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Aychiluhm SB, Mare KU, Ahmed KY, Demissie MS, Tadesse AW. Intimate Partner Violence and its associated factors among pregnant women receiving antenatal care. A Bayesian analysis approach. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304498. [PMID: 38990846 PMCID: PMC11239075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a major public health problem worldwide. In developing nations, including Ethiopia, the problem is under-reported and under-estimated. Therefore, this study attempts to assess intimate partner violence and its associated factors among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at public hospitals in Amhara region, Ethiopia. METHODS A health facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed. A sample of 418 pregnant women was selected using random sampling technique from 1st May to 1st June 2021. IPV was measured using the World Health Organization (WHO) Multi-country study of violence against women assessment tool. Data were entered into Epi-data 3.1 and exported into Stata 17 for further analysis. A Bayesian multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out from the posterior distribution, and an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% credible interval (CrI) was used to declare statistically significant variables. RESULTS The prevalence of any IPV among pregnant women was 31.3% [95% CrI 26.6%, 36.1%]. After adjusting a range of covariates, IPV during pregnancy was more likely among women whose husbands used substances [AOR = 4.33: 95% CrI 1.68, 8.95] and household decisions made by husbands only [AOR = 6.45: 95% CI 3.01, 12.64]. Conversely, pregnant women who attended primary [AOR = 0.47: 95% CrI 0.24, 0.81] and secondary [AOR = 0.64: 95% CrI 0.41, 0.92] educational levels, women who had four or more ANC visits antenatal care visits [AOR = 0.43: 95% CrI 0.25, 0.68], and women with no prior history of adverse birth outcomes [AOR = 0.48: 95% CI 0.27, 0.80] were less likely to experience IPV during pregnancy. CONCLUSION The study revealed a relatively high prevalence of any IPV among pregnant women, with factors such as substance use by husbands and limited decision-making autonomy associated with increased IPV likelihood. Conversely, women with higher education levels, four and above antenatal care attendance, and no history of adverse birth outcomes showed a reduced likelihood of experiencing IPV during pregnancy. Therefore, targeted interventions to address substance use, empower women in decision-making, and promote education and healthcare access to mitigate IPV risk during pregnancy are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setognal Birara Aychiluhm
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Kusse Urmale Mare
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Y Ahmed
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Mahlet Seifu Demissie
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abay Woday Tadesse
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Dream Science and Technology College, Dessie, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
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Sabri B, Mani SS, Kaduluri VPS. Integrated domestic violence and reproductive health interventions in India: a systematic review. Reprod Health 2024; 21:94. [PMID: 38951870 PMCID: PMC11218333 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-024-01830-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domestic violence is a leading cause of poor health outcomes during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Therefore, there is a need for integrated domestic violence interventions in reproductive health care settings. India has one of the highest maternal and child mortality rates. This review aimed to identify characteristics of existing evidence-based integrated domestic violence and reproductive healthcare interventions in India to identify gaps and components of interventions that demonstrate effectiveness for addressing domestic violence. METHODS A systematic review of intervention studies was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Three research team members performed independent screening of title, abstracts and full-texts. RESULTS The search resulted in 633 articles, of which 13 articles met inclusion criteria for full text screening and analysis. Common components of integrated violence and reproductive health interventions that were effective in addressing domestic violence included: psychoeducation/education (n = 5), skill building (n = 5), counseling (n = 5), engaging stakeholders with use of trained lay peer facilitators (n = 3), and engaging male spouses (n = 3). CONCLUSIONS Interventions in India for domestic violence that are integrated with reproductive health care remain few, and there are fewer with effective outcomes for domestic violence. Of those with effective outcomes, all of the interventions utilized psychoeducation/education, skill building, and counseling as part of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Sabri
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 525 North Wolfe Street, Room N530L, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Serena Sloka Mani
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Anyango J, Renbarger KM. Thematic Synthesis of the Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence Among Mothers Who Use Substances. Nurs Womens Health 2024:S1751-4851(24)00084-9. [PMID: 38823784 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwh.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To integrate the findings of qualitative research to describe the experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) among mothers who use substances. DATA SOURCES A systematic search of the literature was conducted using the databases of the American Psychological Association PsycINFO, CINAHL, and PubMed along with a manual search of Google Scholar. STUDY SELECTION The Joanne Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for qualitative research criteria was used to assess the studies for selection. Inclusion criteria comprised (a) qualitative research, (b) available in English, (c) published in peer-reviewed journals, (d) inclusive of descriptions of IPV experienced by mothers who use substances, (e) conducted in the United States, and (f) published between January 2013 and October 2023. DATA EXTRACTION The researchers highlighted and extracted data from studies that met the inclusion criteria. Data describing IPV among mothers who use substances were extracted. DATA SYNTHESIS A thematic synthesis was used to integrate the findings using three stages and included (a) free line-by-line coding of the findings of the primary studies, (b) the development of the free codes into associated areas to construct descriptive subthemes, and (c) the development of overarching analytic themes. CONCLUSION Findings from 11 qualitative studies were synthesized. Four descriptive subthemes emerged to delineate the experiences of IPV in mothers who use substances: Experience of Various Types of IPV, Lack of Structures to Identify and Address IPV, Coping With Violence by Taking Substances, and Substance Use Influences Behaviors of IPV. Nurses who work with mothers who use substances should be knowledgeable about local resources for IPV, complete ongoing educational training for IPV screening, and be familiar with recommended guidelines for the routine assessment of IPV.
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Mulatu T, Dessie Y, Abera M. Multi-level analysis of intimate partner violence and its determinants among reproductive age group women in Ethiopia: evidence from Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey, 2016. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1391. [PMID: 38783247 PMCID: PMC11118745 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) is recognized as a main public health challenge, with serious consequences for women's physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health. Despite its public health importance, most studies of IPV in Ethiopia mainly focused on individual characteristics and didn't identify how factors operating at different levels affect IPV. Thus, there is limited evidence regarding the hierarchical-level factors of IPV and the effect of individual and community-level determinants of IPV. The aim of this study is to assess the individual and community-level factors associated with violence against women among ever-married reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. METHODS A retrospective analysis of secondary data retrieved from the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey was conducted among reproductive age group women (15-49 years of age) who reported ever being married within the available data set for the domestic violence module. STATA 14 was used to conduct the analysis. A two-level mixed-effects logistic regression analysis was used to determine associations between IPV and individual- and community-level factors. IPV variability across the community was assessed using ICC and PCV. The model's fitness was assessed using the Akaike information criterion (AIC), the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), and the likelihood ratio test. RESULT The life time prevalence of IPV in this study was 33% [95% CI: 30.74, 34.25]. Women's age 20-24 (AOR = 5.85, 95% CI: 201 3.10, 11.04), 25-29 age group (AOR = 6.41, 95% CI; 3.34, 12.32), 30-34 age group (AOR = 9.48, 95% CI: 4.71, 19.06), 35-39 age group (AOR = 9.88, 95% CI: 4.79, 20.39), 40-44 age group (AOR = 11.10, 95% CI: 5.16, 23.89), and 45-49, (AOR = 14.15, 95% CI: 6.01, 32.80), early marriage (AOR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.47), witnessing inter-parental violence during childhood (AOR = 2.80, 95% CI: 2.16, 3.96), having a lot of living children (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.74), having a partner who drank alcohol (AOR = 3.00, 95% CI: 2.42-3.67), decision-making autonomy of the women (AOR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.97), Poor wealth index (AOR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.18), middle wealth index (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.36, 2.54) and exposure to media (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.00) were all significantly associated with IPV. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION This study showed that one-third of the women experienced IPV in their lifetime. The finding suggested that community based interventions and multi-sectorial collaborations are needed to reduce the IPV and its adverse consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teshale Mulatu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
| | - Yadeta Dessie
- School of Public health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Muluemebet Abera
- Department of Population and Family Health, institute of health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Schellhammer SK, Starnes JR, Mudhune S, Goore L, Marlar L, Oyugi S, Wamae J, Shumba CS, Rogers A, Mbeya J, Vill B, Otieno AS, Wamai RG, Were LPO. Interpersonal violence against women and maternity care in Migori County, Kenya: evidence from a cross-sectional survey. Front Glob Womens Health 2024; 5:1345153. [PMID: 38784942 PMCID: PMC11111867 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2024.1345153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Interpersonal violence (IPV) is an issue of major public health concern, with 24% of Kenyan women reporting physical violence perpetrated by a current husband or partner. IPV has profound impacts on physical and mental health outcomes, particularly for pregnant women; it has been found to increase the risk of perinatal mortality, low birth weight, and preterm birth. This study aims to identify variables associated with IPV and assess the effects of IPV experience on prenatal and peripartum maternal healthcare in Migori County, Kenya. Findings build on a previous study that investigated a smaller region of Migori County. Methods Responses to cross-sectional household surveys conducted in six wards of Migori County, Kenya in 2021 from female respondents aged 18 and older were analyzed. The survey contained validated screening tools for interpersonal violence. Group-wise comparisons, and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to describe community prevalence, factors associated with IPV against women, and the effect of IPV exposure on prenatal and peripartum health care. Results This study finds that 2,306 (36.7%) of the 6,290 respondents had experienced lifetime IPV. IPV experience was associated with the age group 25-49 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.208; 95%CI: [1.045-1.397]; p = 0.011), monogamous marriage [aOR 2.152; 95%CI: (1.426-3.248); p < 0.001], polygamous marriage [aOR 2.924; 95%CI: (1.826-4.683); p < 0.001], being widowed/divorced/separated [aOR 1.745; 95%CI: (1.094-2.786); p < 0.001], feeling an attitude of "sometimes okay" toward wife beating [aOR 2.002 95%CI: (1.651, 2.428); p < 0.001], having been exposed to IPV in girlhood [aOR 2.525; 95%CI: (2.202-2.896); p < 0.001] and feeling safe in the current relationship [aOR 0.722; 95%CI: (0.609, 0.855); p < 0.001]. A depression score of mild [aOR 1.482; 95%CI: (1.269, 1.73); p < 0.001] and severe [aOR 2.403; 95%CI: (1.429, 4.039); p = 0.001] was also associated with IPV experience, and women who experienced emotional abuse were much more likely to have experienced IPV [aOR 10.462; 95% CI: (9.037, 12.112); p < 0.001]. Adjusted analyses showed that having experienced IPV was negatively associated with attending at least four antenatal care visits during the most recent pregnancy (OR 0.849, p = 0.044) and with having a skilled birth attendant (OR 0.638, p = 0.007). Conclusions IPV is prevalent in Migori County, Kenya, with increased prevalence among women aged 25-49, those residing in West Kanyamkago, those in a monogamous or polygamous marriage, those who have been widowed/divorced/separated, and those with severe depressive symptoms. Further, IPV exposure is associated with lower use of maternal care services and may lead to worse maternal health outcomes. There is need for enhanced effort in addressing social and gender norms that perpetuate IPV, and this study can contribute to guiding policy interventions and community responses towards IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph R. Starnes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- Lwala Community Alliance, Rongo, Kenya
| | | | - Lou Goore
- Lwala Community Alliance, Rongo, Kenya
| | | | | | | | - Constance S. Shumba
- Division of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | | | - Beffy Vill
- Department of Health Services, Migori County, Kenya
| | | | - Richard G. Wamai
- Department of Cultures, Societies, and Global Studies, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lawrence P. O. Were
- Department of Health Sciences & Department of Global Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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Wei X, Wang W, Law YW, Zhang H. The Impacts of Intimate Partner Violence on Postpartum Depression: An Updated Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:1531-1550. [PMID: 37480328 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231188068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The associations between intimate partner violence (IPV) and postpartum depression (PPD) have been well established in previous reviews. However, none has explored potential differences between IPV subtypes or exposure times, which could help healthcare providers recognize the adverse impacts of various IPV subtypes and conduct comprehensive IPV screening. This study aimed to estimate the impacts of overall IPV and its subtypes (physical, psychological, and sexual) on PPD using an updated meta-analysis and to examine the potential role of IPV exposure time and regional income levels. Four English databases (Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science) and two Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI] and Wanfang Database) were systematically searched. We included 76 studies with 388,966 samples. Random-effects models were used to pool the odds ratios (ORs) across studies. Overall, IPV and its subtypes had statistically significant impacts on PPD (overall: OR = 2.50, physical: OR = 2.31, psychological: OR = 2.22, sexual: OR = 1.75). A higher impact of IPV on PPD was observed in middle- and low-income regions (OR = 3.01) than in high-income regions (OR = 1.92). IPV during pregnancy (OR = 2.73) had a greater impact on PPD than lifetime IPV (OR = 2.24). This study provides updated evidence for the significant impact of IPV and its subtypes and exposure time on PPD. Women at risk of exposure to physical IPV, especially during pregnancy, are in urgent need of support to reduce the risk of PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wei
- The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | - Yik Wa Law
- The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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7
