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Gunturu DR, Hassan M, Bedi D, Datta P, Manne U, Samuel T. Unlocking the Potential of Therapy-Induced Cytokine Responses: Illuminating New Pathways in Cancer Precision Medicine. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:1195-1206. [PMID: 38534922 PMCID: PMC10968790 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31030089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Precision cancer medicine primarily aims to identify individual patient genomic variations and exploit vulnerabilities in cancer cells to select suitable patients for specific drugs. These genomic features are commonly determined by gene sequencing prior to therapy, to identify individuals who would be most responsive. This precision approach in cancer therapeutics remains a powerful tool that benefits a smaller pool of patients, sparing others from unnecessary treatments. A limitation of this approach is that proteins, not genes, are the ultimate effectors of biological functions, and therefore the targets of therapeutics. An additional dimension in precision medicine that considers an individual's cytokine response to cancer therapeutics is proposed. Cytokine responses to therapy are multifactorial and vary among individuals. Thus, precision is dictated by the nature and magnitude of cytokine responses in the tumor microenvironment exposed to therapy. This review highlights cytokine responses as modules for precision medicine in cancer therapy, including potential challenges. For solid tumors, both detectability of cytokines in tissue fluids and their being amenable to routine sensitive analyses could address the difficulty of specimen collection for diagnosis and monitoring. Therefore, in precision cancer medicine, cytokines offer rational targets that can be utilized to enhance the efficacy of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip R. Gunturu
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA;
| | - Mohammed Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA (T.S.)
| | - Deepa Bedi
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA;
| | - Pran Datta
- School of Medicine-Medicine-Hematology & Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Upender Manne
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Temesgen Samuel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA (T.S.)
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Lennartz P, Thölke D, Bashiri Dezfouli A, Pilz M, Lobinger D, Messner V, Zanth H, Ainslie K, Kafshgari MH, Rammes G, Ballmann M, Schlegel M, Foulds GA, Pockley AG, Schmidt-Graf F, Multhoff G. Biomarkers in Adult-Type Diffuse Gliomas: Elevated Levels of Circulating Vesicular Heat Shock Protein 70 Serve as a Biomarker in Grade 4 Glioblastoma and Increase NK Cell Frequencies in Grade 3 Glioma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3235. [PMID: 38137456 PMCID: PMC10741018 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of circulating Hsp70 levels and their influence on the immunophenotype of circulating lymphocyte subsets were examined as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers for the overall survival (OS) in patients with IDH-mutant WHO grade 3 oligodendroglioma, astrocytoma, and IDH-wildtype grade 4 glioblastoma (GBM). Vesicular and free Hsp70 in the plasma/serum was measured using the Hsp70-exo and R&D Systems DuoSet® Hsp70 ELISAs. The immunophenotype and membrane Hsp70 status was determined by multiparameter flow cytometry on peripheral blood lymphocytes and single-cell suspensions of tumor specimens and cultured cells. Compared to healthy controls, circulating vesicular Hsp70 levels were significantly increased in patients with GBM, concomitant with a significant decrease in the proportion of CD3+/CD4+ helper T cells, whereas the frequency of NK cells was most prominently increased in patients with grade 3 gliomas. Elevated circulating Hsp70 levels and a higher prevalence of activated CD3-/CD56+/CD94+/CD69+ NK cells were associated with an improved OS in grade 3 gliomas, whereas high Hsp70 levels and low CD3+/CD4+ frequencies were associated with an adverse OS in GBM. It is assumed that a reduced membrane Hsp70 density on grade 4 versus grade 3 primary glioma cells and reduced CD3+/CD4+ T cell counts in GBM might drive an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Lennartz
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (D.T.); (A.B.D.); (V.M.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis Thölke
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (D.T.); (A.B.D.); (V.M.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Bashiri Dezfouli
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (D.T.); (A.B.D.); (V.M.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Pilz
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (D.T.); (A.B.D.); (V.M.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Lobinger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, München Klinik Bogenhausen, Lehrkrankenhaus der TUM, 81925 Munich, Germany;
| | - Verena Messner
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (D.T.); (A.B.D.); (V.M.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah Zanth
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (D.T.); (A.B.D.); (V.M.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Karen Ainslie
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (D.T.); (A.B.D.); (V.M.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Morteza Hasanzadeh Kafshgari
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (D.T.); (A.B.D.); (V.M.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Electronics, Central Instititute for Translational Cancer Research, Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rammes
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany (M.S.)
| | - Markus Ballmann
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany (M.S.)
| | - Martin Schlegel
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany (M.S.)
| | - Gemma Ann Foulds
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (G.A.F.); (A.G.P.)
| | - Alan Graham Pockley
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (G.A.F.); (A.G.P.)
