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Jiang Y, Dou H, Wang X, Song T, Jia Y, Yue Y, Li L, He F, Kong L, Wu Z, Huang X, Liang Y, Jiao B, Jiao B. Analysis of seasonal H3N2 influenza virus epidemic characteristics and whole genome features in Jining City from 2018 to 2023. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29846. [PMID: 39138641 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Seasonal H3N2 influenza virus, known for its rapid evolution, poses a serious threat to human health. This study focuses on analyzing the influenza virus trends in Jining City (2018-2023) and understanding the evolving nature of H3N2 strains. Data on influenza-like cases were gathered from Jining City's sentinel hospitals: Jining First People's Hospital and Rencheng Maternal and Child Health Hospital, using the Chinese Influenza Surveillance Information System. Over the period from 2018 to 2023, 7844 throat swab specimens were assessed using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR for influenza virus nucleic acid detection. For cases positive for seasonal H3N2 influenza virus, virus isolation was followed by whole genome sequencing. Evolutionary trees were built for the eight gene segments, and protein variation analysis was performed. From 2018 to 2023, influenza-like cases in Jining City represented 6.99% (237 299/3 397 247) of outpatient visits, peaking in December and January. Influenza virus was detected in 15.67% (1229/7844) of cases, primarily from December to February. Notably, no cases were found in the 2020-2021 season. Full genome sequencing was conducted on 70 seasonal H3N2 strains, revealing distinct evolutionary branches across seasons. Significant antigenic site variations in the HA protein were noted. No resistance mutations to inhibitors were found, but some strains exhibited mutations in PA, NS1, PA-X, and PB1-F2. Influenza trends in Jining City saw significant shifts in the 2020-2021 and 2022-2023 seasons. Seasonal H3N2 exhibited rapid evolution. Sustained vigilance is imperative for vaccine updates and antiviral selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Jiang
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Huixin Dou
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Tongyun Song
- Department of Laboratory, Rencheng Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Yongjian Jia
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Ying Yue
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Libo Li
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Feifei He
- Computer Information Technology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Lingming Kong
- Department of AI and Bioinformatics, Nanjing Chengshi BioTech (TheraRNA) Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Zengding Wu
- Department of AI and Bioinformatics, Nanjing Chengshi BioTech (TheraRNA) Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Xiankun Huang
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Yumin Liang
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Boyan Jiao
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Baihai Jiao
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Division of Nephrology, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Li M. Innate immune response against vector-borne bunyavirus infection and viral countermeasures. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1365221. [PMID: 38711929 PMCID: PMC11070517 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1365221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Bunyaviruses are a large group of important viral pathogens that cause significant diseases in humans and animals worldwide. Bunyaviruses are enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA viruses that infect a wide range of hosts. Upon entry into host cells, the components of viruses are recognized by host innate immune system, leading to the activation of downstream signaling cascades to induce interferons (IFNs) and other proinflammatory cytokines. IFNs bind to their receptors and upregulate the expression of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Many ISGs have antiviral activities and confer an antiviral state to host cells. For efficient replication and spread, viruses have evolved different strategies to antagonize IFN-mediated restriction. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the interactions between bunyaviruses and host innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Yin Q, Liu W, Jiang Y, Feng Q, Wang X, Dou H, Liu Z, He F, Fan Y, Jiao B, Jiao B. Comprehensive genomic analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant BA.2.76 in Jining City, China, 2022. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:378. [PMID: 38632523 PMCID: PMC11022347 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10246-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyze the molecular characteristics of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant BA.2.76 in Jining City, China. METHODS Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 87 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Evolutionary trees were constructed using bioinformatics software to analyze sequence homology, variant sites, N-glycosylation sites, and phosphorylation sites. RESULTS All 87 SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequences were classified under the evolutionary branch of the Omicron variant BA.2.76. Their similarity to the reference strain Wuhan-Hu-1 ranged from 99.72 to 99.74%. In comparison to the reference strain Wuhan-Hu-1, the 87 sequences exhibited 77-84 nucleotide differences and 27 nucleotide deletions. A total of 69 amino acid variant sites, 9 amino acid deletions, and 1 stop codon mutation were identified across 18 proteins. Among them, the spike (S) protein exhibited the highest number of variant sites, and the ORF8 protein showed a Q27 stop mutation. Multiple proteins displayed variations in glycosylation and phosphorylation sites. CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, giving rise to new strains with enhanced transmission, stronger immune evasion capabilities, and reduced pathogenicity. The application of high-throughput sequencing technologies in the epidemic prevention and control of COVID-19 provides crucial insights into the evolutionary and variant characteristics of the virus at the genomic level, thereby holding significant implications for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yin
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Yajuan Jiang
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Laboratory, Rencheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Huixin Dou
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Zanzan Liu
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Feifei He
- Computer Information Technology, Northern Arizona University, Arizona, USA
| | - Yingying Fan
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China.
| | - Baihai Jiao
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Boyan Jiao
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China.
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Wu YY, Xing J, Li XF, Yang YL, Shao H, Li J. Roles of interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFIT) family in autoimmune disease. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103453. [PMID: 37741527 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-induced tetrapeptide repeat (IFIT) family proteins are an important component of the antiviral immune response. There are four known members of the human IFIT family, namely IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3 and IFIT5. More and more evidence shows that IFIT family members are involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes in vivo, regulate the homeostasis and differentiation of a variety of cells including immune cells, and are closely related to a variety of autoimmune diseases, which is expected to become a new therapeutic target. This review reviews the biological roles of different IFIT proteins in various autoimmune diseases, and highlights the potential use of these molecules as biomarkers and prognostic factors in autoimmune diseases, with a view to providing ideas for exploring the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhong da Hospital of Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Xing
- China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ying-Li Yang
- Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhong da Hospital of Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Park JY, Sivasankar C, Kirthika P, Prabhu D, Lee JH. Non-Structural Protein-W61 as a Novel Target in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV): An In-Vitro and In-Silico Study on Protein-Protein Interactions with Nucleoprotein and Viral Replication. Viruses 2023; 15:1963. [PMID: 37766369 PMCID: PMC10535573 DOI: 10.3390/v15091963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-structural protein (NSs) and nucleoprotein (NP) of the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) encoded by the S segment are crucial for viral pathogenesis. They reside in viroplasm-like structures (VLS), but their interaction and their significance in viral propagation remain unclear. Here, we investigated the significance of the association between NSs and NP during viral infection through in-silico and in-vitro analyses. Through in-silico analysis, three possible binding sites were predicted, at positions C6S (Cystein at 6th position to Serine), W61Y (Tryptophan 61st to Tyrosine), and S207T (Serine 207th to Threonine), three mutants of NSs were developed by site-directed mutagenesis and tested for NP interaction by co-immunoprecipitation. NSsW61Y failed to interact with the nucleoprotein, which was substantiated by the conformational changes observed in the structural analyses. Additionally, molecular docking analysis corroborated that the NSW61Y mutant protein does not interact well compared to wild-type NSs. Over-expression of wild-type NSs in HeLa cells increased the SFTSV replication by five folds, but NSsW61Y exhibited 1.9-folds less viral replication than wild-type. We demonstrated that the W61Y alteration was implicated in the reduction of NSs-NP interaction and viral replication. Thus, the present study identified a critical NSs site, which could be targeted for development of therapeutic regimens against SFTSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Park
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea (P.K.)