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Bhatt Carreno S, Orjuela-Grimm M, Vahedi L, Roesch E, Heckman C, Beckingham A, Gayford M, Meyer SR. Linkages between maternal experience of intimate partner violence and child nutrition outcomes: A rapid evidence assessment. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298364. [PMID: 38498450 PMCID: PMC10947923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A strong evidence base indicates that maternal caregivers' experience of intimate partner violence [IPV] impacts children's health, cognitive development, and risk-taking behaviors. Our objective was to review peer-reviewed literature describing the associations between a child's indirect exposure to IPV and corresponding nutrition outcomes, with a particular focus on fragile settings in low and middle-income countries [LMICs]. METHODS We conducted a rapid evidence assessment to synthesize quantitative associations between maternal caregivers' IPV experience and children's nutrition/growth outcomes (birthweight, feeding, and growth indicators). We included peer-reviewed research, published in English or Spanish after the year 2000, conducted in fragile settings in LMICs. RESULTS We identified 86 publications that fit inclusion criteria. Amongst all associations assessed, a maternal caregiver's experience of combined forms of IPV (physical, sexual and emotional) or physical IPV only, were most consistently associated with lower birthweight, especially during pregnancy. Women of child-bearing age, including adolescents, exposed to at least one type of IPV showed a decreased likelihood of following recommended breastfeeding practices. Lifetime maternal experience of combined IPV was significantly associated with stunting among children under 5 years of age in the largest study included, though findings in smaller studies were inconsistent. Maternal experience of physical or combined IPV were inconsistently associated with underweight or wasting in the first five years. Maternal experience of sexual IPV during pregnancy appeared to predict worsened lipid profiles among children. CONCLUSION Maternal caregivers' experience of IPV is significantly associated with low birthweight and suboptimal breastfeeding practices, whereas studies showed inconsistent associations with child growth indicators or blood nutrient levels. Future research should focus on outcomes in children aged 2 years and older, investigation of feeding practices beyond breastfeeding, and examination of risk during time periods physiologically relevant to the outcomes. Programmatic implications include incorporation of GBV considerations into nutrition policies and programming and integrating GBV prevention and response into mother and child health and nutrition interventions in LMIC contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bhatt Carreno
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Manuela Orjuela-Grimm
- Department of Epidemiology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Luissa Vahedi
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Megan Gayford
- UNICEF, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah R. Meyer
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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Liddell JL, Buscaglia A, Doria CM, Weekley A, Mascarena L. "I Need Help With the Abortion, so I Won't Have to Ever See or Hear From Him Again": Relationship Barriers Faced by Abortion Fund Applicants in the Rocky Mountain West. Violence Against Women 2024:10778012241236671. [PMID: 38439713 DOI: 10.1177/10778012241236671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
To explore the factors impacting abortion access for abortion fund clients, data from 816 applicants was analyzed using a summative content analysis approach. Nine relationship themes emerged for applicants who cited their partner as a significant factor in their abortion decision-making, including (a) power and control, (b) fear and safety concerns, (c) leaving the relationship, (d) barriers to accessing care, (e) sexual violence, (f) perpetration and victimization, (g) having an unsupportive partner, (h) being partnerless, and (i) having a supportive partner. Abortion funds are a potential resource for those experiencing intimate partner violence and can support survivors through confidential care and referrals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Buscaglia
- University of Montana Department of Psychology, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Celina M Doria
- Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Laila Mascarena
- University of Montana School of Social Work-Alumni, Missoula, MT, USA
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Kassahun EA, Gebreyesus SH, Tesfamariam K, Endris BS, Roro MA, Getnet Y, Hassen HY, Brusselaers N, Coenen S. Development and validation of a simplified risk prediction model for preterm birth: a prospective cohort study in rural Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4845. [PMID: 38418507 PMCID: PMC10901814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is one of the most common obstetric complications in low- and middle-income countries, where access to advanced diagnostic tests and imaging is limited. Therefore, we developed and validated a simplified risk prediction tool to predict preterm birth based on easily applicable and routinely collected characteristics of pregnant women in the primary care setting. We used a logistic regression model to develop a model based on the data collected from 481 pregnant women. Model accuracy was evaluated through discrimination (measured by the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve; AUC) and calibration (via calibration graphs and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test). Internal validation was performed using a bootstrapping technique. A simplified risk score was developed, and the cut-off point was determined using the "Youden index" to classify pregnant women into high or low risk for preterm birth. The incidence of preterm birth was 19.5% (95% CI:16.2, 23.3) of pregnancies. The final prediction model incorporated mid-upper arm circumference, gravidity, history of abortion, antenatal care, comorbidity, intimate partner violence, and anemia as predictors of preeclampsia. The AUC of the model was 0.687 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.75). The calibration plot demonstrated a good calibration with a p-value of 0.713 for the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test. The model can identify pregnant women at high risk of preterm birth. It is applicable in daily clinical practice and could contribute to the improvement of the health of women and newborns in primary care settings with limited resources. Healthcare providers in rural areas could use this prediction model to improve clinical decision-making and reduce obstetrics complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eskeziaw Abebe Kassahun
- Department of Family Medicine & Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Seifu Hagos Gebreyesus
- Departmentof of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kokeb Tesfamariam
- Department of Food Technology, Safety, and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bilal Shikur Endris
- Departmentof of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Meselech Assegid Roro
- Department of Reproductive Health and Health Service Management, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yalemwork Getnet
- Departmentof of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hamid Yimam Hassen
- Department of Family Medicine & Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nele Brusselaers
- Global Health Institute, Department of Family Medicine & Population Health, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samuel Coenen
- Centre for General Practice, Department of Family Medicine & Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
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Gebreslasie KZ, Gebre G, Zenebe D, Nardos R, Birhane A. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and its association with birth asphyxia in hospitals of Tigray region, Ethiopia. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:113. [PMID: 38350920 PMCID: PMC10863259 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birth asphyxia is the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Some studies indicate intimate partner violence during pregnancy is a risk factor for birth asphyxia. In Ethiopia, intimate partner violence during pregnancy is reported to be high. Despite this high prevalence, there is a lack of data about the association of birth asphyxia and intimate partner violence. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of intimate partner violence during pregnancy and its associated factors with birth asphyxia in health facilities in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia. METHODS This was an institutional-based cross-sectional study conducted at select health facilities in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. Random sampling technique was employed to select health facilities and systematic sampling was used to select 648 study participants. Data was entered by using Epi info version 3.5.1 and was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done to assess the association between exposure to intimate partner violence during pregnancy and birth asphyxia after adjusting for possible confounders. RESULTS The prevalence of intimate partner violence during pregnancy was 47(7.3%). Eighty two (12.7%) babies were delivered with birth asphyxia. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy had a significant association with birth asphyxia, AOR (95% CI) = 4.4(2-9.8). In addition to this, other factors that were associated with birth asphyxia include place of residence [ AOR (95% CI) = 2.7(1.55-4.8)], age > 19 [AOR (95% CI) = 2.9(1.29-6.5)], age 20-35 [AOR (95% CI) = 3.1(1.06-9.3)], gestational age < 37 weeks [AOR(95% CI) = 7.2(3.5-14.8)] and low birth weight [AOR(95% CI) = 3.9(2.1-7.3)]. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of birth asphyxia in this study is high and is further increased by intimate partner violence during pregnancy. Health care providers and policy makers should take measures aimed at preventing intimate partner violence during pregnancy to reduce harm to the mother and adverse birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gelawdiwos Gebre
- College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Zenebe
- College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Rahel Nardos
- Oregon Health& Science University, USA, Portland
| | - Aklil Birhane
- College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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Gebreslasie KZ, Weldemariam S, Gebre G, Zenebe D, Mehari M, Birhane A, Dewey RS. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and risks of low birth weight and preterm birth in hospitals of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1363. [PMID: 38228730 PMCID: PMC10791596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Intimate partner Violence (IPV) can affect any woman, irrespective of their economic status, religion, or culture. This is a human-rights issue and due to its prevalence and adverse effects on pregnancy and birth, it must be given greater attention. Further, there is a lack of data in the Tigray region about adverse birth outcomes due to intimate partner violence during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess intimate partner violence during pregnancy and its association with low birth weight and preterm birth in Tigray region. Across-sectional study design was used. 647 women were involved in the study. Simple random sampling techniques were employed to select health facilities and systematic sampling was used to select study participants. Data were entered using Epi info version 3.5.1 and was analyzed using SPSSversion 20. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between exposure to intimate partner violence during pregnancy and preterm birth and low birth weight while adjusting for possible confounders. The prevalence of intimate partner violence during pregnancy was 7.3% and the prevalence of low birth weight and preterm birth were 18.5% and 10.8% respectively. There was a statistically significant association between exposure to intimate partner violence during pregnancy and low birth weight. After adjustment for socioeconomic status, women's habits and obstetric factors, the pregnant women who were exposed to intimate partner violence during pregnancy were two times more likely to have a child with a low birth weight (2.39 (95% CI: 1.26-4.55)). The prevalence of intimate partner violence during pregnancy, low birth weight, and preterm birth in this study was high. Women who experienced intimate partner violence during pregnancy had an increased risk of low birth weight. These findings justify a call to the federal minster of health to take measures aimed at avoiding intimate partner violence during pregnancy to reduce adverse birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Solomon Weldemariam
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekele, Ethiopia
| | - Gelawdyos Gebre
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekele, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Zenebe
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekele, Ethiopia
| | - Mihreteab Mehari
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekele, Ethiopia
| | - Aklil Birhane
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekele, Ethiopia
| | - Rebecca Susan Dewey
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Kpordoxah MR, Adiak AA, Issah AN, Yeboah D, Abdulai N, Boah M. Magnitude of self-reported intimate partner violence against pregnant women in Ghana's northern region and its association with low birth weight. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:29. [PMID: 38178015 PMCID: PMC10765694 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birth weight (LBW) rates are high in the northern region of Ghana, as is tolerance for intimate partner violence (IPV). However, the relationship between the two incidents has not been established. This study assessed the magnitude of IPV against pregnant women and its association with LBW in the northern region of Ghana. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 402 postnatal women from five public health care facilities in the Tamale Metropolitan Area, northern Ghana. Data were collected electronically during face-to-face interviews. Validated methods were used to determine IPV exposure during pregnancy and birth weight. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the independent association between prenatal exposure to IPV and LBW. RESULTS Of the 402 women, 46.5% (95% CI: 41.7, 51.4) experienced IPV during their most recent pregnancy. Of these, 34.8% were psychologically abused, 24.4% were sexually abused, and 6.7% were physically abused. Prenatal IPV exposure was found to be significantly associated with birth weight. Low birth weight was twice as likely among exposed women as among unexposed women (AOR = 2.42; 95% CI: 1.12, 5.26, p < 0.05). Low birth weight risk was also higher among women with anaemia in the first trimester (AOR = 3.47; 95% CI: 1.47, 8.23, p < 0.01), but was lower among women who made at least four antenatal care visits before delivery (AOR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.89, p < 0.05) and male newborns (AOR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.49, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION IPV during pregnancy is prevalent in the research population, with psychological IPV being more widespread than other kinds. Women who suffered IPV during pregnancy were more likely to have LBW than those who did not. It is essential to incorporate questions about domestic violence into antenatal care protocols. In particular, every pregnant woman should be screened for IPV at least once during each trimester, and those who have experienced violence should be closely monitored for weight gain and foetal growth in the study setting to avert the LBW associated with IPV. In the northern region of Ghana, the number of babies born with low birth weight is high, as is the number of adults who are willing to put up with intimate partner violence. However, there has not been any proof that these two incidents are connected. This study looked at how frequently intimate partner violence occurs among pregnant women and how it is linked to low birth weight in northern Ghana's Tamale Metropolitan Area. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 402 postnatal women from five public health care facilities in the study setting. Information on exposure to intimate partner violence during pregnancy and the birth weight of babies was collected electronically during face-to-face interviews. The study found that of the 402 women, 46.5% had experienced violence by an intimate partner during their most recent pregnancy. Out of these, 34.8% were abused psychologically, 24.4% were abused sexually, and 6.7% were abused physically. Women who were abused were more likely than those who were not to have babies with low birth weight. We concluded that intimate partner violence is common during pregnancy in the study setting and that more women suffered psychological intimate partner violence than other types of violence. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy was linked to low birth weight in the study setting. It is important for antenatal care plans to include questions about intimate partner violence. In particular, every pregnant woman should be assessed for intimate partner violence at least once during each trimester for monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Rachael Kpordoxah
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | | | - Abdul-Nasir Issah
- Department of Health Services, Policy, Planning, Management, and Economics, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Daudi Yeboah
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Nashiru Abdulai
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
- Nanton District Assembly, Tamale, P.O. Box 1, Ghana
| | - Michael Boah
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.