| | - Friederike Schmidt-Graf
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (D.T.); (A.B.D.); (V.M.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Jin F, Liu W, Cheng G, Cai S, Yin T, Diao L. The function of decidua natural killer cells in physiology and pathology of pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 90:e13755. [PMID: 37641369 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of decidual natural killer (dNK) cells in maintaining immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface during pregnancy is a significant topic in reproductive health. Immune tolerance is essential for a successful pregnancy and involves a complex immune response involving various immune cells and molecules. DNK cells comprise the largest population of lymphocyte subsets found in the decidua and play important roles in maintaining immune tolerance. These cells exert multiple functions to maintain homeostasis of the decidual microenvironment, including modulation of trophoblast invasion, promotion of fetal development, regulation of endometrial decidualization and spiral artery remodeling. DNK cells can also be divided into different subsets based on their functions as NKtolerant , NKcytotoxic , and NKregulatory cells. However, the relationship between dNK cells function and pregnancy outcomes is complex and poorly understood. In this review, we will focus on the physiological role of dNK cells during pregnancy and highlight the potential role in pathological pregnancies and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Jin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guan Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of translational medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Songchen Cai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tailang Yin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lianghui Diao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Zhang Y, Liu C, Wu C, Song L. Natural peptides for immunological regulation in cancer therapy: Mechanism, facts and perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114257. [PMID: 36689836 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer incidence and mortality rates are increasing annually. Treatment with surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT) is unsatisfactory because many patients have advanced disease at the initial diagnosis. However, the emergence of immunotherapy promises to be an effective strategy to improve the outcome of advanced tumors. Immune checkpoint antibodies, which are at the forefront of immunotherapy, have had significant success but still leave some cancer patients without benefit. For more cancer patients to benefit from immunotherapy, it is necessary to find new drugs and combination therapeutic strategies to improve the outcome of advanced cancer patients and achieve long-term tumor control or even eradication. Peptides are promising choices for tumor immunotherapy drugs because they have the advantages of low production cost, high sequence selectivity, high tissue permeability, low toxicity and low immunogenicity etc., and the adjuvant matching and technologies like nanotechnology can further optimize the effects of peptides. In this review, we present the current status and mechanisms of research on peptides targeting multiple immune cells (T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), regulatory T cells (Tregs)) and immune checkpoints in tumor immunotherapy; and we summarize the current status of research on peptide-based tumor immunotherapy in combination with other therapies including RT, chemotherapy, surgery, targeted therapy, cytokine therapy, adoptive cell therapy (ACT) and cancer vaccines. Finally, we discuss the current status of peptide applications in mRNA vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Zhang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Chenxin Liu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Linjiang Song
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China.
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Liu YK, Liu GH, Liu L, Wang AB, Cheng TY, Duan DY. Comparative analysis of the anticoagulant activities and immunogenicity of HSC70 and HSC70 TKD of Haemaphysalis flava. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:411. [PMID: 36335395 PMCID: PMC9636643 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemaphysalis flava is a hematophagous ectoparasite that acquires the nutrition needed for development and reproduction by sucking blood and digesting the blood meal. During blood-sucking and blood-meal digestion, the prevention of blood coagulation is important for this tick. Previous studies have shown that heat shock cognate 70 (HSC70) protein has certain anticoagulant activities, but its immunogenicity remains unclear. Also, whether the mutation of individual bases of the TKD-like peptide of HSC70 through the overlap extension method can change its anticoagulant activities and immunogenicity remains to be investigated. METHODS The gene encoding the HSC70 protein was cloned from a complementary DNA library synthesized from H. flava. The coding gene of the TKD-like peptide of HSC70 was mutated into a TKD peptide coding gene (HSC70TKD) using the overlap extension method. Escherichia coli prokaryotic expression plasmids were constructed to obtain the recombinant proteins of HSC70 (rHSC70) and HSC70TKD (rHSC70TKD). The purified rHSC70 and rHSC70TKD were evaluated at different concentrations for anticoagulant activities using four in vitro clotting assays. Emulsifying recombinant proteins with complete and incomplete Freund's adjuvants were subcutaneously immunized in Sprague Dawley rats. The serum antibody titers and serum concentrations of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were detected using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to assess the immunogenicity of rHSC70 and rHSC70TKD. RESULTS The open reading frame of HSC70 was successfully amplified and found to have a length of 1958 bp. The gene encoding the TKD-like peptide of HSC70 was artificially mutated, with the 1373-position adenine (A) of the original sequence mutated into guanine (G), the 1385-position cytosine (C) mutated into G and the 1386-position G mutated into C. rHSC70 and rHSC70TKD that fused with His-tag were obtained using the expression plasmids pET-28a-HSC70 and pET-28a-HSC70TKD, respectively. rHSC70 and rHSC70TKD prolonged the thrombin time (TT) and reduced the fibrinogen (FIB) content in the plasma, but did not affect the prothrombin time (PT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) when compared to the negative control. Interestingly, the ability of rHSC70TKD to prolong the TT and reduce the FIB content in the plasma was better than that of rHSC70. The specific antibody titers of both rHSC70 and rHSC70TKD in rat serum reached 1:124,000 14 days after the third immunization. The serum concentration of IFN-γ in the rHSC70TKD group was higher than that in the rHSC70 group. The rHSC70 group has the highest serum concentration of IL-4, and the serum concentration of IL-4 in the rHSC70TKD group was higher than that in the negative group. CONCLUSIONS rHSC70 and rHSC70TKD exhibited anticoagulant activities by prolonging the TT and reducing the FIB content in vitro. rHSC70TKD had better anticoagulant activities than rHSC70. Both rHSC70 and rHSC70TKD had good immunogenicity and induced humoral and cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ke Liu
- grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan Province China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan Province China
| | - Lei Liu
- grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan Province China
| | - Ai-Bing Wang
- grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan Province China
| | - Tian-Yin Cheng
- grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan Province China
| | - De-Yong Duan
- grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan Province China
