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Oh H, Banawa R, Zhou S, DeVylder J, Koyanagi A. The mental and physical health correlates of psychotic experiences among US college students: Findings from the Healthy Mind Study 2020. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:834-840. [PMID: 35427464 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2058879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic experiences have been framed as a marker of mental and physical health status; however, more research is needed to confirm these associations in university populations. METHODS We analyzed data from the Healthy Minds Survey (Fall Semester Cohort 2020), which is a non-probability sample of students attending one of 28 universities in the United States, who completed an online survey (September 2020-December 2020). We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the associations between several mental and physical health conditions and psychotic experiences, adjusting for age, gender, sexual orientation race/ethnicity, and international student status. RESULTS In terms of mental health, all conditions were associated with greater odds of having lifetime psychotic experiences. Having at least one mental health condition was associated with 2.18 times greater odds of having lifetime psychotic experiences (aOR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.96-2.42). In terms of physical health, having at least one physical health condition was associated with 1.37 times greater odds of having lifetime psychotic experiences (aOR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.22-1.53), but only four conditions were associated with greater odds of lifetime psychotic experiences, which were: asthma, gastrointestinal disease, HIV/AIDS, and other chronic disease. The counts of mental and physical health conditions were associated with greater odds of lifetime psychotic experiences in a dose-dependent fashion. CONCLUSION Psychotic experiences appear to be an indicator for mental health problems and some physical health problems. More research is needed to determine whether assessing for psychotic experiences broadly can help identify at-risk individuals in university settings who may benefit from targeted preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Oh
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Banawa
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sasha Zhou
- Department of Public Health, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jordan DeVylder
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, España
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2
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Damiani S, Cavicchioli M, Guiot C, Donadeo A, Scalabrini A, Grecuzzo V, Bergamaschini I, Provenzani U, Politi P, Fusar-Poli P. The noise in our brain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of neuroimaging and signal-detection studies on source monitoring in psychosis. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 169:142-151. [PMID: 38039688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Noisy thoughts or perceptions are characteristics of psychosis (PSY) and, they are deeply related to source monitoring (SM) - the ability to discriminate the origin of internal/external experiences. METHODS This MOOSE, PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis compared SM performances in PSY compared to healthy controls (HC) focusing on signal-to-noise discrimination in order to: i) test whether neuroimaging procedures (fMRI/EEG) might be a group-specific source of noise for SM; ii) compare error- and accuracy-based indexes; iii) to meta-analyze signal-detection measures (i.e., discrimination index and response bias); iv) to determine the best index capturing SM deficits in psychosis. We conducted a 3-level meta-analysis for each aim to estimate pooled effect-sizes (Cohen's d). SM type, source discrimination and stimulus modality were used as meta-regressors. Heterogeneity (I2), publication bias (Egger's test) and multiple comparisons (Bonferroni correction) were considered. RESULTS Sixteen neuroimaging, 44 error/accuracy-based behavioral and 7 signal-detection trials were included (2297 PSY, age range = 18.78-52.6; 1745 HC, age range = 21.1-53.3). The noise generated by neuroimaging procedures slightly influenced error, but not accuracy. Accuracy-based (d = -0.83), but not error-based, indexes showed significant and large SM impairments in PSY compared to HC. Overall SM performance differences between PSY and HC were larger in discrimination index (d = -0.65) and accuracy (d = -0.61), followed by response bias (d = -0.59, ns) and error-based (d = 0.35) indexes. CONCLUSION Although both accuracy and discrimination indexes differentiate patients with PSY from HC, discrimination index is more reliable and may better capture the bi-directional nature of the internal/external source confusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Damiani
- University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Italy.
| | - Marco Cavicchioli
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Department of Psychology, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guiot
- University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Italy
| | - Alberto Donadeo
- University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Italy
| | - Andrea Scalabrini
- University of Bergamo, Department of Human and Social Science, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Pierluigi Politi
- University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Italy
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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3
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Ered A, Chun CA, O’Brien KJ, Creatura GM, Ellman LM. Working memory performance is related to childhood trauma but not psychotic-like experiences in a nonpsychiatric sample. PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA : THEORY, RESEARCH, PRACTICE AND POLICY 2023:2023-98264-001. [PMID: 37561443 PMCID: PMC10858292 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This project seeks to clarify the impact of childhood trauma and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) on working memory (WM) and explore gender differences in these relationships. The effect of childhood trauma on WM performance has yet to be explored in individuals with PLEs, despite consistent associations between trauma, psychosis spectrum symptoms, and WM performance. METHOD In 466 undergraduates, positive PLEs (Prodromal Questionnaire) and trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) were examined to determine contributions to WM performance on a spatial n-back task. We conducted hierarchical linear regressions on the total sample and stratified by gender to examine the effects of childhood trauma, positive PLEs, and their interaction on WM performance. Supplemental analyses explored attenuated negative and disorganized symptoms. RESULTS Controlling for age, there were no significant main effects of positive PLEs, childhood trauma, their interaction, or three-way interaction including gender in predicting WM. After stratifying by gender, childhood trauma was significantly associated with poorer WM in females only. Post hoc analyses revealed that in the full sample, physical neglect predicted WM performance and was a trend for females, while sexual abuse trended toward predicting WM in males. Supplemental analyses of attenuated negative and disorganized symptoms revealed childhood trauma significantly predicted WM in the full sample and females only for negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Females who have experienced childhood trauma may be at greater risk for WM problems, irrespective of co-occurring PLEs, suggesting that cognitive difficulties may be partially attributable to history of trauma. These findings have potential implications for intervention strategies in trauma-exposed individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Ered
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
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4
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Kassim FM, Lim JHM, Slawik SV, Gaus K, Peters B, Lee JWY, Hepple EK, Rodger J, Albrecht MA, Martin-Iverson MT. The effects of caffeine and d-amphetamine on spatial span task in healthy participants. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287538. [PMID: 37440493 PMCID: PMC10343048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies that examined the effect of amphetamine or caffeine on spatial working memory (SWM) and verbal working memory (VWM) have used various tasks. However, there are no studies that have used spatial span tasks (SSTs) to assess the SWM effect of amphetamine and caffeine, although some studies have used digit span tasks (DST) to assess VWM. Previous reports also showed that increasing dopamine increases psychosis-like experiences (PLE, or schizotypy) scores which are in turn negatively associated with WM performance in people with high schizotypy and people with schizophrenia. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the influence of d-amphetamine (0.45 mg/kg, PO), a dopamine releasing stimulant, on SST, DST, and on PLE in healthy volunteers. In a separate study, we examined the effect of caffeine, a nonspecific adenosine receptor antagonist with stimulant properties, on similar tasks. METHODS Healthy participants (N = 40) took part in two randomized, double-blind, counter-balanced placebo-controlled cross-over pilot studies: The first group (N = 20) with d-amphetamine (0.45 mg/kg, PO) and the second group (N = 20) with caffeine (200 mg, PO). Spatial span and digit span were examined under four delay conditions (0, 2, 4, 8 s). PLE were assessed using several scales measuring various aspects of psychosis and schizotypy. RESULTS We failed to find an effect of d-amphetamine or caffeine on SWM or VWM, relative to placebo. However, d-amphetamine increased a composite score of psychosis-like experiences (p = 0.0005), specifically: Scores on Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Perceptual Aberrations Scale, and Magical Ideation Scale were increased following d-amphetamine. The degree of change in PLE following d-amphetamine negatively and significantly correlated with changes in SWM, mainly at the longest delay condition of 8 s (r = -0.58, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION The present results showed that moderate-high dose of d-amphetamine and moderate dose of caffeine do not directly affect performances on DST or SST. However, the results indicate that d-amphetamine indirectly influences SWM, through its effect on psychosis-like experiences. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CT-2018-CTN-02561 (Therapeutic Goods Administration Clinical Trial Registry) and ACTRN12618001292268 (The Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry) for caffeine study, and ACTRN12608000610336 for d-amphetamine study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz M. Kassim
- Psychopharmacology Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - J. H. Mark Lim
- Psychopharmacology Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sophie V. Slawik
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, Psychology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Katharina Gaus
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, Psychology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Joseph W. Y. Lee
- Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Emily K. Hepple
- Mental Health, North Metropolitan Health Services, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jennifer Rodger
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Brain Plasticity Group, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew A. Albrecht
- Western Australian Centre for Road Safety Research, School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australa, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Mathew T. Martin-Iverson
- Psychopharmacology Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Knudsen CB, Hemager N, Jepsen JRM, Gregersen M, Greve AN, Andreassen AK, Veddum L, Brandt JM, Krantz MF, Søndergaard A, Burton BK, Thorup AAE, Nordentoft M, Lambek R, Mors O, Bliksted VF. Early Childhood Neurocognition in Relation to Middle Childhood Psychotic Experiences in Children at Familial High Risk of Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder and Population-Based Controls: The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:756-767. [PMID: 36548470 PMCID: PMC10154705 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Familial high-risk (FHR) studies examining longitudinal associations between neurocognition and psychotic experiences are currently lacking. We hypothesized neurocognitive impairments at age 7 to be associated with increased risk of psychotic experiences from age 7 to 11 in children at familial high risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) or bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) and population-based controls (PBC), and further, impaired functioning in some neurocognitive functions to be associated with greater risk of psychotic experiences in children at FHR-SZ or FHR-BP relative to PBC. STUDY DESIGN Neurocognition was assessed at age 7 (early childhood) and psychotic experiences from age 7 to 11 (middle childhood) in 449 children from the Danish High Risk and Resilience Study. The neurocognitive assessment covered intelligence, processing speed, attention, visuospatial and verbal memory, working memory, and set-shifting. Psychotic experiences were assessed through face-to-face interviews with the primary caregiver and the child. STUDY RESULTS Set-shifting impairments at age 7 were associated with greater risk of psychotic experiences from age 7 to 11 in children at FHR-SZ. Children at FHR-BP and PBC showed no differential associations. Working memory and visuospatial memory impairments were related to increased risk of psychotic experiences across the cohort. However, adjusting for concurrent psychopathology attenuated these findings. CONCLUSIONS Early childhood neurocognitive impairments are risk markers of middle childhood psychotic experiences, of which impaired set-shifting appears to further increase the risk of psychotic experiences in children at FHR-SZ. More research is needed to examine longitudinal associations between neurocognitive impairments and psychotic experiences in FHR samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bruun Knudsen
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Børglumvej 5, 1st floor, 8240 Risskov, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS) and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja Gregersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna Krogh Andreassen
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Børglumvej 5, 1st floor, 8240 Risskov, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Veddum
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Børglumvej 5, 1st floor, 8240 Risskov, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julie Marie Brandt
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Falkenberg Krantz
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Søndergaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital – Psychiatry Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Lambek
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Fuglsang Bliksted
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Børglumvej 5, 1st floor, 8240 Risskov, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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6
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Hird EJ, Ohmuro N, Allen P, Moseley P, Kempton MJ, Modinos G, Sachs G, van der Gaag M, de Haan L, Gadelha A, Bressan R, Barrantes-Vidal N, Ruhrmann S, Catalan A, McGuire P. Speech Illusions in People at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Linked to Clinical Outcome. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:339-349. [PMID: 36516396 PMCID: PMC10016413 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Around 20% of people at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis later develop a psychotic disorder, but it is difficult to predict who this will be. We assessed the incidence of hearing speech (termed speech illusions [SIs]) in noise in CHR participants and examined whether this was associated with adverse clinical outcomes. STUDY DESIGN At baseline, 344 CHR participants and 67 healthy controls were presented with a computerized white noise task and asked whether they heard speech, and whether speech was neutral, affective, or whether they were uncertain about its valence. After 2 years, we assessed whether participants transitioned to psychosis, or remitted from the CHR state, and their functioning. STUDY RESULTS CHR participants had a lower sensitivity to the task. Logistic regression revealed that a bias towards hearing targets in stimuli was associated with remission status (OR = 0.21, P = 042). Conversely, hearing SIs with uncertain valence at baseline was associated with reduced likelihood of remission (OR = 7.72. P = .007). When we assessed only participants who did not take antipsychotic medication at baseline, the association between hearing SIs with uncertain valence at baseline and remission likelihood remained (OR = 7.61, P = .043) and this variable was additionally associated with a greater likelihood of transition to psychosis (OR = 5.34, P = .029). CONCLUSIONS In CHR individuals, a tendency to hear speech in noise, and uncertainty about the affective valence of this speech, is associated with adverse outcomes. This task could be used in a battery of cognitive markers to stratify CHR participants according to subsequent outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Hird
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK; e-mail:
| | | | - Paul Allen
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- School of Psychology, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, Holybourne Ave, London, SW15 4JD, UK
| | - Peter Moseley
- Psychology Department, Northumbria University, College Lane, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Matthew J Kempton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Gemma Modinos
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriele Sachs
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark van der Gaag
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychosis Research, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Zoutkeetsingel 40, 2512 HN The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department Early Psychosis, AMC, Academic Psychiatric Centre, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arkin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ary Gadelha
- LiNC - Lab Interdisciplinar Neurociências Clínicas, Depto Psiquiatria, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Bressan
- LiNC - Lab Interdisciplinar Neurociências Clínicas, Depto Psiquiatria, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neus Barrantes-Vidal
