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Sabuakham S, Nasoontorn S, Kongtaworn N, Rungrotmongkol T, Silsirivanit A, Pingaew R, Mahalapbutr P. Anilino-1,4-naphthoquinones as potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors: in vitro and in silico studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2357174. [PMID: 38814149 PMCID: PMC11141316 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2357174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase, a pivotal enzyme in melanin synthesis, is a primary target for the development of depigmenting agents. In this work, in vitro and in silico techniques were employed to identify novel tyrosinase inhibitors from a set of 12 anilino-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives. Results from the mushroom tyrosinase activity assay indicated that, among the 12 derivatives, three compounds (1, 5, and 10) demonstrated the most significant inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase, surpassing the effectiveness of the kojic acid. Molecular docking revealed that all studied derivatives interacted with copper ions and amino acid residues at the enzyme active site. Molecular dynamics simulations provided insights into the stability of enzyme-inhibitor complexes, in which compounds 1, 5, and particularly 10 displayed greater stability, atomic contacts, and structural compactness than kojic acid. Drug likeness prediction further strengthens the potential of anilino-1,4-naphthoquinones as promising candidates for the development of novel tyrosinase inhibitors for the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahachai Sabuakham
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sutita Nasoontorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Napat Kongtaworn
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Atit Silsirivanit
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ratchanok Pingaew
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Retnosari R, Ali AH, Zainalabidin S, Ugusman A, Oka N, Latip J. The recent discovery of a promising pharmacological scaffold derived from carvacrol: A review. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 109:129826. [PMID: 38830427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Carvacrol, called CA, is a dynamic phytoconstituent characterized by a phenol ring abundantly sourced from various natural reservoirs. This versatile scaffold serves as a pivotal template for the design and synthesis of novel drug molecules, harboring promising biological activities. The active sites positioned at C-4, C-6, and the hydroxyl group (-OH) of CA offer fertile ground for creating potent drug candidates from a pharmacological standpoint. In this comprehensive review, we delve into diverse synthesis pathways and explore the biological activity of CA derivatives. We aim to illuminate the potential of these derivatives in discovering and developing efficacious treatments against a myriad of life-threatening diseases. By scrutinizing the structural modifications and pharmacophore placements that enhance the activity of CA derivatives, we aspire to inspire the innovation of novel therapeutics with heightened potency and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rini Retnosari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; International Joint Department of Materials Science and Engineering Between National University of Malaysia and Gifu University, Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5 Malang, Indonesia
| | - Amatul Hamizah Ali
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Natsuhisa Oka
- International Joint Department of Materials Science and Engineering Between National University of Malaysia and Gifu University, Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Jalifah Latip
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Taibi M, Elbouzidi A, Haddou M, Baraich A, Loukili EH, Moubchir T, Allali A, Amine khoulati, Bellaouchi R, Asehraou A, Addi M, Salamatullah AM, Bourhia M, Siddique F, El Guerrouj B, Chaabane K. Phytochemical characterization and multifaceted bioactivity assessment of essential oil from Ptychotis verticillata Duby: Anti-diabetic, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-inflammatory activity. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29459. [PMID: 38699706 PMCID: PMC11063393 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the pharmacological properties of the essential oil derived from Ptychotis verticillata Duby (PVEO), a medicinal plant native to Morocco, focusing on its antidiabetic, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, the study aims to characterize the phytochemical composition of PVEO and evaluate its potential as a natural therapeutic alternative for various health conditions. To achieve this, phytochemical analysis was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Furthermore, in vitro assessments were conducted to investigate PVEO's antidiabetic activity by inhibiting α-amylase, xanthine oxidase, and α-glucosidase. Tests were also undertaken to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of PVEO on RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as its efficacy as an anti-tyrosinase agent and its lipoxygenase inhibition activity. The results of the phytochemical analysis revealed that PVEO is rich in terpene compounds, with percentages of 40.35 % γ-terpinene, 22.40 % carvacrol, and 19.77 % β-cymene. Moreover, in vitro evaluations demonstrated that PVEO exhibits significant inhibitory activity against α-amylase, xanthine oxidase, and α-glucosidase, indicating promising antidiabetic, and anti-gout potential. Furthermore, PVEO showed significant anti-tyrosinase activity, with an IC50 of 27.39 ± 0.44 μg/mL, and remarkable lipoxygenase inhibition (87.33 ± 2.6 %), suggesting its candidacy for dermatoprotection. Additionally, PVEO displayed a dose-dependent capacity to attenuate the production of NO and PGE2, two inflammatory mediators implicated in various pathologies, without compromising cellular viability. The findings of this study provide a solid foundation for future research on natural therapies and the development of new drugs, highlighting the therapeutic potential of PVEO in the treatment of gout, diabetes, pigmentation disorders, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Taibi
- Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, 60000, Morocco
- Centre de L’Oriental des Sciences et Technologies de L’Eau et de L’Environnement (COSTEE), Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, 60000, Morocco
| | - Amine Elbouzidi
- Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, 60000, Morocco
- Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF), Fes, Morocco
| | - Mounir Haddou
- Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, 60000, Morocco
- Centre de L’Oriental des Sciences et Technologies de L’Eau et de L’Environnement (COSTEE), Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, 60000, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Baraich
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, B.P. 717, Oujda, 60000, Morocco
| | | | - Tarik Moubchir
- Polyvalent Team in Research and Development, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Beni Mellal (FPBM), University Sultan Moulay Slimane (USMS), Beni Mellal, 23000, Morocco
| | - Aimad Allali
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques Annex Taza, Fez, Morocco
| | - Amine khoulati
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, 60000, Morocco
| | - Reda Bellaouchi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, B.P. 717, Oujda, 60000, Morocco
| | - Abdeslam Asehraou
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, B.P. 717, Oujda, 60000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Addi
- Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, 60000, Morocco
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11 P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Natural Resources Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, 80060, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Farhan Siddique
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Bouchra El Guerrouj
- Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, 60000, Morocco
- Centre de L’Oriental des Sciences et Technologies de L’Eau et de L’Environnement (COSTEE), Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, 60000, Morocco
| | - Khalid Chaabane
- Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, 60000, Morocco
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Zeb A, Abbasi MA, Aziz-Ur-Rehman, Siddiqui SZ, Hassan M, Javed Q, Rafiq M, Ali A, Shah SAA, Kloczkowski A. Synthesis, Kinetics and Computational Explorations of 4-Phenylpiperazine Bearing N-(Aryl)-3-substituted-benzamides as Auspicious Tyrosinase Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400133. [PMID: 38363553 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
In the aimed research study, a new series of N-(aryl)-3-[(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)methyl]benzamides was synthesized, which was envisaged as tyrosinase inhibitor. The structures of these newly designed molecules were verified by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, EI-MS and CHN analysis data. These molecules were screened against tyrosinase and their inhibitory activity explored that these 3-substituted-benzamides exhibit good to excellent potential, comparative to the standard. The Kinetics mechanism was investigated through Lineweaver-Burk plots which depicted that molecules inhibited this enzyme in a competitive mode. Moreover, molecular docking was also performed to determine the binding interaction of all synthesized molecules (ligands) with the active site of tyrosinase enzyme and the results showed that most of the ligands exhibited efficient binding energy values. Therefore, it is anticipated that these molecules might serve as auspicious therapeutic scaffolds for treatment of the tyrosinase associated skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurang Zeb
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Aziz-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Mubashir Hassan
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA
| | - Qamar Javed
- Department of Zoology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, 10250 (AJK), Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafiq
- Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Anser Ali
- Department of Zoology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, 10250 (AJK), Pakistan
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan, Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan, Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA
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5
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Boateng ST, Roy T, Torrey K, Owunna U, Banang-Mbeumi S, Basnet D, Niedda E, Alexander AD, Hage DE, Atchimnaidu S, Nagalo BM, Aryal D, Findley A, Seeram NP, Efimova T, Sechi M, Hill RA, Ma H, Chamcheu JC, Murru S. Synthesis, in silico modelling, and in vitro biological evaluation of substituted pyrazole derivatives as potential anti-skin cancer, anti-tyrosinase, and antioxidant agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2205042. [PMID: 37184042 PMCID: PMC10187093 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2205042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-five azole compounds (P1-P25) were synthesised using regioselective base-metal catalysed and microwave-assisted approaches, fully characterised by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and infrared spectra (IR) analyses, and evaluated for anticancer, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-oxidant activities in silico and in vitro. P25 exhibited potent anticancer activity against cells of four skin cancer (SC) lines, with selectivity for melanoma (A375, SK-Mel-28) or non-melanoma (A431, SCC-12) SC cells over non-cancerous HaCaT-keratinocytes. Clonogenic, scratch-wound, and immunoblotting assay data were consistent with anti-proliferative results, expression profiling therewith implicating intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis activation. In a mushroom tyrosinase inhibition assay, P14 was most potent among the compounds (half-maximal inhibitory concentration where 50% of cells are dead, IC50 15.9 μM), with activity greater than arbutin and kojic acid. Also, P6 exhibited noteworthy free radical-scavenging activity. Furthermore, in silico docking and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) simulations predicted prominent-phenotypic actives to engage diverse cancer/hyperpigmentation-related targets with relatively high affinities. Altogether, promising early-stage hits were identified - some with multiple activities - warranting further hit-to-lead optimisation chemistry with further biological evaluations, towards identifying new skin-cancer and skin-pigmentation renormalising agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T. Boateng