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Albakova Z, Mangasarova Y, Albakov A, Gorenkova L. HSP70 and HSP90 in Cancer: Cytosolic, Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondrial Chaperones of Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:829520. [PMID: 35127545 PMCID: PMC8814359 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.829520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HSP70 and HSP90 are two powerful chaperone machineries involved in survival and proliferation of tumor cells. Residing in various cellular compartments, HSP70 and HSP90 perform specific functions. Concurrently, HSP70 and HSP90 homologs may also translocate from their primary site under various stress conditions. Herein, we address the current literature on the role of HSP70 and HSP90 chaperone networks in cancer. The goal is to provide a comprehensive review on the functions of cytosolic, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum HSP70 and HSP90 homologs in cancer. Given that high expression of HSP70 and HSP90 enhances tumor development and associates with tumor aggressiveness, further understanding of HSP70 and HSP90 chaperone networks may provide clues for the discoveries of novel anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarema Albakova
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Zarema Albakova,
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Xiong LL, Xue LL, Du RL, Niu RZ, Chen L, Chen J, Hu Q, Tan YX, Shang HF, Liu J, Yu CY, Wang TH. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals B cell-related molecular biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1888-1901. [PMID: 34880454 PMCID: PMC8741783 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, biomarkers have been integrated into the diagnostic process and have become increasingly indispensable for obtaining knowledge of the neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in human blood have been reported to participate in a variety of neurodegenerative activities. Here, a single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of PBMCs from 4 AD patients (2 in the early stage, 2 in the late stage) and 2 normal controls was performed to explore the differential cell subpopulations in PBMCs of AD patients. A significant decrease in B cells was detected in the blood of AD patients. Furthermore, we further examined PBMCs from 43 AD patients and 41 normal subjects by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), and combined with correlation analysis, we found that the reduction in B cells was closely correlated with the patients' Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scores. To confirm the role of B cells in AD progression, functional experiments were performed in early-stage AD mice in which fibrous plaques were beginning to appear; the results demonstrated that B cell depletion in the early stage of AD markedly accelerated and aggravated cognitive dysfunction and augmented the Aβ burden in AD mice. Importantly, the experiments revealed 18 genes that were specifically upregulated and 7 genes that were specifically downregulated in B cells as the disease progressed, and several of these genes exhibited close correlation with AD. These findings identified possible B cell-based AD severity, which are anticipated to be conducive to the clinical identification of AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Lin Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Lu-Lu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Du
- Laboratory Animal Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Rui-Ze Niu
- Laboratory Animal Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Anesthesiology , Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao Hu
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-Xin Tan
- Laboratory Animal Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Hui-Fang Shang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Laboratory Animal Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, Yunnan, China.
| | - Chang-Yin Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Laboratory Animal Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, Yunnan, China.
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Zhang H, Li M, Zhu X, Zhang Z, Huang H, Hou L. Artemisinin co-delivery system based on manganese oxide for precise diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:325101. [PMID: 33910182 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abfc6f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) responsive intelligent system can realize the specific release and uniform distribution of chemotherapy drugs in tumor tissues, to achieve high-efficiency and low-toxic treatment of tumors. In this paper, drug delivery system TKD@RBCm-Mn2O3-ART with the above characteristics was constructed. We synthesized hollow mesoporous manganese trioxide (Mn2O3) nanoparticles and firstly found that they owned time-dependent size transformation feature in simulated TME. The particle size decreased from 318 nm to 50 nm and 6 nm at 1 h and 4 h in simulated TME, respectively. Then artemisinin (ART) was loaded into Mn2O3to realize the co-delivery of Mn2+and ART. The modification of homologous red cell membrane (RBCm) and TKD peptide was aimed at long circulation and tumor targeting in the body.In vitroresults demonstrated that in the presence of GSH, the cumulative drug release percentage could achieve 97.5%. Meanwhile, Mn2O3exhibited a good imaging capability in tumor, with the relaxation rate of 6.3113 mM-1s-1. After entering into MCF-7 cells, TKD@RBCm-Mn2O3/ART synchronously released Mn2+and ART to generate large amount of ROS and induce DNA damage.In vivoresults proved TKD@RBCm-Mn2O3/ART could arrive the deep area of solid tumors and achieve accurate diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengting Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Heqing Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Changhai Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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Albakova Z, Mangasarova Y, Sapozhnikov A. Heat Shock Proteins in Lymphoma Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:660085. [PMID: 33815422 PMCID: PMC8012763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.660085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy harnessing the host immune system for tumor destruction revolutionized oncology research and advanced treatment strategies for lymphoma patients. Lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of cancer, where the central roles in pathogenesis play immune evasion and dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways. Immunotherapy-based approaches such as engineered T cells (CAR T), immune checkpoint modulators and NK cell-based therapies are now in the frontline of lymphoma research. Even though emerging immunotherapies showed promising results in treating lymphoma patients, low efficacy and on-target/off-tumor toxicity are of a major concern. To address that issue it is suggested to look into the emerging role of heat shock proteins. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) showed to be highly expressed in lymphoma cells. HSPs are known for their abilities to modulate immune responses and inhibit apoptosis, which made their successful entry into cancer clinical trials. Here, we explore the role of HSPs in Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and their involvement in CAR T therapy, checkpoint blockade and NK cell- based therapies. Understanding the role of HSPs in lymphoma pathogenesis and the ways how HSPs may enhance anti-tumor responses, may help in the development of more effective, specific and safe immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarema Albakova
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Sapozhnikov
