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Maimaiti Y, Su T, Zhang Z, Ma L, Zhang Y, Xu H. NOX4-mediated astrocyte ferroptosis in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:88. [PMID: 38956702 PMCID: PMC11218381 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01266-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) involvement in iron-mediated astrocyte cell death in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) using single-cell sequencing data and transcriptomes. We analyzed AD single-cell RNA sequencing data, identified astrocyte marker genes, and explored biological processes in astrocytes. We integrated AD-related chip data with ferroptosis-related genes, highlighting NOX4. We validated NOX4's role in ferroptosis and AD in vitro and in vivo. Astrocyte marker genes were enriched in AD, emphasizing their role. NOX4 emerged as a crucial player in astrocytic ferroptosis in AD. Silencing NOX4 mitigated ferroptosis, improved cognition, reduced Aβ and p-Tau levels, and alleviated mitochondrial abnormalities. NOX4 promotes astrocytic ferroptosis, underscoring its significance in AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasenjiang Maimaiti
- Gerontology Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No.91 Tianchi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Ting Su
- Gerontology Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No.91 Tianchi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhanying Zhang
- Gerontology Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No.91 Tianchi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lingling Ma
- Gerontology Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No.91 Tianchi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Gerontology Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No.91 Tianchi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Gerontology Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No.91 Tianchi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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2
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Feng K, Li X, Bai Y, Zhang D, Tian L. Mechanisms of cancer cell death induction by triptolide: A comprehensive overview. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24335. [PMID: 38293343 PMCID: PMC10826740 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The need for naturally occurring constituents is driven by the rise in the cancer prevalence and the unpleasant side effects associated with chemotherapeutics. Triptolide, the primary active component of "Tripterygium Wilfordii", has exploited for biological mechanisms and therapeutic potential against various tumors. Based on the recent pre-clinical investigations, triptolide is linked to the induction of death of cancerous cells by triggering cellular apoptosis via inhibiting heat shock protein expression (HSP70), and cyclin dependent kinase (CDKs) by up regulating expression of P21. MKP1, histone methyl transferases and RNA polymerases have all recently identified as potential targets of triptolide in cells. Autophagy, AKT signaling pathway and various pathways involving targeted proteins such as A-disintegrin & metalloprotease-10 (ADAM10), Polycystin-2 (PC-2), dCTP pyro-phosphatase 1 (DCTP1), peroxiredoxin-I (Prx-I), TAK1 binding protein (TAB1), kinase subunit (DNA-PKcs) and the xeroderma-pigmentosum B (XPB or ERCC3) have been exploited. Besides that, triptolide is responsible for enhancing the effectiveness of various chemotherapeutics. In addition, several triptolide moieties, including minnelide and LLDT8, have progressed in investigations on humans for the treatment of cancer. Targeted strategies, such as triptolide conjugation with ligands or triptolide loaded nano-carriers, are efficient techniques to confront toxicities associated with triptolide. We expect and anticipate that advances in near future, regarding combination therapies of triptolide, might be beneficial against cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Xiaojiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Yuzhuo Bai
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery Baishan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baishan, 134300, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Lung Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, China
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He Z, Botchway BOA, Zhang Y, Liu X. Triptolide activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway to improve Alzheimer disease. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:173-182. [PMID: 37624431 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease with pathological features of accumulated amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and the significant inflammatory environment. These features modify the living microenvironment for nerve cells, causing the damage, dysfunction, and death. Progressive neuronal loss directly leads to cognitive decline in AD patients and is closely related to brain inflammation. Therefore, impairing inflammation via signaling pathways may facilitate either the prevention or delay of the degenerative process. Triptolide has been evidenced to possess potent anti-inflammatory effect. In this review, we elaborate on two signaling pathways (the NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways) that are involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of triptolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoting He
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, Zhejiang Province, 312000, China
| | - Benson O A Botchway
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Bupa Cromwell Hospital, Kensington, London, UK
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, Zhejiang Province, 312000, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, Zhejiang Province, 312000, China.
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Fukuyama Y, Kubo M, Harada K. Neurotrophic Natural Products. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 123:1-473. [PMID: 38340248 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42422-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT3, NT4) can decrease cell death, induce differentiation, as well as sustain the structure and function of neurons, which make them promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. However, neurotrophins have not been very effective in clinical trials mostly because they cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier owing to being high-molecular-weight proteins. Thus, neurotrophin-mimic small molecules, which stimulate the synthesis of endogenous neurotrophins or enhance neurotrophic actions, may serve as promising alternatives to neurotrophins. Small-molecular-weight natural products, which have been used in dietary functional foods or in traditional medicines over the course of human history, have a great potential for the development of new therapeutic agents against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In this contribution, a variety of natural products possessing neurotrophic properties such as neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth promotion (neuritogenesis), and neuroprotection are described, and a focus is made on the chemistry and biology of several neurotrophic natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