| | - Chandran Sivasankar
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea (P.K.)
| | - Perumalraja Kirthika
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea (P.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Dhamodharan Prabhu
- Centre for Drug Discovery, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, India;
| | - John Hwa Lee
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea (P.K.)
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Kim EH, Park SJ. Emerging Tick-Borne Dabie bandavirus: Virology, Epidemiology, and Prevention. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2309. [PMID: 37764153 PMCID: PMC10536723 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS), caused by Dabie bandavirus (SFTSV), is an emerging infectious disease first identified in China. Since its discovery, infections have spread throughout East Asian countries primarily through tick bites but also via transmission between animals and humans. The expanding range of ticks, the primary vectors for SFTSV, combined with migration patterns of tick-carrying birds, sets the stage for the global spread of this virus. SFTSV rapidly evolves due to continuous mutation and reassortment; currently, no approved vaccines or antiviral drugs are available. Thus, the threat this virus poses to global health is unmistakable. This review consolidates the most recent research on SFTSV, including its molecular characteristics, transmission pathways through ticks and other animals, as well as the progress in antiviral drug and vaccine development, encompassing animal models and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ha Kim
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-Emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea;
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Division of Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Liu T, Li J, Wang X, Huang T, Wu W, Li A, Li C, Huang X, Wang Q, Li D, Wang S, Liang M. Knockout of CLTC gene reduces but not completely block SFTSV infection. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285673. [PMID: 37624798 PMCID: PMC10456188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Clathrin is a key protein for viruses to enter host cells. Previous studies often use clathrin inhibitors or gene knockdown technology to partially inhibit the function of clathrin, but whether SFTSV can infect host cells without clathrin expression remains unclear. In this research, a clathrin heavy chains (CLTC) knockout A549 cell line was established by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and the knockout of CLTC was verified by PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence and T7E1 analysis. The off-target effect was evaluated by PCR combined with Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, this research verified that SFTSV infection was significantly inhibited, but not completely blocked, due to the deletion of CLTC protein. Our research also found that lipid raft inhibitor Filipin, other than macropinocytosis inhibitor EIPA, could significantly reduce SFTSV infection, and the inhibition was more obviously observed when Filipin was used in CLTC knockout cells. These result indicated that clathrin-dependent and lipid raft mediated endocytosis are the major two mode used by SFTSV entry. In conclusion, this study constructed a CLTC knockout cell line, which, for the first time, established a cell model for the study of the function of CLTC protein, and provided direct evidence that SFTSV pendent could still infect cells without clathrin. Additionally, we confirmed that lipid raft mediated endocytosis, as a clathrin-independent pathway, could be another key mode for SFTSV entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiezhu Liu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xueqi Wang
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Huang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Aqian Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Huang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dexin Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mifang Liang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Li L, Liu T, Wang Q, Ding Y, Jiang Y, Wu Z, Wang X, Dou H, Jia Y, Jiao B. Genetic characterization and whole-genome sequencing-based genetic analysis of influenza virus in Jining City during 2021-2022. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1196451. [PMID: 37426015 PMCID: PMC10324579 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1196451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The influenza virus poses a significant threat to global public health due to its high mutation rate. Continuous surveillance, development of new vaccines, and public health measures are crucial in managing and mitigating the impact of influenza outbreaks. Methods Nasal swabs were collected from individuals with influenza-like symptoms in Jining City during 2021-2022. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect influenza A viruses, followed by isolation using MDCK cells. Additionally, nucleic acid detection was performed to identify influenza A H1N1, seasonal H3N2, B/Victoria, and B/Yamagata strains. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted on 24 influenza virus strains, and subsequent analyses included characterization, phylogenetic construction, mutation analysis, and assessment of nucleotide diversity. Results A total of 1,543 throat swab samples were collected. The study revealed the dominance of the B/Victoria influenza virus in Jining during 2021-2022. Whole-genome sequencing showed co-prevalence of B/Victoria influenza viruses in the branches of Victoria clade 1A.3a.1 and Victoria clade 1A.3a.2, with a higher incidence observed in winter and spring. Comparative analysis demonstrated lower similarity in the HA, MP, and PB2 gene segments of the 24 sequenced influenza virus strains compared to the Northern Hemisphere vaccine strain B/Washington/02/2019. Mutations were identified in all antigenic epitopes of the HA protein at R133G, N150K, and N197D, and the 17-sequence antigenic epitopes exhibited more than 4 amino acid variation sites, resulting in antigenic drift. Moreover, one sequence had a D197N mutation in the NA protein, while seven sequences had a K338R mutation in the PA protein. Conclusion This study highlights the predominant presence of B/Victoria influenza strain in Jining from 2021 to 2022. The analysis also identified amino acid site variations in the antigenic epitopes, contributing to antigenic drift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Li
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Qingchuan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jining Municipal Government Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Yajuan Jiang
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Zengding Wu
- Department of AI and Bioinformatics, Nanjing Chengshi BioTech (TheraRNA) Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Huixin Dou
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Yongjian Jia
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
| | - Boyan Jiao
- Department of Laboratory, Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, China
