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Seitz A, Busch M, Kroemer J, Schneider A, Simon S, Jungmann A, Katus HA, Most P, Ritterhoff J. S100A1's single cysteine is an indispensable redox switch for the protection against diastolic calcium waves in cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H000. [PMID: 38819384 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00634.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The EF-hand calcium (Ca2+) sensor protein S100A1 combines inotropic with antiarrhythmic potency in cardiomyocytes (CMs). Oxidative posttranslational modification (ox-PTM) of S100A1's conserved, single-cysteine residue (C85) via reactive nitrogen species (i.e., S-nitrosylation or S-glutathionylation) has been proposed to modulate conformational flexibility of intrinsically disordered sequence fragments and to increase the molecule's affinity toward Ca2+. Considering the unknown biological functional consequence, we aimed to determine the impact of the C85 moiety of S100A1 as a potential redox switch. We first uncovered that S100A1 is endogenously glutathionylated in the adult heart in vivo. To prevent glutathionylation of S100A1, we generated S100A1 variants that were unresponsive to ox-PTMs. Overexpression of wild-type (WT) and C85-deficient S100A1 protein variants in isolated CM demonstrated equal inotropic potency, as shown by equally augmented Ca2+ transient amplitudes under basal conditions and β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) stimulation. However, in contrast, ox-PTM defective S100A1 variants failed to protect against arrhythmogenic diastolic sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ waves and ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) hypernitrosylation during βAR stimulation. Despite diastolic performance failure, C85-deficient S100A1 protein variants exerted similar Ca2+-dependent interaction with the RyR2 than WT-S100A1. Dissecting S100A1's molecular structure-function relationship, our data indicate for the first time that the conserved C85 residue potentially acts as a redox switch that is indispensable for S100A1's antiarrhythmic but not its inotropic potency in CMs. We, therefore, propose a model where C85's ox-PTM determines S100A1's ability to beneficially control diastolic but not systolic RyR2 activity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY S100A1 is an emerging candidate for future gene-therapy treatment of human chronic heart failure. We aimed to study the significance of the conserved single-cysteine 85 (C85) residue in cardiomyocytes. We show that S100A1 is endogenously glutathionylated in the heart and demonstrate that this is dispensable to increase systolic Ca2+ transients, but indispensable for mediating S100A1's protection against sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ waves, which was dependent on the ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) nitrosylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Seitz
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Busch
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Kroemer
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schneider
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Simon
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Jungmann
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Most
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
- Informatics for Life consortium, Klaus Tschira Foundation, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Julia Ritterhoff
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
- Informatics for Life consortium, Klaus Tschira Foundation, Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Shi X, O'Connor M, Qiu H. Valosin-containing protein acts as a target and mediator of S-nitrosylation in the heart through distinct mechanisms. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103166. [PMID: 38685170 PMCID: PMC11061752 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosylation (SNO) is an emerging paradigm of redox signaling protecting cells against oxidative stress in the heart. Our previous studies demonstrated that valosin-containing protein (VCP), an ATPase-associated protein, is a vital mediator protecting the heart against cardiac stress and ischemic injury. However, the molecular regulations conferred by VCP in the heart are not fully understood. In this study, we explored the potential role of VCP in cardiac protein SNO using multiple cardiac-specific genetically modified mouse models and various analytical techniques including biotin switch assay, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and western blotting. Our results showed that cardiac-specific overexpression of VCP led to an overall increase in the levels of SNO-modified cardiac proteins in the transgenic (TG) vs. wild-type (WT) mice. Mass spectrometry analysis identified mitochondrial proteins involved in respiration, metabolism, and detoxification as primary targets of SNO modification in VCP-overexpressing mouse hearts. Particularly, we found that VCP itself underwent SNO modification at a specific cysteine residue in its N-domain. Additionally, our study demonstrated that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a key enzyme in glycolysis, also experienced increased SNO in response to VCP overexpression. While deletion of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in VCP TG mice did not affect VCP SNO, it did abolish SNO modification in mitochondrial complex proteins, suggesting a dual mechanism of regulation involving both iNOS-dependent and independent pathways. Overall, our findings shed light on post-translational modification of VCP in the heart, unveiling a previously unrecognized role for VCP in regulating cardiac protein SNO and offering new insights into its function in cardiac protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Shi
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Molly O'Connor
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA; Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
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3
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Ragone MI, Bayley M, López S, Díaz RG, Consolini AE. Nebivolol in oral subacute treatment prevents cardiac post-ischemic dysfunction in rats, but hyperthyroidism reduces this protection: mechanisms involved. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3093-3109. [PMID: 37878045 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Nebivolol could prevent dysfunction in patients suffering myocardial ischemia. However, influence of hyperthyroidism is not known. Consequences and mechanisms of nebivolol treatment were investigated in isolated hearts from euthyroid (EuT) and hyperthyroid (HpT) rats. Rats were orally treated during 1 week with 20 mg/kg/day nebivolol (O-Neb), 30 mg/kg/day atenolol (O-Ate), or not treated (C). Isolated perfused hearts were exposed to global ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) inside a flow calorimeter. Left diastolic ventricular pressure, developed contractile pressure (P), and total heat rate (Ht) were continuously measured, while infarct size was measured after 2-h R. EuT-C and HpT-C hearts developed similarly low post-ischemic contractile recovery and economy (P/Ht). Nebivolol totally prevented dysfunction and reduced infarction size in EuT hearts, but partially improved recovery in HpT rat hearts. Contrarily, oral atenolol totally prevented dysfunction in HpT hearts but partially in EuT hearts. Nebivolol effects were reversed by perfusing L-NAME in both conditions, but partially reduced by aminoguanidine in HpT. However, L-NAME increased P and P/Ht recoveries in EuT-C and HpT-C rat hearts, as well as melatonin. Oral nebivolol prevented post-ischemic dysfunction and infarction in EuT hearts due to adrenergic β1 blockade and activation of iNOS and/or eNOS, but the effect was attenuated in HpT hearts by excessive iNOS-dependent nitrosative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Inés Ragone
