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Kamble N, Reddy VRAP, Jackson B, Anjum FR, Ubachukwu CC, Patil A, Behboudi S. Inhibition of Marek's Disease Virus Replication and Spread by 25-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol In Vitro. Viruses 2023; 15:1652. [PMID: 37631994 PMCID: PMC10457855 DOI: 10.3390/v15081652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV) causes a deadly lymphoproliferative disease in chickens, resulting in huge economic losses in the poultry industry. It has been suggested that MDV suppresses the induction of type I interferons and thus escapes immune control. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H), a gene that encodes an enzyme that catalyses cholesterol to 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), is an interferon-stimulating gene (ISG) known to exert antiviral activities. Other oxysterols, such as 27-hydroxycholesterols (27-HC), have also been shown to exert antiviral activities, and 27-HC is synthesised by the catalysis of cholesterol via the cytochrome P450 enzyme oxidase sterol 27-hydroxylase A1 (CYP27A1). At 24 h post infection (hpi), MDV stimulated a type I interferon (IFN-α) response, which was significantly reduced at 48 and 72 hpi, as detected using the luciferase assay for chicken type I IFNs. Then, using RT-PCR, we demonstrated that chicken type I IFN (IFN-α) upregulates chicken CH25H and CYP27A1 genes in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells. In parallel, our results demonstrate a moderate and transient upregulation of CH25H at 48 hpi and CYP27A1 at 72hpi in MDV-infected CEF cells. A significant reduction in MDV titer and plaque sizes was observed in CEFs treated with 25-HC or 27-HC in vitro, as demonstrated using a standard plaque assay for MDV. Taken together, our results suggest that 25-HC and 27-HC may be useful antiviral agents to control MDV replication and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shahriar Behboudi
- Avian Immunology Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NE, UK (V.R.A.P.R.); (F.R.A.); (C.C.U.); (A.P.)
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2
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Boodhoo N, Matsuyama-Kato A, Raj S, Fazel F, St-Denis M, Sharif S. Effect of Pre-Treatment with a Recombinant Chicken Interleukin-17A on Vaccine Induced Immunity against a Very Virulent Marek's Disease Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:1633. [PMID: 37631976 PMCID: PMC10459749 DOI: 10.3390/v15081633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The host response to pathogenic microbes can lead to expression of interleukin (IL)-17, which has antimicrobial and anti-viral activity. However, relatively little is known about the basic biological role of chicken IL-17A against avian viruses, particularly against Marek's disease virus (MDV). We demonstrate that, following MDV infection, upregulation of IL-17A mRNA and an increase in the frequency of IL-17A+ T cells in the spleen occur compared to control chickens. To elaborate on the role of chIL-17A in MD, the full-length chIL-17A coding sequence was cloned into a pCDNA3.1-V5/HIS TOPO plasmid. The effect of treatment with pcDNA:chIL-17A plasmid in combination with a vaccine (HVT) and very virulent(vv)MDV challenge or vvMDV infection was assessed. In combination with HVT vaccination, chickens that were inoculated with the pcDNA:chIL-17A plasmid had reduced tumor incidence compared to chickens that received the empty vector control or that were vaccinated only (66.6% in the HVT + empty vector group and 73.33% in HVT group versus 53.3% in the HVT + pcDNA:chIL-17A). Further analysis demonstrated that the chickens that received the HVT vaccine and/or plasmid expressing IL-17A had lower MDV-Meq transcripts in the spleen. In conclusion, chIL-17A can influence the immunity conferred by HVT vaccination against MDV infection in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (N.B.); (A.M.-K.); (S.R.); (F.F.); (M.S.-D.)
