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Tan G, Spillane KM, Maher J. The Role and Regulation of the NKG2D/NKG2D Ligand System in Cancer. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1079. [PMID: 37626965 PMCID: PMC10452210 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The family of human NKG2D ligands (NKG2DL) consists of eight stress-induced molecules. Over 80% of human cancers express these ligands on the surface of tumour cells and/or associated stromal elements. In mice, NKG2D deficiency increases susceptibility to some types of cancer, implicating this system in immune surveillance for malignancy. However, NKG2DL can also be shed, released via exosomes and trapped intracellularly, leading to immunosuppressive effects. Moreover, NKG2D can enhance chronic inflammatory processes which themselves can increase cancer risk and progression. Indeed, tumours commonly deploy a range of countermeasures that can neutralise or even corrupt this surveillance system, tipping the balance away from immune control towards tumour progression. Consequently, the prognostic impact of NKG2DL expression in human cancer is variable. In this review, we consider the underlying biology and regulation of the NKG2D/NKG2DL system and its expression and role in a range of cancer types. We also consider the opportunities for pharmacological modulation of NKG2DL expression while cautioning that such interventions need to be carefully calibrated according to the biology of the specific cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Tan
- CAR Mechanics Group, Guy’s Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | | | - John Maher
- CAR Mechanics Group, Guy’s Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK;
- Department of Immunology, Eastbourne Hospital, Kings Drive, Eastbourne BN21 2UD, UK
- Leucid Bio Ltd., Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
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2
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Koh EK, Lee HR, Son WC, Park GY, Kim J, Bae JH, Park YS. Combinatorial immunotherapy with gemcitabine and ex vivo-expanded NK cells induces anti-tumor effects in pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7656. [PMID: 37169953 PMCID: PMC10175562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is difficult to diagnose at the initial stage and is often discovered after metastasis to nearby organs. Gemcitabine is currently used as a standard treatment for pancreatic cancer. However, since chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer has not yet reached satisfactory therapeutic results, adjuvant chemotherapy methods are attempted. It can be expected that combining immune cell therapy with existing anticancer drug combination treatment will prevent cancer recurrence and increase survival rates. We isolated natural killer (NK) cells and co-cultured them with strongly activated autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as feeder cells, activated using CD3 antibody, IFN-r, IL-2, and γ-radiation. NK cells expanded in this method showed greater cytotoxicity than resting NK cells, when co-cultured with pancreatic cancer cell lines. Tumor growth was effectively inhibited in a pancreatic cancer mouse xenograft model. Therapeutic efficacy was increased by using gemcitabine and erlotinib in combination. These findings suggest that NK cells cultured by the method proposed here have excellent anti-tumor activity. We demonstrate that activated NK cells can efficiently inhibit pancreatic tumors when used in combination with gemcitabine-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyoung Koh
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, 46033, South Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, South Korea
| | - Hong-Rae Lee
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, 46033, South Korea
| | - Woo-Chang Son
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, 46033, South Korea
| | - Ga-Young Park
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, 46033, South Korea
| | - Juhee Kim
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, 46033, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, South Korea.
| | - You-Soo Park
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, 46033, South Korea.