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Zhou H, Zhang M, Cao H, Du X, Zhang X, Wang J, Bi X. Research Progress on the Synergistic Anti-Tumor Effect of Natural Anti-Tumor Components of Chinese Herbal Medicine Combined with Chemotherapy Drugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1734. [PMID: 38139860 PMCID: PMC10748242 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of chemotherapy drugs in tumor treatment has a long history, but the lack of selectivity of drugs often leads to serious side effects during chemotherapy. The natural anti-tumor ingredients derived from Chinese herbal medicine are attracting increased attention due to their diverse anti-tumor effects, abundant resources, and minimal side effects. An effective anti-tumor strategy may lie in the combination of these naturally derived anti-tumor ingredients with conventional chemotherapy drugs. This approach could potentially inhibit tumor growth and the development of drug resistance in tumor cells while reducing the adverse effects of chemotherapy drugs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the combined therapy strategies integrating natural anti-tumor components from Chinese herbal medicine with chemotherapy drugs in current research. We primarily summarize various compounds in Chinese herbal medicine exhibiting natural anti-tumor activities and the relevant mechanisms in synergistic anti-tumor combination therapy. The focus of this paper is on underlining that this integrative approach, combining natural anti-tumor components of Chinese herbal medicine with chemotherapy drugs, presents a novel cancer treatment methodology, thereby providing new insights for future oncological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Zhou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Mengxue Zhang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Huihui Cao
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Xintong Du
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Xiuli Bi
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
- Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases Molecular Mechanism Research and Nutritional Intervention of Shenyang, Shenyang 110036, China
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Cui Y, Jiang X, Feng J. The therapeutic potential of triptolide and celastrol in neurological diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1024955. [PMID: 36339550 PMCID: PMC9626530 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1024955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases are complex diseases affecting the brain and spinal cord, with numerous etiologies and pathogenesis not yet fully elucidated. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. (TWHF) is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of medicinal use in China and is widely used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. With the rapid development of modern technology, the two main bioactive components of TWHF, triptolide and celastrol, have been found to have anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and anti-tumor effects and can be used in the treatment of a variety of diseases, including neurological diseases. In this paper, we summarize the preclinical studies of triptolide and celastrol in neurological diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, brain and spinal cord injury, and epilepsy. In addition, we review the mechanisms of action of triptolide and celastrol in neurological diseases, their toxicity, related derivatives, and nanotechnology-based carrier system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueran Cui
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuejiao Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Feng,
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Dang Y, He Q, Yang S, Sun H, Liu Y, Li W, Tang Y, Zheng Y, Wu T. FTH1- and SAT1-Induced Astrocytic Ferroptosis Is Involved in Alzheimer’s Disease: Evidence from Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101177. [PMID: 36297287 PMCID: PMC9610574 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Despite significant advances in neuroscience, the mechanisms of AD are not fully understood. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) techniques provide potential solutions to analyze cellular composition of complex brain tissue and explore cellular and molecular biological mechanisms of AD. Methods: We investigated cellular heterogeneity in AD via utilization of bioinformatic analysis of scRNA-seq in AD patients and healthy controls from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The “GOplot” package was applied to explore possible biological processes in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Expression patterns and biological functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from scRNA-seq data were validated in RNA sequencing data. DEGs in astrocytes interacted with ferroptosis-related genes in FerrDb. CCK-8 and EdU assays were performed to measure cell proliferation ability. ROS, Fe2+ level, mitochondrial membrane potentials, iron concentrations, and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) in serum were evaluated. Y-maze and elevated maze were used to measure anxiety-like behavior. Autonomous and exploration behaviors or learning and memory ability in mice were analyzed using open field test and novel object recognition test. Results: Multiple clusters were identified, including oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, OPCs, neurons, microglia, doublets, and endothelial cells. Astrocytes were significantly decreased in AD, while oligodendrocytes and OPCs increased. Cell-to-cell ligand–receptor interaction analysis revealed that astrocytes, neurons, and OPCs mainly established contacts with other cells via the NRG3–ERBB4 ligand–receptor pair. GO and KEGG analyses found that astrocytes were enriched in the ferroptosis pathway. FTH1 and SAT1 in astrocytes were identified as hub mRNAs associated with ferroptosis. Serum iron concentration of 5xFAD mice was higher than that of WT, and emotional and cognitive function were significantly impaired as compared to WT. Serum iron concentration was negatively correlated with number of astrocytes and percentage of time spent entering the novelty arm in the Y-maze test, while it was positively correlated with percentage of time spent in the central area. Meanwhile, number of astrocytes was negatively correlated with percentage of time spent in the central area, while it was positively correlated with percentage of time spent entering the novelty arm. Conclusions: Through scRNA-seq analysis, we found that ferroptosis was activated in astrocytes and may contribute to the pathophysiological process in the entorhinal cortex. FTH1 and SAT1 were identified to impact astrocyte ferroptosis. Emotional and cognitive impairment in AD was associated with astrocyte ferroptosis. Our findings provide clues to reveal the pathophysiological processes following AD at the cellular level and highlight potential drug targets for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Dang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Division of Gastroenterological Rehabilitation, Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Siyu Yang
- Division of Brain Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Huaiqing Sun
- Division of Brain Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Division of Brain Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wanting Li
- Division of Brain Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Division of Brain Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Ting Wu
- Division of Brain Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (T.W.)
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8