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3
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Adams JRG, Mehat J, La Ragione R, Behboudi S. Preventing bacterial disease in poultry in the post-antibiotic era: a case for innate immunity modulation as an alternative to antibiotic use. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1205869. [PMID: 37469519 PMCID: PMC10352996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics in the poultry industry has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which pose a significant health risk to humans and animals. These public health concerns, which have led to legislation limiting antibiotic use in animals, drive the need to find alternative strategies for controlling and treating bacterial infections. Modulation of the avian innate immune system using immunostimulatory compounds provides a promising solution to enhance poultry immune responses to a broad range of bacterial infections without the risk of generating antibiotic resistance. An array of immunomodulatory compounds have been investigated for their impact on poultry performance and immune responses. However, further research is required to identify compounds capable of controlling bacterial infections without detrimentally affecting bird performance. It is also crucial to determine the safety and effectiveness of these compounds in conjunction with poultry vaccines. This review provides an overview of the various immune modulators known to enhance innate immunity against avian bacterial pathogens in chickens, and describes the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. G. Adams
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Avian Immunology, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Jai Mehat
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto La Ragione
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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4
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Boodhoo N, Behboudi S. Marek's disease virus-specific T cells proliferate, express antiviral cytokines but have impaired degranulation response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:973762. [PMID: 36189228 PMCID: PMC9521602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.973762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotype is one of the major determinants of genetic resistance and susceptibility of chickens to Marek's disease (MD) which is caused by an oncogenic herpesvirus; Marek's disease virus (MDV). To determine differential functional abilities of T cells associated with resistance and susceptibility to MD, we identified immunodominant CD4+TCRvβ1 T cell epitopes within the pp38 antigen of MDV in B19 and B21 MHC haplotype chickens using an ex vivo ELISPOT assay for chicken IFN-gamma. These novel pp38 peptides were used to characterize differential functional abilities of T cells as associated with resistance and susceptibility to MD. The results demonstrated an upregulation of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10) and lymphocyte lysis-related genes (perforin and granzyme B) in an antigen specific manner using RT-PCR. In the MD-resistant chickens (B21 MHC haplotype), antigen-specific and non-specific response was highly skewed towards Th2 response as defined by higher levels of IL-4 expression as well as lymphocyte lysis-related genes compared to that in the MD-susceptible chicken line (B19 MHC haplotype). Using CD107a degranulation assay, the results showed that MDV infection impairs cytotoxic function of T cells regardless of their genetic background. Taken together, the data demonstrate an association between type of T cell response to pp38 and resistance to the disease and will shed light on our understanding of immune response to this oncogenic herpesvirus and failure to induce sterile immunity.
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Boodhoo N, Shojadoost B, Alizadeh M, Kulkarni RR, Sharif S. Ex Vivo Differential Responsiveness to Clostridium perfringens and Lactococcus lactis by Avian Small Intestine Macrophages and T Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:807343. [PMID: 35222386 PMCID: PMC8863843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.807343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue resident immune system cells in the chicken intestine play a significant role in the protection against pathogens. However, very little is known about these cells. The current study was conducted to further characterize chicken intestinal immune system cells. Furthermore, this study aimed to assess the immune modulatory action of a highly virulent Clostridium perfringens, a commonly found chicken intestinal microbe, in comparison with a non-commensal, Lactococcus lactis, on intestine-derived immune system cells. The results demonstrated varying distribution of innate and adaptive immune cells along the avian gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecal tonsils. In addition, steady-state and tissue-specific presence of CD25+ cells among αβ and γδ T-cell subsets was assessed along the intestine. Ex vivo stimulation with C. perfringens or L. lactis resulted in a significant increase in the frequency of CD25+ T cells (γδ and αβ T cells). In addition, significantly more cell death was observed in ex vivo stimulation with C. perfringens, which was indirectly correlated with a decrease in macrophage activation based on nitric oxide (NO) production with no effect on lymphoid cell responsiveness as per intracellular interferon (IFN)-gamma (γ) staining. Ex vivo stimulation with L. lactis activated γδ T cells and αβ T cells, based on intracellular IFN-γ staining, while it had limited effect on macrophages. However, the ability of γδ and αβ T cells to produce IFN-γ and the ability of macrophages production of NO was rescued in the presence of L. lactis. These results demonstrate the potential application of L. lactis, as a probiotic, against virulent C. perfringens infection in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Boodhoo
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Bahram Shojadoost
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Raveendra R Kulkarni
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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6