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Grupo de Farmacología Experimental y Energética Cardíaca (GFEYEC), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115 (1900) La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Matías Bayley
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Grupo de Farmacología Experimental y Energética Cardíaca (GFEYEC), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115 (1900) La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sofía López
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Grupo de Farmacología Experimental y Energética Cardíaca (GFEYEC), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115 (1900) La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Romina G Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CIC-UNLP-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alicia E Consolini
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Grupo de Farmacología Experimental y Energética Cardíaca (GFEYEC), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115 (1900) La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
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Semmler L, Jeising T, Huettemeister J, Bathe-Peters M, Georgoula K, Roshanbin R, Sander P, Fu S, Bode D, Hohendanner F, Pieske B, Annibale P, Schiattarella GG, Oeing CU, Heinzel FR. Impairment of the adrenergic reserve associated with exercise intolerance in a murine model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14124. [PMID: 38436094 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
AIM Exercise intolerance is the central symptom in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. In the present study, we investigated the adrenergic reserve both in vivo and in cardiomyocytes of a murine cardiometabolic HFpEF model. METHODS 12-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed regular chow (control) or a high-fat diet and L-NAME (HFpEF) for 15 weeks. At 27 weeks, we performed (stress) echocardiography and exercise testing and measured the adrenergic reserve and its modulation by nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in left ventricular cardiomyocytes. RESULTS HFpEF mice (preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, increased E/e', pulmonary congestion [wet lung weight/TL]) exhibited reduced exercise capacity and a reduction of stroke volume and cardiac output with adrenergic stress. In ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from HFpEF mice, sarcomere shortening had a higher amplitude and faster relaxation compared to control animals. Increased shortening was caused by a shift of myofilament calcium sensitivity. With addition of isoproterenol, there were no differences in sarcomere function between HFpEF and control mice. This resulted in a reduced inotropic and lusitropic reserve in HFpEF cardiomyocytes. Preincubation with inhibitors of nitric oxide synthases or glutathione partially restored the adrenergic reserve in cardiomyocytes in HFpEF. CONCLUSION In this murine HFpEF model, the cardiac output reserve on adrenergic stimulation is impaired. In ventricular cardiomyocytes, we found a congruent loss of the adrenergic inotropic and lusitropic reserve. This was caused by increased contractility and faster relaxation at rest, partially mediated by nitro-oxidative signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Semmler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité (DHZC) - Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Jeising
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité (DHZC) - Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Huettemeister
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité (DHZC) - Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Bathe-Peters
- Receptor Signalling Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Konstantina Georgoula
- Receptor Signalling Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Rashin Roshanbin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité (DHZC) - Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paulina Sander
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité (DHZC) - Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shu Fu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité (DHZC) - Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Bode
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité (DHZC) - Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Hohendanner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité (DHZC) - Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Paolo Annibale
- Receptor Signalling Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité (DHZC) - Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian U Oeing
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité (DHZC) - Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank R Heinzel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité (DHZC) - Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- 2. Medizinische Klinik - Kardiologie, Angiologie, Intensivmedizin, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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5
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Odnoshivkina JG, Averin AS, Khakimov IR, Trusov NA, Trusova DA, Petrov AM. The mechanism of 25-hydroxycholesterol-mediated suppression of atrial β1-adrenergic responses. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:407-421. [PMID: 38253680 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
25-Hydroxycholesterol (25HC) is a biologically active oxysterol, whose production greatly increases during inflammation by macrophages and dendritic cells. The inflammatory reactions are frequently accompanied by changes in heart regulation, such as blunting of the cardiac β-adrenergic receptor (AR) signaling. Here, the mechanism of 25HC-dependent modulation of responses to β-AR activation was studied in the atria of mice. 25HC at the submicromolar levels decreased the β-AR-mediated positive inotropic effect and enhancement of the Ca2+ transient amplitude, without changing NO production. Positive inotropic responses to β1-AR (but not β2-AR) activation were markedly attenuated by 25HC. The depressant action of 25HC on the β1-AR-mediated responses was prevented by selective β3-AR antagonists as well as inhibitors of Gi protein, Gβγ, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2/3, or β-arrestin. Simultaneously, blockers of protein kinase D and C as well as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor did not preclude the negative action of 25HC on the inotropic response to β-AR activation. Thus, 25HC can suppress the β1-AR-dependent effects via engaging β3-AR, Gi protein, Gβγ, G protein-coupled receptor kinase, and β-arrestin. This 25HC-dependent mechanism can contribute to the inflammatory-related alterations in the atrial β-adrenergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia G Odnoshivkina
- Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St, Kazan, RT, Russia, 420012
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, RT, Russia, 420111
| | - Alexey S Averin
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center of Biological Research", Pushchino Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Ildar R Khakimov
- Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St, Kazan, RT, Russia, 420012
| | - Nazar A Trusov
- Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St, Kazan, RT, Russia, 420012
| | - Diliara A Trusova
- Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St, Kazan, RT, Russia, 420012
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St, Kazan, RT, Russia, 420012.