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Tithi Roy
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Kara Torrey
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Uchechi Owunna
- School of Sciences, College of Arts, Education and Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Sergette Banang-Mbeumi
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
- School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Louisiana Delta Community College, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - David Basnet
- School of Sciences, College of Arts, Education and Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Eleonora Niedda
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alexis D. Alexander
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Denzel El Hage
- School of Sciences, College of Arts, Education and Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Siriki Atchimnaidu
- School of Sciences, College of Arts, Education and Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Bolni Marius Nagalo
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR, USA
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Dinesh Aryal
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Affairs and Research, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Ann Findley
- School of Sciences, College of Arts, Education and Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Navindra P. Seeram
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Tatiana Efimova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mario Sechi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ronald A. Hill
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Hang Ma
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Jean Christopher Chamcheu
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Siva Murru
- School of Sciences, College of Arts, Education and Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
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Nutho B, Tungmunnithum D. Exploring Major Flavonoid Phytochemicals from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. as Potential Skin Anti-Aging Agents: In Silico and In Vitro Evaluations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16571. [PMID: 38068894 PMCID: PMC10706394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., an aquatic medicinal plant (Nelumbonaceae family), has a history of use in traditional medicine across various regions. Our previous study demonstrated the skin anti-aging potential of its stamen ethanolic extract by effectively inhibiting collagenase and tyrosinase enzymes. While the major constituents of this extract are well documented, there is a lack of research on the individual compounds' abilities to inhibit skin aging enzymes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the anti-aging potential of the primary flavonoids found in N. nucifera using both in silico and in vitro approaches. Our initial step involved molecular docking to identify compounds with the potential to inhibit collagenase, elastase, and tyrosinase. Among the seven flavonoids studied, kaempferol-3-O-robinobioside (Kae-3-Rob) emerged as the most promising candidate, exhibiting the highest docking scores for three skin aging-related enzymes. Subsequent enzyme-based inhibition assays confirmed that Kae-3-Rob displayed robust inhibitory activity against collagenase (58.24 ± 8.27%), elastase (26.29 ± 7.16%), and tyrosinase (69.84 ± 6.07%). Furthermore, we conducted extensive 200-ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, revealing the stability of the complexes formed between Kae-3-Rob and each enzyme along the MD simulation time. MM/PBSA-based binding free energy calculations indicated the considerably stronger binding affinity of Kae-3-Rob for collagenase and tyrosinase compared to elastase, which was related to the greater percentage of hydrogen bond occupations. These computational findings were consistent with the relatively high inhibitory activity of Kae-3-Rob against collagenase and tyrosinase observed in our in vitro experiment. In conclusion, the results obtained from this comprehensive study suggest that Kae-3-Rob, a key flavonoid from N. nucifera, holds significant potential as a source of bioactive compounds for anti-aging cosmeceutical and other phytopharmaceutical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodee Nutho
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Duangjai Tungmunnithum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Kim HD, Choi H, Abekura F, Park JY, Yang WS, Yang SH, Kim CH. Naturally-Occurring Tyrosinase Inhibitors Classified by Enzyme Kinetics and Copper Chelation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098226. [PMID: 37175965 PMCID: PMC10178891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are three major assaying methods used to validate in vitro whitening activity from natural products: methods using mushroom tyrosinase, human tyrosinase, and dopachrome tautomerase (or tyrosinase-related protein-2, TRP-2). Whitening agent development consists of two ways, melanin synthesis inhibition in melanocytes and downregulation of melanocyte stimulation. For melanin levels, the melanocyte cell line has been used to examine melanin synthesis with the expression levels of TRP-1 and TRP-2. The proliferation of epidermal surfaced cells and melanocytes is stimulated by cellular signaling receptors, factors, or mediators including endothelin-1, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, nitric oxide, histamine, paired box 3, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, pyrimidine dimer, ceramide, stem cell factors, melanocortin-1 receptor, and cAMP. In addition, the promoter region of melanin synthetic genes including tyrosinase is upregulated by melanocyte-specific transcription factors. Thus, the inhibition of growth and melanin synthesis in gene expression levels represents a whitening research method that serves as an alternative to tyrosinase inhibition. Many researchers have recently presented the bioactivity-guided fractionation, discovery, purification, and identification of whitening agents. Melanogenesis inhibition can be obtained using three different methods: tyrosinase inhibition, copper chelation, and melanin-related protein downregulation. There are currently four different types of inhibitors characterized based on their enzyme inhibition mechanisms: competitive, uncompetitive, competitive/uncompetitive mixed-type, and noncompetitive inhibitors. Reversible inhibitor types act as suicide substrates, where traditional inhibitors are classified as inactivators and reversible inhibitors based on the molecule-recognizing properties of the enzyme. In a minor role, transcription factors can also be downregulated by inhibitors. Currently, the active site copper iron-binding inhibitors such as kojic acid and chalcone exhibit tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Because the tyrosinase catalysis site structure is important for the mechanism determination of tyrosinase inhibitors, understanding the enzyme recognition and inhibitory mechanism of inhibitors is essential for the new development of tyrosinase inhibitors. The present review intends to classify current natural products identified by means of enzyme kinetics and copper chelation to exhibit tyrosinase enzyme inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Do Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Choi
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Fukushi Abekura
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Park
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Zoonotic and Vector Borne Disease Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Suk Yang
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), POSTECH, 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si 37676, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Yang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheorl-Ho Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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8
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Raza H, Rehman Sadiq Butt A, Athar Abbasi M, Aziz-Ur-Rehman, Zahra Siddiqui S, Hassan M, Adnan Ali Shah S, Ja Kim S. 2-Aminothiazole-Oxadiazole Bearing N-Arylated Butanamides: Convergent Synthesis, Tyrosinase Inhibition, Kinetics, Structure-Activity Relationship, and Binding Conformations. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202201019. [PMID: 36597268 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A multi-step synthesis of novel bi-heterocyclic N-arylated butanamides was consummated through a convergent strategy and the structures of these medicinal scaffolds, 7a-h, were corroborated using spectral techniques. The in vitro analysis of these hybrid molecules revealed their potent tyrosinase inhibition as compared to the standard used. The kinetics mechanism was investigated through Lineweaver-Burk plots which exposed that, 7f, inhibited tyrosinase enzyme non-competitively by forming the enzyme-inhibitor complex. The inhibition constants Ki calculated from Dixon plots for this compound was 0.025 μM. Their binding conformations were ascertained by in silico computational studies whereby these molecules disclosed good binding energy values (kcal/mol). So, it was anticipated from the current research that these bi-heterocyclic butanamides might be probed as imperative therapeutic agents for melanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Raza
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, 32588, South Korea
| | | | | | - Aziz-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Mubashir Hassan
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, 42300, Selangor, Malaysia.,Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Song Ja Kim
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, 32588, South Korea
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9
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Hassan M, Shahzadi S, Kloczkowski A. Tyrosinase Inhibitors Naturally Present in Plants and Synthetic Modifications of These Natural Products as Anti-Melanogenic Agents: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010378. [PMID: 36615571 PMCID: PMC9822343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a key enzyme target to design new chemical ligands against melanogenesis. In the current review, different chemical derivatives are explored which have been used as anti-melanogenic compounds. These are different chemical compounds naturally present in plants and semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds inspired by these natural products, such as kojic acid produced by several species of fungi; arbutin-a glycosylated hydroquinone extracted from the bearberry plant; vanillin-a phenolic aldehyde extracted from the vanilla bean, etc. After enzyme inhibition screening, various chemical compounds showed different therapeutic effects as tyrosinase inhibitors with different values of the inhibition constant and IC50. We show how appropriately designed scaffolds inspired by the structures of natural compounds are used to develop novel synthetic inhibitors. We review the results of numerous studies, which could lead to the development of effective anti-tyrosinase agents with increased efficiency and safety in the near future, with many applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Hassan
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Correspondence: or (M.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Saba Shahzadi
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Correspondence: or (M.H.); (A.K.)