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Watkinson F, Nayar SK, Rani A, Sakellariou CA, Elhage O, Papaevangelou E, Dasgupta P, Galustian C. IL-15 Upregulates Telomerase Expression and Potently Increases Proliferative Capacity of NK, NKT-Like, and CD8 T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 11:594620. [PMID: 33537030 PMCID: PMC7848219 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a cytokine that has been shown to expand CD8 T cell and natural killer (NK) cell populations, and therefore has potential for potentiating adoptive immune cell therapy for cancer. Previously, IL-15 has been shown to induce proliferation of CD8 memory T cells through activation of telomerase. Here, we investigated whether telomerase is also activated during the IL-15 mediated proliferation of NK and NKT-like (CD56+CD3+) cells. We also examined the extent that each of the three signaling pathways known to be stimulated by IL-2/IL-15 (JAK-STAT, PI3K-AKT Ras-RAF/MAPK) were activated and involved in the telomerase expression in the three cell types NK, NKT, or CD8 T cells. To assess cell proliferation and doubling, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or isolated NK, NKT-like or CD8 T cells were incubated with varying concentrations of IL-15 or IL-2 for 7 days. CD8 T, NK, and NKT cell expansion was determined by fluorophore-conjugated antibody staining and flow cytometry. Cell doubling was investigated using carboxyfluorescein-succinimidyl-ester (CFSE). Telomerase expression was investigated by staining cells with anti-telomerase reverse transcriptase (anti-TERT). Telomerase activity in CD56+ and CD8 T cells was also measured via Telomerase Repeat Amplification Protocol (TRAP). Analysis of cellular expansion, proliferation and TERT expression concluded that IL-15 increased cellular growth of NK, NKT, and CD8 T cells more effectively than IL-2 using low or high doses. IL-15, increased TERT expression in NK and NKT cells by up to 2.5 fold, the same increase seen in CD8 T cells. IL-2 had effects on TERT expression only at high doses (100–1000 ng/ml). Proteome profiling identified that IL-15 activated selected signaling proteins in the three pathways (JAK-STAT, PI3K-AKT, Ras-MAPK) known to mediate IL-2/IL-15 signaling, more strongly than IL-2. Evaluation by signaling pathway inhibitors revealed that JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT pathways are important in IL-15’s ability to upregulate TERT expression in NK and NKT cells, whereas all three pathways were involved in CD8 T cell TERT expression. In conclusion, this study shows that IL-15 potently stimulates TERT upregulation in NK and NKT cells in addition to CD8 T cells and is therefore a valuable tool for adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Watkinson
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandeep Krishan Nayar
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aradhana Rani
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christina A Sakellariou
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oussama Elhage
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Urology Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Efthymia Papaevangelou
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Prokar Dasgupta
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Urology Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Galustian
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Liu H, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Aldo P, Ding J, Mor G, Liao A. Establishment and characterization of a new human first trimester Trophoblast cell line, AL07. Placenta 2020; 100:122-132. [PMID: 32927240 PMCID: PMC8237240 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The limited cell number of primary trophoblasts and contamination of trophoblast cell lines promote us to develop a novel stable trophoblast cell line. METHOD OF STUDY Primary trophoblast cells were isolated from first-trimester placenta and telomerase-induced immortalization was used to immortalize these cells. Subsets of cells were then evaluated by flow cytometry using CK7, HLA-G, CD45 and CD14, specific markers for trophoblast cells, extra-villous trophoblast, pan leucocyte and monocyte/macrophage, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining and immunocytochemistry were used to detect CK7 expression in trophoblast cells. The level of secreted human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) was measured by electrochemiluminescence (ECL). The Bio-Plex MAGPIX System was used to analyze the cytokines and chemokines produced by AL07 cell line. RESULTS We were able to isolate primary trophoblast cells from several first-trimester placentas. One clone, AL07 trophoblast cells, isolated from a week 7 placenta, was morphologically stable and positive for the expression of CK7 by immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry staining. Characterization of AL07 cells reveled that they are CD45 or CD14 negative and had constitutive secretion of hCG and low HLA-G expression. Furthermore, clone AL07 secret high levels of several cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF, and moderately secreted MCP-1 IP-10 and RANTES. DISCUSSION We report the successful isolation, immortalization and characterization of AL07 cells, a novel cell clone isolated from first trimester human placenta. The clone is free of contamination of immune cells, and exhibits similar cytokine profile as other trophoblast cell lines. This new cytotrophoblast-like AL07 cell, can be a valuable tool for in-vitro trophoblast studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Liling Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Paulomi Aldo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jiahui Ding
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gil Mor
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Aihua Liao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
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12
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Chulpanova DS, Kitaeva KV, Green AR, Rizvanov AA, Solovyeva VV. Molecular Aspects and Future Perspectives of Cytokine-Based Anti-cancer Immunotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:402. [PMID: 32582698 PMCID: PMC7283917 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine-based immunotherapy is a promising field in the cancer treatment, since cytokines, as proteins of the immune system, are able to modulate the host immune response toward cancer cell, as well as directly induce tumor cell death. Since a low dose monotherapy with some cytokines has no significant therapeutic results and a high dose treatment leads to a number of side effects caused by the pleiotropic effect of cytokines, the problem of understanding the influence of cytokines on the immune cells involved in the pro- and anti-tumor immune response remains a pressing one. Immune system cells carry CD makers on their surface which can be used to identify various populations of cells of the immune system that play different roles in pro- and anti-tumor immune responses. This review discusses the functions and specific CD markers of various immune cell populations which are reported to participate in the regulation of the immune response against the tumor. The results of research studies and clinical trials investigating the effect of cytokine therapy on the regulation of immune cell populations and their surface markers are also discussed. Current trends in the development of cancer immunotherapy, as well as the role of cytokines in combination with other therapeutic agents, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria S Chulpanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Kristina V Kitaeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Andrew R Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Valeriya V Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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13
