1
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van Dijk LJA, Fisher BL, Miraldo A, Goodsell RM, Iwaszkiewicz-Eggebrecht E, Raharinjanahary D, Rajoelison ET, Łukasik P, Andersson AF, Ronquist F, Roslin T, Tack AJM. Temperature and water availability drive insect seasonality across a temperate and a tropical region. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240090. [PMID: 38889793 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The more insects there are, the more food there is for insectivores and the higher the likelihood for insect-associated ecosystem services. Yet, we lack insights into the drivers of insect biomass over space and seasons, for both tropical and temperate zones. We used 245 Malaise traps, managed by 191 volunteers and park guards, to characterize year-round flying insect biomass in a temperate (Sweden) and a tropical (Madagascar) country. Surprisingly, we found that local insect biomass was similar across zones. In Sweden, local insect biomass increased with accumulated heat and varied across habitats, while biomass in Madagascar was unrelated to the environmental predictors measured. Drivers behind seasonality partly converged: In both countries, the seasonality of insect biomass differed between warmer and colder sites, and wetter and drier sites. In Sweden, short-term deviations from expected season-specific biomass were explained by week-to-week fluctuations in accumulated heat, rainfall and soil moisture, whereas in Madagascar, weeks with higher soil moisture had higher insect biomass. Overall, our study identifies key drivers of the seasonal distribution of flying insect biomass in a temperate and a tropical climate. This knowledge is key to understanding the spatial and seasonal availability of insects-as well as predicting future scenarios of insect biomass change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J A van Dijk
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden
| | - Brian L Fisher
- Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
- Madagascar Biodiversity Center, Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Andreia Miraldo
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden
| | - Robert M Goodsell
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden
| | | | - Dimby Raharinjanahary
- Madagascar Biodiversity Center, Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | | | - Piotr Łukasik
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anders F Andersson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 171 21, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Ronquist
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ayco J M Tack
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Seymour M, Roslin T, deWaard JR, Perez KHJ, D'Souza ML, Ratnasingham S, Ashfaq M, Levesque-Beaudin V, Blagoev GA, Bukowski B, Cale P, Crosbie D, Decaëns T, deWaard SL, Ekrem T, El-Ansary HO, Evouna Ondo F, Fraser D, Geiger MF, Hajibabaei M, Hallwachs W, Hanisch PE, Hausmann A, Heath M, Hogg ID, Janzen DH, Kinnaird M, Kohn JR, Larrivée M, Lees DC, León-Règagnon V, Liddell M, Lijtmaer DA, Lipinskaya T, Locke SA, Manjunath R, Martins DJ, Martins MB, Mazumdar S, McKeown JTA, Anderson-Teixeria K, Miller SE, Milton MA, Miskie R, Morinière J, Mutanen M, Naik S, Nichols B, Noguera FA, Novotny V, Penev L, Pentinsaari M, Quinn J, Ramsay L, Rochefort R, Schmidt S, Smith MA, Sobel CN, Somervuo P, Sones JE, Staude HS, St Jaques B, Stur E, Telfer AC, Tubaro PL, Wardlaw TJ, Worcester R, Yang Z, Young MR, Zemlak T, Zakharov EV, Zlotnick B, Ovaskainen O, Hebert PDN. Global arthropod beta-diversity is spatially and temporally structured by latitude. Commun Biol 2024; 7:552. [PMID: 38720028 PMCID: PMC11078949 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Global biodiversity gradients are generally expected to reflect greater species replacement closer to the equator. However, empirical validation of global biodiversity gradients largely relies on vertebrates, plants, and other less diverse taxa. Here we assess the temporal and spatial dynamics of global arthropod biodiversity dynamics using a beta-diversity framework. Sampling includes 129 sampling sites whereby malaise traps are deployed to monitor temporal changes in arthropod communities. Overall, we encountered more than 150,000 unique barcode index numbers (BINs) (i.e. species proxies). We assess between site differences in community diversity using beta-diversity and the partitioned components of species replacement and richness difference. Global total beta-diversity (dissimilarity) increases with decreasing latitude, greater spatial distance and greater temporal distance. Species replacement and richness difference patterns vary across biogeographic regions. Our findings support long-standing, general expectations of global biodiversity patterns. However, we also show that the underlying processes driving patterns may be regionally linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Seymour
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Ulls väg 18B, Uppsala, 75651, Sweden
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Jeremy R deWaard
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kate H J Perez
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle L D'Souza
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Gergin A Blagoev
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Belén Bukowski
- División Ornitología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (MACN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Peter Cale
- Australian Landscape Trust, Renmark, SA, SA5341, Australia
| | | | - Thibaud Decaëns
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Torbjørn Ekrem
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NO-7491, Norway
| | - Hosam O El-Ansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fidèle Evouna Ondo
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, Departement de la Recherche Scientifique, Libreville, Gabon
| | - David Fraser
- BC Conservation Data Centre, Ministry of Environment, Box 9338, Station Prov Govt, Victoria, BC, V8W 9M1, Canada
| | - Matthias F Geiger
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig Bonn, Adenauerallee 160, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mehrdad Hajibabaei
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Winnie Hallwachs
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Priscila E Hanisch
- División Ornitología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (MACN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter - University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Axel Hausmann
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ian D Hogg
- Canadian High Arctic Research Station, Polar Knowledge Canada, Cambridge Bay, NU, Canada
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Daniel H Janzen
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Joshua R Kohn
- Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Maxim Larrivée
- Insectarium, Montréal Space for Life, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David C Lees
- Department of Science, Natural History Museum, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia León-Règagnon
- Estación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 21, C.P, 48980, San Patricio, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Michael Liddell
- Centre for Tropical, Environmental, and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Darío A Lijtmaer
- División Ornitología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (MACN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tatsiana Lipinskaya
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology, Scientific and Practical Center for Bioresources, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sean A Locke
- Departamento de Biología, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, 00680, Puerto Rico
| | - Ramya Manjunath
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Dino J Martins
- Mpala Research Centre and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Marlúcia B Martins
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Invertebrados, Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Avenida Perimetral 1901, Terra Firma, CEP, 66077 530, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Santosh Mazumdar
- Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, 4331, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Jaclyn T A McKeown
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Scott E Miller
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, WA, USA
| | - Megan A Milton
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Renee Miskie
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Marko Mutanen
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Suresh Naik
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Becky Nichols
- US National Park Service, 1316 Cherokee Orchard Road, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Gatlinburg, TN, USA
| | - Felipe A Noguera
- Estación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 21, C.P, 48980, San Patricio, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lyubomir Penev
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mikko Pentinsaari
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jenna Quinn
- Rare Charitable Research Reserve, Cambridge, ON, Canada
| | - Leah Ramsay
- BC Conservation Data Centre, Ministry of Environment, Box 9338, Station Prov Govt, Victoria, BC, V8W 9M1, Canada
| | - Regina Rochefort
- North Cascades National Park Service Complex, 810 State Route 20, Sedro-Woolley, WA, 98284, USA
| | - Stefan Schmidt
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Munich, Germany
| | - M Alex Smith
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Crystal N Sobel
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Panu Somervuo
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Jayme E Sones
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Brianne St Jaques
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Stur
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NO-7491, Norway
| | - Angela C Telfer
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Pablo L Tubaro
- División Ornitología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" (MACN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tim J Wardlaw
- ARC Centre for Forest Values, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Robyn Worcester
- Stanley Park Ecology Society, P.O. Box 5167, Vancouver, BC, V6B 4B2, Canada
| | - Zhaofu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Entomological Museum, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Monica R Young
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tyler Zemlak
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Evgeny V Zakharov
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (Survontie 9C), FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Paul D N Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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3
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Hoenle PO, Plowman NS, Matos-Maraví P, de Bello F, Bishop TR, Libra M, Idigel C, Rimandai M, Klimes P. Forest disturbance increases functional diversity but decreases phylogenetic diversity of an arboreal tropical ant community. J Anim Ecol 2024; 93:501-516. [PMID: 38409804 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Tropical rainforest trees host a diverse arthropod fauna that can be characterised by their functional diversity (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD). Human disturbance degrades tropical forests, often coinciding with species invasion and altered assembly that leads to a decrease in FD and PD. Tree canopies are thought to be particularly vulnerable, but rarely investigated. Here, we studied the effects of forest disturbance on an ecologically important invertebrate group, the ants, in a lowland rainforest in New Guinea. We compared an early successional disturbed plot (secondary forest) to an old-growth plot (primary forest) by exhaustively sampling their ant communities in a total of 852 trees. We expected that for each tree community (1) disturbance would decrease FD and PD in tree-dwelling ants, mediated through species invasion. (2) Disturbance would decrease ant trait variation due to a more homogeneous environment. (3) The main drivers behind these changes would be different contributions of true tree-nesting species and visiting species. We calculated FD and PD based on a species-level phylogeny and 10 ecomorphological traits. Furthermore, we assessed by data exclusion the influence of species, which were not nesting in individual trees (visitors) or only nesting species (nesters), and of non-native species on FD and PD. Primary forests had higher ant species richness and PD than secondary forest. However, we consistently found increased FD in secondary forest. This pattern was robust even if we decoupled functional and phylogenetic signals, or if non-native ant species were excluded from the data. Visitors did not contribute strongly to FD, but they increased PD and their community weighted trait means often varied from nesters. Moreover, all community-weighted trait means changed after forest disturbance. Our finding of contradictory FD and PD patterns highlights the importance of integrative measures of diversity. Our results indicate that the tree community trait diversity is not negatively affected, but possibly even enhanced by disturbance. Therefore, the functional diversity of arboreal ants is relatively robust when compared between old-growth and young trees. However, further study with higher plot-replication is necessary to solidify and generalise our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp O Hoenle
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Nichola S Plowman
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pável Matos-Maraví
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CSIC-UV-GV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Tom R Bishop
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Martin Libra
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Cliffson Idigel
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Maling Rimandai
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Petr Klimes
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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4
