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Archacki D, Zieliński J, Pospieszna B, Włodarczyk M, Kusy K. The contribution of energy systems during 15-second sprint exercise in athletes of different sports specializations. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17863. [PMID: 39193515 PMCID: PMC11348913 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term adaptations and ongoing training seem to modify the energy system contribution in highly trained individuals. We aimed to compare the energy metabolism profile during sprint exercise in athletes of different specialties. Methods Endurance (n = 17, 20.3 ± 6.0 yrs), speed-power (n = 14, 20.3 ± 2.5 yrs), and mixed (n = 19, 23.4 ± 4.8 yrs) athletes performed adapted 15-second all-out test before and after a general preparation training period. The contribution of phosphagen, glycolytic, and aerobic systems was calculated using the three-component PCr-LA-O2 method. Results Between-group differences were observed in the contribution of energy systems in the first and second examinations. The proportions were 47:41:12 in endurance, 35:57:8 in team sports, and 45:48:7 in speed-power athletes. Endurance athletes differed in the phosphagen (p < 0.001) and glycolytic systems (p = 0.006) from team sports and in the aerobic system from speed-power athletes (p = 0.003). No substantial shifts were observed after the general preparatory phase, except a decrease in aerobic energy contribution in team sports athletes (p = 0.048). Conclusion Sports specialization and metabolic profile influence energy system contribution during sprint exercise. Highly trained athletes show a stable energy profile during the general preparation phase, indicative of long-term adaptation, rather than immediate training effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Archacki
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Zieliński
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Pospieszna
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Włodarczyk
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kusy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
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Archacki D, Zieliński J, Ciekot-Sołtysiak M, Zarębska EA, Kusy K. Sex Differences in the Energy System Contribution during Sprint Exercise in Speed-Power and Endurance Athletes. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4812. [PMID: 39200953 PMCID: PMC11355823 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: A high level of specific metabolic capacity is essential for maximal sprinting in both male and female athletes. Various factors dictate sex differences in maximal power production and energy utilization. This study aims to compare the contribution of energy systems between male and female athletes with similar sport-specific physiological adaptations during a 15-s sprint exercise. Methods: The endurance group consisted of 17 males (23 ± 7 y) and 17 females (20 ± 2 y). The speed-power group included 14 males (21.1 ± 2.6 y) and 14 females (20 ± 3 y). The contribution of phosphagen, glycolytic, and aerobic systems was determined using the three-component PCr-LA-O2 method. Results: Significant differences were observed in the energy expenditure for all systems and total energy expenditure between males and females in both groups (p = 0.001-0.013). The energy expenditure in kJ for individual systems (phosphagen-glycolytic-aerobic) was 35:25:7 vs. 20:16:5 in endurance males vs. female athletes, respectively. In the speed-power group, male athletes expended 33:37:6 kJ and female athletes expended 21:25:4 kJ, respectively. The percentage proportions did not differ between males and females in any system. The contribution of the phosphagen-glycolytic-aerobic systems was 52:37:11 vs. 48:39:13 in endurance male and female athletes, respectively. For speed-power males vs. female athletes, the proportions were 42:50:8 vs. 41:50:9, respectively. Conclusions: Despite the differences in body composition, mechanical output, and absolute energy expenditure, the energy system contribution appears to have a similar metabolic effect between male and female athletes engaged in sprint exercises with similar sport-related adaptations. The magnitude and profile of sex differences are related to sports discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Archacki
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi Street 27/39, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; (J.Z.); (M.C.-S.); (E.A.Z.); (K.K.)
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Barbosa PH, Bueno de Camargo JB, Jonas de Oliveira J, Reis Barbosa CG, Santos da Silva A, Dos-Santos JW, Verlengia R, Barreira J, Braz TV, Lopes CR. Resistance Exercise Sessions Comprising Multijoint vs. Single-Joint Exercises Result in Similar Metabolic and Hormonal Responses, But Distinct Levels of Muscle Damage in Trained Men. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:842-847. [PMID: 38662882 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Barbosa, PH, Bueno de Camargo, JB, Jonas de Oliveira, J, Reis Barbosa, CG, Santos da Silva, A, Dos-Santos, JW, Verlengia, R, Barreira, J, Braz, TV, and Lopes, CR. Resistance exercise sessions comprising multijoint vs. single-joint exercises result in similar metabolic and hormonal responses, but distinct levels of muscle damage in trained men. J Strength Cond Res 38(5): 842-847, 2024-Resistance-type exercise (RE) elicits distinct acute metabolic and hormonal responses, which can be modulated by the manipulation of training variables. The purpose of this study was to compare the metabolic (blood lactate and estimated lactic anaerobic system energy expenditure) and hormonal (growth hormone [GH]) responses to RE sessions composed exclusively of multijoint (MULTI) or single-joint (SINGLE) exercises. Assessments of creatine kinase (CK) levels were also performed. In a crossover design, 10 recreationally resistance-trained men (age: 26.9 ± 3.0 years, total body mass: 83.2 ± 13.8 kg; height: 176 ± 7.0 cm; training experience: 5.5 ± 2.4 years) were randomly submitted to both protocols. Blood collections were made pre, 3 minutes after, and 36 hours after each experimental session. No significant difference between MULTI vs. SINGLE was observed for the rises in blood lactate (p = 0.057) and GH (p = 0.285) levels. For CK, a significant difference between the protocols was noted, in which MULTI resulted in significant rises after 3 minutes (p = 0.017) and 36 hours (p = 0.043) compared with SINGLE. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that resistance-trained individuals display similar metabolic and hormonal responses when performing MULTI and SINGLE exercise protocols. Also, RE sessions comprising MULTI exercises induce a higher magnitude of muscle damage, which may require a longer recovery period compared with SINGLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique Barbosa
- Human Performance Research Laboratory, Methodist University of Piracicaba, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Julio Benvenutti Bueno de Camargo
- Human Performance Research Laboratory, Methodist University of Piracicaba, Piracicaba, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training (MUSCULAB), Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Julio Wilson Dos-Santos
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil; and
| | - Rozângela Verlengia
- Human Performance Research Laboratory, Methodist University of Piracicaba, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Volpi Braz
- Human Performance Research Laboratory, Methodist University of Piracicaba, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Charles Ricardo Lopes
- Human Performance Research Laboratory, Methodist University of Piracicaba, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Putti GM, Costa GP, Norberto MS, de Carvalho CD, Bertuzzi RCDM, Papoti M. Use of Inter-Effort Recovery Hypoxia as a New Approach to Improve Anaerobic Capacity and Time to Exhaustion. High Alt Med Biol 2024; 25:68-76. [PMID: 38193767 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Putti, Germano Marcolino, Gabriel Peinado Costa, Matheus Silva Norberto, Carlos Dellavechia de Carvalho, Rômulo Cássio de Moraes Bertuzzi, and Marcelo Papoti. Use of inter-effort recovery hypoxia as a new approach to improve anaerobic capacity and time to exhaustion. High Alt Med Biol. 25:68-76, 2024. Background: Although adding hypoxia to high-intensity training may offer some benefits, a significant problem of this training model is the diminished quality of the training session when performing efforts in hypoxia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of training and tapering combined with inter-effort recovery hypoxia (IEH) on anaerobic capacity, as estimated by alternative maximum accumulated oxygen deficit (MAODALT) and time to exhaustion (TTE). Methods: Twenty-four amateur runners performed, for 5 weeks, 3 sessions per week of training consisted of ten 1-minute bouts at 120% (weeks 1-3) and 130% (weeks 4 and 5) of maximum velocity (VMAX) obtained in graded exercise test, separated by a 2-minute interval in IEH (IEH, n = 11, FIO2 = 0.136) or normoxia (NOR, n = 13, fraction of inspired oxygen = 0.209). Before training, after training, and after 1 week of tapering, a graded exercise test and a maximal effort to exhaustion at 120% of VMAX were performed to determine TTE and MAODALT. The results were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models, and a clinical analysis was also realized by the smallest worthwhile change. Results: MAODALT increased only in IEH after training (0.8 ± 0.5 eq.lO2) and tapering (0.8 ± 0.5 eq.lO2), with time x group interaction. TTE increased for the pooled groups after taper (23 ± 11 seconds) and only for IEH alone (29 ± 16 seconds). Clinical analysis revealed a small size increase for NOR and a moderate size increase for IEH. Conclusions: Although the effects should be investigated in other populations, it can be concluded that IEH is a promising model for improving anaerobic performance and capacity. World Health Organization Universal Trial Number: U1111-1295-9954. University's ethics committee registration number: CAAE: 32220020.0.0000.5659.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germano Marcolino Putti
