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Zhu J, Xiao X, Du W, Cai Y, Yang Z, Yin Y, Wakisaka M, Wang J, Zhou Z, Liu D, Fang W. Leveraging microalgae as a sustainable ingredient for meat analogues. Food Chem 2024; 450:139360. [PMID: 38640528 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
As the world's population and income levels continue to rise, there is a substantial increase in the demand for meat, which poses significant environmental challenges due to large-scale livestock production. This review explores the potential of microalgae as a sustainable protein source for meat analogues. The nutritional composition, functional properties, and environmental advantages of microalgae are analyzed. Additionally, current obstacles to large-scale microalgal food production are addressed, such as strain development, contamination risks, water usage, and downstream processing. The challenges associated with creating meat-like textures and flavors using techniques like extrusion and emulsion formation with microalgae are also examined. Lastly, considerations related to consumer acceptance, marketing, and regulation are summarized. By focusing on improvements in cultivation, structure, sensory attributes, and affordability, microalgae demonstrate promise as a transformative and eco-friendly protein source to enhance the next generation of meat alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyu Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 Huayang West Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225127, China.
| | - Xue Xiao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 Huayang West Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Weihua Du
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 Huayang West Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Yifei Cai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 Huayang West Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Zhengfei Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 Huayang West Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Yongqi Yin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 Huayang West Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Minato Wakisaka
- Food Study Centre, Fukuoka Women's University, 1-1-1 Kasumigaoka, Fukuoka 813-8529, Japan
| | - Jiangxin Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zixin Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 Huayang West Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Dongqin Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 Huayang West Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Weiming Fang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 Huayang West Road, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou 225127, China
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Şirin PA, Serdar S. Effects of nitrogen starvation on growth and biochemical composition of some microalgae species. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:889-902. [PMID: 38285280 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrient sources for the growth of microalgae. We studied the effects of nitrogen starvation on the growth responses, biochemical composition, and fatty acid profile of Dunaliella tertiolecta, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and Nannochloropsis oculata. The lack of nitrogen caused changes in carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and fatty acid composition in all examined microalgae. The carbohydrate content increased 59% in D. tertiolecta, while the lipid level increased 139% in P. tricornutum under nitrogen stress conditions compared to the control groups. Nitrogen starvation increased the oligosaccharide and polysaccharide contents of D. tertiolecta 4.1-fold and 3.6-fold, respectively. Furthermore, triacylglycerol (TAG) levels in N. oculata and P. tricornutum increased 2.3-fold and 7.4-fold, respectively. The dramatic increase in the amount of TAG is important for the use of these microalgae as raw materials in biodiesel. Nitrogen starvation increased the amounts of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides of D. tertiolecta, while increased eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in N. oculata and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content in P. tricornutum. The amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), EPA, DHA, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides in microalgal species can be increased without using the too costly nitrogen source in the culture conditions, which can reduce the most costly of living feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Akdoğan Şirin
- Fatsa Faculty of Marine Science, Department of Fisheries Technology Engineering, Ordu University, 52400, Fatsa, Ordu, Turkey.
| | - Serpil Serdar
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, Ege University, 35030, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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Čmiková N, Kowalczewski PŁ, Kmiecik D, Tomczak A, Drożdżyńska A, Ślachciński M, Królak J, Kačániová M. Characterization of Selected Microalgae Species as Potential Sources of Nutrients and Antioxidants. Foods 2024; 13:2160. [PMID: 38998665 PMCID: PMC11241656 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are exceptional organisms from a nutritional perspective, boasting an array of bioactive compounds that have long justified their incorporation into human diets. In this study, we explored the potential of five microalgae species: Nannochloropsis sp., Tetraselmis chuii, Chaetoceros muelleri, Thalassiosira weissflogii, and Tisochrysis lutea. We conducted comprehensive analyses of their nutritional profiles, encompassing protein content, individual amino acid composition, mineral and trace element levels, fatty acid profiles (including saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)), polyphenol compositions, and vitamin B content. The antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extracts was evaluated using two methods: ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging assay. The total protein content of the microalgae ranged from 34.09 ± 0.39% to 42.45 ± 0.18%, with the highest concentration observed in T. weissflogii. Essential amino acids such as histidine, threonine, lysine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, and methionine were present in concentrations ranging from 0.53 ± 0.02 to 12.55 ± 2.21 g/16 g N. Glutamic acid emerged as the most abundant amino acid, with concentrations ranging from 6.73 ± 0.82 to 12.55 ± 2.21 g/16 g N. Among the microalgae species, T. chuii exhibited the highest concentrations of calcium (Ca) and manganese (Mn), while C. muelleri showed prominence in magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and iron (Fe). T. weissflogii stood out for its potassium (K) content, and T. lutea contained notable amounts of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb). Regarding fatty acid profiles, Nannochloropsis sp. and T. chuii were predominantly composed of SFA, while C. muelleri and T. weissflogii were rich in MUFA. PUFAs dominated the fatty acid profile of T. lutea, which also exhibited the most diverse range of polyphenolic substances. We also analyzed the B vitamin content, with T. lutea displaying the highest concentrations of niacin (B3) and riboflavin (B2). Antioxidant activity was confirmed for all microalgae tested using DPPH and ABTS radical IC50 (mg/mL) converted to Trolox equivalent (TEAC). These findings underscore the substantial potential of the examined microalgae species as sources of biologically valuable substances characterized by rapid growth and relatively undemanding cultivation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Čmiková
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dominik Kmiecik
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Aneta Tomczak
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Analysis, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 48 Mazowiecka St., 60-623 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Drożdżyńska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
| | - Mariusz Ślachciński
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, 4 Berdychowo St., 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jakub Królak
- Students' Scientific Club of Food Technologists, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, 01-043 Warszawa, Poland
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Li Y, Miros S, Eckhardt HG, Blanco A, Mulcahy S, Tiwari BK, Halim R. Freshwater microalgae Nannochloropsis limnetica for the production of β-galactosidase from whey powder. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14346. [PMID: 38906947 PMCID: PMC11192913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the first-ever reported use of freshwater Nannochloropsis for the bioremediation of dairy processing side streams and co-generation of valuable products, such as β-galactosidase enzyme. In this study, N. limnetica was found to grow rapidly on both autoclaved and non-autoclaved whey-powder media (referred to dairy processing by-product or DPBP) without the need of salinity adjustment or nutrient additions, achieving a biomass concentration of 1.05-1.36 g L-1 after 8 days. The species secreted extracellular β-galactosidase (up to 40.84 ± 0.23 U L-1) in order to hydrolyse lactose in DPBP media into monosaccharides prior to absorption into biomass, demonstrating a mixotrophic pathway for lactose assimilation. The species was highly effective as a bioremediation agent, being able to remove > 80% of total nitrogen and phosphate in the DPBP medium within two days across all cultures. Population analysis using flow cytometry and multi-channel/multi-staining methods revealed that the culture grown on non-autoclaved medium contained a high initial bacterial load, comprising both contaminating bacteria in the medium and phycosphere bacteria associated with the microalgae. In both autoclaved and non-autoclaved DPBP media, Nannochloropsis cells were able to establish a stable microalgae-bacteria interaction, suppressing bacterial takeover and emerging as dominant population (53-80% of total cells) in the cultures. The extent of microalgal dominance, however, was less prominent in the non-autoclaved media. High initial bacterial loads in these cultures had mixed effects on microalgal performance, promoting β-galactosidase synthesis on the one hand while competing for nutrients and retarding microalgal growth on the other. These results alluded to the need of effective pre-treatment step to manage bacterial population in microalgal cultures on DPBP. Overall, N. limnetica cultures displayed competitive β-galactosidase productivity and propensity for efficient nutrient removal on DPBP medium, demonstrating their promising nature for use in the valorisation of dairy side streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Li
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Svitlana Miros
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - Alfonso Blanco
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Shane Mulcahy
