1
|
Zu HL, Zhuang PP, Peng Y, Peng C, Peng C, Zhu ZJ, Yao Y, Yue J, Wang QS, Zhou WH, Wang HY. Dual-Drug Nanomedicine Assembly with Synergistic Anti-Aneurysmal Effects via Inflammation Suppression and Extracellular Matrix Stabilization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402141. [PMID: 38953313 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) represents a critical cardiovascular condition characterized by localized dilation of the abdominal aorta, carrying a significant risk of rupture and mortality. Current treatment options are limited, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. This study investigates the potential of a pioneering nanodrug delivery system, RAP@PFB, in mitigating AAA progression. RAP@PFB integrates pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) and rapamycin (RAP) within a metal-organic-framework (MOF) structure through a facile assembly process, ensuring remarkable drug loading capacity and colloidal stability. The synergistic effects of PGG, a polyphenolic antioxidant, and RAP, an mTOR inhibitor, collectively regulate key players in AAA pathogenesis, such as macrophages and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In macrophages, RAP@PFB efficiently scavenges various free radicals, suppresses inflammation, and promotes M1-to-M2 phenotype repolarization. In SMCs, it inhibits apoptosis and calcification, thereby stabilizing the extracellular matrix and reducing the risk of AAA rupture. Administered intravenously, RAP@PFB exhibits effective accumulation at the AAA site, demonstrating robust efficacy in reducing AAA progression through multiple mechanisms. Moreover, RAP@PFB demonstrates favorable biosafety profiles, supporting its potential translation into clinical applications for AAA therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lin Zu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Pei Pei Zhuang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Zi Jia Zhu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Ye Yao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Jie Yue
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Qing Shan Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Wen Hu Zhou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Hai Yang Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dowaidar M. Guidelines for the role of autophagy in drug delivery vectors uptake pathways. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30238. [PMID: 38707383 PMCID: PMC11066435 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The process of autophagy refers to the intracellular absorption of cytoplasm (such as proteins, nucleic acids, tiny molecules, complete organelles, and so on) into the lysosome, followed by the breakdown of that cytoplasm. The majority of cellular proteins are degraded by a process called autophagy, which is both a naturally occurring activity and one that may be induced by cellular stress. Autophagy is a system that can save cells' integrity in stressful situations by restoring metabolic basics and getting rid of subcellular junk. This happens as a component of an endurance response. This mechanism may have an effect on disease, in addition to its contribution to the homeostasis of individual cells and tissues as well as the control of development in higher species. The main aim of this study is to discuss the guidelines for the role of autophagy in drug delivery vector uptake pathways. In this paper, we discuss the meaning and concept of autophagy, the mechanism of autophagy, the role of autophagy in drug delivery vectors, autophagy-modulating drugs, nanostructures for delivery systems of autophagy modulators, etc. Later in this paper, we talk about how to deliver chemotherapeutics, siRNA, and autophagy inducers and inhibitors. We also talk about how hard it is to make a drug delivery system that takes nanocarriers' roles as autophagy modulators into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moataz Dowaidar
- Bioengineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Biosystems and Machines Research Center, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Du P, Hou Y, Su C, Gao J, Yang Y, Zhang J, Cui X, Tang J. The future for the therapeutics of abdominal aortic aneurysm: engineered nanoparticles drug delivery for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1324406. [PMID: 38249799 PMCID: PMC10796665 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1324406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a severe cardiovascular disease with a high mortality rate. Several screening and diagnostic methods have been developed for AAA early diagnosis. Open surgery and endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) are clinically available for patients who meet the indications for surgery. However, for non-surgical patients, limited drugs exist to inhibit or reverse the progression of aneurysms due to the complex pathogenesis and biological structure of AAA, failing to accumulate precisely on the lesion to achieve sufficient concentrations. The recently developed nanotechnology offers a new strategy to address this problem by developing drug-carrying nanoparticles with enhanced water solubility and targeting capacity, prolonged duration, and reduced side effects. Despite the rising popularity, limited literature is available to highlight the progression of the field. Herein, in this review, we first discuss the pathogenesis of AAA, the methods of diagnosis and treatment that have been applied clinically, followed by the review of research progressions of constructing different drug-loaded nanoparticles for AAA treatment using engineered nanoparticles. In addition, the feasibility of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and EVs-based nanotechnology for AAA treatment in recent years are highlighted, together with the future perspective. We hope this review will provide a clear picture for the scientists and clinicians to find a new solution for AAA clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengchong Du
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yachen Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chang Su
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yodsanit N, Shirasu T, Huang Y, Yin L, Islam ZH, Gregg AC, Riccio AM, Tang R, Kent EW, Wang Y, Xie R, Zhao Y, Ye M, Zhu J, Huang Y, Hoyt N, Zhang M, Hossack JA, Salmon M, Kent KC, Guo LW, Gong S, Wang B. Targeted PERK inhibition with biomimetic nanoclusters confers preventative and interventional benefits to elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms. Bioact Mater 2023; 26:52-63. [PMID: 36875050 PMCID: PMC9975632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a progressive aortic dilatation, causing ∼80% mortality upon rupture. Currently, there is no approved drug therapy for AAA. Surgical repairs are invasive and risky and thus not recommended to patients with small AAAs which, however, account for ∼90% of the newly diagnosed cases. It is therefore a compelling unmet clinical need to discover effective non-invasive strategies to prevent or slow down AAA progression. We contend that the first AAA drug therapy will only arise through discoveries of both effective drug targets and innovative delivery methods. There is substantial evidence that degenerative smooth muscle cells (SMCs) orchestrate AAA pathogenesis and progression. In this study, we made an exciting finding that PERK, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress Protein Kinase R-like ER Kinase, is a potent driver of SMC degeneration and hence a potential therapeutic target. Indeed, local knockdown of PERK in elastase-challenged aorta significantly attenuated AAA lesions in vivo. In parallel, we also conceived a biomimetic nanocluster (NC) design uniquely tailored to AAA-targeting drug delivery. This NC demonstrated excellent AAA homing via a platelet-derived biomembrane coating; and when loaded with a selective PERK inhibitor (PERKi, GSK2656157), the NC therapy conferred remarkable benefits in both preventing aneurysm development and halting the progression of pre-existing aneurysmal lesions in two distinct rodent models of AAA. In summary, our current study not only establishes a new intervention target for mitigating SMC degeneration and aneurysmal pathogenesis, but also provides a powerful tool to facilitate the development of effective drug therapy of AAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisakorn Yodsanit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Takuro Shirasu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Yitao Huang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- The Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (BIMS), School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Zain Husain Islam
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | | | - Alessandra Marie Riccio
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Runze Tang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Eric William Kent
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Yuyuan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Ruosen Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Mingzhou Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Jingcheng Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Nicholas Hoyt
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Mengxue Zhang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - John A. Hossack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Morgan Salmon
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - K. Craig Kent