- Escola de Educação Física e Esporte de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Peinado Costa
- Escola de Educação Física e Esporte de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Matheus Silva Norberto
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Papoti
- Escola de Educação Física e Esporte de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Foresti YF, Higino WP, de Carvalho CD, Esequiel GH, Costa GP, Bertuzzi R, Papoti M. Can Hypoxia Alter the Anaerobic Capacity Measured by a Single Exhaustive Exercise? Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:961-968. [PMID: 35973782 DOI: 10.1055/a-1925-6494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare the MAODALT in situations of hypoxia and normoxia to confirm the method validity. Seventeen healthy and physically active men participated in this study, aged 25.2±3.2 years. All participants underwent four days of evaluation. The first day was performed a body composition test, an incremental test to exhaustion to determine the maximum oxygen uptake, familiarizing the hypoxia (H) and normoxia (N) situation and the equipment used. On the second, third and fourth days, supramaximal efforts were performed until exhaustion at 110% of maximum oxygen uptake, in a situation of hypoxia (FIO2=14.0%) and normoxia (FIO2=20.9%). The anaerobic capacity was considered the sum of energy supply of the alactic and lactic systens. The absolute or relative anaerobic capacity values were not different (H=3.9±1.1 L, N=3.8±0.9 L, p=0.69), similarly no differences were found for the alactic contribution (H=1.7±0.5 L, N=1.5±0.5 L, p=0.30) and lactic contribution (H=2.3±0.9 L, N=2.3±0.7 L, p=0.85). It can be concluded that the anaerobic capacity measured by a single exhaustive effort is not altered by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wonder Passoni Higino
- CeCAES, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais - Campus Muzambinho, Muzambinho, Brazil
- Physical Education, USP EEFERP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Programa de Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rômulo Bertuzzi
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Papoti
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Arcidiacono DM, Lavoie EM, Potter AW, Vangala SV, Holden LD, Soucy HY, Karis AJ, Friedl KE, Santee WR, Looney DP. Peak performance and cardiometabolic responses of modern US army soldiers during heavy, fatiguing vest-borne load carriage. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2023; 109:103985. [PMID: 36764233 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2023.103985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physiological limits imposed by vest-borne loads must be defined for optimal performance monitoring of the modern dismounted warfighter. PURPOSE To evaluate how weighted vests affect locomotion economy and relative cardiometabolic strain during military load carriage while identifying key physiological predictors of exhaustion limits. METHODS Fifteen US Army soldiers (4 women, 11 men; age, 26 ± 8 years; height, 173 ± 10 cm; body mass (BM), 79 ± 16 kg) performed four incremental walking tests with different vest loads (0, 22, 44, or 66% BM). We examined the effects of vest-borne loading on peak walking speed, the physiological costs of transport, and relative work intensity. We then sought to determine which of the cardiometabolic indicators (oxygen uptake, heart rate, respiration rate) was most predictive of task failure. RESULTS Peak walking speed significantly decreased with successively heavier vest loads (p < 0.01). Physiological costs per kilometer walked were significantly higher with added vest loads for each measure (p < 0.05). Relative oxygen uptake and heart rate were significantly higher during the loaded trials than the 0% BM trial (p < 0.01) yet not different from one another (p > 0.07). Conversely, respiration rate was significantly higher with the heavier load in every comparison (p < 0.01). Probability modeling revealed heart rate as the best predictor of task failure (marginal R2, 0.587, conditional R2, 0.791). CONCLUSION Heavy vest-borne loads cause exceptional losses in performance capabilities and increased physiological strain during walking. Heart rate provides a useful non-invasive indicator of relative intensity and task failure during military load carriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Arcidiacono
- United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, 01760, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), 1299 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Lavoie
- United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, 01760, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), 1299 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA; University at Buffalo, SUNY, 211 Kimball Tower, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Adam W Potter
- United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Sai V Vangala
- United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Lucas D Holden
- United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, 01760, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), 1299 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Hope Y Soucy
- United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, 01760, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), 1299 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Anthony J Karis
- United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Karl E Friedl
- United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - William R Santee
- United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - David P Looney
- United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, 01760, USA.
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Ulupınar S, Hazır T, Kin İşler A. The Contribution of Energy Systems in Repeated-Sprint Protocols: The Effect of Distance, Rest, and Repetition. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:173-179. [PMID: 34781827 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1950902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effects of rest intervals, sprint distance, and number of repetitions on performance variables, physiological responses, and energy system contributions in repeated-sprint protocols when total distance variable was the controlled (300 m). Method: Sixteen male soccer players participated in this study. The four protocols, each totaling a distance of 300 m, consisted of the combination of 15 and 30 m sprints with 30 s rest intervals (15meters30sec and 30meters30sec, respectively) and 1:5 work-rest ratios (15meters12sec and 30meters22sec, respectively). Aerobic, glycolytic, and phosphagen energy systems' contributions were calculated from the oxygen consumption (VO2) during the exercise, net lactate production, and the recovery VO2 kinetics using mono-exponential models. Repeated measures ANOVA with the Bonferroni correction was applied to examine the hypothesized differences. Results: The findings indicated that total sprint duration (F3:45=281.14; p<0.001), percentage of performance decline (F3:45=16.58; p<0.001), delta lactate (F3:45=39.72, p<0.001), rating of perceived exertion (F3:45=28.64; p<0.001), energy demand (F3:45=101.6; p<0.001), VO2 during the rest intervals (F3:45=42.72; p<0.001), and the absolute contribution of glycolytic (F3:45=119.6; p<0.001) and phosphagen energy systems (F3:45=72.9; p<0.001) were lowest in the 15meters30sec compared to other protocols. However, the relative contribution of aerobic system was greatest in the 15meters30sec compared to other protocols (F3:45=28.1, p<0.001). Both absolute (F3:45=119.6; p<0.001) and relative contribution of glycolytic system (F3:45=88.5, p<0.001) were greatest in the 30meters22sec compared to other protocols. Conclusion: This study showed that increasing sprint distance when rest interval is equal and decreasing rest interval when sprint distance is equal can increase the glycolytic system contribution.