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, RT, Russia, 420111.
- Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan, Russia, 420008.
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Lillo MA, Muñoz M, Rhana P, Gaul-Muller K, Quan J, Shirokova N, Xie LH, Santana LF, Fraidenraich D, Contreras JE. Remodeled connexin 43 hemichannels alter cardiac excitability and promote arrhythmias. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202213150. [PMID: 37191672 PMCID: PMC10192603 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexin-43 (Cx43) is the most abundant protein forming gap junction channels (GJCs) in cardiac ventricles. In multiple cardiac pathologies, including hypertrophy and heart failure, Cx43 is found remodeled at the lateral side of the intercalated discs of ventricular cardiomyocytes. Remodeling of Cx43 has been long linked to spontaneous ventricular arrhythmia, yet the mechanisms by which arrhythmias develop are still debated. Using a model of dystrophic cardiomyopathy, we previously showed that remodeled Cx43 function as aberrant hemichannels (non-forming GJCs) that alter cardiomyocyte excitability and, consequently, promote arrhythmias. Here, we aim to evaluate if opening of remodeled Cx43 can serve as a general mechanism to alter cardiac excitability independent of cellular dysfunction associated with a particular cardiomyopathy. To address this issue, we used a genetically modified Cx43 knock-in mouse (S3A) that promotes cardiac remodeling of Cx43 protein without apparent cardiac dysfunction. Importantly, when S3A mice were subjected to cardiac stress using the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (Iso), they displayed acute and severe arrhythmias, which were not observed in WT mice. Pretreatment of S3A mice with the Cx43 hemichannel blocker, Gap19, prevented Iso-induced abnormal electrocardiographic behavior. At the cellular level, when compared with WT, Iso-treated S3A cardiomyocytes showed increased membrane permeability, greater plasma membrane depolarization, and Ca2+ overload, which likely caused prolonged action potentials, delayed after depolarizations, and triggered activity. All these cellular dysfunctions were also prevented by Cx43 hemichannel blockers. Our results support the notion that opening of remodeled Cx43 hemichannels, regardless of the type of cardiomyopathy, is sufficient to mediate cardiac-stress-induced arrhythmogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio A. Lillo
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Manuel Muñoz
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis. Davis, CA, USA
| | - Paula Rhana
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis. Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kelli Gaul-Muller
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jonathan Quan
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis. Davis, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Shirokova
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Luis Fernando Santana
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis. Davis, CA, USA
| | - Diego Fraidenraich
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jorge E. Contreras
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis. Davis, CA, USA
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Novoa U, Soto K, Valdés C, Villaseñor J, Treuer AV, González DR. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4) Supplementation Prevents the Cardiorenal Effects of Diabetes in Mice by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Fibrosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102479. [PMID: 36289741 PMCID: PMC9599239 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effects of diabetes on the cardiovascular system as well as in the kidney are profound, which include hypertrophy and fibrosis. Diabetes also induces oxidative stress, at least in part due to the uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase (NOS); this is a shift in NO production toward superoxide production due to reduced levels of the NOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). With this in mind, we tested the hypothesis that BH4 supplementation may prevent the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and nephropathy. Methods: Diabetes was induced in Balb/c mice with streptozotocin. Then, diabetic mice were divided into two groups: one group provided with BH4 (sapropterin) in drinking water (daily doses of 15 mg/kg/day, during eight weeks) and the other that received only water. A third group of normoglycemic mice that received only water were used as the control. Results: Cardiac levels of BH4 were increased in mice treated with BH4 (p = 0.0019). Diabetes induced cardiac hypertrophy, which was prevented in the group that received BH4 (p < 0.05). In addition, hypertrophy was evaluated as cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area. This was reduced in diabetic mice that received BH4 (p = 0.0012). Diabetes induced cardiac interstitial fibrosis that was reduced in mice that received BH4 treatment (p < 0.05). We also evaluated in the kidney the impact of BH4 treatment on glomerular morphology. Diabetes induced glomerular hypertrophy compared with normoglycemic mice and was prevented by BH4 treatment. In addition, diabetic mice presented glomerular fibrosis, which was prevented in mice that received BH4. Conclusions: These results suggest that chronic treatment with BH4 in mice ameliorates the cardiorenal effects of diabetes,, probably by restoring the nitroso−redox balance. This offers a possible new alternative to explore a BH4-based treatment for the organ damage caused by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises Novoa
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay s/n, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Karen Soto
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay s/n, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Cristian Valdés
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
| | - Jorge Villaseñor
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Adriana V. Treuer
- Departamento de Biología y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Catolica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
| | - Daniel R. González
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay s/n, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-71-2-418856
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8