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Wang L, Zhang L. Emerging Roles of Dysregulated MicroRNAs in Myasthenia Gravis. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:507. [PMID: 32508584 PMCID: PMC7253668 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare acquired autoimmune neuromuscular disease. Autoantibodies, cellular immunity, complement, and cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of MG. It is characterized by the dysfunction of neuromuscular junction transmission and skeletal muscle weakness. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding small molecule ribonucleic acids that regulate various biological processes (e.g., development, differentiation, and immunity) at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels of gene expression. miRNAs play an important regulatory role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including MG. In recent studies, the functional mechanisms underlying the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of MG have received increasing attention. miRNAs are highly stable and have high specificity in peripheral body fluids. Therefore, the miRNAs in body fluids may represent promising biomarkers for determining the prognosis of MG and the efficacy of treatment. This article reviews the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of MG, highlights the potential of miRNAs as new biomarkers for the diagnosis of MG, and deepens our understanding of disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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14
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Albakova Z, Armeev GA, Kanevskiy LM, Kovalenko EI, Sapozhnikov AM. HSP70 Multi-Functionality in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030587. [PMID: 32121660 PMCID: PMC7140411 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 70-kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70s) are abundantly present in cancer, providing malignant cells selective advantage by suppressing multiple apoptotic pathways, regulating necrosis, bypassing cellular senescence program, interfering with tumor immunity, promoting angiogenesis and supporting metastasis. This direct involvement of HSP70 in most of the cancer hallmarks explains the phenomenon of cancer "addiction" to HSP70, tightly linking tumor survival and growth to the HSP70 expression. HSP70 operates in different states through its catalytic cycle, suggesting that it can multi-function in malignant cells in any of these states. Clinically, tumor cells intensively release HSP70 in extracellular microenvironment, resulting in diverse outcomes for patient survival. Given its clinical significance, small molecule inhibitors were developed to target different sites of the HSP70 machinery. Furthermore, several HSP70-based immunotherapy approaches were assessed in clinical trials. This review will explore different roles of HSP70 on cancer progression and emphasize the importance of understanding the flexibility of HSP70 nature for future development of anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarema Albakova
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia; (G.A.A.); (A.M.S.)
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.K.); (E.I.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Grigoriy A. Armeev
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia; (G.A.A.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Leonid M. Kanevskiy
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.K.); (E.I.K.)
| | - Elena I. Kovalenko
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.K.); (E.I.K.)
| | - Alexander M. Sapozhnikov
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia; (G.A.A.); (A.M.S.)
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.K.); (E.I.K.)
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15
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Vuletić A, Jovanić I, Jurišić V, Milovanović Z, Nikolić S, Spurnić I, Konjević G. IL-2 And IL-15 Induced NKG2D, CD158a and CD158b Expression on T, NKT- like and NK Cell Lymphocyte Subsets from Regional Lymph Nodes of Melanoma Patients. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:223-231. [PMID: 29948616 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Regional lymph nodes (LN)s represent important immunological barriers in spreading of malignant tumors. However, they are the most frequent early metastatic site in melanoma. Immunomodulatory agents including cytokines have been included in therapy of melanoma and have shown severe side effects and toxicity. In this sense, there is a growing need for bringing these agents to further in vitro testing that may enlighten aspects of their regional application. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-15, the two cytokines with similar immune-enhancing effects, on the expression of activating NKG2D, inhibitory CD158a and CD158b receptors on CD8+ T, NKT-like and NK cell lymphocyte subsets from regional LNs of melanoma patients. In this study, we showed significant effects of IL-2 and IL-15 cytokine treatments on the expression of activating NKG2D and on inhibitory CD158a and CD158b receptors on lymphocytes, CD8+ T, NKT-like and NK cell lymphocyte subsets originating from regional LNs of melanoma patients. Furthermore, IL-2 and IL-15 by inducing the expression of NKG2D activating receptor on innate and on adaptive lymphocyte subsets and by augmenting NK cell antitumor cytotoxicity that correlated with the cytokine-induced NKG2D expression, increased antitumor potential of immune cells in regional LNs of melanoma patients irrespective of LN involvement. These findings indicate the importance of immune cell population from regional LNs of melanoma patients in the development of immune intervention strategies that may if applied locally increase antitumor potential to the level that controls tumor progressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vuletić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Irena Jovanić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jurišić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zorka Milovanović
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Srđan Nikolić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Igor Spurnić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Gordana Konjević
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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16
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Roles of Extracellular HSPs as Biomarkers in Immune Surveillance and Immune Evasion. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184588. [PMID: 31533245 PMCID: PMC6770223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular heat shock proteins (ex-HSPs) have been found in exosomes, oncosomes, membrane surfaces, as well as free HSP in cancer and various pathological conditions, also known as alarmins. Such ex-HSPs include HSP90 (α, β, Gp96, Trap1), HSP70, and large and small HSPs. Production of HSPs is coordinately induced by heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), while matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) and heterochromatin protein 1 are novel inducers of HSPs. Oncosomes released by tumor cells are a major aspect of the resistance-associated secretory phenotype (RASP) by which immune evasion can be established. The concepts of RASP are: (i) releases of ex-HSP and HSP-rich oncosomes are essential in RASP, by which molecular co-transfer of HSPs with oncogenic factors to recipient cells can promote cancer progression and resistance against stresses such as hypoxia, radiation, drugs, and immune systems; (ii) RASP of tumor cells can eject anticancer drugs, targeted therapeutics, and immune checkpoint inhibitors with oncosomes; (iii) cytotoxic lipids can be also released from tumor cells as RASP. ex-HSP and membrane-surface HSP (mHSP) play immunostimulatory roles recognized by CD91+ scavenger receptor expressed by endothelial cells-1 (SREC-1)+ Toll-like receptors (TLRs)+ antigen-presenting cells, leading to antigen cross-presentation and T cell cross-priming, as well as by CD94+ natural killer cells, leading to tumor cytolysis. On the other hand, ex-HSP/CD91 signaling in cancer cells promotes cancer progression. HSPs in body fluids are potential biomarkers detectable by liquid biopsies in cancers and tissue-damaged diseases. HSP-based vaccines, inhibitors, and RNAi therapeutics are also reviewed.