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Demolin-Leite GL, Veloso RVS, Azevedo AM, Silva JL, Silva LF, Guanabens PFS, Gomes JB, Pereira WR, Silva RS, Zanuncio JC. Sucking insects and their predators on tree canopies of a monocultural stand of Caryocar brasiliense. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e253598. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.253598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) trees are widely distributed throughout the Cerrado ecosystem. The fruits of C. brasiliense trees are used by humans for food and as the main income source in many communities. C. brasiliense conservation is seriously threatened due to habitat loss caused by the land-use change. Sucking insects constitute an important ecological driver that potentially impact C. brasiliense survival in degraded environments. In addition, insects sampling methodologies for application in studies related to the conservation of C. brasiliense are poorly developed. In this study, sucking insects (Hemiptera) and their predators were recorded in three vertical strata of Caryocar brasiliense canopies. The distribution of sucking species showed vertical stratification along the canopy structure of C. brasiliense. The basal part of the canopy had the highest numbers of sucking insects Aphis gossypii (Glover 1877) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Bemisia tabaci (Genn. 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and their predators Chrysoperla sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), spiders (Araneae), and Zelus armillatus (Lep. & Servi., 1825) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Predators' distribution follows the resource availability and preferred C. brasiliense tree parts with a higher abundance of prey.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. V. S. Veloso
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri UFVJM, Brasil
| | | | - J. L. Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - L. F. Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - J. B. Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - R. S. Silva
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri UFVJM, Brasil
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5
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Chimeno C, Schmidt S, Cancian de Araujo B, Perez K, von Rintelen T, Schmidt O, Hamid H, Pramesa Narakusumo R, Balke M. Abundant, diverse, unknown: Extreme species richness and turnover despite drastic undersampling in two closely placed tropical Malaise traps. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290173. [PMID: 37585425 PMCID: PMC10431641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthropods account for a large proportion of animal biomass and diversity in terrestrial systems, making them crucial organisms in our environments. However, still too little is known about the highly abundant and megadiverse groups that often make up the bulk of collected samples, especially in the tropics. With molecular identification techniques ever more evolving, analysis of arthropod communities has accelerated. In our study, which was conducted within the Global Malaise trap Program (GMP) framework, we operated two closely placed Malaise traps in Padang, Sumatra, for three months. We analyzed the samples by DNA barcoding and sequenced a total of more than 70,000 insect specimens. For sequence clustering, we applied three different delimitation techniques, namely RESL, ASAP, and SpeciesIdentifier, which gave similar results. Despite our (very) limited sampling in time and space, our efforts recovered more than 10,000 BINs, of which the majority are associated with "dark taxa". Further analysis indicates a drastic undersampling of both sampling sites, meaning that the true arthropod diversity at our sampling sites is even higher. Regardless of the close proximity of both Malaise traps (< 360 m), we discovered significantly distinct communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Schmidt
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-ZSM), Munich, Germany
| | - Bruno Cancian de Araujo
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-ZSM), Munich, Germany
- Entomological Biodiversity Laboratory, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Kate Perez
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas von Rintelen
- Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Museum für Naturkunde—Leibniz-Institut fur Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Schmidt
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-ZSM), Munich, Germany
| | - Hasmiandy Hamid
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Raden Pramesa Narakusumo
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Michael Balke
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-ZSM), Munich, Germany
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6
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Chimeno C, Schmidt S, Hamid H, Narakusumo RP, Peggie D, Balke M, Cancian de Araujo B. DNA barcoding data release for the Phoridae (Insecta, Diptera) of the Halimun-Salak National Park (Java, Indonesia). Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e104942. [PMID: 37448693 PMCID: PMC10336553 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e104942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Launched in 2015, the large-scale initiative Indonesian Biodiversity Discovery and Information System (IndoBioSys) is a multidisciplinary German-Indonesian collaboration with the main goal of establishing a standardised framework for species discovery and all associated steps. One aspect of the project includes the application of DNA barcoding for species identification and biodiversity assessments. In this framework, we conducted a large-scale assessment of the insect fauna of the Mount Halimun-Salak National Park which is one of the largest tropical rain-forest ecosystems left in West Java. In this study, we present the results of processing 5,034 specimens of Phoridae (scuttle flies) via DNA barcoding. Despite limited sequencing success, we obtained more than 500 clusters using different algorithms (RESL, ASAP, SpeciesIdentifier). Moreover, Chao statistics indicated that we drastically undersampled all trap sites, implying that the true diversity of Phoridae is, in fact, much higher. With this data release, we hope to shed some light on the hidden diversity of this megadiverse group of flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Chimeno
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, München, GermanySNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung MünchenMünchenGermany
| | - Stefan Schmidt
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, München, GermanySNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung MünchenMünchenGermany
| | - Hasmiandy Hamid
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas, Padang, IndonesiaDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas AndalasPadangIndonesia
| | - Raden Pramesa Narakusumo
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, IndonesiaMuseum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)CibinongIndonesia
| | - Djunijanti Peggie
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, IndonesiaMuseum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)CibinongIndonesia
| | - Michael Balke
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, München, GermanySNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung MünchenMünchenGermany
| | - Bruno Cancian de Araujo
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, München, GermanySNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung MünchenMünchenGermany
- LaBI-UFES, Laboratório de Biodiversidade de Insetos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, BrazilLaBI-UFES, Laboratório de Biodiversidade de Insetos, Universidade Federal do Espírito SantoVitóriaBrazil
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7
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Santos V, Costa-Vera C, Rivera-Parra P, Burneo S, Molina J, Encalada D, Salvador J, Brydegaard M. Dual-Band Infrared Scheimpflug Lidar Reveals Insect Activity in a Tropical Cloud Forest. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2023:37028231169302. [PMID: 37072925 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231169302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe an entomological dual-band 808 and 980 nm lidar system which has been implemented in a tropical cloud forest (Ecuador). The system was successfully tested at a sample rate of 5 kHz in a cloud forest during challenging foggy conditions (extinction coefficients up to 20 km-1). At times, the backscattered signal could be retrieved from a distance of 2.929 km. We present insect and bat observations up to 200 m during a single night with an emphasis on fog aspects, potentials, and benefits of such dual-band systems. We demonstrate that the modulation contrast between insects and fog is high in the frequency domain compared to intensity in the time domain, thus allowing for better identification and quantification in misty forests. Oscillatory lidar extinction effects are shown in this work for the first time, caused by the combination of dense fog and large moths partially obstructing the beam. We demonstrate here an interesting case of a moth where left- and right-wing movements induced oscillations in both intensity and pixel spread. In addition, we were able to identify the dorsal and ventral sides of the wings by estimating the corresponding melanization with the dual-band lidar. We demonstrate that the wing beat trajectories in the dual-band parameter space are complementary rather than covarying or redundant, thus a dual-band entomological lidar approach to biodiversity studies is feasible in situ and endows species specificity differentiation. Future improvements are discussed. The introduction of these methodologies opens the door to a wealth of possible experiments to monitor, understand, and safeguard the biological resources of one of the most biodiverse countries on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Santos
- Departmento de Física, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito
| | | | | | | | - Juan Molina
- Departmento de Física, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito
| | - Diana Encalada
- Departmento de Economía, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Loja, Ecuador
| | | | - Mikkel Brydegaard
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Norsk Elektro Optikk AS, Oslo, Norway
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8
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Hoenle PO, Staab M, Donoso DA, Argoti A, Blüthgen N. Stratification and recovery time jointly shape ant functional reassembly in a neotropical forest. J Anim Ecol 2023. [PMID: 36748273 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microhabitat differentiation of species communities such as vertical stratification in tropical forests contributes to species coexistence and thus biodiversity. However, little is known about how the extent of stratification changes during forest recovery and influences community reassembly. Environmental filtering determines community reassembly in time (succession) and in space (stratification), hence functional and phylogenetic composition of species communities are highly dynamic. It is poorly understood if and how these two concurrent filters-forest recovery and stratification-interact. In a tropical forest chronosequence in Ecuador spanning 34 years of natural recovery, we investigated the recovery trajectory of ant communities in three overlapping strata (ground, leaf litter, lower tree trunk) by quantifying 13 traits, as well as the functional and phylogenetic diversity of the ants. We expected that functional and phylogenetic diversity would increase with recovery time and that each ant community within each stratum would show a distinct functional reassembly. We predicted that traits related to ant diet would show divergent trajectories reflecting an increase in niche differentiation with recovery time. On the other hand, traits related to the abiotic environment were predicted to show convergent trajectories due to a more similar microclimate across strata with increasing recovery age. Most of the functional traits and the phylogenetic diversity of the ants were clearly stratified, confirming previous findings. However, neither functional nor phylogenetic diversity increased with recovery time. Community-weighted trait means had complex relationships to recovery time and the majority were shaped by a statistical interaction between recovery time and stratum, confirming our expectations. However, most trait trajectories converged among strata with increasing recovery time regardless of whether they were related to ant diet or environmental conditions. We confirm the hypothesized interaction among environmental filters during the functional reassembly in tropical forests. Communities in individual strata respond differently to recovery, and possible filter mechanisms likely arise from both abiotic (e.g. microclimate) and biotic (e.g. diet) conditions. Since vertical stratification is prevalent across animal and plant taxa, our results highlight the importance of stratum-specific analysis in dynamic ecosystems and may generalize beyond ants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp O Hoenle
- Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.,Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Staab
- Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - David A Donoso
- Departamento de Biología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador.,Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Adriana Argoti
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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9
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Climatic variation along the distributional range in Cuban Anolis lizards: species and ecomorphs under future scenarios of climate change. Glob Ecol Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
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10
