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Davis RA, Greenwell C, Davis BJ, Bateman PW. Liked to death: the impacts of social media and photography on biodiversity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175106. [PMID: 39074758 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The advent and everyday prominence of social media has fuelled a rise in nature tourism and photography to share experiences online. This is increasingly resulting in disturbance to natural environments and causing a range of direct and indirect impacts to native species. We highlight the key negative impacts of social media on biodiversity and determine which characteristics predispose some taxa to a greater threat from social media than others. Direct disturbances arising from social media use include behavioural and physiological impacts, such as disruptions to breeding and feeding and increased predation risk. The use of call playback, drones and baiting of animals for photographs also have a range of negative impacts. Other direct impacts include the capture and handling of animals for photographs and damage and trampling to plants. Indirect impacts include the spread of diseases and increased poaching of flora and fauna. We advocate for the instigation of codes of ethics and tighter controls around the use and promotion of flora and fauna on social media. We propose a framework that considers species most at risk from social media activities, especially those that are rare, sessile and have restricted ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Davis
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 100 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
| | - Claire Greenwell
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Belinda J Davis
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, 2 Kattidj Close, Kings Park, WA 6005, Australia
| | - Philip W Bateman
- Behavioural Ecology Lab, School of Molecular and Life Science, Curtin University, Australia
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Douard M, Fernandez S, Garcia-Vazquez E, Planes S. Rapid expansion and ecosystem health risk of invasive biopollutants dispersed by maritime traffic in French Polynesia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 208:116927. [PMID: 39255672 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
The introduction of biopollutant species challenge ecosystem health and economy in remote islands. Here we checked the advance of invasive fouling species in five French Polynesian islands. Expansion of invasive species (Acantophora spicifera, Bugula neritina, Chthamalus proteus, Dendostrea frons) was detected using individual barcoding (COI for animals, RBLC for algae), and metabarcoding on biofouling (COI and 18S sequences). They were especially abundant in Port Phaeton (Tahiti), Bora Bora and Rangiroa atoll. Chthamalus proteus is a vector of bacterial diseases and may harm native French Polynesian mollusks. Dendostrea frons is a vector of Perkinsus, a parasite to which black pearl oysters, the mainstay of the Polynesian economy, are susceptible. High ecological and epidemiological risks were estimated for C. proteus and D. frons, and ecological risks also for A. spicifera and especially for B. neritina. Strengthening marine biosecurity measures is highly recommended to conserve these unique ecosystems and their associated services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Douard
- Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l'Environnement, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Sara Fernandez
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, C/Julian Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Garcia-Vazquez
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, C/Julian Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Serge Planes
- Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l'Environnement, Moorea, French Polynesia; USR3278 CRIOBE EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, 66860 Perpignan, France
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3
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Echeveste P, Fernández-Juárez V, Brito-Echeverría J, Rodríguez-Romero A, Tovar-Sánchez A, Agawin NS. Toxicity of inorganic nanoparticles and commercial sunscreens on marine bacteria. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143066. [PMID: 39128774 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The Balearic Islands, a top tourist destination for sunny beaches, face physical and chemical pressures from human activities, impacting keystone species like the endemic seagrass Posidonia oceanica and its associated microbiome. This study evaluated the effects of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles and three commercial sunscreens with varying protection factors (50 or 90) and chemical complexities (1- SPF50_E "eco-friendly"; 2- SPF50 not "eco-friendly"; 3- SPF90 not "eco-friendly") on five heterotrophic bacteria (Pseudomonas azotifigens, Marinobacterium litorale, Thiothrix nivea, Sedimenticola thiotaurini and Cobetia sp) and two autotrophic cyanobacteria (Halothece sp. and Fischerella muscicola) associated to P. oceanica, as well as a natural leaf epiphytic community. Results indicated that TiO2 affected all heterotrophic bacteria, while ZnO was toxic to only two species, while autotrophs were unaffected. Commercial sunscreens impacted three heterotrophs and the natural epiphytic community, while autotrophs were only affected by SPF50. SPF50_E reduced phosphorus uptake, and both SPF50 and SPF90 decreased alkaline phosphatase activity. Reactive oxygen species production was mainly induced by SPF90, followed by SPF50_E and SPF50. Generally, the smallest bacteria were most sensitive to UV-filters (UVFs). This study indicates that UVFs exposure may alter the epiphytic community structure of P. oceanica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Echeveste
- Department of Biology, Universitat de Les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain.
| | - Víctor Fernández-Juárez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy of the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG), Sahlgrenska Academy of the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
| | | | - Araceli Rodríguez-Romero
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia, ICMAN-CSIC, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Antonio Tovar-Sánchez
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia, ICMAN-CSIC, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Nona S Agawin
- Department of Biology, Universitat de Les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
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Toledo-Rodriguez DA, Veglia A, Jimenez Marrero NM, Gomez-Samot JM, McFadden CS, Weil E, Schizas NV. Shadows over Caribbean reefs: Identification of a new invasive soft coral species, Xenia umbellata, in southwest Puerto Rico. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.07.592775. [PMID: 38766101 PMCID: PMC11100662 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.07.592775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
In October 2023, several colonies of an alien soft coral species were reported on shallow reefs in southwest Puerto Rico. The soft coral was identified as a xeniid octocoral (species undetermined), resembling the octocoral Unomia stolonifera, which has invaded and overgrown reefs in Venezuela in recent years. To conclusively characterize the species of the invading xeniid, we employed multilocus barcoding targeting four genes (ND2, mtMutS, COI, and 28S) of three separate colonies across three locations in southwest Puerto Rico. Sequence comparisons with xeniid sequences from GenBank, including those from the genera Xenia and Unomia, indicated a 100% sequence identity (>3,000 bp combined) with the species Xenia umbellata (Octocorallia : Malacalcyonacea : Xeniidae). Xenia umbellata is native to the Red Sea and to our knowledge, this represents the first confirmed case of this species as an invader on Caribbean reefs. Similar to U. stolonifera, X. umbellata is well known for its ability to rapidly overgrow substrate as well as tolerate environmental extremes. In addition, X. umbellata has recently been proposed as a model system for tissue regeneration having the ability to regenerate completely from a single tentacle. These characteristics greatly amplify X. umbellata's potential to adversely affect any reef it invades. Our findings necessitate continued collaborative action between local management agencies and stakeholders in Puerto Rico, as well as neighboring islands, to monitor and control this invasion prior to significant ecological perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Toledo-Rodriguez
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, PO Box 9000, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA
- EcoAzul, HC01 Box 4729, Lajas, PR 00667, USA
| | - Alex Veglia
- EcoAzul, HC01 Box 4729, Lajas, PR 00667, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, PO Box 9000, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA
| | - Nilda M. Jimenez Marrero
- Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, San José Industrial Park, 1375 Ave. Ponce de León, San Juan, PR 00926, USA
| | - Joyce M. Gomez-Samot
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, PO Box 9000, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA
| | | | - Ernesto Weil
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, PO Box 9000, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA
| | - Nikolaos V. Schizas
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, PO Box 9000, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA
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Ibáñez N, Gómez-Bellver C, Farelo P, Montserrat JM, Pyke S, Nualart N, López-Pujol J. Montjuïc Hill (Barcelona): A Hotspot for Plant Invasions in a Mediterranean City. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2713. [PMID: 37514329 PMCID: PMC10384852 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Cities are often hotspots for biological invasions, showing much higher percentages of alien species than non-urbanized settings. The reasons are multiple and are mostly related to two main factors: their heterogeneous, highly disturbed habitats and their many gateways that allow alien species introduction (e.g., airports, roads, train stations, or gardens). In addition to being a sink of biological invasions, cities can also be a source of the spread of alien species into surrounding landscapes, which adds further complexity to this issue. Herein, we are presenting the results of a five-year survey of the alien flora of Montjuïc, the largest urban hill in Barcelona (Spain). In just about 3.4 km2, we recorded up to 247 alien plant taxa, a figure much higher than those of many other Mediterranean cities and which clearly points to the role of Montjuïc as a hotspot for alien plants. The comparison with the alien flora of its surrounding region (coastal Catalonia) suggests that the alien flora of Montjuïc would have become enriched through many immigration episodes from close geographic areas. The hill, however, would have also acted as a source of the spread of alien plants, and indeed, some species have not been detected yet beyond the confines of Montjuïc. This study aims to be a key tool to ensure early detection and also to develop appropriate management and/or eradication actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Ibáñez
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlos Gómez-Bellver
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Paula Farelo
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Montserrat
- Barcelona Botanic Garden (JBB), Museum of Natural Sciences of Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Samuel Pyke
- Barcelona Botanic Garden (JBB), Museum of Natural Sciences of Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Nualart
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi López-Pujol
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Espíritu Santo (UEES), Samborondón 091650, Ecuador
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Nasser K, Verhoeff K, Mocanu V, Kung JY, Purich K, Switzer NJ, Birch DW, Karmali S. New persistent opioid use after bariatric surgery: a systematic review and pooled proportion meta-analysis. Surg Endosc 2023; 37:703-714. [PMID: 35534738 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increasing evidence suggests surgical patients are at risk for developing new, persistent opioid use (NPOU) following surgery. This risk may be heightened for patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Few studies have evaluated this important long-term outcome and little is known about the rate of NPOU, or factors associated with NPOU for bariatric surgery patients. METHODS AND PROCEDURE We conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases in August 2021. Studies were reviewed and data extracted independently by two reviewers following MOOSE guidelines. Studies evaluating bariatric surgery patients reporting NPOU, defined as new opioid use > 90 days after surgery, were included. Abstracts, non-English, animal, n < 5, and pediatric studies were excluded. Primary outcome was NPOU prevalence, and secondary outcomes were patient and surgical factors associated with NPOU. Factors associated with NPOU are reported from findings of individual studies; meta-analysis could not be completed due to heterogeneity of reporting. RESULTS We retrieved a total of 2113 studies with 8 meeting inclusion criteria. In studies reporting NPOU rates (n = 4 studies), pooled prevalence was 6.0% (95% CI 4.0-7.0%). Patient characteristics reported by studies to be associated with NPOU included prior substance use (tobacco, alcohol, other prescription analgesics), preoperative mental health disorder (anxiety, mood disorders, eating disorders), and public health insurance. Surgical factors associated with NPOU included severe post-operative complications and in-hospital opioid use (peri- or post operatively). CONCLUSIONS NPOU is an uncommon but important complication following bariatric surgery, with patient factors including prior substance abuse, mental health disorders, and use of public health insurance placing patients at increased risk, and surgical factors being complications and peri-operative opioid use. Studies evaluating techniques to reduce NPOU in these high-risk populations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Nasser
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kevin Verhoeff
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Dvorkin Lounge Mailroom, 2G2 Walter C. Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, 8440, 112 St NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada.
| | - Valentin Mocanu
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Janice Y Kung
- John W. Scott Health Sciences Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kieran Purich
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Noah J Switzer
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel W Birch
- Centre for Advancement of Surgical Education and Simulation (CASES), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shahzeer Karmali
- Centre for Advancement of Surgical Education and Simulation (CASES), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Natural language processing applied to tourism research: A systematic review and future research directions. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY - COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jksuci.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Native and exotic plant invasions vary across habitat types and anthropogenic disturbances in a tourism-heavy protected area. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02923-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Lovelock B, Ji Y, Carr A, Blye CJ. Should tourists care more about invasive species? International and domestic visitors’ perceptions of invasive plants and their control in New Zealand. Biol Invasions 2022; 24:3905-3918. [PMID: 36118126 PMCID: PMC9469818 DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02890-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tourism has been implicated in the spread of invasive species, not only through physical means but through invasive species being perpetuated in destinations as part of the tourism landscape. This study reports on a survey of 238 domestic and international tourists visiting the south of New Zealand, with a focus on their knowledge of and attitudes to the management of two invasive plants: wild conifers and Russell lupins. Both plants have profound ecological, economic and environmental impacts but are also increasingly a part of the tourist landscapes in the study region. The survey found significant differences between domestic and international visitors in their levels of ecological knowledge about the invasive plants, with domestic visitors having greater awareness. However, there were also significant differences between international visitors according to origin and ethnicity, with Asian visitors showing lower awareness and also lower willingness to support eradication of the invasives, even after being provided information on the ecological impact of the species. Participants also responded differently to the two species, being less willing to support eradication of the attractive Russell lupin, compared to wild conifers. There are implications for management in terms of the messaging that may be required for different visitor groups around invasive species control. The study also points to the challenge of developing support for the management of charismatic plant species such as Russell lupin that are now firmly located within the tourism domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Lovelock
- Department of Tourism, Centre for Recreation Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Yun Ji
- Department of Tourism, Centre for Recreation Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anna Carr
- Department of Tourism, Centre for Recreation Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Clara-Jane Blye
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Wu Q, Xu C, Li J, Liu W, Wan F, Guo J, Wang R. Expansion of non-native plant Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze driven by a range of factors leading to patchy distribution patterns. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9303. [PMID: 36188526 PMCID: PMC9486491 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the growing concern over the ecological impacts of non-native species, exploring these species' expansion edge and distribution patterns and their driving factors is important for developing suitable management measures. Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze, a non-native plant that was introduced to China in the 1990s, has spread from southern Hebei Province, where it first took root, to the surrounding regions and has become one of the most notorious invasive weeds in northern China. Based on 15 years (2006-2021) of extensive field investigations, the spatial distribution of sampling and occurrence points were mapped in the recently expanded region of F. bidentis' population. Then, nearest neighbor analysis is used to characterize the spatial pattern differences between samplings and occurrences. An exponential decay function was used to elucidate the driving factors contributing to the presence and absence of F. bidentis. Our results demonstrated an effective random sampling setup, a heterogeneous spatial distribution of F. bidentis, and a multi-regional independent aggregation distribution pattern (p < .01). There were significant spatial correlations between the aggregation areas of plant occurrence points and the locations of roads and construction sand distribution centers. These findings suggest that human activities involving major roads and construction sand distribution centers were driving factors contributing to this long-distance dispersal and spatially discontinuous distribution patterns. The presence of these patchy distribution patterns has important implications for ongoing efforts to manage populations of non-native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianmei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chengdong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information SystemInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiamei Li
