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Subramanian S, Mitkus E, Souleimanov A, Smith DL. Lipo-chitooligosaccharide and thuricin 17 act as plant growth promoters and alleviate drought stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1184158. [PMID: 37601342 PMCID: PMC10436337 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1184158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipo-chito-oligosaccharide (LCO-from Bradyrhizobium japonicum) and thuricin 17 (Th17-from Bacillus thuringiensis) are bacterial signal compounds from the rhizosphere of soybean that have been shown to enhance plant growth in a range of legumes and non-legumes. In this study, an attempt to quantify phytohormones involved in the initial hours after exposure of Arabidopsis thaliana to these compounds was conducted using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. A petri-plate assay was conducted to screen for drought stress tolerance to PEG 8000 infusion and plant growth was studied 21-days post-stress. Arabidopsis thaliana plants grown in trays with drought stress imposed by water withhold were used for free proline determination, elemental analysis, and untargeted proteomics using LC-MS/MS studies. At 24 h post-exposure to the signal compounds under optimal growth conditions, Arabidopsis thaliana rosettes varied in their responses to the two signals. While LCO-treated rosettes showed a decrease in total IAA, cytokinins, gibberellins, and jasmonic acid, increases in ABA and SA was very clear. Th17-treated rosettes, on the other hand, showed an increase in IAA and SA. Both treatments resulted in decreased JA levels. Under severe drought stress imposed by PEG 8000 infusion, LCO and Th17 treatments were found to significantly increase fresh and dry weight over drought-stressed control plates, indicating that the presence of the signaling compounds decreased the negative effects experienced by the plants. Free proline content increased in LCO- and Th17-treated plants after water-withhold drought stress. Elemental analysis showed a significant increase in carbon percentage at the lower concentration of Th17. Untargeted proteomics revealed changes in the levels of drought-specific ribosomal proteins, glutathione S-transferase, late embryogenesis proteins, vegetative storage proteins 1 and 2, thaumatin-like proteins, and those related to chloroplast and carbon metabolism. The roles of some of these significantly affected proteins detected under drought stress are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Mitkus
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alfred Souleimanov
- Department of Plant Sciences, MacDonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Donald L. Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, MacDonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Msimbira LA, Naamala J, Subramanian S, Smith DL. Cell-Free Supernatant (CFS) from Bacillus subtilis EB2004S and Lactobacillus helveticus EL2006H Cultured at a Range of pH Levels Modulates Potato Plant Growth under Greenhouse Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076620. [PMID: 37047598 PMCID: PMC10095402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Agriculture involving industrial fertilizers is another major human made contributing factor to soil pH variation after natural factors such as soil parent rock, weathering time span, climate, and vegetation. The current study assessed the potential effect of cell-free supernatant (CFS) obtained from Bacillus subtilis EB2004S and Lactobacillus helveticus EL2006H cultured at three pH levels (5, 7, and 8) on potato (var Goldrush) growth enhancement in a greenhouse pot experiment. The results showed that CFSs obtained from B. subtilis EB2004S and L. helveticus EL2006H cultured at pH 5 significantly improved photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, root fresh weight, and whole plant fresh weight. interactive effects of pot pH and that of CFSs obtained from pH 5 influenced chlorophyll, plant height, and shoot and whole plant fresh weight. Moreover, treatment 52EB2004S~0.4% initiated early tuberization for potato grown at pH 7 and 8. Potato grown at pH 5, which received a 72EB2004S~0.4% CFS treatment, had greater whole plant fresh and dry weight than that treated with L. helveticus EL2006H CFS and a positive control. Taken together, the findings of this study are unique in that it probed the effect of CFS produced under differing pH conditions which revealed a new possibility to mitigate stresses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levini A. Msimbira
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Judith Naamala
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | | | - Donald L. Smith
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
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Liu Y, Yang H, Wen F, Bao L, Zhao Z, Zhong Z. Chitooligosaccharide-induced plant stress resistance. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 302:120344. [PMID: 36604042 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In nature, the production of plant stress resistance traits is often induced by extreme environmental conditions. Under extreme conditions, plants can be irreversibly damaged. Intervention with phytostimulants, however, can improve plant stress resistance without causing damage to the plants themselves, hence maintaining the production. For example, exogenous substances such as proteins and polysaccharides can be used effectively as phytostimulants. Chitooligosaccharide, a plant stimulant, can promote seed germination and plant growth and development, and improve plant photosynthesis. In this review, we summarize progress in the research of chitooligosaccharide-induced plant stress resistance. The mechanism and related experiments of chitooligosaccharide-induced resistance to pathogen, drought, low-temperature, saline-alkali, and other stresses are classified and discussed. In addition, we put forward the challenges confronted by chitooligosaccharide-induced plant stress resistance and the future research concept that requires multidisciplinary cooperation, which could provide data for the in-depth study of the effect of chitooligosaccharide on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Hehe Yang
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Fang Wen
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Liangliang Bao
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zhihong Zhao
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zhimei Zhong
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resource, Hohhot 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Security and Green Development at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China.
