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Bodenbender JP, Bethge L, Stingl K, Mazzola P, Haack T, Biskup S, Wissinger B, Weisschuh N, Kohl S, Kühlewein L. Clinical and Genetic Findings in a Cohort of Patients with PRPF31-associated Retinal Dystrophy. Am J Ophthalmol 2024:S0002-9394(24)00266-6. [PMID: 38909744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of our study was to assess the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum in a large cohort of patients with PRPF31-associated retinal dystrophy. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study METHODS: In this retrospective chart review study, we collected cross-sectional data on the phenotype and genotype of patients with PRPF31-associated retinal dystrophy from the clinics for inherited retinal dystrophies at the University of Tuebingen and the local RetDis database and biobank. Patients underwent thorough ophthalmological examinations and genetic testing. RESULTS Eighty-six patients from 61 families were available for clinical assessment, while genomic DNA was available for 111 individuals (index patients and family members). Fifty-three different disease-associated variants were observed in our cohort. Point mutations were the most common class. All but two patients exhibited features of a typical Retinitis pigmentosa (RP). One patient showed a cone-rod-dystrophy pattern. One mutation carrier revealed no signs of a retinal dystrophy. There was a statistically significant better visual acuity for patients with large deletions in the 20-39 age group. Cystoid macular edema was common in those with preserved central retina and showed an association with female sex. CONCLUSION Our study confirms high phenotypic variability in disease onset and age at which legal blindness is reached in PRPF31-linked RP. Non-penetrance is commonly documented in family history, although poorly represented in our study, possibly indicating that true asymptomatic mutation carriers are rare if followed-up over lifetime with thorough ophthalmologic workup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Philipp Bodenbender
- University Eye Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leon Bethge
- University Eye Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katarina Stingl
- University Eye Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pascale Mazzola
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Wissinger
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Weisschuh
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laura Kühlewein
- University Eye Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
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Zhuang J, Zhang R, Zhou B, Cao Z, Zhou J, Chen X, Zhang N, Zhu Y, Yang J. Mutation analysis of RHO in patients with non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa. Ophthalmic Genet 2024; 45:147-152. [PMID: 38284172 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2294843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify RHO mutations in patients with non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa (NS-RP). METHODS A total of 143 probands (46 family history and 97 sporadic cases) with NS-RP were recruited from Southeast China. The coding exons and adjacent intronic regions of RHO were PCR-amplified and sequenced by Sanger sequencing. The candidate variant was evaluated by the guidelines of American College of Medical Genetics and further validated through co-segregation analysis within the family. RESULTS Five heterozygous mutations in RHO were detected in 5 out of 143 probands, where the frequency of RHO mutations in our cohort was approximately 3.5% (5/143) and 10.8% (5/46) for probands and families with NS-RP, respectively. Three known disease-causing mutations including c.C1030T (p.Q344X), c.C173G (p.T58R), and c.G266A (p.G89D) were identified in three unrelated families. The other two previously unreported mutations c.557C>A (p.S186X) and c.944delA (p.N315TfsX43) were confirmed in Family RP-087 and Family RP-139, respectively. These mutations co-segregated with available affected individuals in each family were not observed in the unaffected family members or in the 112 unrelated controls. CONCLUSIONS This report expands the mutational spectrum of RHO gene associated with NS-RP and demonstrates the frequency of RP RHO mutations in Southeast Chinese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfu Zhuang
- Ophthalmology, Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Rongcai Zhang
- Fujian Baimeng Biotechnology Research Center, Fujian BioMed Technology Co. LTD, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Biting Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zongfu Cao
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaole Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Nanwen Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yihua Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Juhua Yang
- Department of Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Aweidah H, Xi Z, Sahel JA, Byrne LC. PRPF31-retinitis pigmentosa: Challenges and opportunities for clinical translation. Vision Res 2023; 213:108315. [PMID: 37714045 PMCID: PMC10872823 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in pre-mRNA processing factor 31 cause autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (PRPF31-RP), for which there is currently no efficient treatment, making this disease a prime target for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. PRPF31-RP exhibits incomplete penetrance due to haploinsufficiency, in which reduced levels of gene expression from the mutated allele result in disease. A variety of model systems have been used in the investigation of disease etiology and therapy development. In this review, we discuss recent advances in both in vivo and in vitro model systems, evaluating their advantages and limitations in the context of therapy development for PRPF31-RP. Additionally, we describe the latest approaches for treatment, including AAV-mediated gene augmentation, genome editing, and late-stage therapies such as optogenetics, cell transplantation, and retinal prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzah Aweidah
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhouhuan Xi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leah C Byrne
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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4
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Wang J, Xiao X, Li S, Jiang H, Sun W, Wang P, Zhang Q. Landscape of pathogenic variants in six pre-mRNA processing factor genes for retinitis pigmentosa based on large in-house data sets and database comparisons. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:e1412-e1425. [PMID: 35138024 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Variants in six genes encoding pre-mRNA processing factors (PRPFs) are a common cause of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP). This study aims to determine the characteristics of potential pathogenic variants (PPVs) in the six genes. METHODS Variants in six PRPF genes were identified from in-house exome sequencing data. PPVs were identified based on comparative bioinformatics analysis, clinical phenotypes and the ACMG/AMP guidelines. The features of PPVs were revealed by comparative analysis of in-house data set, gnomAD and previously published literature. RESULTS Totally, 36 heterozygous PPVs, including 19 novels, were detected from 45 families, which contributed to 4.4% (45/1019) of RP cases. These PPVs were distributed in PRPF31 (17/45, 37.8%), SNRNP200 (12/45, 26.7%), PRPF8 (10/45, 22.2%) and PRPF3 (6/45, 13.3%) but not in PRPF6 or PRPF4. Different types of PPVs were predominant in different PRPF genes, such as loss-of-function variants in PRPF31 and missense variants in the five remaining genes. The clustering of PPVs in specific regions was observed in SNRNP200, PRPF8 and PRPF3. The pathogenicity for certain classes of variants in these genes, such as loss-of-function variants in PRPF6 and missense variants in PRPF31 and PRPF4, requires careful consideration and further validation. The predominant fundus changes were early macular involvement, widespread RPE atrophy and pigmentation in the mid- and far-peripheral retina. CONCLUSION Systemic comparative analysis may shed light on the characterization of PPVs in these genes. Our findings provide a brief landscape of PPVs in PRPF genes and the associated phenotypes and emphasize the careful classification of pathogenicity for certain types of variants that warrant further characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueshan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenmin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Wang J, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Li X, Xiao X, Li S, Jia X, Sun W, Wang P, Zhang Q. Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa-Associated TOPORS Protein Truncating Variants Are Exclusively Located in the Region of Amino Acid Residues 807 to 867. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:19. [PMID: 35579903 PMCID: PMC9123486 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.5.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Heterozygous truncating variants of TOPORS have been reported to cause autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether all heterozygous truncating variants, including copy number variants (CNVs), are pathogenic. Methods TOPORS truncating variants were collected and reviewed through an in-house dataset and existing databases. Individuals with truncating variants underwent ophthalmological evaluation. Results Six truncating variants were detected in seven families. Three N-terminus truncating variants were detected in three families without RP, and the other three were identified in four unrelated families with typical RP. Based on the in-house dataset and published literature, 17 truncating variants were identified in 47 families with RP. All RP-associated truncating alleles, except one, were distributed in the last exon of TOPORS and clustered in amino acid residues 807 to 867 (46/47, 97.9%). Conversely, in the gnomAD database, only one truncating allele (1/27, 3.7%) was in this region, and the others were outside (26/27, 96.3%), suggesting that the pathogenic truncating variants were significantly clustered in residues 807 to 867 (χ2 = 65.6, P = 1.1 × 10–17). Additionally, three CNVs involving the N-terminus of TOPORS were recorded in control populations but were absent in affected patients. Conclusions This study suggests that all pathogenic truncating variants of TOPORS were clustered in residues 807 to 867, whereas the truncating variants outside this region and the CNVs involving the N-terminus were not associated with RP. A dominant-negative effect, rather than haploinsufficiency, is speculated to be the underlying pathogenesis. These findings provide valuable information for interpreting variation in TOPORS and other genes in similar situations, especially for CNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueshan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenmin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Llavero-Valero P, Morillo-Sánchez MJ, Bravo-Gil N, Jiménez MR, Ponte-Zuñiga B, López-Domínguez M, Antiñolo G, Rodríguez de la Rúa-Franch E. Identification of a PROM1 mutation in a Spanish family with inherited retinal dystrophies. Open Ophthalmol J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874364102115010314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
We report a Spanish family, comprising an affected mother and daughter, respectively diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa and Stargardt-like macular dystrophy, in whom we identified a PROM1 mutation.