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Qu L, Jiao B. The Interplay between Immune and Metabolic Pathways in Kidney Disease. Cells 2023; 12:1584. [PMID: 37371054 PMCID: PMC10296595 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is a significant health problem worldwide, affecting an estimated 10% of the global population. Kidney disease encompasses a diverse group of disorders that vary in their underlying pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and outcomes. These disorders include acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, polycystic kidney disease, diabetic kidney disease, and many others. Despite their distinct etiologies, these disorders share a common feature of immune system dysregulation and metabolic disturbances. The immune system and metabolic pathways are intimately connected and interact to modulate the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. The dysregulation of immune responses in kidney diseases includes a complex interplay between various immune cell types, including resident and infiltrating immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, and complement factors. These immune factors can trigger and perpetuate kidney inflammation, causing renal tissue injury and progressive fibrosis. In addition, metabolic pathways play critical roles in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases, including glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered nutrient sensing. Dysregulation of these metabolic pathways contributes to the progression of kidney disease by inducing renal tubular injury, apoptosis, and fibrosis. Recent studies have provided insights into the intricate interplay between immune and metabolic pathways in kidney diseases, revealing novel therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of kidney diseases. Potential therapeutic strategies include modulating immune responses through targeting key immune factors or inhibiting pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, improving mitochondrial function, and targeting nutrient-sensing pathways, such as mTOR, AMPK, and SIRT1. This review highlights the importance of the interplay between immune and metabolic pathways in kidney diseases and the potential therapeutic implications of targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Qu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-1405, USA
| | - Baihai Jiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-1405, USA
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Wang X, Xu M, Ke H, Ma L, Li L, Li J, Deng F, Wang M, Hu Z, Liu J. Construction and Characterization of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus with a Fluorescent Reporter for Antiviral Drug Screening. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051147. [PMID: 37243233 DOI: 10.3390/v15051147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) caused by a novel bunyavirus (SFTSV) is an emerging infectious disease with up to 30% case fatality. Currently, there are no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines for SFTS. Here, we constructed a reporter SFTSV in which the virulent factor nonstructural protein (NSs) was replaced by eGFP for drug screening. First, we developed a reverse genetics system based on the SFTSV HBMC5 strain. Then, the reporter virus SFTSV-delNSs-eGFP was constructed, rescued, and characterized in vitro. SFTSV-delNSs-eGFP showed similar growth kinetics with the wild-type virus in Vero cells. We further detected the antiviral efficacy of favipiravir and chloroquine against wild-type and recombinant SFTSV by the quantification of viral RNA, and compared the results with that of fluorescent assay using high-content screening. The results showed that SFTSV-delNSs-eGFP could be used as a reporter virus for antiviral drug screening in vitro. In addition, we analyzed the pathogenesis of SFTSV-delNSs-eGFP in interferon receptor-deficient (IFNAR-/-) C57BL/6J mice and found that unlike the fatal infection of the wild-type virus, no obvious pathological change or viral replication were observed in SFTSV-delNSs-eGFP-infected mice. Taken together, the green fluorescence and attenuated pathogenicity make SFTSV-delNSs-eGFP a potent tool for the future high-throughput screening of antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mingyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Huanhuan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Longda Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liushuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Manli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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Chen L, Chen T, Li R, Xu Y, Xiong Y. Recent Advances in the Study of the Immune Escape Mechanism of SFTSV and Its Therapeutic Agents. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040940. [PMID: 37112920 PMCID: PMC10142331 DOI: 10.3390/v15040940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sever fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a new infectious disease that has emerged in recent years and is widely distributed, highly contagious, and lethal, with a mortality rate of up to 30%, especially in people with immune system deficiencies and elderly patients. SFTS is an insidious, negative-stranded RNA virus that has a major public health impact worldwide. The development of a vaccine and the hunt for potent therapeutic drugs are crucial to the prevention and treatment of Bunyavirus infection because there is no particular treatment for SFTS. In this respect, investigating the mechanics of SFTS-host cell interactions is crucial for creating antiviral medications. In the present paper, we summarized the mechanism of interaction between SFTS and pattern recognition receptors, endogenous antiviral factors, inflammatory factors, and immune cells. Furthermore, we summarized the current therapeutic drugs used for SFTS treatment, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of targets and drugs against SFTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ruidong Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yingshu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yongai Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
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12
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Yuan Y, Jiao B, Qu L, Yang D, Liu R. The development of COVID-19 treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125246. [PMID: 36776881 PMCID: PMC9909293 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a pandemic named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has become the greatest worldwide public health threat of this century. Recent studies have unraveled numerous mysteries of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and thus largely improved the studies of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutic strategies. However, important questions remain regarding its therapy. In this review, the recent research advances on COVID-19 mechanism are quickly summarized. We mainly discuss current therapy strategies for COVID-19, with an emphasis on antiviral agents, neutralizing antibody therapies, Janus kinase inhibitors, and steroids. When necessary, specific mechanisms and the history of therapy are present, and representative strategies are described in detail. Finally, we discuss key outstanding questions regarding future directions of the development of COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Baihai Jiao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Lili Qu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Duomeng Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States,*Correspondence: Ruijuan Liu, ; Duomeng Yang,
| | - Ruijuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,*Correspondence: Ruijuan Liu, ; Duomeng Yang,
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13