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Lavoie EM, Holden LD, Vangala SV, Santee WR, Pryor RR, Friedl KE, Potter AW, Looney DP. Effects of modern military footwear on the oxygen costs of walking in US Army personnel. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2022.2164622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Lavoie
- Military Performance Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lucas D. Holden
- Military Performance Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Sai V. Vangala
- Military Performance Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - William R. Santee
- United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Riana R. Pryor
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Karl E. Friedl
- Chief Physiologist of the Army, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Adam W. Potter
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - David P. Looney
- Military Performance Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
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Melo X, Arrais I, Marôco JL, Ribeiro PN, Nabais S, Coelho R, Reis J, Angarten V, Fernhall B, Santa-Clara H. Effects of kettlebell swing training on cardiorespiratory and metabolic demand to a simulated competition in young female artistic gymnasts. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283228. [PMID: 37093847 PMCID: PMC10124852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of adding a Kettlebell Swing training program (KB) to the regular skill-training protocol (REGULAR) on cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiorespiratory/metabolic demand, and recovery to a simulated competition of female artistic gymnastics. Nine gymnasts (13±2 years) had their REGULAR complemented with a 4-week kettlebell training (REGULAR+KB), consisting of 3 sessions/week of 12x30" swings x 30" rest with ¼ of their body weight, while 9 aged-matched gymnasts acted as a comparison group. Peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) during routines was estimated from the O2 recovery curve using backward extrapolation and off-kinetics parameters were modeled through a mono-exponential function. Heart rate (HR) was monitored continuously and capillary blood lactate (BLa-) was measured before and after each routine (1st and 3rd min). Cardiorespiratory fitness ([Formula: see text]) was evaluated using a ramp cycle ergometer test. A training-by-time interaction effect was observed for [Formula: see text] (p = 0.009) as increments were only observed after REGULAR+KB (M = 8.85, SD = 9.67 ml.kg.min-1). No training-by-time interactions were observed for HRpeak (p = 0.39), [Formula: see text] (p = 0.07), or La-post3 (p = 0.25), both training protocols reduced HRpeak (M = -12; SD = 11 b.min-1) and BLa-post1 (M = -0.70; SD = 1.29 mmol.L-1) during the simulated competition, but not relative [Formula: see text]. No training-by-time interaction was observed for the off-transient [Formula: see text] time constant (p = 0.38). [Formula: see text] recovery was slower (M = 5; SD = 10 s) after both protocols. Both training protocols improved cardiorespiratory and metabolic demands and recovery kinetics to a simulated competition of female artistic gymnastics, although increases in cardiorespiratory fitness were only observed in REGULAR+KB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Melo
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Almada, Portugal
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana-Universidade de Lisboa, CIPER-Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Arrais
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana-Universidade de Lisboa, CIPER-Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Lisboa, Portugal
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, Lisboa, Portugal
- Center for Sports Optimization (COD), Sporting Clube de Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Luís Marôco
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana-Universidade de Lisboa, CIPER-Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Lisboa, Portugal
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, Lisboa, Portugal
- Exercise and Health Sciences Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pedro Neto Ribeiro
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, Lisboa, Portugal
- Center for Sports Optimization (COD), Sporting Clube de Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Nabais
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Coelho
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana-Universidade de Lisboa, CIPER-Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Lisboa, Portugal
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Reis
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana-Universidade de Lisboa, CIPER-Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vítor Angarten
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana-Universidade de Lisboa, CIPER-Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bo Fernhall
- Exercise and Health Sciences Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Helena Santa-Clara
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana-Universidade de Lisboa, CIPER-Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Lisboa, Portugal
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, Lisboa, Portugal
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Bartel C, Coswig VS, Protzen GV, Del Vecchio FB. Energy demands in high-intensity intermittent taekwondo specific exercises. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13654. [PMID: 36039367 PMCID: PMC9419715 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Taekwondo is an intermittent Olympic combat sport, which shows an aerobic predominance in matches and high participation of alactic metabolism for actions that determine competitive success. However, there is no information on energetic contribution systems in different high-intensity intermittent exercises for metabolic conditioning with specific movements. The study aimed to measure the physiological demands, mainly the energy expenditure, in taekwondo-specific high-intensity intermittent exercises (HIIE). Methods This study recruited ten male black belt athletes with a mean age of 20.2 ± 4 years, body mass of 62.8 ± 10.5 kg and height of 170.6 ± 7.8 cm, and total practice time of 11.8 ± 5.4 years. Subjects performed an incremental specific test and three different HIIE protocols on nonconsecutive days, and all comprised three 2-min rounds and 1 min of recovery between rounds. Heart rate, oxygen consumption, and blood lactate were measured. Energetic expenditure of aerobic, alactic, and lactic metabolisms was estimated through oxygen consumption, excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, and peak blood lactate after each round. Results For the mean of the three rounds, the TKDtest100 resulted in higher absolute and relative contribution from the aerobic metabolism (52.4 ± 4%; p = 0.01) and lower than the 35:5 relative alactic contribution (48.7 ± 5.4%; p = 0.03). Conclusion The mean of the three rounds for 35:5 and 15:10:5 presented similar absolute and relative contributions of aerobic and alactic metabolisms, whereas the TKDtest100 was a predominantly aerobic activity. We emphasize that aerobic metabolism was predominant from the second round in the 15:10:5 and 100%TKDtest protocols and in the last round of the 35:5 protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Bartel
- Superior School of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Victor S. Coswig
- Physical Education and Sports Institute, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil,Post Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | - Gabriel V. Protzen
- Superior School of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,Health Sciences Department, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabricio B. Del Vecchio
- Superior School of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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11