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Anguzu R, Walker RJ, Babikako HM, Beyer KMM, Dickson-Gomez J, Zhou Y, Cassidy LD. Intimate partner violence and antenatal care utilization predictors in Uganda: an analysis applying Andersen's behavioral model of healthcare utilization. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2276. [PMID: 37978467 PMCID: PMC10656909 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16827-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services improves positive pregnancy experiences and birth outcomes. However, paucity of evidence exists on which factors should be targeted to increase ANC utilization among women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) in Uganda. OBJECTIVE To determine the independent association between IPV exposure and ANC utilization as well as the predictors of ANC utilization informed by Andersen's Behavioral Model of Healthcare Utilization. METHODS We analyzed 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey data that included a sample of 1,768 women with children aged 12 to 18 months and responded to both ANC utilization and IPV items. Our outcome was ANC utilization, a count variable assessed as the number of ANC visits in the last 12 months preceding the survey. The key independent variable was exposure to any IPV form defined as self-report of having experienced physical, sexual and/or emotional IPV. Covariates were grouped into predisposing (age, formal education, religion, problem paying treatment costs), enabling (women's autonomy, mass media exposure), need (unintended pregnancy, parity, history of pregnancy termination), and healthcare system/environmental factors (rural/urban residence, spatial accessibility to health facility). Poisson regression models tested the independent association between IPV and ANC utilization, and the predictors of ANC utilization after controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS Mean number of ANC visits (ANC utilization) was 3.71 visits with standard deviation (SD) of ± 1.5 respectively. Overall, 60.8% of our sample reported experiencing any form of IPV. Any IPV exposure was associated with lower number of ANC visits (3.64, SD ± 1.41) when compared to women without IPV exposure (3.82, SD ± 1.64) at p = 0.013. In the adjusted models, any IPV exposure was negatively associated with ANC utilization when compared to women with no IPV exposure after controlling for enabling factors (Coef. -0.03; 95%CI -0.06,-0.01), and healthcare system/environmental factors (Coef. -0.06; 95%CI -0.11,-0.04). Predictors of ANC utilization were higher education (Coef. 0.27; 95%CI 0.15,0.39) compared with no education, high autonomy (Coef. 0.12; 95%CI 0.02,0.23) compared to low autonomy, and partial media exposure (Coef. 0.06; 95%CI 0.01,0.12) compared to low media exposure. CONCLUSION Addressing enabling and healthcare system/environmental factors may increase ANC utilization among Ugandan women experiencing IPV. Prevention and response interventions for IPV should include strategies to increase girls' higher education completion rates, improve women's financial autonomy, and mass media exposure to improve ANC utilization in similar populations in Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Anguzu
- Division of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, US.
- Center for Advancing Population Sciences (CAPS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, US.
| | - Rebekah J Walker
- Center for Advancing Population Sciences (CAPS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, US
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, US
| | - Harriet M Babikako
- Department of Child Health and Development Center, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kirsten M M Beyer
- Division of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, US
- Center for Advancing Population Sciences (CAPS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, US
| | - Julia Dickson-Gomez
- Division of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, US
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Division of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, US
| | - Laura D Cassidy
- Division of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, US
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Wassie ST, Ejigu AG, Tilahun AG, Lambyo SHM. The impact of intimate partner violence on adverse birth outcomes in public health facilities. A prospective cohort study. Midwifery 2023; 126:103815. [PMID: 37717345 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2023.103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During pregnancy, intimate partner violence (IPV) is a health problem associated with severe adverse birth outcomes. The Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey showed that more than one-third of married women faced IPV. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of IPV during pregnancy on adverse birth outcomes. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted from September 1st, 2021 to April 30th, 2022. Using a systematic random sampling technique, participants were enrolled from 20 to 24 weeks of gestation at antenatal visits at the selected public health institutions. The validated and modified standards of the World Health Organization Domestic Violence Questionnaire were used to screen for IPV. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used in this study. The relative risk was also calculated to predict the occurrence of adverse birth outcomes. RESULTS Overall, 701 pregnant women were followed from 20 to 24 weeks of gestation until delivery in a 1:2 ratio (244 exposed to 457 non-exposed). Preterm birth increased by 1.02 times (RR=1.02, 95 CI; 0.979-1.047), low birth weight with RR= 2.023, 95% CI; 1.201-3.407 and stillbirth (RR= 1.124, 95%CI; 0.43-3.055). Among the exposed groups, 167(23.8%), 83 (11.8%), and 51 (7.3%) had emotional, physical, and sexual violence, respectively. The odds of developing adverse birth outcomes from IPV exposure were [AOR=1.63,95% CI: [1.23, 3.75], emotional violence [AOR= 1.70:95% CI: [1.24, 4.24], and physical violence [AOR= 3.99:95% CI: [1.51, 10.52] times higher than those of their counterparts. No significant association was observed between sexual violence and adverse birth outcomes. Being unsupported by the husband and having previous adverse birth outcomes increased IPV by nearly four-fold [AOR=3.80:95% CI; 1.19, 12.09] and [AOR= 3.70:95% CI:1.49, 9.17], respectively. The odds of mothers with a 2nd visit MUAC measurement of < 23 cm were [AOR=2.81:95% CI; 1.20, 6.61]. CONCLUSION The incidence of adverse birth outcomes was significantly higher in the physically IPV-exposed group than in the non-exposed group. Therefore, pregnant women should be screened for IPV during their antenatal period. Thus, IPV-exposed pregnant women should be counseled and closely followed up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amare Genetu Ejigu
- Department of Midwifery, Injibara University, P.O. Box:40, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Abel Girma Tilahun
- School of Public Health, Mizan-Tepi University, P. O. Box: 260, Mizan-Tapi, Ethiopia
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Shaikh MA. Prevalence, correlates, and trends of intimate partner violence against women in Sierra Leone: findings from 2013 and 2019 demographic and health surveys. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1227165. [PMID: 37920586 PMCID: PMC10619914 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1227165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a globally pervasive public health and medical problem in addition to being a serious violation of women's rights. The two-fold objectives of this study were to compute the lifetime prevalence and correlates of IPV perpetrated by current/former husbands/partners of ever-married women aged 15-49 years using the nationally representative Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in 2019; ethnicity-based levels and trends of IPV were also computed using the data from the DHS conducted in 2013 along with the 2019 DHS. Methods Twelve IPV correlates pertaining to socio-demographic, attitudinal, and experiential attributes were analyzed using logistic regression models for bivariate and multivariable analysis. IPV was computed as a composite variable comprising of physical, emotional, and/or sexual IPV. Results Lifetime prevalence of experiencing any kind of IPV was a staggering 60.81%, whereas emotional, physical, and sexual IPV prevalence were reported by 45.90%, 49.81%, and 8.14% of the respondents, respectively. No ethnicity reported a statistically significant decrease in any type of IPV during the intervening period between the two surveys. Five out of nine ethnicities reported a statistically significant increase in emotional IPV, while few ethnicities reported a statistically significant increase in one or more types of IPV. Conclusion The high lifetime prevalence of IPV is alarming and points to the need for targeted health promotion campaigns to reverse the tide of IPV in Sierra Leone, including focusing on changes in cultural and ethnicity-based norms and mores to ensure women's human rights are respected and upheld.
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Larsen A, Pintye J, Abuna F, Bhat A, Dettinger JC, Gomez L, Marwa MM, Ngumbau N, Odhiambo B, Phipps AI, Richardson BA, Watoyi S, Stern J, Kinuthia J, John-Stewart G. Risks of adverse perinatal outcomes in relation to maternal depressive symptoms: A prospective cohort study in Kenya. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2023; 37:489-504. [PMID: 37186316 PMCID: PMC10524238 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence gaps remain regarding the influence of prenatal psychosocial factors on adverse pregnancy outcomes. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to evaluate relationships between psychosocial factors and adverse perinatal outcomes among Kenyan women. METHODS We analysed data from a prospective cohort study enrolling HIV-negative women in pregnancy (NCT03070600) in 20 antenatal clinics in Western Kenya. Study nurses assessed depressive symptoms using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10), social support using the Medical Outcomes Survey scale (MOS-SSS), intimate partner violence (IPV) with the Hurt, Insult, Threaten, Scream scale (HITS), and pregnancy outcomes at 6 weeks postpartum. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate relationships between depressive symptoms (moderate-to-severe [MSD, CESD-10 ≥10] and mild-to-severe [Mild-SD, CESD-10 ≥5]), low social support (MOS-SSS <72), and IPV (HITS ≥10) with adverse perinatal outcomes of pregnancy loss, stillbirth, preterm birth (PTB), small for gestational age, and neonatal mortality. We also estimated the population attributable risk. RESULTS Among 4153 women, 23.9% (n = 994) had MSD, 54.7% (n = 2273) mild-SD, 37.3% (n = 1550) low social support, and 7.8% (n = 323) experienced IPV. Pregnancy loss was 5-fold higher among women with MSD (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 5.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.44, 10.42); 37.4% of losses were attributable to MSD. Mild-SD was associated with PTB (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.03, 1.87). Stillbirth risk more than doubled among women reporting low social support (HR 2.37, 95% CI 1.14, 4.94). CONCLUSIONS Adverse perinatal outcomes were common and associated with prenatal depressive symptoms and low social support in this large cohort of Kenyan mother-infant pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Larsen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jillian Pintye
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Amritha Bhat
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Laurén Gomez
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Nancy Ngumbau
- Department of Research and Programs, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Amanda I. Phipps
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barbra A. Richardson
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Joshua Stern
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John Kinuthia
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- The University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Research and Programs, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Grace John-Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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Ahinkorah BO, Aboagye RG, Seidu AA, Boadu Frimpong J, Hagan JE, Budu E, Yaya S. Physical violence during pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: why it matters and who are most susceptible? BMJ Open 2023; 13:e059236. [PMID: 37369400 PMCID: PMC10410895 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study assessed the prevalence of physical violence against pregnant women and its associated factors in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). DESIGN We analysed cross-sectional data of 108971 women in sexual unions from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys of 26 countries in SSA. The predictors of physical violence were examined using a multilevel binary logistic regression. All the results were presented as adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). SETTING Twenty-six countries in SSA. PARTICIPANTS 108 971 women who had ever been pregnant. OUTCOME MEASURE Physical violence during pregnancy. RESULTS Physical violence was identified in 6.0% of pregnant women in SSA. The highest prevalence (14.0%) was reported in South Africa, while Burkina Faso recorded the lowest (2.1%). Women who had primary (aOR=1.26, 95% CI=1.15, 1.38) and secondary education (aOR=1.15, 95% CI=1.01,1.32); those who were cohabiting (aOR=1.21, 95% CI=1.11, 1.32); those who were working (aOR=1.17, 95% CI=1.08, 1.28); and those whose partners had primary (aOR=1.15, 95% CI=1.04, 1.28) and secondary education (aOR=1.14, 95% CI=1.01, 1.28) were more likely to experience physical violence during pregnancy compared with those who had no formal education; those who were married; those who were not working, and those whose partners had no formal education, respectively. Moreover, women whose partners consumed alcohol (aOR=2.37, 95% CI=2.20, 2.56); those who had parity of four or more (aOR=2.06, 95% CI=1.57, 2.72); and those who perceived intimate partner violence (IPV) as a culturally accepted norm (aOR=1.55, 95% CI=1.44, 1.67) had higher odds of experiencing physical violence during pregnancy compared to those whose partners did not consume alcohol, those with parity zero, and those who did not perceive IPV as culturally accepted, respectively. On the contrary, women who were aged 35-39, those who were of the richest wealth index, and those in rural areas had reduced odds of experiencing physical violence during pregnancy. CONCLUSION Based on the findings, community leaders are encouraged to liaise with law enforcement agencies to strictly enforce laws on gender-based violence by prosecuting perpetrators of IPV against pregnant women as a deterrent. Also, intensifying education on what constitutes IPV and the potential consequences on the health of pregnant women, their children, and their families will be laudable. Improving the socioeconomic status of women may also help to eliminate IPV perpetration against women at their pregnancy stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Gyan Aboagye
- Department of Family and Community Health, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Gender and Advocacy, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Ghana
| | - James Boadu Frimpong
- Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - John Elvis Hagan
- Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics-Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Sciences, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Eugene Budu
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Sanni Yaya
- School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Guo C, Wan M, Wang Y, Wang P, Tousey-Pfarrer M, Liu H, Yu L, Jian L, Zhang M, Yang Z, Ge F, Zhang J. Associations between intimate partner violence and adverse birth outcomes during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1140787. [PMID: 37265489 PMCID: PMC10230039 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1140787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been associated with an elevated risk of multiple adverse birth outcomes, yet little is known about how specific IPV influences adverse birth outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the association between IPV during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes (i.e., preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth). Methods Systematic searches were conducted using four databases: EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, and CINAHL for observational studies published from 1 January 2011 to 31 August 2021. Two reviewers independently carried out the literature search, study selection, data extraction, assessment of the study, and risk of bias assessment; disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. A random-effect model was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth. I2 statistic accompanied by chi-square p-value was used to assess heterogeneity, and funnel plot and Peter's test were used to assess publication bias. Results In total, 23 studies met the inclusion criterion. IPV was associated with preterm birth (OR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.37-2.49; I2 = 88%), low birth weight (OR = 2.73; 95% CI: 1.66-4.48; I2 = 95%), and stillbirth (OR = 1.74; 95% CI: 0.86-3.54; I2 = 64%). We attained comparable results among all specific IPV including physical, sexual, emotional, and mixed. Conclusion Intimate partner violence and specific IPV during pregnancy were significantly associated with adverse birth outcomes, especially for physical IPV. An urgent need for greater action to prevent or intervene in IPV during pregnancy is warranted. Systematic review registration CRD42021282936, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cancan Guo
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengtong Wan
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Peijie Wang
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Marissa Tousey-Pfarrer
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Haoyang Liu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangming Yu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingqi Jian
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziqi Yang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fenfen Ge
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Jun Zhang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Boah M, Abdulai N, Issah AN, Yeboah D, Kpordoxah MR, Aballo J, Adokiya MN. Risk of adverse newborn outcomes among women who experienced physical and psychological intimate partner abuse during pregnancy in Ghana's northern region. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15391. [PMID: 37123925 PMCID: PMC10130875 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is common worldwide. However, the health effects of exposure to IPV during pregnancy are significantly more severe. We investigated the relationship between exposure to IPV during pregnancy and the risk of preterm and low birthweight births among women in Ghana's northern region. Methods We recruited 402 postnatal women aged 15-49 years from five selected public health facilities in the Tamale Metropolis of the northern region of Ghana. Using Kobo Collect, information on a wide range of factors, including exposure to IPV during the last pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes, was collected electronically. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted in Stata to determine the associations between prenatal exposure to IPV and binary measures of gestational age at birth and birthweight. Results Overall, 35.1% (95% CI: 30.5, 39.9) of the respondents experienced IPV during their recent pregnancy; 6.7% (95% CI: 4.6, 9.6) experienced physical IPV; and 34.8% (95% CI: 30.3, 39.6) experienced psychological IPV. The prevalence of preterm and low birthweight deliveries was 18.9% (95% CI: 15.4, 23.1) and 9.0% (95% CI: 6.5, 12.2), respectively. Prenatal exposure to IPV was linked to poor newborn outcomes by multivariable binary regression models. Women who suffered IPV during their last pregnancy were three times more likely to deliver low birthweight babies (AOR = 3.12: 95% CI: 1.42, 6.84). Exposed women were also about twice as likely to deliver prematurely, although this association was not statistically significant (AOR = 1.81; 95% CI: 0.97, 3.38). Conclusion Exposure to IPV during pregnancy increases a woman's risk of delivering prematurely and having a low birthweight baby. IPV screening should be a regular part of ANC, so that pregnant women who are experiencing IPV can be monitored and supported to avoid adverse outcomes for their babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Boah
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
- Corresponding author.