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3
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Principe DR, Kamath SD, Korc M, Munshi HG. The immune modifying effects of chemotherapy and advances in chemo-immunotherapy. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 236:108111. [PMID: 35016920 PMCID: PMC9271143 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment paradigm for several malignancies. While the use of single-agent or combined ICIs has achieved acceptable disease control rates in a variety of solid tumors, such approaches have yet to show substantial therapeutic efficacy in select difficult-to-treat cancer types. Recently, select chemotherapy regimens are emerging as extensive modifiers of the tumor microenvironment, leading to the reprogramming of local immune responses. Accordingly, data is now emerging to suggest that certain anti-neoplastic agents modulate various immune cell processes, most notably the cross-presentation of tumor antigens, leukocyte trafficking, and cytokine biosynthesis. As such, the combination of ICIs and cytotoxic chemotherapy are beginning to show promise in many cancers that have long been considered poorly responsive to ICI-based immunotherapy. Here, we discuss past and present attempts to advance chemo-immunotherapy in these difficult-to-treat cancer histologies, mechanisms through which select chemotherapies modify tumor immunogenicity, as well as important considerations when designing such approaches to maximize efficacy and improve therapeutic response rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Principe
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Suneel D Kamath
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Murray Korc
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hidayatullah G Munshi
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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4
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Jones AB, Rocco A, Lamb LS, Friedman GK, Hjelmeland AB. Regulation of NKG2D Stress Ligands and Its Relevance in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2339. [PMID: 35565467 PMCID: PMC9105350 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Under cellular distress, multiple facets of normal homeostatic signaling are altered or disrupted. In the context of the immune landscape, external and internal stressors normally promote the expression of natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) ligands that allow for the targeted recognition and killing of cells by NKG2D receptor-bearing effector populations. The presence or absence of NKG2D ligands can heavily influence disease progression and impact the accessibility of immunotherapy options. In cancer, tumor cells are known to have distinct regulatory mechanisms for NKG2D ligands that are directly associated with tumor progression and maintenance. Therefore, understanding the regulation of NKG2D ligands in cancer will allow for targeted therapeutic endeavors aimed at exploiting the stress response pathway. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of regulatory mechanisms controlling the induction and repression of NKG2D ligands in cancer. Additionally, we highlight current therapeutic endeavors targeting NKG2D ligand expression and offer our perspective on considerations to further enhance the field of NKG2D ligand biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber B. Jones
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Abbey Rocco
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (A.R.); (G.K.F.)
| | | | - Gregory K. Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (A.R.); (G.K.F.)
| | - Anita B. Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
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5
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Van der Meer JMR, de Jonge PKJD, van der Waart AB, Geerlings AC, Moonen JP, Brummelman J, de Klein J, Vermeulen MC, Maas RJA, Schaap NPM, Hoogstad-van Evert JS, Ottevanger PB, Jansen JH, Hobo W, Dolstra H. CD34 + progenitor-derived NK cell and gemcitabine combination therapy increases killing of ovarian cancer cells in NOD/SCID/IL2Rg null mice. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1981049. [PMID: 34616589 PMCID: PMC8489932 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1981049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining natural killer (NK) cell adoptive transfer with tumor-sensitizing chemotherapy is an attractive approach against recurrent ovarian cancer (OC), as OC is sensitive to NK cell-mediated immunity. Previously, we showed that CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC)-derived NK cells can kill OC cells in vitro and inhibit OC tumor growth in mice. Here, we investigated the potential of HPC-NK cell therapy combined with chemotherapeutic gemcitabine (used in recurrent OC patients) against OC. We examined the phenotypical, functional, and cytotoxic effects of gemcitabine on HPC-NK cells and/or OC cells in vitro and in OC-bearing mice. To this end, we treated OC cells and/or HPC-NK cells with or without gemcitabine and analyzed the phenotype, cytokine production, and anti-tumor reactivity. We found that gemcitabine did not affect the phenotype and functionality of HPC-NK cells, while on OC cells expression of NK cell activating ligands and death receptors was upregulated. Although gemcitabine pre-treatment of OC cells did not improve the functionality of HPC-NK cells, importantly, HPC-NK cells and gemcitabine additively killed OC cells in vitro. Similarly, combined HPC-NK cell and gemcitabine treatment additively decreased tumor growth in OC-bearing mice. Collectively, our results indicate that combination therapy of HPC-NK cells and gemcitabine results in augmented OC killing in vitro and in vivo. This provides a rationale for exploring this therapeutic strategy in patients with recurrent OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien M R Van der Meer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center/Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul K J D de Jonge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center/Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anniek B van der Waart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center/Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander C Geerlings