- Arrabawn Co-Operative Society Ltd., Nenagh, Co. Tipperary, Ireland
| | - Brijesh Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Ashtown Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Ronald Halim
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Zahran E, Elbahnaswy S, Ahmed F, Ibrahim I, Khaled AA, Eldessouki EA. Nutritional and immunological evaluation of Nannochloropsis oculata as a potential Nile tilapia-aquafeed supplement. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:65. [PMID: 37076908 PMCID: PMC10114411 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nannochloropsis oculata (N. oculata) is a marine microalga containing bioactive compounds and a high omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFAs). Therefore, it is very promising for nutraceutical and the functional food industry applications. Three groups of Nile tilapia (forty-five fish/group) were fed on basal diets or diets containing 5% (N5) or 10% (N10) of the microalga N. oculata for seven weeks. Fish growth performance, proximate composition, and lipid (fatty acids/ FAs and lipoproteins) profile were estimated. In addition, the expression pattern of some lipid metabolism and immune-relevant genes were assessed. An enhancement in whole body crude protein and growth indices of Nile tilapia was observed on both the supplemented groups N5 and N10. Higher levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL); and lower levels of the low-density lipoproteins (LDL) were evident in both supplemented groups, while the cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) levels were similar among groups. Ω-3 PUFAs were the significant FAs profile of tilapia fed on N. oculata-supplemented diets in terms of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and n3/n6 ratio. Concerning the gene expression pattern, heat-shock protein70, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were elevated significantly in both supplemented groups. IL-10 is only upregulated in the N10 group. The lipid metabolism-related gene expression showed downregulation of only fatty acid synthase (FAS) in both supplemented groups, with no statistical changes in Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and the apoptotic related genes [caspase3 and Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)] showed insignificant changes among groups. The histopathological examination of the intestine, liver, and spleen supports our findings and confirms the benefits and safeness of N. oculata dietary inclusion. Collectively, N. oculata is a very promising nutraceutical for improving fish health and sustainability of aquaculture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Zahran
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Samia Elbahnaswy
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Fatma Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Iman Ibrahim
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Khaled
- Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A Eldessouki
- Department of Fish Health and Diseases, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
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Thurn AL, Stock A, Gerwald S, Weuster-Botz D. Simultaneous photoautotrophic production of DHA and EPA by Tisochrysis lutea and Microchloropsis salina in co-culture. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:130. [PMID: 38647795 PMCID: PMC10991112 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine microalgae have received much attention as a sustainable source of the two health beneficial omega-3-fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5). However, photoautotrophic monocultures of microalgae can only produce either DHA or EPA enriched biomass. An alternative may be the photoautotrophic co-cultivation of Tisochrysis lutea as DHA-producer with Microchloropsis salina for simultaneous EPA production to obtain EPA- and DHA-rich microalgae biomass in a nutritionally balanced ratio. Photoautotrophic co-cultivation processes of T. lutea and M. salina were studied, applying scalable and fully controlled lab-scale gas-lift flat-plate photobioreactors with LED illumination for dynamic climate simulation of a repeated sunny summer day in Australia [day-night cycles of incident light (PAR) and temperature]. Monocultures of both marine microalgae were used as reference batch processes. Differences in the autofluorescence of both microalgae enabled the individual measurement, of cell distributions in co-culture, by flow cytometry. The co-cultivation of T. lutea and M. salina in artificial sea water with an inoculation ratio of 1:3 resulted in a balanced biomass production of both microalgae simultaneously with a DHA:EPA ratio of almost 1:1 (26 mgDHA gCDW-1, and 23 mgEPA gCDW-1, respectively) at harvest after depletion of the initially added fertilizer. Surprisingly, more microalgae biomass was produced within 8 days in co-cultivation with an increase in the cell dry weight (CDW) concentration by 31%, compared to the monocultures with the same amount of light and fertilizer. What is more, DHA-content of the microalgae biomass was enhanced by 33% in the co-culture, whereas EPA-content remained unchanged compared to the monocultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Thurn
- School of Engineering and Design, Chair of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Anna Stock
- School of Engineering and Design, Chair of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gerwald
- School of Engineering and Design, Chair of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Dirk Weuster-Botz
- School of Engineering and Design, Chair of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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Tran HD, Ong BN, Ngo VT, Tran DL, Nguyen TC, Tran-Thi BH, Do TT, Nguyen TML, Nguyen XH, Melkonian M. New Angled Twin-layer Porous Substrate Photobioreactors for Cultivation of Nannochloropsis oculata. Protist 2022; 173:125914. [PMID: 36270076 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2022.125914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An angled twin-layer porous substrate photobioreactor (TL-PSBR) using LED light was designed to cultivate Nannochloropsis oculata. Flocculation and sedimentation by modification of pH to 11 were determined as the optimal method for harvesting the N. oculata inoculum. The following optimised parameters were found: tilt angle 15°, Kraft 220 g m-2 paper as substrate material, initial inoculum density of 12.5 g m-2, 140 µmol photons m-2 s-1 light intensity, and a light/dark cycle of 6:6 (h). Test cultivation for 14 days was performed under optimised conditions. The total dried biomass standing crop was 75.5 g m-2 growth area with an average productivity of 6.3 g m-2 d-1, the productivity per volume of used culture medium was 126.2 mg/L d-1, total lipid content 21.9% (w/w), and the highest productivity of total lipids was 1.33 g m-2 d-1. The dry algal biomass contained 3% eicosapentaenoic acid (w/w), 3.7% palmitoleic acid (w/w), and 513 mg kg-1 vitamin E. The optimisation of N. oculata cultivation on an angled TL-PSBR system yielded promising results, and applications for commercial products need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Dung Tran
- Faculty of Biology and Environment, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, 140 Le Trong Tan Street, Tay Thanh Ward, Tan Phu District, 72009 Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Institute of Applied Research and Technology Transfer HUFI, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, 140 Le Trong Tan Street, Tay Thanh Ward, Tan Phu District, 72009 Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Binh-Nguyen Ong
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Nguyen-Tat-Thanh University, 298A-300A Nguyen-Tat-Thanh Street, District 04, Hochiminh City 72820, Viet Nam
| | - Vinh-Tuong Ngo
- Institute of Applied Research and Technology Transfer HUFI, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, 140 Le Trong Tan Street, Tay Thanh Ward, Tan Phu District, 72009 Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Dai-Long Tran
- Van Lang University, Nguyen Khac Nhu Street, Co Giang Ward, Distric 01, Hochiminh City 72820, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh-Cong Nguyen
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Nguyen-Tat-Thanh University, 298A-300A Nguyen-Tat-Thanh Street, District 04, Hochiminh City 72820, Viet Nam
| | - Bich-Huy Tran-Thi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Nguyen-Tat-Thanh University, 298A-300A Nguyen-Tat-Thanh Street, District 04, Hochiminh City 72820, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh-Tri Do
- Faculty of Biology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 280 An Duong Vuong Street, District Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Tran-Minh-Ly Nguyen
- Faculty of Business Administration, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Akademiestraße 6, Freiberg 09599, Germany
| | - Xuan-Hoang Nguyen
- International Medical Consultants Ltd. Company, No 9, Lot A, Group 100, Hoang Cau, O Cho Dua Ward, Dong Da District, Hanoi 11511, Viet Nam
| | - Michael Melkonian
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Group Integrative Bioinformatics, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
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Mixotrophy in a Local Strain of Nannochloropsis granulata for Renewable High-Value Biomass Production on the West Coast of Sweden. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070424. [PMID: 35877717 PMCID: PMC9316773 DOI: 10.3390/md20070424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A local strain of Nannochloropsis granulata (Ng) has been reported as the most productive microalgal strain in terms of both biomass yield and lipid content when cultivated in photobioreactors that simulate the light and temperature conditions during the summer on the west coast of Sweden. To further increase the biomass and the biotechnological potential of this strain in these conditions, mixotrophic growth (i.e., the simultaneous use of photosynthesis and respiration) with glycerol as an external carbon source was investigated in this study and compared with phototrophic growth that made use of air enriched with 1-2% CO2. The addition of either glycerol or CO2-enriched air stimulated the growth of Ng and theproduction of high-value long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA) as well as the carotenoid canthaxanthin. Bioassays in human prostate cell lines indicated the highest antitumoral activity for Ng extracts and fractions from mixotrophic conditions. Metabolomics detected betaine lipids specifically in the bioactive fractions, suggesting their involvement in the observed antitumoral effect. Genes related to autophagy were found to be upregulated by the most bioactive fraction, suggesting a possible therapeutic target against prostate cancer progression. Taken together, our results suggest that the local Ng strain can be cultivated mixotrophically in summer conditions on the west coast of Sweden for the production of high-value biomass containing antiproliferative compounds, carotenoids, and EPA.