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Basham EW, Baecher JA, Klinges DH, Scheffers BR. Vertical stratification patterns of tropical forest vertebrates: a meta-analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:99-114. [PMID: 36073113 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests harbour the highest levels of terrestrial biodiversity and represent some of the most complex ecosystems on Earth, with a significant portion of this diversity above ground. Although the vertical dimension is a central aspect of the ecology of forest communities, there is little consensus as to prominence, evenness, and consistency of community-level stratification from ground to canopy. Here, we gather the results of 62 studies across the tropics to synthesise and assess broad patterns of vertical stratification of abundance and richness in vertebrates, the best studied taxonomic group for which results have not been collated previously. Our review of the literature yielded sufficient data for bats, small mammals, birds and amphibians. We show that variation in the stratification of abundance and richness exists within and among all taxa considered. Bat richness stratification was variable among studies, although bat abundance was weighted towards the canopy. Both bird richness and abundance stratification were variable, with no overriding pattern. On the contrary, both amphibians and small mammals showed consistent patterns of decline in abundance and richness towards the canopy. We descriptively characterise research trends in drivers of stratification cited or investigated within studies, finding local habitat structure and food distribution/foraging to be the most commonly attributed drivers. Further, we analyse the influence of macroecological variables on stratification patterns, finding latitude and elevation to be key predictors of bird stratification in particular. Prominent differences among taxa are likely due to taxon-specific interactions with local drivers such as vertical habitat structure, food distribution, and vertical climate gradients, which may vary considerably across macroecological gradients such as elevation and biogeographic realm. Our study showcases the complexity with which animal communities organise within tropical forest ecosystems, while demonstrating the canopy as a critical niche space for tropical vertebrates, thereby highlighting the inherent vulnerability of tropical vertebrate communities to forest loss and canopy disturbance. We recognise that analyses were constrained due to variation in study designs and methods which produced a variety of abundance and richness metrics recorded across different arrangements of vertical strata. We therefore suggest the application of best practices for data reporting and highlight the significant effort required to fill research gaps in terms of under-sampled regions, taxa, and environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund W Basham
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, 103 Black Hall, PO Box 116455, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - J Alex Baecher
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, 103 Black Hall, PO Box 116455, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - David H Klinges
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, 103 Black Hall, PO Box 116455, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Brett R Scheffers
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, 103 Black Hall, PO Box 116455, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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11
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Almeida RPS, Teresa FB, Camarota F, Izzo TJ, Silva RR, Andrade-Silva J, de Arruda FV. The role of morphological traits in predicting the functional ecology of arboreal and ground ants in the Cerrado-Amazon transition. Oecologia 2023; 201:199-212. [PMID: 36520222 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There is often a vertical stratification of the vegetation in tropical forests, where each forest stratum has a unique set of environmental conditions, including marked differences in habitat heterogeneity, physical complexity, and microclimate. Additionally, many tropical forests are highly seasonal, and we need to consider the temporal variation in environmental conditions when assessing the functional aspects of their organisms. Here, we tested the hypothesis that vertical stratification and seasonality shape tropical ants' functional ecology and that there are differences in the functional trait diversity and composition between arboreal and ground-dwelling ant communities. We collected ants in the arboreal and ground strata in the rainy and dry seasons in six different areas, measuring seven morphological traits to characterize their functional ecology and diversity. Irrespective of the season, we found a distinct functional composition between arboreal and ground-dwelling ants and a higher functional richness on the ground. However, ground ants were more functionally redundant than arboreal ants. The differences in functional richness and redundancy between ant inhabiting strata and season could also be observed in the community-weighted mean traits: arboreal and ground ant traits can be distinguished in Weber's length, mandible length, eye length, and eye position on the head capsule. The differences in these functional traits are mainly related to the ants' feeding habits and the complexity of their foraging substrates. Overall, by providing the first systematic comparison of continuous traits between arboreal and ground-dwelling ants, our study opens new investigation paths, indicating important axes of functional diversification of tropical ants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony P S Almeida
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Ecologia Funcional de Formigas (AntMor), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Fabrício B Teresa
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus Central, Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Flávio Camarota
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Junqueira Izzo
- Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Rogério R Silva
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Ecologia Funcional de Formigas (AntMor), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Joudellys Andrade-Silva
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Ecologia Funcional de Formigas (AntMor), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Filipe Viegas de Arruda
- Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia (IPAM), Asa Norte Comércio Local Norte 211 BL B Sala 201-Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70863-520, Brazil
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12
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Mawan A, Hartke TR, Deharveng L, Zhang F, Buchori D, Scheu S, Drescher J. Response of arboreal Collembola communities to the conversion of lowland rainforest into rubber and oil palm plantations. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:144. [DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In the last decades, Southeast Asia has experienced massive conversion of rainforest into rubber and oil palm monoculture plantations. The effects of this land-use change on canopy arthropods are still largely unknown. Arboreal Collembola are among the most abundant canopy arthropods in tropical forests, potentially forming a major component of the canopy food web by contributing to the decomposition of arboreal litter and being an important prey for canopy arthropod predators. We investigated abundance, richness, and community composition of, as well as the influence of a series of environmental factors on, canopy Collembola communities in four land-use systems in Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia: (1) lowland rainforest, (2) jungle rubber (rubber agroforest), and monoculture plantations of (3) rubber and (4) oil palm.
Results
Using canopy fogging in 32 research plots in both the dry and rainy seasons in 2013, we collected 77,104 specimens belonging to 68 (morpho) species. Generally, Collembola communities were dominated by few species including two species of the genus Salina (Paronellidae; 34% of total individuals) and two species of Lepidocyrtinae (Entomobryidae; 20%). The abundance of Collembola in lowland rainforest (53.4 ± 30.7 ind. m−2) was more than five times higher than in rubber plantations, and more than ten times higher than in oil palm plantations; abundances in jungle rubber were intermediate. Collembola species richness was highest in rainforest (18.06 ± 3.60 species) and jungle rubber (16.88 ± 2.33 species), more than twice that in rubber or oil palm. Collembola community composition was similar in rainforest and jungle rubber, but different from monoculture plantations which had similar Collembola community composition to each other. The environmental factors governing community composition differed between the land-use systems and varied between seasons.
Conclusions
Overall, this is the first in-depth report on the structure of arboreal Collembola communities in lowland rainforest and agricultural replacement systems in Southeast Asia. The results highlight the potentially major consequences of land-use change for the functioning of arboreal arthropod food webs.
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13
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Hernández-Ortiz V, Dzul-Cauich JF, Madora M, Coates R. Local Climate Conditions Shape the Seasonal Patterns of the Diptera Community in a Tropical Rainforest of the Americas. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:499-513. [PMID: 35575877 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Insect life cycles are short-term and therefore sensitive to immediate changes triggered by climate, vegetation structure, or land use management; hence, the insect populations shape the communities and functional relationships in tropical forests. In this study, we hypothesized that seasonal variations of the dipteran families respond in different ways to changes of weather conditions, thereby affecting their population dynamics. In a one-hectare plot, we surveyed the fly community inhabiting the understory of a Neotropical rainforest. Over a yearly cycle, we used three Malaise traps operated continuously for 365 days and recorded a total of 68,465 fly specimens belonging to 48 families of Diptera, 15 of which were most abundant, accounting for 99.2% of all sampled individuals. The results of the trapping frequency indices (TFIs) exhibited significant population fluctuations in 12 of the 15 most abundant families, which were particularly correlated with temperature or precipitation. Based on such variations, we identified four seasonal patterns as follows: (i) Spring-Autumn bimodal pattern (Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, Phoridae, Stratiomyidae); (ii) Spring pattern (Mycetophilidae, Dolichopodidae, Ceratopogonidae); (iii) Autumn pattern (Chironomidae, Psychodidae); (iv) Winter pattern (Empididae, Tipulidae, Ditomyiidae). From a functional perspective, we found the prevalence of families with saprophagous larvae, in addition to phytophagous, fungivores, and predacious. Our results suggest a key role played by the Diptera community on structuring the functional clusters, both in terms of taxonomic composition and on seasonal shifts of abundance, thus influencing the dynamic processes of nutrient cycling in the understory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José F Dzul-Cauich
- Red de Interacciones Multitróficas, Instituto de Ecología A.C. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Martha Madora
- Estación de Biología Tropical Los Tuxtlas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Veracruz, San Andrés Tuxtla, Mexico
| | - Rosamond Coates
- Estación de Biología Tropical Los Tuxtlas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Veracruz, San Andrés Tuxtla, Mexico
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14
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Xing S, Hood ASC, Dial RJ, Fayle TM. Species turnover in ant assemblages is greater horizontally than vertically in the world's tallest tropical forest. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9158. [PMID: 35919394 PMCID: PMC9336171 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic factors structure species assembly in ecosystems both horizontally and vertically. However, the way community composition changes along comparable horizontal and vertical distances in complex three‐dimensional habitats, and the factors driving these patterns, remains poorly understood. By sampling ant assemblages at comparable vertical and horizontal spatial scales in a tropical rainforest, we tested hypotheses that predicted differences in vertical and horizontal turnover explained by different drivers in vertical and horizontal space. These drivers included environmental filtering, such as microclimate (temperature, humidity, and photosynthetic photon flux density) and microhabitat connectivity (leaf area), which are structured differently across vertical and horizontal space. We found that both ant abundance and richness decreased significantly with increasing vertical height. Although the dissimilarity between ant assemblages increased with vertical distance, indicating a clear distance‐decay pattern, the dissimilarity was higher horizontally where it appeared independent of distance. The pronounced horizontal and vertical structuring of ant assemblages across short distances is likely explained by a combination of microclimate and microhabitat connectivity. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering three‐dimensional spatial variation in local assemblages and reveal how highly diverse communities can be supported by complex habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Xing
- School of Ecology Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou P. R. China
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Amelia S. C. Hood
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK
| | - Roman J. Dial
- Institute of Culture and Environment Alaska Pacific University Anchorage Alaska USA
| | - Tom M. Fayle
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences Queen Mary University of London London UK
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15
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Large, old trees define the vertical, horizontal, and seasonal distributions of a poison frog. Oecologia 2022; 199:257-269. [PMID: 35112173 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In tropical forests, large, old trees (LOTs) can be considered keystone structures for provisioning unique habitats such as decaying wood, roots, cavities, and epiphytes, including those that hold water (phytotelmata). These habitats may also be stratified in vertical space, for example, root structures occur at ground level and below, whereas epiphytes occur above-ground. Canopy habitat is utilized by a diversity of amphibians, but canopy habitat may only be viable in the wet season when epiphytes and surfaces are sufficiently saturated. Here, we examine how the provisioning of microhabitats and structures by LOTs influence the horizontal, vertical, and seasonal distribution patterns of phytotelmata-breeding poison frogs. We conducted ground-to-canopy surveys over 4 years, constituting 6 seasons, in Panama and used mark-recapture techniques on a population of the yellow-bellied poison frog, Andinobates fulguritus. We found that A. fulguritus migrated vertically, tracking seasonal rainfall, and displayed strong philopatry to individual trees. Furthermore, A. fulguritus almost exclusively inhabited the largest trees at the study location, which provided disproportionately high-quality microhabitats and epiphytes compared to other trees. LOTs, and specifically Anacardium excelsum at our site, appear to serve as keystone structures with high conservation value due to their provisioning of unique habitats. We conclude that the distribution of A. fulguritus is defined vertically by the stratification of arboreal microhabitat resources, horizontally by the presence of LOTs providing the resources, and temporally by the seasonal viability of the resources.