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Q, Xin M, Yang S, Wu Q, Xiang X, Wang T, Zhong W, Helder MN, Jaspers RT, Pathak JL, Xiao Y. Silica nanocarrier-mediated intracellular delivery of rapamycin promotes autophagy-mediated M2 macrophage polarization to regulate bone regeneration. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100623. [PMID: 37077506 PMCID: PMC10106556 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting macrophages to regulate the immune microenvironment is a new strategy for bone regeneration with nano-drugs. Nano-drugs have achieved surprising anti-inflammatory and bone-regenerative effects, however, their underlying mechanisms in macrophages remain to be clarified. Macrophage polarization, immunomodulation, and osteogenesis are governed by autophagy. Rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, has shown promising results in bone regeneration, but high dose-mediated cytotoxicity and low bioavailability hinder its clinical application. This study aimed to develop rapamycin-loaded virus-like hollow silica nanoparticles (R@HSNs) which are easily phagocytosed by macrophages and translocated to lysosomes. R@HSNs induced macrophage autophagy, promoted M2 polarization, and alleviated the degree of M1 polarization as indicated by the downregulation of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS, and upregulation of anti-inflammatory factors CD163, CD206, IL-1ra, IL-10, and TGF-β. These effects were nullified by cytochalasin B-induced inhibition of R@HSNs uptake in macrophages. The conditioned medium (CM) collected from R@HSNs-treated macrophages promoted osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (mBMSCs). In a mouse calvaria defect model, free rapamycin treatment was inhibited, but R@HSNs robustly promoted bone defect healing. In conclusion, silica nanocarrier-mediated intracellular rapamycin delivery to macrophages effectively triggers autophagy-mediated M2 macrophage polarization, further enhancing bone regeneration by triggering osteogenic differentiation of mBMSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
- Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mengyu Xin
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Qiuyu Wu
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Xi Xiang
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Marco N. Helder
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard T. Jaspers
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
- Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janak Lal Pathak
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yin Xiao
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
- School of Medicine and Dentistry & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
- The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Corresponding author. Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oladipo AO, Lebelo SL, Msagati TAM. Nanocarrier design–function relationship: The prodigious role of properties in regulating biocompatibility for drug delivery applications. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 377:110466. [PMID: 37004951 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The concept of drug delivery systems as a magic bullet for the delivery of bioactive compounds has emerged as a promising approach in the treatment of different diseases with significant advantages over the limitations of traditional methods. While nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems are the main advocates of drug uptake because they offer several advantages including reduced non-specific biodistribution, improved accumulation, and enhanced therapeutic efficiency; their safety and biocompatibility within cellular/tissue systems are therefore important for achieving the desired effect. The underlying power of "design-interplay chemistry" in modulating the properties and biocompatibility at the nanoscale level will direct the interaction with their immediate surrounding. Apart from improving the existing nanoparticle physicochemical properties, the balancing of the hosts' blood components interaction holds the prospect of conferring newer functions altogether. So far, this concept has been remarkable in achieving many fascinating feats in addressing many challenges in nanomedicine such as immune responses, inflammation, biospecific targeting and treatment, and so on. This review, therefore, provides a diverse account of the recent advances in the fabrication of biocompatible nano-drug delivery platforms for chemotherapeutic applications, as well as combination therapy, theragnostic, and other diseases that are of interest to scientists in the pharmaceutical industries. Thus, careful consideration of the "property of choice" would be an ideal way to realize specific functions from a set of delivery platforms. Looking ahead, there is an enormous prospect for nanoparticle properties in regulating biocompatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adewale O Oladipo
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida, 1710, South Africa.
| | - Sogolo L Lebelo
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Titus A M Msagati
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin W, Hu K, Li C, Pu W, Yan X, Chen H, Hu H, Deng H, Zhang J. A Multi-Bioactive Nanomicelle-Based "One Stone for Multiple Birds" Strategy for Precision Therapy of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2204455. [PMID: 36085560 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remains a lethal aortic disease in the elderly. Currently, no effective drugs can be clinically applied to prevent the development of AAA. Herein, a "one stone for multiple birds" strategy for AAA therapy is reported. As a proof of concept, three bioactive conjugates are designed and synthesized, which can assemble into nanomicelles. Cellularly, these nanomicelles significantly inhibit migration and activation of inflammatory cells as well as protect vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from induced oxidative stress, calcification and apoptosis, with the best effect for nanomicelles (TPTN) derived from a conjugate defined as TPT. After intravenous delivery, TPTN efficiently accumulates in the aneurysmal tissue of AAA rats, showing notable distribution in neutrophils, macrophages and VSMCs, all relevant to AAA pathogenesis. Whereas three examined nanomicelles effectively delay expansion of AAA in rats, TPTN most potently prevents AAA growth by simultaneously normalizing the pro-inflammatory microenvironment and regulating multiple pathological cells. TPTN is effective even at 0.2 mg kg-1 . Besides, TPTN can function as a bioactive nanoplatform for site-specifically delivering and triggerably releasing anti-aneurysmal drugs, affording synergistic therapeutic effects. Consequently, TPTN is a promising multi-bioactive nanotherapy and bioresponsive targeting delivery nanocarrier for effective therapy of AAA and other inflammatory vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Kaiyao Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chenwen Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wendan Pu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xinhao Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Hanzhong Vocational and Technical College, Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province, 723000, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Houyuan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hongping Deng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Lab of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fang ZM, Feng X, Chen Y, Luo H, Jiang DS, Yi X. Targeting autophagy in aortic aneurysm and dissection. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113547. [PMID: 36076620 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
|
9
|
Pape E, Parent M, Pinzano A, Sapin-Minet A, Henrionnet C, Gillet P, Scala-Bertola J, Gambier N. Rapamycin-loaded Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization, and in vitro toxicity study for potential intra-articular injection. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121198. [PMID: 34662644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease. Rapamycin is a potential candidate for OA treatment by increasing the autophagy process implicated in its physiopathology. To optimize Rapamycin profit and avoid systemic side effects, intra-articular (i.a.) administration appeared helpful. However, Rapamycin's highly hydrophobic nature and low bioavailability made it challenging to develop purpose-made drug delivery systems to overcome these limitations. We developed Rapamycin-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) using poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) by emulsion/evaporation method. We evaluated these NPs' cytocompatibility towards cartilage (chondrocytes) and synovial membrane cells (synoviocytes) for a potential i.a. administration. The in vitro characterization of Rapamycin-loaded NPs had shown a suitable profile for an i.a. administration. In vitro biocompatibility of NPs was highlighted to 10 µM of Rapamycin for both synoviocytes and chondrocytes, but significant toxicity was observed with higher concentrations. Besides, synoviocytes are more sensitive to Rapamycin-loaded NPs than chondrocytes. Finally, we observed in vitro that an adapted formulated Rapamycin-loaded NPs could be safe at suitable i.a. injection concentrations. The toxic effect of Rapamycin encapsulated in these NPs on both articular cells was dose-dependent. After Rapamycin-loaded NPs i.a. administration, local retention, in situ safety, and systemic release should be evaluated with experimental in vivo models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Pape
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000 Nancy, France; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Toxicologie et Pharmacovigilance, Bâtiment de Biologie Médicale et de Biopathologie, CHRU de Nancy-Brabois, 5 Rue du Morvan, F54511 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.