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Tan FHP, Nadir N, Sudesh K. Microalgal Biomass as Feedstock for Bacterial Production of PHA: Advances and Future Prospects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:879476. [PMID: 35646848 PMCID: PMC9133917 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.879476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for biodegradable plastics has become the focus in combating the global plastic pollution crisis. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are renewable substitutes to petroleum-based plastics with the ability to completely mineralize in soil, compost, and marine environments. The preferred choice of PHA synthesis is from bacteria or archaea. However, microbial production of PHAs faces a major drawback due to high production costs attributed to the high price of organic substrates as compared to synthetic plastics. As such, microalgal biomass presents a low-cost solution as feedstock for PHA synthesis. Photoautotrophic microalgae are ubiquitous in our ecosystem and thrive from utilizing easily accessible light, carbon dioxide and inorganic nutrients. Biomass production from microalgae offers advantages that include high yields, effective carbon dioxide capture, efficient treatment of effluents and the usage of infertile land. Nevertheless, the success of large-scale PHA synthesis using microalgal biomass faces constraints that encompass the entire flow of the microalgal biomass production, i.e., from molecular aspects of the microalgae to cultivation conditions to harvesting and drying microalgal biomass along with the conversion of the biomass into PHA. This review discusses approaches such as optimization of growth conditions, improvement of the microalgal biomass manufacturing technologies as well as the genetic engineering of both microalgae and PHA-producing bacteria with the purpose of refining PHA production from microalgal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kumar Sudesh
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Vázquez-Romero B, Perales JA, de Vree JH, Böpple H, Steinrücken P, Barbosa MJ, Kleinegris DM, Ruiz J. Techno-economic analysis of microalgae production for aquafeed in Norway. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Ribeiro C, Santos ET, Costa L, Brazinha C, Saraiva P, Crespo JG. Nannochloropsis sp. Biorefinery: Recovery of Soluble Protein by Membrane Ultrafiltration/Diafiltration. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040401. [PMID: 35448371 PMCID: PMC9032216 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work proposes a way to maximize the potential of a Nannochloropsis sp. biorefinery process, through membrane technology, producing an extract enriched in soluble proteins, free from the insoluble protein fraction, with a low lipid content and eliminating the colored chlorophyll-a. This procedure, following the principles of a circular economy approach, allows for the valorization of a stream from the biorefining of Nannochloropsis sp. that, otherwise, would be considered a residue without commercial value. The process proposed minimizes fouling phenomena at the membrane surface, making it possible to achieve high permeate fluxes, thus reducing the need for membrane cleaning and, therefore, contributing to an extended membrane lifetime. Supernatant obtained after centrifugation of a suspension of ruptured Nannochloropsis sp. cells was processed by ultrafiltration using a membrane with a cut-off of 100 kDa MWCO. Two different operating approaches were evaluated—controlled transmembrane pressure and controlled permeate flux—under concentration and diafiltration modes. Ultrafiltration operated in a diafiltration mode, under controlled permeate flux conditions, led to the highest soluble protein recovery (78%) with the highest constant permeate flux (12 L·m−2·h−1) and low membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Ribeiro
- LAQV/Requimte, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (C.R.); (J.G.C.)
- A4F—Algae for Future, Campus do Lumiar, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, Edif. E, R/C, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Edgar T. Santos
- A4F—Algae for Future, Campus do Lumiar, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, Edif. E, R/C, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (E.T.S.); (C.B.); Tel.: +351-21-807-24-99 (E.T.S.); +351-21-294-83-85 (C.B.)
| | - Luís Costa
- A4F—Algae for Future, Campus do Lumiar, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, Edif. E, R/C, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Carla Brazinha
- LAQV/Requimte, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (C.R.); (J.G.C.)
- Correspondence: (E.T.S.); (C.B.); Tel.: +351-21-807-24-99 (E.T.S.); +351-21-294-83-85 (C.B.)
| | - Pedro Saraiva
- CIEPQPF, Chemical Engineering Department, FCT, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Dean of NOVA IMS, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1070-312 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João G. Crespo
- LAQV/Requimte, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (C.R.); (J.G.C.)
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12
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Sivakumar R, Sachin S, Priyadarshini R, Ghosh S. Sustainable production of EPA-rich oil from microalgae: Towards an algal biorefinery. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:4170-4185. [PMID: 35238451 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of sustainable natural resources such as microalgae has been considered for the production of biofuels, aquaculture feed, high-value bioactives such as omega-3 fatty acids, carotenoids, etc. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an omega-3 fatty acid present in fish oil, which is of physiological importance to both humans and fishes. Marine microalgae are sustainable sources of lipid rich in EPA and different species have been explored for the production of EPA as a single product. There has been a rising interest in the concept of a multi-product biorefinery, focusing on maximum valorization of the algal biomass. Targeting one or more value-added compounds in a biorefinery scenario can improve the commercial viability of low-value products like triglycerides for biofuel. This approach has been viewed by technologists and experts as a sustainable and economically feasible possibility for the large-scale production of microalgae for its potential applications in biodiesel and jet fuel production, nutraceuticals, animal and aquaculture feeds, etc. In this review paper, we describe the recent developments in the production of high-value EPA-rich oil from microalgae, emphasizing on the upstream and downstream bioprocess techniques, and the advantages of considering an EPA-rich oil based biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohith Sivakumar
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Sharika Sachin
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Rajashri Priyadarshini
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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13
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Huy M, Kristin Vatland A, Kumar G. Nutraceutical productions from microalgal derived compounds via circular bioeconomy perspective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126575. [PMID: 34923082 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Circular bioeconomy has become a sustainable business model for commercial production that promises to reuse, recycle & recover while considering less environmental footprints in nutraceutical industries. Microalgae biotechnology has the synergy to bioremediate waste stream while generating high-value-added compounds such as astaxanthin, protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids that are potential compounds used in various industries, thus, the integration of this approach provides economic advantages. However, since the industrial production of these compounds is costly and affected byunstable climate in the Nordic regions such as low temperature, light intensity, and polar circle, the focus of biosynthesis has shifted from less tolerant commercial strains towards indigenous strains. Nutraceutical productions such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and protein can now be synthesized at low temperatures which significantly improve the industry's economy. In this review, the above-mentioned compounds with potential strains were discussed based on a Nordic region's perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghour Huy
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience, and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Box 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ann Kristin Vatland
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience, and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Box 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience, and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Box 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger, Norway.