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Wang T, Xu L, Zhu B, Wang J, Zheng X. Immune escape mechanisms of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:937684. [PMID: 35967309 PMCID: PMC9366518 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.937684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), which is caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV), poses a serious threat to global public health, with high fatalities and an increasing prevalence. As effective therapies and prevention strategies are limited, there is an urgent need to elucidate the pathogenesis of SFTS. SFTSV has evolved several mechanisms to escape from host immunity. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms through which SFTSV escapes host immune responses, including the inhibition of innate immunity and evasion of adaptive immunity. Understanding the pathogenesis of SFTS will aid in the development of new strategies for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junzhong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Junzhong Wang, ; Xin Zheng,
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Junzhong Wang, ; Xin Zheng,
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14
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Moalem Y, Malis Y, Voloshin K, Dukhovny A, Hirschberg K, Sklan EH. Sandfly Fever Viruses Attenuate the Type I Interferon Response by Targeting the Phosphorylation of JAK-STAT Components. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865797. [PMID: 35720342 PMCID: PMC9198438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sandfly fever viruses are emerging Phleboviruses typically causing mild febrile illness. Some strains, however, can cause severe and occasionally fatal neuro-invasive disease. Like most viruses, Phleboviruses have devised various strategies to inhibit the type I interferon (IFN) response to support a productive infection. Still, most of the strategies identified so far focus on inhibiting the sensing arm of the IFN response. In contrast, the effect of sandfly virus infection on signaling from the IFN receptor is less characterized. Therefore, we tested the effect of sandfly fever virus Naples (SFNV) and Sicily (SFSV) infection on IFN signaling. We found that infection with either of these viruses inhibits signaling from the IFN receptor by inhibiting STAT1 phosphorylation and nuclear localization. We show that the viral nonstructural protein NSs mediates these effects, but only NSs from SFNV was found to interact with STAT1 directly. Thus, we tested the upstream IFN signaling components and found that Janus kinase 1 (Jak1) phosphorylation is also impaired by infection. Furthermore, the NSs proteins from both viruses directly interacted with Jak1. Last, we show that IFN inhibition by SFNV and SFSV is most likely downstream of the IFN receptor at the Jak1 level. Overall, our results reveal the multiple strategies used by these related viruses to overcome host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarden Moalem
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehonathan Malis
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Konstantin Voloshin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Dukhovny
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Koret Hirschberg
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ella H Sklan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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15
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Wang M, Tan W, Li J, Fang L, Yue M. The Endless Wars: Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus, Host Immune and Genetic Factors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:808098. [PMID: 35782112 PMCID: PMC9240209 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.808098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging arboviral infectious disease with a high rate of lethality in susceptible humans and caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus (SFTSV). Currently, neither vaccine nor specific antiviral drugs are available. In recent years, given the fact that both the number of SFTS cases and epidemic regions are increasing year by year, SFTS has become a public health problem. SFTSV can be internalized into host cells through the interaction between SFTSV glycoproteins and cell receptors and can activate the host immune system to trigger antiviral immune response. However, SFTSV has evolved multiple strategies to manipulate host factors to create an optimal environment for itself. Not to be discounted, host genetic factors may be operative also in the never-ending winning or losing wars. Therefore, the identifications of SFTSV, host immune and genetic factors, and their interactions are critical for understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of SFTSV infection. This review summarizes the updated pathogenesis of SFTS with regard to virus, host immune response, and host genetic factors to provide some novel perspectives of the prevention, treatment, as well as drug and vaccine developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weilong Tan
- Department of Infection Disease, Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liqun Fang
- State Key Lab Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liqun Fang, ; Ming Yue,
| | - Ming Yue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Liqun Fang, ; Ming Yue,
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16
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Reverse Genetics System for Heartland Bandavirus: NSs Protein Contributes to Heartland Bandavirus Virulence. J Virol 2022; 96:e0004922. [PMID: 35319224 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00049-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heartland bandavirus (HRTV), which is an emerging tick-borne virus first identified in Missouri in 2009, causes fever, fatigue, decreased appetite, headache, nausea, diarrhea, and muscle or joint pain in humans. HRTV is genetically close to Dabie bandavirus, which is the causative agent of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in humans and is known as SFTS virus (SFTSV). The generation of infectious HRTV entirely from cloned cDNAs has not yet been reported. The absence of a reverse genetics system for HRTV has delayed efforts to understand its pathogenesis and to generate vaccines and antiviral drugs. Here, we developed a reverse genetics system for HRTV, which employs an RNA polymerase I-mediated expression system. A recombinant nonstructural protein (NSs)-knockout HRTV (rHRTV-NSsKO) was generated. We found that NSs interrupted signaling associated with innate immunity in HRTV-infected cells. The rHRTV-NSsKO was highly attenuated, indicated by the apparent absence of symptoms in a mouse model of HRTV infection. Moreover, mice immunized with rHRTV-NSsKO survived a lethal dose of HRTV. These findings suggest that NSs is a virulence factor of HRTV and that rHRTV-NSsKO could be a vaccine candidate for HRTV. IMPORTANCE Heartland bandavirus (HRTV) is a tick-borne virus identified in the United States in 2009. HRTV causes fever, fatigue, decreased appetite, headache, nausea, diarrhea, and muscle or joint pain in humans. FDA-approved vaccines and antiviral drugs are unavailable. The lack of a reverse genetics system hampers efforts to develop such antiviral therapeutics. Here, we developed a reverse genetics system for HRTV that led to the generation of a recombinant nonstructural protein (NSs)-knockout HRTV (rHRTV-NSsKO). We found that NSs interrupted signaling associated with innate immunity in HRTV-infected cells. Furthermore, rHRTV-NSsKO was highly attenuated and immunogenic in a mouse model. These findings suggest that NSs is a virulence factor of HRTV and that rHRTV-NSsKO could be a vaccine candidate for HRTV.