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10
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Sholikha M, Wulandari A. Tyrosinase Inhibition Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Melaleuca leucadendron L. Leaves. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2022. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v5i3.3694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Melaleuca leucadendron L. is a plant whose almost all parts (bark, leaves, twigs, and fruit) can be used as medicine, such as antioxidants, antifungals, sedative effects, and anti-hyaluronidase. This research was conducted to determine tyrosinase inhibition activity and compound content of M. leucadendron leaves. Maceration of M. leucadendron leaves was done in methanol, then carried out liquid-liquid fractionation with n-butanol, chloroform, and water. Methanol extract, butanol fraction, chloroform fraction, and water fraction were tested for phytochemical screening and tyrosinase inhibition using L-DOPA substrate with an ELISA plate well reader. The results of the tyrosinase inhibition activity test at concentrations of 100, 1000 and 10000 μg/mL respectively showed that methanol extract 29.532%, 55.227%, 89.583%; butanol fraction 29.313%, 59.174%, 94.737%, chloroform fraction 21.820%, 24.671%; 53.765%; water fraction 24,086%, 47.661%, 91.118%. Inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme is shown through the IC50 value from methanol extract, butanol fraction and water fraction, and kojic acid as a positive control, respectively 645.438 μg/mL, 517.935 μg/mL, 669.403 μg/mL, 50.064 μg/mL. Phytochemical screening showed that the extract and fraction contained tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenes, and steroids. These results indicate that the butanol fraction is more potent as an anti-tyrosinase agent than the others.
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11
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Fluoroquinolones as Tyrosinase Inhibitors; Enzyme Kinetics and Molecular Docking Studies to Explore Their Mechanism of Action. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12104849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The binding of fluoroquinolones, the most commonly prescribed antibiotics, with melanin is well explored. However, their binding patterns and exact mechanism of interaction with tyrosinase, a key enzyme in melanogenesis, are not explored yet. Thus, in the present study, seven fluoroquinolone drugs were selected to characterize their interactions with the tyrosinase enzyme: ciprofloxacin, enoxacin sesquihydrate, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, moxifloxacin and gemifloxacin. The results confirmed that all the drugs execute excellent enzyme activity, with an inhibition range from IC50 = 28 ± 4 to 50 ± 1.9 μM, outperforming the standard hydroquinone (IC50 = 170 μM). Later, kinetic studies revealed that all the drugs showed irreversible, but mixed-type, tyrosinase inhibition, with a preferentially competitive mode of action. Further, 2D and 3D docked complexes and binding analyses confirmed their significant interactions in the active region of the target enzyme, sufficient for the downstream signaling responsible for the observed tyrosinase inhibition. Thus, this is the first report demonstrating their mechanism of tyrosinase inhibition, critical for melanin-dependent responses, including toxicity.
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12
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Vaezi M. Structure and inhibition mechanism of some synthetic compounds and phenolic derivatives as tyrosinase inhibitors: review and new insight. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-13. [PMID: 35510568 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2069157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Safety concerns are the primary consideration to identify and detection of enzyme inhibitors. In this regard, safe and potent tyrosinase inhibitors play important role in enhancing nutritional quality, health promotion and also prevent further damages. The present review focuses on the recent and efficient tyrosinase inhibitors discovered from both synthetic sources and synthesized phenolic compounds, including flavonoid, carvacrol, thymol, cinnamic acid and resorcinol derivatives. The inhibitory activity of these compounds was analyzed according to chemical structure, IC50, Ki and their binding energy. Further, inhibition mechanism and the biological effects of some these inhibitors with potential application in food, agricultural, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries were briefly discussed. Molecular docking procedure was performed on some derivatives and demonstrated favorable binding affinity with amino acid residues of mushroom tyrosinase (PDB ID: 2Y9X). The information offered showed that the substitution pattern of hydroxyl groups at the phenyl ring is an important factor of tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The results confirmed that understanding structural modification of inhibitors is a key role in finding novel and efficacious tyrosinase inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Vaezi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
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13
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Preparation of Spice Extracts: Evaluation of Their Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Antityrosinase, and Anti-α-Glucosidase Properties Exploring Their Mechanism of Enzyme Inhibition with Antibrowning and Antidiabetic Studies In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9983124. [PMID: 35281605 PMCID: PMC8916850 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9983124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase and α-glucosidase enzymes are known as promising target candidates for inhibitors to control unwanted pigmentation and type II diabetics mellitus. Therefore, twenty extracts as enzyme inhibitors were prepared from edible spices: nutmeg, mace, star anise, fenugreek, and coriander aiming to explore their antioxidant, antibrowning, and antidiabetic potential. Results confirmed that all extracts showed potent antioxidant activity ranging from IC50 = 0.14 ± 0.03 to 3.69 ± 0.37 μg/mL. In addition, all extracts exhibited excellent antityrosinase (IC50 = 1.16 ± 0.06 to 71.32 ± 4.63 μg/mL) and anti-α-glucosidase (IC504.76 ± 0.71 to 42.57 ± 2.13 μg/mL) activities outperforming the corresponding standards, hydroquinone, and acarbose, respectively. Among all extracts, star anise ethyl acetate (Star anise ETAC) was found most potent inhibitor for both tyrosinase and α-glucosidase enzymes and was further studied to explore the mechanism of enzyme inhibition. Kinetic analysis revealed its irreversible but mixed-type tyrosinase inhibition with preferentially competitive mode of action. However, it binds reversibly with α-glucosidase through competitive mode of action. Further, star anise ETAC extract showed concentration dependent and posttreatment time-dependent antibrowning effect on potato slices and antidiabetic effect on diabetic rabbits in vivo proposing it promising candidate for tyrosinase-rooted antibrowning and α-glucosidase-associated diabetes management for future studies.