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14
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Halim R, Papachristou I, Chen GQ, Deng H, Frey W, Posten C, Silve A. The effect of cell disruption on the extraction of oil and protein from concentrated microalgae slurries. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126597. [PMID: 34990860 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Novel cell-disruption combinations (autolytic incubation and hypotonic osmotic shock combined with HPH or pH12) were used to investigate the fundamental mass transfer of lipids and proteins from Nannochloropsis slurries (140 mg biomass/g slurry). Since neutral lipids exist as cytosolic globules, their mass transfer was directly dependent on disintegration of cell walls. Complete recovery was obtained with complete physical disruption. HPH combinations exerted more physical disruption and led to higher yields than pH12. In contrast, proteins exist as both cytosolic water-soluble fractions and cell-wall/membrane structural fractions and have a complex extraction behaviour. Mass transfer of cytosolic proteins was dependent on cell-wall disintegration, while that of structural proteins was governed by cell-wall disintegration and severance of protein linkage from the wall/membrane. HPH combinations exerted only physical disruption and were limited to releasing soluble proteins. pH12 combinations hydrolysed chemical linkages in addition to exerting physical disruption, releasing both soluble and structural proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Halim
- Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany; Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Bioprocess Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany; School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Ioannis Papachristou
- Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - George Q Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Huining Deng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, PR China
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Clemens Posten
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Bioprocess Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Aude Silve
- Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
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15
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Gu W, Kavanagh JM, McClure DD. Towards a sustainable supply of omega-3 fatty acids: Screening microalgae for scalable production of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Co-production of fucoxanthin and lipid from Indonesian diatom and green algae growing on palm oil mill effluent under mixotrophic condition. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Kim M, Jeon S, Kang NK, Lee HG, Shin WS, Koh HG, Yun JH, Ahn CY, Oh HM, Chang YK. Molecular analysis of sugar transporters and glycolysis pathways in Ettlia sp. under heterotrophy using fructose and glucose. Biotechnol J 2021; 17:e2100214. [PMID: 34669258 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fructophilic behavior in microalgae is a rare trait that could benefit biorefineries by enabling substitution of carbon source with fructose, and our previous study identified that Ettlia sp. prefers fructose relative to glucose. In this study, by analyzing the transcription levels of genes related to sugar transport and the glycolysis pathway, the fructose utilization of Ettlia sp. was investigated. In a fructose-containing medium, the expression levels of fructokinase (EttFRK3) and glucokinase (EttGCK1 and EttGCK2) genes were significantly upregulated in heterotrophic cultivation of Ettlia sp. under fructose supplementation conditions. Further, a sugar transporter (EttSTF11) was significantly upregulated by 3.2-fold in 1 day, and this increase was analogous to the specific growth rate exhibited by the species. Subsequent cultivation tests with multi-sugar sources also showed a significant upregulation of EttSTF11 relative to other treatments without fructose. A phylogenetic tree derived from the analysis of different transporters of interest identified that EttSTF11 was adjacent to reference fructose transporters with a high bootstrap value of 71. Given that the transmembrane domains of EttSTF11 were analogous to those of reference fructose transporter genes, EttSTF11 appeared to play a critical role in fructose consumption and metabolism in Ettlia sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute for Bioscience and Bioengineering (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjib Jeon
- Research Institute of Industrial Technology Convergence, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 143 Hanggaul-ro, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kyu Kang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Hyung-Gwan Lee
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute for Bioscience and Bioengineering (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Sub Shin
- Advanced Biomass R&D Center, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gi Koh
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jin-Ho Yun
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute for Bioscience and Bioengineering (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Yong Ahn
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute for Bioscience and Bioengineering (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Mock Oh
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute for Bioscience and Bioengineering (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Keun Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Biomass R&D Center, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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18
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Hernández-López I, Benavente Valdés JR, Castellari M, Aguiló-Aguayo I, Morillas-España A, Sánchez-Zurano A, Acién-Fernández FG, Lafarga T. Utilisation of the marine microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. and Tetraselmis sp. as innovative ingredients in the formulation of wheat tortillas. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Gao F, Cabanelas ITD, Wijffels RH, Barbosa MJ. Fucoxanthin and docosahexaenoic acid production by cold-adapted Tisochrysis lutea. N Biotechnol 2021; 66:16-24. [PMID: 34500104 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tisochrysis lutea is an important microalgal species for fucoxanthin and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production with an optimum cultivation temperature of approximately 30 °C. The aim of the present work was to develop a winter strain with high productivity at 15 °C. The response of the original strain to a decrease in temperature from 30 °C to 15 °C was investigated in continuous turbidostat experiments. This was followed by adaptation for >180 days at 15 °C and 2 rounds of sorting for cells with high chlorophyll fluorescence (top 5%) using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). For the original strain the productivity of biomass, fucoxanthin, and DHA decreased by 92 %, 98 % and 85 % respectively when decreasing the temperature from 30 °C to 15 °C. In the sorted cold-adapted 'winter strain', biomass, fucoxanthin, and DHA productivities were similar to those at 30 °C. In addition, the fucoxanthin concentration increased from 1.11 to 4.24 mg g-1 dry weight and the polar lipid fraction in total fatty acids increased from 21 % to 55 %. The winter strain showed a robust and stable phenotype after one year of cultivation, expanding the outdoor fucoxanthin and lipid production seasons for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzheng Gao
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | | | - René H Wijffels
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands; Faculty Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, N-8049, Bodø, Norway.
| | - Maria J Barbosa
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands.