Methods:
A custom gene panel consisting of 119 inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD)-genes was applied in the two affected individuals of this family and sequenced using the Illumina´s NextSeq500 platform.
Results:
The analysis of the resulting data allowed us to identify the pathogenic PROM1 mutation c.1117C>T (p.Arg373Cys) as the primary cause of the disease in both patients. No additional variants contributing to the extent of retinal dysfunction were detected.
Conclusion:
The variable expressivity of the detected PROM1 mutation is the most likely responsible for the intrafamilial phenotypic variability observed in this family. Screening of this mutation should be considered in patients with compatible clinical manifestations, especially when accompanied by an autosomal dominant family history.
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Peeters MHCA, Khan M, Rooijakkers AAMB, Mulders T, Haer-Wigman L, Boon CJF, Klaver CCW, van den Born LI, Hoyng CB, Cremers FPM, den Hollander AI, Dhaenens CM, Collin RWJ. PRPH2 mutation update: In silico assessment of 245 reported and 7 novel variants in patients with retinal disease. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:1521-1547. [PMID: 34411390 PMCID: PMC9290825 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in PRPH2, encoding peripherin-2, are associated with the development of a wide variety of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs). To determine the causality of the many PRPH2 variants that have been discovered over the last decades, we surveyed all published PRPH2 variants up to July 2020, describing 720 index patients that in total carried 245 unique variants. In addition, we identified seven novel PRPH2 variants in eight additional index patients. The pathogenicity of all variants was determined using the ACMG guidelines. With this, 107 variants were classified as pathogenic, 92 as likely pathogenic, one as benign, and two as likely benign. The remaining 50 variants were classified as variants of uncertain significance. Interestingly, of the total 252 PRPH2 variants, more than half (n = 137) were missense variants. All variants were uploaded into the Leiden Open source Variation and ClinVar databases. Our study underscores the need for experimental assays for variants of unknown significance to improve pathogenicity classification, which would allow us to better understand genotype-phenotype correlations, and in the long-term, hopefully also support the development of therapeutic strategies for patients with PRPH2-associated IRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon H C A Peeters
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mubeen Khan
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Timo Mulders
- Department of Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lonneke Haer-Wigman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Camiel J F Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Ingeborgh van den Born
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Claire-Marie Dhaenens
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Rob W J Collin
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Kukhtar D, Rubio-Peña K, Serrat X, Cerón J. Mimicking of splicing-related retinitis pigmentosa mutations in C. elegans allow drug screens and identification of disease modifiers. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:756-765. [PMID: 31919495 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas and the high conservation of the spliceosome components facilitate the mimicking of human pathological mutations in splicing factors of model organisms. The degenerative retinal disease retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is caused by mutations in distinct types of genes, including missense mutations in splicing factors that provoke RP in an autosomal dominant form (s-adRP). Using CRISPR in Caenorhabditis elegans, we generated mutant strains to mimic s-adRP mutations reported in PRPF8 and SNRNP200. Whereas these inherited mutations are present in heterozygosis in patients, C. elegans allows the maintenance of these mutations as homozygotes, which is advantageous for genetic and drug screens. We found that snrp-200(cer23[V676L]) and prp-8(cer14[H2302del]) display pleiotropic phenotypes, including reduced fertility. However, snrp-200(cer24[S1080L]) and prp-8(cer22[R2303G]) are weak alleles suitable for RNAi screens for identifying genetic interactions, which could uncover potential disease modifiers. We screened a collection of RNAi clones for splicing-related genes and identified three splicing factors: isy-1/ISY1, cyn-15/PPWD1 and mog-2/SNRPA1, whose partial inactivation may modify the course of the disease. Interestingly, these three genes act as modifiers of prp-8(cer22) but not of snrp-200(cer24). Finally, a screen of the strong allele prp-8(cer14) with FDA-approved drugs did not identify molecules capable of alleviating the temperature-sensitive sterility. Instead, we detected drugs, such as dequalinium chloride, which exacerbated the phenotype, and therefore, are potentially harmful to s-adRP patients since they may accelerate the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Kukhtar
- Modeling human diseases in C. elegans Group. Genes, Disease and Therapy Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karinna Rubio-Peña
- Modeling human diseases in C. elegans Group. Genes, Disease and Therapy Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xènia Serrat
- Modeling human diseases in C. elegans Group. Genes, Disease and Therapy Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián Cerón
- Modeling human diseases in C. elegans Group. Genes, Disease and Therapy Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Wang J, Xiao X, Li S, Wang P, Sun W, Zhang Q. Dominant RP in the Middle While Recessive in Both the N- and C-Terminals Due to RP1 Truncations: Confirmation, Refinement, and Questions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634478. [PMID: 33681214 PMCID: PMC7935555 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RP1 truncation variants, including frameshift, nonsense, and splicing, are a common cause of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). RP1 is a unique gene where truncations cause either autosomal dominant RP (adRP) or autosomal recessive RP (arRP) depending on the location of the variants. This study aims to clarify the boundaries between adRP and arRP caused by RP1 truncation variants based on a systemic analysis of 165 RP1 variants from our in-house exome-sequencing data of 7,092 individuals as well as a thorough review of 185 RP1 variants from published literature. In our cohort, potential pathogenic variants were detected in 16 families, including 11 new and five previously described families. Of the 16, seven families with adRP had heterozygous truncations in the middle portion, while nine families with either arRP (eight) or macular degeneration had biallelic variants in the N- and C-terminals, involving 10 known and seven novel variants. In the literature, 147 truncations in RP1 were reported to be responsible for either arRP (85) or adRP (58) or both (four). An overall evaluation of RP1 causative variants suggested three separate regions, i.e., the N-terminal from c.1 (p.1) to c.1837 (p.613), the middle portion from c.1981 (p.661) to c.2749 (p.917), and the C-terminal from c.2816 (p.939) to c.6471 (p.2157), where truncations in the middle portion were associated with adRP, while those in the N- and C-terminals were responsible for arRP. Heterozygous truncations alone in the N- and C- terminals were unlikely pathogenic. However, conflict reports with reverse situation were present for 13 variants, suggesting a complicated pathogenicity awaiting to be further elucidated. In addition, pathogenicity for homozygous truncations around c.5797 and thereafter might also need to be further clarified, so as for missense variants and for truncations located in the two gaps. Our data not only confirmed and refined the boundaries between dominant and recessive RP1 truncations but also revealed unsolved questions valuable for further investigation. These findings remind us that great care is needed in interpreting the results of RP1 variants in clinical gene testing as well as similar features may also be present in some other genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueshan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenmin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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The Alter Retina: Alternative Splicing of Retinal Genes in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041855. [PMID: 33673358 PMCID: PMC7917623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing of mRNA is an essential mechanism to regulate and increase the diversity of the transcriptome and proteome. Alternative splicing frequently occurs in a tissue- or time-specific manner, contributing to differential gene expression between cell types during development. Neural tissues present extremely complex splicing programs and display the highest number of alternative splicing events. As an extension of the central nervous system, the retina constitutes an excellent system to illustrate the high diversity of neural transcripts. The retina expresses retinal specific splicing factors and produces a large number of alternative transcripts, including exclusive tissue-specific exons, which require an exquisite regulation. In fact, a current challenge in the genetic diagnosis of inherited retinal diseases stems from the lack of information regarding alternative splicing of retinal genes, as a considerable percentage of mutations alter splicing or the relative production of alternative transcripts. Modulation of alternative splicing in the retina is also instrumental in the design of novel therapeutic approaches for retinal dystrophies, since it enables precision medicine for specific mutations.