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Song Y, Su D, Yang Y, Zeng Q, Liao L, Chen C, Yang M, Zhu G, Zhang R, Ai Z, Li Y. Two Species Origins Comparison of Herba Patriniae based on Their Ingredients Profile by UPLC-QTOF/MS/MS and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100961. [PMID: 35979749 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Herba Patriniae (HP) is widely used as a medicinal and edible material in China. Besides food value, HP attracts more attention due to its medicinal potential. Patrinia villosa Juss. ( PV ) and Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch. ( PS ) are the two species origins of HP. These two of HP show different effects on cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and anti-diabetic. As we have previously reported, PV and PS show significant differences on their anti-inflammatory ability in the same experimental model. Comparing the ingredient profiles of two different sources will not only facilitate the understanding of their medicinal effects, but also help the development and research of new activities. However, still now, there is no systematic and detailed study to compare the components of PV and PS . In present study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was employed to achieve a high-throughput qualitative and thorough analysis of the chemical composition spectrum of HP. A total of 164 compounds were identified, among these compounds, 127 compounds were identified from PV , and 107 compounds were identified from PS . Most of the chemical components was discovered for the first time. Flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids and organic acids, as the main ingredients in PV and PS were 45.45%vs 28.46%, 12.61% vs 32.09%, 14.33% vs 22.38% and 14.58% vs 6.79%, respectively. Flavonoids are the main components of PV , while PS is rich in saponins. PV and PS were classified into two groups by principal component analysis (PCA) and screened out the main molecular differences responsible by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). All the results will be a guide for the quality control, functional activity research, or better clinic use based on the ingredients profile between these two species. Besides, this first study on ingredients profile of two species origins will be beneficial for potential and best resources utilization of both PV and PS .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggui Song
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Laboratory Animal Science and Technology Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, 330000, Nanchang, CHINA
| | - Da Su
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, Nanchang, CHINA
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, Nanchang, CHINA
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, Nanchang, CHINA
| | - Liangliang Liao
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, Nanchang, CHINA
| | - Changlian Chen
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, Nanchang, CHINA
| | - Ming Yang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, Nanchang, CHINA
| | - Genhua Zhu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, Nanchang, CHINA
| | - Ruowen Zhang
- Shenzhen Honsan Health Industry Group, Shenzhen Honsan Health Industry Group, 2028 Shenyan Road, Haishan street, Shenzhen, China, Shenzhen, CHINA
| | - Zhifu Ai
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, Nanchang, CHINA
| | - Yanzhen Li
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, Nanchang, CHINA
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Zhang ZP, Bai X, Cui WB, Chen XH, Liu X, Zhi DJ, Zhang ZX, Fei DQ, Wang DS. Diterpenoid Caesalmin C Delays Aβ-Induced Paralysis Symptoms via the DAF-16 Pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126871. [PMID: 35743309 PMCID: PMC9225120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the world. However, there is no effective drug to cure it. Caesalmin C is a cassane-type diterpenoid abundant in Caesalpinia bonduc (Linn.) Roxb. In this study, we investigated the effect of caesalmin C on Aβ-induced toxicity and possible mechanisms in the transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans AD model. Our results showed that caesalmin C significantly alleviated the Aβ-induced paralysis phenotype in transgenic CL4176 strain C. elegans. Caesalmin C dramatically reduced the content of Aβ monomers, oligomers, and deposited spots in AD C. elegans. In addition, mRNA levels of sod-3, gst-4, and rpt-3 were up-regulated, and mRNA levels of ace-1 were down-regulated in nematodes treated with caesalmin C. The results of the RNAi assay showed that the inhibitory effect of caesalmin C on the nematode paralysis phenotype required the DAF-16 signaling pathway, but not SKN-1 and HSF-1. Further evidence suggested that caesalmin C may also have the effect of inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and upregulating proteasome activity. These findings suggest that caesalmin C delays the progression of AD in C. elegans via the DAF-16 signaling pathway and that it could be developed into a promising medication to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Ping Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.-P.Z.); (X.B.); (W.-B.C.); (X.-H.C.); (X.L.); (D.-J.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.-P.Z.); (X.B.); (W.-B.C.); (X.-H.C.); (X.L.); (D.-J.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
| | - Wen-Bo Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.-P.Z.); (X.B.); (W.-B.C.); (X.-H.C.); (X.L.); (D.-J.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Han Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.-P.Z.); (X.B.); (W.-B.C.); (X.-H.C.); (X.L.); (D.-J.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
| | - Xu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.-P.Z.); (X.B.); (W.-B.C.); (X.-H.C.); (X.L.); (D.-J.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
| | - De-Juan Zhi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.-P.Z.); (X.B.); (W.-B.C.); (X.-H.C.); (X.L.); (D.-J.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
| | - Zhan-Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.-P.Z.); (X.B.); (W.-B.C.); (X.-H.C.); (X.L.); (D.-J.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dong-Qing Fei
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.-P.Z.); (X.B.); (W.-B.C.); (X.-H.C.); (X.L.); (D.-J.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Correspondence: (D.-Q.F.); (D.-S.W.)
| | - Dong-Sheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.-P.Z.); (X.B.); (W.-B.C.); (X.-H.C.); (X.L.); (D.-J.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (D.-Q.F.); (D.-S.W.)
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10
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Fan M, Li Z, Hu M, Zhao H, Wang T, Jia Y, Yang R, Wang S, Song J, Liu Y, Jin W. Formononetin attenuates Aβ 25-35-induced adhesion molecules in HBMECs via Nrf2 activation. Brain Res Bull 2022; 183:162-171. [PMID: 35304289 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Brain vascular inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As a central pathogenic factor in AD, the extracellular buildup of amyloid-β (Aβ) induces brain microvascular endothelial cells activation, impairs endothelial structure and function. Formononetin (FMN) has been reported to protect against Alzheimer's disease (AD) and attenuates vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis. However, its involvement in regulating vascular inflammation of AD has not been investigated. In the study, we found that FMN significantly attenuates Aβ25-35-induced expression of adhesion molecules, including intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in the human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs), suggesting that FMN inhibits Aβ25-35-induced brain endothelial cells inflammatory response. Moreover, we observed that FMN attenuates Aβ25-35-induced translocation of NFκB (p65) into the nucleus of HBMECs, and found that FMN treatment induces Nrf2 expression and attenuates Nrf2-Keap1 association in a dose-dependent manner in HBMECs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Nrf2 silencing significantly attenuates FMN-reduced NFκB (p65) activation and nuclear translocation. Lastly, our results showed that FMN treatment attenuates Aβ25-35-induced adhesion of THP-1 cell to endothelial cell monolayer. Collectively, these findings suggest that FMN attenuates Aβ25-35-induced activation in human brain microvascular endothelial cells, which at least in part was mediated through Nrf2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Fan
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Tianjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yanqiu Jia
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxi Song
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China.