| | - Nashiru Abdulai
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
- Nanton District Assembly, P.O. Box 1, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Abdul-Nasir Issah
- Department of Health Services, Policy, Planning, Management, and Economics, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Daudi Yeboah
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Mary Rachael Kpordoxah
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Jevaise Aballo
- United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF). Ghana Country Office, P.O. Box AN 5051, Accra, Ghana
| | - Martin Nyaaba Adokiya
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
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Andreasen K, Zapata-Calvente AL, Martín-de-Las-Heras S, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Schei B, Dokkedahl S, de León de León S, Fernandez Lopez R, Oviedo-Gutiérrez A, Ankerstjerne LBS, Megías JL, Khan KS, Rasch V, Linde DS. Video Consultations and Safety App Targeting Pregnant Women Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence in Denmark and Spain: Nested Cohort Intervention Study (STOP Study). JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e38563. [PMID: 36939835 PMCID: PMC10132014 DOI: 10.2196/38563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is a public health issue with wide-ranging consequences for both the mother and fetus, and interventions are needed. Therefore, the Stop Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy (STOP) cohort was established with the overall aim to identify pregnant women exposed to IPV through digital screening and offer women screening positive for IPV a digital supportive intervention. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to (1) introduce the design and profile of the STOP cohort study, (2) assess the feasibility of implementing digital IPV screening among pregnant women, and (3) assess the feasibility of implementing a digital supportive intervention targeting pregnant women exposed to IPV. METHODS Pregnant women attending antenatal care in the Region of Southern Denmark and in Andalucía, Spain were offered digital screening for IPV using validated scales (Abuse Assessment Screen and Women Abuse Screening Tool). Women who screened positive were eligible to receive a digital supportive intervention. The intervention consisted of 3-6 video consultations with an IPV counselor and a safety planning app. In Denmark, IPV counselors were antenatal care midwives trained by a psychologist specialized in IPV, whereas in Spain, the counselor was a psychologist. RESULTS Data collection started in February 2021 and was completed in October 2022. Across Denmark and Spain, a total of 19,442 pregnant women were invited for IPV screening and 16,068 women (82.65%) completed the screening. More women in Spain screened positive for exposure to IPV (350/2055, 17.03%) than in Denmark (1195/14,013, 8.53%). Among the women who screened positive, only 31.39% (485/1545) were eligible to receive the intervention with only 104 (21.4%) of these women ultimately receiving it. CONCLUSIONS Digital screening for IPV among pregnant women is feasible in an antenatal care context in Denmark and Spain; however, a digital supportive intervention during pregnancy appears to have limited feasibility as only a minor subgroup of women who screened positive for eligibility received the intervention. More research is needed on how to best support pregnant women exposed to IPV if universal IPV screening is to be implemented in antenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Andreasen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Gyneacology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Open Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health Network-Spain, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Berit Schei
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sct. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sarah Dokkedahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Lea Bo Sønderlund Ankerstjerne
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Gyneacology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesús L Megías
- Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Khalid Saeed Khan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health Network-Spain, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Vibeke Rasch
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Gyneacology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ditte S Linde
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Gyneacology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Nakanishi K, Saijo Y, Yoshioka E, Sato Y, Kato Y, Nagaya K, Takahashi S, Ito Y, Kobayashi S, Miyashita C, Ikeda-Araki A, Kishi R. Association between maternal multimorbidity and preterm birth, low birth weight and small for gestational age: a prospective birth cohort study from the Japan Environment and Children's Study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e069281. [PMID: 36921942 PMCID: PMC10030623 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multimorbidity is defined as the coexistence of two or more chronic physical or psychological conditions within an individual. The association between maternal multimorbidity and adverse perinatal outcomes such as preterm delivery and low birth weight has not been well studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate this association. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study using data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study of pregnant women between 2011 and 2014. Those with data on chronic maternal conditions were included in the study and categorised as having no chronic condition, one chronic condition or multimorbidities. The primary outcomes were the incidence of preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA). Adjusted logistic regression was performed to estimate ORs (aORs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS Of the 104 062 fetal records, 86 885 singleton pregnant women were analysed. The median maternal age and body mass index were 31 years and 20.5 kg/m2, respectively. The prevalence of pregnant women with one or more chronic conditions was 40.2%. The prevalence of maternal multimorbidity was 6.3%, and that of PTB, LBW, and SGA were 4.6%, 8.1%, and 7.5%, respectively. Pre-pregnancy underweight women were the most common, observed in 15.6% of multimorbidity cases, followed by domestic violence from intimate partner in 13.0%. Maternal multimorbidity was significantly associated with PTB (aOR 1.50; 95% CI 1.33-1.69), LBW (aOR 1.49; 95% CI 1.35-1.63) and SGA (aOR 1.33; 95% CI 1.20-1.46). CONCLUSION Maternal multimorbidity was associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, including PTB, LBW and SGA. The risk of adverse perinatal outcomes tends to increase with a rise in the number of chronic maternal conditions. Multimorbidity becomes more prevalent among pregnant women, making our findings important for preconception counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Nakanishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Saijo
- Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Eiji Yoshioka
- Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sato
- Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
- Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ken Nagaya
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Medical Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, Kitami, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ikeda-Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Hokkaido Daigaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Hokkaido Daigaku, Sapporo, Japan
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Utaile MM, Ahmed AA, Yalew AW. Multilevel analysis of factors for intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Gammo Goffa Zone, South Ethiopia: A community based study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1122041. [PMID: 36998288 PMCID: PMC10043311 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1122041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIntimate partner violence during pregnancy is a public health problem that can affect both maternal and fetal life. However, its prevalence and associated factors have not been well studied and understood in Ethiopia. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the individual and community-level factors associated with intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Gammo Goffa Zone, South Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,535 randomly selected pregnant women from July to October 2020. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered, standardized WHO multi-country study questionnaire and analyzed using STATA 14. A two level mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with intimate partner violence during pregnancy.ResultsThe prevalence of intimate partner violence during pregnancy was found to be 48% (95% CI: 45–50%). Factors affecting violence during pregnancy were identified at the community and individual levels. Access to health facilities (AOR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.85), women feeling isolated from the community (AOR= 1.96; 95% CI: 1.04, 3.69), and strict gender role differences (AOR= 1.45; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.04) were among higher-level factors found to be significantly associated with intimate partner violence during pregnancy. Low decision-making power was found to increase the odds of experiencing IPV during pregnancy (AOR= 2.51; 95% CI: 1.28, 4.92). Similarly, maternal education, maternal occupation, living with the partner's family, current pregnancy intended by the partner, dowry payment, and presence of marital conflict were among the individual- level factors found to increase the odds of experiencing intimate partner violence during pregnancy.ConclusionsThe prevalence of intimate partner violence during pregnancy was high in the study area. Both individual and community-level factors had significant implications on maternal health programs related to violence against women. Socio-demographic and socio-ecological characteristics were identified as associated factors. Since it is a multifaceted problem, special emphasis has to be given to multi-sectoral approaches involving all responsible bodies to mitigate the situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Mamo Utaile
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- *Correspondence: Mesfin Mamo Utaile
| | - Ahmed Ali Ahmed
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Worku Yalew
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Negotiating Autonomy: The Linkages between Intimate Partner Violence, Women’s Paid Work Status and Birth Outcomes. ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/admsci13030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal and child health is severely impacted by adverse birth outcomes leading to a public health concern. A whole host of socioeconomic factors are instrumental in determining birth outcomes. Importantly, there is an intricate relationship between women’s autonomy, the perpetration of intimate partner violence in households, women’s paid work status and their consequent impact on birth outcomes. Noting this, we ask how intimate partner violence and women’s work status interact and how women’s ‘autonomy’ is negotiated to mitigate adverse birth outcomes such as miscarriage, abortion, stillbirth, low birth weight and preterm birth. We use the nationally representative NFHS-5 data for India and use multiple correspondence analyses to create an index of women’s autonomy, and multinomial logistic regression has been used to determine the relation. Women’s working status in association with the perpetration of intimate partner violence contributes significantly to adverse birth outcomes. The study found that mitigation of adverse birth outcomes, which is necessary for bringing about improvements in maternal and child health, is contingent on a multiplicity of social factors, which requires redressal in association to ensure a reduction in adverse birth outcomes.
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Azene ZN, Merid MW, Taddese AA, Andualem Z, Amare NS, Taye BT. Intimate partner sexual violence during pregnancy and its associated factors in Northwest Ethiopian women. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2023; 8:797098. [PMID: 36968514 PMCID: PMC10036041 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.797098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Violence against women is a global problem. In pregnant women, it is a particular concern as a virtue of the additional risks to the unborn child. Of different acts of violence, sexual violence shares the major contribution that results in short and long-term physical, sexual, reproductive, and mental health problems of pregnant women. Little is known about sexual violence during pregnancy in Ethiopia. Objective this study aimed to assess the proportion and factors associated with intimate partners' sexual violence against pregnant women in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 409 pregnant women in Debre Markos town from March to April 2018. The study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. A pre-tested and validated questionnaire was used. Binary logistic regression analyses were done to identify associated factors and the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95 % confidence interval (CI) at a p-value of <0.05 was used to declare a significant association. Result Of 409 pregnant women, 19.8% have experienced sexual violence by their intimate partner during their current pregnancy. Accordingly, the major intimate partner sexual violence during pregnancy was having unwanted sexual intercourse due to fear from the partner (13.4%), being forced to do something sexual that is degrading or humiliating (13.0%), and being physically forced to have sexual intercourse (9.8%). Living with her partner/husband (AOR: 3.73, 95% CI: 1.30, 10.69), uneducated educational status of partner (AOR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.06, 5.56), and frequency of alcohol consumption (AOR: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.24, 8.26) were factors associated with increased occurrence of intimate partner sexual violence during pregnancy. Conclusion The proportion of sexual violence against pregnant women by their intimate partner(s) was found to be common in our study. Socio-demographic and behavioral-related factors were risk factors for sexual violence. As a result, preventive strategies and interventions centering on the empowerment of those facing the greatest barriers to reproductive freedom require a shift from traditional ways of thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelalem Nigussie Azene
- Department of Women's and Family Health, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mehari Woldemariam Merid
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asefa Adimasu Taddese
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zewudu Andualem
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Nakachew Sewnet Amare
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Birhan Tsegaw Taye
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
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Agyeman YN, Bassoumah B, Owusu-Marfo J. Predictors of optimal uptake of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and outcome of pregnancy in selected health facilities: a cross-sectional study in Northern Ghana. Malar J 2023; 22:80. [PMID: 36879278 PMCID: PMC9987078 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04501-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ghana adopted the 2012 World Health Organization (WHO) policy on intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) and implemented it in 2014 in all regions of Ghana. Despite the implementation of this policy, there has been an unacceptably low percentage of eligible women receiving the optimal dose of IPTp in Ghana which leaves millions of pregnant women unprotected from malaria. The study, therefore, assessed the predictors of three or more doses (optimal dose) of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in Northern Ghana. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1188 women in four selected health facilities in Northern Ghana from September 2016 to August 2017. Information on socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics reported SP use, and maternal and neonatal outcomes were collected which was double-checked from the maternal health book as well as the antenatal care register. Pearson chi-Square and ordered logistic regression were used to determine the predictors of reported optimal SP use. RESULTS Out of the 1146 women, 42.4% received 3 or more doses of IPTp-SP as recommended by the national malaria control strategy. SP uptake was significantly associated with antenatal care (ANC) attendance (aOR 0.49, 95% CI 0.36-0.66, P < 0.001), primary education (aOR 0.70, 95% CI 0.52-0.95, P = 0.022), four or more antenatal care visits (aOR 1.65, 95% CI 1.11-2.45, P = 0.014), ANC care visit in second trimester (aOR 0.63, 95% CI 0.49-0.80, P < 0.001) and third trimester (aOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.19-0.75, P = 0.006) and malaria infection during late gestation (aOR 0.56, 95% CI 0.43-0.73, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The percentage of pregnant women who received three or more doses is below the target of the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP). The push factors for the optimal use of SP are higher educational attainment, four or more ANC visits, and early initiation of ANC. The study also confirmed earlier findings that IPTp-SP uptake of three or more doses prevents malaria in pregnancy and improves birth weight. The uptake of IPTp-SP among expectant women will be informed and increased by encouraging formal general education beyond the primary level and encouraging early initiation of ANC visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaa Nyarko Agyeman
- Department of Population and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.