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Boodhoo N, Behboudi S. Differential Virus-Specific IFN-Gamma Producing T Cell Responses to Marek's Disease Virus in Chickens With B19 and B21 MHC Haplotypes. Front Immunol 2022; 12:784359. [PMID: 35095857 PMCID: PMC8792850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.784359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Marek’s disease virus (MDV), the etiologic agent for Marek’s disease (MD), causes a deadly lymphoproliferative disease in chickens. Causes of the well-documented association between genetically defined lines of chicken and resistance to MD remain unknown. Here, the frequencies of IFN-gamma producing pp38 and MEQ-specific T cell responses were determined in line N (B21 haplotype; MD-resistant) and line P2a (B19 haplotype, MD-susceptible) chickens after infection with vaccine and/or virulent (RB1B) strains of MDV using both standard ex vivo and cultured chIFN-gamma ELISPOT assays. Notably, MDV infection of naïve and vaccinated MD-resistant chickens induced higher frequencies of IFN-gamma producing MDV-specific T cell responses using the cultured and ex vivo ELISPOT assay, respectively. Remarkably, vaccination did not induce or boost MEQ-specific effector T cells in the susceptible chickens, while it boosted both pp38-and MEQ-specific response in resistant line. Taken together, our results revealed that there is a direct association between the magnitude of T cell responses to pp38 and MEQ of MDV antigens and resistance to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahriar Behboudi
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guilford, United Kingdom
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7
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Shojadoost B, Yitbarek A, Alizadeh M, Kulkarni RR, Astill J, Boodhoo N, Sharif S. Centennial Review: Effects of vitamins A, D, E, and C on the chicken immune system. Poult Sci 2021; 100:100930. [PMID: 33607314 PMCID: PMC7900602 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins are nutritional elements which are necessary for essential activities such as development, growth, and metabolism of cells. In addition to these conventional functions, vitamins A, D, E, and C have vital roles in normal function of the immune system as their deficiency is known to impair innate and adaptive host responses. By altering transcription of multiple immune system genes and contributing to antioxidant activities, these vitamins influence the immune system in different ways including modulation of cell-mediated and antibody-mediated responses, immunoregulation, and antiinflammatory effects. Furthermore, supplementation of these vitamins to poultry may assist the immune system to combat microbial pathogens while reducing detrimental effects associated with stress and enhancing responses to vaccines. In this article, the relationship between the chicken immune system and vitamins A, D, E, and C is reviewed, and evidence from the literature pertaining to how these vitamins exert their antiinflammatory, regulatory, and antimicrobial effects is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Shojadoost
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Yitbarek
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raveendra R Kulkarni
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jake Astill
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nitish Boodhoo
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada.
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Hofmann T, Schmucker S, Sommerfeld V, Huber K, Rodehutscord M, Stefanski V. Immunomodulatory Effects of Dietary Phosphorus and Calcium in Two Strains of Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010129. [PMID: 33430096 PMCID: PMC7826506 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Phosphorus and calcium are essential nutrients for body functions including the immune system and are generally supplemented to poultry diets. Phosphorus is also present in plant feedstuffs, bound as phytate, which can be used by enzymatic hydrolyzation in the chicken. A reduction of dietary mineral phosphorus might consequently be conceivable, without negatively influencing the immune system. The high concentration of calcium in diets for laying hens that is needed for eggshell formation may inhibit phytate degrading enzymes, and thus, decrease phosphorus availability for the hen. Both phytate degradation and several immune parameters are known to be strain-specific, making an interaction of the genetic background and the dietary phosphorus and calcium supply with the immune system likely. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of reduced concentrations of dietary phosphorus and calcium on the peripheral and gut-associated immune system in two laying hen strains. Reduced mineral phosphorus enhanced, while reduced calcium reduced several immune parameters. The two strains showed differences in many immune parameters, but only the impact of dietary phosphorus was influenced by the genetic background. These results suggest that dietary phosphorus and calcium supply may strain-specifically influence immune defense and protection against infection in chicken. Abstract Insufficient nutrient supply can impair the immune system, which is important for animal health and welfare. Since chicken can partly hydrolyze phytate, which is the primary phosphorus storage in plant seeds, a reduction of mineral phosphorus in the diets could be an option for more sustainable egg production. Laying hens require high concentrations of calcium that might inhibit the function of endogenous enzymes for phytate hydrolyzation. The objective of this study was to characterize the impact of standard and reduced dietary phosphorus and calcium concentrations on the number and functionality of immune cells in the peripheral and gut-associated immune system in a white and brown laying hen strain. Reduced mineral phosphorus enhanced several immune parameters such as B cells in blood and IgA concentrations in bile in both strains, and peripheral monocytes and γδ T cells in cecal tonsils in brown hens. Reduced calcium levels resulted in lower numbers of T cells in blood and cecal tonsils in both strains, suggesting negative effects on adaptive immunity. Differences between the two strains were found in almost all immune parameters. Results suggest a potentially beneficial effect of reduced dietary mineral phosphorus on the immune system that is dependent on the genetic background.