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11
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Shi Q, Zheng YY, Wang L, Xue YD, Yang YL. Curcumin suppresses neuroinflammation to protect neurons by preventing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. EUR J INFLAMM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/20587392211058615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain like receptors protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated interleukin (IL)-1β secretion plays an important role in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Curcumin has been shown to improve cognitive impairment and learning ability of AD mice by reducing IL-1β secretion. However, its exact mechanism of action remains unclear. In the present study, we explored the relationship between the neuroprotective effect of curcumin and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Methods BV2 cells were primed with 500 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 4 h and subsequently treated with 50 μM Aβ25-35 for 24 h or pretreated with 2.5–10 μM curcumin for 4 h and exposed to 50 μM Aβ25-35 for 24 h. The effects of curcumin and Aβ25-35 were assessed by the CCK8 assay. ELISA was used for the detection of IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in the supernatant of the cell culture medium. The viability of SH-SY5Y cells, which were incubated with conditioned medium (CM) was assessed using the CCK8 assay. The percentage of apoptotic SH-SY5Y cells incubated with CM was assessed using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining flow cytometry analysis. The expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β were observed by western blot and immunofluorescence staining analyses; the mRNA levels of nlrp3, caspase-1 and IL-1β were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Results Low (2.5 μM), medium (5 μM), and high (10 μM) concentrations of curcumin and 50 μM Aβ25-35 were used to perform the experiments in the present study. Curcumin attenuated the IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α release and increased SH-SY5Y cell activity, while decreasing the apoptotic percentage of SH-SY5Y cells using Aβ25-35 for cell stimulation ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, curcumin inhibited the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β and nlrp3 in BV-2 cells ( p < 0.05), However, curcumin did not affect the expression levels of caspase-1 and IL-1β ( p > 0.05) Conclusion Overall, the data indicated that curcumin is a promising neuroprotective agent for suppressing neuroinflammation by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, China
| | | | - Le Wang
- Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, China
| | - Yi-dong Xue
- Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, China
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12
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Anwar H, Rasul A, Iqbal J, Ahmad N, Imran A, Malik SA, Ijaz F, Akram R, Maqbool J, Sajid F, Sun T, Hussain G, Manzoor MF. Dietary biomolecules as promising regenerative agents for peripheral nerve injury: An emerging nutraceutical-based therapeutic approach. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13989. [PMID: 34719796 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve damage is a debilitating condition that can result in partial or complete functional loss as a result of axonal degeneration, as well as lifelong dependence. Many therapies have been imbued with a plethora of positive features while posing little risks. It is worth noting that these biomolecules work by activating several intrinsic pathways that are known to be important in peripheral nerve regeneration. Although the underlying mechanism is used for accurate and speedy functional recovery, none of them are without side effects. As a result, it is believed that effective therapy is currently lacking. The dietary biomolecules-based intervention, among other ways, is appealing, safe, and effective. Upregulation of transcription factors, neurotrophic factors, and growth factors such as NGF, GDNF, BDNF, and CTNF may occur as a result of these substances' dietary intake. Upregulation of the signaling pathways ERK, JNK, p38, and PKA has also been seen, which aids in axonal regeneration. Although several mechanistic approaches to understanding their involvement have been suggested, more work is needed to reveal the amazing properties of these biomolecules. We have discussed in this article that how different dietary biomolecules can help with functional recovery and regeneration after an injury. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Based on the information known to date, we may conclude that treatment techniques for peripheral nerve injury have downsides, such as complications, donor shortages, adverse effects, unaffordability, and a lack of precision in efficacy. These difficulties cast doubt on their efficacy and raise severe concerns about the prescription. In this situation, the need for safe and effective therapeutic techniques is unavoidable, and dietary biomolecules appear to be a safe, cost-efficient, and effective way to promote nerve regeneration following an injury. The information on these biomolecules has been summarized here. Upregulation of transcription factors, neurotrophic factors, and growth factors, such as NGF, GDNF, BDNF, and CTNF, as well as the ERK, JNK, p38, and PKA, signaling pathways, may stimulate axonal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Anwar
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Neurology, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Imran
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Ahmad Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Fazeela Ijaz
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Akram
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Javeria Maqbool
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faiqa Sajid
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tao Sun
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Multiple-Coated PLGA Nanoparticles Loading Triptolide Attenuate Injury of a Cellular Model of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8825640. [PMID: 33708996 PMCID: PMC7932791 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8825640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, which is associated with extracellular deposition of amyloid-β proteins (Aβ). It has been reported that triptolide (TP), an immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agent extracted from a Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii, shows potential neuroprotective effects pertinent to AD. However, the clinical use of TP for AD could be hampered due to its high toxicity, instability, poor water solubility, and nonspecific biodistribution after administration. In this paper, we reported a kind of multiple-coated PLGA nanoparticle with the entrapment of TP and surface coated by chitosan hydrochloride, Tween-80, PEG20000, and borneol/mentholum eutectic mixture (MC-PLGA-TP-NP) as a novel nasal brain targeting preparation for the first time. The obtained MC-PLGA-TP-NP was 147.5 ± 20.7 nm with PDI of 0.263 ± 0.075, zeta potential of 14.62 ± 2.47 mV, and the entrapment efficiency and loading efficiency of 93.14% ± 4.75% and 1.17 ± 0.08%, respectively. In comparison of TP, MC-PLGA-TP-NP showed sustained-release profile and better transcellular permeability to Caco-2 cells in vitro. In addition, our data showed that MC-PLGA-TP-NP remarkably reduced the cytotoxicity, attenuated the oxidative stress, and inhibited the increase of the intracellular Ca2+ influx in differentiated PC12 cells induced by Aβ1-42. Therefore, it can be concluded that MC-PLGA-TP-NP is a promising preparation of TP, which exerts a better neuroprotective activity in the AD cellular model.
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14
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Liang X, Chen B, Wang P, Ge Y, Malhotra DK, Dworkin LD, Liu Z, Gong R. Triptolide potentiates the cytoskeleton-stabilizing activity of cyclosporine A in glomerular podocytes via a GSK3β dependent mechanism. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:800-812. [PMID: 32269713 PMCID: PMC7137037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. (TwHF) is a traditional Chinese herb and has a broad spectrum of biological functions including immunosuppression and anti-inflammatory effects. When used in combination with other standard of care medications, such as glucocorticoids and calcineurin inhibitors like cyclosporine A, for treating glomerular diseases, TwHF demonstrates a remarkable dose-sparing effect, the molecular mechanism for which remains largely unknown. In an in vitro model of podocytopathy elicited by a diabetic milieu, triptolide, the major active component of TwHF, at low doses, potentiated the beneficial effect of cyclosporine A, and protected podocytes against diabetic milieu-elicited injury, mitigated cytoskeleton derangement, and preserved podocyte filtration barrier function, entailing a synergistic cytoskeleton-preserving and podocyte protective effect of triptolide and cyclosporine A. Mechanistically, inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β, a key molecule recently implicated as a convergence point of podocytopathic pathways, is likely required for the synergistic effect of triptolide and cyclosporine A on podocyte protection, because the synergistic effect was largely blunted in cells expressing the constitutively active GSK3β. Ergo, a synergistic podocyte cytoskeleton-stabilizing mechanism seems to underlie the cyclosporine A-sparing effect of triptolide in glomerulopathies. Combined triptolide and cyclosporine A therapy at reduced doses may be an invaluable regimen for treating diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Liang
- Blood Purification Center, Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of MedicineProvidence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Bohan Chen
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of MedicineProvidence, Rhode Island, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of MedicineToledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of MedicineProvidence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Yan Ge
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of MedicineProvidence, Rhode Island, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of MedicineToledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Deepak K Malhotra
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of MedicineToledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Lance D Dworkin
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of MedicineProvidence, Rhode Island, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of MedicineToledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Blood Purification Center, Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Rujun Gong