- College of Life ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Wanxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Fanghao Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jianying Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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Weir JL, Vacura K, Bagga J, Berland A, Hyder K, Skov C, Attby J, Venturelli PA. Big data from a popular app reveals that fishing creates superhighways for aquatic invaders. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac075. [PMID: 36741432 PMCID: PMC9896924 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human activities are the leading cause of biological invasions that cause ecologic and economic damage around the world. Aquatic invasive species (AIS) are often spread by recreational anglers who visit two or more bodies of water within a short time frame. Movement data from anglers are, therefore, critical to predicting, preventing, and monitoring the spread of AIS. However, the lack of broad-scale movement data has restricted efforts to large and popular lakes or small geographic extents. Here, we show that recreational fishing apps are an abundant, convenient, and relatively comprehensive source of "big" movement data across the contiguous United States. Our analyses revealed a dense network of angler movements that was dramatically more interconnected and extensive than the network that is formed naturally by rivers and streams. Short-distanced movements by anglers combined to form invasion superhighways that spanned the contiguous United States. We also identified possible invasion fronts and invaded hub lakes that may be superspreaders for two relatively common aquatic invaders. Our results provide unique insight into the national network through which AIS may be spread, increase opportunities for interjurisdictional coordination that is essential to addressing the problem of AIS, and highlight the important role that anglers can play in providing accurate data and preventing invasions. The advantages of mobile devices as both sources of data and a means of engaging the public in their shared responsibility to prevent invasions are probably general to all forms of tourism and recreation that contribute to the spread of invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Weir
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie 47306, IN, USA
| | - Kirsten Vacura
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie 47306, IN, USA
| | - Jay Bagga
- Department of Computer Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - Adam Berland
- Department of Geography, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - Kieran Hyder
- Center for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Christian Skov
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg 8600, Denmark
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Wedegärtner REM, Lembrechts JJ, Wal R, Barros A, Chauvin A, Janssens I, Graae BJ. Hiking trails shift plant species' realized climatic niches and locally increase species richness. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas J. Lembrechts
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO) University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
| | - René Wal
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Agustina Barros
- Instituto Argentino de Nivología Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CONICET, CCT‐Mendoza Mendoza Argentina
| | - Aurélie Chauvin
- Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Ilias Janssens
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO) University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Bente Jessen Graae
- Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
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13
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Grant ML, Bond AL, Lavers JL. The influence of seabirds on their breeding, roosting and nesting grounds: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Anim Ecol 2022; 91:1266-1289. [PMID: 35395097 PMCID: PMC9324971 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Seabird species world-wide are integral to both marine and terrestrial environments, connecting the two systems by transporting vast quantities of marine-derived nutrients and pollutants to terrestrial breeding, roosting and nesting grounds via the deposition of guano and other allochthonous inputs (e.g. eggs, feathers). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis and provide insight into what types of nutrients and pollutants seabirds are transporting, the influence these subsidies are having on recipient environments, with a particular focus on soil, and what may happen if seabird populations decline. The addition of guano to colony soils increased nutrient levels compared to control soils for all seabirds studied, with cascading positive effects observed across a range of habitats. Deposited guano sometimes led to negative impacts, such as guanotrophication, or guano-induced eutrophication, which was often observed where there was an excess of guano or in areas with high seabird densities. While the literature describing nutrients transported by seabirds is extensive, literature regarding pollutant transfer is comparatively limited, with a focus on toxic and bioaccumulative metals. Research on persistent organic pollutants and plastics transported by seabirds is likely to increase in coming years. Studies were limited geographically, with hotspots of research activity in a few locations, but data were lacking from large regions around the world. Studies were also limited to seabird species listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. As seabird populations are impacted by multiple threats and steep declines have been observed for many species world-wide, gaps in the literature are particularly concerning. The loss of seabirds will impact nutrient cycling at localized levels and potentially on a global scale as well, yet it is unknown what may truly happen to areas that rely on seabirds if these populations disappear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Grant
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaNewnhamTASAustralia
| | - Alexander L. Bond
- Bird GroupDepartment of Life SciencesThe Natural History MuseumHertfordshireUK
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaTASAustralia
| | - Jennifer L. Lavers
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaTASAustralia
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Bagnara M, Nowak L, Boehmer HJ, Schöll F, Schurr FM, Seebens H. Simulating the spread and establishment of alien species along aquatic and terrestrial transport networks: A multi‐pathway and high‐resolution approach. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Bagnara
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt Germany
| | - Larissa Nowak
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt Germany
- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC‐UIB) Global Change Research Group Mallorca Spain
| | - Hans Juergen Boehmer
- School of Geography, Earth Science and Environment, Faculty of Science Technology and Environment, The University of the South Pacific (USP) Suva Fiji
- Institute of Geography Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena Germany
- Institute for Applied Ecological Studies (IFANOS) Nuremberg Germany
| | - Franz Schöll
- German Federal Institute of Hydrology Koblenz Germany
| | - Frank M. Schurr
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany
| | - Hanno Seebens
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt Germany
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15
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Invasion of plants in towns and roadsides around the Iguaque massif (Boyacá, Colombia). Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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16
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Metallic Study of the Invasive Species Cronius ruber—Assessment of Toxic Risk. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Three toxic heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Hg) were analyzed in the newly found invasive species in the Canary Islands, Cronius ruber. Its high growth rate and its widely varied diet are affecting the Canary marine ecosystem. The study was conducted using electrothermal vaporization atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) and cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry (CV-AAS). Significant differences were found in terms of the location and sex of the specimens, with the highest concentrations being found in areas with higher tourism activity and in the female specimens. On the other hand, the conclusion of the study is that human consumption of this species does not pose any toxic risk to public health, as the levels obtained in muscle tissue do not exceed the established limits for these metals. Therefore, its consumption and the fishing of this species can stop the proliferation of the same in the Canary coasts and thus not be harmful for the ecosystem.
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17
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Robinson AP, McNeill MR. Biosecurity and post-arrival pathways in New Zealand: relating alien organism detections to tourism indicators. NEOBIOTA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.71.64618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Between-country tourism is established as a facilitator of the spread of invasive alien species; however, little attention has been paid to the question of whether tourism contributes to the arrival and subsequent dispersal of exotic organisms within national borders. To assess the strength of evidence that tourism is a driver for the accidental introducing and dispersal of exotic organisms, we sourced three national databases covering the years 2011 to 2017, namely international and domestic hotel guest nights and national population counts, along with records of exotic organism detections collected by the Ministry for Primary Industries, New Zealand’s government agency that oversees biosecurity. We fitted statistical models to assess the strength of the relationship between monthly exotic organism interception rate, guest nights and population, the latter as a baseline. The analysis showed that levels of incursion detection were significantly related to tourism records reflecting the travel of both international and domestic tourists, even when population was taken into account. There was also a significant positive statistical correlation between the levels of detection of exotic organisms and human population. The core take-home message is that a key indicator of within-country human population movement, namely the number of nights duration spent in specific accommodation, is statistically significantly correlated to the contemporaneous detection of exotic pests. We were unable to distinguish between the effects of international as opposed to domestic tourists. We conclude that this study provides evidence of impact of within-country movement upon the internal spread of exotic species, although important caveats need to be considered.