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9
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Zanu HK, Kheravii SK, Morgan NK, Bedford MR, Swick RA. Over-processed meat and bone meal and phytase effects on broilers challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis: Part 2. Inositol phosphate esters hydrolysis, intestinal permeability, hematology, jejunal gene expression and intestinal morphology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6:488-498. [PMID: 33364465 PMCID: PMC7750796 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the hypothesis that feeding broilers over-processed meat and bone meal (MBM) would impair gut health in the absence of phytase and in turn, affect inositol phosphate (inositol x-phosphate, IPx: IP3, IP4, IP5 and IP6) ester hydrolysis, intestinal permeability, hematology, jejunal gene expression and intestinal morphology during necrotic enteritis (NE). Ross 308 male broilers (n = 768) were assigned to one of 8 dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with 6 replicate pens per diet and 16 birds per pen in a completely randomized design. Factors were: NE challenge (no or yes), phytase level (500 or 5,000 FTU/kg) and MBM processing (as-received or over-processed). For the NE challenge, half of the birds were challenged with field strains of Eimeria spp. on d 9 and 108 CFU/mL of Clostridium perfringens strain EHE-NE18 on d 14 and 15. A 3-way challenge, phytase and MBM processing interaction was detected for IP5 (P < 0.05) and IP6 (P < 0.05) levels in the ileum. Birds fed low phytase had increased IP5 and IP6 in unchallenged birds only when diets contained over-processed MBM. Challenge with NE increased intestinal permeability as measured by serum fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d; P < 0.001), increased white blood cells (WBC; P < 0.001), decreased mean corpuscular volume (MCV; P < 0.001) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH; P < 0.05), and decreased crypt-to-villi ratio (P < 0.05). The over-processed MBM reduced the villi-to-crypt ratio (P < 0.05). A 3-way challenge × phytase × MBM processing interaction was detected for mucin 2 (MUC-2) expression (P < 0.05) where only in unchallenged birds fed over-processed MBM did high phytase reduce MUC-2 expression. A lower expression of aminopeptidase N (APN; P < 0.001) and vitamin D receptor (VDR; P < 0.001) were recorded in NE challenged birds. In conclusion, NE has a negative impact on the gut and hematology of broilers, but its effect on phytate hydrolysis is minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holy K Zanu
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Sarbast K Kheravii
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Natalie K Morgan
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | | | - Robert A Swick
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
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Geng Y, Ma Q, Wang Z, Guo Y. Dietary vitamin D 3 supplementation protects laying hens against lipopolysaccharide-induced immunological stress. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:58. [PMID: 30116287 PMCID: PMC6086064 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of vitamin D on the immune function of laying hens are not well understood. This study investigated the effects of vitamin D3 (VD3) on laying performance and immunological functions in laying hens under Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Methods In experiment one, 360 Jinghong-1 strain layers (32 weeks) were randomly divided into four groups with six replicates per group and 15 hens per replicate. Hens were fed a basal diet supplemented with different levels of VD3 (0; 500; 1500; or 3000 IU VD3/kg of diet) for 10 weeks to determine laying performance, egg quality, and other parameters. In experiment two, 24 Jinghong laying hens (32 weeks) were fed basal diets with either 0 or 3000 IU VD3/kg of diet. After 10 weeks of feeding, six hens from each treatment were injected intravenously with 8 mg/kg of body weight of either LPS or saline. Blood and spleen samples were obtained for immune parameter analysis 4 h after injection. Results VD3 deficiency reduced egg production and egg quality; in addition, feed intake and feed-to-egg ratio increased. No significant differences were observed in these parameters except eggshell strength between dietary VD3 supplemental levels at 500; 1500; and 3000 IU VD3/kg of diet. VD3 deficiency increased serum hormone (calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, estradiol, and progesterone) and cytokine (IL-6, IL-10) levels, the ratio of IFN-γ to IL-4, myeloperoxidase activity and total IgG content in the serum, and upregulated the blood CD3+ T cell population. Splenic retinoid X receptor (RXR), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) gene mRNA levels were upregulated in VD3-deficienct hens. VD3 deficiency significantly reduced serum Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations and the number of CD4+CD25+ T cells in the blood. These changes were completely normalized by VD3 sufficiency. LPS reduced serum LH concentration, splenic lysozyme, and pIgR gene mRNA levels. LPS induced an increase in total serum IgM levels and the percentage of CD8+ T cells in the blood. The changes were completely reversed by VD3 addition. Conclusion VD3 supplementation could protect laying hens not only from VD3 deficiency but also from immunological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiang Geng
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Wang
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
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11
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He Q, Huang Y, Zhang L, Yan Y, Liu J, Song X, Chen W. Association between vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and hepatitis B virus infection susceptibility: A meta-analysis study. Gene 2017; 645:105-112. [PMID: 29248582 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a serious public health problem. Understanding risk factors associated with development of HBV is greatly important. Numerous studies focus on relationship between vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms (TaqI, FokI, ApaI, BsmI) and the risk of HBV infection in different ethnic groups. However the results published so far are inconsistent. The aim of this study is to quantify the association between VDR polymorphisms with HBV infection by meta-analysis approach. METHODS A systematic search was performed in Pubmed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Database of Chinese Scientific and Technical Periodicals (VIP), and WANFANG. All the relevant studies were published up to October 2016. RESULTS Finally, 15 published studies included 4218 cases and 2298 controls were included in this meta-analysis. It is interesting to note that FokI FF tends to be a risk factor for HBV infection [FF vs. ff: P<0.01, OR (95%CI)=1.54 (1.19-2.00), I2=0.0%], with no heterogeneity. In addition, genotype Ff and allele F could increase HBV infection risk [Ff vs. ff: P<0.01, OR (95%CI)=1.39 (1.13-1.72); F vs. f: P=0.02, OR (95%CI)=1.23(1.04-1.45)]. However, no associations were found about VDR TaqI, ApaI and BsmI polymorphisms with HBV infection based on each comparison model. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicates that FokI genotype FF, Ff and allele F increase the risk of HBV infection. All these results support the notion that VDR FokI genotype might has potential role in HBV susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yecai Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China.