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Nazari M, Yaghoubian I, Smith DL. The stimulatory effect of Thuricin 17, a PGPR-produced bacteriocin, on canola ( Brassica, napus L.) germination and vegetative growth under stressful temperatures. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1079180. [PMID: 36618613 PMCID: PMC9816380 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1079180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to unfavorable conditions is becoming more frequent for plants due to climate change, posing a threat to global food security. Stressful temperature, as a major environmental factor, adversely affects plant growth and development, and consequently agricultural production. Hence, development of sustainable approaches to assist plants in dealing with environmental challenges is of great importance. Compatible plant-microbe interactions and signal molecules produced within these interactions, such as bacteriocins, could be promising approaches to managing the impacts of abiotic stresses on crops. Although the use of bacteriocins in food preservation is widespread, only a small number of studies have examined their potential in agriculture. Therefore, we studied the effect of three concentrations of Thuricin17 (Th17), a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial signal molecule produced by Bacillus thuringiensis, on germination and vegetative growth of canola (Brassica napus L.) under stressful temperatures. Canola responded positively to treatment with the bacterial signal molecule under stressful temperatures. Treatment with 10 -9 M Th17 (Thu2) was found to significantly enhance germination rate, seed vigor index, radical and shoot length and seedling fresh weight under low temperature, and this treatment reduced germination time which would be an asset for higher latitude, short growing season climates. Likewise, Thu2 was able to alleviate the adverse effects of high temperature on germination and seed vigor. Regarding vegetative growth, interestingly, moderate high temperature with the assistance of the compound caused more growth and development than the control conditions. Conversely, low temperature negatively affected plant growth, and Th17 did not help overcome this effect. Specifically, the application of 10 -9 (Thu2) and 10 -11 M (Thu3) Th17 had a stimulatory effect on height, leaf area and biomass accumulation under above-optimal conditions, which could be attributed to modifications of below-ground structures, including root length, root surface, root volume and root diameter, as well as photosynthetic rate. However, no significant effects were observed under optimal conditions for almost all measured variables. Therefore, the signal compound tends to have a stimulatory impact at stressful temperatures but not under optimal conditions. Hence, supplementation with Th17 would have the potential as a plant growth promoter under stressed circumstances.
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Shah A, Subramanian S, Smith DL. Flavonoids and Devosia sp SL43 cell-free supernatant increase early plant growth under salt stress and optimal growth conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1030985. [PMID: 36438103 PMCID: PMC9690568 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1030985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a major threat to modern agriculture, significantly affecting plant growth and yield, and causing substantial economic losses. At this crucial time of increasing climate change conditions, soil salinity will continue to develop and become an even more serious challenge to crop agriculture. Hence, there is a pressing need for sustainable techniques in agricultural production that could meet the dual challenges of crop productivity and environmental instability. The use of biostimulants in agricultural production has greatly influenced plant health and global food production. In particular, the application of bioactive materials produced by beneficial microbes is becoming a common practice in agriculture and provides numerous benefits to plant growth and resistance to stressful conditions. In this research two biostimulants; a type of plant secondary metabolite (flavonoids) and a microbe-based material (CFS: Cell-Free Supernatant) containing active compounds secreted by a novel bacterial strain isolated from Amphecarpaea bracteata root nodules (Devosia sp - SL43), have been utilized to improve the growth and stress resistance of two major oil seed crops; canola and soybean, under optimal and salt stress conditions. Our findings suggested significant improvements in crop growth of canola and soybean following the application of both biostimulants. Under optimal growth conditions, soybean growth was significantly affected by foliar spray of flavonoids with increases in shoot fresh and dry weight, and leaf area, by 91, 99.5, and 73%, respectively. However, soybean growth was unaffected by flavonoids under salt stress. In contrast, CFS with a meaningful capacity to mitigate the negative effects of salinity stress improved soybean shoot fresh biomass, dry biomass, and leaf area by 128, 163 and 194%, respectively, under salt stress conditions. Canola was less responsive to both biostimulants, except for canola root variables which were substantially improved by flavonoid spray. Since this was the first assessment of these materials as foliar sprays, we strongly encourage further experimentation to confirm the findings reported here and to determine the full range of applicability of each of these potential technologies.