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18
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Bergman JN, Buxton RT, Lin HY, Lenda M, Attinello K, Hajdasz AC, Rivest SA, Tran Nguyen T, Cooke SJ, Bennett JR. Evaluating the benefits and risks of social media for wildlife conservation. Facets (Ott) 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Given its extensive volume and reach, social media has the potential to widely spread conservation messaging and be a powerful tool to mobilize social change for conserving biodiversity. We synthesized gray and primary academic literature to investigate the effects of social media on wildlife conservation, revealing several overarching benefits and risks. We found that social media can increase pro-conservation behaviours among the public, increase conservation funding, and incite policy changes. Conversely, social media can contribute to species exploitation and illegal trade, cause unprecedented increases in tourism in protected areas, and perpetuate anti-conservation behaviours via misinformation. In most cases, we found that content sharing on social media did not result in a detectable impact on conservation; in this paper, however, we focus on providing examples where conservation impact was achieved. We relate these positive and negative outcomes of social media to psychological phenomena that may influence conservation efforts and discuss limitations of our findings. We conclude with recommendations of best practices to social media administrators, public social media users, nongovernmental organizations, and governing agencies to minimize conservation risks while maximizing beneficial outcomes. By improving messaging, policing online misconduct, and providing guidance for action, social media can help achieve wildlife conservation goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordanna N. Bergman
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Rachel T. Buxton
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Hsien-Yung Lin
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Magdalena Lenda
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, Kraków, 31–120, Poland
| | - Kayla Attinello
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Adrianne C. Hajdasz
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Stephanie A. Rivest
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Avenue E, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Thuong Tran Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
- Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Joseph R. Bennett
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
- Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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19
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Meyer N, Schafft M, Wegner B, Wolter C, Arlinghaus R, Venohr M, von Oheimb G. A day on the shore: Ecological impacts of non-motorised recreational activities in and around inland water bodies. J Nat Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2021.126073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Castro KL, Battini N, Giachetti CB, Trovant B, Abelando M, Basso NG, Schwindt E. Early detection of marine invasive species following the deployment of an artificial reef: Integrating tools to assist the decision-making process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113333. [PMID: 34329910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Early detection and rapid response plans are a set of principles to reduce the establishment, spread and impact of invasive species and it is a critical step in management in marine ecosystems. Two potentially invasive ascidians attached to the hull of a recently sunk fishing vessel were early detected in Patagonia. With the aim of assisting in the management decision-making process during the early steps of a rapid response, we conducted several analyses through different approaches. First, we identified the species through classic taxonomical and genetic analyses. Then, we evaluated the regional and international shipping connectivity to study potential donor regions and finally, we used species distribution models (SDMs) to predict the potential distribution of these species. The potentially invasive ascidians were identified as Styela clava and Styela plicata, and this is the first record for both species in the Nuevo gulf, Patagonia Argentina. Both species have a widespread distribution around the world with strong ecological and economic impacts documented. Shipping traffic analysis suggested that S. plicata could have arrived by secondary spread from regional ports, while the arrival of S. clava was likely to be associated with international shipping traffic. Furthermore, the SDM predicted that S. clava has suitable coastal areas along the entire Southwestern Atlantic shoreline, where it is currently absent. On the contrary, the SDM predicted that further southward spread of S. plicata is unlikely, being limited by the minimum annual temperature. We discussed the different approaches, tools, and expertise integrated in this work in the light of the decision-making process for the early detection of marine invasive species in the Southwestern Atlantic. Moreover, we call attention to the increased creation of artificial habitats through the intentional sinking of ships and the potential consequences of these actions in the conservation of marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Lidia Castro
- Grupo de Ecología en Ambientes Costeros (GEAC), Argentina; Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR-CONICET), Blvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional Del Comahue (CRUB, UNCo), Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
| | - Nicolás Battini
- Grupo de Ecología en Ambientes Costeros (GEAC), Argentina; Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR-CONICET), Blvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Clara Belen Giachetti
- Grupo de Ecología en Ambientes Costeros (GEAC), Argentina; Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR-CONICET), Blvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Berenice Trovant
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus-CONICET), Blvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), 9 de Julio 25, Trelew, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Mariana Abelando
- Dirección de Protección Ambiental, Prefectura Naval Argentina, Av. E. Madero 235, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Universitario de Seguridad Marítima, Prefectura Naval Argentina, Av. Corrientes 345, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Néstor Guillermo Basso
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus-CONICET), Blvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Evangelina Schwindt
- Grupo de Ecología en Ambientes Costeros (GEAC), Argentina; Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR-CONICET), Blvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
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21
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Balmford A. Concentrating vs. spreading our footprint: how to meet humanity's needs at least cost to nature. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Balmford
- Conservation Science Group Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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22
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Understanding how best to engage recreationists in biosecurity to reduce the impacts of tree diseases: a review. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 4:531-538. [PMID: 33258896 PMCID: PMC7803342 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pests and diseases introduced from other countries are known to pose a threat to trees, woods and forests in many locations throughout the world. Once introduced they can be spread inadvertently by countryside visitors hiking, biking or riding along paths and trails through wooded areas. Engaging and communicating with these groups of countryside users to encourage and facilitate positive biosecurity behaviours is crucial for the future resilience of trees, woods and forests. This review draws on literature outlining principles for stakeholder engagement in forestry as well as evaluations of biosecurity campaigns from around the world. Key points are briefly presented for communicators aiming to encourage better biosecurity in the countryside. These include, the need to design campaigns based on the values and motivations of recreationists, using trusted information sources and understanding the importance of combining information with facilities so as to reduce the cost (in terms of effort and inconvenience) to hikers and other countryside users.
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Gioria M, Carta A, Baskin CC, Dawson W, Essl F, Kreft H, Pergl J, van Kleunen M, Weigelt P, Winter M, Pyšek P. Persistent soil seed banks promote naturalisation and invasiveness in flowering plants. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1655-1667. [PMID: 34031959 PMCID: PMC8361993 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With globalisation facilitating the movement of plants and seeds beyond the native range, preventing potentially harmful introductions requires knowledge of what drives the successful establishment and spread of alien plants. Here, we examined global-scale relationships between naturalisation success (incidence and extent) and invasiveness, soil seed bank properties (type and densities) and key species traits (seed mass, seed dormancy and life form) for 2350 species of angiosperms. Naturalisation and invasiveness were strongly associated with the ability to form persistent (vs. transient) seed banks but relatively weakly with seed bank densities and other traits. Our findings suggest that seed bank persistence is a trait that better captures the ability to become naturalised and invasive compared to seed traits more widely available in trait databases. Knowledge of seed persistence can contribute to our ability to predict global naturalisation and invasiveness and to identify potentially invasive flowering plants before they are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Gioria
- Institute of BotanyDepartment of Invasion EcologyCzech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Angelino Carta
- Department of Biology, Botany UnitUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Carol C. Baskin
- Department of BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamUK
- Centre for Invasion BiologyDepartment of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Franz Essl
- BioInvasionsGlobal Change, Macroecology‐GroupUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Centre for Invasion BiologyDepartment of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and BiogeographyUniversity of GoettingenGoettingenGermany
| | - Jan Pergl
- Institute of BotanyDepartment of Invasion EcologyCzech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and ConservationTaizhou UniversityTaizhouChina
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and BiogeographyUniversity of GoettingenGoettingenGermany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research‐iDiv, Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of BotanyDepartment of Invasion EcologyCzech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Department of EcologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
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24
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McNeill MR, Tu X, Ferguson CM, Ban L, Hardwick S, Rong Z, Barratt BIP, Zehua Z. Diversity and impacts of key grassland and forage arthropod pests in China and New Zealand: An overview of IPM and biosecurity opportunities. NEOBIOTA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.65.61991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
For both New Zealand and China, agriculture is integral to the economy, supporting primary production in both intensive and extensive farming systems. Grasslands have important ecosystem and biodiversity functions, as well providing valuable grazing for livestock. However, production and persistence of grassland and forage species (e.g. alfalfa) is not only compromised by overgrazing, climate change and habitat fragmentation, but from a range of pests and diseases, which impose considerable costs on growers in lost production and income. Some of these pest species are native, but increasingly, international trade is seeing the rapid spread of exotic and invasive species. New Zealand and China are major trading partners with significant tourist flow between the two countries. This overview examines the importance of grasslands and alfalfa in both countries, the current knowledge on the associated insect pest complex and biocontrol options. Identifying similarities and contrasts in biology and impacts along with some prediction on the impact of invasive insect species, especially under climate change, are possible. However, it is suggested that coordinated longitudinal ecological research, carried out in both countries using sentinel grass and forage species, is critical to addressing gaps in our knowledge of biology and impact of potential pests, along with identifying opportunities for control, particularly using plant resistance or biological control.