| | | | - Astrid Pinzano
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | | | | | - Pierre Gillet
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000 Nancy, France; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Toxicologie et Pharmacovigilance, Bâtiment de Biologie Médicale et de Biopathologie, CHRU de Nancy-Brabois, 5 Rue du Morvan, F54511 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Julien Scala-Bertola
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000 Nancy, France; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Toxicologie et Pharmacovigilance, Bâtiment de Biologie Médicale et de Biopathologie, CHRU de Nancy-Brabois, 5 Rue du Morvan, F54511 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Nicolas Gambier
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000 Nancy, France; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Toxicologie et Pharmacovigilance, Bâtiment de Biologie Médicale et de Biopathologie, CHRU de Nancy-Brabois, 5 Rue du Morvan, F54511 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xie X, Shirasu T, Guo LW, Kent KC. Smad2 inhibition of MET transcription potentiates human vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2021; 44:31-42. [PMID: 35445204 PMCID: PMC9017589 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) apoptosis is involved in major cardiovascular diseases. Smad2 is a transcription factor implicated in aortic aneurysm. The molecular mediators of Smad2-driven SMC apoptosis are not well defined. Here we have identified a Smad2-directed mechanism involving MET and FAS, both encoding cell membrane signaling receptors. Methods and results: Guided by microarray analysis in human primary aortic SMCs, loss/gain-of-function (siRNA/overexpression) indicated that Smad2 negatively and positively regulated, respectively, the gene expression of Met which was identified herein as anti-apoptotic and that of Fas, a known pro-apoptotic factor. While co-immunoprecipitation suggested a physical association of Smad2 with p53, chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by quantitative PCR revealed their co-occupancy in the same region of the MET promoter. Activating p53 with nutlin3a further potentiated the suppression of MET promoter-dependent luciferase activity and the exacerbation of SMC apoptosis that were caused by Smad2 overexpression. These results indicated that Smad2 in SMCs repressed the transcription of MET by cooperating with p53, and that Smad2 also activated FAS, a target gene of its transcription factor activity. Conclusions: Our study suggests a pro-apoptotic mechanism in human SMCs, whereby Smad2 negatively and positively regulates MET and FAS, genes encoding anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic factors, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujie Xie
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Takuro Shirasu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - K Craig Kent
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tammam SN, El Safy S, Ramadan S, Arjune S, Krakor E, Mathur S. Repurpose but also (nano)-reformulate! The potential role of nanomedicine in the battle against SARS-CoV2. J Control Release 2021; 337:258-284. [PMID: 34293319 PMCID: PMC8289726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has taken the world by surprise. To date, a worldwide approved treatment remains lacking and hence in the context of rapid viral spread and the growing need for rapid action, drug repurposing has emerged as one of the frontline strategies in the battle against SARS-CoV2. Repurposed drugs currently being evaluated against COVID-19 either tackle the replication and spread of SARS-CoV2 or they aim at controlling hyper-inflammation and the rampaged immune response in severe disease. In both cases, the target for such drugs resides in the lungs, at least during the period where treatment could still provide substantial clinical benefit to the patient. Yet, most of these drugs are administered systemically, questioning the percentage of administered drug that actually reaches the lung and as a consequence, the distribution of the remainder of the dose to off target sites. Inhalation therapy should allow higher concentrations of the drug in the lungs and lower concentrations systemically, hence providing a stronger, more localized action, with reduced adverse effects. Therefore, the nano-reformulation of the repurposed drugs for inhalation is a promising approach for targeted drug delivery to lungs. In this review, we critically analyze, what nanomedicine could and ought to do in the battle against SARS-CoV2. We start by a brief description of SARS-CoV2 structure and pathogenicity and move on to discuss the current limitations of repurposed antiviral and immune-modulating drugs that are being clinically investigated against COVID-19. This account focuses on how nanomedicine could address limitations of current therapeutics, enhancing the efficacy, specificity and safety of such drugs. With the appearance of new variants of SARS-CoV2 and the potential implication on the efficacy of vaccines and diagnostics, the presence of an effective therapeutic solution is inevitable and could be potentially achieved via nano-reformulation. The presence of an inhaled nano-platform capable of delivering antiviral or immunomodulatory drugs should be available as part of the repertoire in the fight against current and future outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma N. Tammam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo (GUC), 11835 Cairo, Egypt,Corresponding author
| | - Sara El Safy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo (GUC), 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shahenda Ramadan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo (GUC), 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sita Arjune
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Krakor
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, , University of Cologne, Greinstraße 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sanjay Mathur
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, , University of Cologne, Greinstraße 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yin L, Zhang K, Sun Y, Liu Z. Nanoparticle-Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:665846. [PMID: 34307401 PMCID: PMC8292633 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.665846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a localized dilatation of the aorta related to the regional weakening of the wall structure, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality with the aortic ruptures as complications. Ruptured AAA is a dramatic catastrophe, and aortic emergencies constitute one of the leading causes of acute death in older adults. AAA management has been centered on surgical repair of larger aneurysms to mitigate the risks of rupture, and curative early diagnosis and effective pharmacological treatments for this condition are still lacking. Nanoscience provided a possibility of more targeted imaging and drug delivery system. Multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) may be modified with ligands or biomembranes to target agents' delivery to the lesion site, thus reducing systemic toxicity. Furthermore, NPs can improve drug solubility, circulation time, bioavailability, and efficacy after systemic administration. The varied judiciously engineered nano-biomaterials can exist stably in the blood vessels for a long time without being taken up by cells. Here, in this review, we focused on the NP application in the imaging and treatment of AAA. We hope to make an overview of NP-assisted diagnoses and therapy in AAA and discussed the potential of NP-assisted treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaijie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Romero EL, Morilla MJ. Preclinical autophagy modulatory nanomedicines: big challenges, slow advances. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1415-1434. [PMID: 34030559 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1933428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autophagy is a critical housekeeping pathway to remove toxic protein aggregates, damaged organelles, providing cells with bioenergetic substrates needed to survive under adverse conditions. Since altered autophagy is associated with diverse diseases, its pharmacological modulation is considered of therapeutic interest. Nanomedicines may reduce the toxicity and improve the activity of toxic autophagy modulatory drugs (amd). AREAS COVERED The status of the most relevant anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infectious treatments mediated by autophagy modulatory nanomedicines (amN) published in the last 5 years is discussed. EXPERT OPINION Antitumor and anti-inflammatory treatments may be improved by administering amN for selective, massive, and targeted delivery of amd to diseased tissues. The use of amN as antimicrobial agent remains almost underexploited. Assessing the effect of amN on the complex autophagy machinery operating under different basal diseases, however, is not a trivial task. Besides structural reproducibility, nanomedicines must grant higher efficiency, and lower adverse effects than conventional medication. Simplicity of design, carefully chosen (scalable) preparation techniques, and rigorous monitoring of preclinical efficacy and nanotoxicity will improve the chances of clinical success. Currently, available data are not sufficient to envisage a fast-succeeding translation. Application of quality by design criteria would help to reach such milestones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eder Lilia Romero
- Department of Science and Technology, Nanomedicines Research and Development Center, Quilmes National University, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Jose Morilla
- Department of Science and Technology, Nanomedicines Research and Development Center, Quilmes National University, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fukuhara N, Honda Y, Ukita N, Matsui M, Miura Y, Hoshina K. Efficient Suppression of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Expansion in Rats through Systemic Administration of Statin-Loaded Nanomedicine. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228702. [PMID: 33218045 PMCID: PMC7699030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening disease. However, no systemically injectable drug has been approved for AAA treatment due to low bioavailability. Polymeric micelles are nanomedicines that have the potential to improve therapeutic efficacy by selectively delivering drugs into disease sites, and research has mainly focused on cancer treatments. Here, we developed a statin-loaded polymeric micelle to treat AAAs in rat models. The micelle showed medicinal efficacy by preventing aortic aneurysm expansion in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the micelle-injected group showed decreased macrophage infiltration and decreased matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in cases of AAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Fukuhara
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan;
| | - Yuto Honda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan; (Y.H.); (M.M.)
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan;
| | - Nao Ukita
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan;
| | - Makoto Matsui
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan; (Y.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Yutaka Miura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan; (Y.H.); (M.M.)
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan;
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (K.H.); Tel.: +81-45-924-5225 (Y.M.); +81-35-800-8653 (K.H.)
| | - Katsuyuki Hoshina
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan;
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (K.H.); Tel.: +81-45-924-5225 (Y.M.); +81-35-800-8653 (K.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhu S, Zhu K, Li J, Lai H, Wang C. Nano-Biomaterials for the Delivery of Therapeutic and Monitoring Cues for Aortic Diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:583879. [PMID: 33224934 PMCID: PMC7674648 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.583879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aorta is the largest artery in the body, so any diseases or conditions which could cause damage to the aorta would put patients at considerable and life-threatening risk. In the management of aortic diseases, the major treatments include drug therapy, endovascular treatment, and surgical treatment, which are of great danger or with a poor prognosis. The delivery of nano-biomaterials provides a potential development trend and an emerging field where we could monitor patients’ conditions and responses to the nanotherapeutics. One of the putative applications of nanotechnology is ultrasensitive monitoring of cardiovascular markers by detecting and identifying aneurysms. Moreover, the use of nanosystems for targeted drug delivery can minimize the systemic side effects and enhance drug positioning and efficacy compared to conventional drug therapies. This review shows some examples of utilizing nano-biomaterials in in vitro organ and cell culture experiments and explains some developing technologies in delivering and monitoring regenerative therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Lai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yodsanit N, Wang B, Zhao Y, Guo LW, Kent KC, Gong S. Recent progress on nanoparticles for targeted aneurysm treatment and imaging. Biomaterials 2020; 265:120406. [PMID: 32979792 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a localized dilatation of the aorta that plagues millions. Its rupture incurs high mortality rates (~80-90%), pressing an urgent need for therapeutic methods to prevent this deadly outcome. Judiciously designed nanoparticles (NPs) have displayed a unique potential to fulfill this need. Aneurysms feature excessive inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. As such, typically inflammatory cells and exposed ECM proteins have been targeted with NPs for therapeutic, diagnostic, or theranostic purposes in experimental models. NPs have been used not only for encapsulation and delivery of drugs and biomolecules in preclinical tests, but also for enhanced imaging to monitor aneurysm progression in patients. Moreover, they can be readily modified with various molecules to improve lesion targeting, detectability, biocompatibility, and circulation time. This review updates on the progress, limitations, and prospects of NP applications in the context of AAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisakorn Yodsanit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, And Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, And Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
| | - K Craig Kent
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, And Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Department of Material Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
A Novel Hybrid Drug Delivery System for Treatment of Aortic Aneurysms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155538. [PMID: 32748844 PMCID: PMC7432022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing aortic wall degeneration and subsequent aneurysm exclusion failure are major concerns after an endovascular aneurysm repair with a stent-graft. An ideal solution would be a drug therapy that targets the aortic wall and inhibits wall degeneration. Here, we described a novel drug delivery system, which allowed repetitively charging a graft with therapeutic drugs and releasing them to the aortic wall in vivo. The system was composed of a targeted graft, which was labeled with a small target molecule, and the target-recognizing nanocarrier, which contained suitable drugs. We developed the targeted graft by decorating a biotinylated polyester graft with neutravidin. We created the target-recognizing nanocarrier by conjugating drug-containing liposomes with biotinylated bio-nanocapsules. We successfully demonstrated that the target-recognizing nanocarriers could bind to the targeted graft, both in vitro and in blood vessels of live mice. Moreover, the drug released from our drug delivery system reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in mouse aortas. Thus, this hybrid system represents a first step toward an adjuvant therapy that might improve the long-term outcome of endovascular aneurysm repair.