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center/Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen P Moonen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center/Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Brummelman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center/Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janne de Klein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center/Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Malou C Vermeulen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center/Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph J A Maas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center/Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas P M Schaap
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke S Hoogstad-van Evert
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center/Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amphia Hospital, The Netherlands
| | - Petronella B Ottevanger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joop H Jansen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center/Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn Hobo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center/Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Dolstra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center/Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Petroni G, Buqué A, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Immunomodulation by targeted anticancer agents. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:310-345. [PMID: 33338426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
At odds with conventional chemotherapeutics, targeted anticancer agents are designed to inhibit precise molecular alterations that support oncogenesis or tumor progression. Despite such an elevated degree of molecular specificity, many clinically employed and experimental targeted anticancer agents also mediate immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive effects that (at least in some settings) influence therapeutic efficacy. Here, we discuss the main immunomodulatory effects of targeted anticancer agents and explore potential avenues to harness them in support of superior clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Petroni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France; INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France; Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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7
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Kumagai S, Koyama S, Nishikawa H. Antitumour immunity regulated by aberrant ERBB family signalling. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:181-197. [PMID: 33462501 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-00322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant signalling of ERBB family members plays an important role in tumorigenesis and in the escape from antitumour immunity in multiple malignancies. Molecular-targeted agents against these signalling pathways exhibit robust clinical efficacy, but patients inevitably experience acquired resistance to these molecular-targeted therapies. Although cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have shown durable antitumour response in a subset of the treated patients in multiple cancer types, clinical efficacy is limited in cancers harbouring activating gene alterations of ERBB family members. In particular, ICI treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancers with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) alterations and breast cancers with HER2 alterations failed to show clinical benefits, suggesting that EGFR and HER2 signalling may have an essential role in inhibiting antitumour immune responses. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which the signalling of ERBB family members affects not only autonomous cancer hallmarks, such as uncontrolled cell proliferation, but also antitumour immune responses in the tumour microenvironment and the potential application of immune-genome precision medicine into immunotherapy and molecular-targeted therapy focusing on the signalling of ERBB family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Kumagai
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shohei Koyama
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.
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8
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DHA Abolishes the Detrimental Effect of Docetaxel on Downregulation of the MICA via Decreasing the Expression Level of MicroRNA-20a in Gastric Cancer. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 51:545-551. [PMID: 31368060 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-019-00280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MHC class I chain-related protein A (MICA) is a membrane glycoprotein expressed abnormally on some malignant cells including gastric cancer (GC) cell and elicits anti-tumor immune responses. Downregulation of MICA expression could lead to immune-evasion of cancer cells. OBJECTIVE(S) In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docetaxel alone or in combination on the expression level of MICA and its regulating microRNA (miRNA), miR-20a in MKN45 GC cell line. METHOD(S) MKN45 GC cell line was cultured and MTT assay was performed to determine IC50 of docetaxel. Cells were treated by 18.5 μM docetaxel and 100 μM DHA. After that, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were done and the expression level of MICA and miR-20a were determined by quantitative real-time PCR for both treated and untreated cell lines. RESULTS Our findings showed less downregulation of the expression level of MICA by the combination of docetaxel/DHA (5.34-fold) compared with docetaxel (45.45-fold) and DHA (55.55-fold). Consistently, combination therapy led to the more downregulation of the expression level of the miR-20a (5.20-fold) in comparison to docetaxel (2.38-fold) and DHA (1.60-fold). CONCLUSION(S) As an unwanted effect of docetaxel therapy in GC, downregulation of MICA expression could lead to weak anti-tumor immune responses. By increasing the expression level of MICA, combination therapy of docetaxel with DHA would be useful to overcome this side effect.