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Xiao T, Xie Y, Zhang X, Xu K, Zhang X, Jin ZB, Li Y. Variant Profiling of a Large Cohort of 138 Chinese Families With Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:629994. [PMID: 33598457 PMCID: PMC7882618 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.629994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common form of inherited retinal dystrophy, and 15–25% of RP is transmitted as an autosomal dominant (ad) trait. The objectives of this study were to establish the variant profile in a large cohort of adRP families and to elucidate the variant spectrum of each adRP gene in Chinese patients. A total of 138 probands clinically diagnosed with RP as a presumed autosomal dominant trait were recruited. All probands underwent ophthalmic examinations by specialists. A combination of molecular screening methods, including targeted next-generation sequencing, Sanger DNA sequencing, and multiplex ligation probe amplification assay, was used to detect variants. We identified heterozygous variants of 11 adRP genes in 73 probands, hemizygous, or heterozygous variants of X-linked RP genes in six patients, compound heterozygous variants of autosomal recessive RP genes in three pseudodominant families, and one heterozygous variant of one ad cone and rod dystrophy gene in one proband. One proband was found carrying both variants in RPGR and FAM161A. The overall detection rate was 59.4% (82/138). We detected 72 distinct disease-causing variants involving 16 RP genes and one cone-rod dystrophy gene; 33 of these variants have not been reported previously. Disease-causing variants were identified in the adRP genes in 52.9% of the families, followed by 4.3% in the X-linked RP genes, and 2.2% in the autosomal recessive genes. The most frequent mutant genes were RHO, PRPF31, RP1, SNRNP200, and PRPF8, which explained up to 78.0% of the genetically diagnosed families. Most of the variants identified in adRP genes were missense, and copy number variations were common (7/20) in the PRPF31 gene. We established the profile of the mutated genes and the variant spectrum of adRP genes in a large cohort of Chinese patients, providing essential information for genetic counseling and future development of therapeutics for retinal dystrophy inherited as a dominant trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiao
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Iannaccone A, Brabbit E, Lopez-Miro C, Love Z, Griffiths V, Kedrov M, Haider NB. Interspecies Correlations between Human and Mouse NR2E3-Associated Recessive Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030475. [PMID: 33513943 PMCID: PMC7865474 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NR2E3-associated recessive disease in humans is historically defined by congenital night blinding retinopathy, characterized by an initial increase in short-wavelength (S)-cone sensitivity and progressive loss of rod and cone function. The retinal degeneration 7 (rd7) murine model, harboring a recessive mutation in the mouse ortholog of NR2E3, has been a well-studied disease model and recently evaluated as a therapeutic model for NR2E3-associated retinal degenerations. This study aims to draw parallels between human and mouse NR2E3-related disease through examination of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging between different stage of human disease and its murine counterpart. We propose that SD-OCT is a useful non-invasive diagnostic tool to compare human clinical dystrophy presentation with that of the rd7 mouse and make inference that may be of therapeutically relevance. Additionally, a longitudinal assessment of rd7 disease progression, utilizing available clinical data from our patients as well as extensive retrospective analysis of visual acuity data from published cases of human NR2E3-related disease, was curated to identify further valuable correlates between human and mouse Nr2e3 disease. Results of this study validate the slow progression of NR2E3-associated disease in humans and the rd7 mice and identify SD-OCT characteristics in patients at or near the vascular arcades that correlate well with the whorls and rosettes that are seen also in the rd7 mouse and point to imaging features that appear to be associated with better preserved S-cone mediated retinal function. The correlation of histological findings between rd7 mice and human imaging provides a solid foundation for diagnostic use of pathophysiological and prognostic information to further define characteristics and a relevant timeline for therapeutic intervention in the field of NR2E3-associated retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Iannaccone
- Center for Retinal Degenerations and Ophthalmic Genetic Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (C.L.-M.); (V.G.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (N.B.H.)
| | - Emily Brabbit
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (E.B.); (Z.L.)
| | - Christiaan Lopez-Miro
- Center for Retinal Degenerations and Ophthalmic Genetic Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (C.L.-M.); (V.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Zoe Love
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (E.B.); (Z.L.)
| | - Victoria Griffiths
- Center for Retinal Degenerations and Ophthalmic Genetic Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (C.L.-M.); (V.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Marina Kedrov
- Center for Retinal Degenerations and Ophthalmic Genetic Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (C.L.-M.); (V.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Neena B. Haider
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (E.B.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (N.B.H.)
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13
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Strubbe I, Van Cauwenbergh C, De Zaeytijd J, De Jaegere S, De Bruyne M, Rosseel T, Van de Sompele S, De Baere E, Leroy BP. Phenocopy of a heterozygous carrier of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa due to mosaicism for a RHO variant. Sci Rep 2021; 11:117. [PMID: 33420188 PMCID: PMC7794345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe both phenotype and pathogenesis in two male siblings with typical retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and the potentially X-linked RP (XLRP) carrier phenotype in their mother. Two affected sons, two unaffected daughters, and their mother underwent detailed ophthalmological assessments including Goldmann perimetry, color vision testing, multimodal imaging and ISCEV-standard electroretinography. Genetic testing consisted of targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of known XLRP genes and whole exome sequencing (WES) of known inherited retinal disease genes (RetNet-WES). Variant validation and segregation analysis were performed by Sanger sequencing. The mutational load of the RHO variant in the mother was assessed in DNA from leucocytes, buccal cells and hair follicles using targeted NGS. Both affected sons showed signs of classical RP, while the mother displayed patches of hyperautofluorescence on blue light autofluorescence imaging and regional, intraretinal, spicular pigmentation, reminiscent of a carrier phenotype of XLRP. XLRP testing was negative. RetNet-WES testing revealed RHO variant c.404G > C p.(Arg135Pro) in a mosaic state (21% of the reads) in the mother and in a heterozygous state in both sons. Targeted NGQSS of the RHO variant in different maternal tissues showed a mutation load between 25.06% and 41.72%. We report for the first time that somatic mosaicism of RHO variant c.404G > C p.(Arg135Pro) mimics the phenotype of a female carrier of XLRP, in combination with heterozygosity for the variant in the two affected sons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ine Strubbe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Head & Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline Van Cauwenbergh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Head & Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie De Zaeytijd
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah De Jaegere
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marieke De Bruyne
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Toon Rosseel
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Van de Sompele
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elfride De Baere
- Department of Head & Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. .,Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bart P Leroy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Head & Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. .,Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. .,Division of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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14
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Al-khuzaei S, Broadgate S, Halford S, Jolly JK, Shanks M, Clouston P, Downes SM. Novel Pathogenic Sequence Variants in NR2E3 and Clinical Findings in Three Patients. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111288. [PMID: 33138239 PMCID: PMC7716234 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A retrospective review of the clinical records of patients seen at the Oxford Eye Hospital identified as having NR2E3 mutations was performed. The data included symptoms, best-corrected visual acuity, multimodal retinal imaging, visual fields and electrophysiology testing. Three participants were identified with biallelic NR2E3 pathogenic sequence variants detected using a targeted NGS gene panel, two of which were novel. Participant I was a Nepalese male aged 68 years, and participants II and III were white Caucasian females aged 69 and 10 years old, respectively. All three had childhood onset nyctalopia, a progressive decrease in central vision, and visual field loss. Patients I and III had photopsia, patient II had photosensitivity and patient III also had photophobia. Visual acuities in patients I and II were preserved even into the seventh decade, with the worst visual acuity measured at 6/36. Visual field constriction was severe in participant I, less so in II, and fields were full to bright targets targets in participant III. Electrophysiology testing in all three demonstrated loss of rod function. The three patients share some of the typical distinctive features of NR2E3 retinopathies, as well as a novel clinical observation of foveal ellipsoid thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saoud Al-khuzaei
- Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (S.A.-k.); (J.K.J.)
| | - Suzanne Broadgate
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Level 6 John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (S.B.); (S.H.)
| | - Stephanie Halford
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Level 6 John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (S.B.); (S.H.)
| | - Jasleen K. Jolly
- Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (S.A.-k.); (J.K.J.)
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Level 6 John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (S.B.); (S.H.)
| | - Morag Shanks
- Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratory, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; (M.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Penny Clouston
- Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratory, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; (M.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Susan M. Downes
- Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (S.A.-k.); (J.K.J.)