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25
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Fundoplication is superior to medical therapy for Barrett's esophagus disease regression and progression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Endosc 2021; 36:2554-2563. [PMID: 34008109 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-021-08543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fundoplication and medical management are current mainstays for management of Barrett's esophagus (BE), however our understanding of differences in outcomes between these two treatments is limited. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of these interventions on BE disease regression and progression. METHODS AND PROCEDURES A comprehensive search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was performed on February 22, 2021. Inclusion criteria were studies with both medical and surgical management comparators, BE diagnosis prior to treatment, patients aged ≥ 18 years, and studies with greater than five patients. Primary outcomes of interest included evaluating changes in histopathologic BE regression and disease progression between interventions. Meta-analysis was performed using a Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model (RevMan 5.4.1). RESULTS A total of 7231 studies were retrieved after initial search with nine studies (1 randomized trial, 7 prospective cohorts, 1 retrospective cohort) meeting final inclusion criteria. Of included studies, 890 (65%) patients received medical management while 470 (35%) received surgical management. Medical management included proton pump inhibitors (n = 807, 91%; 6 studies), H2-receptor blockers (n = 40, 4% patients; 3 studies), and combination therapy (n = 43, 5%; 1 study). Nissen fundoplication was the most commonly performed type of fundoplication (n = 265, 93%). Median length of follow-up ranged from 1.5-7 years. Meta-analysis revealed that fundoplication was associated with improved histopathologic regression of metaplasia/low-grade dysplasia (OR 4.38; 95% CI 2.28-8.42; p < 0.00001) and disease progression to dysplasia/adenocarcinoma (OR 0.34; 95% CI 0.12-0.96; p = 0.04) compared to medical therapy. CONCLUSION Fundoplication is superior to medical therapy with regards to improved odds of histopathologic BE disease regression and disease progression. Additional randomized trials which directly compare medical management and surgical intervention are required to delineate the optimal delivery and timing of these interventions.
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26
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Drivers of species richness, biomass, and dominance of invasive macrophytes in temperate lakes. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Prioritizing Invasive Forest Plant Management Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis in Minnesota, USA. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11111213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Invasive plants are a concern in many forest ecosystems because they can impact tree regeneration and recruitment, alter hydrology, and degrade wildlife habitats. Management efforts are generally planned locally, based on the severity of the infestation, species involved, and characteristics of the forest stand. A broad, landscape-level context can provide additional information and help with planning efforts but is often lacking. In this study, we estimated landscape-level priorities for the management of five invasive forest plants in Minnesota. We used a multi-criteria decision analysis approach to integrate plant distribution models and data with geographic information about areas of conservation concern, recreational areas, and the economic benefits of treatment. The results varied across Ecological Classification System provinces and Minnesota native plant community classes. Four of the five invasive plants considered demonstrated an abundance of Medium- and High-priority areas for management in the Eastern Broadleaf Forest province of Minnesota. The average priority was generally lower in the Prairie Parklands and Tallgrass Aspen Parklands provinces, with Rhamnus cathartica as the only species demonstrating Medium or higher priorities in the latter. The mean priorities were Medium or higher for R. cathartica and Frangula alnus in mesic hardwood community types across the state, in addition to several fire-dependent systems. The priority distribution was most limited for Rosa multiflora, where the only Medium or higher priority results were found in a mesic hardwood system in the southeastern corner of the state. The results presented here highlight broad-scale patterns that can provide a synoptic overview of invasive plant priorities at the landscape scale.
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Vorstenbosch T, Essl F, Lenzner B. An uphill battle? The elevational distribution of alien plant species along rivers and roads in the Austrian Alps. NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.63.55096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ever-increasing international trade and anthropogenic activity has led to the relocation of thousands of plant species worldwide. So far, the harsh climate of the European Alps historically has restricted the establishment of alien plants. However, new opportunities created by rising temperatures and increasing human activity might allow alien plants to spread further upwards. Here, the distribution of alien plants along an altitudinal gradient in two Austrian valleys is analyzed. Specifically, the distribution along two contrasting corridors (roads, rivers) and the spread of alien plants into adjacent habitats is examined. Following the MIREN sampling protocol, 20 transects composed of three plots along each river and main road, were established in each study region. Plant species cover and a range of site-specific factors were collected. In total, 641 plant species were recorded, of which 20 were alien. Alien species richness along roads was slightly higher compared to rivers, and the composition of the alien flora differed markedly between roads and rivers. Further, alien plant species richness decreases with distance to roads and rivers (indicating that adjacent habitats are less invaded), as well as with increasing elevation. Mowing along roadsides resulted in lower alien plant species cover, but higher alien plant species richness. Finally, compositional dissimilarity between sites showed that elevation, proximity of a plot to a river or road, and alien plant cover are important factors for higher dissimilarity. This study demonstrates that both natural (rivers) and man-made (roads) corridors play an essential role in the upward spread of different alien plants in mountains.
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29
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Essl F, Lenzner B, Bacher S, Bailey S, Capinha C, Daehler C, Dullinger S, Genovesi P, Hui C, Hulme PE, Jeschke JM, Katsanevakis S, Kühn I, Leung B, Liebhold A, Liu C, MacIsaac HJ, Meyerson LA, Nuñez MA, Pauchard A, Pyšek P, Rabitsch W, Richardson DM, Roy HE, Ruiz GM, Russell JC, Sanders NJ, Sax DF, Scalera R, Seebens H, Springborn M, Turbelin A, van Kleunen M, von Holle B, Winter M, Zenni RD, Mattsson BJ, Roura‐Pascual N. Drivers of future alien species impacts: An expert-based assessment. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:4880-4893. [PMID: 32663906 PMCID: PMC7496498 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the likely future impacts of biological invasions is crucial yet highly challenging given the multiple relevant environmental, socio-economic and societal contexts and drivers. In the absence of quantitative models, methods based on expert knowledge are the best option for assessing future invasion trajectories. Here, we present an expert assessment of the drivers of potential alien species impacts under contrasting scenarios and socioecological contexts through the mid-21st century. Based on responses from 36 experts in biological invasions, moderate (20%-30%) increases in invasions, compared to the current conditions, are expected to cause major impacts on biodiversity in most socioecological contexts. Three main drivers of biological invasions-transport, climate change and socio-economic change-were predicted to significantly affect future impacts of alien species on biodiversity even under a best-case scenario. Other drivers (e.g. human demography and migration in tropical and subtropical regions) were also of high importance in specific global contexts (e.g. for individual taxonomic groups or biomes). We show that some best-case scenarios can substantially reduce potential future impacts of biological invasions. However, rapid and comprehensive actions are necessary to use this potential and achieve the goals of the Post-2020 Framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
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Bernardo HL, Goad R, Vitt P, Knight TM. Nonadditive effects among threats on rare plant species. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2020; 34:1029-1034. [PMID: 31762062 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current loss of biodiversity has put 50,000 plant species at an elevated risk of extinction worldwide. Conserving at-risk species is often complicated by covariance or nonadditivity among threats, which makes it difficult to determine optimal management strategies. We sought to demographically quantify covariance and nonadditive effects of more threats on more rare plant species than ever attempted in a single analysis. We used 1082 population reports from 186 populations across 3 U.S. states of 27 rare, herbaceous plant species collected over 15 years by citizen scientists. We used a linear mixed-effects model with 4 threats and their interactions as fixed predictors, species as a random predictor, and annual growth rates as the response. We found a significant 3-way interaction on annual growth rates; rare plant population sizes were reduced by 46% during the time immediately after disturbance when populations were also browsed by deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and had high levels of encroachment by woody species. This nonadditive effect should be considered a major threat to the persistence of rare plant species. Our results highlight the need for comprehensive, multithreat assessments to determine optimal conservation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly L Bernardo
- Biology Department - Washington University in Saint Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, U.S.A
| | - Rachel Goad
- Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program and the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, 400 Market Street, Harrisburg, PA, 17105, U.S.A
- Chicago Botanic Garden - Department of Plant Science and Conservation, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, IL, 60022, U.S.A
| | - Pati Vitt
- Chicago Botanic Garden - Department of Plant Science and Conservation, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, IL, 60022, U.S.A
| | - Tiffany M Knight
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-University, Universitätsplatz 10, Halle-Wittenberg, 06108, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, Halle-Leipzig, 0438, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
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The Effect of Visitors on the Properties of Vegetation of Calcareous Grasslands in the Context of Width and Distances from Tourist Trails. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, valuable natural areas considered as zones of silence and rest have been increasingly struggling with the problem of mass tourism. In this study, an investigation of the effect of visitors on the properties of vegetation of calcareous grasslands in the context of width and distances from tourist trails is performed. The study was conducted in seven localities in Cracow (southern Poland) involving calcareous grasslands impacted by tourist trails. The results show that the lower height of plants, the greater number of species and the greater percentage of plant cover damaged by trampling in plots located close to the edge of tourist trails, as well as lower total plant cover and greater mean cover-abundance degree per species along narrow pathways. The dominance of meadow and grassland species, as well as the prevalence of native species, suggests that the composition of the examined vegetation has not been drastically changed. In the majority of the study plots, the dominance of hemicryptophytes and chamaephytes, inconsiderable share of phanerophytes and therophytes, as well as the low share of geophytes, were observed. The infrequent occurrence of species presenting Bidens dispersal type along narrow pathways, as well as in plots located close to the edge of tourist trails, suggests low external transport of epizoochorous seeds by passing people, while the prevalence of species presenting Cornus type in plots located away from the edge of tourist trails might be the effect of dung deposition by animals.