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), Fundació Sanitària Sant Pere Claver (Spain), Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephan Ruhrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ana Catalan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Psychiatry Department, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - EU-GEI High Risk Study
McGuirePhilipDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark 458 Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UKValmaggiaLucia RDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, 456, London, SE5 8AF, UKKemptonMatthew JDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark 458 Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UKCalemMariaDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark 458 Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UKTogninStefaniaDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark 458 Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UKModinosGemmaDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark 458 Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UKde HaanLieuweDepartment Early Psychosis, AMC, Academic Psychiatric Centre, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsArkin, Amsterdam, The Netherlandsvan der GaagMarkFaculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Department of Clinical Psychology and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Psychosis Research, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Zoutkeetsingel 40, 2512 HN The Hague, The NetherlandsVelthorstEvaDepartment Early Psychosis, AMC, Academic Psychiatric Centre, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USAKraanTamar CDepartment Early Psychosis, AMC, Academic Psychiatric Centre, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlandsvan DamDaniella SDepartment Early Psychosis, AMC, Academic Psychiatric Centre, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsBurgerNadineDepartment of Psychosis Research, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Zoutkeetsingel 40, 2512 HN The Hague, The NetherlandsNelsonBarnabyCentre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road (Locked Bag 10), Parkville, Victoria 485 3052, AustraliaMcGorryPatrickCentre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road (Locked Bag 10), Parkville, Victoria 485 3052, AustraliaPaul AmmingerGünterCentre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road (Locked Bag 10), Parkville, Victoria 485 3052, AustraliaPantelisChristosCentre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road (Locked Bag 10), Parkville, Victoria 485 3052, AustraliaPolitisAthenaCentre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road (Locked Bag 10), Parkville, Victoria 485 3052, AustraliaGoodallJoanneCentre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road (Locked Bag 10), Parkville, Victoria 485 3052, AustraliaRiecher-RösslerAnitaUniversity Psychiatric Hospital, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, CH-4002 Basel, SwitzerlandBorgwardtStefanUniversity Psychiatric Hospital, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, CH-4002 Basel, SwitzerlandRappCharlotteUniversity Psychiatric Hospital, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, CH-4002 Basel, SwitzerlandIttigSarahUniversity Psychiatric Hospital, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, CH-4002 Basel, SwitzerlandStuderusErichUniversity Psychiatric Hospital, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, CH-4002 Basel, SwitzerlandSmieskovaRenataUniversity Psychiatric Hospital, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, CH-4002 Basel, SwitzerlandBressanRodrigoLiNC - Lab Interdisciplinar Neurociências Clínicas, Depto Psiquiatria, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP, São Paulo, BrazilGadelhaAryLiNC - Lab Interdisciplinar Neurociências Clínicas, Depto Psiquiatria, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP, São Paulo, BrazilBrietzkeElisaDepto Psiquiatria, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP, São Paulo, BrazilAsevedoGraccielleLiNC - Lab Interdisciplinar Neurociências Clínicas, Depto Psiquiatria, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP, São Paulo, BrazilAsevedoElsonLiNC - Lab Interdisciplinar Neurociências Clínicas, Depto Psiquiatria, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP, São Paulo, BrazilZugmanAndreLiNC - Lab Interdisciplinar Neurociências Clínicas, Depto Psiquiatria, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP, São Paulo, BrazilBarrantes-VidalNeusDepartament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), Fundació Sanitària Sant Pere Claver (Spain), Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, SpainDomínguez-MartínezTecelliCONACYT-Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (México), Mexico City, MexicoTorrecillaPilarDepartament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), Barcelona, SpainKwapilThomas RDepartment of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USAMonsonetManelDepartament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), Barcelona, SpainHinojosaLídiaDepartament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), Barcelona, SpainKazesMathildeUniversity Paris Descartes, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, C’JAAD, Service HospitaloUniversitaire, Inserm U894, Institut de Psychiatrie (CNRS 3557) Paris, FranceDabanClaireUniversity Paris Descartes, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, C’JAAD, Service HospitaloUniversitaire, Inserm U894, Institut de Psychiatrie (CNRS 3557) Paris, FranceBourginJulieUniversity Paris Descartes, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, C’JAAD, Service HospitaloUniversitaire, Inserm U894, Institut de Psychiatrie (CNRS 3557) Paris, FranceGayOlivierUniversity Paris Descartes, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, C’JAAD, Service HospitaloUniversitaire, Inserm U894, Institut de Psychiatrie (CNRS 3557) Paris, FranceMam-Lam-FookCéliaUniversity Paris Descartes, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, C’JAAD, Service HospitaloUniversitaire, Inserm U894, Institut de Psychiatrie (CNRS 3557) Paris, FranceKrebsMarie-OdileUniversity Paris Descartes, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, C’JAAD, Service HospitaloUniversitaire, Inserm U894, Institut de Psychiatrie (CNRS 3557) Paris, FranceNordholmDorteMental Health Center Copenhagen and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkRandersLasseMental Health Center Copenhagen and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkKrakauerKristineMental Health Center Copenhagen and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkGlenthøjLouiseMental Health Center Copenhagen and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkGlenthøjBirteCentre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) & Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, DenmarkNordentoftMereteMental Health Center Copenhagen and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkRuhrmannStephanDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanyGebhardDominikaDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanyArnholdJuliaPsyberlin, Berlin, GermanyKlosterkötterJoachimDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanySachsGabrieleDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaLasserIrisDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaWinklbaurBernadetteDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaDelespaulPhilippe ADepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD 464 Maastricht, The NetherlandsMondriaan Mental Health Trust, PO Box 4436 CX Heerlen, The NetherlandsRuttenBart PDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD 464 Maastricht, The Netherlandsvan Os1JimDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD 464 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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7
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Koller WN, Cannon TD. Aberrant memory and delusional ideation: A pernicious partnership? Clin Psychol Rev 2023; 99:102231. [PMID: 36469975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Delusions can be conceptualized as beliefs that are both at odds with consensus reality and espoused with high conviction. While delusions represent a cardinal symptom of schizophrenia, delusion-like beliefs can be found in the general population. Do similar cognitive mechanisms support delusionality across this spectrum? If so, what are they? Here, we examine evidence for a mechanistic role of the (associative) memory system in the formation and maintenance of delusions and delusion-like beliefs. While general neurocognitive metrics do not tend to associate with delusionality, our scoping review of the clinical and subclinical literature reveals several subdomains of memory function that do. These include a propensity to commit errors of commission (i.e., false alarms and intrusions), source memory biases, and metamemory impairment. We discuss how several of these effects may stem from aberrant associative memory function and offer recommendations for future research. Further, we propose a state/trait interaction model in which underlying traits (i.e., impaired associative and metamemory function) may become coupled with delusionality during states of acute psychosis, when memory function is particularly challenged by aberrant salience attribution and noisy perceptual input. According to this model, delusions may arise as explanations to high-salience (but low-source) mnemonic content that is endorsed with high confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- William N Koller
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520-8205, United States of America.