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Level 6 John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (S.B.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Roshandel D, Thompson JA, Charng J, Zhang D, Chelva E, Arunachalam S, Attia MS, Lamey TM, McLaren TL, De Roach JN, Mackey DA, Wilton SD, Fletcher S, McLenachan S, Chen FK. Exploring microperimetry and autofluorescence endpoints for monitoring disease progression in PRPF31-associated retinopathy. Ophthalmic Genet 2020; 42:1-14. [PMID: 32985313 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2020.1827442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the splicing factor pre-messenger RNA processing factor 31 (PRPF31) gene cause autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa 11 (RP11) through a haplo-insufficiency mechanism. We describe the phenotype and progression of microperimetry and autofluorescence endpoints in an Indigenous Australian RP11 family. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ophthalmic examination, optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence and microperimetry were performed at baseline and every 6-12 months. Baseline and annual change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), microperimetry mean sensitivity (MS) and number of scotoma loci, residual ellipsoid zone (EZ) span and hyperautofluorescent ring (HAR) area were reported. Next-generation and Sanger sequencing were performed in available members. RESULTS 12 affected members from three generations were examined. Mean (SD, range) age at onset of symptoms was 11 (4.5, 4-19) years. MS declined steadily from the third decade and EZ span and HAR area declined rapidly during the second decade. Serial microperimetry showed negligible change in MS over 2-3 years. However, mean EZ span, near-infrared and short-wavelength HAR area reduction was 203 (6.4%) µm/year, 1.8 (8.7%) mm2/year and 1.1 (8.6%) mm2/year, respectively. Genetic testing was performed on 11 affected and 10 asymptomatic members and PRPF31 c.1205 C > A (p.Ser402Ter) mutation was detected in all affected and two asymptomatic members (non-penetrant carriers). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that in the studied cohort, the optimal window for therapeutic intervention is the second decade of life and residual EZ span and HAR area can be considered as efficacy outcome measures. Further studies on larger samples with different PRPF31 mutations and longer follow-up duration are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Roshandel
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia , Perth, Australia.,Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute , Nedlands, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Thompson
- Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital , Nedlands, Australia
| | - Jason Charng
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia , Perth, Australia.,Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute , Nedlands, Australia
| | - Dan Zhang
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia , Perth, Australia.,Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute , Nedlands, Australia
| | - Enid Chelva
- Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital , Nedlands, Australia
| | - Sukanya Arunachalam
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia , Perth, Australia.,Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute , Nedlands, Australia
| | - Mary S Attia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia , Perth, Australia.,Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute , Nedlands, Australia
| | - Tina M Lamey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia , Perth, Australia.,Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital , Nedlands, Australia
| | - Terri L McLaren
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia , Perth, Australia.,Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital , Nedlands, Australia
| | - John N De Roach
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia , Perth, Australia.,Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital , Nedlands, Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia , Perth, Australia.,Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute , Nedlands, Australia.,Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital , Nedlands, Australia
| | - Steve D Wilton
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University , Murdoch, Australia.,The Perron Institute, The University of Western Australia , Nedlands, Australia
| | - Sue Fletcher
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University , Murdoch, Australia.,The Perron Institute, The University of Western Australia , Nedlands, Australia
| | - Samuel McLenachan
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia , Perth, Australia.,Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute , Nedlands, Australia
| | - Fred K Chen
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia , Perth, Australia.,Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute , Nedlands, Australia.,Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital , Nedlands, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital , Perth, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Perth Children's Hospital , Nedlands, Australia
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16
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Reeves MJ, Goetz KE, Guan B, Ullah E, Blain D, Zein WM, Tumminia SJ, Hufnagel RB. Genotype-phenotype associations in a large PRPH2-related retinopathy cohort. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1528-1539. [PMID: 32531846 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular variant interpretation lacks disease gene-specific cohorts for determining variant enrichment in disease versus healthy populations. To address the molecular etiology of retinal degeneration, specifically the PRPH2-related retinopathies, we reviewed genotype and phenotype information obtained from 187 eyeGENE® participants from 161 families. Clinical details were provided by referring clinicians participating in the eyeGENE® Network. The cohort was sequenced for variants in PRPH2. Variant complementary DNA clusters and cohort frequency were compared to variants in public databases to help us to determine pathogenicity by current American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology interpretation criteria. The most frequent variant was c.828+3A>T, which affected 28 families (17.4%), and 25 of 79 (31.64%) variants were novel. The majority of missense variants clustered in the D2 intracellular loop of the peripherin-2 protein, constituting a hotspot. Disease enrichment was noted for 23 (29.1%) of the variants. Hotspot and disease-enrichment evidence modified variant classification for 16.5% of variants. The missense allele p.Arg172Trp was associated with a younger age of onset. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest patient cohort review of PRPH2-related retinopathy. Large disease gene-specific cohorts permit gene modeling for hotspot and disease-enrichment analysis, providing novel variant classification evidence, including for novel missense variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Reeves
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kerry E Goetz
- Office of the Director, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bin Guan
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ehsan Ullah
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Delphine Blain
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wadih M Zein
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Santa J Tumminia
- Office of the Director, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert B Hufnagel
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Stanković D, Claudius AK, Schertel T, Bresser T, Uhlirova M. A Drosophila model to study retinitis pigmentosa pathology associated with mutations in the core splicing factor Prp8. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm043174. [PMID: 32424050 PMCID: PMC7328144 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.043174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) represents genetically heterogeneous and clinically variable disease characterized by progressive degeneration of photoreceptors resulting in a gradual loss of vision. The autosomal dominant RP type 13 (RP13) has been linked to the malfunction of PRPF8, an essential component of the spliceosome. Over 20 different RP-associated PRPF8 mutations have been identified in human patients. However, the cellular and molecular consequences of their expression in vivo in specific tissue contexts remain largely unknown. Here, we establish a Drosophila melanogaster model for RP13 by introducing the nine distinct RP mutations into the fly PRPF8 ortholog prp8 and express the mutant proteins in precise spatiotemporal patterns using the Gal4/UAS system. We show that all nine RP-Prp8 mutant proteins negatively impact developmental timing, albeit to a different extent, when expressed in the endocrine cells producing the primary insect moulting hormone. In the developing eye primordium, uncommitted epithelial precursors rather than differentiated photoreceptors appeared sensitive to Prp8 malfunction. Expression of the two most pathogenic variants, Prp8S>F and Prp8H>R, induced apoptosis causing alterations to the adult eye morphology. The affected tissue mounted stress and cytoprotective responses, while genetic programs underlying neuronal function were attenuated. Importantly, the penetrance and expressivity increased under prp8 heterozygosity. In contrast, blocking apoptosis alleviated cell loss but not the redox imbalance. Remarkably, the pathogenicity of the RP-Prp8 mutations in Drosophila correlates with the severity of clinical phenotypes in patients carrying the equivalent mutations, highlighting the suitability of the Drosophila model for in-depth functional studies of the mechanisms underlying RP13 etiology.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrije Stanković
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Claudius
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Thomas Schertel
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Tina Bresser
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Mirka Uhlirova
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
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18
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Huckfeldt RM, Grigorian F, Place E, Comander JI, Vavvas D, Young LH, Yang P, Shurygina M, Pierce EA, Pennesi ME. Biallelic RP1-associated retinal dystrophies: Expanding the mutational and clinical spectrum. Mol Vis 2020; 26:423-433. [PMID: 32565670 PMCID: PMC7300197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the phenotypic spectrum of autosomal recessive RP1-associated retinal dystrophies and assess genotypic associations. METHODS A retrospective multicenter study was performed of patients with biallelic RP1-associated retinal dystrophies. Data including presenting symptoms and age, visual acuity, kinetic perimetry, full field electroretinogram, fundus examination, multimodal retinal imaging, and RP1 genotype were evaluated. RESULTS Nineteen eligible patients from 17 families were identified and ranged in age from 10 to 56 years at the most recent evaluation. Ten of the 21 unique RP1 variants identified were novel, and mutations within exon 2 accounted for nearly half of alleles across the cohort. Patients had clinical diagnoses of retinitis pigmentosa (13), cone-rod dystrophy (3), Leber congenital amaurosis (1), early-onset severe retinal dystrophy (1), and macular dystrophy (1). Macular atrophy was a common feature across the cohort. Symptom onset occurred between 4 and 30 years of age (mean 14.9 years, median 13 years), but there were clusters of onset age that correlated with the effects of RP1 mutations at a protein level. Patients with later-onset disease, including retinitis pigmentosa, had at least one missense variant in an exon 2 DCX domain. CONCLUSIONS Biallelic RP1 mutations cause a broad spectrum of retinal disease. Exon 2 missense mutations are a significant contributor to disease and can be associated with a considerably later onset of retinitis pigmentosa than that typically associated with biallelic RP1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Huckfeldt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Florin Grigorian
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arkansas School of Medicine, Little Rock, AR
| | - Emily Place
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jason I. Comander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Demetrios Vavvas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lucy H. Young
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Paul Yang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Maria Shurygina
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR,S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution of the Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eric A. Pierce