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Rhizosphere microbes enhance plant salt tolerance: toward crop production in saline soil. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:6543-6551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Fan D, Smith DL. Mucilaginibacter sp. K Improves Growth and Induces Salt Tolerance in Nonhost Plants via Multilevel Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:938697. [PMID: 35832221 PMCID: PMC9271937 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.938697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity negatively modulates plant growth and development, contributing to severe decreases in the growth and production of crops. Mucilaginibacter sp. K is a root endophytic bacterium that was previously reported by our laboratory to stimulate growth and confer salt tolerance in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The main purpose of the present study is to elucidate the physiological and molecular machinery responsible for the prospective salt tolerance as imparted by Mucilaginibacter sp. K. We first report that auxin, gibberellin, and MPK6 signalings were required for strain K-induced growth promotion and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. Then, this strain was assessed as a remediation strategy to improve maize performance under salinity stress. Under normal growth conditions, the seed vigor index, nitrogen content, and plant growth were significantly improved in maize. After NaCl exposure, strain K significantly promoted the growth of maize seedlings, ameliorated decline in chlorophyll content and reduced accretion of MDA and ROS compared with the control. The possible mechanisms involved in salt resistance in maize could be the improved activities of SOD and POD (antioxidative system) and SPS (sucrose biosynthesis), upregulated content of total soluble sugar and ABA, and reduced Na+ accumulation. These physiological changes were then confirmed by induced gene expression for ion transportation, photosynthesis, ABA biosynthesis, and carbon metabolism. In summary, these results suggest that strain K promotes plant growth through increases in photosynthesis and auxin- and MPK6-dependent pathways; it also bestows salt resistance on plants through protection against oxidative toxicity, Na+ imbalance, and osmotic stress, along with the activation of auxin-, gibberellin-, and MPK6-dependent signaling pathways. This is the first detailed report of maize growth promotion by a Mucilaginibacter sp. strain from wild plant. This strain could be used as a favorable biofertilizer and a salinity stress alleviator for maize, with further ascertainment as to its reliability of performance under field conditions and in the presence of salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Fan
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, China
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Donald L. Smith
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Gupta A, Mishra R, Rai S, Bano A, Pathak N, Fujita M, Kumar M, Hasanuzzaman M. Mechanistic Insights of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Mediated Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance in Plants for Sustainable Agriculture. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3741. [PMID: 35409104 PMCID: PMC8998651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change has devastating effects on plant growth and yield. During ontogenesis, plants are subjected to a variety of abiotic stresses, including drought and salinity, affecting the crop loss (20-50%) and making them vulnerable in terms of survival. These stresses lead to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage nucleic acid, proteins, and lipids. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have remarkable capabilities in combating drought and salinity stress and improving plant growth, which enhances the crop productivity and contributes to food security. PGPB inoculation under abiotic stresses promotes plant growth through several modes of actions, such as the production of phytohormones, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase, exopolysaccharide, siderophore, hydrogen cyanide, extracellular polymeric substances, volatile organic compounds, modulate antioxidants defense machinery, and abscisic acid, thereby preventing oxidative stress. These bacteria also provide osmotic balance; maintain ion homeostasis; and induce drought and salt-responsive genes, metabolic reprogramming, provide transcriptional changes in ion transporter genes, etc. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the effects of PGPB on drought and salinity stress to mitigate its detrimental effects. Furthermore, we also discuss the mechanistic insights of PGPB towards drought and salinity stress tolerance for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Gupta
- IIRC-3, Plant–Microbe Interaction and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India; (A.G.); (S.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Richa Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya 224123, Uttar Pradesh, India; (R.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Smita Rai
- IIRC-3, Plant–Microbe Interaction and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India; (A.G.); (S.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Ambreen Bano
- IIRC-3, Plant–Microbe Interaction and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India; (A.G.); (S.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Neelam Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya 224123, Uttar Pradesh, India; (R.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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Naamala J, Msimbira LA, Antar M, Subramanian S, Smith DL. Cell-Free Supernatant Obtained From a Salt Tolerant Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain Enhances Germination and Radicle Length Under NaCl Stressed and Optimal Conditions. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.788939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed germination and early plant growth are key stages in plant development that are, susceptible to salinity stress. Plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) produce substances, in their growth media, that could enhance plant growth under more optimal conditions, and or mitigate abiotic stresses, such as salinity. This study was carried out to elucidate the ability of a NaCl tolerant Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain's cell-free supernatant to enhance germination and radicle length of corn and soybean, under optimal and NaCl stressed growth conditions. Three NaCl levels (0, 50, and 75 mM) and four cell-free supernatant concentrations (1.0, 0.2, 0.13, and 0.1% v/v) were used to formulate treatments that were used in the study. There were observed variations in the effect of treatments on mean radicle length and mean percentage germination of corn and soybean. Overall, the study showed that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA) EB2003 cell-free supernatant could enhance mean percentage germination and or mean radicle length of corn and soybean. At optimal conditions (0 mM NaCl), 0.2% BA, 0.13% BA, and 0.1% BA concentrations resulted in 36.4, 39.70, and 39.91%, increase in mean radicle length of soybean, respectively. No significant observations were observed in mean radicle length of corn, and mean percentage germination of both corn and soybean. At 50 mM NaCl, 1.0% BA resulted in 48.65% increase in mean percentage germination of soybean, at 24 h. There was no observed effect of the cell-free supernatant on mean radicle length and mean percentage germination, at 72 and 48 h, in soybean. In corn however, at 50 mM NaCl, treatment with 0.2% BA and 0.13% BA enhanced mean radicle length by 23.73 and 37.5%, respectively. The resulting radicle lengths (43.675 and 49.7125 cm) were not significantly different from that of the 0 mM control. There was no observed significant effect of the cell-free supernatant on mean germination percentage of corn, at 50 mM NaCl. At 75 mM NaCl, none of the treatments enhanced mean radicle length or mean percentage germination to levels significantly higher than the 75 mM NaCl. Treatment with 1.0% BA, however, enhanced mean percentage germination to a level not significantly different from that of the 0 mM control, at 72 h. Likewise, in corn, none of the treatments enhanced radicle length to lengths significantly higher than the 75 mM control, although treatment with 1.0% BA, 0.13% BA, and 0.1% BA elongated radicles to lengths not significantly different from the 0 mM NaCl control. Treatment with 0.2% BA, 0.13% BA, and 0.1% BA resulted in mean percentage germination significantly higher than the 75 mM NaCl by 25.3% (in all 3), not significantly different from that of the 0 mM NaCl. In conclusion, concentration of cell-free supernatant and NaCl level influence the effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain EB2003A cell-free supernatant on mean percentage germination and mean radicle length of corn and soybean.