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Yoon S, Eom GH, Kang G. Nitrosative Stress and Human Disease: Therapeutic Potential of Denitrosylation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189794. [PMID: 34575960 PMCID: PMC8464666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins dynamically contribute towards maintaining cellular homeostasis. Posttranslational modification regulates the function of target proteins through their immediate activation, sudden inhibition, or permanent degradation. Among numerous protein modifications, protein nitrosation and its functional relevance have emerged. Nitrosation generally initiates nitric oxide (NO) production in association with NO synthase. NO is conjugated to free thiol in the cysteine side chain (S-nitrosylation) and is propagated via the transnitrosylation mechanism. S-nitrosylation is a signaling pathway frequently involved in physiologic regulation. NO forms peroxynitrite in excessive oxidation conditions and induces tyrosine nitration, which is quite stable and is considered irreversible. Two main reducing systems are attributed to denitrosylation: glutathione and thioredoxin (TRX). Glutathione captures NO from S-nitrosylated protein and forms S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). The intracellular reducing system catalyzes GSNO into GSH again. TRX can remove NO-like glutathione and break down the disulfide bridge. Although NO is usually beneficial in the basal context, cumulative stress from chronic inflammation or oxidative insult produces a large amount of NO, which induces atypical protein nitrosation. Herein, we (1) provide a brief introduction to the nitrosation and denitrosylation processes, (2) discuss nitrosation-associated human diseases, and (3) discuss a possible denitrosylation strategy and its therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somy Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea;
| | - Gwang Hyeon Eom
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea;
- Correspondence: (G.-H.E.); (G.K.); Tel.: +82-61-379-2837 (G.-H.E.); +82-62-220-5262 (G.K.)
| | - Gaeun Kang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea
- Correspondence: (G.-H.E.); (G.K.); Tel.: +82-61-379-2837 (G.-H.E.); +82-62-220-5262 (G.K.)
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9
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Turner D, Kang C, Mesirca P, Hong J, Mangoni ME, Glukhov AV, Sah R. Electrophysiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Sinoatrial Node Mechanosensitivity. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:662410. [PMID: 34434970 PMCID: PMC8382116 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.662410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the electrophysiological mechanisms that underlie mechanosensitivity of the sinoatrial node (SAN), the primary pacemaker of the heart, has been evolving over the past century. The heart is constantly exposed to a dynamic mechanical environment; as such, the SAN has numerous canonical and emerging mechanosensitive ion channels and signaling pathways that govern its ability to respond to both fast (within second or on beat-to-beat manner) and slow (minutes) timescales. This review summarizes the effects of mechanical loading on the SAN activity and reviews putative candidates, including fast mechanoactivated channels (Piezo, TREK, and BK) and slow mechanoresponsive ion channels [including volume-regulated chloride channels and transient receptor potential (TRP)], as well as the components of mechanochemical signal transduction, which may contribute to SAN mechanosensitivity. Furthermore, we examine the structural foundation for both mechano-electrical and mechanochemical signal transduction and discuss the role of specialized membrane nanodomains, namely, caveolae, in mechanical regulation of both membrane and calcium clock components of the so-called coupled-clock pacemaker system responsible for SAN automaticity. Finally, we emphasize how these mechanically activated changes contribute to the pathophysiology of SAN dysfunction and discuss controversial areas necessitating future investigations. Though the exact mechanisms of SAN mechanosensitivity are currently unknown, identification of such components, their impact into SAN pacemaking, and pathological remodeling may provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of SAN dysfunction and associated rhythm abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Turner
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Chen Kang
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Pietro Mesirca
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Juan Hong
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Matteo E Mangoni
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexey V Glukhov
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rajan Sah
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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10
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Pharmacological Inhibition of S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase Reduces Cardiac Damage Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040555. [PMID: 33918310 PMCID: PMC8065739 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardioprotective effects of nitric oxide (NO) have been described through S-nitrosylation of several important proteins in the mitochondria of the cardiomyocyte. S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of S-nitrosothiols by producing denitrosylation, thus limiting the cardioprotective effect of NO. The effect of GSNOR inhibition on the damage by cardiac ischemia–reperfusion is still unclear. We tested the hypothesis that pharmacological inhibition of GSNOR promotes cardioprotection by increasing the levels of protein S-nitrosylation. In a model of ischemia–reperfusion in isolated rat heart, the effect of a GSNOR inhibitor, 5-chloro-3-(2-[4-ethoxyphenyl) (ethyl) amino]-2-oxoethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (C2), was investigated. Ventricular function and hemodynamics were determined, in addition to tissue damage and S-nitrosylation of mitochondrial proteins. Hearts treated with C2 showed a lower release of myocardial damage marker creatine kinase and a reduction in the infarcted area. It also improved post-ischemia ventricular function compared to controls. These results were associated with increasing protein S-nitrosylation, specifically of the mitochondrial complexes III and V. The pharmacological inhibition of GSNOR showed a concentration-dependent cardioprotective effect, being observed in functional parameters and myocardial damage, which was maximal at 1 µmol/L, associated with increased S-nitrosylation of mitochondrial proteins. These data suggest that GSNOR is an interesting pharmacological target for cardiac reperfusion injury.