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16
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de Souza Amorim D, Brown BV, Boscolo D, Ale-Rocha R, Alvarez-Garcia DM, Balbi MIPA, de Marco Barbosa A, Capellari RS, de Carvalho CJB, Couri MS, de Vilhena Perez Dios R, Fachin DA, Ferro GB, Flores HF, Frare LM, Gudin FM, Hauser M, Lamas CJE, Lindsay KG, Marinho MAT, Marques DWA, Marshall SA, Mello-Patiu C, Menezes MA, Morales MN, Nihei SS, Oliveira SS, Pirani G, Ribeiro GC, Riccardi PR, de Santis MD, Santos D, Dos Santos JR, Silva VC, Wood EM, Rafael JA. Vertical stratification of insect abundance and species richness in an Amazonian tropical forest. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1734. [PMID: 35110598 PMCID: PMC8810858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical forests are among the most biodiverse biomes on the planet. Nevertheless, quantifying the abundance and species richness within megadiverse groups is a significant challenge. We designed a study to address this challenge by documenting the variability of the insect fauna across a vertical canopy gradient in a Central Amazonian tropical forest. Insects were sampled over two weeks using 6-m Gressitt-style Malaise traps set at five heights (0 m–32 m–8 m intervals) on a metal tower in a tropical forest north of Manaus, Brazil. The traps contained 37,778 specimens of 18 orders of insects. Using simulation approaches and nonparametric analyses, we interpreted the abundance and richness of insects along this gradient. Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Coleoptera had their greatest abundance at the ground level, whereas Lepidoptera and Hemiptera were more abundant in the upper levels of the canopy. We identified species of 38 of the 56 families of Diptera, finding that 527 out of 856 species (61.6%) were not sampled at the ground level. Mycetophilidae, Tipulidae, and Phoridae were significantly more diverse and/or abundant at the ground level, while Tachinidae, Dolichopodidae, and Lauxaniidae were more diverse or abundant at upper levels. Our study suggests the need for a careful discussion of strategies of tropical forest conservation based on a much more complete understanding of the three-dimensional distribution of its insect diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton de Souza Amorim
- Entomology Grad Program, Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Brian V Brown
- Urban Nature Research Center and Entomology Section, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Danilo Boscolo
- Entomology Grad Program, Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosaly Ale-Rocha
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Isabel P A Balbi
- Entomology Grad Program, Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alan de Marco Barbosa
- Entomology Grad Program, Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcia Souto Couri
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Aguilar Fachin
- Entomology Grad Program, Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Heloísa Fernandes Flores
- Entomology Grad Program, Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Livia Maria Frare
- Entomology Grad Program, Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Filipe Macedo Gudin
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Martin Hauser
- Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Kate G Lindsay
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Marco Antonio Tonus Marinho
- Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cátia Mello-Patiu
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Mírian Nunes Morales
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Silvio S Nihei
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sarah Siqueira Oliveira
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Goiás, Goiás, GO, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Pirani
- Entomology Grad Program, Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Raille Riccardi
- Entomology Grad Program, Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Daubian Santos
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Vera Cristina Silva
- Entomology Grad Program, Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eric Matthew Wood
- California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Ornithology Section, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - José Albertino Rafael
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil
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17
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Erasmy M, Leuschner C, Balkenhol N, Dietz M. Three-dimensional stratification pattern in an old-growth lowland forest: How does height in canopy and season influence temperate bat activity? Ecol Evol 2021; 11:17273-17288. [PMID: 34938507 PMCID: PMC8668798 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of animal-habitat interactions is of primary importance for the formulation of conservation recommendations. Flying, gliding, and climbing animals have the ability to exploit their habitat in a three-dimensional way, and the vertical canopy structure in forests plays an essential role for habitat suitability. Forest bats as flying mammals may seasonally shift their microhabitat use due to differing energy demands or changing prey availability, but the patterns are not well understood. We investigated three-dimensional and seasonal habitat use by insectivorous bats in a temperate lowland old-growth forest, the Belovezhskaya Pushcha in Belarus. We acoustically sampled broadleaved and mixed coniferous plots in the forest interior and in gaps in three heights during two reproductive periods (pregnancy/lactation vs. postlactation). In canopy gaps, vertical stratification in bat activity was less pronounced than in the forest interior. Vertical activity patterns differed among species. The upper canopy levels were important foraging habitats for the open-space forager guild and for some edge-space foragers like the Barbastelle bat Barbastella barbastellus and the soprano pipistrelle Pipistrellus pygmaeus. Myotis species had highest activity levels near the ground in forest gaps. Moreover, we found species-dependent seasonal microhabitat shifts. Generally, all species and species groups considered except Myotis species showed higher activity levels during postlactation. Myotis species tended toward higher activity in the forest interior during postlactation. P. pygmaeus switched from high activity levels in the upper canopy during pregnancy and lactation to high activity levels near the ground during postlactation. We conclude that a full comprehension of forest bat habitat use is only possible when height in canopy and seasonal patterns are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Erasmy
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems ResearchAlbrecht‐von‐Haller Institute for Plant SciencesUniversity of GoettingenGoettingenGermany
| | - Christoph Leuschner
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems ResearchAlbrecht‐von‐Haller Institute for Plant SciencesUniversity of GoettingenGoettingenGermany
| | - Niko Balkenhol
- Wildlife SciencesFaculty of Forest SciencesUniversity of GoettingenGoettingenGermany
| | - Markus Dietz
- Institute for Animal Ecology and Nature EducationLaubachGermany
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18
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Leponce M, Corbara B, Delabie JH, Orivel J, Aberlenc HP, Bail J, Barrios H, Campos RI, do Nascimento IC, Compin A, Didham RK, Floren A, Medianero E, Ribeiro SP, Roisin Y, Schmidl J, Tishechkin AK, Winchester NN, Basset Y, Dejean A. Spatial and functional structure of an entire ant assemblage in a lowland Panamanian rainforest. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Yeo D, Srivathsan A, Puniamoorthy J, Maosheng F, Grootaert P, Chan L, Guénard B, Damken C, Wahab RA, Yuchen A, Meier R. Mangroves are an overlooked hotspot of insect diversity despite low plant diversity. BMC Biol 2021; 19:202. [PMID: 34521395 PMCID: PMC8442405 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The world's fast disappearing mangrove forests have low plant diversity and are often assumed to also have a species-poor insect fauna. We here compare the tropical arthropod fauna across a freshwater swamp and six different forest types (rain-, swamp, dry-coastal, urban, freshwater swamp, mangroves) based on 140,000 barcoded specimens belonging to ca. 8500 species. RESULTS We find that the globally imperiled habitat "mangroves" is an overlooked hotspot for insect diversity. Our study reveals a species-rich mangrove insect fauna (>3000 species in Singapore alone) that is distinct (>50% of species are mangrove-specific) and has high species turnover across Southeast and East Asia. For most habitats, plant diversity is a good predictor of insect diversity, but mangroves are an exception and compensate for a comparatively low number of phytophagous and fungivorous insect species by supporting an unusually rich community of predators whose larvae feed in the productive mudflats. For the remaining tropical habitats, the insect communities have diversity patterns that are largely congruent across guilds. CONCLUSIONS The discovery of such a sizeable and distinct insect fauna in a globally threatened habitat underlines how little is known about global insect biodiversity. We here show how such knowledge gaps can be closed quickly with new cost-effective NGS barcoding techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science 8 Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Amrita Srivathsan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science 8 Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jayanthi Puniamoorthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science 8 Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Foo Maosheng
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, 2 Conservatory Drive, Singapore, 117377, Singapore
| | - Patrick Grootaert
- National Biodiversity Centre, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lena Chan
- International Biodiversity Conservation Division, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Benoit Guénard
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Claas Damken
- Institute for Biodiversity and Environmental Research, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Universiti, BE1410, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Rodzay A Wahab
- Institute for Biodiversity and Environmental Research, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Universiti, BE1410, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Ang Yuchen
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, 2 Conservatory Drive, Singapore, 117377, Singapore
| | - Rudolf Meier
- Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin, 10115, Germany.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science 8 Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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20
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Richter A, Nakamura G, Agra Iserhard C, da Silva Duarte L. The hidden side of diversity: Effects of imperfect detection on multiple dimensions of biodiversity. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:12508-12519. [PMID: 34594516 PMCID: PMC8462181 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on ecological communities often address patterns of species distribution and abundance, but few consider uncertainty in counts of both species and individuals when computing diversity measures.We evaluated the extent to which imperfect detection may influence patterns of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity in ecological communities.We estimated the true abundance of fruit-feeding butterflies sampled in canopy and understory strata in a subtropical forest. We compared the diversity values calculated by observed and estimated abundance data through the hidden diversity framework. This framework evaluates the deviation of observed diversity when compared with diversities derived from estimated true abundances and whether such deviation represents a bias or a noise in the observed diversity pattern.The hidden diversity values differed between strata for all diversity measures, except for functional richness. The taxonomic measure was the only one where we observed an inversion of the most diverse stratum when imperfect detection was included. Regarding phylogenetic and functional measures, the strata showed distinct responses to imperfect detection, despite the tendency to overestimate observed diversity. While the understory showed noise for the phylogenetic measure, since the observed pattern was maintained, the canopy had biased diversity for the functional metric. This bias occurred since no significant differences were found between strata for observed diversity, but rather for estimated diversity, with the canopy being more clustered.We demonstrate that ignore imperfect detection may lead to unrealistic estimates of diversity and hence to erroneous interpretations of patterns and processes that structure biological communities. For fruit-feeding butterflies, according to their phylogenetic position or functional traits, the undetected individuals triggered different responses in the relationship of the diversity measures to the environmental factor. This highlights the importance to evaluate and include the uncertainty in species detectability before calculating biodiversity measures to describe communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Richter
- Departamento de EcologiaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Gabriel Nakamura
- Departamento de BiologiaUniversidade Federal do CearáFortalezaBrazil
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21
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Soil-litter ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) community response to reforested lands of Gishwati tropical montane forest, northern-western part of Rwanda. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467421000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRecently, human activities have impacted biodiversity-rich forest in western Rwanda, creating a need to enhance restoration activities of degraded lands in the region. To evaluate the effects of reforestation activities on the community composition of soil-litter ants, research was conducted in Gishwati tropical montane forest, located in northern-western part of Rwanda. The ant fauna was studied in reforested lands dominated by regenerated native species and exotic tree species. Further, a primary forest made of native trees served as a reference. In each forest type, nine sampling points were used to sample ants. Ant specimens were collected using pitfalls, hand sampling and Winkler extractor. They were identified to subfamilies, genus and species levels using dichotomous keys, and also statistically analysed for species richness, diversity, evenness and community composition. We collected a total of 2,481 individuals from 5 subfamilies, 18 genera and 35 species. Higher abundance, diversity and species richness were found in soil-litter under natural primary and secondary forests dominated by regenerated native plant species compared to exotic tree forest. The ant community composition analysis indicated higher similarities in ant species sampled under primary native forest and secondary forest dominated by regenerated native species. Reforestation by regenerating native species may be given priority in restoration of degraded lands due to their importance in species richness and species diversity.