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Campos EZ, Kalva-Filho CA, Silva MS, Arruda TB, Gobbi RB, Manchado-Gobatto FB, Papoti M. Anaerobic Contribution Determined in Free-Swimming: Sensitivity to Maturation Stages and Validity. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:760296. [PMID: 35655527 PMCID: PMC9152434 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.760296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of anaerobic contribution is important under swimming settings (training and modification through ages), therefore, it is expected to change during maturation. The accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD) method can be used to determine the contribution of nonoxidative energy during swimming; however, it requires several days of evaluation. An alternative method to estimate anaerobic contribution evaluation (ACALT), which can also be evaluated without snorkel (i.e., free-swimming, ACFS), has been proposed; however, these methods have never been compared. Thus, this study (i) analyzed the effect of maturation stage on ACFS during maximal 400 m swimming (Part I), and (ii) compared AOD with ACALT and ACFS, determined in a maximal 400 m effort (Part II). In Part I, 34 swimmers were divided into three groups, according to maturation stages (early-pubertal, middle-pubertal, and pubertal), and subjected to a maximal 400 m free-swimming to determine ACFS. In Part II, six swimmers were subjected to one 400 m maximal effort, and four submaximal constant efforts. The AOD was determined by the difference between the estimated demand and accumulated oxygen during the entire effort. The ACALT and ACFS (for Part I as well) was assumed as the sum of lactic and alactic anaerobic contributions. ACFS was higher in pubertal (3.8 ± 1.1 L) than early (2.1 ± 0.9 L) and middle pubertal group (2.4 ± 1.1 L). No difference was observed among absolute AOD (3.2 ± 1.3 L), ACALT (3.2 ± 1.5 L), and ACFS (4.0 ± 0.9 L) (F = 3.6; p = 0.06). Relative AOD (51.8 ± 12.2 mL·kg−1), ACALT (50.5 ± 14.3 mL·kg−1), and ACFS (65.2 ± 8.8 mL·kg−1) presented main effect (F = 4.49; p = 0.04), without posthoc difference. The bias of AOD vs. ACALT was 0.04 L, and AOD vs. ACFS was −0.74 L. The limits of agreement between AOD and ACALT were +0.9 L and −0.8 L, and between AOD and ACFS were +0.7 L and −2.7 L. It can be concluded that ACFS determination is a feasible tool to determine anaerobic contribution in young swimmers, and it changes during maturation stages. Also, ACFS might be useful to measure anaerobic contribution in swimmers, especially because it allows greater speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Zapaterra Campos
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Sports Performance Research Nucleus (NIDE), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Kalva-Filho
- Study Group in Physiological Sciences and Exercise (GECIFEX), School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, EEFERP-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Souza Silva
- Study Group in Physiological Sciences and Exercise (GECIFEX), School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, EEFERP-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tarine Botta Arruda
- Study Group in Physiological Sciences and Exercise (GECIFEX), School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, EEFERP-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Bucken Gobbi
- Study Group in Physiological Sciences and Exercise (GECIFEX), School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, EEFERP-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Papoti
- Study Group in Physiological Sciences and Exercise (GECIFEX), School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, EEFERP-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marcelo Papoti
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12
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João GA, Almeida GPL, Tavares LD, Kalva-Filho CA, Carvas Junior N, Pontes FL, Baker JS, Bocalini DS, Figueira AJ. Acute Behavior of Oxygen Consumption, Lactate Concentrations, and Energy Expenditure During Resistance Training: Comparisons Among Three Intensities. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:797604. [PMID: 34977570 PMCID: PMC8714826 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.797604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to compare the oxygen consumption, lactate concentrations, and energy expenditure using three different intensities during the resistance training sessions. Methods: A total of 15 men (22.9 ± 2.61 years) experienced in resistance training underwent 3 sessions composed of 8 exercises (chest press, pec deck, squat, lat pull-down, biceps curl, triceps extension, hamstring curl, and crunch machine), which were applied in the same order. The weight lifted differed among the sessions [high session: 6 sets of 5 repetitions at 90% of 1-repetition maximum (1-RM); intermediary session: 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 75% of 1-RM; and low session: 2 sets of 15 repetitions at 60% of 1-RM]. The oxygen consumption (VO2)—during and after (excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)) the session, blood lactate concentration, and energy expenditure (i.e., the sum of aerobic and anaerobic contributions, respectively) were assessed. Results: The VO2 significantly decreased in the function of the weight lifting (F(2.28) = 17.02; p < 0.01; ηG2 = 0.32). However, the aerobic contributions significantly increase in the function of the weight lifting (F(2.28) = 79.18; p < 0.01; ηG2 = 0.75). The anaerobic contributions were not different among the sessions (p > 0.05; ηG2 < 0.01). Thus, the total energy expenditure during the session (kcal) significantly increased in the function of the weight lifting (F(2.28) = 86.68; p < 0.01; ηG2 = 0.75). The energy expenditure expressed in time unit (kcal·min−1) was higher in low session than in high session (F(2.28) = 6.20; p < 0.01; ηG2 = 0.15). Conclusion: The weight lifted during resistance training-induced different physiological responses, which induced higher energy expenditure per unit of time during the low session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A. João
- Department of Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Metropolitanas Unidas College, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Translational Physiology Laboratory, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo P. L. Almeida
- Department of Translational Physiology Laboratory, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Gustavo P. L. Almeida
| | - Lucas D. Tavares
- Department of Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Metropolitanas Unidas College, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Kalva-Filho
- Laboratory of Applied Sports Science, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Nelson Carvas Junior
- Department of Evidence-Based Health, Brazilian Cochrane Center, University Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco L. Pontes
- Physical Activity and Aging Laboratory, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danilo S. Bocalini
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center of Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Aylton J. Figueira
- Department of Translational Physiology Laboratory, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Bastos-Silva VJ, Marinho AH, Bezerra da Silva JB, de Barros Sousa FA, Learsi S, Balikian P, Gomes de Araujo G. Acute metformin administration increases mean power and the early Power phase during a Wingate test in healthy male subjects. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:1065-1072. [PMID: 34003071 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1930191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study tested the hypothesis that acute metformin would increase peak power measured during a Wingate test. Fourteen men (24 ± 6 years; 75.8 ± 10.2 kg; 177 ± 7 cm) participated in four test sessions, conducted in a crossover, counterbalanced, double-blind model. The first and second sessions consisted of anthropometric measurements and one Wingate test per day to assess test-retest reliability. In the last two sessions, the Wingate tests were performed on metformin (500 mg capsule, 1 hour before) or placebo (cellulose capsule, 1 hour before) condition. No differences were found between the placebo and metformin for peak power (1056.8 ± 215.8 W vs. 1095.2 ± 199.3 W, respectively; p = 0.24). Mean power (630.9 ± 87.8 W vs. 613.1 ± 94.8 W, respectively; p=0.01) and total work (18928 ± 2633 kJ vs. 18393 ± 2845 kJ, respectively; p = 0.01) in the metformin condition were higher than the placebo. The power were greater in metformin when compared to the placebo in moments 3 (p = 0.01), 4 (p = 0.01), 5 (p = 0.04), 6 (p = 0.04), 7 (p = 0.02), 8 (p = 0.03) and 9 (p = 0.01) seconds. There were no differences between conditions for the peak lactate (p = 0.08) and the rating of perceived exertion (p = 0.84). Acute metformin administration increased the early power phase and the mean power of a Wingate test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor José Bastos-Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Sports Science, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, PPGCS/PPGNUT, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.,Maurício de Nassau University Center, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Alisson Henrique Marinho
- Laboratory of Applied Sports Science, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, PPGCS/PPGNUT, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | | | - Filipe Antônio de Barros Sousa
- Laboratory of Applied Sports Science, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, PPGCS/PPGNUT, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Sara Learsi
- Laboratory of Applied Sports Science, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, PPGCS/PPGNUT, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Pedro Balikian
- Laboratory of Applied Sports Science, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, PPGCS/PPGNUT, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Gomes de Araujo
- Laboratory of Applied Sports Science, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, PPGCS/PPGNUT, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
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14