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17
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Sizikova TE, Lebedev VN, Borisevich SV. [The molecular evolution of Dabie bandavirus (Phenuiviridae: Bandavirus: Dabie bandavirus), the agent of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome]. Vopr Virusol 2022; 66:409-416. [PMID: 35019247 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Since the Dabie bandavirus (DBV; former SFTS virus, SFTSV) was identified, the epidemics of severe fever with thrombocytopenic syndrome (SFTS) caused by this virus have occurred in several countries in East Asia. The rapid increase in incidence indicates that this infectious agent has a pandemic potential and poses an imminent global public health threat.The analysis of molecular evolution of SFTS agent that includes its variants isolated in China, Japan and South Korea was performed in this review. The evolution rate of DBV and the estimated dates of existence of the common ancestor were ascertained, and the possibility of reassortation was demonstrated.The evolutionary rates of DBV genome segments were estimated to be 2.28 × 10-4 nucleotides/site/year for S-segment, 2.42 × 10-4 for M-segment, and 1.19 × 10-4 for L-segment. The positions of positive selection were detected in the viral genome.Phylogenetic analyses showed that virus may be divided into two clades, containing six different genotypes. The structures of phylogenetic trees for S-, M- and L-segments showed that all genotypes originate from the common ancestor.Data of sequence analysis suggest that DBV use several mechanisms to maintain the high level of its genetic diversity. Understanding the phylogenetic factors that determine the virus transmission is important for assessing the epidemiological characteristics of the disease and predicting its possible outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Sizikova
- FSBI «Central Scientific Research Institute No. 48» of the Ministry of Defense of Russian Federation
| | - V N Lebedev
- FSBI «Central Scientific Research Institute No. 48» of the Ministry of Defense of Russian Federation
| | - S V Borisevich
- FSBI «Central Scientific Research Institute No. 48» of the Ministry of Defense of Russian Federation
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18
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Kwon JS, Jin S, Kim JY, Ra SH, Kim T, Park SY, Kim MC, Park SY, Kim D, Cha HH, Lee HJ, Kim MJ, Chong YP, Lee SO, Choi SH, Kim YS, Lee KH, Kee SH, Kim SH. Viral and Immunologic Factors Associated with Fatal Outcome of Patients with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Korea. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122351. [PMID: 34960620 PMCID: PMC8703577 DOI: 10.3390/v13122351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made on the molecular biology of the severe fever with thrombopenia virus (SFTSV); however, many parts of the pathophysiological mechanisms of mortality in SFTS remain unclear. In this study, we investigated virologic and immunologic factors for fatal outcomes of patients with SFTS. We prospectively enrolled SFTS patients admitted from July 2015 to October 2020. Plasma samples were subjected to SFTSV RNA RT-PCR, multiplex microbead immunoassay for 17 cytokines, and IFA assay. A total of 44 SFTS patients were enrolled, including 37 (84.1%) survivors and 7 (15.9%) non-survivors. Non-survivors had a 2.5 times higher plasma SFTSV load than survivors at admission (p < 0.001), and the viral load in non-survivors increased progressively during hospitalization. In addition, non-survivors did not develop adequate anti-SFTSV IgG, whereas survivors exhibited anti-SFTSV IgG during hospitalization. IFN-α, IL-10, IP-10, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and G-CSF were significantly elevated in non-survivors compared to survivors and did not revert to normal ranges during hospitalization (p < 0.05). Severe signs of inflammation such as a high plasma concentration of IFN-α, IL-10, IP-10, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and G-CSF, poor viral control, and inadequate antibody response during the disease course were associated with mortality in SFTS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Soo Kwon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.-S.K.); (S.J.); (J.-Y.K.); (S.-H.R.); (H.-H.C.); (H.-J.L.); (M.-J.K.); (Y.-P.C.); (S.-O.L.); (S.-H.C.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Sol Jin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.-S.K.); (S.J.); (J.-Y.K.); (S.-H.R.); (H.-H.C.); (H.-J.L.); (M.-J.K.); (Y.-P.C.); (S.-O.L.); (S.-H.C.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Ji-Yeun Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.-S.K.); (S.J.); (J.-Y.K.); (S.-H.R.); (H.-H.C.); (H.-J.L.); (M.-J.K.); (Y.-P.C.); (S.-O.L.); (S.-H.C.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Sang-Hyun Ra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.-S.K.); (S.J.); (J.-Y.K.); (S.-H.R.); (H.-H.C.); (H.-J.L.); (M.-J.K.); (Y.-P.C.); (S.-O.L.); (S.-H.C.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Taeeun Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Se-Yoon Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04401, Korea;
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul 06973, Korea;
| | - Seong-Yeon Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10326, Korea;
| | - Dasarang Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (D.K.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Hye-Hee Cha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.-S.K.); (S.J.); (J.-Y.K.); (S.-H.R.); (H.-H.C.); (H.-J.L.); (M.-J.K.); (Y.-P.C.); (S.-O.L.); (S.-H.C.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Hyun-Jung Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.-S.K.); (S.J.); (J.-Y.K.); (S.-H.R.); (H.-H.C.); (H.-J.L.); (M.-J.K.); (Y.-P.C.); (S.-O.L.); (S.-H.C.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Min-Jae Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.-S.K.); (S.J.); (J.-Y.K.); (S.-H.R.); (H.-H.C.); (H.-J.L.); (M.-J.K.); (Y.-P.C.); (S.-O.L.); (S.-H.C.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Yong-Pil Chong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.-S.K.); (S.J.); (J.-Y.K.); (S.-H.R.); (H.-H.C.); (H.-J.L.); (M.-J.K.); (Y.-P.C.); (S.-O.L.); (S.-H.C.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Sang-Oh Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.-S.K.); (S.J.); (J.-Y.K.); (S.-H.R.); (H.-H.C.); (H.-J.L.); (M.-J.K.); (Y.-P.C.); (S.-O.L.); (S.-H.C.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Sang-Ho Choi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.-S.K.); (S.J.); (J.-Y.K.); (S.-H.R.); (H.-H.C.); (H.-J.L.); (M.-J.K.); (Y.-P.C.); (S.-O.L.); (S.-H.C.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Yang-Soo Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.-S.K.); (S.J.); (J.-Y.K.); (S.-H.R.); (H.-H.C.); (H.-J.L.); (M.-J.K.); (Y.-P.C.); (S.-O.L.); (S.-H.C.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Keun-Hwa Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Sun-Ho Kee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (D.K.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.-S.K.); (S.J.); (J.-Y.K.); (S.-H.R.); (H.-H.C.); (H.-J.L.); (M.-J.K.); (Y.-P.C.); (S.-O.L.); (S.-H.C.); (Y.-S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3010-3305