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mark E. Pennesi
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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19
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Thompson DA, Iannaccone A, Ali RR, Arshavsky VY, Audo I, Bainbridge JWB, Besirli CG, Birch DG, Branham KE, Cideciyan AV, Daiger SP, Dalkara D, Duncan JL, Fahim AT, Flannery JG, Gattegna R, Heckenlively JR, Heon E, Jayasundera KT, Khan NW, Klassen H, Leroy BP, Molday RS, Musch DC, Pennesi ME, Petersen-Jones SM, Pierce EA, Rao RC, Reh TA, Sahel JA, Sharon D, Sieving PA, Strettoi E, Yang P, Zacks DN. Advancing Clinical Trials for Inherited Retinal Diseases: Recommendations from the Second Monaciano Symposium. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:2. [PMID: 32832209 PMCID: PMC7414644 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.7.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Major advances in the study of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) have placed efforts to develop treatments for these blinding conditions at the forefront of the emerging field of precision medicine. As a result, the growth of clinical trials for IRDs has increased rapidly over the past decade and is expected to further accelerate as more therapeutic possibilities emerge and qualified participants are identified. Although guided by established principles, these specialized trials, requiring analysis of novel outcome measures and endpoints in small patient populations, present multiple challenges relative to study design and ethical considerations. This position paper reviews recent accomplishments and existing challenges in clinical trials for IRDs and presents a set of recommendations aimed at rapidly advancing future progress. The goal is to stimulate discussions among researchers, funding agencies, industry, and policy makers that will further the design, conduct, and analysis of clinical trials needed to accelerate the approval of effective treatments for IRDs, while promoting advocacy and ensuring patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra A Thompson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alessandro Iannaccone
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robin R Ali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vadim Y Arshavsky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Isabelle Audo
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de la Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France.,CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France
| | | | - Cagri G Besirli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Kari E Branham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Artur V Cideciyan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven P Daiger
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deniz Dalkara
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de la Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jacque L Duncan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Abigail T Fahim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John G Flannery
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - John R Heckenlively
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elise Heon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Thiran Jayasundera
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Naheed W Khan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Henry Klassen
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Stem Cell Research Center, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Bart P Leroy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Center Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital and University, Ghent, Belgium.,Division of Ophthalmology and Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert S Molday
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David C Musch
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark E Pennesi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Simon M Petersen-Jones
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eric A Pierce
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajesh C Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas A Reh
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jose A Sahel
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de la Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France.,CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France.,Fondation Ophtalmologique Rothschild, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dror Sharon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Paul A Sieving
- Department of Ophthalmology and Center for Ocular Regenerative Therapy, University of California-Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.,National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Enrica Strettoi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Paul Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - David N Zacks
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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21
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Mutation spectrum of PRPF31, genotype-phenotype correlation in retinitis pigmentosa, and opportunities for therapy. Exp Eye Res 2020; 192:107950. [PMID: 32014492 PMCID: PMC7065041 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.107950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing factor 31, PRPF31, are the second most common genetic cause of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) in most populations. This remains a completely untreatable and incurable form of blindness, and it can be difficult to predict the clinical course of disease. In order to design appropriate targeted therapies, a thorough understanding of the genetics and molecular mechanism of this disease is required. Here, we present the structure of the PRPF31 gene and PRPF31 protein, current understanding of PRPF31 protein function and the full spectrum of all reported clinically relevant variants in PRPF31. We delineate the correlation between specific PRPF31 genotype and RP phenotype, suggesting that, except in cases of complete gene deletion or large-scale deletions, dominant negative effects contribute to phenotype as well as haploinsufficiency. This has important impacts on design of targeted therapies, particularly the feasibility of gene augmentation as a broad approach for treatment of PRPF31-associated RP. We discuss other opportunities for therapy, including antisense oligonucleotide therapy and gene-independent approaches and offer future perspectives on treatment of this form of RP. PRPF31 is the second most common cause of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa and a potential target for gene therapy. We present all reported pathogenic variants in PRPF31 as a resource for clinicians, diagnostic genetics labs, and researchers. Genotype-phenotype correlations suggest that, dominant negative effects contribute to disease in addition to haploinsufficiency. This finding has important impacts on the suitability of gene augmentation approaches across all mutation types. This finding may aid prognosis of disease in PRPF31-associated RP patients.
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22
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Gerth-Kahlert C, Koller S, Hanson JVM, Baehr L, Tiwari A, Kivrak-Pfiffner F, Bahr A, Berger W. Genotype-Phenotype Analysis of a Novel Recessive and a Recurrent Dominant SNRNP200 Variant Causing Retinitis Pigmentosa. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2822-2835. [PMID: 31260034 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare phenotype variability in retinitis pigmentosa patients with recessive and dominant mutations in the SNRNP200 gene. Methods In a retrospective study, patients of two unrelated families were identified: family A, five patients aged 36 to 77 years; family B, one patient aged 9 years and his asymptomatic parents and sister. All patients received a comprehensive eye examination with a detailed retinal functional and morphologic assessment. Genetic testing was performed by whole exome sequencing (WES) in the index patient from each family. Genes described to be involved in eye diseases (n > 450) were screened for rare variants and segregation analysis was performed. Results A known heterozygous missense variant (c.3260C>T, p.(Ser1087Leu)) in the SNRNP200 gene was identified in the index patient of family A while a novel homozygous missense mutation (c.1634G>A, p.(Arg545His)) was found in the index patient of family B. Nyctalopia and photophobia were reported by 6/6 and 2/6 patients, respectively. The phenotype associated with the dominant mutation was characterized by variable disease onset (early childhood to the sixth decade of life), disease severity (visual acuity of 20/20-20/200 in the seventh to eighth decade), and advanced rod-cone dysfunction. Characteristics of recessive disease included distinct fundus changes of dot-like hypopigmentation together with retinal atrophy and severe rod-cone dysfunction. Conclusions The phenotype characteristics in autosomal dominant and recessive SNRNP200 mutations show distinct features, with earlier severe disease in the recessive case and a variable disease expression in the dominant inheritance pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - James V M Hanson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luzy Baehr
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Amit Tiwari
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Fatma Kivrak-Pfiffner
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Angela Bahr
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Shakhmantsir I, Dooley SJ, Kishore S, Chen D, Pierce E, Bennett J, Sehgal A. RNA Splicing Factor Mutations That Cause Retinitis Pigmentosa Result in Circadian Dysregulation. J Biol Rhythms 2019; 35:72-83. [PMID: 31726916 DOI: 10.1177/0748730419887876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks regulate multiple physiological processes in the eye, but their requirement for retinal health remains unclear. We previously showed that Drosophila homologs of spliceosome proteins implicated in human retinitis pigmentosa (RP), the most common genetically inherited cause of blindness, have a role in the brain circadian clock. In this study, we report circadian phenotypes in murine models of RP. We found that mice carrying a homozygous H2309P mutation in Pre-mRNA splicing factor 8 (Prpf8) display a lengthened period of the circadian wheel-running activity rhythm. We show also that the daily cycling of circadian gene expression is dampened in the retina of Prpf8-H2309P mice. Surprisingly, molecular rhythms are intact in the eye cup, which includes the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), even though the RPE is thought to be the primary tissue affected in this form of RP. Downregulation of Prp31, another RNA splicing factor implicated in RP, leads to period lengthening in a human cell culture model. The period of circadian bioluminescence in primary fibroblasts of human RP patients is not significantly altered. Together, these studies link a prominent retinal disorder to circadian deficits, which could contribute to disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Shakhmantsir
- Chronobiology and Sleep institute (CSI) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott J Dooley
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Center for Advanced Retinal and Ocular Therapeutics, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Siddharth Kishore
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dechun Chen
- Chronobiology and Sleep institute (CSI) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric Pierce
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jean Bennett
- Center for Advanced Retinal and Ocular Therapeutics, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Chronobiology and Sleep institute (CSI) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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24