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11
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Boycott HE, Nguyen MN, Vrellaku B, Gehmlich K, Robinson P. Nitric Oxide and Mechano-Electrical Transduction in Cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2020; 11:606740. [PMID: 33384614 PMCID: PMC7770138 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.606740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability§ of the heart to adapt to changes in the mechanical environment is critical for normal cardiac physiology. The role of nitric oxide is increasingly recognized as a mediator of mechanical signaling. Produced in the heart by nitric oxide synthases, nitric oxide affects almost all mechano-transduction pathways within the cardiomyocyte, with roles mediating mechano-sensing, mechano-electric feedback (via modulation of ion channel activity), and calcium handling. As more precise experimental techniques for applying mechanical stresses to cells are developed, the role of these forces in cardiomyocyte function can be further understood. Furthermore, specific inhibitors of different nitric oxide synthase isoforms are now available to elucidate the role of these enzymes in mediating mechano-electrical signaling. Understanding of the links between nitric oxide production and mechano-electrical signaling is incomplete, particularly whether mechanically sensitive ion channels are regulated by nitric oxide, and how this affects the cardiac action potential. This is of particular relevance to conditions such as atrial fibrillation and heart failure, in which nitric oxide production is reduced. Dysfunction of the nitric oxide/mechano-electrical signaling pathways are likely to be a feature of cardiac pathology (e.g., atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure) and a better understanding of the importance of nitric oxide signaling and its links to mechanical regulation of heart function may advance our understanding of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Boycott
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - My-Nhan Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Besarte Vrellaku
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Robinson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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12
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Post-Translational S-Nitrosylation of Proteins in Regulating Cardiac Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111051. [PMID: 33126514 PMCID: PMC7693965 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Like other post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, S-nitrosylation has been considered a key regulatory mechanism of multiple cellular functions in many physiological and disease conditions. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that S-nitrosylation plays a crucial role in regulating redox homeostasis in the stressed heart, leading to discoveries in the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of heart diseases and cardiac protection. In this review, we summarize recent studies in understanding the molecular and biological basis of S-nitrosylation, including the formation, spatiotemporal specificity, homeostatic regulation, and association with cellular redox status. We also outline the currently available methods that have been applied to detect S-nitrosylation. Additionally, we synopsize the up-to-date studies of S-nitrosylation in various cardiac diseases in humans and animal models, and we discuss its therapeutic potential in cardiac protection. These pieces of information would bring new insights into understanding the role of S-nitrosylation in cardiac pathogenesis and provide novel avenues for developing novel therapeutic strategies for heart diseases.
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13
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Apocynin Treatment Prevents Cardiac Connexin 43 Hemichannels Hyperactivity by Reducing Nitroso-Redox Stress in Mdx Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155415. [PMID: 32751416 PMCID: PMC7432655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal disease that causes cardiomyopathy and is associated with oxidative stress. In the heart, oxidative stress interferes with the location of connexin 43 (Cx43) to the intercalated discs causing its lateralization to the plasma membrane where Cx43 forms hemichannels. We tested the hypothesis that in DMD cardiomyopathy, increased oxidative stress is associated with the formation and activation of Cx43 hemichannels. For this, we used mdx mice as a DMD model and evaluated cardiac function, nitroso-redox changes and Cx43 hemichannels permeability. Mdx hearts presented increased NADPH oxidase-derived oxidative stress and increased Cx43 S-nitrosylation compared to controls. These redox changes were associated with increased Cx43 lateralization, decreased cardiac contractility and increased arrhythmic events. Pharmacological inhibition of NADPH oxidase using apocynin (one month) reduced systemic oxidative stress and reversed the aforementioned changes towards normal, except Cx43 lateralization. Opening of Cx43 hemichannels was blocked by apocynin treatment and by acute hemichannel blockade with carbenoxolone. NADPH oxidase inhibition also prevented the occurrence of apoptosis in mdx hearts and reversed the ventricular remodeling. These results show that NADPH oxidase activity in DMD is associated with S-nitrosylation and opening of Cx43 hemichannels. These changes lead to apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction and were prevented by NADPH oxidase inhibition.