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Gaona-Mendoza AS, Bravo Rivas MC, Barboza-Corona JE, Massange-Sánchez JA, Casados-Vázquez LE. Expression of thurincin H, ChiA74 and Cry proteins at the sporulation phase in Bacillus thuringiensis HD1. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:3049-3057. [PMID: 34967963 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study was to produce thurincin H, ChiA74 and Cry proteins together using B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD1 as a heterologous host. METHODS AND RESULTS pSTAB-ThurH and pSTAB-ChiA74 constructs were designed to produce thurincin H and chitinase respectively, at the sporulation phase. They were transformed into Bt HD1 generating the recombinant strains HD1/pSTAB-ThurH and HD1/pSTAB-ThurH/pSTAB-ChiA74. Antimicrobial and chitinolytic activity tests were performed with recombinant strains. Both strains were able to produce thurincin H up to 72 h with antibacterial activity of ~ 4000 U mg-1 . The HD1/pSTAB-ThurH/pSTAB-ChiA74 strain also showed chitinolytic activity of ~ 23 mU mg-1 at 72 h. All B. thuringiensis strains exhibited crystal formation at 72, and 96 h. In addition, the application of thurincin H in corn seeds increased the germination percentage and root length by 7 % and 10 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We showed that is possible to produce three proteins of biotechnological interest at the sporulation stage in B. thuringiensis, which two of them (thurincin H, and ChiA74) are naturally expressed in the vegetative stage. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These results form the basis for developing of a biocontrol and biostimulator product that can be used as an alternative for chemical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- America S Gaona-Mendoza
- Universidad de Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Life Science Division, Graduate Program in Biosciences.,Food Department, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico, 36500
| | - Martha C Bravo Rivas
- Universidad de Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Life Science Division, Graduate Program in Biosciences.,Food Department, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico, 36500
| | - José E Barboza-Corona
- Universidad de Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Life Science Division, Graduate Program in Biosciences.,Food Department, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico, 36500
| | - Julio A Massange-Sánchez
- Unidad de Biotecnología Vegetal, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología, Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, 44270, Mexico
| | - Luz E Casados-Vázquez
- Universidad de Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Life Science Division, Graduate Program in Biosciences.,Food Department, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico, 36500.,Cátedra Conacyt-Universidad de Guanajuato
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Naamala J, Smith DL. Microbial Derived Compounds Are a Promising Approach to Mitigating Salinity Stress in Agricultural Crops. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:765320. [PMID: 34867895 PMCID: PMC8640360 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.765320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of microbial derived compounds is a technological approach currently gaining popularity among researchers, with hopes of complementing, supplementing and addressing key issues associated with use of microbial cells for enhancing plant growth. The new technology is a promising approach to mitigating effects of salinity stress in agricultural crops, given that these compounds could be less prone to effects of salt stress, are required in small quantities and are easier to store and handle than microbial cells. Microorganism derived compounds such as thuricin17, lipochitooligosaccharides, phytohormones and volatile organic compounds have been reported to mitigate the effects of salt stress in agricultural crops such as soybean and wheat. This mini-review compiles current knowledge regarding the use of microbe derived compounds in mitigating salinity stress in crops, the mechanisms they employ as well as future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Naamala
- Smith Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Donald L Smith
- Smith Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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González-Pérez CJ, Aispuro-Hernández E, Vargas-Arispuro I, Hernández-Mendoza A, Ayala Zavala JF, Martínez-Téllez MA. Are Bacteriocins a Feasible Solution for Current Diverse Global Problems? Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:1330-1337. [PMID: 34629038 DOI: 10.2174/0929866528666211008154430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of effective technologies to cope with persistent and progressive global problems in the areas of human health and sustainable development has become an imperative worldwide challenge. The search for natural alternatives has led to the discovery of bacteriocins, which are potent protein antimicrobial compounds produced by most bacteria. The relevance of these molecules is evidenced by the more than 4,500 papers published in the last decade in Scopus index journals highlighting their versatility and potential to impact various aspects of daily life, including the food industry, medicine, and agriculture. Bacteriocins have demonstrated antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer activity, and they also act as microbiota regulators and plant growth promoters. This mini-review aims to provide insights into the current state and emerging roles of bacteriocins, as well as their potential and limitations as feasible solutions against current diverse global problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J González-Pérez
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas #46, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora. Mexico
| | - E Aispuro-Hernández
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas #46, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora. Mexico
| | | | | | - J F Ayala Zavala
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas #46, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora. Mexico
| | - M A Martínez-Téllez
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas #46, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora. Mexico
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Tailoring Next Generation Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms as Versatile Tools beyond Soil Desalinization: A Road Map towards Field Application. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13084422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) have been the target of intensive research studies toward their efficient use in the field as biofertilizers, biocontrol, and bioremediation agents among numerous other applications. Recent trends in the field of PGPB research led to the development of versatile multifaceted PGPB that can be used in different field conditions such as biocontrol of plant pathogens in metal contaminated soils. Unfortunately, all these research efforts lead to the development of PGPB that failed to perform in salty environments. Therefore, it is urgently needed to address this drawback of these PGPB toward their efficient performance in salinity context. In this paper we provide a review of state-of-the-art research in the field of PGPB and propose a road map for the development of next generation versatile and multifaceted PGPB that can perform in salinity. Beyond soil desalinization, our study paves the way towards the development of PGPB able to provide services in diverse salty environments such as heavy metal contaminated, or pathogen threatened. Smart development of salinity adapted next generation biofertilizers will inevitably allow for mitigation and alleviation of biotic and abiotic threats to plant productivity in salty environments.