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Protzen GV, Bartel C, Coswig VS, Gentil P, Del Vecchio FB. Physiological aspects and energetic contribution in 20s:10s high-intensity interval exercise at different intensities. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9791. [PMID: 33083103 PMCID: PMC7560324 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most popular high-intensity interval exercises is the called “Tabata Protocol”. However, most investigations have limitations in describing the work intensity, and this fact appears to be due to the protocol unfeasibility. Furthermore, the physiological demands and energetic contribution during this kind of exercise remain unclear. Methods Eight physically active students (21.8 ± 3.7 years) and eight well-trained cycling athletes (27.8 ± 6.4 years) were enrolled. In the first visit, we collected descriptive data and the peak power output (PPO). On the next three visits, in random order, participants performed interval training with the same time structure (effort:rest 20s:10s) but using different intensities (115%, 130%, and 170% of PPO). We collected the number of sprints, power output, oxygen consumption, blood lactate, and heart rate. Results The analysis of variance for multivariate test (number of sprints, power output, blood lactate, peak heart rate and percentage of maximal heart rate) showed significant differences between groups (F = 9.62; p = 0.001) and intensities (F = 384.05; p < 0.001), with no interactions (F = 0.94; p = 0.57). All three energetic contributions and intensities were different between protocols. The higher contribution was aerobic, followed by alactic and lactic. The aerobic contribution was higher at 115%PPO, while the alactic system showed higher contribution at 130%PPO. In conclusion, the aerobic system was predominant in the three exercise protocols, and we observed a higher contribution at lower intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel V Protzen
- Physical Education College, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Charles Bartel
- Physical Education College, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Physical Education Center Admiral Adalberto Nunes, Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor S Coswig
- Faculty of Physical Education, Federal University of Para, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | - Paulo Gentil
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Goiás
| | - Fabricio B Del Vecchio
- Physical Education College, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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15
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Rodrigues-Krause J, Silveira FPD, Farinha JB, Junior JV, Marini C, Fragoso EB, Reischak-Oliveira A. Cardiorespiratory Responses and Energy Contribution in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Exercise Sets. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2020.1829429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Josianne Rodrigues-Krause
- Department of Physical Education, Physiotheraphy and Dance, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Pereira da Silveira
- Department of Physical Education, Physiotheraphy and Dance, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliano Boufleur Farinha
- Department of Physical Education, Physiotheraphy and Dance, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - João Vargas Junior
- Department of Physical Education, Physiotheraphy and Dance, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Marini
- Department of Physical Education, Physiotheraphy and Dance, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Emerson Barata Fragoso
- Department of Physical Education, Physiotheraphy and Dance, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Reischak-Oliveira
- Department of Physical Education, Physiotheraphy and Dance, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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16
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Rodrigo-Carranza V, González-Mohíno F, Santos-Concejero J, González-Ravé JM. Influence of Shoe Mass on Performance and Running Economy in Trained Runners. Front Physiol 2020; 11:573660. [PMID: 33071828 PMCID: PMC7538857 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.573660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the effects of adding shoe mass on running economy (RE), gait characteristics, neuromuscular variables and performance in a group of trained runners. Methods Eleven trained runners (6 men and 5 women) completed four evaluation sessions separated by at least 7 days. The first session consisted of a maximal incremental test where the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) and the speed associated to the VO2max (vVO2max) were calculated. In the next sessions, RE at 75, 85, and 95% of the VT2 and the time to exhaustion (TTE) at vVO2max were assessed in three different shoe mass conditions (control, +50 g and +100 g) in a randomized, counterbalanced crossover design. Biomechanical and neuromuscular variables, blood lactate and energy expenditure were measured during the TTE test. Results RE worsened with the increment of shoe mass (Control vs. 100 g) at 85% (7.40%, 4.409 ± 0.29 and 4.735 ± 0.27 kJ⋅kg−1⋅km−1, p = 0.021) and 95% (10.21%, 4.298 ± 0.24 and 4.737 ± 0.45 kJ⋅kg−1⋅km−1, p = 0.005) of VT2. HR significantly increased with the addition of mass (50 g) at 75% of VT2 (p = 0.01) and at 75, 85, and 95% of VT2 (p = 0.035, 0.03, and 0.03, respectively) with the addition of 100 g. TTE was significantly longer (∼22%, ∼42 s, p = 0.002, ES = 0.149) in the Control condition vs. 100 g condition, but not between Control vs. 50 g (∼24 s, p = 0.094, ES = 0.068). Conclusion Overall, our findings suggest that adding 100 g per shoe impairs running economy and performance in trained runners without changes in gait characteristics or neuromuscular variables. These findings further support the use of light footwear to optimize running performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando González-Mohíno
- Sport Training Lab, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,Facultad de Lenguas y Educación, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordan Santos-Concejero
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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17
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Bottollier V, Coulmy N, Le Quellec L, Prioux J. Energy Demands in Well-Trained Alpine Ski Racers During Different Duration of Slalom and Giant Slalom Runs. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:2156-2164. [PMID: 32735424 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bottollier, V, Coulmy, N, Le Quellec, L, and Prioux, J. Energy demands in well-trained alpine ski racers during different duration of slalom and giant slalom runs. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2156-2164, 2020-The purpose of this study was to investigate the energy demands of different duration slalom (SL) and giant slalom (GS) events in well-trained alpine ski racers. Eight well-trained alpine ski racers (age: 18.2 ± 0.8 years; stature: 1.72 ± 0.10 m; body mass: 65.8 ± 12.0 kg) performed an incremental laboratory test on cycle ergometer and 4 standardized alpine ski runs: short (ST) and long (LG) versions of SL and GS (SLST, SLLG, GSST, and GSLG). Oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2) and heart rate (HR) were recorded continuously in all conditions. Blood lactate ([La]) was determined immediately before run and 3 and 5 minutes after run ([La]peak). The contribution of aerobic, glycolytic, and phosphagen energy systems was estimated. The aerobic system was the primary energy system involved in GSST (43.9 ± 5.7%) and GSLG (48.5 ± 2.5%). No significant difference in the contribution of aerobic and glycolytic systems was observed in SLST and SLLG. [La]peak was higher in SLLG (11.10 ± 2.41 mmol·L) than in GSST (8.01 ± 2.01 mmol·L). There was no difference in oxygen uptake peak between GSST and GSLG. Energetic training goals should focus on the improvement of both aerobic, glycolytic, and phosphagen systems for alpine ski racers who perform SL and GS. Giant slalom specialists might benefit from emphasizing the improvement of the aerobic system, without neglecting other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Bottollier
- Scientific Department, French Ski Federation, Annecy, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) Rennes, Bruz, France; and.,M2S Laboratory (Movement, Sports & Health), University of Rennes 2, France
| | - Nicolas Coulmy
- Scientific Department, French Ski Federation, Annecy, France
| | - Loïc Le Quellec
- Scientific Department, French Ski Federation, Annecy, France
| | - Jacques Prioux
- Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) Rennes, Bruz, France; and.,M2S Laboratory (Movement, Sports & Health), University of Rennes 2, France
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18