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520-8205, United States of America
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8
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Kassim FM. Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits. Hum Psychopharmacol 2023; 38:e2856. [PMID: 36251504 PMCID: PMC10078276 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This research aimed to systematically review the acute effects of amphetamine (AMP), a dopamine-releasing agent, on working memory (WM) and other cognitive performances. The investigation also aimed to review the impact of personality traits on the subjective and objective effects of AMP and possible links between personality traits and effects of AMP. METHODS Previous double-blind controlled studies assessing the main effects of AMP on WM and other cognitive performances in healthy volunteers were systematically reviewed. An electronic search was performed in the PUBMED and SCOPUS databases. Narrative reviews of the influence of personality traits on the subjective and objective effects of AMP were included. RESULTS Nineteen WM studies were included in the current review. Seven studies found effects of AMP on spatial WM, but only one study found the effect of AMP on verbal WM. Thirty-seven independent studies on other aspects of cognitive performance were identified. Twenty-two reported effects of AMP on cognitive functions. Studies also showed that personality traits are associated with the subjective effects of AMP. However, few studies reported the impacts of personality traits on the objective (such as WM) effects of AMP. CONCLUSION Overall, findings indicate that AMP has mixed-effects on spatial WM and other cognitive functions, but it lacks effects on verbal WM. Although there are insufficient studies on objective measures, studies also indicated that the subjective effects of AMP administration are linked to between-person variations in personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz M Kassim
- Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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9
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Karcher NR, Merchant J, Pine J, Kilciksiz CM. Cognitive Dysfunction as a Risk Factor for Psychosis. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 63:173-203. [PMID: 35989398 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The current chapter summarizes recent evidence for cognition as a risk factor for the development of psychosis, including the range of cognitive impairments that exist across the spectrum of psychosis risk symptoms. The chapter examines several possible theories linking cognitive deficits with the development of psychotic symptoms, including evidence that cognitive deficits may be an intermediate risk factor linking genetic and/or neural metrics to psychosis spectrum symptoms. Although there is not strong evidence for unique cognitive markers associated specifically with psychosis compared to other forms of psychopathology, psychotic disorders are generally associated with the greatest severity of cognitive deficits. Cognitive deficits precede the development of psychotic symptoms and may be detectable as early as childhood. Across the psychosis spectrum, both the presence and severity of psychotic symptoms are associated with mild to moderate impairments across cognitive domains, perhaps most consistently for language, cognitive control, and working memory domains. Research generally indicates the size of these cognitive impairments worsens as psychosis symptom severity increases. The chapter points out areas of unclarity and unanswered questions in each of these areas, including regarding the mechanisms contributing to the association between cognition and psychosis, the timing of deficits, and whether any cognitive systems can be identified that function as specific predictors of psychosis risk symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Jaisal Merchant
- Department of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jacob Pine
- Department of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Can Misel Kilciksiz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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10
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Ruiz-Castañeda P, Santiago Molina E, Aguirre Loaiza H, Daza González MT. Positive symptoms of schizophrenia and their relationship with cognitive and emotional executive functions. Cogn Res Princ Implic 2022; 7:78. [PMID: 35960384 PMCID: PMC9374871 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-022-00428-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are associated with significant difficulties in daily functioning, and these difficulties have been associated with impaired executive functions (EEFF). However, specific cognitive and socio-emotional executive deficits have not been fully established. OBJECTIVE The present study has several objectives. First, we aimed to examine the specific deficits in cognitive and socio-emotional EEFF in a group of patients with schizophrenia with a predominance of positive symptoms, as well as to determine if these patients present clinically significant scores in any of the three fronto-subcortical behavioral syndromes: Dorsolateral, Orbitofrontal, or Anterior Cingulate. METHOD The sample consisted of 54 patients, 27 with a predominance of positive symptoms, and 27 healthy controls matched for gender, age, and education. The two groups completed four cognitive and three socio-emotional EEFF tasks. In the group of patients, positive symptoms were evaluated using the scale for the Evaluation of Positive Symptoms (SANS), while the behavioral alterations associated with the three fronto-subcortical syndromes were evaluated using the Frontal System Behavior Scale (FrSBe). RESULTS The patients, in comparison with a control group, presented specific deficits in cognitive and socio-emotional EEFF. In addition, a high percentage of patients presented clinically significant scores on the three fronto-subcortical syndromes. CONCLUSION The affectation that these patients present, in terms of both cognitive and emotional components, highlights the importance of developing a neuropsychological EEFF intervention that promotes the recovery of the affected cognitive capacities and improves the social and emotional functioning of the affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Ruiz-Castañeda
- Neuropsychological Evaluation and Rehabilitation Center (CERNEP), University of Almeria, Carretera de Sacramento, s / n. La Cañada de San Urbano. 04120, Almeria, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria Spain, Carretera de Sacramento, s /n. La Cañada de San Urbano. 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Encarnación Santiago Molina
- Mental Health Hospitalization Unit of Torrecárdenas University Hospital, Calle Hermandad de Donantes de Sangre, s/n, 04009, Almería, Spain
| | - Haney Aguirre Loaiza
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Pereira, Avenida Sur/Las Americas Cra 21 # 49-95, Pereira, Colombia
| | - María Teresa Daza González
- Neuropsychological Evaluation and Rehabilitation Center (CERNEP), University of Almeria, Carretera de Sacramento, s / n. La Cañada de San Urbano. 04120, Almeria, Spain.
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria Spain, Carretera de Sacramento, s /n. La Cañada de San Urbano. 04120, Almeria, Spain.