Collapse
|
18
|
Georgilis E, Abdelghani M, Pille J, Aydinlioglu E, van Hest JC, Lecommandoux S, Garanger E. Nanoparticles based on natural, engineered or synthetic proteins and polypeptides for drug delivery applications. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
19
|
Rasines Mazo A, Allison-Logan S, Karimi F, Chan NJA, Qiu W, Duan W, O’Brien-Simpson NM, Qiao GG. Ring opening polymerization of α-amino acids: advances in synthesis, architecture and applications of polypeptides and their hybrids. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4737-4834. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00738e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the synthesis, architectural design and biomedical applications of polypeptides and their hybrids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rasines Mazo
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Stephanie Allison-Logan
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Nicholas Jun-An Chan
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Wenlian Qiu
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
| | - Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson
- Centre for Oral Health Research
- Melbourne Dental School and the Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang H, Sobral MC, Snyder T, Brudno Y, Gorantla VS, Mooney DJ. Clickable, acid labile immunosuppressive prodrugs forin vivotargeting. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:266-277. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01487j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clickable immunosuppressive prodrugs enablein vivoreplenishment of drugs in biomaterial depots to maintain long-term immunosuppression in tissue/organ transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Harvard University
- Cambridge
- Massachusetts 02138
- USA
| | - Miguel C. Sobral
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Harvard University
- Cambridge
- Massachusetts 02138
- USA
| | - Tracy Snyder
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Yevgeny Brudno
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Harvard University
- Cambridge
- Massachusetts 02138
- USA
| | - Vijay S. Gorantla
- Surgery
- Ophthalmology and Bioengineering
- Wake Forest School of Medicine
- Winston-Salem
- USA
| | - David J. Mooney
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Harvard University
- Cambridge
- Massachusetts 02138
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tavakol S, Ashrafizadeh M, Deng S, Azarian M, Abdoli A, Motavaf M, Poormoghadam D, Khanbabaei H, Afshar EG, Mandegary A, Pardakhty A, Yap CT, Mohammadinejad R, Kumar AP. Autophagy Modulators: Mechanistic Aspects and Drug Delivery Systems. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E530. [PMID: 31557936 PMCID: PMC6843293 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy modulation is considered to be a promising programmed cell death mechanism to prevent and cure a great number of disorders and diseases. The crucial step in designing an effective therapeutic approach is to understand the correct and accurate causes of diseases and to understand whether autophagy plays a cytoprotective or cytotoxic/cytostatic role in the progression and prevention of disease. This knowledge will help scientists find approaches to manipulate tumor and pathologic cells in order to enhance cellular sensitivity to therapeutics and treat them. Although some conventional therapeutics suffer from poor solubility, bioavailability and controlled release mechanisms, it appears that novel nanoplatforms overcome these obstacles and have led to the design of a theranostic-controlled drug release system with high solubility and active targeting and stimuli-responsive potentials. In this review, we discuss autophagy modulators-related signaling pathways and some of the drug delivery strategies that have been applied to the field of therapeutic application of autophagy modulators. Moreover, we describe how therapeutics will target various steps of the autophagic machinery. Furthermore, nano drug delivery platforms for autophagy targeting and co-delivery of autophagy modulators with chemotherapeutics/siRNA, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of basic science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Shuo Deng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Maryam Azarian
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Asghar Abdoli
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Motavaf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Delaram Poormoghadam
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hashem Khanbabaei
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Elham Ghasemipour Afshar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Celestial T Yap
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cheng J, Zhang R, Li C, Tao H, Dou Y, Wang Y, Hu H, Zhang J. A Targeting Nanotherapy for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 72:2591-2605. [PMID: 30466517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.2188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the elderly. Currently, there remain no effective drugs that can prevent the growth of aneurysms and delay aneurysm rupture in the clinical setting. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop a nanotherapy that can target aneurysms and release drug molecules in response to the inflammatory microenvironment. METHODS Using a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanoparticle and a candidate drug rapamycin, in combination with a peptide ligand for integrin and biomimetic cloaking with macrophage cell membrane, a nanotherapy was developed. Its effectiveness was demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo studies. RESULTS Based on a facile and translational method, a rapamycin-loaded responsive nanotherapy was successfully prepared, which could release drug molecules upon triggering by the high level of ROS. In cells associated with the development of AAAs, the nanotherapy significantly inhibited calcification and attenuated ROS-mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis. By passively targeting aneurysms and releasing drug molecules in response to the inflammatory microenvironment, the intravenously injected ROS-responsive nanotherapy more effectively prevented aneurysm expansion in AAA rats than a nonresponsive control nanotherapy. After decoration with a peptide ligand cRGDfK and macrophage cell membrane, the aneurysmal targeting capability and therapeutic effects of a ROS-responsive nanotherapy with a mean diameter of 190 nm were further enhanced. Moreover, the nanotherapy showed a good safety profile in a preliminary safety test. CONCLUSIONS The multifunctional nanotherapy can be further studied as a promising targeted drug for treatment of aneurysms. The underlying design principles enable the development of a broad range of nanomedicines for targeted therapy of other vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Runjun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenwen Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yin Dou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuquan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Houyuan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Matrix Metalloproteinase in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Aortic Dissection. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12030118. [PMID: 31390798 PMCID: PMC6789891 DOI: 10.3390/ph12030118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) affects 4–5% of men over 65, and Aortic Dissection (AD) is a life-threatening aortic pathology associated with high morbidity and mortality. Initiators of AAA and AD include smoking and arterial hypertension, whilst key pathophysiological features of AAA and AD include chronic inflammation, hypoxia, and large modifications to the extra cellular matrix (ECM). As it stands, only surgical methods are available for preventing aortic rupture in patients, which often presents difficulties for recovery. No pharmacological treatment is available, as such researchers are attempting to understand the cellular and molecular pathophysiology of AAA and AD. Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs), particularly MMP-2 and MMP-9, has been identified as a key event occurring during aneurysmal growth. As such, several animal models of AAA and AD have been used to investigate the therapeutic potential of suppressing MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity as well as modulating the activity of other MMPs, and TIMPs involved in the pathology. Whilst several studies have offered promising results, targeted delivery of MMP inhibition still needs to be developed in order to avoid surgery in high risk patients.