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9
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Okita R, Shimizu K, Nojima Y, Saisho S, Nakata M. Tofacitinib overcomes an IFNγ-induced decrease in NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity via the regulation of immune-related molecules in LC-2/ad. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:775-782. [PMID: 33491334 PMCID: PMC7952785 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis have shown promising results in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). One major PD-L1 inducer is IFNγ, which is secreted by T cells and NK cells. Importantly, IFNγ-induced PD-L1 is one of the major mechanisms by which cancer cells escape host immunity. METHODS Here, we found that the NSCLC cell line, LC-2/ad, has a unique character; the PD-L1 expression in these cells is up-regulated by both IFNγ and epidermal growth factor (EGF). RESULTS Comparative analysis of the cell signaling pathway showed that IFNγ activates STAT1 signaling, while EGF activates AKT, MAPK, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase in LC-2/ad cells. IFNγ-induced PD-L1, but not EGF-induced PD-L1, was clearly blocked by the JAK-STAT inhibitor tofacitinib. Interestingly, IFNγ decreased the expression of NK cell-activating ligands while increasing the expression of MHC class I molecules, resulting in a phenotype that can easily escape from NK cells, theoretically. Finally, we showed that IFNγ stimuli attenuated NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in LC-2/ad cells, which was, however, blocked by tofacitinib. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study shows that tofacitinib blocks the IFNγ-induced transformation from an NK cell-sensitive phenotype to an NK cell-resistant one in IFNγ-reacted LC-2/ad cells, thereby implicating that tofacitinib may be a promising agent to overcome IFNγ-induced tumor immune escape, although it may be adapted to the limited number of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riki Okita
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shimizu
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yuji Nojima
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Saisho
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Masao Nakata
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
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Natural Killer Cell Immunotherapy for Osteosarcoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1257:141-154. [PMID: 32483737 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43032-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that have the ability to recognize malignant cells through balanced recognition of cell-surface indicators of stress and danger. Once activated through such recognition, NK cells release cytokines and induce target cell lysis through multiple mechanisms. NK cells are increasingly recognized for their role in controlling tumor progression and metastasis and as important mediators of immunotherapeutic modalities such as cytokines, antibodies, immunomodulating drugs, and stem cell transplantation. Recent advances in manipulating NK cell number, function, and genetic modification have caused renewed interest in their potential for adoptive immunotherapies, which are actively being tested in clinical trials. Here, we summarize the evidence for NK cell recognition of osteosarcoma, discuss immune therapies that are directly or indirectly dependent on NK cell function, and describe potential approaches for manipulating NK cell number and function to enhance therapy against osteosarcoma.
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11
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Jia Y, Li X, Zhao C, Ren S, Su C, Gao G, Li W, Zhou F, Li J, Zhou C. Soluble PD-L1 as a Predictor of the Response to EGFR-TKIs in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With EGFR Mutations. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1455. [PMID: 32983977 PMCID: PMC7477347 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressed on tumor tissues is a vital molecule for immune suppression and its impact on the response to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) has been reported. The significance of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) for lung cancer patients remains unknown. This study investigated whether sPD-L1 could predict the response of EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to EGFR-targeted therapy. We retrospectively evaluated patients who received first-line treatment with EGFR-TKIs for advanced NSCLC with EGFR mutations. Pre-treatment plasma concentrations of PD-L1 and on-treatment (1 month after treatment initiation) plasma concentrations of PD-L1 were measured using the R-plex Human PD-L1 assay. The association between the sPD-L1 level and the clinical outcome was analyzed. Among 66 patients who were eligible for the study, patients with high pre-treatment or on-treatment sPD-L1 levels had decreased objective response rate (ORR) compared with that of patients with low sPD-L1 levels (39.4 vs. 66.7%, p = 0.026 for pre-treatment sPD-L1 level, and 43.5 vs. 73.9%, p = 0.025 for on-treatment sPD-L1 level). A high baseline sPD-L1 level was associated with a shortened progression-free survival (PFS) rate (9.9 vs. 16.1 months, p = 0.005). Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that a high baseline sPD-L1 level was an independent factor associated with the PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 2.56, p = 0.011). Our study revealed that the sPD-L1 level was strongly related to the outcome of EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC patients harboring EGFR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxiang Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxia Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghui Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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12
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Khazir J, Mir BA, Chashoo G, Maqbool T, Riley D, Pilcher L. Design, synthesis, and anticancer evaluation of acetamide and hydrazine analogues of pyrimidine. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jabeena Khazir