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of MedicineProvidence, Rhode Island, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of MedicineToledo, Ohio, USA
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Song L, Yao L, Zhang L, Piao Z, Lu Y. Schizandrol A protects against Aβ 1-42-induced autophagy via activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in SH-SY5Y cells and primary hippocampal neurons. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1739-1752. [PMID: 31900522 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01792-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, a lysosomal degradative pathway, is crucial for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Schizandrol A (SchA) shows multiple pharmacological effects. However, the potential effects and mechanisms of SchA on amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced autophagy remain unclear. In this study, differentiated SH-SY5Y cells or primary hippocampal neurons were pretreated with SchA (2 μg/ml) for 1 h before subjected to Aβ1-42 (10 μM) for 24 h to test its effects on cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and autophagy. Then an mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin) and a PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) were employed to explore the role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The results showed that SchA significantly inhibited Aβ1-42-triggered reduction of viable cells, increases of apoptotic cell number and pro-apoptotic protein expressions, as well as alterations of oxidative stress markers. In addition, the increases of LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin-1 and decrease of p62 were suppressed by SchA. At the molecular level, we found that the inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was ameliorated by SchA. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway deteriorated the protective effects of SchA against Aβ1-42-induced autophagy activation, cell death, and apoptosis. In conclusion, we demonstrate that SchA attenuates Aβ1-42-induced autophagy through activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. SchA may be a novel drug for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Song
- School of Life Sciences, Huizhou University, 46 Yanda Avenue, Huizhou, 516007, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lifen Yao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Limei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Huizhou, Huizhou, 516002, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Piao
- Department of Neurology, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Huizhou, 516002, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichan Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Dalian Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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16
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Yuan K, Li X, Lu Q, Zhu Q, Jiang H, Wang T, Huang G, Xu A. Application and Mechanisms of Triptolide in the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases-A Review. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1469. [PMID: 31866868 PMCID: PMC6908995 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds from medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects have been emerging as important sources of drugs for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Triptolide, a diterpene triepoxide, is a pharmacologically active compound isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) that is used as a remedy for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. As the most promising bioactive compound obtained from TwHF, triptolide has attracted considerable interest recently, especially for its potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities. Over the past few years, an increasing number of studies have been published emphasizing the value of triptolide in the treatment of diverse inflammatory disorders. Here, we systematically review the mechanism of action and the therapeutic properties of triptolide in various inflammatory diseases according to different systematic organs, including lupus nephritis, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis with pubmed and Embase. Based on this review, potential research strategies might contribute to the clinical application of triptolide in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyi Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haixu Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guangrui Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Anlong Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Wei YM, Luan ZH, Liu BW, Wang YH, Chang YX, Xue HQ, Ren JH. Autophagy in Triptolide-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Hepatic Cells. Int J Toxicol 2019; 38:436-444. [PMID: 31342801 DOI: 10.1177/1091581819864518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide is a major active ingredient isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. However, its use in clinical practice is limited due to its severe hepatotoxicity. Autophagy, a highly conserved intracellular process, is essential for maintaining cytoplasmic homeostasis. Considering that abnormalities in autophagy are closely associated with drug-mediated hepatotoxicity, we applied human normal liver HL7702 cells to elucidate the roles of autophagy in triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity. Our study revealed that triptolide was cytotoxic to HL7702 cells. It markedly increased autophagosome formation and expression of autophagy-related proteins, namely Beclin1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3II, and induced oxidative stress. These proautophagic effects were counteracted by pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine, a reactive oxygen species scavenger. Moreover, the pharmacological suppression of autophagy further exacerbated triptolide-elicited decrease in cell viability, increase in lactate dehydrogenase leakage, and activation of apoptosis proteases (caspase 3 and caspase 9). Our findings suggest that triptolide-induced oxidative stress consequently enhances autophagic activity, and autophagy is a cytoprotective mechanism against triptolide-induced cytotoxicity in HL7702 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ming Wei
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Hua Luan
- Experimental Management Centre, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi Wang Liu
- Experimental Management Centre, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Hui Wang
- Experimental Management Centre, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Xia Chang
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Qing Xue
- Experimental Management Centre, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Hong Ren
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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18
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Zhang Z, Zhang S, Lui CNP, Zhu P, Zhang Z, Lin K, Dai Y, Yung KKL. Traditional Chinese medicine-based neurorestorative therapy for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. JOURNAL OF NEURORESTORATOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.26599/jnr.2019.9040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), has been dramatically increasing, particularly in the aging population. However, the currently available therapies merely alleviate the symptoms of these diseases and are unable to retard disease progression significantly. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used in clinical practice for thousands of years for ameliorating symptoms or interfering with the pathogenesis of aging- associated diseases. Modern pharmacological studies have proved that TCM imparts disease-modifying therapeutic effects against these diseases, such as protection of neurons, clearance of protein aggregates, and regulation of neuroinflammation. This review summarizes the evidence from recent studies on AD and PD therapies regarding the neuroprotective activities and molecular mechanisms of a series of TCM formulations comprising herbs and their active ingredients. The findings of this review support the use of TCM as an alternative source of therapy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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19
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Abstract
As a major active component extracted from traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, triptolide exhibits multiple pharmacological effects. Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved intracellular catabolic process involved in cytoplasmic materials degradation. Autophagic dysfunction contributes to the pathologies of many human diseases, which makes it a promising therapeutic target. Recent studies have shown that triptolide exerts neuroprotection, anti-tumor activities, organ toxicity, and podocyte protection by modulating autophagy. This article highlights the current information on triptolide-modulated autophagy, analyzes the possible pathways involved, and describes the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis modulated by triptolide, in hope of providing implications for the roles of autophagy in pharmacological effects of triptolide and expanding its novel usage as an autophagy modulator.
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Search of Neuroprotective Polyphenols Using the "Overlay" Isolation Method. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081840. [PMID: 30042342 PMCID: PMC6222604 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies of the neuroprotective activity of polyphenols have used ununiform culture systems, making it difficult to compare their neuroprotective potency. We have established a new and simple method for preparing differentiated PC12 cells by removing the toxic coating step. Cells were induced to differentiate with the nerve growth factor (NGF) in a serum-free medium, without a medium change, but with a one-time overlay supplementation of NGF. The optimal inoculation density of the cells was 6–12 × 103 cells/cm2, and the presence of serum inhibited the differentiation. Neuroprotective activity could be quantified by the specific index (SI) value, that is, the ratio of the 50% cytotoxic concentration to the 50% effective concentration. Alkaline extract from the leaves of Sasa senanensis Rehder (SE), having had hormetic growth stimulation, showed the highest SI value, followed by epigallocatechin gallate. The SI value of curcumin and resveratrol was much lower. This simple overly method, that can prepare massive differentiated neuronal cells, may be applicable for the study of the differentiation-associated changes in intracellular metabolites, and the interaction between neuronal cells and physiological factors.