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Yusuf IH, Birtel J, Shanks ME, Clouston P, Downes SM, Charbel Issa P, MacLaren RE. Clinical Characterization of Retinitis Pigmentosa Associated With Variants in SNRNP200. JAMA Ophthalmol 2019; 137:1295-1300. [PMID: 31486839 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.3298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Importance SNRNP200 is a recently identified genetic cause of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP). However, the associated retinal phenotype is not well characterized. Objective To describe the retinal phenotype in patients with RP secondary to variants in SNRNP200. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective, case-series study was performed at 2 tertiary referral centers for inherited retinal diseases. Participants included 9 consecutive patients from 8 families with RP attributed to variants in SNRNP200. Data were collected from August 2017 to March 2018 and analyzed from May to July 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Results of clinical evaluation, multimodal retinal imaging, and molecular genetic testing using targeted next-generation sequencing. Results Of the 9 patients included in the analysis (4 female and 5 male; mean [SD] age at presentation, 19 [15] years), each presented with nyctalopia, typically in the first 2 decades of life, although 2 patients experienced symptom onset in middle age. None had any consistent systemic features suggestive of syndromic RP. Retinal imaging studies and electroretinography findings were typical of a rod-predominant dystrophy with later involvement of cone photoreceptors. Phenotypic heterogeneity was typified by 4 unrelated patients with the common c.2041C>T SNRNP200 variant who demonstrated a variable age of disease onset (middle teenage years to the fourth decade of life). Disease progression was slow, with all but 1 patient maintaining visual acuity of better than 20/40 in the better-seeing eye in the fifth and sixth decades of life. Conclusions and Relevance These data suggest that variants in SNRNP200 result in nonsyndromic RP with a typical phenotype of a rod-predominant dystrophy. Significant phenotypic heterogeneity and nonpenetrance were noted within some affected families. Symptom onset was typically within the first 2 decades of life, with slow progression and well-preserved visual acuities into the fifth and sixth decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran H Yusuf
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS (National Health Service) Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Birtel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Morag E Shanks
- Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Penny Clouston
- Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susan M Downes
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS (National Health Service) Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Charbel Issa
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS (National Health Service) Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert E MacLaren
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS (National Health Service) Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
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25
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Azizzadeh Pormehr L, Ahmadian S, Daftarian N, Mousavi SA, Shafiezadeh M. PRPF31 reduction causes mis-splicing of the phototransduction genes in human organotypic retinal culture. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 28:491-498. [PMID: 31654038 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PRPF31 is ubiquitously expressed splicing factor and has an essential role in the pre-mRNA splicing in all tissues. However, it is not clear how reduced expression of this general splicing factor leads to retinal restricted disease, retinitis pigmentosa (RP). In this study, we used RNA interference and RNA-sequencing to mimic the PRPF31 haploinsufficiency in human organotypic retinal cultures (HORCs). We examined the effects of PRPF31 deficiency on splicing by analyzing the differential exon usages (DEUs) and intron retentions of the retinal transcriptome. Our results revealed that the PRPF31 deficiency causes mis-splicing of genes involved in RNA processing (PRPF3, PRPF8, PRPF4, and PRPF19) and phototransduction (RHO, ROM1, FSCN2, GNAT2, and GNAT1) in the retina in the PRPF31 reduced samples. Mis-splicing of genes implicated in phototransduction was associated with photoreceptor degeneration observed in RP patients. Our data revealed that PRPF31 deficiency leads to the mis-splicing of a distinct subset of pre-mRNAs with a widespread effect on phototransduction and RNA processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Azizzadeh Pormehr
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Ahmadian
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Narsis Daftarian
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mousavi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Shafiezadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Martins C, de Medeiros PFV, Leistner-Segal S, Dridi L, Elcioglu N, Wood J, Behnam M, Noyan B, Lacerda L, Geraghty MT, Labuda D, Giugliani R, Pshezhetsky AV. Molecular characterization of a large group of Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIC patients reveals the evolutionary history of the disease. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:1084-1100. [PMID: 31228227 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIC (MPSIIIC) is a severe, rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by variants in the heparan-α-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase (HGSNAT) gene which result in lysosomal accumulation of heparan sulfate. We analyzed clinical presentation, molecular defects and their haplotype context in 78 (27 novel) MPSIIIC cases from 22 countries, the largest group studied so far. We describe for the first time disease-causing variants in the patients from Brazil, Algeria, Azerbaijan, and Iran, and extend their spectrum within Canada, Colombia, Turkey, and the USA. Six variants are novel: two missense, c.773A>T/p.N258I and c.1267G>T/p.G423W, a nonsense c.164T>A/p.L55*, a splice-site mutation c.494-1G>A/p.[P165_L187delinsQSCYVTQAGVRWHHLGSLQALPPGFTPFSYLSLLSSWNC,P165fs], a deletion c.1348delG/p.(D450fs) and an insertion c.1479dupA/p.(Leu494fs). The missense HGSNAT variants lacked lysosomal targeting, enzymatic activity, and likely the correct folding. The haplotype analysis identified founder mutations, p.N258I, c.525dupT, and p.L55* in the Brazilian state of Paraiba, c.493+1G>A in Eastern Canada/Quebec, p.A489E in the USA, p.R384* in Poland, p.R344C and p.S518F in the Netherlands and suggested that variants c.525dupT, c.372-2G>A, and c.234+1G>A present in cis with c.564-98T>C and c.710C>A rare single-nucleotide polymorphisms, have been introduced by Portuguese settlers in Brazil. Altogether, our results provide insights into the origin, migration roots and founder effects of HGSNAT disease-causing variants, and reveal the evolutionary history of MPSIIIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Martins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Sandra Leistner-Segal
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre-HCPA, and Brazilian National Institute of Population Medical Genetics-INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Larbi Dridi
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nursel Elcioglu
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jill Wood
- Jonah's Just Begun-Foundation to Cure Sanfilippo Inc, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Mahdiyeh Behnam
- Medical Genetics Center of Genome, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Bilge Noyan
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lucia Lacerda
- Biochemical Genetics Unit, Institute of Medical Genetics Jacinto Magalhães, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Michael T Geraghty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratry Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Damian Labuda
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre-HCPA, and Brazilian National Institute of Population Medical Genetics-INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexey V Pshezhetsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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27
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Genome Editing as a Treatment for the Most Prevalent Causative Genes of Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102542. [PMID: 31126147 PMCID: PMC6567127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
: Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases with more than 250 causative genes. The most common form is retinitis pigmentosa. IRDs lead to vision impairment for which there is no universal cure. Encouragingly, a first gene supplementation therapy has been approved for an autosomal recessive IRD. However, for autosomal dominant IRDs, gene supplementation therapy is not always pertinent because haploinsufficiency is not the only cause. Disease-causing mechanisms are often gain-of-function or dominant-negative, which usually require alternative therapeutic approaches. In such cases, genome-editing technology has raised hopes for treatment. Genome editing could be used to i) invalidate both alleles, followed by supplementation of the wild type gene, ii) specifically invalidate the mutant allele, with or without gene supplementation, or iii) to correct the mutant allele. We review here the most prevalent genes causing autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa and the most appropriate genome-editing strategy that could be used to target their different causative mutations.
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28
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Antisense Oligonucleotide-Based Downregulation of the G56R Pathogenic Variant Causing NR2E3-Associated Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10050363. [PMID: 31083481 PMCID: PMC6562693 DOI: 10.3390/genes10050363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The recurrent missense variant in Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2 Group E Member 3 (NR2E3), c.166G>A, p.(Gly56Arg) or G56R, underlies 1%–2% of cases with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP), a frequent, genetically heterogeneous inherited retinal disease (IRD). The mutant NR2E3 protein has a presumed dominant negative effect (DNE) by competition for dimer formation with Cone-Rod Homeobox (CRX) but with abolishment of DNA binding, acting as a repressor in trans. Both the frequency and DNE of G56R make it an interesting target for allele-specific knock-down of the mutant allele using antisense oligonucleotides (AONs), an emerging therapeutic strategy for IRD. Here, we designed gapmer AONs with or without a locked nucleic acid modification at the site of the mutation, which were analyzed for potential off-target effects. Next, we overexpressed wild type (WT) or mutant NR2E3 in RPE-1 cells, followed by AON treatment. Transcript and protein levels of WT and mutant NR2E3 were detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot respectively. All AONs showed a general knock-down of mutant and WT NR2E3 on RNA and protein level, showing the accessibility of the region for AON-induced knockdown. Further modifications are needed however to increase allele-specificity. In conclusion, we propose the first proof-of-concept for AON-mediated silencing of a single nucleotide variation with a dominant negative effect as a therapeutic approach for NR2E3-associated adRP.
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29
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Kiser K, Webb-Jones KD, Bowne SJ, Sullivan LS, Daiger SP, Birch DG. Time Course of Disease Progression of PRPF31-mediated Retinitis Pigmentosa. Am J Ophthalmol 2019; 200:76-84. [PMID: 30582903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Variants in PRPF31, a splicing factor, are a common cause of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Deleterious variants are thought to cause disease by haploinsufficiency. In anticipation of upcoming replacement gene therapy trials, we present the phenotype and clinical progression of a large cohort of patients with PRPF31-mediated RP. DESIGN Cross-sectional with retrospective review. METHODS A total of 26 patients with RP and 5 asymptomatic individuals, all with deleterious variants in PRPF31 (from 13 families), were selected from our database of patients followed longitudinally. Ages ranged from 9 to 77 years (mean 47 years), with an average follow-up time of 16 years. All patients underwent ophthalmic examination including psychophysical tests, electrophysiology, and imaging. All available records were reviewed retrospectively. Additionally, all patients were contacted, and all available patients (n = 7) were examined in an additional prospective follow-up visit. RESULTS Age of onset ranged from 6 to 71 years, without apparent relationship to specific variant. Two adults (aged 42 and 77 years) and 3 teenaged children were found to harbor a mutation with no evidence of RP. In those with RP, visual field area (spot size III) declined exponentially at a rate of 8.1% per year of disease duration (P < .001, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.6-10.6), cone electroretinogram amplitude declined exponentially at a rate of 7.3% per year of disease duration (P < .001, 95% CI 5.4-9.1), and ellipsoid zone area declined exponentially at a rate of 5.4% per year of disease duration (P < .001, 95% CI 3.7-7.1). CONCLUSIONS PRPF31-mediated retinitis pigmentosa is characterized by a variable age of onset. Once disease develops, it follows a predictable exponential time course.