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Subramanian S, Souleimanov A, Smith DL. Thuricin17 Production and Proteome Differences in Bacillus thuringiensis NEB17 Cell-Free Supernatant Under NaCl Stress. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.630628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis strain NEB17, produces a bacteriocin, thuricin17 (Th17) and is known to promote the growth more effectively under salt stress conditions. In this study, bacterial salt stress tolerance screening and the possible changes in its secretome under two levels of NaCl stress was evaluated. The salt tolerance screening suggested that the bacterium is able to grow and survive in up to 900 mM NaCl. Thuricin17 production at salt levels from 100 to 500 mM NaCl was quantified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Salt stress adversely affected the production of Th17 at levels as low as 100 mM NaCl; and the production stopped at 500 mM NaCl, despite the bacterium thriving at these salt levels. Hence, a comparative proteomic study was conducted on the supernatant of the bacterium after 42 h of growth, when Th17 production peaked in the control culture, as determined by Liquid Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Optimal (salt free) bacterial culture served as a control and 200 and 500 mM NaCl as stress conditions. As salt levels increased, the major enzyme classes, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, and ligases showed increased abundance as compared to the control, mostly related to molecular function mechanisms. Some of the notable up-regulated proteins in 500 mM NaCl stress conditions included an S-layer protein, chitin binding domain 3 protein, enterotoxins, phosphopentomutase, glucose 6-phosphate isomerase and bacterial translation initiation factor; while notable down-regulated proteins included hemolytic enterotoxin, phospholipase, sphingomyelinase C, cold shock DNA-binding protein family and alcohol dehydrogenase. These results indicate that, as the salt stress levels increase, the bacterium probably shuts down the production of Th17 and regulates its molecular functional mechanisms to overcome stress. This study indicates that end users have the option of using Th17 as a biostimulant or the live bacterial inoculum depending on the soil salt characteristics, for crop production. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to Mass Spectrometry Interactive Virtual Environment (MassIVE) with the dataset identifier PXD024069, and doi: 10.25345/C5RB8T.
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Naamala J, Smith DL. Microbial Derived Compounds, a Step Toward Enhancing Microbial Inoculants Technology for Sustainable Agriculture. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:634807. [PMID: 33679668 PMCID: PMC7930237 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.634807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable agriculture remains a focus for many researchers, in an effort to minimize environmental degradation and climate change. The use of plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPM) is a hopeful approach for enhancing plant growth and yield. However, the technology faces a number of challenges, especially inconsistencies in the field. The discovery, that microbial derived compounds can independently enhance plant growth, could be a step toward minimizing shortfalls related to PGPM technology. This has led many researchers to engage in research activities involving such compounds. So far, the findings are promising as compounds have been reported to enhance plant growth under stressed and non-stressed conditions in a wide range of plant species. This review compiles current knowledge on microbial derived compounds, taking a reader through a summarized protocol of their isolation and identification, their relevance in present agricultural trends, current use and limitations, with a view to giving the reader a picture of where the technology has come from, and an insight into where it could head, with some suggestions regarding the probable best ways forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Naamala
- Smith Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Donald L Smith
- Smith Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Quebec, QC, Canada
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Sharma S, Chandra D, Sharma AK. Rhizosphere Plant–Microbe Interactions Under Abiotic Stress. RHIZOSPHERE BIOLOGY: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MICROBES AND PLANTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6125-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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García-García AL, García-Machado FJ, Borges AA, Morales-Sierra S, Boto A, Jiménez-Arias D. Pure Organic Active Compounds Against Abiotic Stress: A Biostimulant Overview. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:575829. [PMID: 33424879 PMCID: PMC7785943 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.575829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Biostimulants (BSs) are probably one of the most promising alternatives nowadays to cope with yield losses caused by plant stress, which are intensified by climate change. Biostimulants comprise many different compounds with positive effects on plants, excluding pesticides and chemical fertilisers. Usually mixtures such as lixiviates from proteins or algal extracts have been used, but currently companies are interested in more specific compounds that are capable of increasing tolerance against abiotic stress. Individual application of a pure active compound offers researchers the opportunity to better standarise formulations, learn more about the plant defence process itself and assist the agrochemical industry in the development of new products. This review attempts to summarise the state of the art regarding various families of organic compounds and their mode/mechanism of action as BSs, and how they can help maximise agricultural yields under stress conditions aggravated by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. García-García
- Grupo de Agrobiotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Tierra, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain
- Grupo Síntesis de Fármacos y Compuestos Bioactivos, Departamento de Química de Productos Naturales y Sintéticos Bioactivos, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain
- Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Francisco J. García-Machado
- Grupo de Agrobiotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Tierra, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain
- Grupo Síntesis de Fármacos y Compuestos Bioactivos, Departamento de Química de Productos Naturales y Sintéticos Bioactivos, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain
- Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Andrés A. Borges
- Grupo de Agrobiotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Tierra, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Alicia Boto
- Grupo Síntesis de Fármacos y Compuestos Bioactivos, Departamento de Química de Productos Naturales y Sintéticos Bioactivos, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - David Jiménez-Arias
- Grupo de Agrobiotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Tierra, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Yan X, Guo J. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses of yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia) provide important insights into salt and saline-alkali stress tolerance. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244365. [PMID: 33351842 PMCID: PMC7755187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia) is an oil-rich woody plant cultivated for bio-energy production in China. Soil saline-alkalization is a prominent agricultural-related environmental problem limiting plant growth and productivity. In this study, we performed comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses to examine the mechanisms of X. sorbifolia seedling responding to salt and alkaline-salt stress. With the exception of chlorophyll content, physiological experiments revealed significant increases in all assessed indices in response to salt and saline-alkali treatments. Notably, compared with salt stress, we observed more pronounced changes in electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in response to saline-alkali stress, which may contribute to the greater toxicity of saline-alkali soils. In total, 3,087 and 2,715 genes were differentially expressed in response to salt and saline-alkali treatments, respectively, among which carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, starch and sucrose metabolism, and reactive oxygen species signaling networks were extensively enriched, and transcription factor families of bHLH, C2H2, bZIP, NAC, and ERF were transcriptionally activated. Moreover, relative to salt stress, saline-alkali stress activated more significant upregulation of genes related to H+ transport, indicating that regulation of intracellular pH may play an important role in coping with saline-alkali stress. These findings provide new insights for investigating the physiological changes and molecular mechanisms underlying the responses of X. sorbifolia to salt and saline-alkali stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Functional Oil Tree Cultivation and Research, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Functional Oil Tree Cultivation and Research, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Xingrong Yan