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14
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Ronchi C, Bernardi J, Mura M, Stefanello M, Badone B, Rocchetti M, Crotti L, Brink P, Schwartz PJ, Gnecchi M, Zaza A. NOS1AP polymorphisms reduce NOS1 activity and interact with prolonged repolarization in arrhythmogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:472-483. [PMID: 32061134 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS NOS1AP single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) correlate with QT prolongation and cardiac sudden death in patients affected by long QT syndrome type 1 (LQT1). NOS1AP targets NOS1 to intracellular effectors. We hypothesize that NOS1AP SNPs cause NOS1 dysfunction and this may converge with prolonged action-potential duration (APD) to facilitate arrhythmias. Here we test (i) the effects of NOS1 inhibition and their interaction with prolonged APD in a guinea pig cardiomyocyte (GP-CMs) LQT1 model; (ii) whether pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) from LQT1 patients differing for NOS1AP variants and mutation penetrance display a phenotype compatible with NOS1 deficiency. METHODS AND RESULTS In GP-CMs, NOS1 was inhibited by S-Methyl-L-thiocitrulline acetate (SMTC) or Vinyl-L-NIO hydrochloride (L-VNIO); LQT1 was mimicked by IKs blockade (JNJ303) and β-adrenergic stimulation (isoproterenol). hiPSC-CMs were obtained from symptomatic (S) and asymptomatic (AS) KCNQ1-A341V carriers, harbouring the minor and major alleles of NOS1AP SNPs (rs16847548 and rs4657139), respectively. In GP-CMs, NOS1 inhibition prolonged APD, enhanced ICaL and INaL, slowed Ca2+ decay, and induced delayed afterdepolarizations. Under action-potential clamp, switching to shorter APD suppressed 'transient inward current' events induced by NOS1 inhibition and reduced cytosolic Ca2+. In S (vs. AS) hiPSC-CMs, APD was longer and ICaL larger; NOS1AP and NOS1 expression and co-localization were decreased. CONCLUSION The minor NOS1AP alleles are associated with NOS1 loss of function. The latter likely contributes to APD prolongation in LQT1 and converges with it to perturb Ca2+ handling. This establishes a mechanistic link between NOS1AP SNPs and aggravation of the arrhythmia phenotype in prolonged repolarization syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Ronchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 2016 Milano, Italy
| | - Joyce Bernardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 2016 Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela Mura
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo - Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela Stefanello
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo - Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Badone
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 2016 Milano, Italy
| | - Marcella Rocchetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 2016 Milano, Italy
| | - Lia Crotti
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Pier Lombardo 22, 20135 Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul Brink
- Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Peter J Schwartz
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Pier Lombardo 22, 20135 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Gnecchi
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo - Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy.,Unit of Cardiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Antonio Zaza
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 2016 Milano, Italy.,Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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15
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Lillo MA, Himelman E, Shirokova N, Xie LH, Fraidenraich D, Contreras JE. S-nitrosylation of connexin43 hemichannels elicits cardiac stress-induced arrhythmias in Duchenne muscular dystrophy mice. JCI Insight 2019; 4:130091. [PMID: 31751316 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) commonly present with severe ventricular arrhythmias that contribute to heart failure. Arrhythmias and lethality are also consistently observed in adult Dmdmdx mice, a mouse model of DMD, after acute β-adrenergic stimulation. These pathological features were previously linked to aberrant expression and remodeling of the cardiac gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43). Here, we report that remodeled Cx43 protein forms Cx43 hemichannels in the lateral membrane of Dmdmdx cardiomyocytes and that the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (Iso) aberrantly activates these hemichannels. Block of Cx43 hemichannels or a reduction in Cx43 levels (using Dmdmdx Cx43+/- mice) prevents the abnormal increase in membrane permeability, plasma membrane depolarization, and Iso-evoked electrical activity in these cells. Additionally, Iso treatment promotes nitric oxide (NO) production and S-nitrosylation of Cx43 hemichannels in Dmdmdx heart. Importantly, inhibition of NO production prevents arrhythmias evoked by Iso. We found that NO directly activates Cx43 hemichannels by S-nitrosylation of cysteine at position 271. Our results demonstrate that opening of remodeled and S-nitrosylated Cx43 hemichannels plays a key role in the development of arrhythmias in DMD mice and that these channels may serve as therapeutic targets to prevent fatal arrhythmias in patients with DMD .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Himelman
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Diego Fraidenraich
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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16