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19
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Liu BY, Yu XJ, Zhou CM. SAFA initiates innate immunity against cytoplasmic RNA virus SFTSV infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010070. [PMID: 34788350 PMCID: PMC8598041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear scaffold attachment factor A (SAFA) is a novel RNA sensor involved in sensing viral RNA in the nucleus and mediating antiviral immunity. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a bunyavirus that causes SFTS with a high fatality rate of up to 30%. It remains elusive whether and how cytoplasmic SFTSV can be sensed by the RNA sensor SAFA. Here, we demonstrated that SAFA was able to detect SFTSV infection and mediate antiviral interferon and inflammatory responses. Transcription and expression levels of SAFA were strikingly upregulated under SFTSV infection. SAFA was retained in the cytoplasm by interaction with SFTSV nucleocapsid protein (NP). Importantly, SFTSV genomic RNA was recognized by cytoplasmic SAFA, which recruited and promoted activation of the STING-TBK1 signaling axis against SFTSV infection. Of note, the nuclear localization signal (NLS) domain of SAFA was important for interaction with SFTSV NP and recognition of SFTSV RNA in the cytoplasm. In conclusion, our study reveals a novel antiviral mechanism in which SAFA functions as a novel cytoplasmic RNA sensor that directly recognizes RNA virus SFTSV and mediates an antiviral response. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an RNA virus with a high fatality rate of up to 30%, which replicates exclusively in the cytoplasm. To date, many cytoplasmic RNA sensors were known to recognize SFTSV infection and trigger antiviral immune responses. Nuclear scaffold attachment factor A (SAFA) is a novel nuclear RNA sensor which can sense viral RNA in the nucleus and promote activation of antiviral immunity. However, there are no studies to investigate whether SAFA could detect cytoplasmic RNA virus infection. Here, we reported that SAFA was able to detect RNA virus SFTSV invasion. Under SFTSV infection, SAFA was retained in the cytoplasm and recognized SFTSV infection by interaction with SFTSV nucleocapsid protein (NP) and cytoplasmic SFTSV RNA directly. Importantly, SAFA recruited and promoted the activation of the STING-TBK1 signaling pathway-mediated antiviral immunity to suppress SFTSV infection. This study provides a further acquaintance in SAFA-mediated antiviral immune responses, illustrating the novel role of SAFA in sensing cytoplasmic SFTSV and mediates an antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xue-jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (XY); (C-mZ)
| | - Chuan-min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (XY); (C-mZ)
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20
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A Look into Bunyavirales Genomes: Functions of Non-Structural (NS) Proteins. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020314. [PMID: 33670641 PMCID: PMC7922539 DOI: 10.3390/v13020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2016, the Bunyavirales order was established by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) to incorporate the increasing number of related viruses across 13 viral families. While diverse, four of the families (Peribunyaviridae, Nairoviridae, Hantaviridae, and Phenuiviridae) contain known human pathogens and share a similar tri-segmented, negative-sense RNA genomic organization. In addition to the nucleoprotein and envelope glycoproteins encoded by the small and medium segments, respectively, many of the viruses in these families also encode for non-structural (NS) NSs and NSm proteins. The NSs of Phenuiviridae is the most extensively studied as a host interferon antagonist, functioning through a variety of mechanisms seen throughout the other three families. In addition, functions impacting cellular apoptosis, chromatin organization, and transcriptional activities, to name a few, are possessed by NSs across the families. Peribunyaviridae, Nairoviridae, and Phenuiviridae also encode an NSm, although less extensively studied than NSs, that has roles in antagonizing immune responses, promoting viral assembly and infectivity, and even maintenance of infection in host mosquito vectors. Overall, the similar and divergent roles of NS proteins of these human pathogenic Bunyavirales are of particular interest in understanding disease progression, viral pathogenesis, and developing strategies for interventions and treatments.
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Baseline mapping of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virology, epidemiology and vaccine research and development. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:111. [PMID: 33335100 PMCID: PMC7746727 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a newly emergent tick-borne bunyavirus first discovered in 2009 in China. SFTSV is a growing public health problem that may become more prominent owing to multiple competent tick-vectors and the expansion of human populations in areas where the vectors are found. Although tick-vectors of SFTSV are found in a wide geographic area, SFTS cases have only been reported from China, South Korea, Vietnam, and Japan. Patients with SFTS often present with high fever, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and in some cases, symptoms can progress to severe outcomes, including hemorrhagic disease. Reported SFTSV case fatality rates range from ~5 to >30% depending on the region surveyed, with more severe disease reported in older individuals. Currently, treatment options for this viral infection remain mostly supportive as there are no licensed vaccines available and research is in the discovery stage. Animal models for SFTSV appear to recapitulate many facets of human disease, although none of the models mirror all clinical manifestations. There are insufficient data available on basic immunologic responses, the immune correlate(s) of protection, and the determinants of severe disease by SFTSV and related viruses. Many aspects of SFTSV virology and epidemiology are not fully understood, including a detailed understanding of the annual numbers of cases and the vertebrate host of the virus, so additional research on this disease is essential towards the development of vaccines and therapeutics.