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20
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Carneiro M, Chini Zittelli G, Cicchi B, Touloupakis E, Faraloni C, Maia IB, Pereira H, Santos T, Malcata FX, Otero A, Varela J, Torzillo G. In situ monitoring of chlorophyll a fluorescence in Nannochloropsis oceanica cultures to assess photochemical changes and the onset of lipid accumulation during nitrogen deprivation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4375-4388. [PMID: 34319592 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In situ chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements were applied to monitor changes in the photochemical variables of Nannochloropsis oceanica cultures under nitrogen-deplete and nitrogen-replete (control) conditions. In addition, growth, lipid, fatty acid, and pigment contents were also followed. In the control culture, growth was promoted along with pigment content, electron transport rate (ETR), and polyunsaturated fatty acids, while total lipid content and fatty acid saturation level diminished. Under nitrogen-deplete conditions, the culture showed a higher de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle pigments. Fast transients revealed a poor processing efficiency for electron transfer beyond QA , which was in line with the low ETR due to nitrogen depletion. Lipid content and the de-epoxidation state were the first biochemical variables triggered by the change in nutrient status, which coincided with a 20% drop in the in situ effective quantum yield of PSII (ΔF'/Fm '), and a raise in the Vj measurements. A good correlation was found between the changes in ΔF'/Fm ' and lipid content (r = -0.96, p < 0.01). The results confirm the reliability and applicability of in situ fluorescence measurements to monitor lipid induction in N. oceanica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Carneiro
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Bernardo Cicchi
- CNR-IBE-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto per la BioEconomia, Florence, Italy
| | - Eleftherios Touloupakis
- CNR-IRET - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Faraloni
- CNR-IBE-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto per la BioEconomia, Florence, Italy
| | - Inês B Maia
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Hugo Pereira
- Green Colab-Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Tamára Santos
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Francisco X Malcata
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Otero
- USC-Instituto de Acuicultura and Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - João Varela
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Torzillo
- CNR-IBE-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto per la BioEconomia, Florence, Italy.,CIMAR-Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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21
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Fuchs T, Arnold ND, Garbe D, Deimel S, Lorenzen J, Masri M, Mehlmer N, Weuster-Botz D, Brück TB. A Newly Designed Automatically Controlled, Sterilizable Flat Panel Photobioreactor for Axenic Algae Culture. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:697354. [PMID: 34277591 PMCID: PMC8280782 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.697354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In context of the global climate change, microalgae processes are gaining momentum as a biotechnological tool for direct fixation and valorization of greenhouse gases. Algae have the metabolic capacity to photosynthetically convert CO2 into high value products, such as food additives, under economic boundary conditions. High cost, commercial flat panel gas-lift bioreactors for microalgae cultivation at laboratory scale provide either small volumes or no sterile operation, which limits academic research. This brief report presents initial data for a new type of sterile operating flat panel gas-lift bioreactor with a unique asymmetrical U-shape. It utilizes automatable process control technologies that adhere to industrial standards to enhance data reproducibility and aid industrial scale up. The practicability was demonstrated using a Chlorella sorokiniana cultivation, which showed the typical growth behavior. Due to the sophisticated implemented control engineering technology, pivotal parameters as pH and temperature can be determined within a range of ±0.1 units, which was confirmed experimentally. The new flat panel gas-lift photobioreactor presented in this brief report fills the technology gap at laboratory scale with an autoclavable volume of 7.2 L. Moreover, it is easy to rebuild by means of the hereby provided blueprint, while exhibiting a six-fold cost reduction compared to commercially available flat panel photobioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fuchs
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.,TUM-AlgaeTec Center, Technical University of Munich, Taufkirchen, Germany
| | - Nathanael D Arnold
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Daniel Garbe
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.,TUM-AlgaeTec Center, Technical University of Munich, Taufkirchen, Germany
| | - Simon Deimel
- Bürkert Werke GmbH & Co., KG, Systemhaus Ingelfingen, Ingelfingen, Germany
| | - Jan Lorenzen
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Masri
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Norbert Mehlmer
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Dirk Weuster-Botz
- TUM-AlgaeTec Center, Technical University of Munich, Taufkirchen, Germany.,Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas B Brück
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.,TUM-AlgaeTec Center, Technical University of Munich, Taufkirchen, Germany
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22
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Suominen S, van Vliet DM, Sánchez-Andrea I, van der Meer MTJ, Sinninghe Damsté JS, Villanueva L. Organic Matter Type Defines the Composition of Active Microbial Communities Originating From Anoxic Baltic Sea Sediments. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:628301. [PMID: 34025597 PMCID: PMC8131844 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.628301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon cycling in anoxic marine sediments is dependent on uncultured microbial communities. Niches of heterotrophic microorganisms are defined by organic matter (OM) type and the different phases in OM degradation. We investigated how OM type defines microbial communities originating from organic-rich, anoxic sediments from the Baltic Sea. We compared changes in the sediment microbial community, after incubation with different stable isotope labeled OM types [i.e., particulate algal organic matter (PAOM), protein, and acetate], by using DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP). Incorporation of 13C and/or 15N label was predominantly detected in members of the phyla Planctomycetes and Chloroflexi, which also formed the majority (>50%) of the original sediment community. While these phylum-level lineages incorporated label from all OM types, phylogenetic analyses revealed a niche separation at the order level. Members of the MSBL9 (Planctomycetes), the Anaerolineales (Chloroflexi), and the class Bathyarchaeota, were identified as initial degraders of carbohydrate-rich OM, while other uncultured orders, like the CCM11a and Phycisphaerales (Planctomycetes), Dehalococcoidia, and JG30-KF-CM66 (Chloroflexi), incorporated label also from protein and acetate. Our study highlights the importance of initial fermentation of complex carbon pools in shaping anoxic sediment microbial communities and reveals niche specialization at the order level for the most important initial degraders in anoxic sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Suominen
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, Netherlands
| | - Daan M. van Vliet
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research (WFBR), Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Marcel T. J. van der Meer
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, Netherlands
| | - Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, Netherlands
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Laura Villanueva
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, Netherlands
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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23
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A state-of-the-art review on the synthetic mechanisms, production technologies, and practical application of polyunsaturated fatty acids from microalgae. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Gao F, Sá M, Cabanelas ITD, Wijffels RH, Barbosa MJ. Improved fucoxanthin and docosahexaenoic acid productivities of a sorted self-settling Tisochrysis lutea phenotype at pilot scale. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 325:124725. [PMID: 33508680 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to select a Tisochrysis lutea phenotype with higher biomass and fucoxanthin productivities using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). A novel phenotype was obtained after 2 rounds of selection, based on high-fucoxanthin fluorescence. The resulting phenotype forms cell aggregates, has no flagella, and was stable after 15 months. Optimal temperature (30 °C) and light (300 µmol m-2 s-1) were obtained at laboratory scale, identical to the original strain. The biomass productivity was higher than the original strain: 1.9× at laboratory scale (0.4 L), and 4.5× under outdoor conditions (190 L). Moreover, compared to the original strain, the productivity of fucoxanthin increased 1.6-3.1× and docosahexaenoic acid 1.5-1.9×. These are the highest ever reported outdoor productivities, obtained with a robust new phenotype from a T. lutea monoculture isolated with FACS without genetic manipulation. The resulting phenotype shows high potential for industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzheng Gao
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Marta Sá
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - René H Wijffels
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Faculty Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, N-8049 Bodø, Norway
| | - Maria J Barbosa
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
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Menicucci F, Michelozzi M, Raio A, Tredici M, Cencetti G, Clemente I, Ristori S. Thymol-loaded lipid nanovectors from the marine microalga Nannochloropsis sp. as potential antibacterial agents. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gao F, Woolschot S, Cabanelas ITD, Wijffels RH, Barbosa MJ. Light spectra as triggers for sorting improved strains of Tisochrysis lutea. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124434. [PMID: 33257166 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is known that microalgae respond to different light colors, but not at single-cell level. This work aimed to assess if different light colors could be used as triggers to sort over-producing cells. Six light spectra were used: red + green + blue (RGBL), blue (BL), red (RL), green (GL), blue + red (BRL) and blue + green (BGL). Fluorescence-activated cell sorting method was used to analyse single-cell fluorescence and sort cells. BGL and RGBL lead to the highest fucoxanthin production, while RL showed the lowest. Therefore, it was hypothesized that hyper-producing cells can be isolated efficiently under the adverse condition (RL). After exposure to all light colors for 14 days, the top 1% fucoxanthin producing cells were sorted. A sorted strain from RL showed higher (16-19%) growth rate and fucoxanthin productivity. This study showed how light spectra affected single-cell fucoxanthin and lipid contents and productivities. Also, it supplied an approach to sort for high-fucoxanthin or high-lipid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzheng Gao
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Sep Woolschot
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - René H Wijffels
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Faculty Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, N-8049 Bodø, Norway
| | - Maria J Barbosa
- Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
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Guimarães AM, Guertler C, do Vale Pereira G, da Rosa Coelho J, Costa Rezende P, Nóbrega RO, do Nascimento Vieira F. Nannochloropsis spp. as Feed Additive for the Pacific White Shrimp: Effect on Midgut Microbiology, Thermal Shock Resistance and Immunology. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010150. [PMID: 33440774 PMCID: PMC7827307 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate Nannochloropsis spp. as feed additive in the diet of Pacific white shrimp for their effect on midgut microbiology, thermal shock resistance and immunological parameters. Initially, the digestibility of the microalgae meal was assessed, and the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) was determined. The ADC was, in general, high in lipids (78.88%) and eicosapentaenoic fatty acid (73.86%). Then, Nannochloropsis spp. were included in diets at four levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 2% inclusion). The shrimp were reared in 500 L clear water tanks containing 20 shrimp per tank with an initial weight of 6.05 ± 0.06 g and fed four times a day. Shrimp fed with supplemented diets containing Nannochloropsis spp. (0.5 and 2%) presented higher resistance to thermal shock when compared to the non-supplemented group (control). Shrimp fed with 1 and 2% of algae inclusion had a higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when compared to other treatments. No statistical difference was observed in the immunological parameters and microbiology of the intestinal tract. Thus, the inclusion of Nannochloropsis spp. in shrimp diets at 0.5 and 2% levels increases resistance to thermal shock and ROS production in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Martins Guimarães
- Laboratório de Camarões Marinhos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88061-600, Santa Catarina, Brazil; (A.M.G.); (J.d.R.C.); (P.C.R.)