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Doria C, Verratti V, Pietrangelo T, Fanò-Illic G, Bisconti AV, Shokohyar S, Rampichini S, Limonta E, Coratella G, Longo S, Cè E, Esposito F. Changes in energy system contributions to the Wingate anaerobic test in climbers after a high altitude expedition. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1629-1636. [PMID: 32494861 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Wingate anaerobic test measures the maximum anaerobic capacity of the lower limbs. The energy sources of Wingate test are dominated by anaerobic metabolism (~ 80%). Chronic high altitude exposure induces adaptations on skeletal muscle function and metabolism. Therefore, the study aim was to investigate possible changes in the energy system contribution to Wingate test before and after a high-altitude sojourn. METHODS Seven male climbers performed a Wingate test before and after a 43-day expedition in the Himalaya (23 days above 5.000 m). Mechanical parameters included: peak power (PP), average power (AP), minimum power (MP) and fatigue index (FI). The metabolic equivalents were calculated as aerobic contribution from O2 uptake during the 30-s exercise phase (WVO2), lactic and alactic anaerobic energy sources were determined from net lactate production (WLa) and the fast component of the kinetics of post-exercise oxygen uptake (WPCr), respectively. The total metabolic work (WTOT) was calculated as the sum of the three energy sources. RESULTS PP and AP decreased from 7.3 ± 1.1 to 6.7 ± 1.1 W/kg and from 5.9 ± 0.7 to 5.4 ± 0.8 W/kg, respectively, while FI was unchanged. WTOT declined from 103.9 ± 28.7 to 83.8 ± 17.8 kJ. Relative aerobic contribution remained unchanged (19.9 ± 4.8% vs 18.3 ± 2.3%), while anaerobic lactic and alactic contributions decreased from 48.3 ± 11.7 to 43.1 ± 8.9% and increased from 31.8 ± 14.5 to 38.6 ± 7.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION Chronic high altitude exposure induced a reduction in both mechanical and metabolic parameters of Wingate test. The anaerobic alactic relative contribution increased while the anaerobic lactic decreased, leaving unaffected the overall relative anaerobic contribution to Wingate test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Doria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - V Verratti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - T Pietrangelo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - G Fanò-Illic
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - A V Bisconti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - S Shokohyar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - S Rampichini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - E Limonta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - G Coratella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - S Longo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - E Cè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - F Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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19
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Alterations in energy system contribution following upper body sprint interval training. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:643-651. [PMID: 31974857 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04304-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary purpose of this study was to examine the influence of different work-to-rest ratios on relative energy system utilization during short-term upper-body sprint interval training (SIT) protocols. METHODS Forty-two recreationally trained men were randomized into one of three training groups [10 s work bouts with 2 min of rest (10:2, n = 11) or 4 min of rest (10:4, n = 11), or 30 s work bouts with 4 min of rest (30:4, n = 10)] or a control group (CON, n = 10). Participants underwent six training sessions over 2 weeks with 4-6 'all-out' sprints. Participants completed an upper body Wingate test (30 s 'all-out' using 0.05 kg kg-1 of the participant's body mass) pre- and post-intervention from which oxygen consumption and blood lactate were used to estimate oxidative, glycolytic, and adenosine triphosphate-phosphocreatine (ATP-PCr) energy system provisions. An analysis of covariance was performed on all testing measurements collected at post with the associated pre-values used as covariates. RESULTS Relative energy contribution (p = 0.026) and energy expenditure (p = 0.019) of the ATP-PCr energy system were greater in 10:4 (49.9%; 62.1 kJ) compared to CON (43.1%; 47.2 kJ) post training. No significant differences were found between groups in glycolytic or oxidative energy contribution over a 30 s upper body Wingate test. CONCLUSION SIT protocols with smaller work-to-rest ratios may enhance ATP-PCr utilization in a 30 s upper body Wingate over a 2-week intervention.
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20
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Marinho AH, Mendes EV, Vilela RA, Bastos-Silva VJ, Araujo GG, Balikian P. Caffeine mouth rinse has no effects on anaerobic energy yield during a Wingate Test. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:69-74. [DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.19.09928-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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João GA, Rodriguez D, Tavares LD, Rica RL, Júnior NC, Reis VM, Pontes Junior FL, Baker JS, Bocalini DS, Júnior AF. Energy expenditure estimation of a moderate-intensity strength training session. COGENT MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2020.1794500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Ferreira GA, Felippe LC, Bertuzzi R, Bishop DJ, Ramos IS, De-Oliveira FR, Lima-Silva AE. Does caffeine ingestion before a short-term sprint interval training promote body fat loss? Braz J Med Biol Res 2019; 52:e9169. [PMID: 31826183 PMCID: PMC6903805 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20199169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of caffeine ingestion combined with a 2-wk sprint interval training (SIT) on training-induced reductions in body adiposity. Twenty physically-active men ingested either 5 mg/kg of cellulose as a placebo (PLA, n=10) or 5 mg/kg of caffeine (CAF, n=10) 60 min before each SIT session (13×30 s sprint/15 s of rest). Body mass and skinfold thickness were measured pre- and post-training. Energy expenditure was measured at rest, during exercise, and 45 min after exercise in the first SIT session. Body fat was similar between PLA and CAF groups at pre-training (P>0.05). However, there was a significant decrease in body fat after training in the CAF group (−5.9±4.2%, P<0.05) but not in PLA (1.5±8.0%, P>0.05). There was no difference in energy expenditure at rest and during exercise between PLA and CAF groups (P>0.05), but the post-exercise energy expenditure was 18.3±21.4% greater in the CAF than in the PLA group (P<0.05). In conclusion, caffeine ingestion before SIT sessions induced a body fat loss that may be associated with higher post-exercise energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Ferreira
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ciências dos Esportes, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
| | - L C Felippe
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ciências dos Esportes, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
| | - R Bertuzzi
- Grupo de Estudos em Desempenho Aeróbio da USP, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - D J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - I S Ramos
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ciências dos Esportes, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
| | - F R De-Oliveira
- Núcleo de Estudos do Movimento Humano, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - A E Lima-Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ciências dos Esportes, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil.,Grupo de Pesquisa em Performance Humana, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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Acute low- compared to high-load resistance training to failure results in greater energy expenditure during exercise in healthy young men. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224801. [PMID: 31710635 PMCID: PMC6844472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to verify the energy expenditure (EE), energy system contributions and autonomic control during and after an acute low-load or high-load resistance training (RT) protocol to momentary failure (MF) in young adults. Eleven young men (22 ± 3 yrs, 71.8 ± 7.7 kg; 1.75 ± 0.06 m) underwent a randomized crossover design of three knee extension acute protocols: a low-load RT [30% of their maximal strength (1RM); RT30] or a high-load RT (80% of 1RM; RT80) protocol, with all sets being performed to MF; or a control session (Control) without exercise. Participants were measured for EE, energy system contributions, and cardiac autonomic control before, during, and after each exercise session. Exercise EE was significantly higher for RT30 as compared to RT80. Furthermore, post measurements of blood lactate levels and the anaerobic lactic system contribution were significantly greater for RT30 as compared to RT80. In addition, parasympathetic restoration was lower for RT30 as compared to RT80. In conclusion, a low-load (30% 1RM) RT session produced higher EE during exercise than a high-load (80% 1RM) RT session to MF, and may be a good option for fitness professionals, exercise physiologists, and practitioners when choosing the optimal RT protocol that provides more EE, especially for those who want or need to lose weight.