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Functional Oil Tree Cultivation and Research, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinping Guo
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Functional Oil Tree Cultivation and Research, Taigu, Shanxi, China
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Otlewska A, Migliore M, Dybka-Stępień K, Manfredini A, Struszczyk-Świta K, Napoli R, Białkowska A, Canfora L, Pinzari F. When Salt Meddles Between Plant, Soil, and Microorganisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:553087. [PMID: 33042180 PMCID: PMC7525065 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.553087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In extreme environments, the relationships between species are often exclusive and based on complex mechanisms. This review aims to give an overview of the microbial ecology of saline soils, but in particular of what is known about the interaction between plants and their soil microbiome, and the mechanisms linked to higher resistance of some plants to harsh saline soil conditions. Agricultural soils affected by salinity is a matter of concern in many countries. Soil salinization is caused by readily soluble salts containing anions like chloride, sulphate and nitrate, as well as sodium and potassium cations. Salinity harms plants because it affects their photosynthesis, respiration, distribution of assimilates and causes wilting, drying, and death of entire organs. Despite these life-unfavorable conditions, saline soils are unique ecological niches inhabited by extremophilic microorganisms that have specific adaptation strategies. Important traits related to the resistance to salinity are also associated with the rhizosphere-microbiota and the endophytic compartments of plants. For some years now, there have been studies dedicated to the isolation and characterization of species of plants' endophytes living in extreme environments. The metabolic and biotechnological potential of some of these microorganisms is promising. However, the selection of microorganisms capable of living in association with host plants and promoting their survival under stressful conditions is only just beginning. Understanding the mechanisms of these processes and the specificity of such interactions will allow us to focus our efforts on species that can potentially be used as beneficial bioinoculants for crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Otlewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Melania Migliore
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Dybka-Stępień
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrea Manfredini
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Struszczyk-Świta
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rosario Napoli
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Aneta Białkowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Loredana Canfora
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Pinzari
- Institute for Biological Systems, Council of National Research of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
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Bhat MA, Kumar V, Bhat MA, Wani IA, Dar FL, Farooq I, Bhatti F, Koser R, Rahman S, Jan AT. Mechanistic Insights of the Interaction of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) With Plant Roots Toward Enhancing Plant Productivity by Alleviating Salinity Stress. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1952. [PMID: 32973708 PMCID: PMC7468593 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture plays an important role in a country's economy. The sector is challenged by many stresses, which led to huge loss in plant productivity worldwide. The ever-increasing population, rapid urbanization with shrinking agricultural lands, dramatic change in climatic conditions, and extensive use of agrochemicals in agricultural practices that caused environmental disturbances confront mankind of escalating problems of food security and sustainability in agriculture. Escalating environmental problems and global hunger have led to the development and adoption of genetic engineering and other conventional plant breeding approaches in developing stress-tolerant varieties of crops. However, these approaches have drawn flaws in their adoption as the process of generating tolerant varieties takes months to years in bringing the technology from the lab to the field. Under such scenario, sustainable and climate-smart agricultural practices that avail bacterial usage open the avenues in fulfilling the incessant demand for food for the global population. Ensuring stability on economic fronts, bacteria minimizes plant salt uptake by trapping ions in their exopolysaccharide matrix besides checking the expression of Na+/H+ and high-affinity potassium transporters. Herein we describe information on salinity stress and its effect on plant health as well as strategies adopted by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in helping plants to overcome salinity stress and in mitigating loss in overall plant productivity. It is believed that acquisition of advanced knowledge of plant-beneficial PGPR will help in devising strategies for sustainable, environment-friendly, and climate-smart agricultural technologies for adoption in agriculture to overcome the constrained environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujtaba Aamir Bhat
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Mudasir Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Ishfaq Ahmad Wani
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Farhana Latief Dar
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Iqra Farooq
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Farha Bhatti
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Rubina Koser
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Munshi Singh College, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, India
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
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Relevance of Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms and Their Derived Compounds, in the Face of Climate Change. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10081179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Climate change has already affected food security in many parts of the world, and this situation will worsen if nothing is done to combat it. Unfortunately, agriculture is a meaningful driver of climate change, through greenhouse gas emissions from nitrogen-based fertilizer, methane from animals and animal manure, as well as deforestation to obtain more land for agriculture. Therefore, the global agricultural sector should minimize greenhouse gas emissions in order to slow climate change. The objective of this review is to point out the various ways plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPM) can be used to enhance crop production amidst climate change challenges, and effects of climate change on more conventional challenges, such as: weeds, pests, pathogens, salinity, drought, etc. Current knowledge regarding microbial inoculant technology is discussed. Pros and cons of single inoculants, microbial consortia and microbial compounds are discussed. A range of microbes and microbe derived compounds that have been reported to enhance plant growth amidst a range of biotic and abiotic stresses, and microbe-based products that are already on the market as agroinputs, are a focus. This review will provide the reader with a clearer understanding of current trends in microbial inoculants and how they can be used to enhance crop production amidst climate change challenges.