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22
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Abdul Rahman IL, Yap S, Goh TG, Toh KX, Yee QQH, Puniamoorthy N. Vertical stratification of dung beetles in young secondary forests of Singapore. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean Yap
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Thary Gazi Goh
- Science Faculty Institute of Biological Sciences University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Kai Xin Toh
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Qian Qi Hillary Yee
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Nalini Puniamoorthy
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
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23
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Antoniazzi R, Camarota F, Leponce M, Dáttilo W. Discovery-defense strategy as a mechanism of social foraging of ants in tropical rainforest canopies. Behav Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the coexistence of ants sharing similar food resources, including ecological trade-offs, however, these hypotheses have mostly been tested in ground-dwelling ant communities. For instance, the discovery-dominance trade-off hypothesis states that species with overlapping food resources differ in their ability to find and dominate resources. However, ant species may use different strategies to share food resources, including discovery-defense, in which the first species to arrive at a food resource maintains control of it. Here, we evaluated whether the discovery-dominance trade-off hypothesis, or the discovery-defense strategy could be a mechanism that promotes coexistence of ant species in the canopy of highly diverse tropical forest canopies. We evaluated the succession of ant species on 72 baits exposed on 24 trees during 13 observation periods (15–195 min) in the canopy of a tropical rain forest in Mexico. In general, we observed little variation in ant species composition (i.e., low β-diversity values) during the 195 min of bait exposure. Moreover, we found that ant species with the greatest ability to discover new food resources were those that dominated them. These findings empirically show that the discovery-defense strategy can be a social foraging strategy in rain forest canopy ants and reject the discovery-dominance trade-off. In short, our results highlight the importance of the discovery of a food resource in the canopy of a tropical rain forest, allowing it to be dominated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuber Antoniazzi
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, Col. El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Flávio Camarota
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maurice Leponce
- Biodiversity Monitoring and Assessment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, Brussels, Belgium
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, Col. El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
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24
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Chmel K, Kamga SM, Awa T, Ewome FL, Uceda‐Gómez G, Hořák D, Mlíkovský J, Molua LL, Riegert J, Janeček Š. Vertical stratification and seasonal changes of the avian community in Mount Cameroon lowland rainforest. Afr J Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kryštof Chmel
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Praha 2 Czech Republic
- Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Solange Mekuate Kamga
- Laboratory of Applied Biology and Ecology Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon
| | - Taku Awa
- Laboratory of Applied Biology and Ecology Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon
| | | | | | - David Hořák
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Mlíkovský
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Riegert
- Department of Zoology Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Janeček
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Praha 2 Czech Republic
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25
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26
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Neves FS, Antoniazzi R, Camarota F, Pacelhe FT, Powell S. Spatiotemporal dynamics of the ant community in a dry forest differ by vertical strata but not by successional stage. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederico S. Neves
- Departamento de Genética Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Reuber Antoniazzi
- Red de Ecoetología Instituto de Ecología A.C. Xalapa, Veracruz Mexico
| | - Flávio Camarota
- Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal de Viçosa Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University Washington DC USA
| | - Fábio T. Pacelhe
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Scott Powell
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University Washington DC USA
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27
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Distance–decay patterns differ between canopy and ground ant assemblages in a tropical rainforest. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467420000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBoth decreases in compositional similarity with increasing geographic distances between sites (i.e. distance–decay relationship) and vertical stratification of species composition are key issues in ecology. However, the intersection between these two trends has scarcely been investigated. Here we use identical sampling methods in the canopy and at ground level in a tropical rainforest remnant on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico to evaluate, for the first time, a distance–decay relationship within vertical strata in insect assemblages. We found that the ant assemblage was vertically stratified; ant species richness was higher at ground level than in the canopy, and the species composition differed between the two vertical strata. Moreover, we observed that β-diversity increased with geographic distance at ground level, but not in the canopy strata. However, contrary to our prediction, there was less species turnover (lower β-diversity) between vertical strata than between trees. These findings may reflect differences in the dispersal capacity and nest habit of ants from each vertical stratum, and also habitat heterogeneity on the horizontal scale, e.g. the species of sampled trees. Our results illustrate the importance of sampling more than one vertical stratum to understand the spatial distribution patterns of biological diversity in tropical rainforests.
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28
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Klinges DH, Scheffers BR. Microgeography, Not Just Latitude, Drives Climate Overlap on Mountains from Tropical to Polar Ecosystems. Am Nat 2021; 197:75-92. [PMID: 33417520 DOI: 10.1086/711873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAn extension of the climate variability hypothesis is that relatively stable climate, such as that of the tropics, induces distinct thermal bands across elevation that render dispersal over tropical mountains difficult compared with temperate mountains. Yet ecosystems are not thermally static in space-time, especially at small scales, which might render some mountains greater thermal isolators than others. Here we provide an extensive investigation of temperature drivers from fine to coarse scales, and we demonstrate that the degree of similarity in temperatures at high and low elevations on mountains is driven by more than just absolute mountain height and latitude. We compiled a database of 29 mountains spanning six continents to characterize thermal overlap by vertically stratified microhabitats and biomes and owing to seasonal changes in foliage, demonstrating via mixed effects modeling that micro- and mesogeography more strongly influence thermal overlap than macrogeography. Impressively, an increase of 1 m of vertical microhabitat height generates an increase in overlap equivalent to a 5.26° change in latitude. In addition, forested mountains have reduced thermal overlap-149% lower-relative to nonforested mountains. We provide evidence in support of a climate hypothesis that emphasizes microgeography as a determinant of dispersal, demographics, and behavior, thereby refining the classical theory of macroclimate variability as a prominent driver of biogeography.
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29
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Nunes CA, Castro FS, Brant HSC, Powell S, Solar R, Fernandes GW, Neves FS. High Temporal Beta Diversity in an Ant Metacommunity, With Increasing Temporal Functional Replacement Along the Elevational Gradient. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.571439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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30
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Basham EW, Saporito RA, González‐Pinzón M, Romero‐Marcucci A, Scheffers BR. Chemical defenses shift with the seasonal vertical migration of a Panamanian poison frog. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edmund W. Basham
- School of Natural Resources and Environment University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Ralph A. Saporito
- Department of Biology John Carroll University University Heights OH USA
| | - Macario González‐Pinzón
- Escuela de Biología Facultad de Ciencias naturales y Exactas Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí David República de Panamá
| | - Angel Romero‐Marcucci
- Escuela de Biología Facultad de Ciencias naturales y Exactas Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí David República de Panamá
| | - Brett R. Scheffers
- School of Natural Resources and Environment University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
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31
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Mottl O, Fibich P, Klimes P, Volf M, Tropek R, Anderson-Teixeira K, Auga J, Blair T, Butterill P, Carscallen G, Gonzalez-Akre E, Goodman A, Kaman O, Lamarre GPA, Libra M, Losada ME, Manumbor M, Miller SE, Molem K, Nichols G, Plowman NS, Redmond C, Seifert CL, Vrana J, Weiblen GD, Novotny V. Spatial covariance of herbivorous and predatory guilds of forest canopy arthropods along a latitudinal gradient. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1499-1510. [PMID: 32808457 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In arthropod community ecology, species richness studies tend to be prioritised over those investigating patterns of abundance. Consequently, the biotic and abiotic drivers of arboreal arthropod abundance are still relatively poorly known. In this cross-continental study, we employ a theoretical framework in order to examine patterns of covariance among herbivorous and predatory arthropod guilds. Leaf-chewing and leaf-mining herbivores, and predatory ants and spiders, were censused on > 1000 trees in nine 0.1 ha forest plots. After controlling for tree size and season, we found no negative pairwise correlations between guild abundances per plot, suggestive of weak signals of both inter-guild competition and top-down regulation of herbivores by predators. Inter-guild interaction strengths did not vary with mean annual temperature, thus opposing the hypothesis that biotic interactions intensify towards the equator. We find evidence for the bottom-up limitation of arthropod abundances via resources and abiotic factors, rather than for competition and predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Mottl
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Czech Republic.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pavel Fibich
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klimes
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Volf
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, DE, Germany
| | - Robert Tropek
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague, 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Anderson-Teixeira
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA.,Center for Tropical Forest Science- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, Panama
| | - John Auga
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Center, P.O. Box 604, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Thomas Blair
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Phil Butterill
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Czech Republic.,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague, 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Grace Carscallen
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Erika Gonzalez-Akre
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Aaron Goodman
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Ondrej Kaman
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Greg P A Lamarre
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Czech Republic.,Center for Tropical Forest Science- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, Panama
| | - Martin Libra
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Maria E Losada
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Markus Manumbor
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Center, P.O. Box 604, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Scott E Miller
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kenneth Molem
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Center, P.O. Box 604, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Geoffrey Nichols
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Nichola S Plowman
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Conor Redmond
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Carlo L Seifert
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vrana
- The Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - George D Weiblen
- Bell Museum and Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 1160/31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Czech Republic
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32
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Zvereva EL, Paolucci LN, Kozlov MV. Top-down factors contribute to differences in insect herbivory between saplings and mature trees in boreal and tropical forests. Oecologia 2020; 193:167-176. [PMID: 32314043 PMCID: PMC7235072 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ontogenetic changes in herbivory are generally not consistent with ontogenetic changes in defensive traits of woody plants. This inconsistency suggests that other factors may affect ontogenetic trajectories in herbivory. We tested the hypothesis that top-down factors contribute to differences in foliar losses to insects between juvenile and mature trees in tropical and boreal forests. We used artificial caterpillars made of modelling clay to compare predation rates between saplings and mature trees of two common forest species, Siparuna guianensis in Brazil (tropical site) and Betula pubescens in Finland (boreal site). Leaf area losses to chewing insects in saplings were 2.5-fold higher than in mature trees in both species. Physical plant defences (measured as specific leaf area, SLA) did not differ between saplings and mature trees in the boreal forest, whereas in the tropical forest, SLA was greater in saplings than in mature trees. Attack rates on the model prey by birds were higher in the boreal forest, whereas attack rates by arthropod predators were higher in the tropical forest. Overall, predation rates on model prey were consistently higher on mature trees than on saplings at both sites, but in the boreal site, this pattern was primarily driven by birds, whereas in the tropical site, it was primarily driven by arthropod predators. We conclude that the effect of predation on herbivorous insects may considerably contribute to ontogenetic differences in herbivory, but the relative roles of different predatory groups and of top-down and bottom-up factors may vary between environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena L Zvereva
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Lucas N Paolucci
- Setor de Ecologia E Conservação, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, CEP: 37200-000, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG, CEP: 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Mikhail V Kozlov
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
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Phillips JW, Chung AYC, Edgecombe GD, Ellwood MDF. Bird's nest ferns promote resource sharing by centipedes. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Josie W. Phillips
- Centre for Research in Biosciences University of the West of England Bristol UK
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35
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Cole RJ, Selmants P, Khan S, Chazdon R. Litter dynamics recover faster than arthropod biodiversity during tropical forest succession. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Cole
- The Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
- Osa Conservation Puerto Jimenez Costa Rica
| | - Paul Selmants
- Western Geographic Science Center U.S. Geological Survey Menlo Park CA USA
| | - Shafkat Khan
- Project Dragonfly Miami University Oxford OH USA
| | - Robin Chazdon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre University of the Sunshine Coast Maroochydore QLD Australia