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Mendoza CA, Yamaoka S, Tsuda Y, Matsuno K, Weisend CM, Ebihara H. The NF-κB inhibitor, SC75741, is a novel antiviral against emerging tick-borne bandaviruses. Antiviral Res 2020; 185:104993. [PMID: 33296695 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) and Heartland virus (HRTV) cause viral hemorrhagic fever-like illnesses in humans due to an aberrant host inflammatory response, which contributes to pathogenesis. Here, we established two separate minigenome (MG) systems based on the M-segment of SFTSV and HRTV. Following characterization of both systems for SFTSV and HRTV, we used them as a platform to screen potential compounds that inhibit viral RNA synthesis. We demonstrated that the NF-κB inhibitor, SC75741, reduces viral RNA synthesis of SFTSV and HRTV using our MG platform and validated these results using infectious SFTSV and HRTV. These results may lead to the use of MG systems as potential screening systems for the identification of antiviral compounds and yield novel insights into host-factors that could play role in bandavirus transcription and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal A Mendoza
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Satoko Yamaoka
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yoshimi Tsuda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Unit of Risk Analysis and Management, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Carla M Weisend
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Gori Savellini G, Anichini G, Gandolfo C, Prathyumnan S, Cusi MG. Toscana virus non-structural protein NSs acts as E3 ubiquitin ligase promoting RIG-I degradation. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008186. [PMID: 31815967 PMCID: PMC6901176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that the non-structural protein (NSs) of Toscana virus (TOSV), an emergent sandfly-borne virus causing meningitis or more severe central nervous system injuries in humans, exerts its function triggering RIG-I for degradation in a proteasome-dependent manner, thus breaking off the IFN-β production. The non-structural protein of different members of Bunyavirales has recently appeared as a fundamental protagonist in immunity evasion through ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation targets. We showed that TOSV NSs has an E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, mapping at the carboxy-terminal domain and also involving the amino-terminal of the protein. Indeed, neither the amino- (NSsΔN) nor the carboxy- (NSsΔC) terminal-deleted mutants of TOSV NSs were able to cause ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation of RIG-I. Moreover, the addition of the C-terminus of TOSV NSs to the homologous protein of the Sandfly Fever Naples Virus, belonging to the same genus and unable to inhibit IFN-β activity, conferred new properties to this protein, favoring RIG-I ubiquitination and its degradation. NSs lost its antagonistic activity to IFN when one of the terminal residues was missing. Therefore, we showed that NSs could behave as an atypical RING between RING (RBR) E3 ubiquitin ligases. This is the first report which identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in a viral protein among negative strand RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriele Anichini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Gandolfo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Maria Grazia Cusi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Immune Modulation and Immune-Mediated Pathogenesis of Emerging Tickborne Banyangviruses. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040125. [PMID: 31547199 PMCID: PMC6963857 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the emergence of several, novel tickborne viruses have caused significant disease in humans. Of interest are the tickborne banyangviruses: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), Heartland virus (HRTV), and Guertu virus (GTV). SFTSV and HRTV infection in humans cause viral hemorrhagic fever-like disease leading to mortality rates ranging from 6–30% of the cases. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) associated with SFTSV infection is hypothesized to contribute significantly to pathology seen in patients. Despite the severe disease caused by HRTV and SFTSV, there are no approved therapeutics or vaccines. Investigation of the immune response during and following infection is critical to the generation of fully protective vaccines and/or supportive treatments, and overall understanding of viral immune evasion mechanisms may aid in the development of a new class of therapeutics.
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Two Conserved Amino Acids within the NSs of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Phlebovirus Are Essential for Anti-interferon Activity. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00706-18. [PMID: 30021900 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00706-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The nonstructural protein (NSs) of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome phlebovirus (SFTSV) sequesters TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) into NSs-induced cytoplasmic structures to inhibit the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and subsequent interferon beta (IFN-β) production. Although the C-terminal region of SFTSV NSs (NSs66-249) has been linked to the formation of NSs-induced cytoplasmic structures and inhibition of host IFN-β responses, the role of the N-terminal region in antagonizing host antiviral responses remains to be defined. Here, we demonstrate that two conserved amino acids at positions 21 and 23 in the SFTSV and heartland virus (HRTV) NSs are essential for suppression of IRF3 phosphorylation and IFN-β mRNA expression following infection with SFTSV or recombinant influenza virus lacking the NS1 gene. Surprisingly, formation of SFTSV/HRTV NSs-induced cytoplasmic structures is not essential for inhibition of host antiviral responses. Rather, an association between SFTSV/HRTV NSs and TBK1 is required for suppression of mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS)-mediated activation of IFN-β promoter activity. Although SFTSV NSs did not prevent the ubiquitination of TBK1, it associates with TBK1 through its N-terminal kinase domain (residues 1 to 307) to block the autophosphorylation of TBK1. Furthermore, we found that both wild-type NSs and the 21/23A mutant (NSs in which residues at positions 21 and 23 were replaced with alanine) of SFTSV suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion, suggesting that the importance of these residues is restricted to TBK1-dependent IFN signaling. Together, our findings strongly implicate the two conserved amino acids at positions 21 and 23 of SFTSV/HRTV NSs in the inhibition of host interferon responses.IMPORTANCE Recognition of viruses by host innate immune systems plays a critical role not only in providing resistance to viral infection but also in the initiation of antigen-specific adaptive immune responses against viruses. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a newly emerging infectious disease caused by the SFTS phlebovirus (SFTSV), a highly pathogenic tick-borne phlebovirus. The 294-amino-acid nonstructural protein (NSs) of SFTSV associates with TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), a key regulator of host innate antiviral immunity, to inhibit interferon beta (IFN-β) production and enhance viral replication. Here, we demonstrate that two conserved amino acids at positions 21 and 23 in the NSs of SFTSV and heartland virus, another tick-borne phlebovirus, are essential for association with TBK1 and suppression of IFN-β production. Our results provide important insight into the molecular mechanisms by which SFTSV NSs helps to counteract host antiviral strategies.
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Kitagawa Y, Sakai M, Shimojima M, Saijo M, Itoh M, Gotoh B. Nonstructural protein of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome phlebovirus targets STAT2 and not STAT1 to inhibit type I interferon-stimulated JAK-STAT signaling. Microbes Infect 2018; 20:360-368. [PMID: 29886262 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The nonstructural protein NSs of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome phlebovirus blocks type I interferon (IFN)-stimulated JAK-STAT signaling. However, there is continuing controversy as to whether NSs targets STAT1 or STAT2 or both for this blockade. The present study was designed to gain a further understanding of the blockade mechanism. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed a stronger interaction of NSs with STAT2 than with any other component constituting the JAK-STAT pathway. Expression of NSs resulted in the formation of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (IBs), and affected cytoplasmic distribution of STAT2. STAT2 was relocated to NSs-induced IBs. Consequently, NSs inhibited IFN-α-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT2. These inhibitory effects as well as the signaling blockade activity were not observed in NSs mutant proteins lacking the STAT2-binding ability. In contrast, NSs affected neither subcellular distribution nor phosphorylation of STAT1 in response to IFN-α and IFN-γ, demonstrating that NSs has little physical and functional interactions with STAT1. Taken together, these results suggest that NSs sequesters STAT2 into NSs-induced IBs, thereby blocking type I IFN JAK-STAT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Kitagawa
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Madoka Sakai