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11
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Barnes GL, Stewart C, Browning S, Bracegirdle K, Laurens KR, Gin K, Hirsch C, Abbott C, Onwumere J, Banerjea P, Kuipers E, Jolley S. Distressing psychotic-like experiences, cognitive functioning and early developmental markers in clinically referred young people aged 8-18 years. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:461-472. [PMID: 34480219 PMCID: PMC8934329 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neurocognitive difficulties and early childhood speech/motor delays are well documented amongst older adolescents and young adults considered at risk for psychosis-spectrum diagnoses. We aimed to test associations between unusual or psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), co-occurring distress/emotional symptoms, current cognitive functioning and developmental delays/difficulties in young people (aged 8-18 years) referred to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in South London, UK. METHODS Study 1 examined receptive language, verbal learning and caregiver-reported speech and motor delays/difficulties in a sample of 101 clinically-referred children aged 8-14 years, comparing those reporting no PLEs (n = 19), PLEs without distress (n = 16), and PLEs with distress (n = 66). Study 2 tested associations of severity of distressing PLEs with vocabulary, perceptual reasoning, word reading and developmental delays/difficulties in a second sample of 122 adolescents aged 12-18 years with distressing PLEs. RESULTS In Study 1, children with distressing PLEs had lower receptive language and delayed recall and higher rates of developmental delays/difficulties than the no-PLE and non-distressing PLE groups (F values: 2.3-2.8; p values: < 0.005). Receptive language (β = 0.24, p = 0.03) and delayed recall (β = - 0.17, p = 0.02) predicted PLE distress severity. In Study 2, the cognitive-developmental variables did not significantly predict PLE distress severity (β values = 0.01-0.22, p values: > 0.05). CONCLUSION Findings may be consistent with a cognitive-developmental model relating distressing PLEs in youth with difficulties in cognitive functioning. This highlights the potential utility of adjunctive cognitive strategies which target mechanisms associated with PLE distress. These could be included in cognitive-behavioural interventions offered prior to the development of an at-risk mental state in mental health, educational or public health settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Barnes
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AZ, UK.
| | - C Stewart
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - S Browning
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - K Bracegirdle
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - K R Laurens
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Psychology and Counselling, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- University of New South Wales, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - K Gin
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - C Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - C Abbott
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - J Onwumere
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - P Banerjea
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - E Kuipers
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - S Jolley
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
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12
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Rossi R, Collazzoni A, Talevi D, Gibertoni D, Quarta E, Rossi A, Stratta P, Di Lorenzo G, Pacitti F. Personal and contextual components of resilience mediate risky family environment's effect on psychotic-like experiences. Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:1677-1685. [PMID: 33369062 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) index an increased risk for subsequent psychotic disorders. A risky family environment is a well-established risk factor for PLEs; however, different contextual and personal resiliency factors may differentially mediate its effect on PLEs. OBJECTIVE In this study, we propose a two-dimensional model of resilience. Our aim is to address separately the mediational role of personal and contextual resiliency factors between a risky family environment and PLEs in a community sample. METHODS AND MATERIALS Five-hundred University students completed an on-line questionnaire, including the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), the 16-item version of the Prodromal Questionnaire (iPQ-16) and the Risky Family Questionnaire (RFQ). Mediation was assessed using Structural Equation Modelling with bootstrapping estimation of indirect effect. RESULTS The direct effects of personal and contextual resilience on PLEs were respectively -0.69 [-0.97, -0.41] (P < .001) and - 0.19 [-0.58, 0.20] (ns); the indirect effect through personal resilience was 0.03[0.01, 0.04] (P < .001). Personal resilience mediated 27.4% of the total effect of risky family environment on PLEs. DISCUSSION Personal resilience, as opposite to contextual resilience, mediates the effect of a risky family environment on PLEs. Low personal resilience may represent an individual risk factor that transmits the effect of risky family environment on PLEs and could represent a central aspect of individualized prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Rossi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Collazzoni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Dalila Talevi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Dino Gibertoni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Quarta
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Paolo Stratta
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giorgio Di Lorenzo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pacitti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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13
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Becske M, Marosi C, Molnár H, Fodor Z, Tombor L, Csukly G. Distractor filtering and its electrophysiological correlates in schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 133:71-82. [PMID: 34814018 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with schizophrenia are characterized by compromised working memory (WM) performance and increased distractibility. Theta synchronization (especially over the frontal midline areas) is related to cognitive control and executive processes during WM encoding and retention. Alpha event-related desynchronization (ERD) is associated with information processing and attention. METHODS Participants (35 patients and 39 matched controls) performed a modified Sternberg WM task, containing salient and non-salient distractor items in the retention period. A high-density 128 channel EEG was recorded during the task. Theta (4-7 Hz) and fast alpha (10-13 Hz) event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) were analyzed during the retention and encoding period. RESULTS Patients with schizophrenia showed worse WM performance and increased attentional distractibility in terms of lower hit rates and increased distractor-related commission errors compared to healthy controls. Theta synchronization was modulated by condition (learning vs. distractor) in both groups but it was modulated by salience only in controls. Furthermore, salience of distractors modulated less the fast alpha ERD in patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that patients with schizophrenia process salient and non-salient distracting information less efficiently and show weaker cognitive control compared to controls. SIGNIFICANCE These differences may partly account for diminished WM performance and increased distractibility in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Becske
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Marosi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Molnár
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Fodor
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Tombor
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Csukly
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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14
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Ibanez-Casas I, Carmen Maura CDAC, Gutiérrez B, Cervilla JA. A population-based cross-sectional study of cognitive deficits in paranoia. Psychiatry Res 2021; 299:113820. [PMID: 33706196 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to investigate the association between paranoia and performance in a range of neurocognitive domains using a large community sample. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 4507 individuals within the PISMA-ep Study. We used a large community sample selected after multistage sampling using standard stratification techniques. Socio-demographic variables such as age, gender, educational level, urbanicity, and geographical region were recorded. The Spanish version of the Green Paranoid Thought Scale (S-GPTS) was used to assess paranoid thoughts. The Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP) was used to assess neurocognitive performance both globally and by domains (i.e., immediate and delayed verbal learning, working memory, verbal fluency and processing speed). Individuals with high S-GPTS paranoia scores showed significantly lower performance on global cognitive function and also on immediate (but not delayed) verbal learning, working memory, verbal fluency and processing speed. These results held statistical significance even after controlling for the effects of education and estimated IQ. We propose that cognitive deficits may be mediators of paranoid thinking formation and need to be considered when assessing patients with high levels of paranoia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Blanca Gutiérrez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Granada, Avda de la investigación, 11 - School of Medicine. Tower A, 9th Floor, 18016 Granada Spain.
| | - Jorge A Cervilla
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Granada, Avda de la investigación, 11 - School of Medicine. Tower A, 9th Floor, 18016 Granada Spain; Mental Health Unit, "Clínico San Cecilio" University Hospital, Granada, Spain.
