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He Z, Wang G, Wu J, Tang Z, Luo M. The molecular mechanism of LRP1 in physiological vascular homeostasis and signal transduction pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111667. [PMID: 34243608 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes (PCs) and macrophages (MФ), the major components of blood vessels, play a crucial role in maintaining vascular structural and functional homeostasis. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1), a transmembrane receptor protein belonging to the LDL receptor family, plays multifunctional roles in maintaining endocytosis, homeostasis, and signal transduction. Accumulating evidence suggests that LRP1 modulates vascular homeostasis mainly by regulating vasoactive substances and specific intracellular signaling pathways, including the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) signaling pathway, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling pathway, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway. The aim of the present review is to focus on recent advances in the discovery and mechanism of vascular homeostasis regulated by LRP1-dependent signaling pathways. These recent discoveries expand our understanding of the mechanisms controlling LRP1 as a target for studies on vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui He
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zonghao Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Mao Luo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Reseach Center, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, the School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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Gan X, Chopp M, Xin H, Wang F, Golembieski W, Lu M, He L, Liu Z. Targeted tPA overexpression in denervated spinal motor neurons promotes stroke recovery in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:92-104. [PMID: 31987011 PMCID: PMC7747163 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20901686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that axonal remodeling of the corticospinal tract (CST) contributes to neurological recovery after stroke in rodents. The present study employed a novel non-invasive peripheral approach, to over-express tPA in denervated spinal motor neurons via recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) intramuscular injection in transgenic mice subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), in which the CST axons are specifically and completely labeled with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). One day after surgery, mice were randomly selected to receive saline, AAV5-RFP, or tPA (1 × 1010 viral particles) injected into the stroke-impaired forelimb muscles (n = 10/group). Functional deficits and recovery were monitored with foot-fault and single pellet reaching tests. At day 28 after MCAo, mice received intramuscular injection of PRV-614-mRFP (1.52 × 107 pfu) as above, and were euthanized four days later. Compared with saline or AAV-RFP-treated mice, AAV-tPA significantly enhanced behavioral recovery (p < 0.01, both tests), as well as increased CST axonal density in the denervated gray matter of the cervical cord (p < 0.001), and RFP-positive pyramidal neurons in both ipsilesional and contralesional cortices (p < 0.001). Behavioral outcomes were significantly correlated to neural remodeling (p < 0.05). Our results provide a fundamental basis for the development of therapeutic approaches aimed at promoting corticospinal innervation for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Gan
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.,Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Hongqi Xin
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Fengjie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Mei Lu
- Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Li He
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhongwu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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Vigo T, Voulgari-Kokota A, Errede M, Girolamo F, Ortolan J, Mariani MC, Ferrara G, Virgintino D, Buffo A, Kerlero de Rosbo N, Uccelli A. Mesenchymal stem cells instruct a beneficial phenotype in reactive astrocytes. Glia 2020; 69:1204-1215. [PMID: 33381863 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transplanted mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) ameliorate the clinical course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS), reducing inflammation and demyelination. These effects are mediated by instructive cross-talk between MSC and immune and neural cells. Astroglial reaction to injury is a prominent feature of both EAE and MS. Astrocytes constitute a relevant target to control disease onset and progression and, based on their potential to acquire stem cell properties in situ, to foster recovery in the post-acute phase of pathology. We have assessed how MSC impact astrocytes in vitro and ex vivo in EAE. Expression of astroglial factors implicated in EAE pathogenesis was quantified by real-time PCR in astrocytes co-cultured with MSC or isolated from EAE cerebral cortex; astrocyte morphology and expression of activation markers were analyzed by confocal microscopy. The acquisition of neural stem cell properties by astrocytes was evaluated by neurosphere assay. Our study shows that MSC prevented astrogliosis, reduced mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines that sustain immune cell infiltration in EAE, as well as protein expression of endothelin-1, an astrocyte-derived factor that inhibits remyelination and contributes to neurodegeneration and disease progression in MS. Moreover, our data reveal that MSC promoted the acquisition of progenitor traits by astrocytes. These data indicate that MSC attenuate detrimental features of reactive astroglia and, based on the reacquisition of stem cell properties, also suggest that astrocytes may be empowered in their protective and reparative actions by MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Vigo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Androniki Voulgari-Kokota
- Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mariella Errede
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Girolamo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Jasmin Ortolan
- Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Daniela Virgintino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Buffo
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze Rita Levi Montalcini Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicole Kerlero de Rosbo
- Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Uccelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Mobini S, Song YH, McCrary MW, Schmidt CE. Advances in ex vivo models and lab-on-a-chip devices for neural tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2019; 198:146-166. [PMID: 29880219 PMCID: PMC6957334 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The technologies related to ex vivo models and lab-on-a-chip devices for studying the regeneration of brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerve tissues are essential tools for neural tissue engineering and regenerative medicine research. The need for ex vivo systems, lab-on-a-chip technologies and disease models for neural tissue engineering applications are emerging to overcome the shortages and drawbacks of traditional in vitro systems and animal models. Ex vivo models have evolved from traditional 2D cell culture models to 3D tissue-engineered scaffold systems, bioreactors, and recently organoid test beds. In addition to ex vivo model systems, we discuss lab-on-a-chip devices and technologies specifically for neural tissue engineering applications. Finally, we review current commercial products that mimic diseased and normal neural tissues, and discuss the future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahba Mobini
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Young Hye Song
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michaela W McCrary
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Chen N, Chopp M, Xiong Y, Qian JY, Lu M, Zhou D, He L, Liu Z. Subacute intranasal administration of tissue plasminogen activator improves stroke recovery by inducing axonal remodeling in mice. Exp Neurol 2018. [PMID: 29518364 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In addition to thrombolysis, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) can evoke neurorestorative processes. We therefore investigated the therapeutic effect of subacute intranasal administration of tPA post stroke on neurological recovery and on corticospinal innervation in mice. A transgenic mouse line, in which the pyramidal neurons and corticospinal tract (CST) axons are specifically labeled by yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) was employed. Adult CST-YFP mice were subjected to right unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), and were randomly divided into groups treated with saline or tPA intranasally in the subacute phase. Pseudorabies virus (PRV)-614-monomeric red fluorescent protein (RFP) was injected into the left forelimb. The cervical spinal cord and brain were processed for fluorescent microscopy to detect YFP and RFP labeling. Primary embryonic neurons were cultured with tPA at different concentrations. Neurite length and branch numbers were then measured. In vivo, subacute tPA treatment significantly enhanced functional recovery (p < 0.05), and increased CST density in the denervated gray matter, and in the numbers of PRV-labeled neurons in bilateral cortices. The behavioral performance was significantly correlated with axonal density in the denervated spinal cord. In vitro, both neurite length and branch numbers significantly increased with concentration of tPA (p < 0.05). Our results demonstrate that tPA dose-dependently increases neurite outgrowth and branching of cultured cortical neurons. Subacute intranasal administration of tPA may provide enhance neurological recovery after stroke by promoting CST axonal remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detrot, MI, United States
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detrot, MI, United States; Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Ye Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jian-Yong Qian
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Mei Lu
- Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detrot, MI, United States
| | - Li He
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detrot, MI, United States.
| | - Zhongwu Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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