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17
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Sakellariou C, Elhage O, Papaevangelou E, Giustarini G, Esteves AM, Smolarek D, Smith RA, Dasgupta P, Galustian C. Prostate cancer cells enhance interleukin-15-mediated expansion of NK cells. BJU Int 2019; 125:89-102. [PMID: 31392791 DOI: 10.1111/bju.14893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify cytokines that can activate and expand NK cells in the presence of prostate cancer cells in order to determine whether these agents may be useful in future intra-tumoural administration in pre-clinical and clinical prostate cancer trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lymphocytes isolated from normal donor blood were set up in co-cultures with either cancer or non-cancerous prostate cell lines, together with each of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, IL-15, interferon (IFN)-γ or IL-21 for a period of 7 days. Then, expansion of NK cells, NKT cells and CD8 T cells was measured by flow cytometry and compared with the expansion of the same cells in the absence of prostate cells. The cytotoxic activity of NK cells, as measured by perforin and tumour cell killing, was also assessed. NK cell receptors and their corresponding ligands on prostate tumour cells were analysed to determine whether any of these were modulated by co-culture. The role of the tumour-secreted heat shock proteins HSP90 and HSP70 in the expansion of NK cells in the co-cultures was also investigated because of their effects on NK and CD8 T-cell activation. RESULTS We showed that, among a panel of cytokines known to cause NK cell activation and expansion, only IL-15 could actively induce expansion of NK, NKT and CD8 T cells in the presence of prostate cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the expansion of NK cells was far greater (up to 50% greater) in the presence of the cancer cells (LNCaP, PC3) than when lymphocytes were incubated alone. In contrast, non-cancerous cell lines (PNT2 and WPMY-1) did not exert any expansion of NK cells. The cytolytic activity of the NK cells, as measured by perforin, CD107a and killing of tumour cells, was also greatest in co-cultures with IL-15. Examination of NK cell receptors shows that NKG2D is upregulated to a greater degree in the presence of prostate cancer cells, compared with the upregulation with IL-15 in lymphocytes alone. However, blocking of NKG2D does not inhibit the enhanced expansion of NK cells in the presence of tumour cells. CONCLUSIONS Among a panel of NK cell-activating cytokines, IL-15 was the only cytokine that could stimulate expansion of NK cells in the presence of prostate cancer cells; therefore IL-15 may be a good candidate for novel future intra-tumoural therapy of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Sakellariou
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, Guys Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Efthymia Papaevangelou
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, Guys Hospital, London, UK
| | - Giulio Giustarini
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, Guys Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ana M Esteves
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, Guys Hospital, London, UK
| | - Dorota Smolarek
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, Guys Hospital, London, UK
| | - Richard A Smith
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, Guys Hospital, London, UK
| | - Prokar Dasgupta
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, Guys Hospital, London, UK.,Urology Centre, Guys Hospital, London, UK
| | - Christine Galustian
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, Guys Hospital, London, UK
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18
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Liu L, Fan W, Zhang H, Zhang S, Cui L, Wang M, Bai X, Yang W, Sun L, Yang L, Liu W, Li J. Interferon as a Mucosal Adjuvant for an Influenza Vaccine in Pigs. Virol Sin 2019; 34:324-333. [PMID: 30989429 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon, a natural protein that is produced by a variety of cells during viral infection, activates the transcription of multiple functional genes in cells, regulates synergy among various signaling pathways, and mediates many biological functions such as antiviral activity, immune regulation, and cell growth. However, clinical research on interferon in livestock is lacking. In this study, recombinant porcine interferon (PoIFNα) was used as an adjuvant, in combination with inactivated influenza virus, to vaccinate 6-week-old pigs via nasal infusion. The transcription of target genes was then monitored and the functions of PoIFNα were determined with respect to the activation of mucosal immunity. We found that a combination of low-dose PoIFNα and inactivated influenza virus could significantly up-regulate the expression of immunoregulatory cytokines such as IL-2, IL-18, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10 by real-time PCR, suggesting the induction of a strong mucosal innate immune response after administration. In addition, low-dose PoIFNα can significant enhancing the transcription of genes encoding homing factors including CCR9 and CCR10 (P < 0.001), thereby resulting in the induction of higher levels of HA-specific antibodies (P < 0.05), which can be determined by ELISA and IFA. Post-immunization challenges with H1N1 virus demonstrated that PoIFNα, combined with inactivated influenza virus, could alleviate clinical signs in pigs during the early stages of viral infection. These studies reveal low-dose PoIFNα as a potential mucosal adjuvant for influenza virus in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenhui Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - He Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Liang Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenxian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Limin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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19