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15
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Mahedy L, Suddell S, Skirrow C, Fernandes GS, Field M, Heron J, Hickman M, Wootton R, Munafò MR. Alcohol use and cognitive functioning in young adults: improving causal inference. Addiction 2021; 116:292-302. [PMID: 32335969 DOI: 10.1111/add.15100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There have been few longitudinal studies of association between alcohol use and cognitive functioning in young people. We aimed to examine whether alcohol use is a causal risk factor for deficient cognitive functioning in young adults. DESIGN Linear regression was used to examine the relationship between longitudinal latent class patterns of binge drinking and subsequent cognitive functioning. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) tested evidence for the causal relationship between alcohol use and cognitive functioning. SETTING South West England. PARTICIPANTS The observational study included 3155 adolescents and their parents (fully adjusted models) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Genetic instruments for alcohol use were based on almost 1 000 000 individuals from the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine use (GSCAN). Genome-wide association studies for cognitive outcomes were based on 2500 individuals from ALSPAC. MEASUREMENTS Binge drinking was assessed at approximately 16, 17, 18, 21 and 23 years. Cognitive functioning comprised working memory, response inhibition and emotion recognition assessed at 24 years of age. Ninety-nine independent genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with 'number of drinks per week' were used as the genetic instrument for alcohol consumption. Potential confounders were included in the observational analyses. FINDINGS Four binge drinking classes were identified: 'low-risk' (41.3%), 'early-onset monthly' (19.1%), 'adult frequent' (22.5%) and 'early-onset frequent' (17.0%). The association between early-onset frequent binge drinking and cognitive functioning: working memory (b = -0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -1.24 to 0.41), response inhibition (b = 31.9, 95% CI = -25.3 to 89.2), and emotion recognition (b = 0.02, 95% CI = -0.07 to 0.10) in comparison to low-risk drinkers were inconclusive as to whether a difference was present. Two-sample MR analyses similarly provided little evidence that alcohol use is associated with deficits in working memory using the inverse variance weight (b = 0.29, 95% CI = -0.42 to 0.99), response inhibition (b = -0.32, 95% CI = -1.04 to 0.39) and emotion recognition (b = 0.03, 95% CI = -0.55 to 0.61). CONCLUSIONS Binge drinking in adolescence and early adulthood may not be causally related to deficiencies in working memory, response inhibition or emotion recognition in youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Mahedy
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Steph Suddell
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline Skirrow
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Cambridge Cognition, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gwen S Fernandes
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matt Field
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Hickman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Robyn Wootton
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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16
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Francisco AA, Horsthuis DJ, Popiel M, Foxe JJ, Molholm S. Atypical response inhibition and error processing in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and schizophrenia: Towards neuromarkers of disease progression and risk. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 27:102351. [PMID: 32731196 PMCID: PMC7390764 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (also known as DiGeorge syndrome or velo-cardio-facial syndrome) is characterized by increased vulnerability to neuropsychiatric symptoms, with approximately 30% of individuals with the deletion going on to develop schizophrenia. Clinically, deficits in executive function have been noted in this population, but the underlying neural processes are not well understood. Using a Go/No-Go response inhibition task in conjunction with high-density electrophysiological recordings (EEG), we sought to investigate the behavioral and neural dynamics of inhibition of a prepotent response (a critical component of executive function) in individuals with 22q11.2DS with and without psychotic symptoms, when compared to individuals with idiopathic schizophrenia and age-matched neurotypical controls. Twenty-eight participants diagnosed with 22q11.2DS (14-35 years old; 14 with at least one psychotic symptom), 15 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (18-63 years old) and two neurotypical control groups (one age-matched to the 22q11.2DS sample, the other age-matched to the schizophrenia sample) participated in this study. Analyses focused on the N2 and P3 no-go responses and error-related negativity (Ne) and positivity (Pe). Atypical inhibitory processing was shown behaviorally and by significantly reduced P3, Ne, and Pe responses in 22q11.2DS and schizophrenia. Interestingly, whereas P3 was only reduced in the presence of psychotic symptoms, Ne and Pe were equally reduced in schizophrenia and 22q11.2DS, regardless of the presence of symptoms. We argue that while P3 may be a marker of disease severity, Ne and Pe might be candidate markers of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana A Francisco
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Douwe J Horsthuis
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Maryann Popiel
- Department of Psychiatry, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - John J Foxe
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, The Ernest J. Del Monde Institute for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sophie Molholm
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, The Ernest J. Del Monde Institute for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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17
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Karcher NR, Loewy RL, Savill M, Avenevoli S, Huber RS, Simon TJ, Leckliter IN, Sher KJ, Barch DM. Replication of Associations With Psychotic-Like Experiences in Middle Childhood From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:sgaa009. [PMID: 32803159 PMCID: PMC7418869 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The fields of psychology and psychiatry are increasingly recognizing the importance of replication efforts. The current study aimed to replicate previous findings examining the construct validity and psychometric properties of a psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) measure in middle childhood using an independent subset of the baseline Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) sample. Using a remainder baseline sample of 7013 nine- to eleven-year-old children with complete data, we examined measurement invariance across race/ethnicity and sex, and examined the associations between the Prodromal Questionnaire Brief-Child Version (PQ-BC) and other measures of PLEs, internalizing symptoms, neuropsychological test performance, and developmental milestones, to determine whether previously obtained results replicated in this nonoverlapping baseline sample subset. The results replicated measurement invariance across ethnicity and sex, and analyses again found higher PQ-BC scores for African American (β = .364, 95% CI = 0.292, 0.435) and Hispanic (β = .255, 95% CI = 0.185, 0.324) groups. We also replicated that higher PQ-BC scores were associated with psychosis risk measures, higher rates of child-reported internalizing symptoms (Distress: β = .378, 95% CI = 0.357,0.398), neuropsychological test performance deficits (eg, working memory; Distress: β = −.069, 95% CI = −0.096, −0.042), and motor (Distress: β = .026, 95% CI = 0.003, 0.049) and speech (Distress: β = .042, 95% CI = 0.018, 0.065) developmental milestone delays. The current results replicated many findings from the original study examining the PQ-BC. We replicated evidence for mean differences in race/ethnicity, and associations with other PLE measures, greater internalizing symptoms, cognitive impairments, and developmental milestone delays. These findings indicate robust and reliable associations between PLEs and hypothesized correlates can be found in middle childhood nonclinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Rachel L Loewy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mark Savill
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Rebekah S Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Tony J Simon
- MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | | | - Kenneth J Sher
- Psychology Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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18