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14
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Choi H, Young Ryu I, Choi I, Ullah S, Jin Jung H, Park Y, Hwang Y, Jeong Y, Hong S, Chun P, Young Chung H, Ryong Moon H. Identification of (Z)-2-benzylidene-dihydroimidazothiazolone derivatives as tyrosinase inhibitors: anti-melanogenic effects and in silico studies. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:899-912. [PMID: 35242283 PMCID: PMC8861568 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heejeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Il Young Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Inkyu Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, FL 33458, USA
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - YeJi Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Yeongmu Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sojeong Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, South Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
- Corresponding author at: Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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15
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In vitro cytotoxicity assay, mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity and release analysis of kojic monooleate nanodelivery system and in silico molecular docking study against 2Y9X target enzyme. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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16
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Floris B, Galloni P, Conte V, Sabuzi F. Tailored Functionalization of Natural Phenols to Improve Biological Activity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1325. [PMID: 34572538 PMCID: PMC8467377 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenols are widespread in nature, being the major components of several plants and essential oils. Natural phenols' anti-microbial, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, pharmacological and nutritional properties are, nowadays, well established. Hence, given their peculiar biological role, numerous studies are currently ongoing to overcome their limitations, as well as to enhance their activity. In this review, the functionalization of selected natural phenols is critically examined, mainly highlighting their improved bioactivity after the proper chemical transformations. In particular, functionalization of the most abundant naturally occurring monophenols, diphenols, lipidic phenols, phenolic acids, polyphenols and curcumin derivatives is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Floris
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Pierluca Galloni
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Valeria Conte
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Sabuzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
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17
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Recent advances in the design and discovery of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113744. [PMID: 34365131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a copper-containing metalloenzyme that is responsible for the rate-limiting catalytic step in the melanin biosynthesis and enzymatic browning. As a promising target, tyrosinase inhibitors can be used as skin whitening agents and food preservatives, thus having broad potential in the fields of food, cosmetics, agriculture and medicine. From 2015 to 2020, numerous synthetic inhibitors of tyrosinase have been developed to overcome the challenges of low efficacy and side effects. This review summarizes the enzyme structure and biological functions of tyrosinase and demonstrates the recent advances of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors from the perspective of medicinal chemistry, providing a better understanding of the catalytic mechanisms and more effective tyrosinase inhibitors.
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18
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Obaid RJ, Mughal EU, Naeem N, Sadiq A, Alsantali RI, Jassas RS, Moussa Z, Ahmed SA. Natural and synthetic flavonoid derivatives as new potential tyrosinase inhibitors: a systematic review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:22159-22198. [PMID: 35480807 PMCID: PMC9034236 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a multifunctional glycosylated and copper-containing oxidase that is highly prevalent in plants and animals and plays a pivotal role in catalyzing the two key steps of melanogenesis: tyrosine's hydroxylation to dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), and oxidation of the latter species to dopaquinone. Melanin guards against the destructive effects of ultraviolet radiation which is known to produce considerable pathological disorders such as skin cancer, among others. Moreover, the overproduction of melanin can create aesthetic problems along with serious disorders linked to hyperpigmented spots or patches on skin. Several skin-whitening products which reduce melanogenesis activity and alleviate hyperpigmentation are commercially available. A few of them, particularly those obtained from natural sources and that incorporate a phenolic scaffold, have been exploited in the cosmetic industry. In this context, synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors (TIs) with elevated efficacy and fewer side effects are direly needed in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries owing to their protective effect against pigmentation and dermatological disorders. Furthermore, the biological significance of the chromone skeleton and its associated medicinal and bioactive properties has drawn immense interest and inspired many researchers to design and develop novel anti-tyrosinase agents based on the flavonoid core (2-arylchromone). This review article is oriented to provide an insight and a deeper understanding of the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of an array of natural and bioinspired phenolic compounds with special emphasis on flavonoids to demonstrate how the position of ring substituents and their interaction with tyrosinase could be correlated with their effectiveness or lack thereof against inhibiting the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami J Obaid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat Gujrat-50700 Pakistan
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University Sialkot-51300 Pakistan
| | - Reem I Alsantali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacy College, Taif University 888-Taif Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabab S Jassas
- Department of Chemistry, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad Moussa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University P. O. Box 15551, Al Ain Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University 71516 Assiut Egypt
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19
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Vanjare BD, Choi NG, Mahajan PG, Raza H, Hassan M, Han Y, Yu SM, Kim SJ, Seo SY, Lee KH. Novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole compounds inhibit the tyrosinase and melanin level: Synthesis, in-vitro, and in-silico studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 41:116222. [PMID: 34058664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this research work, we have designed and synthesized some biologically useful of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles. The structural interpretation of the synthesized compounds has been validated by using FT-IR, LC-MS, HRMS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR techniques. Moreover, the in-vitro mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory potential of the target compounds was assessed. The in-vitro study reveals that, all compounds demonstrate an excellent tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Especially, 2-(5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylthio)-N-phenylacetamide (IC50 = 0.003 ± 0.00 µM) confirms much more significant potent inhibition activity compared with standard drug kojic acid (IC50 = 16.83 ± 1.16 µM). Subsequently, the most potent five oxadiazole compounds were screened for cytotoxicity study against B16F10 melanoma cells using an MTT assay method. The survival rate for the most potent compound was more pleasant than other compounds. Furthermore, the western blot results proved that the most potent compound considerably decreased the expression level of tyrosinase at 50 µM (P < 0.05). The molecular docking investigation exposed that the utmost potent compound displayed the significant interactions pattern within the active region of the tyrosinase enzyme and which might be responsible for the decent inhibitory activity towards the enzyme. A molecular dynamic simulation experiment was presented to recognize the residual backbone stability of protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasaheb D Vanjare
- Dept. of Chemistry, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungnam 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Gyu Choi
- Dept. of Chemistry, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungnam 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Prasad G Mahajan
- Vidya Pratishthan's Arts, Science & Commerce College, Vidyanagari, Baramati, Maharashtra 413133, India
| | - Hussain Raza
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungnam 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Mubashir Hassan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Yohan Han
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungnam 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Mi Yu
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungnam 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Ja Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungnam 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yum Seo
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungnam 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hwan Lee
- Dept. of Chemistry, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungnam 32588, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Wu Y, Huo D, Chen G, Yan A. SAR and QSAR research on tyrosinase inhibitors using machine learning methods. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 32:85-110. [PMID: 33517778 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2020.1862297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the process of melanin synthesis, which is closely related to human pigmentation disorders. Tyrosinase inhibitors can down-regulate tyrosinase to effectively reduce melanin synthesis. In this work, we conducted structure-activity relationship (SAR) study on 1097 diverse mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors. We applied five kinds of machine learning methods to develop 15 classification models. Model 5B built by fully connected neural networks and ECFP4 fingerprints achieved the highest prediction accuracy of 91.36% and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.81 on the test set. The applicability domains (AD) of classification models were defined by d S T D - P R O method. Moreover, we clustered the 1097 inhibitors into eight subsets by K-Means to figure out inhibitors' structural features. In addition, 10 quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were constructed by four machine learning methods based on 813 inhibitors. Model 6 J, the best QSAR model, was developed by fully connected neural networks with 50 RDKit descriptors. It resulted in a coefficient of determination (r 2) of 0.770 and a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.482 on the test set. The AD of Model 6 J was visualized by Williams plot. The models built in this study can be obtained from the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing, P. R. China
| | - D Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing, P. R. China
| | - G Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing, China
| | - A Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing, P. R. China
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21
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22
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Sadiq Butt AR, Abbasi MA, Rehman AU, Siddiqui SZ, Raza H, Hassan M, Shah SAA, Seo SY. Synthesis, Kinetics, Binding Conformations and Structure-activity Relationship of Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Aralkylated 2-aminothiazole-ethyltriazole Hybrids. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:206-228. [PMID: 34567157 PMCID: PMC8457735 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.15521.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Considering the diversified pharmacological importance of thiazole and triazole heterocyclic moieties, a unique series of S-aralkylated bi-heterocyclic hybrids, 7a-l, was synthesized in a convergent manner. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, and EI-MS spectral studies. The structure-activity relationship of these compounds was envisaged by analyzing their inhibitory effects against tyrosinase, whereby all these molecules exhibited potent inhibitory potentials relative to the standard used. The Kinetics mechanism was ascertained by Lineweaver-Burk plots, which revealed that 7g inhibited tyrosinase non-competitively by forming an enzyme-inhibitor complex. The inhibition constants Ki calculated from Dixon plots for this compound was 0.0057µM. These bi-heterocyclic molecules also disclosed good binding energy values (kcal /mol) when assessed computationally. So, these molecules can be considered promising medicinal scaffolds for the treatment of skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Athar Abbasi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore-54000, Pakistan. ,Corresponding author: E-mail:
| | - Aziz-ur- Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore-54000, Pakistan.