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Nazari M, Smith DL. A PGPR-Produced Bacteriocin for Sustainable Agriculture: A Review of Thuricin 17 Characteristics and Applications. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:916. [PMID: 32733506 PMCID: PMC7358586 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of prokaryotes produce and excrete bacteriocins (proteins with antimicrobial activity) to reduce competition from closely related strains. Application of bacteriocins is of great importance in food industries, while little research has been focused on the agricultural potential of bacteriocins. A number of bacteriocin producing bacteria are members of the phytomicrobiome, and some strains are plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Thuricin 17 is a single small peptide with a molecular weight of 3.162 kDa, a subclass IId bacteriocin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis NEB17, isolated from soybean nodules. It is either cidal or static to a wide range of prokaryotes. In this way, it removes key competition from the niche space of the producer organism. B. thuringiensis NEB17 was isolated from soybean root nodules, and thus is a member of the phytomicrobiome. Interestingly, thuricin 17 is not active against a wide range of rhizobial strains involved in symbiotic nitrogen fixation with legumes or against other PGPR. In addition, it stimulates plant growth, particularly in the presence of abiotic stresses. The stresses it assists with include key ones associated with climate change (drought, high temperature, and soil salinity). Hence, in the presence of stress, it increases the size of the overall niche space, within plant roots, for B. thuringiensis NEB17. Through its anti-microbial activity, it could also enhance plant growth via control of specific plant pathogens. None of the isolated bacteriocins have been examined as broadly as thuricin 17 on plant growth promotion. Thus, this review focuses on the effect of thuricin 17 as a microbe to plant signal that assists crop plants in managing stress and making agricultural systems more climate change resilient.
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Lyu D, Backer R, Subramanian S, Smith DL. Phytomicrobiome Coordination Signals Hold Potential for Climate Change-Resilient Agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:634. [PMID: 32523595 PMCID: PMC7261841 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A plant growing under natural conditions is always associated with a substantial, diverse, and well-orchestrated community of microbes-the phytomicrobiome. The phytomicrobiome genome is larger and more fluid than that of the plant. The microbes of the phytomicrobiome assist the plant in nutrient uptake, pathogen control, stress management, and overall growth and development. At least some of this is facilitated by the production of signal compounds, both plant-to-microbe and microbe back to the plant. This is best characterized in the legume nitrogen fixing and mycorrhizal symbioses. More recently lipo-chitooligosaccharide (LCO) and thuricin 17, two microbe-to-plant signals, have been shown to regulate stress responses in a wide range of plant species. While thuricin 17 production is constitutive, LCO signals are only produced in response to a signal from the plant. We discuss how some signal compounds will only be discovered when root-associated microbes are exposed to appropriate plant-to-microbe signals (positive regulation), and this might only happen under specific conditions, such as abiotic stress, while others may only be produced in the absence of a particular plant-to-microbe signal molecule (negative regulation). Some phytomicrobiome members only elicit effects in a specific crop species (specialists), while other phytomicrobiome members elicit effects in a wide range of crop species (generalists). We propose that some specialists could exhibit generalist activity when exposed to signals from the correct plant species. The use of microbe-to-plant signals can enhance crop stress tolerance and could result in more climate change resilient agricultural systems.