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura-cho, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimojima
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masae Itoh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura-cho, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Bin Gotoh
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
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Li S, Li Y, Wang Q, Yu X, Liu M, Xie H, Qian L, Ye L, Yang Z, Zhang J, Zhu H, Zhang W. Multiple organ involvement in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: an immunohistochemical finding in a fatal case. Virol J 2018; 15:97. [PMID: 29848330 PMCID: PMC5977472 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by SFTS bunyavirus (SFTSV), a tick borne bunyavirus. However, Immunohistochemistry of SFTS patients are not well studied. Methods We obtained multiple of tissues from a fatal case with SFTS, including blood, lungs, kidneys, heart, and spleen. The blood samples were used to isolate the causative agent for detection of viral RNA and further expression of recombinant viral protein as primary antibody. Immunohistochemistry of the heart, lungs, spleen and kidneys was used to characterize the viral antigen in tissue sections. Results A 79-year-old man, together with his wife, was admitted because of fever. Both patients were diagnosed with SFTS by the positive SFTSV RNA in the blood. The gentleman died of multiple organ failure 8 days after hospitalization. However, his wife recovered and was discharged. Immunohistochemistry indicated that SFTSV antigens were present in all studied organs including the heart, kidney, lung and spleen, of which the spleen presented with the highest amount of SFTSV antigens. The kidney was next while the heart and lungs showed lower amount of SFTSV antigens. Conclusions SFTSV can direct infect multiple organs, resulting in multiple organ failure and ultimately in an unfavorable outcome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-018-1006-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiujing Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuewen Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- School of Public Health, Jining medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Haibo Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liyong Qian
- Department of Pathology, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Ye
- Daishan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhejuan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianjing Zhang
- The First people's hospital of Daishan, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huimin Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Shen S, Duan X, Wang B, Zhu L, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Luo T, Kou C, Liu D, Lv C, Zhang L, Chang C, Su Z, Tang S, Qiao J, Moming A, Wang C, Abudurexiti A, Wang H, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Sun S, Deng F. A novel tick-borne phlebovirus, closely related to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and Heartland virus, is a potential pathogen. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:95. [PMID: 29802259 PMCID: PMC5970217 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tick-borne viral diseases have attracted much attention in recent years because of their increasing incidence and threat to human health. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome phlebovirus (SFTSV) and Heartland virus (HRTV) were recently identified as tick-borne phleboviruses (TBPVs) in Asia and the United States, respectively, and are associated with severe human diseases with similar clinical manifestations. In this study, we report the first identification and isolation of a novel TBPV named Guertu virus (GTV) from Dermacentor nuttalli ticks in Xinjiang Province, China, where TBPVs had not been previously discovered. Genome sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that GTV is closely related to SFTSV and HRTV and was classified as a member of the genus Phlebovirus, family Phenuiviridae, order Bunyavirales. In vitro and in vivo investigations of the properties of GTV demonstrated that it was able to infect animal and human cell lines and can suppress type I interferon signaling, similar to SFTSV, that GTV nucleoprotein (NP) can rescue SFTSV replication by replacing SFTSV NP, and that GTV infection can cause pathological lesions in mice. Moreover, a serological survey identified antibodies against GTV from serum samples of individuals living in Guertu County, three of which contained neutralizing antibodies, suggesting that GTV can infect humans. Our findings suggested that this virus is a potential pathogen that poses a threat to animals and humans. Further studies and surveillance of GTV are recommended to be carried out in Xinjiang Province as well as in other locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaomei Duan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Liying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830001, China
| | - Chun Kou
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Chuanwei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chenchen Chang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Zhengyuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shuang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Abulimiti Moming
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830001, China
| | - Abulikemu Abudurexiti
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830001, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yujiang Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830001, China.
| | - Surong Sun
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Sun Y, Liu MM, Lei XY, Yu XJ. SFTS phlebovirus promotes LC3-II accumulation and nonstructural protein of SFTS phlebovirus co-localizes with autophagy proteins. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5287. [PMID: 29588492 PMCID: PMC5869591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23610-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is essential for eukaryotic cell homeostasis and can perform both anti-viral and pro-viral roles depending on the kinds of viruses, cell types and cell environment. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome phlebovirus (SFTSV) is a newly discovered tick-borne virus in the Phenuiviridae family that causes a severe hemorrhagic fever disease in East Asia. In this study we determined interactions between SFTSV and autophagy. Our results showed that LC3-II (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3-II) protein accumulated from 4 h to 24 h after SFTSV infection compared to mock-infected Vero cells, and the use of E64d and pepstatin A did not affect the expression of LC3-II protein, which indicated that the increased LC3-II may be the result of inhibition of autophagic degradation caused by SFTSV infection. However, knockdown of LC3B promotes SFTSV replication, which indicated a negative role of LC3B protein in SFTSV replication. We also detected co-localization of SFTSV non-structure (NSs) protein with LC3B, p62 and Lamp2b respectively in SFTSV infected Vero cells, which indicated the possibility of selective autophagy or chaperone-mediated autophagy involving in SFTSV infection. Our results indicated that SFTSV infection promotes LC3 accumulation and several proteins of the autophagy pathway co-localize with NSs protein during SFTSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Miao-Miao Liu
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Lei
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xue-Jie Yu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China.
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Xie Y, He S, Wang J. MicroRNA-373 facilitates HSV-1 replication through suppression of type I IFN response by targeting IRF1. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:1409-1416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Jung D, Rejinold NS, Kwak JE, Park SH, Kim YC. Nano-patterning of a stainless steel microneedle surface to improve the dip-coating efficiency of a DNA vaccine and its immune response. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:54-61. [PMID: 28780461 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccination with microneedles (MNs) into the skin represents a potential therapeutic approach for the clinical treatment of viral diseases as well as for intradermal genetic immunization. In this study, we investigated a DNA vaccination against the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) delivered by nano-patterned microneedles (nMNs) to improve the efficiency compared to a conventional MN vaccination. Because DNA vaccinations delivered by coated MNs have major disadvantages such as a poor coating efficiency and immunogenicity, additional excipients are necessary. Therefore, we developed nMNs to improve the affinity of stainless steel for plasmid DNA vaccinations. The results show that the nMNs have an improved DNA vaccine loading capacity because their surfaces have an increased hydrophilicity from the high surface/volume ratio. The cytocompatibility analysis also showed a higher cell proliferation when using the nMNs. Finally, the in vivo experiments with balb/c mice vaccinated with the SFTSV DNA vaccine-coated nMNs generated a higher level of cellular immune responses than that of the unmodified MNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeyoon Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - N Sanoj Rejinold
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Kwak
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeu-Chun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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