- Department of ChemistryGovernment Degree College (Boys), Pulwama Pulwama Jammu and Kashmir India
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Bilal Ahmad Mir
- Department of BotanySatellite Campus Kargil University of Kashmir Kargil (Ladakh) Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Gousia Chashoo
- Cancer Pharmacology DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Tariq Maqbool
- Department of NanotechnologyUniversity of Kashmir Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Darren Riley
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Lynne Pilcher
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
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13
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Lizotte PH, Hong RL, Luster TA, Cavanaugh ME, Taus LJ, Wang S, Dhaneshwar A, Mayman N, Yang A, Kulkarni M, Badalucco L, Fitzpatrick E, Kao HF, Kuraguchi M, Bittinger M, Kirschmeier PT, Gray NS, Barbie DA, Jänne PA. A High-Throughput Immune-Oncology Screen Identifies EGFR Inhibitors as Potent Enhancers of Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Tumor Cell Killing. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:1511-1523. [PMID: 30242021 PMCID: PMC6601346 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We developed a screening assay in which luciferized ID8 expressing OVA was cocultured with transgenic CD8+ T cells specifically recognizing the model antigen in an H-2b-restricted manner. The assay was screened with a small-molecule library to identify compounds that inhibit or enhance T cell-mediated killing of tumor cells. Erlotinib, an EGFR inhibitor, was the top compound that enhanced T-cell killing of tumor cells. Subsequent experiments with erlotinib and additional EGFR inhibitors validated the screen results. EGFR inhibitors increased both basal and IFNγ-induced MHC class-I presentation, which enhanced recognition and lysis of tumor cell targets by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The ID8 cell line was also transduced to constitutively express Cas9, and a pooled CRISPR screen, utilizing the same target tumor cell/T-cell assay, identified single-guide (sg)RNAs targeting EGFR that sensitized tumor cells to T cell-mediated killing. Combination of PD-1 blockade with EGFR inhibition showed significant synergistic efficacy in a syngeneic model, further validating EGFR inhibitors as immunomodulatory agents that enhance checkpoint blockade. This assay can be screened in high-throughput with small-molecule libraries and genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 libraries to identify both compounds and target genes, respectively, that enhance or inhibit T-cell recognition and killing of tumor cells. Retrospective analyses of squamous-cell head and neck cancer (SCCHN) patients treated with the combination of afatinib and pembrolizumab demonstrated a rate of clinical activity exceeding that of each single agent. Prospective clinical trials evaluating the combination of an EGFR inhibitor and PD-1 blockade should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H Lizotte
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ruey-Long Hong
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Troy A Luster
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Megan E Cavanaugh
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luke J Taus
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen Wang
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abha Dhaneshwar
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Naomi Mayman
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aaron Yang
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Meghana Kulkarni
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren Badalucco
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erica Fitzpatrick
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hsiang-Fong Kao
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mari Kuraguchi
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark Bittinger
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul T Kirschmeier
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David A Barbie
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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14
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Okita R, Shimizu K, Nakata M. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition-induced metastasis could be a bait for natural killer cells. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S3143-S3146. [PMID: 30370099 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.08.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riki Okita
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shimizu
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Masao Nakata
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
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15
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Hsieh C, Lin YW, Chen CH, Ku W, Ma F, Yu H, Chu C. Yellow and green pigments from Calophyllum inophyllum L. seed oil induce cell death in colon and lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5915-5923. [PMID: 29552223 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds have been candidates for anticancer medicine over the last 20 years. During the process of isolating seed oil from Calophyllum inophyllum L., yellow and green pigments containing multiple compounds with an aromatic structure were identified. High-performance liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of these pigments revealed that the compounds present were identical, but the concentration of the compounds was different. Treatment with the pigments was able to induce the death of DLD-1 human colon cancer cells and increase the percentage of the cells in the sub-G1 and sub-G2/M phases in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the pigments were able to exhibit cytotoxic activity on A549 and H1975 human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines at 24 h, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) values of 0.1206 and 0.0676%, respectively for green pigments, and 0.0434 and 0.0501%, respectively for yellow pigments. Furthermore, a decrease in IC50 value was associated with an increase in the duration of treatment. However, a sharp decrease in IC50 value of the yellow pigment was observed for H1975 cells at 48 h and for A549 cells at 72 h compared with no change in IC50 value for the green pigment with time, suggesting that the pigments function and induce cell death differently in the two cell lines. An investigation was performed into the synergistic effect of the green pigment and gefitinib (Iressa®, ZD1839), which is a selective epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor to block growth factor-mediated cell proliferation. The combination of the green pigment and gefitinib resulted in an enhancement of the decrease in viability of A549 and H1975 cells compared with treatment with gefitinib alone, which suggested that treatment with the green pigments was able to enhance the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to gefitinib. In conclusion, these pigments may be considered for development as anti-colon cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiawen Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yun-Wei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Hsein Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wenjun Ku
- Forest Chemistry Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei 10066, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fuching Ma
- Silviculture Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei 10066, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hanming Yu
- Fushan Botanic Garden, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Yuanshan, Yilan 26445, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chishih Chu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan, R.O.C
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16
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Kersh AE, Ng S, Chang YM, Sasaki M, Thomas SN, Kissick HT, Lesinski GB, Kudchadkar RR, Waller EK, Pollack BP. Targeted Therapies: Immunologic Effects and Potential Applications Outside of Cancer. J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 58:7-24. [PMID: 29136276 PMCID: PMC5972536 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Two pharmacologic approaches that are currently at the forefront of treating advanced cancer are those that center on disrupting critical growth/survival signaling pathways within tumor cells (commonly referred to as "targeted therapies") and those that center on enhancing the capacity of a patient's immune system to mount an antitumor response (immunotherapy). Maximizing responses to both of these approaches requires an understanding of the oncogenic events present in a given patient's tumor and the nature of the tumor-immune microenvironment. Although these 2 modalities were developed and initially used independently, combination regimens are now being tested in clinical trials, underscoring the need to understand how targeted therapies influence immunologic events. Translational studies and preclinical models have demonstrated that targeted therapies can influence immune cell trafficking, the production of and response to chemokines and cytokines, antigen presentation, and other processes relevant to antitumor immunity and immune homeostasis. Moreover, because these and other effects of targeted therapies occur in nonmalignant cells, targeted therapies are being evaluated for use in applications outside of oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Kersh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Spencer Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yun Min Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Susan N. Thomas
- Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haydn T. Kissick
- Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gregory B. Lesinski
- Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ragini R. Kudchadkar
- Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Edmund K. Waller
- Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian P. Pollack
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
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17
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Soo RA, Lim SM, Syn NL, Teng R, Soong R, Mok TSK, Cho BC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in epidermal growth factor receptor mutant non-small cell lung cancer: Current controversies and future directions. Lung Cancer 2017; 115:12-20. [PMID: 29290252 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Major advances with the development of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune check-point inhibitors have ushered in a new era in lung cancer therapy. Whilst pre-clinical studies suggest EGFR-driven NSCLC inhibit antitumor immunity through the activation of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, epidemiology studies suggest EGFR mutant NSCLC are more likely to have decreased PD-L1 expression. The superiority of single agent PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors over docetaxel in pre-treated EGFR mutant NSCLC appears to be moderated. Several mechanisms for a poor response to immune checkpoint have been proposed including a lower tumor mutation burden, and an uninflamed and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Predictive biomarkers to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors sensitivity in patients with EGFR mutations are required. The role of EGFR TKI in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor is currently being investigated intensively in multiple clinical trials and outcomes from these trials are immature and the optimal sequence, schedule and dosing remains to be determined. A careful evaluation will be required in view of the increased toxicities reported in some of the early studies of combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross A Soo
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore.