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Wheway G, Nazlamova L, Meshad N, Hunt S, Jackson N, Churchill A. A Combined in silico, in vitro and Clinical Approach to Characterize Novel Pathogenic Missense Variants in PRPF31 in Retinitis Pigmentosa. Front Genet 2019; 10:248. [PMID: 30967900 PMCID: PMC6438860 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
At least six different proteins of the spliceosome, including PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, and SNRNP200, are mutated in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). These proteins have recently been shown to localize to the base of the connecting cilium of the retinal photoreceptor cells, elucidating this form of RP as a retinal ciliopathy. In the case of loss-of-function variants in these genes, pathogenicity can easily be ascribed. In the case of missense variants, this is more challenging. Furthermore, the exact molecular mechanism of disease in this form of RP remains poorly understood. In this paper we take advantage of the recently published cryo EM-resolved structure of the entire human spliceosome, to predict the effect of a novel missense variant in one component of the spliceosome; PRPF31, found in a patient attending the genetics eye clinic at Bristol Eye Hospital. Monoallelic variants in PRPF31 are a common cause of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) with incomplete penetrance. We use in vitro studies to confirm pathogenicity of this novel variant PRPF31 c.341T > A, p.Ile114Asn. This work demonstrates how in silico modeling of structural effects of missense variants on cryo-EM resolved protein complexes can contribute to predicting pathogenicity of novel variants, in combination with in vitro and clinical studies. It is currently a considerable challenge to assign pathogenic status to missense variants in these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Wheway
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Liliya Nazlamova
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nervine Meshad
- Bristol Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Hunt
- Bristol Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Jackson
- Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Churchill
- Bristol Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Martin-Merida I, Aguilera-Garcia D, Fernandez-San JP, Blanco-Kelly F, Zurita O, Almoguera B, Garcia-Sandoval B, Avila-Fernandez A, Arteche A, Minguez P, Carballo M, Corton M, Ayuso C. Toward the Mutational Landscape of Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Comprehensive Analysis of 258 Spanish Families. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:2345-2354. [PMID: 29847639 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-23854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular basis of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) in Spanish families. Thus, we established the molecular characterization rate, gene prevalence, and mutational spectrum in the largest European cohort reported to date. Methods A total of 258 unrelated Spanish families with a clinical diagnosis of RP and suspected autosomal dominant inheritance were included. Clinical diagnosis was based on complete ophthalmologic examination and family history. Retrospective and prospective analysis of Spanish adRP families was carried out using a combined strategy consisting of classic genetic techniques and next-generation sequencing (NGS) for single-nucleotide variants and copy number variation (CNV) screening. Results Overall, 60% of our families were genetically solved. Interestingly, 3.1% of the cohort carried pathogenic CNVs. Disease-causing variants were found in an autosomal dominant gene in 55% of the families; however, X-linked and autosomal recessive forms were also identified in 3% and 2%, respectively. Four genes (RHO, PRPF31, RP1, and PRPH2) explained up to 62% of the solved families. Missense changes were most frequently found in adRP-associated genes; however, CNVs represented a relevant disease cause in PRPF31- and CRX-associated forms. Conclusions Implementation of NGS technologies in the adRP study clearly increased the diagnostic yield compared with classic approaches. Our study outcome expands the spectrum of disease-causing variants, provides accurate data on mutation gene prevalence, and highlights the implication of CNVs as important contributors to adRP etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Martin-Merida
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo Aguilera-Garcia
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose P Fernandez-San
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fiona Blanco-Kelly
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Zurita
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Berta Almoguera
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Blanca Garcia-Sandoval
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Avila-Fernandez
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Arteche
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Minguez
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Carballo
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Hospital de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Corton
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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Biallelic sequence and structural variants in RAX2 are a novel cause for autosomal recessive inherited retinal disease. Genet Med 2018; 21:1319-1329. [PMID: 30377383 PMCID: PMC6752271 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose RAX2 encodes a homeobox-containing transcription factor, in which four monoallelic pathogenic variants have been described in autosomal dominant cone-dominated retinal disease. Methods Exome sequencing in a European cohort with inherited retinal disease (IRD) (n = 2086) was combined with protein structure modeling of RAX2 missense variants, bioinformatics analysis of deletion breakpoints, haplotyping of RAX2 variant c.335dup, and clinical assessment of biallelic RAX2-positive cases and carrier family members. Results Biallelic RAX2 sequence and structural variants were found in five unrelated European index cases, displaying nonsyndromic autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (ARRP) with an age of onset ranging from childhood to the mid-40s (average mid-30s). Protein structure modeling points to loss of function of the novel recessive missense variants and to a dominant-negative effect of the reported dominant RAX2 alleles. Structural variants were fine-mapped to disentangle their underlying mechanisms. Haplotyping of c.335dup in two cases suggests a common ancestry. Conclusion This study supports a role for RAX2 as a novel disease gene for recessive IRD, broadening the mutation spectrum from sequence to structural variants and revealing a founder effect. The identification of biallelic RAX2 pathogenic variants in five unrelated families shows that RAX2 loss of function may be a nonnegligible cause of IRD in unsolved ARRP cases.
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Essilfie JO, Sanfilippo CJ, Sarraf D. BULL'S EYE MACULOPATHY WITH MUTATIONS IN RDS/PRPH2 AND ROM-1. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2018; 12 Suppl 1:S55-S58. [PMID: 29155698 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000000669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of bull's eye maculopathy associated with mutations in RDS/PRPH2 and ROM-1 genes. METHODS We present a case report of a patient with a characteristic maculopathy and describe the multimodal retinal imaging findings including spectral domain optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence and full-field electrophysiology. The results of genetic testing are also reported. RESULTS A 60-year-old woman presented with decreased vision and a remarkable bull's eye maculopathy with retinal examination. Fundus autofluorescence illustrated a striking pattern of speckled hyperautofluorescence and hypoautofluorescence that highlighted the bull's eye maculopathy in each eye and guided genetic testing, which confirmed a mutation of the RDS/PRPH2 gene and a novel mutation of the ROM-1 gene. CONCLUSION Multimodal imaging including fundus autofluorescence may guide genetic testing in patients with a characteristic maculopathy. RDS/PRPH2 genetic mutation can be associated with a bull's eye maculopathy with a signature fundus autofluorescence presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet O Essilfie
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christian J Sanfilippo
- Division of Retina, Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Sarraf
- Division of Retina, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, California
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Stegeman R, Hall H, Escobedo SE, Chang HC, Weake VM. Proper splicing contributes to visual function in the aging Drosophila eye. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12817. [PMID: 30003673 PMCID: PMC6156539 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in splicing patterns are a characteristic of the aging transcriptome; however, it is unclear whether these age-related changes in splicing facilitate the progressive functional decline that defines aging. In Drosophila, visual behavior declines with age and correlates with altered gene expression in photoreceptors, including downregulation of genes encoding splicing factors. Here, we characterized the significance of these age-regulated splicing-associated genes in both splicing and visual function. To do this, we identified differential splicing events in either the entire eye or photoreceptors of young and old flies. Intriguingly, aging photoreceptors show differential splicing of a large number of visual function genes. In addition, as shown previously for aging photoreceptors, aging eyes showed increased accumulation of circular RNAs, which result from noncanonical splicing events. To test whether proper splicing was necessary for visual behavior, we knocked down age-regulated splicing factors in photoreceptors in young flies and examined phototaxis. Notably, many of the age-regulated splicing factors tested were necessary for proper visual behavior. In addition, knockdown of individual splicing factors resulted in changes in both alternative splicing at age-spliced genes and increased accumulation of circular RNAs. Together, these data suggest that cumulative decreases in splicing factor expression could contribute to the differential splicing, circular RNA accumulation, and defective visual behavior observed in aging photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Stegeman
- Department of BiochemistryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana
- Present address:
University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMinnesota
| | - Hana Hall
- Department of BiochemistryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana
| | | | - Henry C. Chang
- Department of Biological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana
| | - Vikki M. Weake
- Department of BiochemistryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana
- Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana
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Azizzadeh Pormehr L, Daftarian N, Ahmadian S, Rezaei Kanavi M, Ahmadieh H, Shafiezadeh M. Human organotypic retinal flat-mount culture (HORFC) as a model for retinitis pigmentosa11. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6775-6783. [PMID: 29744916 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The splicing factor PRPF31 is the most commonly mutated general splicing factor in the retinitis pigmentosa. We used a rapid, convenient and cost effective transfection method with an efficient PRPF31 knockdown in HORFC in order to study the effect of PRPF31 downregulation on retinal gene expressions in an ex vivo model. Modified calcium phosphate method was used to transfect HORFC by PRPF31 siRNA. Different times and doses of siRNA for transfection were assayed and optimum condition was obtained. PRPF31 mRNA and protein downregulation were assessed by qRTPCR and Western blot. The tissue viability of HORFC was measured using the MTT. ImageJ analysis on stained retinal sections by immunohistochemistry was used for thickness measurement of outer nuclear photoreceptor layer. The PRPF31 gene downregulation effects on retinal specific gene expression were analyzed by qRTPCR. A total of 50 nM of PRPF31 siRNA transfection after 63 h in HORFC, showed the optimum reduction in the level of PRPF31 mRNA and protein as shown by qRTPCR and Western blot (over 90% and 50% respectively). The PRPF31 mRNA silencing with calcium phosphate had no effect on cell viability in the period of the experiment. Thickness measurement of outer nuclear photoreceptor layer with IHC showed the significant reduction after 63 h of study (P value = 0.02). siRNA induced PRPF31 knockdown, led to reduction of retinal specific mRNA gene expression involved in phototransduction (RHO, GNAT1, RP1), photoreceptor structure (ROM1, FSCN2, CA4, SEMA4) and transcription factor (CRX) (fold change >5), after 63 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Azizzadeh Pormehr
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narsis Daftarian
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Ahmadian
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Shafiezadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Zheng Y, Wang HL, Li JK, Xu L, Tellier L, Li XL, Huang XY, Li W, Niu TT, Yang HM, Zhang JG, Liu DN. A novel mutation in PRPF31, causative of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa, using the BGISEQ-500 sequencer. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:31-35. [PMID: 29375987 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.01.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the genes responsible for retinitis pigmentosa. METHODS A total of 15 Chinese families with retinitis pigmentosa, containing 94 sporadically afflicted cases, were recruited. The targeted sequences were captured using the Target_Eye_365_V3 chip and sequenced using the BGISEQ-500 sequencer, according to the manufacturer's instructions. Data were aligned to UCSC Genome Browser build hg19, using the Burroughs Wheeler Aligner MEM algorithm. Local realignment was performed with the Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK v.3.3.0) IndelRealigner, and variants were called with the Genome Analysis Toolkit Haplotypecaller, without any use of imputation. Variants were filtered against a panel derived from 1000 Genomes Project, 1000G_ASN, ESP6500, ExAC and dbSNP138. In all members of Family ONE and Family TWO with available DNA samples, the genetic variant was validated using Sanger sequencing. RESULTS A novel, pathogenic variant of retinitis pigmentosa, c.357_358delAA (p.Ser119SerfsX5) was identified in PRPF31 in 2 of 15 autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP) families, as well as in one, sporadic case. Sanger sequencing was performed upon probands, as well as upon other family members. This novel, pathogenic genotype co-segregated with retinitis pigmentosa phenotype in these two families. CONCLUSION ADRP is a subtype of retinitis pigmentosa, defined by its genotype, which accounts for 20%-40% of the retinitis pigmentosa patients. Our study thus expands the spectrum of PRPF31 mutations known to occur in ADRP, and provides further demonstration of the applicability of the BGISEQ500 sequencer for genomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Hai-Lin Wang
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110031, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jian-Kang Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Li Xu
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110031, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Laurent Tellier
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Li
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110031, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Huang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Wei Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Tong-Tong Niu
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110031, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Huan-Ming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Dong-Ning Liu
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110031, Liaoning Province, China
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Long-term clinical course of 2 Japanese patients with PRPF31-related retinitis pigmentosa. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2018; 62:186-193. [PMID: 29305715 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-017-0560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the long-term clinical course of 2 patients with PRPF31-related retinitis pigmentosa (RP). PATIENTS AND METHODS We clinically examined 2 unrelated patients with RP and collected peripheral blood samples from them. Ophthalmic examinations, including best-corrected visual acuity measurements, Goldmann perimetry, full-field electroretinography, fundus autofluorescence imaging, and optical coherence tomography, were also performed. The visual acuity and visual field were continuously monitored. To identify the causative mutations, 74 genes known to cause RP or Leber congenital amaurosis were examined via targeted next-generation sequencing. RESULTS The clinical courses of both patients were similar. The onset of nyctalopia occurred in the first decade. Fundus examination showed typical RP. Although the patients' visual acuity was relatively preserved even into the fourth decade, the visual field area exhibited rapid deterioration in the mid-teens, with severe concentric constriction in the third decade. Mutation analysis revealed PRPF31 mutations as the cause for autosomal dominant RP in both patients. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, few reports of long-term observations pertaining to patients with PRPF31-related RP have been published. The findings reported herein, especially those relating to the progressive degeneration of the visual field, may ultimately play a role in the provision of high-quality counseling for patients with this condition.
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Li T, Zhang ZJ, Ma X, Lv X, Xiao H, Guo QN, Liu HY, Wang HD, Wu D, Lou GY, Wang X, Zhang CY, Liao SX. Prenatal diagnosis for a Chinese family with a de novo DMD gene mutation: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8814. [PMID: 29390271 PMCID: PMC5815683 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) usually have severe and fatal symptoms. At present, there is no effective treatment for DMD, thus it is very important to avoid the birth of children with DMD by effective prenatal diagnosis. We identified a de novo DMD gene mutation in a Chinese family, and make a prenatal diagnosis. METHODS First, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was applied to analyze DMD gene exon deletion/duplication in all family members. The coding sequences of 79 exons in DMD gene were analyzed by Sanger sequencing in the patient; and then according to DMD gene exon mutation in the patient, DMD gene sequencing was performed in the family members. On the basis of results above, the pathogenic mutation in DMD gene was identified. RESULTS MLPA showed no DMD gene exon deletion/duplication in all family members. Sanger sequencing revealed c.2767_2767delT [p.Ser923LeufsX26] mutation in DMD gene of the patient. Heterozygous deletion mutation (T/-) at this locus was observed in the pregnant woman and her mother and younger sister. The analyses of amniotic fluid samples indicated negative Y chromosome sex-determining gene, no DMD gene exon deletion/duplication, no mutations at c.2767 locus, and the inherited maternal X chromosome different from that of the patient. CONCLUSION The pathogenic mutation in DMD gene, c.2767_2767delT [p.Ser923LeufsX26], identified in this family is a de novo mutation. On the basis of specific conditions, it is necessary to select suitable methods to make prenatal diagnosis more effective, accurate, and economic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Institute of Medical Genetics (Prenatal Diagnosis Center), People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Zhao-jing Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Stomatology
| | - Xue Lv
- Department of Health Management, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hai Xiao
- Institute of Medical Genetics (Prenatal Diagnosis Center), People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Qian-nan Guo
- Institute of Medical Genetics (Prenatal Diagnosis Center), People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Hong-yan Liu
- Institute of Medical Genetics (Prenatal Diagnosis Center), People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Hong-dan Wang
- Institute of Medical Genetics (Prenatal Diagnosis Center), People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Dong Wu
- Institute of Medical Genetics (Prenatal Diagnosis Center), People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Gui-yu Lou
- Institute of Medical Genetics (Prenatal Diagnosis Center), People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Medical Genetics (Prenatal Diagnosis Center), People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Chao-yang Zhang
- Institute of Medical Genetics (Prenatal Diagnosis Center), People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Shi-xiu Liao
- Institute of Medical Genetics (Prenatal Diagnosis Center), People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital
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Escher P, Passarin O, Munier FL, Tran VH, Vaclavik V. Variability in clinical phenotypes of PRPF8-linked autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa correlates with differential PRPF8/SNRNP200 interactions. Ophthalmic Genet 2017; 39:80-86. [DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2017.1393825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Escher
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olga Passarin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francis L. Munier
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Viet H. Tran
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Vaclavik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Hôpital Cantonal, Fribourg, Switzerland
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