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SAKAGAMI HIROSHI, HARA YAEKO, SHI HAIXIA, IWAMA SOICHI, NAKAGAWA MIKA, SUZUKI HAYATO, TANAKA KENTA, ABE TOMOYUKI, TAMURA NOBUAKI, TAKESHIMA HIROSHI, HORIE NORIO, KANEKO TAKAHIRO, SHIRATSUCHI HIROSHI, KANEKO TADAYOSHI. Change in Anticancer Drug Sensitivity During Neuronal Differentiation of PC12 Cells. In Vivo 2018; 32. [PMID: 29936457 PMCID: PMC6117783 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Although there are many reports of anticancer drug-induced neurotoxicity, most previous data have been derived from neuronal cell models grown in a variety of culture conditions. This has prevented accurate assessment of the potency of their neurotoxicity and of changes in drug sensitivity of neuronal cells during differentiation. In this study, a simple neuronal differentiation induction system was established and the relative potency of neurotoxicity of eight anticancer drugs was compared during neuronal cell differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat PC12 cells were induced to differentiate into neuronal cells by 50 ng/ml nerve growth factor in serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, followed by overlay of fresh nutrients at day 3, without medium change. Cell viability was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. RESULTS During differentiation, PC12 cells became 1.1-to more than 10,000-fold resistant to anticancer drugs. Topoisomerase inhibitors (doxorubicin, SN-38, etoposide) were the most toxic to differentiated PC12 cells, followed by docetaxel, gefitinib, melphalan, 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate. Docetaxel showed the highest cytotoxicity against undifferentiated PC12 cells, but its cytotoxicity was dramatically reduced during differentiation. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated considerable variation in the neurotoxicity of anticancer drugs during the cell differentiation process. The present simple assay system may be useful to search for neuroprotective substances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - YAEKO HARA
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - HAIXIA SHI
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiatong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - SOICHI IWAMA
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - MIKA NAKAGAWA
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - HAYATO SUZUKI
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - KENTA TANAKA
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - TOMOYUKI ABE
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | - NORIO HORIE
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - TAKAHIRO KANEKO
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - HIROSHI SHIRATSUCHI
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - TADAYOSHI KANEKO
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Sakagami H, Hara Y, Shi H, Iwama S, Nakagawa M, Suzuki H, Tanaka K, Abe T, Tamura N, Takeshima H, Horie N, Kaneko T, Shiratsuchi H, Kaneko T. Change in Anticancer Drug Sensitivity During Neuronal Differentiation of PC12 Cells. In Vivo 2018; 32:765-770. [PMID: 29936457 PMCID: PMC6117783 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Although there are many reports of anticancer drug-induced neurotoxicity, most previous data have been derived from neuronal cell models grown in a variety of culture conditions. This has prevented accurate assessment of the potency of their neurotoxicity and of changes in drug sensitivity of neuronal cells during differentiation. In this study, a simple neuronal differentiation induction system was established and the relative potency of neurotoxicity of eight anticancer drugs was compared during neuronal cell differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat PC12 cells were induced to differentiate into neuronal cells by 50 ng/ml nerve growth factor in serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, followed by overlay of fresh nutrients at day 3, without medium change. Cell viability was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. RESULTS During differentiation, PC12 cells became 1.1-to more than 10,000-fold resistant to anticancer drugs. Topoisomerase inhibitors (doxorubicin, SN-38, etoposide) were the most toxic to differentiated PC12 cells, followed by docetaxel, gefitinib, melphalan, 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate. Docetaxel showed the highest cytotoxicity against undifferentiated PC12 cells, but its cytotoxicity was dramatically reduced during differentiation. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated considerable variation in the neurotoxicity of anticancer drugs during the cell differentiation process. The present simple assay system may be useful to search for neuroprotective substances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaeko Hara
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haixia Shi
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiatong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Soichi Iwama
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mika Nakagawa
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hayato Suzuki
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenta Tanaka
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Abe
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | - Norio Horie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kaneko
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiratsuchi
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Kaneko
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhao L, Zhu L, Guo X. Valproic acid attenuates Aβ 25-35-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells through suppression of mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:77-82. [PMID: 29957469 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of the present study was to identify the protective role of valproic acid (VPA) against β-amyloid protein fragment 25-35 (Aβ25-35)-caused neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Different doses of VPA was added to cultures of differentiated PC12 cells, 1 h before Aβ25-35. We found that VPA effectively prevented Aβ25-35-stimulated cytotoxicity through attenuating apoptosis and increasing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in PC12 cells. VPA also significantly inhibited the generation of ROS induced by Aβ25-35 in PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, VPA significantly alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction through improvement of mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibition of cytochrome c release, and promotion of mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Furthermore, VPA treatment reduced the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and attenuated the activation of NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, our results suggested that VPA might serve as a novel protective agent against Aβ25-35-induced cytotoxicity in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Department of Neurology, No.1 People's Hospital of Jining City, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Laiqing Zhu
- Department of Neurology, No.1 People's Hospital of Jining City, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoqian Guo
- Department of Neurology, No.1 People's Hospital of Jining City, Jining, Shandong, China.