| | - Sun Min Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicholas L Syn
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Rebecca Teng
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Richie Soong
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Tony S K Mok
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Cifaldi L, Locatelli F, Marasco E, Moretta L, Pistoia V. Boosting Natural Killer Cell-Based Immunotherapy with Anticancer Drugs: a Perspective. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:1156-1175. [PMID: 29133133 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells efficiently recognize and kill tumor cells through several mechanisms including the expression of ligands for NK cell-activating receptors on target cells. Different clinical trials indicate that NK cell-based immunotherapy represents a promising antitumor treatment. However, tumors develop immune-evasion strategies, including downregulation of ligands for NK cell-activating receptors, that can negatively affect antitumor activity of NK cells, which either reside endogenously, or are adoptively transferred. Thus, restoration of the expression of NK cell-activating ligands on tumor cells represents a strategic therapeutic goal. As discussed here, various anticancer drugs can fulfill this task via different mechanisms. We envision that the combination of selected chemotherapeutic agents with NK cell adoptive transfer may represent a novel strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Cifaldi
- Department of Pediatric Haematology/Oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Haematology/Oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emiliano Marasco
- Department of Rheumatology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Pistoia
- Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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19
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Cascone R, Carlucci A, Pierdiluca M, Santini M, Fiorelli A. Prognostic value of soluble major histocompatibility complex class I polypeptide-related sequence A in non-small-cell lung cancer - significance and development. LUNG CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2017; 8:161-167. [PMID: 29066938 PMCID: PMC5644548 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s105623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Soluble major histocompatibility complex class I polypeptide-related sequence A (sMICA) is a useful marker in surveillance of lung cancer. High serum sMICA level in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) seems to be a poor prognostic factor being correlated with poor differentiation and advanced stage. However, the low specificity limits its role as a single prognostic marker of NSCLC, but its evaluation, in addition to standard serum markers, could improve the staging of NSCLC. Despite promising, all current studies are insufficient to assess the real efficiency of sMICA as a prognostic marker of NSCLC, and hence, future studies are required to validate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cascone
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Carlucci
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Pierdiluca
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Santini
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Fiorelli
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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20
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Okita R, Maeda A, Shimizu K, Nojima Y, Saisho S, Nakata M. PD-L1 overexpression is partially regulated by EGFR/HER2 signaling and associated with poor prognosis in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:865-876. [PMID: 28341875 PMCID: PMC11028751 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-1986-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Immunocheckpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis have shown promising results in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recent research has shown that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling affects PD-L1 expression in NSCLC cells; however, the mechanism regulating PD-L1 expression in tumor cells remains unclear. Using immunohistochemistry, we evaluated the impact of expression of PD-L1 and EGF family receptors EGFR and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in tumor cells from 91 patients with pathological Stage IA-IIIA NSCLC. Overexpression of PD-L1 was observed in 14% of the resected tumors, and associated with poor recurrence-free survival (p = 0.021) and overall survival (p = 0.033). PD-L1 expression is positively correlated with EGFR expression and inversely correlated with HER2. NSCLC cell lines were treated in vitro with the EGFR ligand EGF with or without inhibition of EGFR or HER2, after which PD-L1 expression was evaluated using flow cytometry. Consistent with previous reports, PD-L1 expression was clearly enhanced by EGF. EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors or EGFR small interfering RNA (siRNA) blocked EGF-induced PD-L1 overexpression in NSCLC cell lines, but HER2 siRNA did not. Moreover, our findings suggest that PD-L1 expression could be partially regulated via the PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT pathways. We conclude that PD-L1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis and is positively correlated with EGFR expression but inversely correlated with HER2 expression in NSCLC. We also showed that EGFR and HER2 have different effects on EGF-induced PD-L1 expression in NSCLC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riki Okita
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima 577, Kurashiki, 7010192, Japan
| | - Ai Maeda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima 577, Kurashiki, 7010192, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shimizu
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima 577, Kurashiki, 7010192, Japan
| | - Yuji Nojima
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima 577, Kurashiki, 7010192, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Saisho
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima 577, Kurashiki, 7010192, Japan
| | - Masao Nakata
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima 577, Kurashiki, 7010192, Japan
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21