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Julio UF, Panissa VLG, Cury RL, Agostinho MF, Esteves JVDC, Franchini E. Energy System Contributions in Upper and Lower Body Wingate Tests in Highly Trained Athletes. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2019; 90:244-250. [PMID: 30908121 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1576839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared the energy system contributions and relationship between mechanical and energy system variables in upper and lower body Wingate tests (WAnT) in judo athletes. METHOD Eleven male judo athletes (18 ± 1 years, 174.3 ± 5.3 cm, 72.6 ± 9.9 kg, 11.8 ± 1.7% body fat) attended two laboratory sessions to perform two WAnT (upper and lower body) and two incremental tests (upper and lower body). The energy contributions of the oxidative, glycolytic, and phosphagen (ATP-PCr) systems were estimated based on oxygen consumption ( V˙O2 ) during WAnT, delta of lactate, and the fast phase of excess V˙O2 , respectively. RESULTS The upper and lower body presented similar results of oxidative (21 ± 4% vs 23 ± 3%) and ATP-PCr system contributions (29 ± 6% vs 32 ± 5%). The glycolytic system contribution (50 ± 5% vs 45 ± 4%) was higher in the upper body. The variance of mechanical variables in upper body was explained by glycolytic (R2 = 0.49-0.62) and oxidative systems (R2 = 0.44-0.49), whereas the variance of mechanical variables in lower body was explained by ATP-PCr (R2 = 0.41-0.55) and glycolytic systems (R2 = 0.62-0.94). CONCLUSIONS During WAnT, the glycolytic system presented the major energy contribution, being higher in the upper body. Moreover, mechanical and energy system variables presented a distinct relationship when comparing upper and lower body WAnT.
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Energetic Profile of the Basketball Exercise Simulation Test in Junior Elite Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2018; 13:810-815. [PMID: 29182413 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2017-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the energetic profile of the Basketball Exercise Simulation Test (BEST). METHODS Ten male elite junior basketball players (age 15.5 [0.6] y, height 180 [9] cm, and body mass 66.1 [11.2] kg) performed a modified BEST (20 circuits consisting of jumping, sprinting, jogging, shuffling, and short breaks) simulating professional basketball game play. Circuit time, sprint time, sprint decrement, oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate, and blood lactate concentration (blc) were obtained. Metabolic energy and metabolic power above rest (Wtot and Ptot), as well as energy share in terms of aerobic (Waer), glycolytic (Wblc), and high-energy phosphates (WPCr), were calculated from VO2 during exercise, net lactate production, and the fast component of postexercise VO2 kinetics, respectively. RESULTS Waer, Wblc, and WPCr reflect 89% (2%), 5% (1%), and 6% (1%) of total energy needed, respectively. Assuming an aerobic replenishment of PCr energy stores during short breaks, the adjusted energy share yielded Waer 66% (4%), Wblc 5% (1%), and WPCr 29% (1%). Waer and WPCr were negatively correlated (-0.72 and -0.59) with sprint time, which was not the case for Wblc. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with general findings on energy system interaction during repeated high-intensity exercise bouts, the intermittent profile of the BEST relies primarily on aerobic energy combined with repetitive supplementation by anaerobic utilization of high-energy phosphates.
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Čular D, Ivančev V, Zagatto AM, Milić M, Beslija T, Sellami M, Padulo J. Validity and Reliability of the 30-s Continuous Jump for Anaerobic Power and Capacity Assessment in Combat Sport. Front Physiol 2018; 9:543. [PMID: 29867580 PMCID: PMC5962763 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cycling test such Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) is used to measure anaerobic power (AP), but not anaerobic capacity (AC, i.e., the metabolic energy demand). However, in sports that do not involve cycling movements (Karate), the continuous jump for 30 s (vertical jumps for 30 s) has been extensively used to measure anaerobic performance in all young athletes. Limited information’s are available concerning its validity and reliability especially in children. As such, the current study aimed to test validity and reliability of a continuous jumps test (the CJ30s), using WAnT as a reference. Thirteen female Karate kids (age: 11.07 ± 1.32 years; mass: 41.76 ± 15.32 kg; height: 152 ± 11.52 cm; training experience: 4.38 ± 2.14 years) were tested on three separate sessions. The first and second sessions were used to assess the reliability using Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of CJ30s, whereas on the third session WAnT was administered. Following CJ30s and WAnT, we assessed AP (1/CJ30s, as jump height [JH], fatigue index [FI], and blood lactate [BL]; 2/WAnT, as mechanical power [P], FI, and BL) and AC as the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). Large/highly significant correlations were found between CJ30s and WAnT EPOCs (r = 0.730, P = 0.003), and BLs (r = 0.713, P = 0.009). Moderate/significant correlations were found between CJ30s and WAnT FIs (r = 0.640, P = 0.014), CJ30s first four jumps mean JH and WAnT peak P (r = 0.572, P = 0.032), and CJ30s mean JH and WAnT mean P (r = 0.589, P = 0.021). CJ30s showed excellent and moderate reliability (ICC) for AP (maximal JH 0.884, mean JH 0.742, FI 0.657, BL 0.653) and AC (EPOC 0.788), respectively. Correlations observed especially in terms of AC between CJ30s and WAnT provide evidence that former may adequately assess anaerobic performance for the young combat athlete. CJ30 is a reliable test and allow an easy assessment of AP and AC in karate children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drazen Čular
- Faculty of kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia.,Croatian Institute for Kinesiology and Sport, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Alessandro M Zagatto
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physical Education, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Mirjana Milić
- Faculty of kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Tea Beslija
- Faculty of kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Maha Sellami
- Faculty of kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Johnny Padulo
- Faculty of kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia.,University eCampus, Novedrate, Italy
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Trojbicz LR, Damasceno MV, Pasqua LA, Gáspari AF, Lima-Silva AE, Bertuzzi R. Parasympathetic activity delayed after self-paced exercise. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 18:842-850. [PMID: 29667537 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1462855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the constant load and self-paced exercise with similar total work on autonomic control after endurance exercise. Ten physically active men were submitted to (i) a maximal incremental exercise test, (ii) a 4-km cycling time trial (4-km TT), and (iii) a constant workload test with identical total external work performed at 4-km TT. Gas exchange was measured throughout the tests, while blood lactate, heart rate, and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured during the passive recovery. Power output measured at the last lap (i.e. 3600-4000 m) of 4-km TT (316 ± 89 W) was statistically higher than power output measured at the end of the constant workload exercise (211 ± 42 W). The 4-km TT produced higher values of blood lactate concentration (8.8 ± 2.1 mmol L-1) than the constant workload test (7.8 ± 2.1 mmol L-1). The heart rate recovery measured at 60 s (constant workload: 37 ± 7 bpm; 4-km TT: 30 ± 6) and 120 s (constant workload: 57 ± 9 bpm; 4-km TT: 51 ± 9 bpm) were higher in the constant workload than in the self-paced exercise. The HRV (i.e. RMSSD30s) was statistically higher in the constant load exercise measured at 120, 420, 450, 480, 540, and 570 s than the self-paced exercise. These findings suggest that the autonomic control responses were dependent of the endurance exercise modalities, with parasympathetic activity being delayed after self-paced exercise, as evidenced by post-exercise heart rate indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Rosiello Trojbicz
- a Endurance Sports Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Mayara Vieira Damasceno
- a Endurance Sports Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Leonardo Alves Pasqua