| | - Bougangue Bassoumah
- Department of Population and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Joseph Owusu-Marfo
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
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26
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Negesse Y, Abebe GF. The bayesian approach of factors associated with preterm birth among mothers delivered at public hospitals in Southeast Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2023; 10:881963. [PMID: 36699875 PMCID: PMC9868289 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.881963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm birth remains the commonest cause of neonatal mortality, and morbidity represents one of the principal targets of neonatal healthcare. Ethiopia is one of the countries which accounts for the highest burden of preterm birth. Therefore, this study aimed to assess factors associated with preterm birth at public hospitals in Sidama regional state. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted at public hospitals in Southeast Ethiopia from 1 June to 1 September 2020. To recruit the study participants, systematic random sampling techniques were used. Data were collected using pretested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and a checklist via chart review. Data were entered using EpiData version 3.1 and exported to R software version 4.0 for analysis. Then, factors associated with preterm birth among mothers were assessed based on the Bayesian statistical approach. Results The study showed that the prevalence of preterm birth was 20.6%. Being a rural resident (AOR = 2; 95% CrI: 1.2-3.5), having no antenatal care service utilization (AOR = 2.3; 95% CrI: 1.1-4.8), hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (AOR = 3.5; 95% CrI: 1.8-6.9), birth space less than 2 years (AOR = 3.4; 95% CrI: 1.5-7.9), having premature rupture of membrane (AOR = 2.4; 95% CrI: 1.3-5.4), and physical intimate violence (AOR = 2.876; 95%CI: 1.534, 5.393) were risk factors of preterm birth. Whereas, women who had primary, secondary, and higher education levels (AOR = 0.2; 95% CrI: 0.1-0.4, AOR = 0.1; 95% CrI: 0.06-0.3, and AOR = 0.2; 95% CrI: 0.1-0.4), respectively, were preventive factors. Conclusion Most of the risk factors of preterm birth were found to be modifiable. Community mobilization on physical violence during pregnancy and antenatal care follow-up are the ground for the prevention of preterm birth because attentive and critical antenatal care screening practices could early identify risk factors. In addition, information communication education about preterm birth prevention was recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilkal Negesse
- College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Gossa Fetene Abebe
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
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Masiano SP, Tembo TA, Yu X, Wetzel E, Mphande M, Chitani M, Mkandawire A, Khama I, Mazenga A, Abrams E, Ahmed S, Kim MH. The prevalence, incidence, and recurrence of intimate partner violence and its association with adverse childhood experiences among pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV in Malawi. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2023; 10:20499361221148875. [PMID: 36654873 PMCID: PMC9841851 DOI: 10.1177/20499361221148875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with suboptimal HIV treatment outcomes, but its distribution and risk factors among certain subpopulations of people living with HIV in resource-limited settings are not well known. We examined the prevalence, incidence, and recurrence of IPV and its association with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among pregnant/breastfeeding women living with HIV in Malawi. Methods This study used longitudinal data for 455 pregnant women living with HIV continuously enrolled in the VITAL Start trial. IPV was assessed at baseline and months 1, 6, and 12 using the widely validated WHO IPV survey. Forms of IPV assessed were physical IPV, emotional IPV, and sexual IPV measured as prevalence, incidence, and recurrence. ACE histories were assessed using WHO's ACE International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) tool. Logistic and log-binomial regressions were used in multivariable analyses that controlled for factors such as depression and alcohol use. Results Participants' mean age was 27.6 ± 5.7 years. Forty-three percent (43%) reported IPV prevalence, 13% reported IPV incidence, and another 13% reported IPV recurrence, with emotional IPV being the most commonly reported IPV type. Over 96% reported experiencing ⩾1 ACE. In regression analysis, cumulative ACE scores were significantly associated with IPV prevalence and IPV recurrence and in both cases, the magnitude of association was greatest for sexual IPV compared with physical IPV and emotional IPV. ACE scores were not significantly associated with IPV incidence. Conclusions IPV is highly prevalent among pregnant women living with HIV and continues to occur throughout the pregnancy and postpartum period; its graded relationship with ACEs is a concern in resource-limited settings where HIV/AIDS remains a public health concern. Strategies aimed to address the needs of pregnant/breastfeeding women living with HIV may benefit from the regular screening of this population for IPV and ACE, including in antenatal care clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P. Masiano
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Healthcare Delivery and Implementation Science Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tapiwa A. Tembo
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation Malawi, PBag B397, Lilongwe 3, Malawi
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, School of Public and Population Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wetzel
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Baylor International Pediatric AIDS Initiative, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mtisunge Mphande
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Mike Chitani
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Angella Mkandawire
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Innocent Khama
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Alick Mazenga
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Elaine Abrams
- ICAP, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Baylor International Pediatric AIDS Initiative, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria H. Kim
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Baylor International Pediatric AIDS Initiative, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275836. [PMID: 36548249 PMCID: PMC9778523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence is a significant public health issue that affects maternal and neonatal health worldwide. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the prevalence of intimate partner violence during pregnancy as well as the factors that contribute to it. As a result, the purpose of this study was to determine the impact of intimate partner violence on birth outcomes. METHODS International databases including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and CINAHL were used to search primary studies. The quality and strength of the included studies were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment tool. The studies heterogeneity and publication biases were assessed using I2 statistics and Egger's regression test. The Meta-analysis was carried out using STATA version 16 software. RESULTS A total of nine hundred and fifty-eight articles were retrieved from various databases, and seventeen articles were included in the review. The pooled prevalence of intimate violence during pregnancy in Ethiopia was 32.23% (95% CI 28.02% -36.45%). During pregnancy, intimate partner violence was a significant predictor of low birth weight (AOR: 3.69, 95%CI 1.61-8.50) and preterm birth (AOR: 2.23, 95%CI 1.64-3.04). CONCLUSION One in every three pregnant women experiences intimate partner violence. Women who experienced intimate partner violence during their pregnancy are more likely to experience adverse outcomes such as premature delivery and low birth weight infants.
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Physical Violence during Pregnancy and Its Implications at Birth: Analysis of a Population Survey, 2019. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 11:healthcare11010033. [PMID: 36611493 PMCID: PMC9818880 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical partner violence is widely recognized as a global health problem, especially in pregnant women. This study determines the association between physical violence during pregnancy in Peruvian women aged 15 to 49 years with low birth weight and abortion according to the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) 2019. An analytical cross-sectional observational study was carried out based on the data from the ENDES 2019. Two dependent variables referring to birth outcomes were included: abortion and low birth weight. The independent variable was physical violence during pregnancy by her current or former husband/partner. A total of 15,305 women were included in the study. The prevalence of physical violence during pregnancy was 6.43%. Regarding the adverse outcomes of pregnancy, the prevalences of abortion and low birth weight were 20.84% and 6.01%, respectively. Women suffering physical violence during pregnancy were more likely to have an abortion but not low birth weight. In conclusion, it was found that 6 in 100 Peruvian women of childbearing age were victims of violence during pregnancy. Likewise, it was observed that women who were victims of violence during pregnancy had a higher probability of having an abortion but not low birth weight.
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Gómez Aristizábal LY, Confortin SC, Batista RFL, de Britto e Alves MTSS, Simões VMF, da Silva AAM. Association between violence and depression during pregnancy with perinatal outcomes: a moderated mediation analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:801. [PMID: 36319959 PMCID: PMC9623969 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-05106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the direct, indirect, and total effects of violence during pregnancy on perinatal outcomes, and to evaluate the effect of violence as a moderator of the mediated relationship of depression with perinatal outcomes. METHODS Data was collected from the prenatal study and follow-ups of the BRISA cohort, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. The perinatal outcomes investigated were: birth weight (BW), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and gestational age (GA). Violence against women was evaluated using the World Health Organization Violence against Women instrument (Violence during pregnancy - regardless of the type of violence; Physical violence during pregnancy; Psychological violence during pregnancy). Depressive symptoms during pregnancy were evaluated as a mediating variable. Moderated mediation analysis was performed to estimate the effects of violence and depression on perinatal outcomes. RESULTS Three types of violence analyzed by depression had an indirect effect in BW and GA. None of the types of violence showed an association with IUGR. All types of violence analyzed showed a moderated mediation effect with BW and GA. Only among women who experienced violence were birth weight and gestational age lower the higher the values of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Violence and depression are only associated with lower BW and GA when they occur simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Yanet Gómez Aristizábal
- grid.411204.20000 0001 2165 7632Graduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Maranhão, Rua Barão de Itapary, 155, MA 65020-070 São Luís, Brazil
| | - Susana Cararo Confortin
- grid.411204.20000 0001 2165 7632Graduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Maranhão, Rua Barão de Itapary, 155, MA 65020-070 São Luís, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Fernandes Lucena Batista
- grid.411204.20000 0001 2165 7632Graduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Maranhão, Rua Barão de Itapary, 155, MA 65020-070 São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Vanda Maria Ferreira Simões
- grid.411204.20000 0001 2165 7632Graduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Maranhão, Rua Barão de Itapary, 155, MA 65020-070 São Luís, Brazil
| | - Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva
- grid.411204.20000 0001 2165 7632Graduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Maranhão, Rua Barão de Itapary, 155, MA 65020-070 São Luís, Brazil
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Mabrouk A, Abubakar A, Too EK, Chongwo E, Adetifa IM. A Scoping Review of Preterm Births in Sub-Saharan Africa: Burden, Risk Factors and Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10537. [PMID: 36078258 PMCID: PMC9518061 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Preterm births (PTB) are the leading cause of neonatal deaths, the majority of which occur in low- and middle-income countries, particularly those in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Understanding the epidemiology of prematurity is an essential step towards tackling the challenge of PTB in the sub-continent. We performed a scoping review of the burden, predictors and outcomes of PTB in SSA. We searched PubMed, Embase, and three other databases for articles published from the database inception to 10 July 2021. Studies reporting the prevalence of PTB, the associated risk factors, and/or its outcomes were eligible for inclusion in this review. Our literature search identified 4441 publications, but only 181 met the inclusion criteria. Last menstrual period (LMP) was the most commonly used method of estimating gestational age. The prevalence of PTB in SSA ranged from 3.4% to 49.4%. Several risk factors of PTB were identified in this review. The most frequently reported risk factors (i.e., reported in ≥10 studies) were previous history of PTB, underutilization of antenatal care (<4 visits), premature rupture of membrane, maternal age (≤20 or ≥35 years), inter-pregnancy interval, malaria, HIV and hypertension in pregnancy. Premature babies had high rates of hospital admissions, were at risk of poor growth and development, and were also at a high risk of morbidity and mortality. There is a high burden of PTB in SSA. The true burden of PTB is underestimated due to the widespread use of LMP, an unreliable and often inaccurate method for estimating gestational age. The associated risk factors for PTB are mostly modifiable and require an all-inclusive intervention to reduce the burden and improve outcomes in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Mabrouk
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi P.O. Box 230-80108, Kenya
- Department of Public Health, Pwani University, Kilifi P.O. Box 195-80108, Kenya
- Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi P.O. Box 30270-00100, Kenya
| | - Amina Abubakar
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi P.O. Box 230-80108, Kenya
- Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi P.O. Box 30270-00100, Kenya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Ezra Kipngetich Too
- Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi P.O. Box 30270-00100, Kenya
| | - Esther Chongwo
- Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi P.O. Box 30270-00100, Kenya
| | - Ifedayo M. Adetifa
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi P.O. Box 230-80108, Kenya
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos 100254, Nigeria
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Household food insecurity and physically demanding work during pregnancy are risk factors for low birth weight in north Shewa zone public hospitals, Central Ethiopia, 2021: a multicenter cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:419. [PMID: 35836138 PMCID: PMC9281010 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite numerous efforts to improve the quality of maternal and child health medical services, over 20 million babies are born with low birth weights each year globally. However, factors related to low birth weight like physically demanding work during pregnancy, intimate partner violence, and food insecurity have not been explored well in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of low birth weight and associated factors among neonates born in public Hospitals in North Shewa Zone, Central Ethiopia. METHODS A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from June 15 -to July 15, 2021, in North Shewa public hospitals. A total of 441 mothers and newborn pairs were selected by systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a pretested and structured interviewer-administered questionnaire with chart reviewing. Data entry and analysis were done using Epi Data version 3.1 and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26 respectively. Binary logistic regression was done to identify factors associated with low birth weight. Adjusted odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered to declare the statistically significant association. RESULTS The prevalence of low-birth-weight was 17.7% (95% CI: 14.3, 21.5). Pregnancy-related complication [AOR = 2.16; 95% CI:(1.12,4.18)], grand-multiparty [AOR = 2.57; 95% CI:(1.12,5.88)], physically demanding work during pregnancy [AOR = 2.19; 95% CI:(1.11,4.33)], midd-upper arm circumference less than 23 cm [AOR = 2.54; 95% CI:(1.26,5.10)], partner violence during pregnancy [AOR = 3.77; 95% CI:(1.81,7.88)], and being member of household with food insecure [AOR = 2.31; 95% CI:(1.12,4.75)] were factors significantly associated with low birth weight. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the magnitude of low birth weight was relatively high. Women with pregnancy-related complications, grand multiparty, physically demanding work during pregnancy, intimate partner violence, mid-upper arm circumference less than 23 cm, and food insecurity should be prioritized for mitigating LBW. Health care professionals should focus on Screening pregnant women for intimate partner violence, physically demanding activities, undernutrition and providing appropriate treatment during all maternal continuum of care might be helpful.