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang X, Lane BA, Eberth JF, Lessner SM, Vyavahare NR. Gold nanoparticles that target degraded elastin improve imaging and rupture prediction in an AngII mediated mouse model of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Theranostics 2019; 9:4156-4167. [PMID: 31281538 PMCID: PMC6592177 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are characterized by a progressive disruption and weakening of the extracellular matrix (ECM) leading to dilation of the aorta which can be fatal if not treated. Current diagnostic imaging modalities provides little insight on the varying degree of ECM degeneration that precedes rupture in AAAs. Targeted delivery of contrast agents such as gold nanoparticles (GNPs) that bind to degraded matrix could prove useful when combined with computed tomography (CT) to provide a non-invasive surrogate marker of AAA rupture potential. Methods: AAAs were induced by chronic infusion of angiotensin II (AngII) into low density-lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLr -/-) mice in combination with a high-fat diet. Abdominal ultrasound was used to monitor disease progression and to assess the circumferential strain throughout the cardiac cycle. At six weeks, GNPs conjugated with an elastin antibody (EL-GNP) were injected retro-orbitally. Mice were euthanized 24 hours after EL-GNP injection, and aortas were explanted and scanned ex-vivo with a micro-CT system. Histological assessment and 3D models of the aneurysms with micro-CT were used to determine the EL-GNPs distribution. Isolated vessel burst pressure testing was performed on each aneurysmal aorta to quantify rupture strength and to assess rupture location. Results: Aneurysms were found along the suprarenal aorta in AngII infused mice. Darkfield microscopy indicated EL-GNPs accumulation around the site of degraded elastin while avoiding the healthy and intact elastin fibers. Using nonlinear regression, the micro-CT signal intensity of EL-GNPs along the suprarenal aortas correlated strongly with burst pressures (R2=0.9415) but not the dilation as assessed by ultrasound measurements. Conclusions: Using an established mouse model of AAA, we successfully demonstrated in vivo targeting of EL-GNPs to damaged aortic elastin and correlated micro-CT-based signal intensities with burst pressures. Thus, we show that this novel targeting technique can be used as a diagnostic tool to predict the degree of elastin damage and therefore rupture potential in AAAs better than the extent of dilation.
Collapse
|
25
|
Cocciolone AJ, Johnson E, Shao JY, Wagenseil JE. Elastic fiber fragmentation increases transmural hydraulic conductance and solute transport in mouse arteries. J Biomech Eng 2018; 141:2718211. [PMID: 30516242 DOI: 10.1115/1.4042173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Transmural advective transport of solute and fluid was investigated in mouse carotid arteries with either a genetic knockout of Fibulin-5 (Fbln5-/-) or treatment with elastase to determine the influence of a disrupted elastic fiber matrix on wall transport properties. Fibulin-5 is an important director of elastic fiber assembly. Arteries from Fbln5-/- mice have a loose, non-continuous elastic fiber network and were hypothesized to have reduced resistance to advective transport. Experiments were carried out ex vivo at physiological pressure and axial stretch. Hydraulic conductance (Lp ) was measured to be 4.99·10-6 ± 8.94·10-7, 3.18·-5 ± 1.13·10-5 (P < 0.01), and 3.57·10-5 ± 1.77·10-5 (P < 0.01) mm·s-1·mmHg-1 for wild-type, Fbln5-/-, and elastase-treated carotids, respectively. Solute fluxes of 4, 70, and 150 kDa FITC-dextran were statistically increased in Fbln5-/- compared to wild-type by a factor of 4, 22, and 3 respectively. 70 kDa FITC-dextran solute flux was similarly increased in elastase-treated carotids by a factor of 27. Solute uptake by Fbln5-/- carotids was decreased compared to wild-type for all investigated dextran sizes after 60 minutes of transmural transport. These changes in transport properties of elastic fiber compromised arteries have important implications for the kinetics of biomolecules and pharmaceuticals in arterial tissue following elastic fiber degradation due to aging or vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Johnson
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jin-Yu Shao
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, One Brookings Dr., CB 1185, St. Louis, MO 63130
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zimmermann WH. Engineered Nanoparticles Prevent Dilation of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 72:2606-2608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
27
|
Invited commentary. J Vasc Surg 2018; 68:871-872. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
28
|
Targeting ability of self-assembled nanomedicines in rat acute limb ischemia model is affected by size. J Control Release 2018; 286:394-401. [PMID: 30076876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is one of the most spreading diseases all over the world. The treatment strategies are limited to surgical or endovascular procedures for final stage chronic PAD or acute limb ischemia, and no pharmacological approaches have been achieved to prevent the worsening of chronic PAD or to regenerate the tissues of acute limb ischemia. Therefore, the improvement of therapeutic strategy is strongly demanded in clinics. Here, we adopted an acute hindlimb ischemia model in rats, which provides concomitant inflammatory response, to evaluate the application of drug delivery system against PAD. Through comparative experiments by using different-sized nanomedicine analogues, polyion complex (PIC) micelles with 30 nm diameter and PIC vesicles with 100- and 200-nm diameter (PICs-30, -100, -200 respectively), we found the size-dependent accumulation and retention in the collateral arteries. In contrast to PICs-30 and -200, histological analysis showed that PICs-100 were around the arterioles and co-localized with macrophages, which indicates that the PICs-100 can achieve moderate interaction with phagocytes. Our data suggests that controlling the size of nanomedicines has promise for developing novel angiogenic treatments toward the effective management of collateral arteries.
Collapse
|
29
|
Al-Lawati H, Aliabadi HM, Makhmalzadeh BS, Lavasanifar A. Nanomedicine for immunosuppressive therapy: achievements in pre-clinical and clinical research. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:397-418. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1420053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al-Lawati
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Afsaneh Lavasanifar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu R, Lo L, Lay AJ, Zhao Y, Ting KK, Robertson EN, Sherrah AG, Jarrah S, Li H, Zhou Z, Hambly BD, Richmond DR, Jeremy RW, Bannon PG, Vadas MA, Gamble JR. ARHGAP18 Protects Against Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Formation by Mitigating the Synthetic and Proinflammatory Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype. Circ Res 2017; 121:512-524. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a potentially lethal condition, which can affect individuals of all ages. TAA may be complicated by the sudden onset of life-threatening dissection or rupture. The underlying mechanisms leading to TAA formation, particularly in the nonsyndromal idiopathic group of patients, are not well understood. Thus, identification of new genes and targets that are involved in TAA pathogenesis are required to help prevent and reverse the disease phenotype.