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Bridging Worlds: Utilizing a Multi-Stakeholder Framework to Create Extension–Tourism Partnerships. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su12010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Some counties in the United States are turning to visions of sustainable development in response to increasing environmental problems caused by land use expansion and intensification. Sustainable tourism is one industry capable of fostering this change because of its relationship to all facets of a destination, from transportation and culture to natural resource management. This paper addresses a study that examined what support tourism destinations in Florida need from the Cooperative Extension Service to better utilize natural areas as responsible tourism attractions to benefit the local community, economy, and biodiversity (i.e., ecotourism). A nominal group technique, questionnaires, and interviews with local tourism professionals were used to investigate needs and support for ecotourism development. Results show, when nature-based tourism products are present, growth in ecotourism market supply is desired by tourism providers. Results also indicate that this growth is possible with the help of Extension agents, who would serve as educators on responsible tourism topics and facilitate partnerships between government, businesses, local residents, and visitors. Integrating these results into the (2013) multi-stakeholder framework developed by Waligo et al. for sustainable tourism development, this paper outlines reasoning and process for the Cooperative Extension Service to provide important support for a prevalent natural resource use.
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Liedtke R, Barros A, Essl F, Lembrechts JJ, Wedegärtner REM, Pauchard A, Dullinger S. Hiking trails as conduits for the spread of non-native species in mountain areas. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRoadsides are major pathways of plant invasions in mountain regions. However, the increasing importance of tourism may also turn hiking trails into conduits of non-native plant spread to remote mountain landscapes. Here, we evaluated the importance of such trails for plant invasion in five protected mountain areas of southern central Chile. We therefore sampled native and non-native species along 17 trails and in the adjacent undisturbed vegetation. We analyzed whether the number and cover of non-native species in local plant assemblages is related to distance to trail and a number of additional variables that characterize the abiotic and biotic environment as well as the usage of the trail. We found that non-native species at higher elevations are a subset of the lowland source pool and that their number and cover decreases with increasing elevation and with distance to trails, although this latter variable only explained 4–8% of the variation in the data. In addition, non-native richness and cover were positively correlated with signs of livestock presence but negatively with the presence of intact forest vegetation. These results suggest that, at least in the region studied, hiking trails have indeed fostered non-native species spread to higher elevations, although less efficiently than roadsides. As a corollary, appropriate planning and management of trails could become increasingly important to control plant invasions into mountains in a world which is warming and where visitation and recreational use of mountainous areas is expected to increase.
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Sample M, Aslan CE, Policelli N, Sanford RL, Nielsen E, Nuñez MA. Increase in nonnative understorey vegetation cover after nonnative conifer removal and passive restoration. AUSTRAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Sample
- Landscape Conservation Initiative Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona 86011 USA
| | - Clare E. Aslan
- Landscape Conservation Initiative Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona 86011 USA
- School of Earth and Sustainability Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Nahuel Policelli
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones INIBIOMA CONICET Universidad Nacional del Comahue Bariloche Argentina
| | - Robert L. Sanford
- School of Earth and Sustainability Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Erik Nielsen
- School of Earth and Sustainability Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Martín A. Nuñez
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones INIBIOMA CONICET Universidad Nacional del Comahue Bariloche Argentina
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Mansfield S, McNeill MR, Aalders LT, Bell NL, Kean JM, Barratt BI, Boyd-Wilson K, Teulon DA. The value of sentinel plants for risk assessment and surveillance to support biosecurity. NEOBIOTA 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.48.34205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Effective surveillance for early detection of invasive alien species in natural ecosystems, or on valued plants found in modified areas, could prevent potentially devastating and costly impacts (whether environmental, economic or cultural) of new invasions on the invaded country. Surveillance technologies are often constrained by a range of factors. Determining which species present a significant risk before they reach the border is an effective strategy to minimize the possibility of invasion and/or the impact of invasion. Surveillance of sentinel plants provides an important tool to strengthen biosecurity programs assisting with i) detecting and identifying insect pests, nematodes and plant diseases that could potentially invade uncolonized countries, and ii) developing pest risk analysis profiles to eliminate or mitigate the risk of arrival. This review examines some of the challenges and opportunities provided by sentinel plant research and discusses the factors that could affect the success of their use for biosecurity risk assessment and surveillance in the New Zealand context.
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Schüttler E, Crego RD, Saavedra-Aracena L, Silva-Rodríguez EA, Rozzi R, Soto N, Jiménez JE. New records of invasive mammals from the sub-Antarctic Cape Horn Archipelago. Polar Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-019-02497-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Drius M, Bongiorni L, Depellegrin D, Menegon S, Pugnetti A, Stifter S. Tackling challenges for Mediterranean sustainable coastal tourism: An ecosystem service perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:1302-1317. [PMID: 30586816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coastal tourism is a growing industry sector in the Mediterranean Basin. This and the other human activities occurring along the coastline share space and resources, leading to conflicts for divergent uses. Moreover, the overexploitation of natural resources degrades and depletes coastal habitats, with negative feedback effects for all human activities. Hence, both tourism and the other human activities have to consider their dependence on coastal ecosystem services, and act at technical and policy level to reach a compromise that preserves natural resources in the long term. Here we provide a conceptual framework illustrating the complex relationships and trade-offs among threats from coastal tourism and from other human activities and coastal ecosystem services, with a focus on cultural ones. We discuss the negative feedbacks on tourism development and provide examples of geospatial analysis on cumulative threats generated by other human activities and affecting tourism itself. The proposed conceptual framework and the threat analysis aim at highlighting the negative feedback effects of human driven threats on the development of Mediterranean coastal tourism, through an ecosystem service perspective. Both tools provide valuable insight for supporting decision makers and planners in achieving integrated coastal management, with a focus on sustainable tourism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mita Drius
- ISMAR-CNR, Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council, Arsenale - Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venice, Italy.
| | - Lucia Bongiorni
- ISMAR-CNR, Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council, Arsenale - Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venice, Italy.
| | - Daniel Depellegrin
- ISMAR-CNR, Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council, Arsenale - Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venice, Italy.
| | - Stefano Menegon
- ISMAR-CNR, Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council, Arsenale - Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venice, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Pugnetti
- ISMAR-CNR, Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council, Arsenale - Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venice, Italy.