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The amniotic fluid proteome predicts imminent preterm delivery in asymptomatic women with a short cervix. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11781. [PMID: 35821507 PMCID: PMC9276779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15392-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth, the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, is associated with increased risk of short- and long-term adverse outcomes. For women identified as at risk for preterm birth attributable to a sonographic short cervix, the determination of imminent delivery is crucial for patient management. The current study aimed to identify amniotic fluid (AF) proteins that could predict imminent delivery in asymptomatic patients with a short cervix. This retrospective cohort study included women enrolled between May 2002 and September 2015 who were diagnosed with a sonographic short cervix (< 25 mm) at 16–32 weeks of gestation. Amniocenteses were performed to exclude intra-amniotic infection; none of the women included had clinical signs of infection or labor at the time of amniocentesis. An aptamer-based multiplex platform was used to profile 1310 AF proteins, and the differential protein abundance between women who delivered within two weeks from amniocentesis, and those who did not, was determined. The analysis included adjustment for quantitative cervical length and control of the false-positive rate at 10%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated to determine whether protein abundance in combination with cervical length improved the prediction of imminent preterm delivery as compared to cervical length alone. Of the 1,310 proteins profiled in AF, 17 were differentially abundant in women destined to deliver within two weeks of amniocentesis independently of the cervical length (adjusted p-value < 0.10). The decreased abundance of SNAP25 and the increased abundance of GPI, PTPN11, OLR1, ENO1, GAPDH, CHI3L1, RETN, CSF3, LCN2, CXCL1, CXCL8, PGLYRP1, LDHB, IL6, MMP8, and PRTN3 were associated with an increased risk of imminent delivery (odds ratio > 1.5 for each). The sensitivity at a 10% false-positive rate for the prediction of imminent delivery by a quantitative cervical length alone was 38%, yet it increased to 79% when combined with the abundance of four AF proteins (CXCL8, SNAP25, PTPN11, and MMP8). Neutrophil-mediated immunity, neutrophil activation, granulocyte activation, myeloid leukocyte activation, and myeloid leukocyte-mediated immunity were biological processes impacted by protein dysregulation in women destined to deliver within two weeks of diagnosis. The combination of AF protein abundance and quantitative cervical length improves prediction of the timing of delivery compared to cervical length alone, among women with a sonographic short cervix.
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Kebede AA, Aklil MB, Gessesse DN, Tsega NT, Temesgan WZ, Abegaz MY, Anteneh TA, Tibebu NS, Alemu HN, Haile TT, Seyoum AT, Tiguh AE, Yismaw AE, Nenko G, Wondie KY, Taye BT, Mihret MS. Nearly Half of Women Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy in Northwest Ethiopia, 2021; The Role of Social Support and Decision-Making Power. Front Public Health 2022; 10:904792. [PMID: 35844863 PMCID: PMC9280332 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.904792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In developing countries, intimate partner violence is increasing alarmingly, though attention to this issue is rarely given. It has devastating effects on the general wellbeing of women, pregnancy outcomes, and the long-term health of children, and this needs to be addressed. Hence, this study was designed to assess intimate partner violence and associated factors in northwest Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 1st to August 30th, 2021, among 858 postpartum women in Gondar city. A cluster sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. EPI DATA version 4.6 and SPSS 25 were used for data entry, cleaning and analysis, respectively. A bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with intimate partner violence. The level of significant association was declared using the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) and a p-value of ≤ 0.05. Results In this study, 48.6% of women indicated having experienced intimate partner violence during pregnancy (95% CI: 45.3, 51.7). The odds of intimate partner violence during pregnancy were significantly higher among women who were not able to read and write (AOR = 4.96; 95% CI: 2.15, 11.41), were private workers (AOR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.05, 3.02), and had low decision-making power (AOR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.95), a poor social support (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.32, 3.02), and unsupported pregnancy by family (AOR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.26, 4.24). Whereas a family size of ≥ 5 (AOR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.98) appeared to be a protective factor for intimate partner violence. Conclusion The magnitude of intimate partner violence was unacceptably high in the study area and connected to poor women's empowerment and social determinants of health. Thus, it is important to focus on interventions that improve women's access to social support and allow them to participate in all aspects of household decision-making through community-based structures and networks. It is also important to encourage women to improve their educational status and arrange risk-free employment opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmeraw Ambachew Kebede
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mastewal Belayneh Aklil
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- *Correspondence: Mastewal Belayneh Aklil
| | - Dereje Nibret Gessesse
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Nuhamin Tesfa Tsega
- Department of Women's and Family Health, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Wubedle Zelalem Temesgan
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Marta Yimam Abegaz
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tazeb Alemu Anteneh
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Nebiyu Solomon Tibebu
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Haymanot Nigatu Alemu
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tsion Tadesse Haile
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asmra Tesfahun Seyoum
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Agumas Eskezia Tiguh
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ayenew Engida Yismaw
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Goshu Nenko
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kindu Yinges Wondie
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Birhan Tsegaw Taye
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia
| | - Muhabaw Shumye Mihret
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Ankerstjerne LBS, Laizer SN, Andreasen K, Normann AK, Wu C, Linde DS, Rasch V. Landscaping the evidence of intimate partner violence and postpartum depression: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e051426. [PMID: 35584869 PMCID: PMC9119188 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the evidence of the association between exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and postpartum depression. IPV during pregnancy can have immediate and long-term physical and mental health consequences for the family. Therefore, it has been hypothesised that IPV may affect the risk of developing postpartum depression. METHODS A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Global Health Library, Scopus and Google scholar were searched for published studies without restrictions on language, time or study design (up to May 2020). Studies were included if they assessed postpartum depression using the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (cut-off≥10), among women who had been exposed to IPV (emotional, physical and/or sexual abuse). The quality of studies was judged according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS A total of 33 studies were included in the review (participants n=131 131). The majority of studies found an association between exposure to IPV and the development of signs of postpartum depression. Overall, studies measured both exposure and outcome in various ways and controlled for a vast number of different confounders. Thirty percent of the studies were set in low-income and lower-middle-income countries while the rest were set in upper-middle-income and high-income countries and the association did not differ across settings. Among the studies reporting adjusted OR (aOR) (n=26), the significant aOR ranged between 1.18 and 6.87 (95% CI 1.12 to 11.78). The majority of the studies were judged as 'good quality' (n=20/33). CONCLUSION We found evidence of an association between exposure to IPV and the development of signs of postpartum depression. Meta-analysis or individual patient data meta-analysis is required to quantify the magnitude of the association between IPV and postpartum depression. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020209435.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Bo Sønderlund Ankerstjerne
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sweetness Naftal Laizer
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Karen Andreasen
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne Katrine Normann
- Deparment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Chunsen Wu
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ditte Søndergaard Linde
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Rasch
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Odense Universitets hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Fetene G, Tesfaye T, Negesse Y, Dulla D. Factors associated with preterm birth among mothers who gave birth at public Hospitals in Sidama regional state, Southeast Ethiopia: Unmatched case-control study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265594. [PMID: 35442955 PMCID: PMC9020679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth remains the commonest cause of neonatal mortality, and morbidity representing one of the principal targets of neonatal health care. Ethiopia is one of the countries which shoulder the highest burden of preterm birth. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess factors associated with preterm birth at public hospitals in Sidama regional state. METHODS Facility-based case-control study was conducted at public hospitals in Sidama regional state, from 1st June to 1st September/2020. In this study, a total of 135 cases and 270 controls have participated. To recruit cases and controls consecutive sampling methods and simple random sampling techniques were used respectively. Data were collected using pretested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, and checklist via chart review. Data were entered using EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Independent variables with P-value < 0.25 in the bivariate logistic regression were candidates for multivariable logistic regression analysis. Finally, statistical significance was declared at P-value < 0.05. RESULTS The response rate was 100%. Rural resident (AOR = 2.034; 95%CI: 1.242, 3.331), no antenatal care service utilization (AOR = 2.516; 95%CI: 1.406, 4.503), pregnancy-induced hypertension (AOR = 2.870; 95%CI: 1.519, 5.424), chronic medical problem during pregnancy (AOR = 2.507; 95%CI: 1.345, 4.676), urinary tract infections (AOR = 3.023; 95%CI: 1.657, 5.513), birth space less than 2 years (AOR = 3.029; 95%CI: 1.484, 6.179), and physical intimate violence (AOR = 2.876; 95%CI: 1.534, 5.393) were significantly associated with preterm birth. CONCLUSION Most of the risk factors of preterm birth were found to be modifiable. Community mobilization on physical violence during pregnancy and antenatal care follow-up are the ground for the prevention of preterm birth because attentive and critical antenatal care screening practice could early identify risk factors. Besides, information communication education about preterm birth prevention was recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gossa Fetene
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
| | - Tamirat Tesfaye
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Yilkal Negesse
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
| | - Dubale Dulla
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
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Da Thi Tran T, Murray L, Van Vo T. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and maternal and child health outcomes: a scoping review of the literature from low-and-middle income countries from 2016 - 2021. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:315. [PMID: 35418053 PMCID: PMC9006493 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is significantly associated with negative outcomes for both mother and child. Current evidence indicates an association between low levels of social support and IPV, however there is less evidence from low-and-middle income countries (LMIC) than high-income countries. Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has radically altered how women can access social support. Hence since 2020, studies investigating IPV and pregnancy have occurred within the changing social context of the pandemic. Objective This scoping review summarizes the evidence from LMICs about the effects of IPV during pregnancy on maternal and child health. The review includes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social support as mentioned in studies conducted since 2020. Design Library databases were used to identify papers from 2016 to 2021. These studies reported the maternal and child health outcomes of IPV during pregnancy, and described how social support during pregnancy, and the COVID-19 pandemic, were associated with rates of IPV during pregnancy. Observational study designs, qualitative and mixed methods studies were included. Results Twenty - six studies from 13 LMICs were included. Half (n = 13) were cross sectional studies which only collected data at one time-point. IPV during pregnancy was significantly associated with higher odds of postpartum depression, low birth weight, preterm birth and less breastfeeding in the year after birth. Lower levels of social support increased the odds of experiencing IPV during pregnancy, whilst higher levels of social support reduced antenatal anxiety and depression in women experiencing IPV during pregnancy. Of the four studies that investigated IPV during pregnancy throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, only one compared prevalence before and after the pandemic and unexpectedly reported a lower prevalence. Conclusions Further research on the impact of IPV during pregnancy on maternal and child outcomes in LMICs is required, especially evidence from longitudinal studies investigating a wider range of outcomes. To date, there is limited evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on IPV during pregnancy in LMICs, and this should be prioritized as the pandemic continues to affect women’s access to social support globally. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-04604-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Da Thi Tran
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Wellington, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Linda Murray
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Wellington, Aotearoa, New Zealand.
| | - Thang Van Vo
- Institute for Community Health Research, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
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Propensity score analysis of psychological intimate partner violence and preterm birth. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2942. [PMID: 35190645 PMCID: PMC8861009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological intimate partner violence (IPV), a global public health problem, affects mothers during pregnancy. We evaluated its relationship with preterm birth. We established a cohort of 779 consecutive mothers receiving antenatal care and giving birth in 15 public hospitals in Spain. Trained midwives collected IPV data using the Index of Spouse Abuse validated in the Spanish language. Preterm was defined as birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation. Gestational age was estimated by early ultrasound. With multivariate logistic regression we estimated the relative association of IPV with preterm birth as adjusted odds ratios (AOR), with 95% confidence intervals (CI). In propensity score analysis, using weighting by inverse probability of exposure to IPV, the whole sample was used for estimating the absolute difference in probability of preterm amongst offspring born to mothers with and without IPV. Socio-demographic and other pregnancy characteristics served as covariates in both analyses. Preterm occurred in 57 (7.3%) pregnancies. Psychological IPV, experienced by 151 (21%) mothers, was associated with preterm birth (11.9% vs 6.5%; AOR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.1–5.0; p = 0.01). The absolute preterm difference in psychological IPV compared to normal was 0.08 (95% CI = 0.01–0.16; p = 0.04). The probability of preterm birth was 8% higher on average in women with psychological IPV during pregnancy. As our analysis controlled for selection bias, our findings give credence to a causal inference. Screening and management for psychological IPV during pregnancy is an important step in antenatal care to prevent preterm birth.