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Yamada Y, Prosser RA. Copper in the suprachiasmatic circadian clock: A possible link between multiple circadian oscillators. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 51:47-70. [PMID: 30269387 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is very robust, able to coordinate our daily physiological and behavioral rhythms with exquisite accuracy. Simultaneously, the SCN clock is highly sensitive to environmental timing cues such as the solar cycle. This duality of resiliency and sensitivity may be sustained in part by a complex intertwining of three cellular oscillators: transcription/translation, metabolic/redox, and membrane excitability. We suggest here that one of the links connecting these oscillators may be forged from copper (Cu). Cellular Cu levels are highly regulated in the brain and peripherally, and Cu affects cellular metabolism, redox state, cell signaling, and transcription. We have shown that both Cu chelation and application induce nighttime phase shifts of the SCN clock in vitro and that these treatments affect glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, and associated signaling processes differently. More recently we found that Cu induces mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent phase shifts, while the mechanisms by which Cu removal induces phase shifts remain unclear. Lastly, we have found that two Cu transporters are expressed in the SCN, and that one of these transporters (ATP7A) exhibits a day/night rhythm. Our results suggest that Cu homeostasis is tightly regulated in the SCN, and that changes in Cu levels may serve as a time cue for the circadian clock. We discuss these findings in light of the existing literature and current models of multiple coupled circadian oscillators in the SCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Yamada
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, NeuroNET Research Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Rebecca A Prosser
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, NeuroNET Research Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
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17
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Johnson DM, Antoons G. Arrhythmogenic Mechanisms in Heart Failure: Linking β-Adrenergic Stimulation, Stretch, and Calcium. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1453. [PMID: 30374311 PMCID: PMC6196916 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is associated with elevated sympathetic tone and mechanical load. Both systems activate signaling transduction pathways that increase cardiac output, but eventually become part of the disease process itself leading to further worsening of cardiac function. These alterations can adversely contribute to electrical instability, at least in part due to the modulation of Ca2+ handling at the level of the single cardiac myocyte. The major aim of this review is to provide a definitive overview of the links and cross talk between β-adrenergic stimulation, mechanical load, and arrhythmogenesis in the setting of HF. We will initially review the role of Ca2+ in the induction of both early and delayed afterdepolarizations, the role that β-adrenergic stimulation plays in the initiation of these and how the propensity for these may be altered in HF. We will then go onto reviewing the current data with regards to the link between mechanical load and afterdepolarizations, the associated mechano-sensitivity of the ryanodine receptor and other stretch activated channels that may be associated with HF-associated arrhythmias. Furthermore, we will discuss how alterations in local Ca2+ microdomains during the remodeling process associated the HF may contribute to the increased disposition for β-adrenergic or stretch induced arrhythmogenic triggers. Finally, the potential mechanisms linking β-adrenergic stimulation and mechanical stretch will be clarified, with the aim of finding common modalities of arrhythmogenesis that could be targeted by novel therapeutic agents in the setting of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Johnson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gudrun Antoons
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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18
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Chiesa JJ, Baidanoff FM, Golombek DA. Don't just say no: Differential pathways and pharmacological responses to diverse nitric oxide donors. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:1-9. [PMID: 30080991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous free radical molecule with a short half-life (∼1 s), which can gain or lose an electron into three interchangeable redox-dependent forms, the radical (NO), the nitrosonium cation (NO+), and nitroxyl anion (HNO). NO acts as an intra and extracellular signaling molecule regulating a wide range of functions in the cardiovascular, immune, and nervous system. NO donors are collectively known by their ability to release NOin vitro and in vivo, being proposed as therapeutic pharmacological tools for the treatment of several pathologies, such as cardiovascular disease. The highly reactive NO molecule is easily oxidized under physiological conditions to N-oxides, nitrate/nitrite and nitrogen dioxide. Different cellular responses are triggered depending on: 1) NO concentration [e.g., nanomolar for heme coordination in the allosteric site of guanylate cyclase (sGC) enzyme]; 2) the type of chemical bound to the nitrosated group (i.e., bound to nitrogen, N-nitro, or bound to sulphur atom, S-nitro) determining post-translational cysteine nitrosation; 3) the time-dependent availability of molecular targets. Classic NO donors are: organic nitrates (e.g., nitroglycerin, or glyceryl trinitrate, GTN; isosorbide mononitrate, ISMN), diazeniumdiolates having a diolate group [or NONOates, e.g., 2-(N,N-diethylamino)-diazenolate-2-oxide], S-nitrosothiols (e.g., S-nitroso glutathione, GSNO; S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, SNAP) or the organic salt sodium nitroprusside (SNP). In addition, nitroxyl (HNO) donors such as Piloty's acid and Angeli's salt can also be considered. The specific NO form released, as well as its differential reactivity to thiols, could act on different molecular targets and should be discussed in the context of: a) the type and amount of NO species determining the sensitivity of molecular targets (e.g., heme coordination, or S-nitrosation); b) the cellular redox state that could gate different effects. Experimental designs should take special care when choosing which NO donors to use, since different outcomes are to be expected. This article will comment recent findings regarding physiological responses involving NO species and their pharmacological modulation with donor drugs, especially in the context of the photic transduction pathways at the hypothalamic circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Chiesa
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Argentina
| | - Fernando M Baidanoff
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Argentina
| | - Diego A Golombek
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Argentina.