Objective:
Here we explore the role of ARHGAP18, a novel Rho GAP expressed by smooth muscle cells (SMCs), in the pathogenesis of TAA.
Methods and Results:
Using human and mouse aortic samples, we report that ARHGAP18 levels were significantly reduced in the SMC layer of aortic aneurysms.
Arhgap18
global knockout (
Arhgap18
−/
−
) mice exhibited a highly synthetic, proteolytic, and proinflammatory smooth muscle phenotype under basal conditions and when challenged with angiotensin II, developed TAA with increased frequency and severity compared with littermate controls. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies revealed this phenotype is partly associated with strong enrichment of H3K4me3 and depletion of H3K27me3 at the
MMP2
and
TNF-α
promoters in
Arhgap18
-deficient SMC. We further show that TAA formation in the
Arhgap18
−/−
mice is associated with loss of Akt activation. The abnormal SMC phenotype observed in the
Arhgap18
−/−
mice can be partially rescued by pharmacological treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin, which reduces the synthetic and proinflammatory phenotype of
Arhgap18
-deficient SMC.
Conclusion:
We have identified
ARHGAP18
as a novel protective gene against TAA formation and define an additional target for the future development of treatments to limit TAA pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renjing Liu
- From the Agnes Ginges Laboratory for Diseases of the Aorta, Vascular Biology Program (R.L., L.L., H.L.) and Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program (A.J.L., Y.Z., K.K.T., S.J., Z.Z., M.A.V., J.R.G.), Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Center (E.N.R., B.D.H.) and Sydney Medical School (R.L., E.N.R., R.W.J., P.G.B., M.A.V., J.R.G.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Baird Institute
| | - Lisa Lo
- From the Agnes Ginges Laboratory for Diseases of the Aorta, Vascular Biology Program (R.L., L.L., H.L.) and Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program (A.J.L., Y.Z., K.K.T., S.J., Z.Z., M.A.V., J.R.G.), Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Center (E.N.R., B.D.H.) and Sydney Medical School (R.L., E.N.R., R.W.J., P.G.B., M.A.V., J.R.G.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Baird Institute
| | - Angelina J. Lay
- From the Agnes Ginges Laboratory for Diseases of the Aorta, Vascular Biology Program (R.L., L.L., H.L.) and Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program (A.J.L., Y.Z., K.K.T., S.J., Z.Z., M.A.V., J.R.G.), Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Center (E.N.R., B.D.H.) and Sydney Medical School (R.L., E.N.R., R.W.J., P.G.B., M.A.V., J.R.G.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Baird Institute
| | - Yang Zhao
- From the Agnes Ginges Laboratory for Diseases of the Aorta, Vascular Biology Program (R.L., L.L., H.L.) and Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program (A.J.L., Y.Z., K.K.T., S.J., Z.Z., M.A.V., J.R.G.), Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Center (E.N.R., B.D.H.) and Sydney Medical School (R.L., E.N.R., R.W.J., P.G.B., M.A.V., J.R.G.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Baird Institute
| | - Ka Ka Ting
- From the Agnes Ginges Laboratory for Diseases of the Aorta, Vascular Biology Program (R.L., L.L., H.L.) and Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program (A.J.L., Y.Z., K.K.T., S.J., Z.Z., M.A.V., J.R.G.), Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Center (E.N.R., B.D.H.) and Sydney Medical School (R.L., E.N.R., R.W.J., P.G.B., M.A.V., J.R.G.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Baird Institute
| | - Elizabeth N. Robertson
- From the Agnes Ginges Laboratory for Diseases of the Aorta, Vascular Biology Program (R.L., L.L., H.L.) and Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program (A.J.L., Y.Z., K.K.T., S.J., Z.Z., M.A.V., J.R.G.), Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Center (E.N.R., B.D.H.) and Sydney Medical School (R.L., E.N.R., R.W.J., P.G.B., M.A.V., J.R.G.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Baird Institute
| | - Andrew G. Sherrah
- From the Agnes Ginges Laboratory for Diseases of the Aorta, Vascular Biology Program (R.L., L.L., H.L.) and Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program (A.J.L., Y.Z., K.K.T., S.J., Z.Z., M.A.V., J.R.G.), Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Center (E.N.R., B.D.H.) and Sydney Medical School (R.L., E.N.R., R.W.J., P.G.B., M.A.V., J.R.G.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Baird Institute
| | - Sorour Jarrah
- From the Agnes Ginges Laboratory for Diseases of the Aorta, Vascular Biology Program (R.L., L.L., H.L.) and Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program (A.J.L., Y.Z., K.K.T., S.J., Z.Z., M.A.V., J.R.G.), Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Center (E.N.R., B.D.H.) and Sydney Medical School (R.L., E.N.R., R.W.J., P.G.B., M.A.V., J.R.G.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Baird Institute
| | - Haibo Li
- From the Agnes Ginges Laboratory for Diseases of the Aorta, Vascular Biology Program (R.L., L.L., H.L.) and Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program (A.J.L., Y.Z., K.K.T., S.J., Z.Z., M.A.V., J.R.G.), Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Center (E.N.R., B.D.H.) and Sydney Medical School (R.L., E.N.R., R.W.J., P.G.B., M.A.V., J.R.G.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Baird Institute
| | - Zhaoxiong Zhou
- From the Agnes Ginges Laboratory for Diseases of the Aorta, Vascular Biology Program (R.L., L.L., H.L.) and Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program (A.J.L., Y.Z., K.K.T., S.J., Z.Z., M.A.V., J.R.G.), Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Center (E.N.R., B.D.H.) and Sydney Medical School (R.L., E.N.R., R.W.J., P.G.B., M.A.V., J.R.G.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Baird Institute
| | - Brett D. Hambly
- From the Agnes Ginges Laboratory for Diseases of the Aorta, Vascular Biology Program (R.L., L.L., H.L.) and Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program (A.J.L., Y.Z., K.K.T., S.J., Z.Z., M.A.V., J.R.G.), Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Center (E.N.R., B.D.H.) and Sydney Medical School (R.L., E.N.R., R.W.J., P.G.B., M.A.V., J.R.G.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Baird Institute
| | - David R. Richmond
- From the Agnes Ginges Laboratory for Diseases of the Aorta, Vascular Biology Program (R.L., L.L., H.L.) and Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program (A.J.L., Y.Z., K.K.T., S.J., Z.Z., M.A.V., J.R.G.), Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Center (E.N.R., B.D.H.) and Sydney Medical School (R.L., E.N.R., R.W.J., P.G.B., M.A.V., J.R.G.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Baird Institute
| | - Richmond W. Jeremy
- From the Agnes Ginges Laboratory for Diseases of the Aorta, Vascular Biology Program (R.L., L.L., H.L.) and Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program (A.J.L., Y.Z., K.K.T., S.J., Z.Z., M.A.V., J.R.G.), Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Center (E.N.R., B.D.H.) and Sydney Medical School (R.L., E.N.R., R.W.J., P.G.B., M.A.V., J.R.G.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Baird Institute
| | - Paul G. Bannon