| | - Cristhiane Guertler
- Campus São Bento do Sul, Instituto Federal Catarinense–São Bento do Sul, São Bento do Sul 89283-064, Santa Catarina, Brazil;
| | | | - Jaqueline da Rosa Coelho
- Laboratório de Camarões Marinhos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88061-600, Santa Catarina, Brazil; (A.M.G.); (J.d.R.C.); (P.C.R.)
| | - Priscila Costa Rezende
- Laboratório de Camarões Marinhos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88061-600, Santa Catarina, Brazil; (A.M.G.); (J.d.R.C.); (P.C.R.)
| | - Renata Oselame Nóbrega
- Laboratório de Nutrição de Espécies Aquícolas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88066-260, Santa Catarina, Brazil;
| | - Felipe do Nascimento Vieira
- Laboratório de Camarões Marinhos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88061-600, Santa Catarina, Brazil; (A.M.G.); (J.d.R.C.); (P.C.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-048-3721-4118
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Morales-Sánchez D, Schulze PSC, Kiron V, Wijffels RH. Temperature-Dependent Lipid Accumulation in the Polar Marine Microalga Chlamydomonas malina RCC2488. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:619064. [PMID: 33424911 PMCID: PMC7785989 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.619064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of cold-adapted microalgae offers a wide range of biotechnological applications that can be used for human, animal, and environmental benefits in colder climates. Previously, when the polar marine microalga Chlamydomonas malina RCC2488 was cultivated under both nitrogen replete and depleted conditions at 8°C, it accumulated lipids and carbohydrates (up to 32 and 49%, respectively), while protein synthesis decreased (up to 15%). We hypothesized that the cultivation temperature had a more significant impact on lipid accumulation than the nitrogen availability in C. malina. Lipid accumulation was tested at three different temperatures, 4, 8, and 15°C, under nitrogen replete and depleted conditions. At 4°C under the nitrogen replete condition C. malina had the maximal biomass productivity (701.6 mg L-1 day-1). At this condition, protein content was higher than lipids and carbohydrates. The lipid fraction was mainly composed of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the polar lipid portion, achieving the highest PUFA productivity (122.5 mg L-1 day-1). At this temperature, under nitrogen deficiency, the accumulation of carbohydrates and neutral lipids was stimulated. At 8 and 15°C, under both nitrogen replete and depleted conditions, the lipid and carbohydrate content were higher than at 4°C, and the nitrogen stress condition did not affect the algal biochemical composition. These results suggest that C. malina is a polar marine microalga with a favorable growth temperature at 4°C and is stressed at temperatures ≥8°C, which directs the metabolism to the synthesis of lipids and carbohydrates. Nevertheless, C. malina RCC2488 is a microalga suitable for PUFA production at low temperatures with biomass productivities comparable with mesophilic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Morales-Sánchez
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Peter S. C. Schulze
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
- Green Colab – Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Rene H. Wijffels
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Lima S, Schulze PSC, Schüler LM, Rautenberger R, Morales-Sánchez D, Santos TF, Pereira H, Varela JCS, Scargiali F, Wijffels RH, Kiron V. Flashing light emitting diodes (LEDs) induce proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids and pigments in three microalgae. J Biotechnol 2020; 325:15-24. [PMID: 33245925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
As the periodic emission of light pulses by light emitting diodes (LEDs) is known to stimulate growth or induce high value biocompounds in microalgae, this flashing light regime was tested on growth and biochemical composition of the microalgae Nannochloropsis gaditana, Koliella antarctica and Tetraselmis chui. At low flashing light frequencies (e.g., 5 and 50 Hz, Duty cycle = 0.05), a strain-dependent growth inhibition and an accumulation of protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, chlorophyll or carotenoids (lutein, β-carotene, violaxanthin and neoxanthin) was observed. In addition, a 4-day application of low-frequency flashing light to concentrated cultures increased productivities of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and specific carotenoids up to three-fold compared to continuous or high frequency flashing light (500 Hz, Duty cycle = 0.05). Therefore, applying low-frequency flashing light as finishing step in industrial production can increase protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids or pigment contents in biomass, leading to high-value algal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Lima
- Engineering Department, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, Palermo, Italy
| | - Peter S C Schulze
- Nord University, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Bodø, Norway; Green Colab - Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Lisa M Schüler
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ralf Rautenberger
- Department of Algae Production, Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research, Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Tamára F Santos
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Hugo Pereira
- Green Colab - Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - João C S Varela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Francesca Scargiali
- Engineering Department, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, Palermo, Italy
| | - René H Wijffels
- Nord University, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Bodø, Norway; Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Netherlands
| | - Viswanath Kiron
- Nord University, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Bodø, Norway.