| | | | - Hussain Raza
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, 32588, South Korea.
| | - Mubashir Hassan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Level 9, FF3, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Sung-Yum Seo
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, 32588, South Korea.
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23
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Rashid M, Rafique H, Roshan S, Shamas S, Iqbal Z, Ashraf Z, Abbas Q, Hassan M, Qureshi ZUR, Asad MHHB. Enzyme Inhibitory Kinetics and Molecular Docking Studies of Halo-Substituted Mixed Ester/Amide-Based Derivatives as Jack Bean Urease Inhibitors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8867407. [PMID: 33426080 PMCID: PMC7775144 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8867407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of halo-substituted mixed ester/amide-based analogues 4a-l have been prepared as jack bean urease inhibitor, which showed good to excellent inhibition of enzyme activity. The role of halo-substituted benzoyl moieties and alkyl substituted anilines in urease inhibitory kinetics was also investigated. The alkyl-substituted anilines 1a-b reacted with chloroacetyl chloride to afford intermediates 2a-b, which were then reacted with different halo-substituted benzoic acids 3a-f to prepare the title compounds 4a-l. The chemical structures of final products 4a-l were ascertained by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectra. The compound 4b showed remarkable activity with IC501.6 ± 0.2 nM, better than the standard thiourea having IC50472.1 ± 135.1 nM. The 2-chloro-substituted phenyl ring on one side of compound 4b and 4-isopropyl-substituted benzene on the other side play an essential role in inhibition of urease activity. Lineweaver-Burk plots (kinetics study) indicated about 4b derivative as a mixed type of inhibitor. The virtual screening performed against urease enzyme (PDBID 4H9M) showed that compounds 4b and 4e have binding energies of -7.8 and -7.9 Kcal/mol, respectively. Based upon our results, it was found that derivative 4b is a highly potent urease inhibitor, better than the standard thiourea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Hummera Rafique
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Roshan
- Department of Zoology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Shamas
- Department of Zoology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Zaman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Qamar Abbas
- Department of Physiology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Mubashir Hassan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Hassham Hassan Bin Asad
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Department of Genetics, Kazan Federal University, Russia
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24
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Iraji A, Panahi Z, Edraki N, Khoshneviszadeh M, Khoshneviszadeh M. Design, synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies of novel Schiff base derivatives of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzamide as tyrosinase inhibitors. Drug Dev Res 2020; 82:533-542. [PMID: 33340117 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to the fact that tyrosinase is responsible for biosynthesis and regulation of melanins and browning food products, tyrosinase inhibitors can be favorable agents in cosmetics and medicinal industries. A series of novel 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzohydrazide were designed, synthesized, and their new application as tyrosinase inhibitors was also disclosed. Based on in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory assay, 4d as the strongest inhibitor of tyrosinase with an IC50 value of 7.57 μM showed approximately 2.5-fold better inhibition than kojic acid as positive control followed by two compounds 4b (IC50 = 8.19 ± 0.25 μM) and 4j (IC50 = 8.92 ± 0.016) which displayed preferable tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Detailed investigations on the mechanism of action of the 4d reported mix type of inhibition. More importantly, molecular modeling assessments proposed the ability of 4d for potential interaction with Cu (metal)-His (residue) within tyrosinase active site. Overall, 4d is a promising candidate for the development of anti-tyrosinase agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Iraji
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Panahi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsima Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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25
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Tang K, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Huang W, Xie Y, Deng C, Xu H, Song X, Xu H. Design, synthesis of Cinnamyl-paeonol derivatives with 1, 3-Dioxypropyl as link arm and screening of tyrosinase inhibition activity in vitro. Bioorg Chem 2020; 106:104512. [PMID: 33293056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to obtain tyrosinase inhibitors for treating hyperpigmentation. A series of cinnamyl ester analogues were designed and synthesized with cinnamic acid (CA) and peaonol compounds. The safety, melanin content and inhibitory effects of all target compounds were evaluated. In the enzymatic activity test, the inhibitory rate of compounds 8, 13 and 14 had stronger inhibitory activity with the IC50 values of 20.7 μM, 13.98 μM and 15.16 μM, respectively than the positive drug kojic acid (IC50 with 30.83 μM). The cytotoxicity evaluation showed that compounds 13 and 14 have higher safety than the other compounds to the proliferation of B16F10 cells. The result of the melanocyte test supported that compound13 has stronger cellular tyrosinase inhibitory activity than kojic acid and arbutin at 100 μM and 200 μM. The enzyme kinetics mechanism revealed that compound 13 was a non-competitive inhibitor while compounds 8 and 14 were mixed inhibitors. For the experiments of melanin content and tyrosinase activity in the B16F10 melanona cells, the inhibition rates of compounds 8, 14 and 13 were with 19.62%, 20.59% and 23.83%, respectively. In addition, compound 13 revealed the highest inhibitory activity to tyrosinase in the melanocyte with inhibition rates of 23.83%, which was better than kojic acid and arbutin (19.21% and 20.45%) at the same concentration. In the anti-melanogenesis experiment, compounds 8 and 13 had better anti-melanin effects than kojic acid from 25 μM to 100 μM. In summary, the results indicated that compounds 8, 13 and 14 had better tyrosinase inhibitory activity and anti-melanogenesis activity. Especially, the compound 13 has potentiality to develop novel tyrosinase inhibitors and whitening agents. The docking studies results revealed that the functional group of compound 13 mostly depends on the phenolic hydroxyl moiety, and its hydroxyl group did not insert into the active site of tyrosinase, which was in agreement with the results of the kinetics study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Wenli Huang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Yundong Xie
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Chong Deng
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China.