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Kaforau LS, Tessema GA, Bugoro H, Pereira G, Jancey J. Lived experiences of women with low birth weight infants in the Solomon Islands: A descriptive qualitative study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0001008. [PMID: 36962868 PMCID: PMC10022132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Every year, around 20 million women worldwide give birth to low birth weight (LBW) infants, with majority of these births occurring in low-and middle-income countries, including the Solomon Islands. Few studies have explored the pregnancy lived experience of women who deliver LBW infants. The aim of the study is to understand the lived experience of women in the Solomon Islands who gave birth to LBW infants by exploring their personal (socio-demographic and health), behavioural, social and environmental contexts. We used a qualitative descriptive approach and purposely selected 18 postnatal women with LBW infants in the Solomon Islands for an in-depth interview. All data were analysed using thematic analysis in NVivo. We identified six themes reported as being related to LBW: health issues, diet and nutrition, substance use, domestic violence, environmental conditions and antenatal care. Our findings suggest that women in the Solomon Islands are exposed to various personal, behavioural, social and environmental risk factors during pregnancy that can impact birth outcomes, particularly LBW. We recommend further research should be redirected to look at the factors/themes identified in the interviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia S Kaforau
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Solomon Islands National University, Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - Gizachew A Tessema
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hugo Bugoro
- School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Solomon Islands National University, Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - Gavin Pereira
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Jonine Jancey
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Shitu S, Yeshaneh A, Abebe H. Intimate partner violence and associated factors among reproductive age women during COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Ethiopia, 2020. Reprod Health 2021; 18:246. [PMID: 34903249 PMCID: PMC8667533 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-021-01297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background World health organization (WHO) defines intimate partner violence (IPV) is physical, sexual, or emotional abuse by an intimate partner or ex-partner or spouse to a woman. From all forms of violence, ~ 1.3 million people worldwide die each year, accounting for 2.5% of global mortality. During the COVID-19 crisis, control and prevention measures have brought women and potential perpetrators together which increase the risk of IPV. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of IPV against women during COVID-19 in Ethiopia. Methods Community based cross-section study was employed among 462 reproductive-age women to assess IPV and associated factors during COVID-19 pandemic. To select study participants one-stage cluster sampling technique was used. The data were entered into Epi data version 4.2 and exported to SPSS for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was used to check the association of dependent and independent variables and statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05. Result A total of 448 study subjects were responded making a response rate of 96.97%. Two- third (67.6%) of the respondent's age range was between 20 and 29 years. All of the participants heard about the pandemic of COVID-19 at the time of onset. The lifetime and the last twelve months prevalence of women with IPV was 42.19% and 24.11%, respectively. About 58 (12.9%) had experienced all three types of violence. Participants age ≥ 35 (AOR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.99–4.29), rural residence (AOR = 3.04; 95% CI: 2.59–6.25), husband’s educational status of diploma and above (AOR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.14–0.83), COVID-19 pandemic (AOR = 4.79; 95% CI: 1.13–6.86), and low social support (AOR = 3.23; 95% CI: 1.99–6.23) were independent predictors. Conclusions In this study two in five women undergo one type of violence in their lifetime. The occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic has its impact on violence. Age ≥ 35, rural residence, husband’s educational status of diploma and above, history of child death, COVID-19 pandemic, and low social support were independent predictors of violence. This implies insight to concerned bodies like policymakers and stakeholders to design appropriate policies to avert this magnitude and making zero tolerance for violence in society. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12978-021-01297-3. Intimate partner violence is physical, sexual, or emotional abuse by an intimate partner or ex-partner or spouse to a woman. Community based cross-section study was employed among 462 reproductive-age women to assess the magnitude and associated factors of IPV against women during COVID-19 in Ethiopia. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was used to check the association of dependent and independent variables and statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05. A total of 448 study subjects were responded making a response rate of 96.97%. In this study two in five women undergo one type of violence in their lifetime. The occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic has its impact on violence. Age ≥ 35, rural residence, husband’s educational status of diploma and above, history of child death, COVID-19 pandemic and low social support were independent predictors of violence. This sparks light to concerned bodies like policymakers and stack holders to design appropriate policies to avert this magnitude and making zero tolerance for violence in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Shitu
- Department of Midwifery, Wolkite University College of Health and Medical Sciences, Wolkite University, PO BOX 07, Wolkite, Ethiopia.
| | - Alex Yeshaneh
- Department of Midwifery, Wolkite University College of Health and Medical Sciences, Wolkite University, PO BOX 07, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Haimanot Abebe
- Department of Public Health, Wolkite University College of Health and Medical Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
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Sulaiman B, Omonua KI, Opadiran OR, Yabagi AI. Intimate partner violence among obstetric population at university of Abuja teaching hospital, Abuja, Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J 2021; 28:255-258. [PMID: 34850752 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_413_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) did not spare pregnant women despite their physiological and anatomical changes in pregnancy. The epidemiology and outcomes of IPV change with time in the society. Study Objectives The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of and risk factors associated with IPV among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic. Settings and Design This was a cross-sectional, hospital-based study conducted at the Antenatal Clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria. Subjects and Methods This study involved 403 pregnant women. The Hurt, Insult, Threaten and Scream (HITS) questionnaire was used to collect information and data recorded and analysed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-squared, Fisher's test and logistic regression) were used. Level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results The prevalence of IPV in pregnancy was 56.3% and the modal score was 4. About 11.9% of the women had a positive (severe) HITS score while 38.4% of the women experienced insult as the most common form of violence. There was a statistically significant association between the level of the score and marriage settings (P < 0.001), education of the woman (P < 0.001), education status of the husband (P < 0.001), occupation of the woman (P < 0.001), occupation of the husband (P < 0.001) and social habit of the husband (P < 0.001). Conclusion The prevalence of IPV was high from this study. Improvement in education status of the husband and employment status of both the wife and the husband can significantly affect violence against women positively in our society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Sulaiman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria
| | - Kate Ifeoma Omonua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria
| | | | - Aliyu Isah Yabagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria
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Chandra PS, Bajaj A, Desai G, Satyanarayana VA, Sharp HM, Ganjekar S, Supraja TA, Jangam KV, Venkatram L, Kandavel T. Anxiety and depressive symptoms in pregnancy predict low birth weight differentially in male and female infants-findings from an urban pregnancy cohort in India. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:2263-2274. [PMID: 34114109 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the contributions of antenatal anxiety, depression, and partner violence to low birth weight (LBW) in infants and to sex-specific birth weight outcomes among mothers from a cohort in urban India. METHODS Data from 700 mothers from the PRAMMS cohort (Prospective Assessment of Maternal Mental Health Study) were used. Pregnant women were assessed in each trimester-T1, T2 and T3, for symptoms of anxiety, and depression as well as partner violence. Multivariate analyses were performed for the whole sample and then for male and female infants separately. The final multivariable logistic regression models were each built using a backward selection procedure and controlling for confounders. To accommodate longitudinally measured data, change in scores (T2-T1 and T3-T2) of anxiety and depression were included in the model. RESULTS Of the 583 women with a singleton live birth, birth weight was available for 514 infants and LBW was recorded in 80 infants (15.6%). Of these, 23 infants were preterm. Overall, higher T1 Depression scores (OR: 1.11; 95% CI 1.040, 1.187) and an increase in both Depression scores (OR: 1.12; 95% CI 1.047, 1.195) from T1 to T2 and Anxiety scores (OR: 1.32; 95% CI 1.079, 1.603) between T2 and T3 were predictors of LBW. Female infants had a higher chance of LBW with increase in maternal anxiety between T1-T2 (OR: 1.69; 95% CI 1.053, 2.708) and T2-T3 (OR: 1.49; 95% CI 1.058, 2.086); partner violence during pregnancy just failed to reach conventional statistical significance (OR: 2.48; 95% CI 0.810, 7.581) in girls. Male infants had a higher chance of LBW with higher baseline depression scores at T1 (OR: 1.23; 95% CI 1.042, 1.452) and an increase in depression scores (OR: 1.25; 95% CI 1.060, 1.472) from T1 to T2. CONCLUSION Increasing prenatal anxiety and depressive symptoms in different trimesters of pregnancy were associated with LBW with sex-specific patterns of association in this sample from a Low and Middle Income Country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha S Chandra
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - Aakash Bajaj
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Geetha Desai
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Veena A Satyanarayana
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Helen M Sharp
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sundarnag Ganjekar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - T A Supraja
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Kavita V Jangam
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Latha Venkatram
- Department of Obstetrics, Rangadore Memorial Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Thennarasu Kandavel
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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Doncarli A, Araujo-Chaveron L, Crenn-Hebert C, Demiguel V, Boudet-Berquier J, Barry Y, Gomes Do Espirito Santo ME, Guajardo-Villar A, Menguy C, Tabaï A, Wyndels K, Benachi A, Regnault N. Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and first lockdown on pregnancy monitoring in France: the COVIMATER cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:799. [PMID: 34847872 PMCID: PMC8630988 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, consultations and pregnancy monitoring examinations had to be reorganised urgently. In addition, women themselves may have postponed or cancelled their medical monitoring for organisational reasons, for fear of contracting the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) or for other reasons of their own. Delayed care can have deleterious consequences for both the mother and the child. Our objective was therefore to study the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the first lockdown in France on voluntary changes by pregnant women in the medical monitoring of their pregnancy and the associated factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in July 2020 using a web-questionnaire completed by 500 adult (> 18 years old) pregnant women during the first French lockdown (March-May 2020). A robust variance Poisson regression model was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs). RESULTS Almost one women of five (23.4%) reported having voluntarily postponed or foregone at least one consultation or pregnancy check-up during the lockdown. Women who were professionally inactive (aPR = 1.98, CI95%[1.24-3.16]), who had experienced serious disputes or violence during the lockdown (1.47, [1.00-2.16]), who felt they received little or no support (1.71, [1.07-2.71]), and those who changed health professionals during the lockdown (1.57, [1.04-2.36]) were all more likely to have voluntarily changed their pregnancy monitoring. Higher level of worry about the pandemic was associated with a lower probability of voluntarily changing pregnancy monitoring (0.66, [0.46-0.96]). CONCLUSIONS Our results can guide prevention and support policies for pregnant women in the current and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Doncarli
- Santé publique France, French national public health agency, Non-Communicable Diseases and Trauma Division, Perinatology, Early childhood and Mental Health Unit, 14, rue du Val d'Osne, F-94415, Saint-Maurice, France.
| | - Lucia Araujo-Chaveron
- Santé publique France, French national public health agency, Non-Communicable Diseases and Trauma Division, Perinatology, Early childhood and Mental Health Unit, 14, rue du Val d'Osne, F-94415, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Catherine Crenn-Hebert
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Louis Mourier University Hospital, AP-HP, Colombes, France
| | - Virginie Demiguel
- Santé publique France, French national public health agency, Non-Communicable Diseases and Trauma Division, Perinatology, Early childhood and Mental Health Unit, 14, rue du Val d'Osne, F-94415, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Julie Boudet-Berquier
- Santé publique France, French national public health agency, Non-Communicable Diseases and Trauma Division, Perinatology, Early childhood and Mental Health Unit, 14, rue du Val d'Osne, F-94415, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Yaya Barry
- Santé publique France, French national public health agency, Non-Communicable Diseases and Trauma Division, Perinatology, Early childhood and Mental Health Unit, 14, rue du Val d'Osne, F-94415, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Maria-Eugênia Gomes Do Espirito Santo
- Santé publique France, French national public health agency, Non-Communicable Diseases and Trauma Division, Perinatology, Early childhood and Mental Health Unit, 14, rue du Val d'Osne, F-94415, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Andrea Guajardo-Villar
- Santé publique France, French national public health agency, Data processing, support and analysis department, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Claudie Menguy
- Santé publique France, French national public health agency, Non-Communicable Diseases and Trauma Division, Perinatology, Early childhood and Mental Health Unit, 14, rue du Val d'Osne, F-94415, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Anouk Tabaï
- Santé publique France, French national public health agency, Alert and crisis department, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Karine Wyndels
- Santé Publique France, French national public health agency, Hauts-de-France regional office, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Alexandra Benachi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Antoine Béclère Hospital, AP-HP, Clamart, France
- Paris Saclay University, Clamart, France
| | - Nolwenn Regnault
- Santé publique France, French national public health agency, Non-Communicable Diseases and Trauma Division, Perinatology, Early childhood and Mental Health Unit, 14, rue du Val d'Osne, F-94415, Saint-Maurice, France
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Adomako EB, Darkwa Baffour F. Suffering in the Hands of a Loved One: The Endemic to Intimate Partner Violence and Consequences on Migrant Female Head-Load Carriers in Ghana. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP11940-NP11967. [PMID: 31789080 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519888547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study contributed to filling a knowledge gap in the area of intimate partner violence (IPV). Previous studies conducted in Ghana have investigated the causes and types of IPV, leaving a gap on the consequences the violence had on the victims. Using a population of local economic migrants (hereafter, head-load carriers), a qualitative design with emphasis on phenomenology was employed to investigate the effects of IPV on 20 head-load carriers in two major cities in Ghana (Kumasi and Accra). The analysis performed on the data, using interpretive phenomenological analysis, revealed that IPV affected the head-load carriers' health, employment, and human relationships. Each of the participants spoke of one or more health complications, which they attributed to IPV. Among the health-related effects reported by the head-load carriers were body pains, wounds, depression, suicide ideation, headache, and abdominal pains that resulted from the termination of an unwanted pregnancy. All the head-load carriers recounted the detrimental outcomes of IPV on their job and human relationships. After they had experienced IPV, some of the victims could not go to work due to fear of stigmatization and those who were able to could not work as they usually do due to severe pain. At their workplace, some of the IPV victims became aggressive toward customers and coworkers, whereas others remained isolated. These negatively impacted on their human relationship skills and earnings. Based on the findings, there is the need for policies that seek to address IPV to consider the effects on victims' employment, earning, and behavior.