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30
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Liu B, Eltanahy EE, Liu H, Chua ET, Thomas-Hall SR, Wass TJ, Pan K, Schenk PM. Growth-promoting bacteria double eicosapentaenoic acid yield in microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 316:123916. [PMID: 32768998 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
High-yielding microalgae present an important commodity to sustainably satisfy burgeoning food, feed and biofuel demands. Because algae-associated bacteria can significantly enhance or reduce yields, we isolated, identified and selected highly-effective "probiotic" bacterial strains associated with Nannochloropsis oceanica, a high-yielding microalga rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Xenic algae growth was significantly enhanced by co-cultivation with ten isolated bacteria that improved culture density and biomass by 2.2- and 1.56-fold, respectively (1.39 × 108 cells mL-1; 0.82 g L-1). EPA contents increased up to 2.25-fold (to 39.68% of total fatty acids). Added probiotic bacteria possessed multiple growth-stimulating characteristics, including atmospheric nitrogen fixation, growth hormone production and phosphorous solubilization. Core N. oceanica-dominant bacterial microbiomes at different cultivation scales included Sphingobacteria, Flavobacteria (Bacteroidetes), and α, γ-Proteobacteria, and added probiotic bacteria could be maintained. We conclude that the supplementation with probiotic algae-associated bacteria can significantly enhance biomass and EPA production of N. oceanica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingli Liu
- Laboratory of Applied Microalgae Biology, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Eladl E Eltanahy
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Phycology Laboratory, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia
| | - Elvis T Chua
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Skye R Thomas-Hall
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Taylor J Wass
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Kehou Pan
- Laboratory of Applied Microalgae Biology, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Peer M Schenk
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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31
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Xia Y, Zhang YT, Sun JY, Huang H, Zhao Q, Ren LJ. Strategies for enhancing eicosapentaenoic acid production: From fermentation to metabolic engineering. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Proteomic and Transcriptomic Patterns during Lipid Remodeling in Nannochloropsis gaditana. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186946. [PMID: 32971781 PMCID: PMC7554720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient limited conditions are common in natural phytoplankton communities and are often used to increase the yield of lipids from industrial microalgae cultivations. Here we studied the effects of bioavailable nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deprivation on the proteome and transcriptome of the oleaginous marine microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana. Turbidostat cultures were used to selectively apply either N or P deprivation, controlling for variables including the light intensity. Global (cell-wide) changes in the proteome were measured using Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) and LC-MS/MS, whilst gene transcript expression of the same samples was quantified by Illumina RNA-sequencing. We detected 3423 proteins, where 1543 and 113 proteins showed significant changes in abundance in N and P treatments, respectively. The analysis includes the global correlation between proteomic and transcriptomic data, the regulation of subcellular proteomes in different compartments, gene/protein functional groups, and metabolic pathways. The results show that triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation under nitrogen deprivation was associated with substantial downregulation of protein synthesis and photosynthetic activity. Oil accumulation was also accompanied by a diverse set of responses including the upregulation of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), lipase, and lipid body associated proteins. Deprivation of phosphorus had comparatively fewer, weaker effects, some of which were linked to the remodeling of respiratory metabolism.
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Morales-Sánchez D, Schulze PS, Kiron V, Wijffels RH. Production of carbohydrates, lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by the polar marine microalga Chlamydomonas malina RCC2488. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chua ET, Shekh AY, Eltanahy E, Thomas-Hall SR, Schenk PM. Effective Harvesting of Nannochloropsis Microalgae Using Mushroom Chitosan: A Pilot-Scale Study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:771. [PMID: 32766222 PMCID: PMC7381157 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
For efficient downstream processing, harvesting remains as one of the challenges in producing Nannochloropsis biomass, a microalga with high-value omega-3 oils. Flocculation is an effective, low-energy, low-cost method to harvest microalgae. Chitosan has been shown to be an effective food-grade flocculant; however, commercial chitosan is sourced from crustaceans, which has disadvantages including concerns over heavy-metal contamination. Thus, this study tests the flocculation potential of mushroom chitosan. Our results indicate a 13% yield of chitosan from mushroom. The identity of the prepared chitosan was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, results show that mushroom chitosan can be an alternative flocculant with >95% flocculation efficiency when tested in 100-mL jar and 200-L vertical column photobioreactor. Applications in a 2000-L raceway pond demonstrated that thorough mixing of mushroom chitosan with the algal culture is required to achieve efficient flocculation. With proper mixing, mushroom chitosan can be used to produce food-grade Nannochloropsis biomass suitable for the production of vegan omega-3 oils as a fish oil alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis T Chua
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ajam Y Shekh
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
| | - Eladl Eltanahy
- Algae Laboratory, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Skye R Thomas-Hall
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peer M Schenk
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Carneiro M, Cicchi B, Maia I, Pereira H, Zittelli GC, Varela J, Malcata FX, Torzillo G. Effect of temperature on growth, photosynthesis and biochemical composition of Nannochloropsis oceanica, grown outdoors in tubular photobioreactors. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Weise T, Grewe C, Pfaff M. Experimental and Model-Based Analysis to Optimize Microalgal Biomass Productivity in a Pilot-Scale Tubular Photobioreactor. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:453. [PMID: 32528939 PMCID: PMC7247861 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A dynamic coarse-grained model of microalgal growth considering light availability and temperature under discontinuous bioprocess operation was parameterized using experimental data from 15 batch cultivations of Nannochloropsis granulata in a pilot-scale tubular photobioreactor. The methodology applied consists of a consecutive two-step model parameter estimation using pooled, clustered and reorganized data to obtain initial estimates and multi-experiment fitting to obtain the final estimates, which are: maximum specific growth rate μmax = 1.56 d−1, specific photon half-saturation constant KS,ph = 1.89 molphgX-1d-1, specific photon maintenance coefficient mph = 0.346 molphgX-1d-1 and the cardinal temperatures Tmin = 2.3°C, Topt = 27.93°C and Tmax = 32.59°C. Biomass productivity prediction proved highly accurate, expressed by the mean absolute percent error MAPE = 7.2%. Model-based numerical optimization of biomass productivity for repeated discontinuous operation with respect to the process parameters cultivation cycle time, inoculation biomass concentration and temperature yielded productivity gains of up to 35%. This optimization points to best performance under continuous operation. The approach successfully applied here to small pilot-scale confirms an earlier one to lab-scale, indicating its transferability to larger scale tubular photobioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Weise
- Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Bioinformatics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,BioControl Jena GmbH, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Michael Pfaff
- Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Jena, Germany
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Evaluation of Microbial Load, Formation of Odorous Metabolites and Lipid Stability during Wet Preservation of Nannochloropsis gaditana Concentrates. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Wet preservation of algae allows us to bridge the time period between algae harvest and processing while avoiding the costs and nutritional losses associated with algae drying. This study aimed to identify suitable storage conditions for the wet preservation of Nannochloropsis gaditana concentrates. The impact of storage temperature, time and the way of closing the storage recipient was evaluated using a full factorial design. The effect of acetic acid addition was tested for one storage condition. Storage temperature was the main factor determining the microbial count and had a vast impact on the formation of odorous metabolites. Storage at 20 °C in closed recipients led to rapid O2 consumption, accumulation of malodorous short-chain fatty acids above their odor thresholds, and the production of H2S and methanethiol. These odorous metabolites were not formed or to a much lower extent during 4 °C and 8 °C storage in closed recipients. Acetic acid supplementation (50 mM) suppressed the formation of short-chain fatty acids during 8 °C storage in unsealed recipients and reduced the aerobic microbial count and the number of yeasts and molds by approximately one log unit after 14 days. Yet, acetic acid addition also induced lipid hydrolysis and decreased chlorophyll levels when algae were stored for more than one week. This study demonstrated that temperature control is needed and that acetic acid addition is a promising approach when N. gaditana concentrates are stored for less than one week.