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Xiaomei Song
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
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26
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Jung HJ, Noh SG, Ryu IY, Park C, Lee JY, Chun P, Moon HR, Chung HY. ( E)-1-(Furan-2-yl)-(substituted phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one Derivatives as Tyrosinase Inhibitors and Melanogenesis Inhibition: An In Vitro and In Silico Study. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225460. [PMID: 33233397 PMCID: PMC7700175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of (E)-1-(furan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one derivatives (compounds 1–8) were synthesized and evaluated for their mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Among these series, compound 8 (2,4-dihydroxy group bearing benzylidene) showed potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity, with respective IC50 values of 0.0433 µM and 0.28 µM for the monophenolase and diphenolase as substrates in comparison to kojic acid as standard compound 19.97 µM and 33.47 µM. Moreover, the enzyme kinetics of compound 8 were determined to be of the mixed inhibition type and inhibition constant (Ki) values of 0.012 µM and 0.165 µM using the Lineweaver-Burk plot. Molecular docking results indicated that compound 8 can bind to the catalytic and allosteric sites 1 and 2 of tyrosinase to inhibit enzyme activity. The computational molecular dynamics analysis further revealed that compound 8 interacted with two residues in the tyrosinase active site pocket, such as ASN260 and MET280. In addition, compound 8 attenuated melanin synthesis and cellular tyrosinase activity, simulated by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine. Compound 8 also decreased tyrosinase expressions in B16F10 cells. Based on in vitro and computational studies, we propose that compound 8 might be a worthy candidate for the development of an antipigmentation agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.J.J.); (S.G.N.); (I.Y.R.); (C.P.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Sang Gyun Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.J.J.); (S.G.N.); (I.Y.R.); (C.P.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Il Young Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.J.J.); (S.G.N.); (I.Y.R.); (C.P.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Chaeun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.J.J.); (S.G.N.); (I.Y.R.); (C.P.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Ji Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.J.J.); (S.G.N.); (I.Y.R.); (C.P.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Korea;
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.J.J.); (S.G.N.); (I.Y.R.); (C.P.); (J.Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.R.M.); (H.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-51-510-2814 (H.Y.C.); Fax: +82-51-518-2821 (H.Y.C.)
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.J.J.); (S.G.N.); (I.Y.R.); (C.P.); (J.Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.R.M.); (H.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-51-510-2814 (H.Y.C.); Fax: +82-51-518-2821 (H.Y.C.)
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27
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Ekennia A, Uduagwu D, Olowu O, Nwanji O, Oje O, Daniel B, Mgbii S, Emma-Uba C. Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using leaf extracts of Alchornea laxiflora and its tyrosinase inhibition and catalytic studies. Micron 2020; 141:102964. [PMID: 33232905 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were synthesized using a simple, low cost and safe method involving aqueous leaf extracts of Alchornea laxiflora and a zinc precursor salt. The nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), Fourier transform (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). They were evaluated for their potentials as tyrosinase inhibitors and as catalysts in the degradation of Congo red dye. The UV-vis spectra gave characteristic surface Plasmon bands within the range 276-456 nm. The band gap energies of the ZnO-NPs were of the range, 2.50-3.67 ev. The SEM results showed average sizes of 29 nm and 38 nm for particles obtained using 1 mL and 2 mL of the plant extracts respectively. EDX plot showed the elemental compositions of the nanoparticles with zinc and oxygen being pronounced. The ZnO nanoparticles exhibited good photocatalytic efficiency of 87 % degradation of Congo red (CR) dye molecules in 60 min, They also showed good anti-tyrosinase ability with an IC50 of 66.28 μg/mL. Overall the biogenic ZnO nanoparticles are promising materials for dual applications as photocatalysts in the degradation of Congo red dye and as tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Ekennia
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike (AE-FUNAI), P.M.B, 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
| | - Dickson Uduagwu
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike (AE-FUNAI), P.M.B, 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Olawale Olowu
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike (AE-FUNAI), P.M.B, 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Obianuju Nwanji
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike (AE-FUNAI), P.M.B, 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Obinna Oje
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike (AE-FUNAI), P.M.B, 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Blessing Daniel
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike (AE-FUNAI), P.M.B, 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Sandra Mgbii
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike (AE-FUNAI), P.M.B, 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Chimerem Emma-Uba
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike (AE-FUNAI), P.M.B, 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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28
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Iraji A, Khoshneviszadeh M, Bakhshizadeh P, Edraki N, Khoshneviszadeh M. Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Study of 4-Hydroxy-N'-methylenebenzohydrazide Derivatives Acting as Tyrosinase Inhibitors with Potentiate Anti-Melanogenesis Activities. Med Chem 2020; 16:892-902. [DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190724142951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Melanogenesis is a process of melanin synthesis, which is a primary response
for the pigmentation of human skin. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme, which catalyzes a ratelimiting
step of the melanin formation. Natural products have shown potent inhibitors, but some of
these possess toxicity. Numerous synthetic inhibitors have been developed in recent years may
lead to the potent anti– tyrosinase agents.
Objective:
A number of 4-hydroxy-N'-methylenebenzohydrazide analogues with related structure
to chalcone and tyrosine were constructed with various substituents at the benzyl ring of the molecule
and evaluate as a tyrosinase inhibitor. In addition, computational analysis and metal chelating
potential have been evaluated.
Methods:
Design and synthesized compounds were evaluated for activity against mushroom tyrosinase.
The metal chelating capacity of the potent compound was examined using the mole ratio
method. Molecular docking of the synthesized compounds was carried out into the tyrosine active
site.
Results:
Novel 4-hydroxy-N'-methylenebenzohydrazide derivatives were synthesized. The two
compounds 4c and 4g showed an IC50 near the positive control, led to a drastic inhibition of tyrosinase.
Confirming in vitro results were performed via the molecular docking analysis demonstrating
hydrogen bound interactions of potent compounds with histatidine-Cu+2 residues with in
the active site. Kinetic study of compound 4g showed competitive inhibition towards tyrosinase.
Metal chelating assay indicates the mole fraction of 1:2 stoichiometry of the 4g-Cu2+ complex.
Conclusion:
The findings in the present study demonstrate that 4-Hydroxy-N'-
methylenebenzohydrazide scaffold could be regarded as a bioactive core inhibitor of tyrosinase
and can be used as an inspiration for further studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Iraji
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsima Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pegah Bakhshizadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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29
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Song W, Liu LL, Ren YJ, Wei SD, Yang HB. Inhibitory effects and molecular mechanism on mushroom tyrosinase by condensed tannins isolation from the fruit of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1813-1821. [PMID: 33038405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The structure of extracted condensed tannin (CT) from the fruit of Sour jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow) and the molecular mechanisms by which CT inhibits the activity of mushroom tyrosinase were investigated. The structure of CT was characterized by high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The kinetic assays were used to detect inhibition effect, type and mechanism. UV scanning, fluorescence quenching, copper interacting, o-quinone interaction and molecular docking assays were also used to reveal the molecular mechanisms by which CT inhibit tyrosinase. The results showed the structural units of CT containing afzelechin/epiafzelechin, catechin/epicatechin, and gallocatechin/epigallocatechin. Kinetic analysis showed that CT inhibits both the monophenolase and diphenolase activities of tyrosinase and exhibits reversible, mixed type mechanism. The fruit CT interacts primarily with the copper ions and specific amino acid residue (Asn191, Thr203, Ala202, Ser206, Met201, His194, His54, Glu182 and Ile42) in the active site of tyrosinase to disturb oxidation of substrates by tyrosinase. These results suggested the sour jujube fruit is a potential natural source of tyrosinase inhibitors, and has a potential to be used in food preservation, whitening cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, China.
| | - Lu-Lu Liu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Yuan-Jing Ren
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Shu-Dong Wei
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, China; Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.