- a Endurance Sports Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Arthur Fernandes Gáspari
- a Endurance Sports Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva
- b Sports Science Research Group, Faculty of Nutrition , Federal University of Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil.,c Human Performance Research Group , Technological Federal University of Parana , Parana , Brazil
| | - Rômulo Bertuzzi
- a Endurance Sports Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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Conceição MS, Gáspari AF, Ramkrapes APB, Junior EMM, Bertuzzi R, Cavaglieri CR, Chacon-Mikahil MPT. Anaerobic metabolism induces greater total energy expenditure during exercise with blood flow restriction. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194776. [PMID: 29596452 PMCID: PMC5875813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the energy system contributions and total energy expenditure during low intensity endurance exercise associated with blood flow restriction (LIE-BFR) and without blood flow restriction (LIE). METHODS Twelve males participated in a contra-balanced, cross-over design in which subjects completed a bout of low-intensity endurance exercise (30min cycling at 40% of [Formula: see text]) with or without BFR, separated by at least 72 hours of recovery. Blood lactate accumulation and oxygen uptake during and after exercise were used to estimate the anaerobic lactic metabolism, aerobic metabolism, and anaerobic alactic metabolism contributions, respectively. RESULTS There were significant increases in the anaerobic lactic metabolism (P = 0.008), aerobic metabolism (P = 0.020), and total energy expenditure (P = 0.008) in the LIE-BFR. No significant differences between conditions for the anaerobic alactic metabolism were found (P = 0.582). Plasma lactate concentration was significantly higher in the LIE-BFR at 15min and peak post-exercise (all P≤0.008). Heart rate was significantly higher in the LIE-BFR at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30min during exercise, and 5, 10, and 15min after exercise (all P≤0.03). Ventilation was significantly higher in the LIE-BFR at 10, 15, and 20min during exercise (all P≤0.003). CONCLUSION Low-intensity endurance exercise performed with blood flow restriction increases the anaerobic lactic and aerobic metabolisms, total energy expenditure, and cardiorespiratory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel S. Conceição
- Exercise Physiology Lab., School of Physical Education, University of Campinas–Campinas/Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arthur F. Gáspari
- Exercise Physiology Lab., School of Physical Education, University of Campinas–Campinas/Brazil
- Endurance Sports Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo—São Paulo/Brazil
| | - Ana P. B. Ramkrapes
- Exercise Physiology Lab., School of Physical Education, University of Campinas–Campinas/Brazil
| | - Edson M. M. Junior
- Exercise Physiology Lab., School of Physical Education, University of Campinas–Campinas/Brazil
| | - Romulo Bertuzzi
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Endurance Sports Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo—São Paulo/Brazil
| | - Cláudia R. Cavaglieri
- Exercise Physiology Lab., School of Physical Education, University of Campinas–Campinas/Brazil
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Bastos-Silva VJ, Araujo GGD, Franco SVDS, Melo ADA, Learsi SK, Lima-Silva AE, Bertuzzi R. Carbohydrate mouth rinse reduces rating of perceived exertion but does not affect performance and energy systems contribution during a high-intensity exercise. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201700030013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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30
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Arcoverde L, Silveira R, Tomazini F, Sansonio A, Bertuzzi R, Lima-Silva AE, Andrade-Souza VA. Effect of caffeine ingestion on anaerobic capacity quantified by different methods. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179457. [PMID: 28617848 PMCID: PMC5472322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether caffeine ingestion before submaximal exercise bouts would affect supramaximal oxygen demand and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD), and if caffeine-induced improvement on the anaerobic capacity (AC) could be detected by different methods. Nine men took part in several submaximal and supramaximal exercise bouts one hour after ingesting caffeine (5 mg·kg-1) or placebo. The AC was estimated by MAOD, alternative MAOD, critical power, and gross efficiency methods. Caffeine had no effect on exercise endurance during the supramaximal bout (caffeine: 131.3 ± 21.9 and placebo: 130.8 ± 20.8 s, P = 0.80). Caffeine ingestion before submaximal trials did not affect supramaximal oxygen demand and MAOD compared to placebo (7.88 ± 1.56 L and 65.80 ± 16.06 kJ vs. 7.89 ± 1.30 L and 62.85 ± 13.67 kJ, P = 0.99). Additionally, MAOD was similar between caffeine and placebo when supramaximal oxygen demand was estimated without caffeine effects during submaximal bouts (67.02 ± 16.36 and 62.85 ± 13.67 kJ, P = 0.41) or when estimated by alternative MAOD (56.61 ± 8.49 and 56.87 ± 9.76 kJ, P = 0.91). The AC estimated by gross efficiency was also similar between caffeine and placebo (21.80 ± 3.09 and 20.94 ± 2.67 kJ, P = 0.15), but was lower in caffeine when estimated by critical power method (16.2 ± 2.6 vs. 19.3 ± 3.5 kJ, P = 0.03). In conclusion, caffeine ingestion before submaximal bouts did not affect supramaximal oxygen demand and consequently MAOD. Otherwise, caffeine seems to have no clear positive effect on AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyana Arcoverde
- Sport Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Silveira
- Sport Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Tomazini
- Sport Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - André Sansonio
- Sport Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Romulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Performance Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva
- Sport Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Human Performance Research Group, Technological Federal University of Parana, Parana, Brazil
| | - Victor Amorim Andrade-Souza
- Sport Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Sousa FAB, Vasque RE, Gobatto CA. Anaerobic metabolism during short all-out efforts in tethered running: Comparison of energy expenditure and mechanical parameters between different sprint durations for testing. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179378. [PMID: 28599009 PMCID: PMC5466345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study's aims to verify the energy expenditure, metabolic distress and usefulness to evaluate the anaerobic constructs for different all-out durations in running efforts. Twelve active male underwent four testing sessions, one for familiarization and three performing one all-out (AO) tethered running sprint lasting 30s, 20s or 10s. Oxygen consumption, excess post exercise oxygen consumption, and lactate production were retained to analyse metabolic function, together with mechanical power and work as performance parameters. Paired results were compared via one-way ANOVA for repeated measures (Tukey-HSD post-hoc), effect sizes and ICC for absolute agreement. Statistical significance was accepted at p ≤ 0.05. Despite total and energy expenditure from oxidative pathway being significantly higher for longer durations (p < 0.001; ES > 0.7), glycolytic energy expenditure presented an agreement between AO30s and AO20s (ICC-A = 0.63*), while the paired comparisons to AO10s have presented significant differences (p < 0.01; ES > 1.0). Phosphagen energy expenditure were similar between all-out durations (p = 0.12; ICC-A = 0.62*; ES < 0.5). Maximum mechanical power was higher in AO10s than in AO30s (p = 0.03; ES = 0.6), not being different between AO10s and AO20s (p = 0.67; ICC-A = 0.88*; ES = 0.2) and between AO20s and AO30s (p = 0.18; ICC-A = 0.56*; ES = 0.4). In addition, agreement between work in the first ten seconds was confirmed via ICC only between AO10s and AO20s (p = 0.50; ICC-A = 0.86*; ES = 0.3), but not for the other paired comparisons (p < 0.1; ICC < 0.45; ES > 0.5). AO20s is a better alternative to estimate anaerobic power and capacity in one single test, with similar oxidative demand than AO30s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Antônio Barros Sousa
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Einstein Integrated Faculties of Limeira, Limeira, Brazil
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