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Iterative Models for Early Detection of Invasive Species across Spread Pathways. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Species distribution models can be used to direct early detection of invasive species, if they include proxies for invasion pathways. Due to the dynamic nature of invasion, these models violate assumptions of stationarity across space and time. To compensate for issues of stationarity, we iteratively update regionalized species distribution models annually for European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar dispar) to target early detection surveys for the USDA APHIS gypsy moth program. We defined regions based on the distances from the invasion spread front where shifts in variable importance occurred and included models for the non-quarantine portion of the state of Maine, a short-range region, an intermediate region, and a long-range region. We considered variables that represented potential gypsy moth movement pathways within each region, including transportation networks, recreational activities, urban characteristics, and household movement data originating from gypsy moth infested areas (U.S. Postal Service address forwarding data). We updated the models annually, linked the models to an early detection survey design, and validated the models for the following year using predicted risk at new positive detection locations. Human-assisted pathways data, such as address forwarding, became increasingly important predictors of gypsy moth detection in the intermediate-range geographic model as more predictor data accumulated over time (relative importance = 5.9%, 17.36%, and 35.76% for 2015, 2016, and 2018, respectively). Receiver operating curves showed increasing performance for iterative annual models (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.63, 0.76, and 0.84 for 2014, 2015, and 2016 models, respectively), and boxplots of predicted risk each year showed increasing accuracy and precision of following year positive detection locations. The inclusion of human-assisted pathway predictors combined with the strategy of iterative modeling brings significant advantages to targeting early detection of invasive species. We present the first published example of iterative species distribution modeling for invasive species in an operational context.
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Gill N, Graham S, Cross R, Taylor E. Weed hygiene practices in rural industries and public land management: Variable knowledge, patchy implementation, inconsistent coordination. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 223:140-149. [PMID: 29913302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Weed management science and practice largely focuses on eradicating, containing and reducing existing weed populations; the focus is on plants in situ. More recently, the redefinition of biosecurity to include weeds has seen greater attention paid to preventing the introduction of weeds to previously uninfested areas within countries. Thus weed hygiene has come to the fore, with a growing number of publications recommending a diverse range of practices to minimise the spread of weeds across farm, regional and state boundaries. Yet little is known about the uptake of weed hygiene practices. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the extent to which best practice weed hygiene is being implemented on, across and along private and public lands. Telephone interviews were conducted with 54 private and public land managers, weed contractors, and agricultural transport operators in New South Wales, Australia. Vehicle hygiene was commonly undertaken across all stakeholder groups when it was consistent with other goals, requirements or norms. Other practices, such as sequencing harvesting from least to most weedy paddocks or including weed hygiene clauses in contracts were often known, but rarely practiced because of the onerous labour and financial costs or concerns about social etiquette. Individual commitment to weed hygiene efforts were also undermined by intra and inter-organisational coordination challenges. Public debate and assessment are needed on the benefits and costs to society of weed hygiene compared to in situ weed control to determine where best to invest limited time and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Gill
- School of Geography and Sustainable Communities, Australian Centre for Cultural Environmental Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Sonia Graham
- School of Social Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW, 2152, Australia
| | - Rebecca Cross
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eli Taylor
- School of Social Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW, 2152, Australia
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Gantchoff MG, Wilton CM, Belant JL. Factors influencing exotic species richness in Argentina's national parks. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5514. [PMID: 30202651 PMCID: PMC6128254 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exotic species introductions are a global phenomenon and protected areas are susceptible to them. Understanding the drivers of exotic species richness is vital for prioritizing natural resource management, particularly in developing countries with limited resources. We analyzed the influence of coarse resolution factors on exotic species richness (plants, mammals, and birds) in Argentina’s National Parks System. We collected data on native species richness, year of park formation, park area, region, elevation range, number of rivers crossing area boundaries, roads entering area, mean annual rainfall, mean annual temperature, mean annual number of visitors, and Human Influence Index within and surrounding each park. We compiled 1,688 exotic records in 36 protected areas: 83% plants and 17% animals (9.5% mammals, 5.5% birds, 1.5% fishes, 0% amphibians, 0% reptiles). The five parks with the most exotic species (all taxa combined) were in north Patagonia. Exotic grasses were the most common exotic plants, and within animals, lagomorphs and feral ungulates were remarkably widespread. Exotic plant richness was mostly influenced by temperature and native plant richness, while exotic mammal and bird richness was driven mostly by anthropogenic variables, with models explaining 36–45% of data deviance. Most variables that positively influenced exotic taxa were indirectly related to an increase in spatial heterogeneity (natural or anthropogenic), suggesting greater niche space variability as facilitators of exotic richness increase. Additional data are needed to further investigate the patterns and mechanisms of exotic species richness in protected areas, which will help to prioritize the greatest needs of monitoring and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela G Gantchoff
- Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University, MS, United States of America
| | - Clay M Wilton
- Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Jerrold L Belant
- Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University, MS, United States of America
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Geffroy B, Sadoul B, Bouchareb A, Prigent S, Bourdineaud JP, Gonzalez-Rey M, Morais RN, Mela M, Nobre Carvalho L, Bessa E. Nature-Based Tourism Elicits a Phenotypic Shift in the Coping Abilities of Fish. Front Physiol 2018; 9:13. [PMID: 29459828 PMCID: PMC5807742 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature-based tourism is gaining extensive popularity, increasing the intensity and frequency of human-wildlife contacts. As a consequence, behavioral and physiological alterations were observed in most exposed animals. However, while the majority of these studies investigated the effects of punctual exposure to tourists, the consequences of constant exposition to humans in the wild remains overlooked. This is an important gap considering the exponential interest for recreational outdoor activities. To infer long-term effects of intensive tourism, we capitalized on Odontostilbe pequira, a short-lived sedentary Tetra fish who spends its life close to humans, on which it feeds on dead skin. Hence, those fish are constantly exposed to tourists throughout their lifecycle. Here we provide an integrated picture of the whole phenomenon by investigating, for the first time, the expression of genes involved in stress response and neurogenesis, as well as behavioral and hormonal responses of animals consistently exposed to tourists. Gene expression of the mineralocorticoid (and cortisol) receptor (mr) and the neurogenic differentiation factor (NeuroD) were significantly higher in fish sampled in the touristic zone compared to those sampled in the control zone. Additionally, after a simulated stress in artificial and controlled conditions, those fish previously exposed to visitors produced more cortisol and presented increased behavioral signs of stress compared to their non-exposed conspecifics. Overall, nature-based tourism appeared to shift selection pressures, favoring a sensitive phenotype that does not thrive under natural conditions. The ecological implications of this change in coping style remain, nevertheless, an open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Geffroy
- Center of Study of the Meridional Amazon, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, Brazil.,Institute of Biological, Human and Social Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso UFMT, Sinop, Brazil.,Ifremer, IRD, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR MARBEC, University of Montpellier, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
| | - Bastien Sadoul
- Ifremer, IRD, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR MARBEC, University of Montpellier, Palavas-Les-Flots, France.,Environmental Physiology and Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Amine Bouchareb
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvain Prigent
- Biogenouest, Biosit - UMS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3480/US INSERM 018, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Paul Bourdineaud
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5805, Aquatic Toxicology, University of Bordeaux, Arcachon, France
| | - Maria Gonzalez-Rey
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5805, Aquatic Toxicology, University of Bordeaux, Arcachon, France
| | - Rosana N Morais
- Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Maritana Mela
- Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Nobre Carvalho
- Center of Study of the Meridional Amazon, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, Brazil.,Institute of Biological, Human and Social Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso UFMT, Sinop, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bessa
- Graduate Program in Ecology, University of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Reshaid Y, Cao L, Brea F, Blanche MO, Torres S, Darrigran G. Variation in the distribution of Corbicula species (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Corbiculidae) after 25 years of its introduction in the Río de la Plata, Argentina. ZOOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.3897/zoologia.34.22181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Reshaid Y, Cao L, Brea F, Blanche MO, Torres S, Darrigran G. Variation in the distribution of Corbicula species (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Corbiculidae) after 25 years of its introduction in the Río de la Plata, Argentina. ZOOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.3897/zoologia.34.e22181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In 1981, Corbiculafluminea (Müller, 1774) and C.largillierti (Philippi, 1844) were recorded at the Río de la Plata River. During the 1980’s, C.largillierti was found on a continuous fringe in the shore of that river, while C.fluminea was only found North of Buenos Aires’ harbor. Ten years later, C.fluminea spread to Punta Indio, while C.largillierti remained restricted to tributary streams. The density and size frequency distribution of both species were compared with previous data from samples performed in the same area in 1985–1989. The aim of this research was to determine whether the densities of both species decreased; whether C.fluminea is still more abundant than C.largillierti; and whether the size frequency distributions indicate different population structures from those observed in the end of the 1980’s. Nine localities from the river shore were sampled, and each individual was identified and measured. The size of C.fluminea varied between 2 and 39 mm, showing the highest frequency of individuals between 20 and 25 mm; furthermore the density decreased 90% in 2015/2016. No specimens of C.largillierti were found. In conclusion, the populations of Corbicula inhabiting the Río de la Plata River are retracting.