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30
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Green Synthesis of Biogenic Zinc Oxide Nanoflower as Dual Agent for Photodegradation of an Organic Dye and Tyrosinase Inhibitor. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01729-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Bañuelos-Hernández AE, Azadniya E, Ramírez Moreno E, Morlock GE. Bioprofiling of Mexican Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) essential oil via planar chromatography–effect-directed analysis combined with direct analysis in real time high-resolution mass spectrometry. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1737542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. E. Bañuelos-Hernández
- Institute of Nutritional Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Programa de Posgrado en Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E. Azadniya
- Institute of Nutritional Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - E. Ramírez Moreno
- Programa Institucional de Biomedicina Molecular, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias en Biotecnología, ENMH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - G. E. Morlock
- Institute of Nutritional Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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32
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Yuan Y, Jin W, Nazir Y, Fercher C, Blaskovich MA, Cooper MA, Barnard RT, Ziora ZM. Tyrosinase inhibitors as potential antibacterial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 187:111892. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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33
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Rafiq M, Nazir Y, Ashraf Z, Rafique H, Afzal S, Mumtaz A, Hassan M, Ali A, Afzal K, Yousuf MR, Saleem M, Kotwica-Mojzych K, Mojzych M. Synthesis, computational studies, tyrosinase inhibitory kinetics and antimelanogenic activity of hydroxy substituted 2-[(4-acetylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1-11. [PMID: 31456445 PMCID: PMC8853709 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1654468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The over expression of melanogenic enzymes like tyrosinase caused many hyperpigmentaion disorders. The present work describes the synthesis of hydroxy substituted 2-[(4-acetylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl derivatives 3a-e and 5a-e as antimelanogenic agents. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of synthesized derivatives 3a-e and 5a-e was determined and it was found that derivative 5c possesses excellent activity with IC50 = 0.0089 µM compared to standard kojic acid (IC50 = 16.69 µM). The presence of hydroxyl groups at the ortho and the para position of cinnamic acid phenyl ring in compound 5c plays a vital role in tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The compound 5d also exhibited good activity (IC50 = 8.26 µM) compared to standard kojic acid. The enzyme inhibitory kinetics results showed that compound 5c is a competitive inhibitor while 5d is a mixed-type inhibitor. The mode of binding for compounds 5c and 5d with tyrosinase enzyme was also assessed and it was found that both derivatives irreversibly bind with target enzyme. The molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies were also performed to find the position of attachment of synthesized compounds at tyrosinase enzyme (PDB ID 2Y9X). The results showed that all of the synthesized compounds bind well with the active binding sites and most potent derivative 5c formed stable complex with target protein. The cytotoxicity results showed that compound 5c is safe at a dose of 12 µg/mL against murine melanoma (B16F10) cells. The same dose of 5c was selected to determine antimelanogenic activity; the results showed that it produced antimelenogenic effects in murine melanoma (B16F10) cells. Based on our investigations, it was proposed that compound 5c may serve as a lead structure to design more potent antimelanogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rafiq
- Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zaman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hummera Rafique
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Samina Afzal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakria University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Amara Mumtaz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSAT University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Mubashir Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Anser Ali
- Department of Zoology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Afzal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakria University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Yousuf
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Bhakkar, Pakistan
| | - Katarzyna Kotwica-Mojzych
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Mojzych
- Department of Chemistry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
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34
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Zolghadri S, Bahrami A, Hassan Khan MT, Munoz-Munoz J, Garcia-Molina F, Garcia-Canovas F, Saboury AA. A comprehensive review on tyrosinase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:279-309. [PMID: 30734608 PMCID: PMC6327992 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1545767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a multi-copper enzyme which is widely distributed in different organisms and plays an important role in the melanogenesis and enzymatic browning. Therefore, its inhibitors can be attractive in cosmetics and medicinal industries as depigmentation agents and also in food and agriculture industries as antibrowning compounds. For this purpose, many natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic inhibitors have been developed by different screening methods to date. This review has focused on the tyrosinase inhibitors discovered from all sources and biochemically characterised in the last four decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Zolghadri
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Asieh Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | | | - J. Munoz-Munoz
- Group of Microbiology, Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University at Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - F. Garcia-Molina
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - F. Garcia-Canovas
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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35
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Nazir Y, Saeed A, Rafiq M, Afzal S, Ali A, Latif M, Zuegg J, Hussein WM, Fercher C, Barnard RT, Cooper MA, Blaskovich MAT, Ashraf Z, Ziora ZM. Hydroxyl substituted benzoic acid/cinnamic acid derivatives: Tyrosinase inhibitory kinetics, anti-melanogenic activity and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 30:126722. [PMID: 31732410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of tyrosinase is an established strategy for treating hyperpigmentation. Our previous findings demonstrated that cinnamic acid and benzoic acid scaffolds can be effective tyrosinase inhibitors with low toxicity. The hydroxyl substituted benzoic and cinnamic acid moieties of these precursors were incorporated into new chemotypes that displayed in vitro inhibitory effect against mushroom tyrosinase. The most active compound, (2-(3-methoxyphenoxy)-2-oxoethyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acrylate) 6c, inhibited tyrosinase with an IC50 of 5.7 µM, while (2-(3-methoxyphenoxy)-2-oxoethyl 2, 4-dihydroxybenzoate) 4d had an IC50 of 23.8 µM. In comparison, the positive control, kojic acid showed tyrosinase inhibition with an IC50 = 16.7 µM. Analysis of enzyme kinetics revealed that 6c and 4d displayed noncompetitive reversible inhibition of the second tyrosinase enzymatic reaction with Ki values of 11 µM and 130 µM respectively. In silico docking studies with mushroom tyrosinase (PDB ID 2Y9X) predicted possible binding modes in the catalytic site for these active compounds. The phenolic para-hydroxy group of the most active compound 6c is predicted to interact with the catalytic site Cu++ ion. The methoxy part of this compound is predicted to form a hydrogen bond with Arg 268. Compound 6c had no observable toxic effects on cell morphology or cell viability at the highest tested concentration of 91.4 µM. When dosed at 91.4 µM onto B16F10 melanoma cells in vitro6c showed anti-melanogenic effects equivalent to kojic acid at 880 µM. 6c displayed no PAINS (pan-assay interference compounds) alerts. Our results show that compound 6c is a more potent tyrosinase inhibitor than kojic acid and is a candidate for further development. Our exposition of the details of the interactions between 6c and the catalytic pocket of tyrosinase provides a basis for rational design of additional potent inhibitors of tyrosinase, built on the cinnamic acid scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Nazir
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences (IMB), The University of Queensland (UQ), St Lucia 4072, Qld, Australia; Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafiq
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Samina Afzal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakria University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Anser Ali
- Department of Zoology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), 10250 Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Latif
- College of Medicine, Centre for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (CGID), Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Johannes Zuegg
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences (IMB), The University of Queensland (UQ), St Lucia 4072, Qld, Australia
| | - Waleed M Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB) and ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland (UQ), St Lucia 4072, Qld, Australia; Helwan University, Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, EinHelwan, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Christian Fercher
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland (UQ), St Lucia 4072, Qld, Australia
| | - Ross T Barnard
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB) and ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland (UQ), St Lucia 4072, Qld, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences (IMB), The University of Queensland (UQ), St Lucia 4072, Qld, Australia
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences (IMB), The University of Queensland (UQ), St Lucia 4072, Qld, Australia
| | - Zaman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Zyta M Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences (IMB), The University of Queensland (UQ), St Lucia 4072, Qld, Australia.