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36
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Zvereva EL, Castagneyrol B, Cornelissen T, Forsman A, Hernández‐Agüero JA, Klemola T, Paolucci L, Polo V, Salinas N, Theron KJ, Xu G, Zverev V, Kozlov MV. Opposite latitudinal patterns for bird and arthropod predation revealed in experiments with differently colored artificial prey. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:14273-14285. [PMID: 31938518 PMCID: PMC6953658 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The strength of biotic interactions is generally thought to increase toward the equator, but support for this hypothesis is contradictory. We explored whether predator attacks on artificial prey of eight different colors vary among climates and whether this variation affects the detection of latitudinal patterns in predation. Bird attack rates negatively correlated with model luminance in cold and temperate environments, but not in tropical environments. Bird predation on black and on white (extremes in luminance) models demonstrated different latitudinal patterns, presumably due to differences in prey conspicuousness between habitats with different light regimes. When attacks on models of all colors were combined, arthropod predation decreased, whereas bird predation increased with increasing latitude. We conclude that selection for prey coloration may vary geographically and according to predator identity, and that the importance of different predators may show contrasting patterns, thus weakening the overall latitudinal trend in top-down control of herbivorous insects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tatiana Cornelissen
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e EvoluçãoUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Anders Forsman
- Department of Biology and Environmental ScienceLinnaeus UniversityKalmarSweden
| | | | - Tero Klemola
- Department of BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Lucas Paolucci
- Setor de Ecologia e ConservaçãoDepartamento de BiologiaUniversidade Federal de LavrasLavrasBrazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da AmazôniaBrasíliaBrazil
- Departamento de Biologia GeralUniversidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus UniversitárioViçosaBrazil
| | - Vicente Polo
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic ChemistryUniversity Rey Juan CarlosMóstolesSpain
| | - Norma Salinas
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías RenovablesPontificia Universidad Católica del PerúLimaPeru
| | - Kasselman Jurie Theron
- Department of Conservation Ecology and EntomologyStellenbosch UniversityMatielandSouth Africa
| | - Guorui Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest EcologyXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunChina
| | - Vitali Zverev
- Department of BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
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Torretta JP, Marrero HJ. No Vertical Stratification Found in Cavity-Nesting bees and Wasps in Two Neotropical Forests of Argentina. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:779-787. [PMID: 31077066 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-019-00696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vertical stratification is known in diverse arthropod communities in forests, but little is known about nesting ecology of trap-nesting bees and wasps in Neotropical forests. We studied the vertical colonization of trap-nests by solitary bees and wasps in two forests in Argentina. We obtained 204 nests of seven bee and six wasp species, with 1040 brood cells from which 660 hosts and 32 parasites (21 parasitoid and 11 kleptoparasite) adults emerged from four groups (five species of wasps [Chrysididae, Eulophidae, and Ichneumonidae], four flies [Bombyliidae and Sarcophagidae], three bees [Apidae and Megachilidae], and one species of beetle [Meloidae]). The number of nests, reproductive success, parasitism rate, and mortality did not differ between canopy and understory, nor did the number of brood cells, emerged adults per trap-nest, and total abundance per transect. We found similar assemblages of trap-nesting bees and wasps in both forests, but contrary to our expectations, we did not find any significant difference in the analyzed variables. Our results suggest that access to resources used by trap-nesting bee and wasp females was at least similar, and/or that the microclimatic conditions were homogeneous in canopy and understory. Moreover, our results agree with those reported by some researchers but contrast with others, demonstrating the great variation in the response of bees and wasps nesting in preexisting cavities to vertical stratification in forests and the need for more studies about this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Torretta
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Botánica General, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Univ de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Botánica General Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - H J Marrero
- Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas, Mendoza, Argentina
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de las Zonas Semiáridas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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38
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Rego C, Boieiro M, Rigal F, Ribeiro SP, Cardoso P, Borges PAV. Taxonomic and functional diversity of insect herbivore assemblages associated with the canopy-dominant trees of the Azorean native forest. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219493. [PMID: 31306456 PMCID: PMC6629062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oceanic islands have been providing important insights on the structuring of ecological communities and, under the context of the present biodiversity crisis, they are paramount to assess the effects of biological invasions on community assembly. In this study we compare the taxonomic and functional diversity of insect herbivore assemblages associated with the dominant tree species of Azorean native forests and investigate the ecological processes that may have originated current patterns of plant-herbivore associations. Five dominant trees-Erica azorica, Ilex perado subsp. azorica, Juniperus brevifolia, Laurus azorica and Vaccinium cylindraceum-were sampled in the remnants of the native forest of Terceira Island (Azores) using a standardised methodology. The taxonomic and functional diversity of insect herbivore assemblages was assessed using complementary metrics and beta diversity partitioning analysis (species replacement and richness differences) aiming to evaluate the variation in insect herbivore assemblages within and between the study plant species. Sixty two insect species, mostly bugs (Hemiptera) and caterpillars (Lepidoptera), were found in the five study plants with indigenous (endemic and native non-endemic) insects occurring with higher species richness and abundance than introduced ones. Species replacement was the most important component of insect herbivore taxonomic beta diversity while differences in trait richness played a major role on functional beta diversity. The endemic E. azorica stands out from the other study plants by having associated a very distinct insect herbivore assemblage with a particular set of functional attributes, mainly composed by large bodied and long shaped species that feed by chewing. Despite the progressive biotic homogenization witnessed in the Azores during the last few decades, several strong associations between the endemic trees and their indigenous insect herbivores remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rego
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Mário Boieiro
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
| | - François Rigal
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
- CNRS-Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, MIRA, Environment and Microbiology Team, UMR 5254, BP, Pau Cedex, France
| | - Sérvio P. Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Evolutionay Ecology of Canopy Insects and Natural Succession/Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paulo A. V. Borges
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
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Finkbeiner SD, Salazar PA, Nogales S, Rush CE, Briscoe AD, Hill RI, Kronforst MR, Willmott KR, Mullen SP. Frequency dependence shapes the adaptive landscape of imperfect Batesian mimicry. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2017.2786. [PMID: 29618547 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite more than a century of biological research on the evolution and maintenance of mimetic signals, the relative frequencies of models and mimics necessary to establish and maintain Batesian mimicry in natural populations remain understudied. Here we investigate the frequency-dependent dynamics of imperfect Batesian mimicry, using predation experiments involving artificial butterfly models. We use two geographically distinct populations of Adelpha butterflies that vary in their relative frequencies of a putatively defended model (Adelpha iphiclus) and Batesian mimic (Adelpha serpa). We found that in Costa Rica, where both species share similar abundances, Batesian mimicry breaks down, and predators more readily attack artificial butterfly models of the presumed mimic, A. serpa By contrast, in Ecuador, where A. iphiclus (model) is significantly more abundant than A. serpa (mimic), both species are equally protected from predation. Our results provide compelling experimental evidence that imperfect Batesian mimicry is frequency-dependent on the relative abundance of models and mimics in natural populations, and contribute to the growing body of evidence that complex dynamics, such as seasonality or the availability of alternative prey, influence the evolution of mimetic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Finkbeiner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA .,Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Patricio A Salazar
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Sofía Nogales
- Department of Biology, Pontifica Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Cassidi E Rush
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Adriana D Briscoe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ryan I Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Marcus R Kronforst
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Keith R Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Sean P Mullen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Antoniazzi R, Garro RNSL, Dáttilo W, Ribeiro SP, Neves FS. Ant species richness and interactions in canopies of two distinct successional stages in a tropical dry forest. Naturwissenschaften 2019; 106:20. [PMID: 31041541 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-019-1614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Canopy ecology is a fast-growing field, but still a scientific frontier in many ecological aspects. For instance, the hypothesis that tree traits shape patterns in ant-plant interactions lacks data, notably for tropical canopies in different successional stages. In this study, we investigated canopy traits, such as tree height, the presence of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs), connectivity among tree crowns, and successional stage, structure ant-tree interactions in a tropical dry forest (TDF), examining whether these are the determinant factors for ant species richness. We collected ants on trees in early and late successional stages over 2 years, in rainy and dry seasons. In the late successional stage, ant species richness was greater in the taller trees; in the early successional stage, the smallest trees had a greater ant species richness than the taller trees. The EFNs and connectivity among treetops had no effect on ant species richness. We obtained a tree-ant network of the early successional stage, involving 786 interactions among 57 ant species and 75 trees; in the late successional stage, the network had 914 interactions among 60 ant species and 75 trees. There were 27 species of trees in our study, 11 of which (40.7% of all individual trees) had EFNs. The ant-plant interactions were not randomly distributed, suggesting that various biotic factors structured the ant assemblies. This study presents new insights into ant-tree interactions, showing that both tree height and successional stage influence the occurrence of many species of ants in tree canopies of tropical dry forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuber Antoniazzi
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Raphael N S L Garro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Sérvio P Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Ecohealth e Ecologia de Insetos de Dossel e Sucessão Natural, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Frederico S Neves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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41
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Nice CC, Fordyce JA, Bell KL, Forister ML, Gompert Z, DeVries PJ. Vertical differentiation in tropical forest butterflies: a novel mechanism generating insect diversity? Biol Lett 2019; 15:20180723. [PMID: 30958212 PMCID: PMC6371905 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many tropical fruit-feeding nymphalid butterflies are associated with either the forest canopy or the understorey; however, the exceptions offer insights into the origins of tropical diversity. As it occurs in both habitats of tropical forests in Ecuador and Peru, Archaeoprepona demophon is one such exception. We compared patterns of occurrence of A. demophon in the canopy and understorey and population genomic variation for evidence of ecological and genetic differentiation between habitats. We found that butterfly occurrences in the canopy were largely uncorrelated with occurrences in the understorey at both localities, indicating independent demographic patterns in the two habitats. We also documented modest, significant genome-level differentiation at both localities. Genetic differentiation between habitat types (separated by approx. 20 m in elevation) was comparable to levels of differentiation between sampling locations (approx. 1500 km). We conclude that canopy and understorey populations of A. demophon represent incipient independent evolutionary units. These findings support the hypothesis that divergence between canopy and understorey-associated populations might be a mechanism generating insect diversity in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris C. Nice
- Department of Biology, Population and Conservation Biology Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - James A. Fordyce
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Katherine L. Bell
- Department of Biology, Population and Conservation Biology Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Matthew L. Forister
- Department of Biology, Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | | | - Phil J. DeVries
- Department of Biology, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
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Fichaux M, Béchade B, Donald J, Weyna A, Delabie JHC, Murienne J, Baraloto C, Orivel J. Habitats shape taxonomic and functional composition of Neotropical ant assemblages. Oecologia 2019; 189:501-513. [PMID: 30701386 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04341-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Determining assembly rules of co-occurring species persists as a fundamental goal in community ecology. At local scales, the relative importance of environmental filtering vs. competitive exclusion remains a subject of debate. In this study, we assessed the relative importance of habitat filtering and competition in structuring understory ant communities in tropical forests of French Guiana. Leaf-litter ants were collected using pitfall and Winkler traps across swamp, slope and plateau forests near Saül, French Guiana. We used a combination of univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate trait response of ants to habitat characteristics. Null model analyses were used to investigate the effects of habitat filtering and competitive interactions on community assembly at the scale of assemblages and sampling points, respectively. Swamp forests presented a much lower taxonomic and functional richness compared to slope and plateau forests. Furthermore, marked differences in taxonomic and functional composition were observed between swamp forests and slope or plateau forests. We found weak evidence for competitive exclusion based on null models. Nevertheless, the contrasting trait composition observed between habitats revealed differences in the ecological attributes of the species in the different forest habitats. Our analyses suggest that competitive interactions may not play an important role in structuring leaf-litter ant assemblages locally. Rather, habitats are responsible for driving both taxonomic and functional composition of ant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Fichaux
- CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), AgroParisTech, CIRAD, INRA, Université de Guyane, Université des Antilles, Campus Agronomique, BP 316, 97379, Kourou Cedex, France.