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Zhang X, Wang H, Wang S, Wang R, Wang Y, Liu J. Factors Affecting Alien and Native Plant Species Richness in Temperate Nature Reserves of Northern China. POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.3161/15052249pje2017.65.4.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Shandong Urban Construction Vocational College, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Senlin Wang
- Shandong Forestry Monitoring and Planning Institute, Jinan 25000, China
| | - Renqing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Toral-Granda MV, Causton CE, Jäger H, Trueman M, Izurieta JC, Araujo E, Cruz M, Zander KK, Izurieta A, Garnett ST. Alien species pathways to the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184379. [PMID: 28902860 PMCID: PMC5597199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Alien species, one of the biggest threats to natural ecosystems worldwide, are of particular concern for oceanic archipelagos such as Galápagos. To enable more effective management of alien species, we reviewed, collated and analysed all available records of alien species for Galápagos. We also assembled a comprehensive dataset on pathways to and among the Galápagos Islands, including tourist and resident numbers, tourist vessels, their itineraries and visitation sites, aircraft capacity and occupancy, air and sea cargo and biosecurity interceptions. So far, 1,579 alien terrestrial and marine species have been introduced to Galápagos by humans. Of these, 1,476 have become established. Almost half of these were intentional introductions, mostly of plants. Most unintentional introductions arrived on plants and plant associated material, followed by transport vehicles, and commodities (in particular fruit and vegetables). The number, frequency and geographic origin of pathways for the arrival and dispersal of alien species to and within Galápagos have increased over time, tracking closely the increase in human population (residents and tourists) on the islands. Intentional introductions of alien species should decline as biosecurity is strengthened but there is a danger that unintentional introductions will increase further as tourism on Galápagos expands. This unique world heritage site will only retain its biodiversity values if the pathways for invasion are managed effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Verónica Toral-Granda
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Heinke Jäger
- Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador
| | - Mandy Trueman
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Juan Carlos Izurieta
- Ministerio de Turismo del Ecuador-Observatorio de Turismo de Galápagos, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador
| | - Eddy Araujo
- Dirección del Parque Nacional Galápagos, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador
| | - Marilyn Cruz
- Agencia de Bioseguridad de Galápagos, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador
| | - Kerstin K. Zander
- Northern Institute, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Arturo Izurieta
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
- Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador
| | - Stephen T. Garnett
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
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Indirect Consequences of Recreational Fishing in Freshwater Ecosystems: An Exploration from an Australian Perspective. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su9020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bruzone MC, Fehrer J, Fontenla SB, Vohník M. First record of Rhizoscyphus ericae in Southern Hemisphere's Ericaceae. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:147-163. [PMID: 27778093 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ericoid mycorrhiza is arguably the least investigated mycorrhizal type, particularly when related to the number of potential hosts and the ecosystems they inhabit. Little is known about the global distribution of ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) fungi, and this holds true even for the prominent ErM mycobiont Rhizoscyphus ericae. Earlier studies suggested R. ericae might be low in abundance or absent in the roots of Southern Hemisphere's Ericaceae, and our previous investigations in two Argentine Patagonian forests supported this view. Here, we revisited the formerly investigated area, albeit at a higher altitude, and screened fungi inhabiting hair roots of Gaultheria caespitosa and Gaultheria pumila at a treeless alpine site using the same methods as previously. We obtained 234 isolates, most of them belonging to Ascomycota. In contrast to previous findings, however, among 37 detected operational taxonomic units (OTUs), OTU 1 (=R. ericae s. str.) comprised the highest number of isolates (87, ∼37 %). Most of the OTUs and isolates belonged to the Helotiales, and 82.5 % of isolates belonged to OTUs shared between both Gaultheria species. At the alpine site, ericoid mycorrhizal fungi dominated, followed by dark septate endophytes and aquatic hyphomycetes probably acting as root endophytes. Our results suggest that the distribution of R. ericae is influenced, among others, by factors related to altitude such as soil type and presence/absence and type of the neighboring vegetation. Our study is the first report on R. ericae colonizing Ericaceae roots in the Southern Hemisphere and extends the known range of this prominent ErM species to NW Patagonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Clara Bruzone
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, INIBIOMA (Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Judith Fehrer
- DNA Laboratory, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Průhonice, CZ-252 43, Czech Republic
| | - Sonia B Fontenla
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, INIBIOMA (Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Martin Vohník
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany CAS, Průhonice, CZ-252 43, Czech Republic.
- Department of Plant Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-128 44, Czech Republic.
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Pergl J, Pyšek P, Bacher S, Essl F, Genovesi P, Harrower CA, Hulme PE, Jeschke JE, Kenis M, Kühn I, Perglová I, Rabitsch W, Roques A, Roy DB, Roy HE, Vilà M, Winter M, Nentwig W. Troubling travellers: are ecologically harmful alien species associated with particular introduction pathways? NEOBIOTA 2017. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.32.10199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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50
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Kenna D, Fincham WNW, Dunn AM, Brown LE, Hassall C. Antagonistic effects of biological invasion and environmental warming on detritus processing in freshwater ecosystems. Oecologia 2016; 183:875-886. [PMID: 28013390 PMCID: PMC5339318 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Global biodiversity is threatened by multiple anthropogenic stressors but little is known about the combined effects of environmental warming and invasive species on ecosystem functioning. We quantified thermal preferences and then compared leaf-litter processing rates at eight different temperatures (5.0–22.5 °C) by the invasive freshwater crustacean Dikerogammarus villosus and the Great Britain native Gammarus pulex at a range of body sizes. D. villosus preferred warmer temperatures but there was considerable overlap in the range of temperatures that the two species occupied during preference trials. When matched for size, G. pulex had a greater leaf shredding efficiency than D. villosus, suggesting that invasion and subsequent displacement of the native amphipod will result in reduced ecosystem functioning. However, D. villosus is an inherently larger species and interspecific variation in shredding was reduced when animals of a representative size range were compared. D. villosus shredding rates increased at a faster rate than G. pulex with increasing temperature suggesting that climate change may offset some of the reduction in function. D. villosus, but not G. pulex, showed evidence of an ability to select those temperatures at which its shredding rate was maximised, and the activation energy for shredding in D. villosus was more similar to predictions from metabolic theory. While per capita and mass-corrected shredding rates were lower in the invasive D. villosus than the native G. pulex, our study provides novel insights in to how the interactive effects of metabolic function, body size, behavioural thermoregulation, and density produce antagonistic effects between anthropogenic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kenna
- School of Biology and water@leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Alison M Dunn
- School of Biology and water@leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lee E Brown
- School of Geography and water@leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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