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Feng X, Lu J, He Z, Wang Y, Qi F, Pi R, Zhang G. Mycobacterium smegmatis Induces Neurite Outgrowth and Differentiation in an Autophagy-Independent Manner in PC12 and C17.2 Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:201. [PMID: 29988402 PMCID: PMC6024096 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Both pathogenic and non-pathogenic Mycobacteria can induce the differentiation of immune cells into dendritic cells (DC) or DC-like cells. In addition, pathogenic Mycobacteria is found to stimulate cell differentiation in the nerves system. Whether non-pathogenic Mycobacteria interacts with nerve cells remains unknown. In this study, we found that co-incubation with fast-growing Mycobacteria smegmatis induced neuron-like morphological changes of PC12 and C17.2 cells. Moreover, the M. smegmatis culture supernatant which was ultrafiltrated through a membrane with a 10 kDa cut-off, induced neurite outgrowth and differentiation in an autophagy-independent pathway in PC12 and C17.2 cells. Further analysis showed that IFN-γ production and activation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were involved in the neural differentiation. In conclusion, our finding demonstrated that non-pathogenic M. smegmatis was able to promote neuronal differentiation by its extracellular proteins, which might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Feng
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zitian He
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yidan Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of McCormick Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Fangfang Qi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongbiao Pi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Jaafaru MS, Nordin N, Shaari K, Rosli R, Abdull Razis AF. Isothiocyanate from Moringa oleifera seeds mitigates hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity and preserved morphological features of human neuronal cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196403. [PMID: 29723199 PMCID: PMC5933767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are well known for induction of oxidative stress conditions through oxidation of vital biomarkers leading to cellular death via apoptosis and other process, thereby causing devastative effects on the host organs. This effect is believed to be linked with pathological alterations seen in several neurodegenerative disease conditions. Many phytochemical compounds proved to have robust antioxidant activities that deterred cells against cytotoxic stress environment, thus protect apoptotic cell death. In view of that we studied the potential of glucomoringin-isothiocyanate (GMG-ITC) or moringin to mitigate the process that lead to neurodegeneration in various ways. Neuroprotective effect of GMG-ITC was performed on retinoic acid (RA) induced differentiated neuroblastoma cells (SHSY5Y) via cell viability assay, flow cytometry analysis and fluorescence microscopy by means of acridine orange and propidium iodide double staining, to evaluate the anti-apoptotic activity and morphology conservation ability of the compound. Additionally, neurite surface integrity and ultrastructural analysis were carried out by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy to assess the orientation of surface and internal features of the treated neuronal cells. GMG-ITC pre-treated neuron cells showed significant resistance to H2O2-induced apoptotic cell death, revealing high level of protection by the compound. Increase of intracellular oxidative stress induced by H2O2 was mitigated by GMG-ITC. Thus, pre-treatment with the compound conferred significant protection to cytoskeleton and cytoplasmic inclusion coupled with conservation of surface morphological features and general integrity of neuronal cells. Therefore, the collective findings in the presence study indicated the potentials of GMG-ITC to protect the integrity of neuron cells against induced oxidative-stress related cytotoxic processes, the hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sani Jaafaru
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaduna State University, Main Campus, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Product, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Rosli
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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Chen SR, Dai Y, Zhao J, Lin L, Wang Y, Wang Y. A Mechanistic Overview of Triptolide and Celastrol, Natural Products from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:104. [PMID: 29491837 PMCID: PMC5817256 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide and celastrol are predominantly active natural products isolated from the medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. These compounds exhibit similar pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic activities. Triptolide and celastrol also provide neuroprotection and prevent cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, toxicity restricts the further development of triptolide and celastrol. In this review, we comprehensively review therapeutic targets and mechanisms of action, and translational study of triptolide and celastrol. We systemically discuss the structure-activity-relationship of triptolide, celastrol, and their derivatives. Furthermore, we propose the use of structural derivatives, targeted therapy, and combination treatment as possible solutions to reduce toxicity and increase therapeutic window of these potent natural products from T. wilfordii Hook F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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27
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Ting HC, Chang CY, Lu KY, Chuang HM, Tsai SF, Huang MH, Liu CA, Lin SZ, Harn HJ. Targeting Cellular Stress Mechanisms and Metabolic Homeostasis by Chinese Herbal Drugs for Neuroprotection. Molecules 2018; 23:E259. [PMID: 29382106 PMCID: PMC6017457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine has been practiced for centuries in East Asia. Herbs are used to maintain health and cure disease. Certain Chinese herbs are known to protect and improve the brain, memory, and nervous system. To apply ancient knowledge to modern science, some major natural therapeutic compounds in herbs were extracted and evaluated in recent decades. Emerging studies have shown that herbal compounds have neuroprotective effects or can ameliorate neurodegenerative diseases. To understand the mechanisms of herbal compounds that protect against neurodegenerative diseases, we summarize studies that discovered neuroprotection by herbal compounds and compound-related mechanisms in neurodegenerative disease models. Those compounds discussed herein show neuroprotection through different mechanisms, such as cytokine regulation, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, glucose metabolism, and synaptic function. The interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α signaling pathways are inhibited by some compounds, thus attenuating the inflammatory response and protecting neurons from cell death. As to autophagy regulation, herbal compounds show opposite regulatory effects in different neurodegenerative models. Herbal compounds that inhibit ER stress prevent neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, there are compounds that protect against neuronal death by affecting glucose metabolism and synaptic function. Since the progression of neurodegenerative diseases is complicated, and compound-related mechanisms for neuroprotection differ, therapeutic strategies may need to involve multiple compounds and consider the type and stage of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chien Ting
- Bio-innovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (C.-Y.C.); (K.-Y.L.); (H.-M.C.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-A.L.)
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Bio-innovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (C.-Y.C.); (K.-Y.L.); (H.-M.C.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-A.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yun Lu
- Bio-innovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (C.-Y.C.); (K.-Y.L.); (H.-M.C.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-A.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Meng Chuang
- Bio-innovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (C.-Y.C.); (K.-Y.L.); (H.-M.C.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-A.L.)
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Mao-Hsuan Huang
- Bio-innovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (C.-Y.C.); (K.-Y.L.); (H.-M.C.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-A.L.)