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38
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Microalgae of the genus Nannochloropsis: Chemical composition and functional implications for human nutrition. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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39
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The potential productivity of the microalga, Nannochloropsis oceanica SCS-1981, in a solar powered outdoor open pond as an aquaculture feed. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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40
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Archer L, Mc Gee D, Paskuliakova A, McCoy GR, Smyth T, Gillespie E, Touzet N. Fatty acid profiling of new Irish microalgal isolates producing the high-value metabolites EPA and DHA. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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41
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Norsker N, Michiels M, Slegers P, Swinkels G, Barbosa M, Wijffels R. Productivity of Nannochloropsis oceanica in an industrial closely spaced flat panel photobioreactor. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Halim R, Hill DRA, Hanssen E, Webley PA, Martin GJO. Thermally coupled dark-anoxia incubation: A platform technology to induce auto-fermentation and thus cell-wall thinning in both nitrogen-replete and nitrogen-deplete Nannochloropsis slurries. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 290:121769. [PMID: 31323512 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-deprived Nannochloropsis cells invested their fixed carbon into the accumulation of triacylglycerol and cell wall cellulose (thickness of N-replete cell walls = 27.8 ± 5.8, N-deplete cell walls = 51.0 ± 10.2 nm). In this study, the effect of nitrogen depletion on the ability of the cells to weaken their own cell walls via autolysis was investigated. Autolytic cell wall thinning was achieved in both N-replete and N-deplete biomass by incubating highly concentrated slurries in darkness at 38 °C. The incubation forced cells to anaerobically ferment their intracellular cellulose and resulted in 30-40% reduction in cell wall thickness for both biomass types. This wall depletion weakened the cells and increased the extent of cell rupture by mechanical force (from 42 to 78% for N-replete biomass, from 36 to 62% for N-deplete biomass). Importantly, autolysis did not adversely impact the amino acid content of protein-rich N-replete biomass or the fatty acid content of lipid-rich N-deplete biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Halim
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - David R A Hill
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Eric Hanssen
- Advanced Microscopy Unit, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A Webley
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gregory J O Martin
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Di Lena G, Casini I, Lucarini M, Sanchez del Pulgar J, Aguzzi A, Caproni R, Gabrielli P, Lombardi-Boccia G. Chemical characterization and nutritional evaluation of microalgal biomass from large-scale production: a comparative study of five species. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Osorio H, Jara C, Fuenzalida K, Rey-Jurado E, Vásquez M. High-efficiency nuclear transformation of the microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica using Tn5 Transposome for the generation of altered lipid accumulation phenotypes. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:134. [PMID: 31168324 PMCID: PMC6545213 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the major problems in the production of lipids for biotechnological purposes using microalgae is maintaining a high productivity of these molecules without reducing cellular biomass. High production rates are usually obtained by cultivating microalgae under different stress conditions. However, many of these changes usually result in lower biomass productivity. Therefore, the optimization of the culture conditions and genetic modification techniques in these organisms is needed to generate robust new strains for profitable economic use. RESULTS In this work, we describe a new strategy for random mutation of genomic DNA in the microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica by insertion of a Transposome complex Tn5. This complex contains an antibiotic-resistance cassette commanded by a CMV viral promoter that allows high efficiency of transformation and the generation of mutants. This strategy, complemented with a large-scale identification and selection system for mutants, such as flow cytometry with cell selection, allowed us to obtain clonal cultures of mutants with altered phenotypes in the accumulation of intracellular lipids. The characterization of some of these mutants uncovered new genes that are likely to be involved in the regulation of lipid synthesis, revealing possible cellular responses that influence the intracellular homeostasis of lipids. CONCLUSION The strategies proposed here are easy to implement in different types of microalgae and provide a promising scenario for improving biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Osorio
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carol Jara
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Fuenzalida
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emma Rey-Jurado
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Vásquez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
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Schade S, Meier T. A comparative analysis of the environmental impacts of cultivating microalgae in different production systems and climatic zones: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Sidari R, Tofalo R. A Comprehensive Overview on Microalgal-Fortified/Based Food and Beverages. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1608557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Sidari
- Department of Agraria, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tofalo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Willer D, Aldridge DC. Microencapsulated diets to improve growth and survivorship in juvenile European flat oysters ( Ostrea edulis). AQUACULTURE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 505:256-262. [PMID: 30890854 PMCID: PMC6420816 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable expansion of aquaculture is critical to global food security, and bivalve shellfish aquaculture represents a sustainable method to provide people with affordable nutritious food. Oysters represent 54% of the global bivalve market by value, with propagation of juveniles within hatcheries critical to allow the industry to grow. Growth and survival of juvenile oysters in hatchery systems is constrained by suboptimal feed. The live algal feed currently used is expensive, of variable quality, contamination prone, and the high level of skill and equipment required limits where hatcheries can be located. We demonstrate how a novel microencapsulated diet can increase the growth and survivorship of Ostrea edulis (European flat oyster) juveniles in both the laboratory and hatchery setting. The microcapsules are easily produced in large quantities, stable for long term storage, and can be customised to have exceptionally high levels of nutrients key for oyster growth. O. edulis larvae fed a combined diet of microcapsules and algae for 8 days had a 46% greater increase in maximum size, 171% greater increase in minimum size, and 5% higher survival than larvae fed algae alone. O. edulis spat of 4 mm fed the combined diet for 7 weeks also had significantly greater survivorship (16% greater in hatchery, 58% greater in laboratory) and growth comparable (hatchery) or better (laboratory experiments) than algae alone. Further tailoring of the nutritional composition of microcapsules to specific bivalve species or growth stages could allow microcapsules to replace a greater proportion of or even completely replace algal diets. There is potential for these diets to revolutionise bivalve shellfish farming globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Willer
- Department of Zoology, The David Attenborough Building, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - David C Aldridge
- Department of Zoology, The David Attenborough Building, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom
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Current Bottlenecks and Challenges of the Microalgal Biorefinery. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:242-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Cezare-Gomes EA, Mejia-da-Silva LDC, Pérez-Mora LS, Matsudo MC, Ferreira-Camargo LS, Singh AK, de Carvalho JCM. Potential of Microalgae Carotenoids for Industrial Application. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 188:602-634. [PMID: 30613862 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-02945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae cultivation, when compared to the growth of higher plants, presents many advantages such as faster growth, higher biomass productivity, and smaller land area requirement for cultivation. For this reason, microalgae are an alternative platform for carotenoid production when compared to the traditional sources. Currently, commercial microalgae production is not well developed but, fortunately, there are several studies aiming to make the large-scale production feasible by, for example, employing different cultivation systems. This review focuses on the main carotenoids from microalgae, comparing them to the traditional sources, as well as a critical analysis about different microalgae cultivation regimes that are currently available and applicable for carotenoid accumulation. Throughout this review paper, we present relevant information about the main commercial microalgae carotenoid producers; the comparison between carotenoid content from food, vegetables, fruits, and microalgae; and the great importance and impact of these molecule applications, such as in food (nutraceuticals and functional foods), cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, feed (colorants and additives), and healthcare area. Lastly, the different operating systems applied to these photosynthetic cultivations are critically discussed, and conclusions and perspectives are made concerning the best operating system for acquiring high cell densities and, consequently, high carotenoid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleane A Cezare-Gomes
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bl. 16, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Lauris Del Carmen Mejia-da-Silva
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bl. 16, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Lina S Pérez-Mora
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bl. 16, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Matsudo
- Institute of Natural Resources, Federal University of Itajubá, Av. Benedito Pereira dos Santos, 1303, Itajubá, MG, 37500-903, Brazil
| | - Lívia S Ferreira-Camargo
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, R. Abolição, s/n° - Vila São Pedro, Santo André, SP, 09210-180, Brazil
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bl. 16, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Monteiro de Carvalho
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bl. 16, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil.
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Janssen JH, Lamers PP, de Vos RC, Wijffels RH, Barbosa MJ. Translocation and de novo synthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) during nitrogen starvation in Nannochloropsis gaditana. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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