- From the Agnes Ginges Laboratory for Diseases of the Aorta, Vascular Biology Program (R.L., L.L., H.L.) and Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program (A.J.L., Y.Z., K.K.T., S.J., Z.Z., M.A.V., J.R.G.), Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Center (E.N.R., B.D.H.) and Sydney Medical School (R.L., E.N.R., R.W.J., P.G.B., M.A.V., J.R.G.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Baird Institute
| | - Mathew A. Vadas
- From the Agnes Ginges Laboratory for Diseases of the Aorta, Vascular Biology Program (R.L., L.L., H.L.) and Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program (A.J.L., Y.Z., K.K.T., S.J., Z.Z., M.A.V., J.R.G.), Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Center (E.N.R., B.D.H.) and Sydney Medical School (R.L., E.N.R., R.W.J., P.G.B., M.A.V., J.R.G.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Baird Institute
| | - Jennifer R. Gamble
- From the Agnes Ginges Laboratory for Diseases of the Aorta, Vascular Biology Program (R.L., L.L., H.L.) and Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program (A.J.L., Y.Z., K.K.T., S.J., Z.Z., M.A.V., J.R.G.), Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Center (E.N.R., B.D.H.) and Sydney Medical School (R.L., E.N.R., R.W.J., P.G.B., M.A.V., J.R.G.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Baird Institute
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Emeto TI, Alele FO, Smith AM, Smith FM, Dougan T, Golledge J. Use of Nanoparticles As Contrast Agents for the Functional and Molecular Imaging of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:16. [PMID: 28386544 PMCID: PMC5362602 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a degenerative disease of the aorta common in adults older than 65 years of age. AAA is usually imaged using ultrasound or computed tomography. Molecular imaging technologies employing nanoparticles (NPs) have been proposed as novel ways to quantify pathological processes, such as inflammation, within AAAs as a means to identify the risk of rapid progression or rupture. This article reviews the current evidence supporting the role of NP-based imaging in the management of AAA. Currently, ultrasmall superparamagnetic NPs enhanced magnetic resonance imaging appears to hold the greatest potential for imaging macrophage-mediated inflammation in human AAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theophilus I Emeto
- Public Health and Tropical Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Diseases, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Faith O Alele
- Public Health and Tropical Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University , Townsville, QLD , Australia
| | - Amy M Smith
- Public Health and Tropical Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University , Townsville, QLD , Australia
| | - Felicity M Smith
- Public Health and Tropical Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University , Townsville, QLD , Australia
| | - Tammy Dougan
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Addenbrookes Hospital , Cambridge , UK
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Diseases, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kevadiya BD, Bade AN, Woldstad C, Edagwa BJ, McMillan JM, Sajja BR, Boska MD, Gendelman HE. Development of europium doped core-shell silica cobalt ferrite functionalized nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Biomater 2017; 49:507-520. [PMID: 27916740 PMCID: PMC5501313 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The size, shape and chemical composition of europium (Eu3+) cobalt ferrite (CFEu) nanoparticles were optimized for use as a "multimodal imaging nanoprobe" for combined fluorescence and magnetic resonance bioimaging. Doping Eu3+ ions into a CF structure imparts unique bioimaging and magnetic properties to the nanostructure that can be used for real-time screening of targeted nanoformulations for tissue biodistribution assessment. The CFEu nanoparticles (size ∼7.2nm) were prepared by solvothermal techniques and encapsulated into poloxamer 407-coated mesoporous silica (Si-P407) to form superparamagnetic monodisperse Si-CFEu nanoparticles with a size of ∼140nm. Folic acid (FA) nanoparticle decoration (FA-Si-CFEu, size ∼140nm) facilitated monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) targeting. FA-Si-CFEu MDM uptake and retention was higher than seen with Si-CFEu nanoparticles. The transverse relaxivity of both Si-CFEu and FA-Si-CFEu particles were r2=433.42mM-1s-1 and r2=419.52mM-1s-1 (in saline) and r2=736.57mM-1s-1 and r2=814.41mM-1s-1 (in MDM), respectively. The results were greater than a log order-of-magnitude than what was observed at replicate iron concentrations for ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) particles (r2=31.15mM-1s-1 in saline) and paralleled data sets obtained for T2 magnetic resonance imaging. We now provide a developmental opportunity to employ these novel particles for theranostic drug distribution and efficacy evaluations. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE A novel europium (Eu3+) doped cobalt ferrite (Si-CFEu) nanoparticle was produced for use as a bioimaging probe. Its notable multifunctional, fluorescence and imaging properties, allows rapid screening of future drug biodistribution. Decoration of the Si-CFEu particles with folic acid increased its sensitivity and specificity for magnetic resonance imaging over a more conventional ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. The future use of these particles in theranostic tests will serve as a platform for designing improved drug delivery strategies to combat inflammatory and infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh D Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, United States
| | - Aditya N Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, United States
| | - Christopher Woldstad
- Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1045, United States
| | - Benson J Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, United States
| | - JoEllyn M McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, United States
| | - Balasrinivasa R Sajja
- Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1045, United States
| | - Michael D Boska
- Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1045, United States
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Song Z, Han Z, Lv S, Chen C, Chen L, Yin L, Cheng J. Synthetic polypeptides: from polymer design to supramolecular assembly and biomedical application. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:6570-6599. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00460e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent advances in the chemical design, supramolecular assembly, and biomedical application of synthetic polypeptides fromN-carboxyanhydrides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Zhiyuan Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Shixian Lv
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices
| | - Chongyi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Lichen Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Xiang T, Yang Z, Sun B, Luo H, Zhang S, Ren B, Chen X, Zhou X, Chen Z. Traditional Chinese medicine: Pivotal role of the spleen in the metabolism of aristolochic acid I in rats is dependent on oatp2a1. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3243-50. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|