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Arora S, Rege S, Bhate-Deosthali P, Thwin SS, Amin A, García-Moreno C, Meyer SR. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of health care providers trained in responding to violence against women: a pre- and post-intervention study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1973. [PMID: 34724912 PMCID: PMC8561996 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence against women is a serious public health concern, and is highly prevalent globally, including in India. Health-care providers [HCPs] can play an important role in addressing and reducing negative consequences of violence against women. We implemented a pre-post intervention study of HCP training in three tertiary care facilities in Maharashtra, India. METHODS The study used a pre-post intervention design with assessment of HCPs' (n = 201) knowledge, attitudes, perceived preparedness and practice at three time points: before training, after training and at 6 months follow- up. RESULTS Total median score of knowledge about common signs and symptoms of violence (8.89 vs, 10.00), attitudes towards acceptability of violence (9.05 vs. 10.00), individual (6.74 vs. 10.00) and system level preparedness (6.11 vs. 8.14) improved from pre to post- training. The generalized estimating equation [GEE] model, adjusted for age, sex, site and department, showed an improvement in knowledge, attitudes and preparedness post- training. The change from pre to 6 months follow- up was not significant for attitude. CONCLUSIONS This package of interventions, including training of HCPs, improved HCPs' knowledge, attitudes and practices, yet changes in attitudes and preparedness did not sustain over time. This study indicates feasibility and positive influence of a multi-component intervention to improve HCP readiness to respond to violence against women in a low-resource setting. Future phases of intervention development include adapting this intervention package for primary and secondary health facilities in this context, and future research should assess these interventions using a rigorous experimental design. Finally, these results can be used to advocate for multi-layered, systems-based approaches to strengthening health response to violence against women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjida Arora
- CEHAT - Centre for Enquiry into Health and Allied Themes, Mumbai, India.
| | - Sangeeta Rege
- CEHAT - Centre for Enquiry into Health and Allied Themes, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Soe Soe Thwin
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Avni Amin
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudia García-Moreno
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah R Meyer
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Yaya S, Odusina EK, Adjei NK, Uthman OA. Association between intimate partner violence during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1610. [PMID: 34479527 PMCID: PMC8414853 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm birth is a risk factor for child survival in both the short and long term. In Zimbabwe, the prevalence of preterm birth is rising, and there are growing concerns about the adverse consequences. This study explored the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy and preterm birth in Zimbabwe. Methods Using data from the 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey, we applied propensity score matching to estimate the effect of IPV during pregnancy on preterm birth among women of reproductive age (15–49 years). A total of 4833 pregnant women who gave birth during the five years preceding the survey were analysed. Results We successfully matched 79 women who were exposed to IPV during pregnancy to 372 unexposed during pregnancy. Using the matched sample, the probability of preterm delivery was significantly higher among women who were exposed to IPV during pregnancy than those who were not exposed. The findings showed that 7 out of 79 (8.9%) of women exposed to IPV during pregnancy experienced preterm delivery, and 11 out of 372 (3.0%) of those who were not exposed to IPV during pregnancy experienced preterm delivery. In the urban areas, those exposed to IPV during pregnancy were almost five times more likely to experience preterm delivery (OR = 4.8, 95% CI 2.0–11.6), but the association was not significantly different among women in rural areas. Conclusion The findings showed that women exposed to IPV during pregnancy were at increased risk of preterm birth. Some of the risk factors associated with IPV were urban residence, low economic status and unemployment. Effective policies and programmes are required to address the issue of IPV in Zimbabwe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanni Yaya
- School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, 120 University Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada. .,The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Nicholas Kofi Adjei
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Olalekan A Uthman
- Warwick Centre for Applied Health Research and Delivery (WCAHRD), Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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Rahman M, Uddin H, Lata LN, Uddin J. Associations of forms of intimate partner violence with low birth weight in India: findings from a population-based Survey. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:7972-7979. [PMID: 34182867 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1940129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies report a significant association between a lifetime measure of intimate partner violence (IPV) and low birth weight (LBW) in low-income and economically developed countries. However, it remains relatively unclear how different forms of IPV affect LBW in low-income countries. This study examines the associations of various forms of IPV with two measures of birth outcomes - LBW and birth weight in India. METHODS This study used the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) 2015-2016 data of India. The analysis included 11,423 women aged 15-49 years. Using both logistic and linear regression analyses, we assessed the associations of various forms of IPV with binary and continuous measures of birth weight. The analysis controlled for several potential covariates. RESULTS In fully-adjusted regression models, women who experienced any IPV, compared to those who had not experienced any IPV, were 1.19 times (95% CI: 1.02-1.37) as likely to give birth to an LBW baby. Compared to those who had not experienced any physical violence (PV), women who experienced any PV were 1.16 times (95% CI: 1.00-1.35) as likely to have an LBW baby. Moreover, compared to those who had not experienced any emotional violence (EV), women who experienced any EV were 1.29 times (95% CI: 1.06-1.56) as likely to have LBW babies. Linear regression analysis found that any IPV exposure was associated with a significant decrease in birth weight in the fully-adjusted model (b = -32.39; 95% CI: -63.39 to -1.73). Further, experience of any PV (b = -28.40; 95% CI: -60.13 to 3.36) and any EV (b = -51.69; 95% CI: -93.97 to -9.42) appear to be negatively associated with a continuous measure of birth weight. CONCLUSION Findings have implications for public health policies and interventions that protect women from exposure to intimate partner violence for ensuring better maternal health and birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helal Uddin
- Department of Sociology, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lutfun Nahar Lata
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jalal Uddin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Nath A, Venkatesh S, Vindhya J, Balan S, Metgud CS. Prevalence of intimate partner violence among pregnant women attending a public sector hospital in Bengaluru, southern India. THE NATIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDIA 2021; 34:132-137. [PMID: 34825535 DOI: 10.25259/nmji_309_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is recognized as an important public health problem globally as well as in India. It may result in adverse physical and mental health consequences for the victim or unfavourable pregnancy outcomes if it happens during pregnancy. The possible risk factors for IPV can be explained by four levels of ecological factors: individual, partner, household and community. We estimated the prevalence of IPV and its association with selected ecological risk factors among pregnant women availing of antenatal care at a public sector hospital in Bengaluru, southern India. Methods We included 350 women above the age of 18 years with a confirmed pregnancy of less than 24 weeks and having no obstetric complication. We used the Conflict Tactics Scale to determine the presence of IPV. The risk factors measured were-individual level: respondent's age, education, occupation, gravidity, planned or unplanned pregnancy, substance abuse, presence of depression and anxiety; partner-related: spouse's education, occupation and marital discord; household/community-related: socioeconomic status, social support, religion and consanguinity. Results The prevalence of IPV was 3.7%. Factors that were significantly associated on multivariate analysis were higher age (above 20 years) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.82 [1.12-2.97], p=0.016) and presence of depression (AOR 6.84 [1.76-26.61], p=0.005). Conclusion The prevalence of IPV was less in our study population compared to figures reported from other Indian study settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Nath
- National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shubhashree Venkatesh
- Indian Institute of Public Health Hyderabad-Bengaluru Campus, Public Health Foundation of India, Bengaluru, India
| | - J Vindhya
- Indian Institute of Public Health Hyderabad-Bengaluru Campus, Public Health Foundation of India, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sheeba Balan
- Indian Institute of Public Health Hyderabad-Bengaluru Campus, Public Health Foundation of India, Bengaluru, India
| | - Chandra S Metgud
- Department of Community Medicine, J.N. Medical College, K.L.E. University, Belgavi, Karnataka, India
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Magnusson FL, Rogathi JJ, Sigalla GN, Manongi R, Rasch V, Gammeltoft T, Meyrowitsch DW. Does resilience moderate the effect of intimate partner violence on signs of depression among Tanzanian pregnant women: A cross-sectional study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2021; 100:768-774. [PMID: 33316080 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) has been found to be associated with a multitude of poor health and quality of life outcomes. Among the risks exacerbated by IPV is prenatal depression. Resilience is hypothesized to protect against psychopathology after exposure to a traumatic influence. The present study aims to investigate resilience as a moderator of the effect of exposure to IPV on prenatal depression among pregnant women in Moshi, Tanzania. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, nested within a larger longitudinal study, pregnant women receiving antenatal care were interviewed about exposure to IPV, signs of depression using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, and resilience using the abbreviated Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Logistic regression was used to test the effect of the interaction term of resilience and exposure to IPV during pregnancy on the risk of high level of signs of depression. RESULTS In total, 1013 women completed all interviews, 300 women reported exposure to IPV, and 113 had high levels of signs of depression. Mean resilience score was 14.26 (SD 9.45). Exposure to IPV was correlated with signs of depression (adjusted odds ratio 6.49, 95% CI 3.75-11.24). Resilience was not correlated with signs of depression, nor was the interaction term of resilience and exposure to IPV. CONCLUSIONS The study did not find that resilience acted as a moderator of the effect of exposure to IPV during pregnancy on the risk of prenatal depression. The cross-sectional design of the study may not be well suited to investigate resilience, which could take time to manifest. The abbreviated Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale has not been validated in a Tanzanian setting, or in the Swahili version. Practitioners should take note that all women and families affected by IPV should be afforded relevant assistance from social services, law enforcement, healthcare practitioners, and other relevant services, regardless of their apparent level of resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik L Magnusson
- Department of Public Health, School of Global Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jane J Rogathi
- Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania.,Community Health Department, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Geofrey N Sigalla
- Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania.,Department of Health Services, Marie Stopes Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Rachel Manongi
- Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Vibeke Rasch
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tine Gammeltoft
- Department of Anthropology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dan W Meyrowitsch
- Department of Public Health, School of Global Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Farshid F, Faezeh S. Epidemiological study of injuries caused by violence and conflict in forensic medical records of selected cities of Sistan and Baluchistan province in 2020. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 9:5165-5170. [PMID: 33409182 PMCID: PMC7773072 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_702_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Interpersonal violence is a socially traumatic and unpleasant phenomenon. These violence-related injuries are sometimes irreparable and can become a permanent problem, Violence in Iran is one of the five most socially harmed and has increased dramatically in recent years, therefore the present research aimed to investigate epidemiological study of injuries caused by violence and conflict in forensic medical records of selected cities of Sistan and Baluchistan province in 2020 considering this subject must be one of our priorities. Methods This study was a descriptive study performed in forensic medicine centers of two cities in Sistan and Baluchistan province, Iran. The population consisted of existing citations and records, sample size based on similar studies and the recommendation of professors, all available records were considered and census method was used to select the samples. The data gathering tool consisted of two sections: demographic information and violence and conflict. Content validity method and reliability test were used to determine the validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using SPSS24 software. Results The results showed that the majority of the sample was 20-29 years old, male, married, self-employed and high school graduated, living in the eastern part of the city, with no history of mental illness, domestic violence, child abuse, and spouse abuse. The majority of the study units did not use any drugs. The most violent were beatings and bullying. It included several organs such as limbs, soft tissue damage with bleeding. Conclusion The results of this study indicate the importance of epidemiological analysis of violence and conflict in the provinces under study and show that appropriate solutions and culture building, as well as increasing awareness of the impact of violence and conflict on individuals and their injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fallahi Farshid
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahbaeiroy Faezeh
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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