| | - Benoît Béchade
- CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), AgroParisTech, CIRAD, INRA, Université de Guyane, Université des Antilles, Campus Agronomique, BP 316, 97379, Kourou Cedex, France
| | - Julian Donald
- CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), AgroParisTech, CIRAD, INRA, Université de Guyane, Université des Antilles, Campus Agronomique, BP 316, 97379, Kourou Cedex, France.,Laboratoire EDB (UMR 5174: CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, IRD), Université Paul Sabatier, bâtiment 4R1, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Arthur Weyna
- CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), AgroParisTech, CIRAD, INRA, Université de Guyane, Université des Antilles, Campus Agronomique, BP 316, 97379, Kourou Cedex, France
| | - Jacques Hubert Charles Delabie
- Laboratório de Mirmecologia, CEPEC, CEPLAC, Caixa Postal 7, Itabuna, BA, 45600-970, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado Km 16, Ilheus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Jérôme Murienne
- Laboratoire EDB (UMR 5174: CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, IRD), Université Paul Sabatier, bâtiment 4R1, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Christopher Baraloto
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jérôme Orivel
- CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), AgroParisTech, CIRAD, INRA, Université de Guyane, Université des Antilles, Campus Agronomique, BP 316, 97379, Kourou Cedex, France
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Zinger L, Taberlet P, Schimann H, Bonin A, Boyer F, De Barba M, Gaucher P, Gielly L, Giguet‐Covex C, Iribar A, Réjou‐Méchain M, Rayé G, Rioux D, Schilling V, Tymen B, Viers J, Zouiten C, Thuiller W, Coissac E, Chave J. Body size determines soil community assembly in a tropical forest. Mol Ecol 2018; 28:528-543. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Zinger
- CNRS, IRDUMR 5174 Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB)Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
| | - Pierre Taberlet
- CNRSLaboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA)Univ. Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Heidy Schimann
- UMR Ecologie des Forets de Guyane (AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane)INRA Kourou France
| | - Aurélie Bonin
- CNRSLaboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA)Univ. Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Frédéric Boyer
- CNRSLaboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA)Univ. Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Marta De Barba
- CNRSLaboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA)Univ. Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Philippe Gaucher
- USR 3456CNRSCentre de recherche de Montabo IRDCNRS‐Guyane Cayenne France
| | - Ludovic Gielly
- CNRSLaboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA)Univ. Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | | | - Amaia Iribar
- CNRS, IRDUMR 5174 Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB)Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
| | - Maxime Réjou‐Méchain
- CNRS, IRDUMR 5174 Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB)Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
- UMR AMAP, IRD Montpellier France
| | - Gilles Rayé
- CNRSLaboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA)Univ. Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Delphine Rioux
- CNRSLaboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA)Univ. Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Vincent Schilling
- CNRS, IRDUMR 5174 Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB)Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
| | - Blaise Tymen
- CNRS, IRDUMR 5174 Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB)Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
| | - Jérôme Viers
- CNRS, IRDUMR 5563 GETUniversité Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
| | - Cyril Zouiten
- CNRS, IRDUMR 5563 GETUniversité Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- CNRSLaboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA)Univ. Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Eric Coissac
- CNRSLaboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA)Univ. Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Jérôme Chave
- CNRS, IRDUMR 5174 Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB)Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
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Changes in Soil Arthropod Abundance and Community Structure across a Poplar Plantation Chronosequence in Reclaimed Coastal Saline Soil. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poplar plantations have the capacity to improve the properties of soils in muddy coastal areas; however, our understanding of the impacts of plantation development on soil arthropods remains limited. For this study, we determined the community dynamics of soil dwelling arthropods across poplar plantations of different ages (5-, 10-, and 21-years) over the course of one year in Eastern Coastal China. The total abundance of soil arthropods differed with stand development. Further, there were some interactions that involved the sampling date. On average, total abundance was highest in the 10-year-old stands and lowest in the 5-year-old stands. Total abundance exhibited strong age-dependent trends in June and September, but not in March or December. The abundance of Prostigmata and Oribatida increased in the 5- to 21-year-old stands, with the highest levels being in the 10-year-old stands. The abundance of Collembola increased with stand development; however, the stand age had no significant impact on the abundance of epedapic, hemiedaphic, and euedaphic Collembola. Order richness (Hill number q = 0) curve confidence intervals overlapped among three stand ages. Shannon and Simpson diversity (Hill numbers q = 1 and q = 2) differed between 10- and 21-year-old stand age. They showed almost similar trends, and the highest and lowest values were recorded in the 21- and 10-year-old stand ages, respectively. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated that composition also varied significantly with the sampling date and stand age, and the 10-year-old stands that were sampled in June stood well-separated from the others. Indicator analysis revealed that Scolopendromorpha and Prostigmata were indicators in June for the 10-year-old stands, while Collembola were indicators for the 21-year-old stands sampled in September. Our results highlight that both stand development and climate seasonality can significantly impact soil arthropod community dynamics in the reclaimed coastal saline soils of managed poplar plantations.
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Basham EW, Seidl CM, Andriamahohatra LR, Oliveira BF, Scheffers BR. Distance-decay differs among vertical strata in a tropical rainforest. J Anim Ecol 2018; 88:114-124. [PMID: 30146776 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Assemblage similarity decays with geographic distance-a pattern known as the distance-decay relationship. While this pattern has been investigated for a wide range of organisms, ecosystems and geographical gradients, whether these changes vary more cryptically across different forest strata (from ground to canopy) remains elusive. Here, we investigated the influence of ground vs. arboreal assemblages to the general distance-decay relationship observed in forests. We seek to explain differences in distance-decay relationships between strata in the context of the vertical stratification of assemblage composition, richness and abundance. We surveyed for a climate-sensitive model organism, amphibians, across vertical rainforest strata in Madagascar. For each tree, we defined assemblages of ground-dwelling, understory, or canopy species. We calculated horizontal distance-decay in similarity across all trees, and across assemblages of species found in different forest strata (ground, understory and canopy). We demonstrate that within stratum comparisons exhibit a classic distance-decay relationship for canopy and understory communities but no distance-decay relationships for ground communities. We suggest that differences in horizontal turnover between strata may be due to local scale habitat and resource heterogeneity in the canopy, or the influence of arboreal traits on species dispersal and distribution. Synthesis. Biodiversity patterns in horizontal space were not consistent across vertical space, suggesting that canopy fauna may not play by the same set of "rules" as their conspecifics living below them on the ground. Our study provides compelling evidence that the above-ground amphibian assemblage of tropical rainforests is the primary driver of the classical distance-decay relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund W Basham
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christa M Seidl
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of California, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Lydou R Andriamahohatra
- Department of Experimental Science, CER: Natural Science, Ecole Normale Supérieure, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Brunno F Oliveira
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Brett R Scheffers
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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46
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Beng KC, Corlett RT, Tomlinson KW. Seasonal changes in the diversity and composition of the litter fauna in native forests and rubber plantations. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10232. [PMID: 29980785 PMCID: PMC6035245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The litter layer of tropical forests supports a significant fraction of total arthropod diversity and decomposition of this layer is the main pathway by which nutrients are returned to the soil and CO2 to the atmosphere. Conversion of tropical forests to agriculture is the main threat to biodiversity and ecosystem services, and understanding effects on the litter layer is important for understanding and mitigating these impacts. We used high through-put DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene to assess seasonal changes in the diversity and composition of the litter fauna at five matched pairs of native forests and rubber plantations in tropical SW China every month for a year, and measured the environmental factors expected to drive intra-annual variation. Forests and rubber had very different arthropod assemblages throughout the year, with forests more species-rich than rubber in all months except February. Very high rates of intra-annual turnover in species composition in both forests and rubber were associated with seasonality in environmental variables, with the influence of particular variables differing among taxa. Tropical arthropods are very sensitive to seasonality and sampling at only one time of the year captures only a subset of the total community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsly C Beng
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China.