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19
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Schönleitner P, Schotten U, Antoons G. Mechanosensitivity of microdomain calcium signalling in the heart. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28648626 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In cardiac myocytes, calcium (Ca2+) signalling is tightly controlled in dedicated microdomains. At the dyad, i.e. the narrow cleft between t-tubules and junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), many signalling pathways combine to control Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release during contraction. Local Ca2+ gradients also exist in regions where SR and mitochondria are in close contact to regulate energetic demands. Loss of microdomain structures, or dysregulation of local Ca2+ fluxes in cardiac disease, is often associated with oxidative stress, contractile dysfunction and arrhythmias. Ca2+ signalling at these microdomains is highly mechanosensitive. Recent work has demonstrated that increasing mechanical load triggers rapid local Ca2+ releases that are not reflected by changes in global Ca2+. Key mechanisms involve rapid mechanotransduction with reactive oxygen species or nitric oxide as primary signalling molecules targeting SR or mitochondria microdomains depending on the nature of the mechanical stimulus. This review summarizes the most recent insights in rapid Ca2+ microdomain mechanosensitivity and re-evaluates its (patho)physiological significance in the context of historical data on the macroscopic role of Ca2+ in acute force adaptation and mechanically-induced arrhythmias. We distinguish between preload and afterload mediated effects on local Ca2+ release, and highlight differences between atrial and ventricular myocytes. Finally, we provide an outlook for further investigation in chronic models of abnormal mechanics (eg post-myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation), to identify the clinical significance of disturbed Ca2+ mechanosensitivity for arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Schönleitner
- Dept of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Uli Schotten
- Dept of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Gudrun Antoons
- Dept of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
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20
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an imperative regulator of the cardiovascular system and is a critical mechanism in preventing the pathogenesis and progression of the diseased heart. The scenario of bioavailable NO in the myocardium is complex: 1) NO is derived from both endogenous NO synthases (endothelial, neuronal, and/or inducible NOSs [eNOS, nNOS, and/or iNOS]) and exogenous sources (entero-salivary NO pathway) and the amount of NO from exogenous sources varies significantly; 2) NOSs are located at discrete compartments of cardiac myocytes and are regulated by distinctive mechanisms under stress; 3) NO regulates diverse target proteins through different modes of post-transcriptional modification (soluble guanylate cyclase [sGC]/cyclic guanosine monophosphate [cGMP]/protein kinase G [PKG]-dependent phosphorylation,
S-nitrosylation, and transnitrosylation); 4) the downstream effectors of NO are multidimensional and vary from ion channels in the plasma membrane to signalling proteins and enzymes in the mitochondria, cytosol, nucleus, and myofilament; 5) NOS produces several radicals in addition to NO (e.g. superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, and different NO-related derivatives) and triggers redox-dependent responses. However, nNOS inhibits cardiac oxidases to reduce the sources of oxidative stress in diseased hearts. Recent consensus indicates the importance of nNOS protein in cardiac protection under pathological stress. In addition, a dietary regime with high nitrate intake from fruit and vegetables together with unsaturated fatty acids is strongly associated with reduced cardiovascular events. Collectively, NO-dependent mechanisms in healthy and diseased hearts are better understood and shed light on the therapeutic prospects for NO and NOSs in clinical applications for fatal human heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Hua Zhang
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Dae Hak Ro, Chong No Gu, 110-799 Seoul, Korea, South.,Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133000, China.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Protective Effects of Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes under Oxidative Stress in the Heart. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9456163. [PMID: 28421129 PMCID: PMC5379096 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9456163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background. Nitric oxide can successfully compete with oxygen for sites of electron-transport chain in conditions of myocardial hypoxia. These features may prevent excessive oxidative stress occurring in cardiomyocytes during sudden hypoxia-reoxygenation. Aim. To study the action of the potent stable NO donor dinitrosyl iron complex with glutathione (Oxacom®) on the recovery of myocardial contractile function and Ca2+ transients in cardiomyocytes during hypoxia-reoxygenation. Results. The isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 min hypoxia followed by 30 min reoxygenation. The presence of 30 nM Oxacom in hypoxic perfusate reduced myocardial contracture and improved recovery of left ventricular developed pressure partly due to elimination of cardiac arrhythmias. The same Oxacom concentration limited reactive oxygen species generation in hypoxic cardiomyocytes and increased the viability of isolated cardiomyocytes during hypoxia from 12 to 52% and after reoxygenation from 0 to 40%. Oxacom prevented hypoxia-induced elevation of diastolic Ca2+ level and eliminated Ca2+ transport alterations manifested by slow Ca2+ removal from the sarcoplasm and delay in cardiomyocyte relaxation. Conclusion. The potent stable NO donor preserved cardiomyocyte integrity and improved functional recovery at hypoxia-reoxygenation both in the isolated heart and in cardiomyocytes mainly due to preservation of Ca2+ transport. Oxacom demonstrates potential for cardioprotection during hypoxia-reoxygenation.
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