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Carrega P, Ferlazzo G. Natural Killers Are Made Not Born: How to Exploit NK Cells in Lung Malignancies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:277. [PMID: 28348567 PMCID: PMC5346886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, progress has been made in the characterization of natural killer (NK) cells in lung malignancies, and we have now gained a better understanding of the frequency, localization, phenotype, and functional status of NK cells infiltrating these tumors. NK cell subset recruited in lung cancer is mainly capable of producing relevant cytokines rather than exerting direct cancer cell killing. Thus, the relevance of NK cells in tumor microenvironment might also go beyond the killing of tumor cells, being NK cells endowed with regulatory functions toward an ample array of immune effectors. Nevertheless, boosting their cytotoxic functions and redirecting the migration of cytotoxic NK cell subset to the tumor site might open new therapeutic avenues for lung cancer. Also, we believe that a deeper investigation into the impact of both conventional (e.g., chemotherapy) or new therapies (e.g., anti-immune checkpoints mAbs) on NK cell homeostasis in lung cancer patients is now required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Carrega
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Cell Factory Center, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Ferlazzo
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Cell Factory Center, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Cell Therapy Program, University Hospital Policlinico G.Martino, Messina, Italy; Division of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital Policlinico G.Martino, Messina, Italy
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22
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Kersh AE, Sasaki M, Cooper LA, Kissick HT, Pollack BP. Understanding the Impact of ErbB Activating Events and Signal Transduction on Antigen Processing and Presentation: MHC Expression as a Model. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:327. [PMID: 27729860 PMCID: PMC5052536 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in molecular pathology have changed the landscape of oncology. The ability to interrogate tissue samples for oncogene amplification, driver mutations, and other molecular alterations provides clinicians with an enormous level of detail about their patient's cancer. In some cases, this information informs treatment decisions, especially those related to targeted anti-cancer therapies. However, in terms of immune-based therapies, it is less clear how to use such information. Likewise, despite studies demonstrating the pivotal role of neoantigens in predicting responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade, it is not known if the expression of neoantigens impacts the response to targeted therapies despite a growing recognition of their diverse effects on immunity. To realize the promise of 'personalized medicine', it will be important to develop a more integrated understanding of the relationships between oncogenic events and processes governing anti-tumor immunity. One area of investigation to explore such relationships centers on defining how ErbB/HER activation and signal transduction influences antigen processing and presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Kersh
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Lee A Cooper
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, GA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haydn T Kissick
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian P Pollack
- Atlanta VA Medical CenterDecatur, GA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of MedicineAtlanta, GA, USA
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23
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Dawson DW, Fernandez-Zapico ME. Gemcitabine Activates Natural Killer Cells to Attenuate Pancreatic Cancer Recurrence. Gastroenterology 2016; 151:234-7. [PMID: 27374366 PMCID: PMC6042851 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David W Dawson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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24
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Okita R, Yukawa T, Nojima Y, Maeda A, Saisho S, Shimizu K, Nakata M. MHC class I chain-related molecule A and B expression is upregulated by cisplatin and associated with good prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:499-509. [PMID: 26940474 PMCID: PMC11029019 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
MHC class I chain-related molecule A and B (MICA/B) are NK group 2 member D (NKG2D) ligands, which are broadly expressed in transformed cells. Both DNA damage-induced ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM)- and ATM and Rad3-related protein kinases (ATM-ATR) signaling and oncogene-induced PI3K-AKT signaling regulate the expression of NKG2D ligands, which promote NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity via NKG2D-NKG2D ligand interactions. NKG2D ligand overexpression was recently reported to be correlated with good prognosis in several types of cancer. However, the prognostic significance of NKG2D ligands in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. Here, MICA/B expression was evaluated based on immunohistochemistry of 91 NSCLC samples from patients following radical surgery. In addition, expression of MICA/B was assessed in NSCLC cell lines treated with cisplatin in order to evaluate the regulatory mechanisms of MICA/B expression. Overall, 28 out of 91 (30.8%) specimens showed high expression level of MICA/B, which was associated with low (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and manifestation of adenocarcinoma. After a median follow-up of 48.2 months, high MICA/B expression was associated with good recurrence-free survival (p = 0.037). In vitro assays using cell lines revealed that MICA/B expression was upregulated by cisplatin via ATM-ATR signaling, resulting in enhanced NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Upregulated MICA/B expressions in patients with radically resected NSCLC are predictive of good disease prognosis. Cisplatin-induced MICA/B upregulation is possibly an indirect mechanism by which the innate immune system eliminates tumor cells. NKG2D-NKG2D ligand-targeting therapy is a promising avenue for future immune-chemotherapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riki Okita
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima 577, Kurashiki, 7010192, Japan.
| | - Takuro Yukawa
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima 577, Kurashiki, 7010192, Japan
| | - Yuji Nojima
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima 577, Kurashiki, 7010192, Japan
| | - Ai Maeda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima 577, Kurashiki, 7010192, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Saisho
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima 577, Kurashiki, 7010192, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shimizu
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima 577, Kurashiki, 7010192, Japan
| | - Masao Nakata
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima 577, Kurashiki, 7010192, Japan
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