| | - Weixian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
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1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates the phenotype and function of Monocyte derived dendritic cells in cattle. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:390. [PMID: 29237505 PMCID: PMC5729451 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The active form of the vitamin D3, 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) has been shown to have major effects not only on physiological processes but also on the regulation of the immune system of vertebrates. Dendritic cells are specialised antigen presenting cells which are in charge of the initiation of T-cell dependant immune responses and as such are key regulators of responses towards pathogens. In this study we set out to evaluate the effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on the phenotype of cattle monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) and how the conditioning with this vitamin affects the function of these myeloid cells. Results MoDCs were generated from CD14+ monocytes with bovine IL-4 and GM-CSF with or without 1,25-(OH)2D3 supplementation for 10 days. Vitamin D conditioned MoDCs showed a reduced expression of co-stimulatory and antigen presenting molecules, as well as a reduced capability of endocytose ovalbumin. Furthermore, the capacity of MoDCs to induce proliferation in an allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction was abolished when MoDCs were generated in presence of 1,25-(OH)2D3. LPS induced maturation of 1,25-(OH)2D3conditioned MoDCs resulted in lower secretion of IL-12 and higher IL-10 than that observed in MoDCs. Conclusions The typical immunotolerant phenotype observed in cattle DCs after exposure to 1,25-(OH)2D3 has a significant effect on the functionality of these immune cells, inhibiting the T-cell stimulatory capacity of MoDCs. This could have profound implications on how the bovine immune system deals with pathogens, particularly in diseases such as tuberculosis or paratuberculosis.
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Gurung A, Kamble N, Kaufer BB, Pathan A, Behboudi S. Association of Marek's Disease induced immunosuppression with activation of a novel regulatory T cells in chickens. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006745. [PMID: 29267390 PMCID: PMC5739506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) is an alphaherpesvirus that infects chickens, transforms CD4+ T cells and causes deadly lymphomas. In addition, MDV induces immunosuppression early during infection by inducing cell death of the infected lymphocytes, and potentially due to activation of regulatory T (Treg)-cells. Furthermore, immunosuppression also occurs during the transformation phase of the disease; however, it is still unknown how the disease can suppress immune response prior or after lymphoma formation. Here, we demonstrated that chicken TGF-beta+ Treg cells are found in different lymphoid tissues, with the highest levels found in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (cecal tonsil: CT), fostering an immune-privileged microenvironment exerted by TGF-beta. Surprisingly, significantly higher frequencies of TGF-beta+ Treg cells are found in the spleens of MDV-susceptible chicken lines compared to the resistant line, suggesting an association between TGF-beta+ Treg cells and host susceptibility to lymphoma formation. Experimental infection with a virulent MDV elevated the levels of TGF-beta+ Treg cells in the lungs as early as 4 days post infection, and during the transformation phase of the disease in the spleens. In contrast to TGF-beta+ Treg cells, the levels of CD4+CD25+ T cells remained unchanged during the infection and transformation phase of the disease. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the induction of TGF-beta+ Treg cells is associated with pathogenesis of the disease, as the vaccine strain of MDV did not induce TGF-beta+ Treg cells. Similar to human haematopoietic malignant cells, MDV-induced lymphoma cells expressed high levels of TGF-beta but very low levels of TGF-beta receptor I and II genes. The results confirm that COX-2/ PGE2 pathway is involved in immunosuppression induced by MDV-lymphoma cells. Taken together, our results revealed a novel TGF-beta+ Treg subset in chickens that is activated during MDV infection and tumour formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angila Gurung
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, United Kingdom
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nitin Kamble
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Benedikt B. Kaufer
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ansar Pathan
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shahriar Behboudi
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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