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O'Brien KJ, Barch DM, Kandala S, Karcher NR. Examining Specificity of Neural Correlates of Childhood Psychotic-like Experiences During an Emotional n-Back Task. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 5:580-590. [PMID: 32354687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) during childhood are associated with greater risk of developing a psychotic disorder in adulthood, highlighting the importance of identifying neural correlates of childhood PLEs. Furthermore, impairment of cognitive functions, such as working memory and emotion regulation, has also been linked to psychosis risk as well as to disruptions in several brain regions. However, impairments in these domains have also been linked to other disorders, including depression. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine whether neural impairments in regions associated with working memory and implicit emotion regulation impairments are specific to PLEs versus depression. METHODS The current study used an emotional n-back task to examine the relationship between childhood PLEs and neural activation of regions involved in both working memory and implicit emotion regulation using data from 8805 9- to 11-year-olds in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study 2.0 release. To examine specificity, we also analyzed associations with depressive symptoms. RESULTS Our results indicated that increased PLEs during middle childhood were associated with decreased activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, striatum, and pallidum during trials requiring working memory. In contrast, increased activation of the parahippocampus, caudate, nucleus accumbens, and rostral anterior cingulate during face-viewing trials was associated with increased depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These results support the dimensional view of psychosis across the lifespan, providing evidence that neural correlates of PLEs, such as decreased activation during working memory, are present during middle childhood. Furthermore, these correlates are specific to psychotic-like symptoms as compared with depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sridhar Kandala
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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19
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Rossi R, Socci V, Gregori E, Talevi D, Collazzoni A, Pacitti F, Stratta P, Rossi A, Di Lorenzo G. ResilienCity: Resilience and Psychotic-Like Experiences 10 Years After L'Aquila Earthquake. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:77. [PMID: 32180736 PMCID: PMC7059251 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An earthquake hit the city of L'Aquila in central Italy in 2009, leaving the city completely destroyed and 309 casualties. Unexpectedly, lower rates of psychotic experiences in persons affected by the earthquake compared to non-affected persons were found 10 months after the earthquake. The very long-term impact of a natural disaster on the prevalence of psychotic experiences deserves more in-depth detailing. The Authors examined resilience and psychotic experiences in a university student sample of 494. No effect of direct exposure to the earthquake (odds ratio = 0.64, 95%CI [0.37, 1.11]), material damages (odds ratio = 0.86, 95%CI [0.60, 1.23]), psychological suffering (odds ratio = 1.06, 95% CI [0.83, 1.36]), or global impact severity (odds ratio = 0.92, 95%CI [0.76, 1.12]) on psychotic experiences was detected. Resilience levels did not differ between affected and non-affected persons. Resilience showed a strong protective effect on psychotic experiences (odds ratio=0.38, 95% CI [0.28, 0.51]. The protective effect of the RSA factor "Perception of Self" was significantly stronger in individuals affected by the earthquake compared to non-affected subjects. Being affected by an earthquake is not a risk factor for psychotic experiences in a university student sample, as no direct effect of the earthquake was detected after 10 years after the event. Resilience is confirmed as a strong protective factor for psychotic experiences irrespectively of large collective traumatic events. Extension of these results to a general population sample could provide interesting insights into recovery from natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Rossi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Socci
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gregori
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Dalila Talevi
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alberto Collazzoni
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Pacitti
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Paolo Stratta
- Department of Mental Health, ASL1 Abruzzo, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giorgio Di Lorenzo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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20
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Sours C, Kinnison J, Padmala S, Gullapalli RP, Pessoa L. Altered segregation between task-positive and task-negative regions in mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 12:697-709. [PMID: 28456880 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9724-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Changes in large-scale brain networks that accompany mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) were investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the N-back working memory task at two cognitive loads (1-back and 2-back). Thirty mTBI patients were examined during the chronic stage of injury and compared to 28 control participants. Demographics and behavioral performance were matched across groups. Due to the diffuse nature of injury, we hypothesized that there would be an imbalance in the communication between task-positive and Default Mode Network (DMN) regions in the context of effortful task execution. Specifically, a graph-theoretic measure of modularity was used to quantify the extent to which groups of brain regions tended to segregate into task-positive and DMN sub-networks. Relative to controls, mTBI patients showed reduced segregation between the DMN and task-positive networks, but increased functional connectivity within the DMN regions during the more cognitively demanding 2-back task. Together, our findings reveal that patients exhibit alterations in the communication between and within neural networks during a cognitively demanding task. These findings reveal altered processes that persist through the chronic stage of injury, highlighting the need for longitudinal research to map the neural recovery of mTBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandler Sours
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Joshua Kinnison
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Srikanth Padmala
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Rao P Gullapalli
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Luiz Pessoa
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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21
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Chawner SJRA, Niarchou M, Doherty JL, Moss H, Owen MJ, van den Bree MBM. The emergence of psychotic experiences in the early adolescence of 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 109:10-17. [PMID: 30458299 PMCID: PMC6331974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) are at substantial increased risk of psychosis spectrum outcomes including schizophrenia. We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study of the psychopathological and neurocognitive correlates of early psychotic phenomena in young people with 22q11.2DS (n = 75, mean age time 1 (T1) 9.9 years, time 2 (T2) 12.5 years). We also assessed unaffected control siblings (n = 33, mean age T1 10.6 years, T2 13.4 years). The prevalence of psychotic experiences, defined as subthreshold psychotic phenomena, substantially increased in children with 22q11.2DS from 4% (n = 3) in childhood (T1) to 21% (n = 16) in early adolescence (T2) (p = 0.001), and at T2 prevalence was significantly elevated (p = 0.020) relative to control siblings (3%). The emergence of psychotic experiences was associated with levels of childhood anxiety symptoms at T1 and differential development of the attention-executive domain. IQ ability and IQ change, however, were not associated with the emergence of psychotic experiences, indicating that initial changes in attention-executive functioning may precede the decline in global cognition that has been reported to be associated with later stages of psychosis development. Our study highlights that psychotic phenomena emerge early in 22q11.2DS and we implicate attention-executive functioning and anxiety as key domains associated with the development of these psychotic experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J R A Chawner
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Niarchou
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne L Doherty
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley Moss
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Owen
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
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22