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Kyle W Tomlinson
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
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47
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Lentendu G, Mahé F, Bass D, Rueckert S, Stoeck T, Dunthorn M. Consistent patterns of high alpha and low beta diversity in tropical parasitic and free-living protists. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:2846-2857. [PMID: 29851187 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tropical animals and plants are known to have high alpha diversity within forests, but low beta diversity between forests. By contrast, it is unknown whether microbes inhabiting the same ecosystems exhibit similar biogeographic patterns. To evaluate the biogeographies of tropical protists, we used metabarcoding data of species sampled in the soils of three lowland Neotropical rainforests. Taxa-area and distance-decay relationships for three of the dominant protist taxa and their subtaxa were estimated at both the OTU and phylogenetic levels, with presence-absence and abundance-based measures. These estimates were compared to null models. High local alpha and low regional beta diversity patterns were consistently found for both the parasitic Apicomplexa and the largely free-living Cercozoa and Ciliophora. Similar to animals and plants, the protists showed spatial structures between forests at the OTU and phylogenetic levels, and only at the phylogenetic level within forests. These results suggest that the biogeographies of macro- and micro-organismal eukaryotes in lowland Neotropical rainforests are partially structured by the same general processes. However, and unlike the animals and plants, the protist OTUs did not exhibit spatial structures within forests, which hinders our ability to estimate the local and regional diversity of protists in tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lentendu
- Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Frédéric Mahé
- Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.,CIRAD, UMR LSTM, Montpellier, France
| | - David Bass
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum London, London, UK.,Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | - Sonja Rueckert
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thorsten Stoeck
- Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Micah Dunthorn
- Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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48
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D'Souza ML, Hebert PDN. Stable baselines of temporal turnover underlie high beta diversity in tropical arthropod communities. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:2447-2460. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. D'Souza
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
- Department of Integrative Biology; College of Biological Science; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - Paul D. N. Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
- Department of Integrative Biology; College of Biological Science; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
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49
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Brown BV, Borkent A, Adler PH, Amorim DDS, Barber K, Bickel D, Boucher S, Brooks SE, Burger J, Burington ZL, Capellari RS, Costa DNR, Cumming JM, Curler G, Dick CW, Epler JH, Fisher E, Gaimari SD, Gelhaus J, Grimaldi DA, Hash J, Hauser M, Hippa H, Ibáñez-Bernal S, Jaschhof M, Kameneva EP, Kerr PH, Korneyev V, Korytkowski CA, Kung GA, Kvifte GM, Lonsdale O, Marshall SA, Mathis W, Michelsen V, Naglis S, Norrbom AL, Paiero S, Pape T, Pereira-Colavite A, Pollet M, Rochefort S, Rung A, Runyon JB, Savage J, Silva VC, Sinclair BJ, Skevington JH, Stireman Iii JO, Swann J, Thompson FC, Vilkamaa P, Wheeler T, Whitworth T, Wong M, Wood DM, Woodley N, Yau T, Zavortink TJ, Zumbado MA. Comprehensive inventory of true flies (Diptera) at a tropical site. Commun Biol 2018; 1:21. [PMID: 30271908 PMCID: PMC6123690 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimations of tropical insect diversity generally suffer from lack of known groups or faunas against which extrapolations can be made, and have seriously underestimated the diversity of some taxa. Here we report the intensive inventory of a four-hectare tropical cloud forest in Costa Rica for one year, which yielded 4332 species of Diptera, providing the first verifiable basis for diversity of a major group of insects at a single site in the tropics. In total 73 families were present, all of which were studied to the species level, providing potentially complete coverage of all families of the order likely to be present at the site. Even so, extrapolations based on our data indicate that with further sampling, the actual total for the site could be closer to 8000 species. Efforts to completely sample a site, although resource-intensive and time-consuming, are needed to better ground estimations of world biodiversity based on limited sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian V Brown
- Entomology Section, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA.
| | - Art Borkent
- Royal British Columbia Museum and the American Museum of Natural History, 691-8th Ave. SE, Salmon Arm, BC, V1E 2C2, Canada
| | - Peter H Adler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, 130 McGinty Court, E-143 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0310, USA
| | - Dalton de Souza Amorim
- Depto. de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14.040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Kevin Barber
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen St. E., Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Daniel Bickel
- Australian Museum, 1 William Street, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Stephanie Boucher
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Scott E Brooks
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Invertebrate Biodiversity, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - John Burger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Spaulding Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Zelia L Burington
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH, 45431, USA
| | - Renato S Capellari
- Instituto Federal do Triângulo Mineiro - Campus Uberaba. Rua João Batista Ribeiro 4000, Distrito Industrial II, 38064-790, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel N R Costa
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Jardim das Américas, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey M Cumming
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Invertebrate Biodiversity, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Greg Curler
- Mississippi Entomological Museum, Mississippi State University, 100 Old Highway 12, P.O. Drawer 9775, Mississippi State, MS, 39762-9775, USA
| | - Carl W Dick
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, 42101, USA
- Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
| | - John H Epler
- Independent Investigator, Crawfordville, FL, USA
| | - Eric Fisher
- California State Collection of Arthropods, 2683 Tam O' Shanter Dr., El Dorado Hills, California, CA, 95762, USA
| | - Stephen D Gaimari
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, California State Collection of Arthropods, 3294 Meadowview Rd., Sacramento, CA, 95832-1448, USA
| | - Jon Gelhaus
- The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, 1900 Ben Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA, 19103-1195, USA
| | - David A Grimaldi
- American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY, 10024-5192, USA
| | - John Hash
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Martin Hauser
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, California State Collection of Arthropods, 3294 Meadowview Rd., Sacramento, CA, 95832-1448, USA
| | - Heikki Hippa
- Zoological Museum, Biodiversity Unit, FI-20014, University of Turku, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sergio Ibáñez-Bernal
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (INECOL), Red Ambiente y Sustentabilidad, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Col El Haya, Xalapa, CP, 91070, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Mathias Jaschhof
- Station Linné, Ölands Skogsby 161, SE-38693, Färjestaden, Sweden
| | - Elena P Kameneva
- I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdan Chmielnicki St. 15, 01030, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Peter H Kerr
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, California State Collection of Arthropods, 3294 Meadowview Rd., Sacramento, CA, 95832-1448, USA
| | - Valery Korneyev
- I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdan Chmielnicki St. 15, 01030, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Giar-Ann Kung
- Entomology Section, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA
| | - Gunnar Mikalsen Kvifte
- Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, 5040, Bergen, Norway
| | - Owen Lonsdale
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Stephen A Marshall
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Wayne Mathis
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 169, Washington, D.C., 20013-7012, USA
| | - Verner Michelsen
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Naglis
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Allen L Norrbom
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, c/o National Museum of Natural History, MRC-168, P.O. Box 37012, Washington DC, 20013-7012, USA
| | - Steven Paiero
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Thomas Pape
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alessandre Pereira-Colavite
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Castelo Branco, s/n, CEP 58.051-900, João Pessoa/PB, Brazil
| | - Marc Pollet
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Kliniekstraat 25, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium
- Research Group Terrestrial Ecology (TEREC), Ghent University, K.L.Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Entomology Unit, Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences (RBINS), Vautierstraat 29, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Rochefort
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Alessandra Rung
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, California State Collection of Arthropods, 3294 Meadowview Rd., Sacramento, CA, 95832-1448, USA
| | - Justin B Runyon
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 1648 S. 7th Avenue, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Jade Savage
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bishop's University, 2600 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC, J1M 1Z7, Canada
| | - Vera C Silva
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal; Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Bradley J Sinclair
- Canadian National Collection of Insects & Canadian Food Inspection Agency, OPL-Entomology, K.W. Neatby Bldg., C.E.F., 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey H Skevington
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Invertebrate Biodiversity, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - John O Stireman Iii
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH, 45431, USA
| | - John Swann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - F Christian Thompson
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 169, Washington, D.C., 20013-7012, USA
| | - Pekka Vilkamaa
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Terry Wheeler
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Terry Whitworth
- Washington State University, 2533 Inter Avenue, Puyallup, WA, 98372, USA
| | - Maria Wong
- Entomology Section, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA
| | - D Monty Wood
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Invertebrate Biodiversity, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | | | - Tiffany Yau
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Thomas J Zavortink
- Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Manuel A Zumbado
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), 22-3100, Santo Domingo, Heredia, Costa Rica
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50
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Graça MB, Pequeno PACL, Franklin E, Morais JW. Coevolution between flight morphology, vertical stratification and sexual dimorphism: what can we learn from tropical butterflies? J Evol Biol 2017; 30:1862-1871. [PMID: 28714129 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Occurrence patterns are partly shaped by the affinity of species with habitat conditions. For winged organisms, flight-related attributes are vital for ecological performance. However, due to the different reproductive roles of each sex, we expect divergence in flight energy budget, and consequently different selection responses between sexes. We used tropical frugivorous butterflies as models to investigate coevolution between flight morphology, sex dimorphism and vertical stratification. We studied 94 species of Amazonian fruit-feeding butterflies sampled in seven sites across 3341 ha. We used wing-thorax ratio as a proxy for flight capacity and hierarchical Bayesian modelling to estimate stratum preference. We detected a strong phylogenetic signal in wing-thorax ratio in both sexes. Stouter fast-flying species preferred the canopy, whereas more slender slow-flying species preferred the understorey. However, this relationship was stronger in females than in males, suggesting that female phenotype associates more intimately with habitat conditions. Within species, males were stouter than females and sexual dimorphism was sharper in understorey species. Because trait-habitat relationships were independent from phylogeny, the matching between flight morphology and stratum preference is more likely to reflect adaptive radiation than shared ancestry. This study sheds light on the impact of flight and sexual dimorphism on the evolution and ecological adaptation of flying organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Graça
- Biodiversity Coordination, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - P A C L Pequeno
- Biodiversity Coordination, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - E Franklin
- Biodiversity Coordination, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - J W Morais
- Biodiversity Coordination, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
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