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Ann Liu
- Bio-innovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (C.-Y.C.); (K.-Y.L.); (H.-M.C.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-A.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bio-innovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (C.-Y.C.); (K.-Y.L.); (H.-M.C.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-A.L.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Bio-innovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-C.T.); (C.-Y.C.); (K.-Y.L.); (H.-M.C.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-A.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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Sakagami H, Suzuki R, Shirataki Y, Iwama S, Nakagawa M, Suzuki H, Tanaka K, Tamura N, Takeshima H. Re-evaluation of Culture Condition of PC12 and SH-SY5Y Cells Based on Growth Rate and Amino Acid Consumption. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 31:1089-1095. [PMID: 29102930 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Most of the previous investigators have used various types of media for the culture of nerve cells. In order to optimize the culture conditions, we compared the growth rate and amino acid consumption by two popular neuron models, rat PC12 and human SH-SY5Y, grown in DMEM or DMEM: Ham's F-12 (1:1): non-essential amino acids, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (referred to DMEM and Mix, respectively). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell growth was monitored by the MTT method. Amino acids in the culture medium were quantitated by amino acid analysis after deproteinization. RESULTS Efficient cell attachment could be achieved even if PC12 cells were inoculated at extreme lower cell density in a non-coated plain dish, without addition of its condition medium. Both PC12 and SH-SY5Y cells proliferated up to slightly higher cell density in DMEM than in Mix. Approximately 2-fold higher utilization rate of glutamine and essential amino acids was observed in DMEM. Amyloid peptides such as Aβ1-42 and Aβ25-35 suppressed their growth nearly by 50%. CONCLUSION The present study suggests the usefulness of DMEM for the study of searching neuroprotective substances, based on its favorable effects on cell attachment, cell growth and amino acid utilization as well as amyloid peptide sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sakagami
- Meikai University Research Institute of Odontology (M-RIO), Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shirataki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Soichi Iwama
- Division of Geriatric Dentistry. Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mika Nakagawa
- Division of Geriatric Dentistry. Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hayato Suzuki
- Division of Geriatric Dentistry. Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenta Tanaka
- Division of Geriatric Dentistry. Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Tamura
- Division of Geriatric Dentistry. Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeshima
- Division of Geriatric Dentistry. Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
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Liu SP, Wang GD, Du XJ, Wan G, Wu JT, Miao LB, Liang QD. Triptolide inhibits the function of TNF-α in osteoblast differentiation by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2235-2240. [PMID: 28962148 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation often delays fracture healing or leads to bone nonunion. Effectively suppressing pathological inflammation is crucial for fracture healing or bone remodeling. Triptolide, which is a diterpenoid epoxide, is the major active component of the Thunder God Vine, Tripterygium wilfordii. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of triptolide in osteoblast differentiation and explore the molecular mechanisms of triptolide in fracture healing. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was used to evaluate osteoblast differentiation. ALP activity was measured via histochemical staining and western blotting was used to determine the expression of factors associated with inflammation. C2C12 cells were initially treated with 200 ng/ml bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 alone for 3 days, which caused a significant increase in ALP activity (P<0.01). However, treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α significantly decreased the ALP activity (P<0.05). Notably, treatment with the chronic inflammatory cytokine TNF-α significantly decreased the effect of BMP-2 in C2C12 cells compared with BMP-2 treatment alone (P<0.01). C2C12 cells were treated with increasing concentrations of BMP-2 or TNF-α for 3 days. The results demonstrated that TNF-α treatment significantly inhibited BMP-2-induced osteoblast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). The role of triptolide in BMP-2-induced osteoblast differentiation was also examined. Cells were treated with BMP-2, BMP-2 + TNF-α alone, or BMP2 + TNF-α with increasing concentrations of triptolide (4, 8 or 16 ng/ml). After 3 days, the results of ALP activity revealed that triptolide significantly reversed the TNF-α-associated inhibition of osteoblast differentiation (P<0.01). Western blotting analysis demonstrated that triptolide markedly inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB, therefore suppressing the effects of TNF-α. In summary, triptolide is able to reverse the TNF-α-associated suppression of osteoblast differentiation, suggesting that triptolide treatment may have a positive effect on bone remodeling and fracture repairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Peng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Jun Du
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Guang Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Tao Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Bao Miao
- Department of Orthopedics, Huaxian People's Hospital of Henan Province, Anyang, Henan 456400, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Dong Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
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Zeng Z, Xu J, Zheng W. Artemisinin protects PC12 cells against β-amyloid-induced apoptosis through activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Redox Biol 2017; 12:625-633. [PMID: 28391183 PMCID: PMC5385605 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence displays that an abnormal deposition of amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ) is the primary cause of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). And therefore the elimination of Aβ is regarded as an important strategy for AD treatment. The discovery of drug candidates using culture neuronal cells against Aβ peptide toxicity is believed to be an effective approach to develop drug for the treatment of AD patients. We have previously showed that artemisinin, a FDA-approved anti-malaria drug, has neuroprotective effects recently. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects and potential mechanism of artemisinin in protecting neuronal PC12 cells from toxicity of β amyloid peptide. Our studies revealed that artemisinin, in clinical relevant concentration, protected and rescued PC12 cells from Aβ25–35-induced cell death. Further study showed that artemisinin significantly ameliorated cell death due to Aβ25–35 insult by restoring abnormal changes in nuclear morphology, lactate dehydrogenase, intracellular ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential and activity of apoptotic caspase. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that artemisinin activated extracellular regulated kinase ERK1/2 but not Akt survival signaling. Consistent with the role of ERK1/2, preincubation of cells with ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor PD98059 blocked the effect of artemisinin while PI3K inhibitor LY294002 has no effect. Moreover, Aβ1-42 also caused cells death of PC12 cells while artemisinin suppressed Aβ1-42 cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. Taken together, these results, at the first time, suggest that artemisinin is a potential protectant against β amyloid insult through activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. Our finding provides a potential application of artemisinin in prevention and treatment of AD. β-amyloid induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Artemisinin protected PC12 cells against β-amyloid-induced apoptosis. Artemisinin activated ERK1/2 signaling pathway in PC12 cells. Artemisinin protected PC12 cells against β-amyloid toxicity by ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Zeng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Jinying Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
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Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are a group of intractable diseases that significantly affect human health. To date, the pathogenesis of NDDs is still poorly understood and effective disease-modifying therapies for NDDs have not been established. NDDs share the common morphological characteristic of the deposition of abnormal proteins in the nervous system, including neurons. Autophagy is one of the major processes by which damaged organelles and abnormal proteins are removed from cells. Impairment of autophagy has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of NDDs, and the regulation of autophagy may become a therapeutic strategy for NDDs. In recent years, some active compounds from plants have been found to regulate autophagy and exert neuroprotection against NDDs, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, spinocerebellar ataxia 3, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, via activating autophagy. In this paper, we review recent advances in the use of active ingredients from plants for the regulation of autophagy and treatment of NDDs.
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