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Mahedy L, Field M, Gage S, Hammerton G, Heron J, Hickman M, Munafò MR. Alcohol Use in Adolescence and Later Working Memory: Findings From a Large Population-Based Birth Cohort. Alcohol Alcohol 2018; 53:251-258. [PMID: 29329371 PMCID: PMC5913665 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The study aimed to examine the association between adolescent alcohol use and working memory (WM) using a large population sample. Methods Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were used to investigate the association between alcohol use at age 15 years and WM 3 years later, assessed using the N-back task (N ~ 3300). A three-category ordinal variable captured mutually exclusive alcohol groupings ranging in order of severity (i.e. low alcohol users, frequent drinkers and frequent/binge drinkers). Differential dropout was accounted for using multiple imputation and inverse probability weighting. Adjustment was made for potential confounders. Results There was evidence of an association between frequent/binge drinking (compared to the low alcohol group) and poorer performance on the 3-back task after adjusting for sociodemographic confounding variables, WM at age 11 years, and experience of a head injury/unconsciousness before age 11 years (β = −0.23, 95% CI = −0.37 to −0.09, P = 0.001). However, this association was attenuated (β = −0.12, 95% CI = −0.27 to 0.03, P = 0.11) when further adjusted for baseline measures of weekly cigarette tobacco and cannabis use. Weaker associations were found for the less demanding 2-back task. We found no evidence to suggest frequent drinking was associated with performance on either task. Conclusions We found weak evidence of an association between sustained heavy alcohol use in mid-adolescence and impaired WM 3 years later. Although we cannot fully rule out the possibility of reverse causation, several potential confounding variables were included to address the directionality of the relationship between WM and alcohol use problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Mahedy
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Matt Field
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Bedford Street South, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK.,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Suzanne Gage
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Bedford Street South, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Gemma Hammerton
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Matt Hickman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Priory Road, Bristol BS8 ITU, UK
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23
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Gupta T, DeVylder JE, Auerbach R, Schiffman J, Mittal VA. Speech illusions and working memory performance in non-clinical psychosis. Schizophr Res 2018; 195:391-395. [PMID: 29089190 PMCID: PMC5924653 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic disorders are characterized by auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs), and research has shown that AVHs are linked to deficits in working memory. Our understanding of AVHs across the psychosis continuum is limited. To date, little research has tested whether hallucination proneness (HP) is linked with abnormalities on experimental multispeaker babble tasks. Few investigations have been conducted to determine how task performance might be linked to cognitive functioning. The objective of the current study is to better understand this empirical gap. A total of 70 adults (30 healthy controls and 40 HP individuals) were administered an experimental task in which they listened to multispeaker babble and were instructed to report any words or chains of consecutive words (CCWs) perceived. Participants also were administered nonverbal and verbal working memory tasks. Findings revealed that relative to the control group, the HP individuals perceived more words and longer CCWs during the task. While there were no significant differences in working memory tasks between the HP and control groups, longer CCW's were associated with decreased verbal working memory scores in the HP group. AVH proneness may occur across a continuum of psychosis and may be linked with other theoretically relevant cognitive vulnerability factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Gupta
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Jordan E. DeVylder
- University of Maryland School of Social Work, Baltimore MD USA, Northwestern University, Evanston IL USA
| | - Randy Auerbach
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, Northwestern University, Evanston IL USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA USA, Northwestern University, Evanston IL USA
| | - Jason Schiffman
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Department of Psychology, Baltimore MD USA, Northwestern University, Evanston IL USA
| | - Vijay A. Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston IL USA,Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Evanston IL USA,Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston IL USA,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston IL USA
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24
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Cosgrave J, Haines R, van Heugten-van der Kloet D, Purple R, Porcheret K, Foster R, Wulff K. The interaction between subclinical psychotic experiences, insomnia and objective measures of sleep. Schizophr Res 2018; 193:204-208. [PMID: 28711475 PMCID: PMC5861320 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Investigations into schizophrenia have revealed a high incidence of comorbidity with disturbed sleep and circadian timing. Acknowledging this comorbidity on a dimensional level, we tested prospectively whether subclinical psychotic symptoms are more prevalent in individuals with insomnia. An insomnia group (n=21) and controls (n=22) were recruited on their subjective sleep quality, recorded actigraphically for 3weeks and assessed for psychotic-like experiences with The Prodromal Questionnaire-16. Using multivariate Poisson regression analyses, we found that objective and subjective sleep measures interact to predict the highest risk for psychotic experiences. Objective measures of sleep and statistical modelling are rarely used in either clinical trials or practice for schizophrenia, yet this study highlights their value in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Cosgrave
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Ross Haines
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dalena van Heugten-van der Kloet
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Brookes University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Psychology, Social Work and Public Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Purple
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Porcheret
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Russell Foster
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina Wulff
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Catalan A, de Artaza MG, Fernández-Rivas A, Angosto V, Aguirregomoscorta F, Bustamante S, Díaz A, Zamalloa I, Olazabal N, Bilbao A, Maruottolo C, Gonzalez-Torres MA. Affectively salient signal to random noise might be used to identify psychosis vulnerability in severe mental disorders. Eur Psychiatry 2018; 49:37-42. [PMID: 29366846 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical psychotic symptoms are present in the general population. Furthermore, they are quite common in diagnostic categories beyond psychosis, such as BPD patients. METHODS We want to assess the differences between 3 groups: BPD (n = 68), FEP (n = 83) and controls (n = 203) in an experimental paradigm measuring the presence of speech illusions in white noise. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was administered in the patient group, the Structured Interview for Schizotypy-Revised, and the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences in the control and BPD group. The white noise task was also analysed within a signal detection theory (SDT) framework. Logistic regression analyses and the general linear models were used to analyse the adjusted differences between groups. RESULTS Differences were more prevalent in signals that were perceived as affectively salient in patients groups (9.6% in FEP vs 5.9% in BPD and 1% in controls; OR: 10.7; 95%CI: 2.2-51.6, p = 0.003 in FEP; OR: 6.3; 95%CI: 1.1-35.0, p = 0.036 in BPD). Besides, we found a worse general performance and more false alarms in the task for FEP group using SDT framework. CONCLUSIONS Experimental paradigms indexing the tendency to detect affectively salient signals in noise may be used to identify liability to psychosis in people with vulnerability. Its predictable value in other diagnostic categories and general population requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catalan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain; BioCruces Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
| | | | - Arantza Fernández-Rivas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain; BioCruces Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Virxinia Angosto
- Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Bustamante
- Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain; BioCruces Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Aida Díaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iker Zamalloa
- Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nora Olazabal
- Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain; BioCruces Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Amaia Bilbao
- Research Unit - REDISSEC, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Angel Gonzalez-Torres
- Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain; BioCruces Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
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