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36
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Natural and Bioinspired Phenolic Compounds as Tyrosinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Skin Hyperpigmentation: Recent Advances. COSMETICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics6040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common approaches for control of skin pigmentation involves the inhibition of tyrosinase, a copper-containing enzyme which catalyzes the key steps of melanogenesis. This review focuses on the tyrosinase inhibition properties of a series of natural and synthetic, bioinspired phenolic compounds that have appeared in the literature in the last five years. Both mushroom and human tyrosinase inhibitors have been considered. Among the first class, flavonoids, in particular chalcones, occupy a prominent role as natural inhibitors, followed by hydroxystilbenes (mainly resveratrol derivatives). A series of more complex phenolic compounds from a variety of sources, first of all belonging to the Moraceae family, have also been described as potent tyrosinase inhibitors. As to the synthetic compounds, hydroxycinnamic acids and chalcones again appear as the most exploited scaffolds. Several inhibition mechanisms have been reported for the described inhibitors, pointing to copper chelating and/or hydrophobic moieties as key structural requirements to achieve good inhibition properties. Emerging trends in the search for novel skin depigmenting agents, including the development of assays that could distinguish between inhibitors and potentially toxic substrates of the enzyme as well as of formulations aimed at improving the bioavailability and hence the effectiveness of well-known inhibitors, have also been addressed.
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Mustafa MN, Saeed A, Channar PA, Larik FA, Zain-ul abideen M, Shabir G, Abbas Q, Hassan M, Raza H, Seo SY. Synthesis, molecular docking and kinetic studies of novel quinolinyl based acyl thioureas as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors and free radical scavengers. Bioorg Chem 2019; 90:103063. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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38
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Butt ARS, Abbasi MA, Aziz-ur-Rehman, Siddiqui SZ, Raza H, Hassan M, Shah SAA, Shahid M, Seo SY. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of tyrosinase inhibiting novel bi-heterocyclic acetamides: Mechanistic insights through enzyme inhibition, kinetics and computational studies. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:459-472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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39
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Menezes TM, de Almeida SMV, de Moura RO, Seabra G, de Lima MDCA, Neves JL. Spiro-acridine inhibiting tyrosinase enzyme: Kinetic, protein-ligand interaction and molecular docking studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 122:289-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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40
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N. Masum M, Yamauchi K, Mitsunaga T. Tyrosinase Inhibitors from Natural and Synthetic Sources as Skin-lightening Agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.7831/ras.7.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kosei Yamauchi
- The united graduate school of agricultural science, Gifu University
| | - Tohru Mitsunaga
- The united graduate school of agricultural science, Gifu University
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41
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Qamar R, Saeed A, Larik FA, Abbas Q, Hassan M, Raza H, Seo SY. Novel 1,3-oxazine-tetrazole hybrids as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors and free radical scavengers: Synthesis, kinetic mechanism, and molecular docking studies. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 93:123-131. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Qamar
- Department of Chemistry; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Fayaz Ali Larik
- Department of Chemistry; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Qamar Abbas
- Department of Physiology; University of Sindh; Jamshoro Pakistan
| | - Mubashir Hassan
- Department of Biological Sciences; College of Natural Sciences; Kongju National University; Chungnam Korea
| | - Hussain Raza
- Department of Biological Sciences; College of Natural Sciences; Kongju National University; Chungnam Korea
| | - Sung-Yum Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences; College of Natural Sciences; Kongju National University; Chungnam Korea
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42
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Wu L, Rathi B, Chen Y, Wu X, Liu H, Li J, Ming A, Han G. Characterization of immobilized tyrosinase - an enzyme that is stable in organic solvent at 100 °C. RSC Adv 2018; 8:39529-39535. [PMID: 35558031 PMCID: PMC9090894 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07559j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme present in plant and animal tissues, which catalyzes the production of melanin and other pigments. In organic solvent, tyrosinase can convert N-acetyl-l-tyrosine ethyl ester (insoluble in aqueous) to a derivative of l-dopamine (a drug used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease). Thus, the performances of tyrosinase in organic solvent have attracted scientific attention since 1980. In this work, we investigated the stability of immobilized tyrosinase at high temperature in anhydrous organic solvent. Triethylaminoethyl cellulose (TEAE-Cellulose) performed the best out of six immobilization platforms. The dry immobilized tyrosinase became extremely thermostable in organic solvent, and the half-life of the dry immobilized tyrosinase in organic solvent is strongly related to the polarity of the organic solvent than their log P value. The immobilized tyrosinase loses its activity instantaneously in aqueous solution at 100 °C, but it keeps enzymatic activity within 10 min in hydrophilic methanol and over one month in hydrophobic hexane (log P: 4.66, non-polar) even incubating at 100 °C. This research provides valuable information for the design of new biocatalysts. Immobilized tyrosinase in hexane can withstand 100 °C over one week, and the half-life of the dry immobilized tyrosinase in organic solvent is strongly related to the polarity of the organic solvent.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Beijing 100141 China.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA +16172533556
| | - Brijesh Rathi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA +16172533556.,Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA +16172533556
| | - Xiuhong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA +16172533556
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Beijing 100141 China
| | - Jincheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Beijing 100141 China
| | - Anjie Ming
- Smart Sensing R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100029 China
| | - Gang Han
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Beijing 100141 China
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43
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Brotzman N, Xu Y, Graybill A, Cocolas A, Ressler A, Seeram NP, Ma H, Henry GE. Synthesis and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of 4-oxobutanoate derivatives of carvacrol and thymol. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:56-58. [PMID: 30446314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Carvacrol (1) and thymol (2) were converted to their alkyl 4-oxobutanoate derivatives (7-20) in three steps, and evaluated for tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The compounds showed structure-dependent activity, with all alkyl 4-oxobutanoates, except 7 and 20, showing better inhibitory activity than the precursor 4-oxobutanoic acids (5 and 6). In general, thymol derivatives exhibited a higher percent inhibitory activity than carvacrol derivatives at 500 μM. Derivatives containing three-carbon and four-carbon alkyl groups gave the strongest activity (carvacrol derivatives 9-12, IC50 = 128.8-244.1 μM; thymol derivatives 16-19, IC50 = 102.3-191.4 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Brotzman
- Department of Chemistry, Susquehanna University, 514 University Avenue, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA
| | - Yiming Xu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Allison Graybill
- Department of Chemistry, Susquehanna University, 514 University Avenue, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA
| | - Alexander Cocolas
- Department of Chemistry, Susquehanna University, 514 University Avenue, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA
| | - Andrew Ressler
- Department of Chemistry, Susquehanna University, 514 University Avenue, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Hang Ma
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Geneive E Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Susquehanna University, 514 University Avenue, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA.
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44
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Catalysis and inhibition of tyrosinase in the presence of cinnamic acid and some of its derivatives. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:548-554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Synthesis of aryl pyrazole via Suzuki coupling reaction, in vitro mushroom tyrosinase enzyme inhibition assay and in silico comparative molecular docking analysis with Kojic acid. Bioorg Chem 2018; 79:293-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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46
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Pająk M, Kańska M. Isotope effects in mechanistic studies of l-tyrosine halogen derivatives hydroxylation catalyzed by tyrosinase. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017; 314:2123-2128. [PMID: 29213160 PMCID: PMC5707235 DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The kinetic (KIE) and solvent (SIE) isotope effect methods were used to investigate the mechanism of enzymatic hydroxylation of halogenated derivatives of l-tyrosine to l-DOPA catalyzed by the enzyme tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1). The values of deuterium KIE and SIE were obtained using the non-competitive method with spectrophotometric measurements. The Lineweaver–Burk plots were used for determination of the inhibition mode of 3′-iodo-l-tyrosine. Based upon kinetic effects values the mechanism of action of enzyme tyrosinase was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Pająk
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteur 1 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marianna Kańska
- Department of Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 61 Zwirki i Wigury Av., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
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