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Graves SS, Gyurkocza B, Stone DM, Parker MH, Abrams K, Jochum C, Gallo S, Saad M, Johnson MM, Rosinski SL, Storb R. Development and characterization of a canine-specific anti-CD94 (KLRD-1) monoclonal antibody. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 211:10-18. [PMID: 31084888 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are non-T, non-B lymphocytes are part of the innate immune system and function without prior activation. The human NK cell surface determinant, CD94, plays a critical role in regulation of NK cell activity as a heterodimer with NKG2 subclasses. Canine NK cells are not as well defined as the human and murine equivalents, due in part to the paucity of reagents specific to cell surface markers. Canines possess NK/NKT cells that have similar morphological characteristics to those found in humans, yet little is known about their functional characteristics nor of cell surface expression of CD94. Here, we describe the development and function of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to canine (ca) CD94. Freshly isolated canine CD94+ cells were CD3+/-, CD8+/-, CD4-, CD21-, CD5low, NKp46+, and were cytotoxic against a canine target cell line. Anti-caCD94 mAb proved useful in enriching NK/NKT cells from PBMC for expansion on CTAC feeder cells in the presence of IL-2 and IL-15. The cultured cells were highly cytolytic with co-expression of NKp46 and reduced expression of CD3. Transmission electron microscopy revealed expanded CD94+ lymphocytes were morphologically large granular lymphocytes with large electron dense granules. Anti-caCD94 (mAb) can serve to enrich NK/NKT cells from dog peripheral blood for ex vivo expansion for HCT and is a potentially valuable reagent for studying NK/NKT regulation in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott S Graves
- Transplantation Biology Program, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, United States
| | - Boglarka Gyurkocza
- Department of Hematology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, United States
| | - Diane M Stone
- Transplantation Biology Program, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, United States
| | - Maura H Parker
- Transplantation Biology Program, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, United States
| | - Kraig Abrams
- Transplantation Biology Program, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, United States
| | - Christoph Jochum
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, University Medicine Essen St-Josef Hospital, Werden, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanna Gallo
- Medical Oncology, Turin Metropolitan Transplantation Center, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Marium Saad
- Transplantation Biology Program, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, United States
| | - Melissa M Johnson
- Transplantation Biology Program, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, United States
| | - Steven L Rosinski
- Transplantation Biology Program, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, United States
| | - Rainer Storb
- Transplantation Biology Program, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 981095, United States.
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20
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Hsp70 interactions with membrane lipids regulate cellular functions in health and disease. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 74:18-30. [PMID: 30710597 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beyond guarding the cellular proteome the major stress inducible heat shock protein Hsp70 has been shown to interact with lipids. Non-cytosolic Hsp70 stabilizes membranes during stress challenges and, in pathophysiological states, facilitates endocytosis, counteracts apoptotic mechanisms, sustains survival pathways or represents a signal that can be recognized by the immune system. Disease-coupled lipid-associated functions of Hsp70 may be targeted via distinct subcellular localizations of Hsp70 itself or its specific interacting lipids. With a special focus on interacting lipids, here we discuss localization-dependent roles of the membrane-bound Hsp70 in the context of its therapeutic potential, particularly in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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21
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Agra IK, Liao AW, Hoshida MS, Schultz R, Toscano MP, Francisco RP, Zugaib M, Brizot ML. Expression of dNK cells and their cytokines in twin pregnancies with preeclampsia. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2019; 74:e1200. [PMID: 31721933 PMCID: PMC6820511 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2019/e1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the expression of decidual natural killer (dNK) cells and their cytokines in twin pregnancies with preeclampsia. METHODS This was a prospective case-control study. The inclusion criteria were diamniotic (monochorionic or dichorionic) twin pregnancies in the third trimester with negative serological results for infectious diseases; absence of major fetal abnormalities or twin-twin transfusion syndrome; and no history of administration of corticosteroids in this pregnancy. The control group (CG) included uncomplicated twin pregnancies, and the preeclampsia group (PEG) included twin gestations with clinical and laboratory confirmation of the disease according to well-established criteria. Samples of the decidua were obtained and analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the expression of dNK cells and interleukins (ILs) 10, 12 and 15. In addition, maternal serum samples were collected to determine the levels of these interleukins. RESULTS Thirty twin pregnancies were selected: 20 in the control group (CG) and 10 in the preeclampsia group (PEG). The PEG showed strong placental immunostaining for IL-15 (p=0.001) and high maternal serum levels of IL-10 (22.7 vs. 11.9 pg/mL, p=0.024) and IL-15 (15.9 vs. 7.4 pg/mL, p=0.024). CONCLUSION A higher maternal serum concentration of both pro- and anti-inflammatory factors was observed in the twin pregnancies in the PEG. However, no difference in placental expression of IL-10 was found between the groups. These findings may suggest that maternal attempts to balance these interleukins were not sufficient to cause a placental response, and this failure may contribute to the development of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela K.R. Agra
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetricia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Adolfo W. Liao
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetricia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Mara S. Hoshida
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetricia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Regina Schultz
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Marcello P. Toscano
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Rossana P.V. Francisco
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetricia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Marcelo Zugaib
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetricia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Maria L. Brizot
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetricia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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22