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Regulatory Role of Rhizobacteria to Induce Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance in Plants. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND BIODIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30926-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Backer R, Rokem JS, Ilangumaran G, Lamont J, Praslickova D, Ricci E, Subramanian S, Smith DL. Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria: Context, Mechanisms of Action, and Roadmap to Commercialization of Biostimulants for Sustainable Agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1473. [PMID: 30405652 PMCID: PMC6206271 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 563] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Microbes of the phytomicrobiome are associated with every plant tissue and, in combination with the plant form the holobiont. Plants regulate the composition and activity of their associated bacterial community carefully. These microbes provide a wide range of services and benefits to the plant; in return, the plant provides the microbial community with reduced carbon and other metabolites. Soils are generally a moist environment, rich in reduced carbon which supports extensive soil microbial communities. The rhizomicrobiome is of great importance to agriculture owing to the rich diversity of root exudates and plant cell debris that attract diverse and unique patterns of microbial colonization. Microbes of the rhizomicrobiome play key roles in nutrient acquisition and assimilation, improved soil texture, secreting, and modulating extracellular molecules such as hormones, secondary metabolites, antibiotics, and various signal compounds, all leading to enhancement of plant growth. The microbes and compounds they secrete constitute valuable biostimulants and play pivotal roles in modulating plant stress responses. Research has demonstrated that inoculating plants with plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) or treating plants with microbe-to-plant signal compounds can be an effective strategy to stimulate crop growth. Furthermore, these strategies can improve crop tolerance for the abiotic stresses (e.g., drought, heat, and salinity) likely to become more frequent as climate change conditions continue to develop. This discovery has resulted in multifunctional PGPR-based formulations for commercial agriculture, to minimize the use of synthetic fertilizers and agrochemicals. This review is an update about the role of PGPR in agriculture, from their collection to commercialization as low-cost commercial agricultural inputs. First, we introduce the concept and role of the phytomicrobiome and the agricultural context underlying food security in the 21st century. Next, mechanisms of plant growth promotion by PGPR are discussed, including signal exchange between plant roots and PGPR and how these relationships modulate plant abiotic stress responses via induced systemic resistance. On the application side, strategies are discussed to improve rhizosphere colonization by PGPR inoculants. The final sections of the paper describe the applications of PGPR in 21st century agriculture and the roadmap to commercialization of a PGPR-based technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Backer
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J. Stefan Rokem
- School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - John Lamont
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dana Praslickova
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emily Ricci
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Donald L. Smith
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Ilangumaran G, Smith DL. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Amelioration of Salinity Stress: A Systems Biology Perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1768. [PMID: 29109733 PMCID: PMC5660262 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Salinity affects plant growth and is a major abiotic stress that limits crop productivity. It is well-understood that environmental adaptations and genetic traits regulate salinity tolerance in plants, but imparting the knowledge gained towards crop improvement remain arduous. Harnessing the potential of beneficial microorganisms present in the rhizosphere is an alternative strategy for improving plant stress tolerance. This review intends to elucidate the understanding of salinity tolerance mechanisms attributed by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Recent advances in molecular studies have yielded insights into the signaling networks of plant-microbe interactions that contribute to salt tolerance. The beneficial effects of PGPR involve boosting key physiological processes, including water and nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, and source-sink relationships that promote growth and development. The regulation of osmotic balance and ion homeostasis by PGPR are conducted through modulation of phytohormone status, gene expression, protein function, and metabolite synthesis in plants. As a result, improved antioxidant activity, osmolyte accumulation, proton transport machinery, salt compartmentalization, and nutrient status reduce osmotic stress and ion toxicity. Furthermore, in addition to indole-3-acetic acid and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase biosynthesis, other extracellular secretions of the rhizobacteria function as signaling molecules and elicit stress responsive pathways. Application of PGPR inoculants is a promising measure to combat salinity in agricultural fields, thereby increasing global food production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donald L. Smith
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
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Smith DL, Gravel V, Yergeau E. Editorial: Signaling in the Phytomicrobiome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:611. [PMID: 28484479 PMCID: PMC5401874 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Donald L. Smith
- Plant Science Department, McGill UniversitySte. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Donald L. Smith
| | - Valérie Gravel
- Plant Science Department, McGill UniversitySte. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Etienne Yergeau
- Centre INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du QuébecLaval, QC, Canada
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Gautam K, Schwinghamer TD, Smith DL. The response of soybean to nod factors and a bacteriocin. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1241934. [PMID: 27700227 PMCID: PMC5117092 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1241934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbe-to-plant signals can enhance the growth of a wide range of crops. The responses by soybean (Glycine max var. 91M01) to 2 signal molecules were investigated: Bradyrhizobium japonicum 532C lipo-chitooligosaccharide (Nod Bj V [C:18, MeFuc]) (LCO); and Bacillus thuringiensis strain NEB17 bacteriocin thuricin 17 (Th17). The objective was to assess and quantify the response by soybean, in terms of factors that contribute to yield, to the experimental signal molecules in germination experiments and field experiments. Soybean germination was stimulated by the experimental concentrations of Th17 under controlled 15°C and 22°C conditions, and 10-6 M LCO under 15°C. There were negative relationships between Th17 concentration and both the number of trifoliate leaves and the dry weight of nodules: lower concentrations resulted in plants with more leaves and nodules while higher concentrations resulted in plants with fewer leaves and nodules. The 10-8 M LCO treatment had a significant effect on the dry weight of nodules at the flowering stage of plant development (F4,21 = 6.06, p = 0.0019). Considering the harvest stage data from both field trials of 2011, the lower experimental concentrations of Th17 resulted in taller plants. The study of Th17 has the potential to expand our understanding of this relatively recent and unexpected finding; and to understand how best to apply this finding, to allow increased production of soybean. Collectively, these results indicate that Th17 has potential in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaberi Gautam
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | | | - Donald L. Smith
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
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