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Bedard M, Salio M, Cerundolo V. Harnessing the Power of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1829. [PMID: 29326711 PMCID: PMC5741693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a distinct subset of innate-like lymphocytes bearing an invariant T-cell receptor, through which they recognize lipid antigens presented by monomorphic CD1d molecules. Upon activation, iNKT cells are capable of not only having a direct effector function but also transactivating NK cells, maturing dendritic cells, and activating B cells, through secretion of several cytokines and cognate TCR-CD1d interaction. Endowed with the ability to orchestrate an all-encompassing immune response, iNKT cells are critical in shaping immune responses against pathogens and cancer cells. In this review, we examine the critical role of iNKT cells in antitumor responses from two perspectives: (i) how iNKT cells potentiate antitumor immunity and (ii) how CD1d+ tumor cells may modulate their own expression of CD1d molecules. We further explore hypotheses to explain iNKT cell activation in the context of cancer and how the antitumor effects of iNKT cells can be exploited in different forms of cancer immunotherapy, including their role in the development of cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bedard
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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23
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Białoszewska A, Olkowska-Truchanowicz J, Bocian K, Osiecka-Iwan A, Czop A, Kieda C, Malejczyk J. A Role of NKR-P1A (CD161) and Lectin-like Transcript 1 in Natural Cytotoxicity against Human Articular Chondrocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:715-724. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Lin SJ, Kuo ML, Hsiao HS, Lee PT, Chen JY, Huang JL. Activating and inhibitory receptors on natural killer cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosis-regulation with interleukin-15. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186223. [PMID: 29023581 PMCID: PMC5638402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE. Interleukin(IL)-15, an NK-enhancing cytokine, is over-expressed in SLE patients. In the present study, we examined the effect of IL-15 on NK cytotoxicity of SLE patients, and the expression of various activating and inhibitory NK receptors on NK cells from SLE patients in relation to disease activity. We also sought to determine how IL-15 would affect the NK receptor expression on NK cells from SLE patients. PBMCs were collected from 88 SLE patients with inactive disease activity (SLEDAI score<6) and active disease activity (SLEDAI score≥6), 26 age-matched healthy adults were used as controls. PBMC were incubated in the presence or absence of IL-15 (10ng/ml) for eighteen hours. CD3-CD56+ lymphoctes were gated using flow cytometry and further divided into CD56dim and CD56bright subsets according to the MFI of CD56. We observed that 1. Serum IL-15 was elevated in SLE patients, and higher in active disease than in inactive disease; 2. NK cytotoxicity of SLE patients was deficient compared to controls and showed an impaired response to IL-15 compared to controls; 3.CD69, CD94, NKG2A, NKp30, and CD158b on NK cells from SLE patients were higher than controls, and could be further enhanced by IL-15; 4. NKp46 expression from SLE patients was higher than controls, but down-regulated by IL-15; 5.Deficient NKG2D and NKAT-2 expression were found on NK cells from SLE patients, which were enhanced by IL-15; 6. A unique NKp46- subset and CD158b+ subsets were observed in NK cells from SLE patients but not controls. 7. Unlike controls, CD158k on NK cells from SLE patients failed to respond to IL-15. Taken together, we demonstrated the aberrant NCR and iNKR expression on NK cells and their distinct response to IL-15 in SLE patients. As IL-15 predominantly aggravates the aberrant NKR expression found in SLE, IL-15 antagonist may have therapeutic benefits in SLE patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Interleukin-15/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/metabolism
- Male
- Receptors, KIR/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Syh-Jae Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Shan Hsiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Tzu Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Yih Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Long Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Alessandrini F, Pezzè L, Ciribilli Y. LAMPs: Shedding light on cancer biology. Semin Oncol 2017; 44:239-253. [PMID: 29526252 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are important cytoplasmic organelles whose critical functions in cells are increasingly being understood. In particular, despite the long-standing accepted concept about the role of lysosomes as cellular machineries solely assigned to degradation, it has been demonstrated that they play active roles in homeostasis and even in cancer biology. Indeed, it is now well documented that during the process of cellular transformation and cancer progression lysosomes are changing localization, composition, and volume and, through the release of their enzymes, lysosomes can also enhance cancer aggressiveness. LAMPs (lysosome associated membrane proteins) represent a family of glycosylated proteins present predominantly on the membrane of lysosomes whose expression can vary among different tissues, suggesting a separation of functions. In this review we focus on the functions and roles of the different LAMP family members, with a particular emphasis on cancer progression and metastatic spread. LAMP proteins are involved in many different aspects of cell biology and can influence cellular processes such as phagocytosis, autophagy, lipid transport, and aging. Interestingly, for all the five members identified so far (LAMP1, LAMP2, LAMP3, CD68/Macrosialin/LAMP4, and BAD-LAMP/LAMP5), a role in cancer has been suggested. While this is well documented for LAMP1 and LAMP2, the involvement of the other three proteins in cancer progression and aggressiveness has recently been proposed and remains to be elucidated. Here we present different examples about how LAMP proteins can influence and support tumor growth and metastatic spread, emphasizing the impact of each single member of the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Alessandrini
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Genetics, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Povo (TN), Italy
| | - Laura Pezzè
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Genetics, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Povo (TN), Italy
| | - Yari Ciribilli
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Genetics, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Povo (TN), Italy.
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