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Luo F, Zhang M, Zhang L, Zhou P. Nutritional and health effects of bovine colostrum in neonates. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:1631-1645. [PMID: 38052234 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of immunoglobulins, bioactive peptides, and growth factors are found in bovine colostrum (BC), the milk produced by cows in the first few days after parturition. Various biological functions make it increasingly used to provide nutritional support and immune protection to the offspring of many species, including humans. These biological functions include cell growth stimulation, anti-infection, and immunomodulation. The primary components and biological functions of colostrum were reviewed in the literature, and the authors also looked at its latent effects on the growth and development of neonates as well as on conditions such as infections, necrotizing enterocolitis, short bowel syndrome, and feeding intolerance. The importance of BC in neonatal nutrition, immune support, growth and development, and gut health has been demonstrated in a number of experimental and animal studies. BC has also been shown to be safe at low doses without adverse effects in newborns. BC supplementation has been shown to be efficient in preventing several disorders, including rotavirus diarrhea, necrotizing enterocolitis, and sepsis in animal models of prematurity and some newborn studies. Therefore, BC supplementation should be considered in cases where maternal milk is insufficient or donor milk is unavailable. The optimal age, timing, dosage, and form of BC administration still require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmei Luo
- Department of Neonatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Jinan University-Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Jinan University-Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Jinan University-Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Ghadimi D, Fölster-Holst R, Blömer S, Ebsen M, Röcken C, Uchiyama J, Matsuzaki S, Bockelmann W. Intricate Crosstalk Between Food Allergens, Phages, Bacteria, and Eukaryotic Host Cells of the Gut-skin Axis. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2024; 97:309-324. [PMID: 39351325 PMCID: PMC11426303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial and food allergens are associated with immune-mediated food allergies via the gut-skin axis. However, there has been no data on the potential use of phages to rescue this pathological process. A human triple cell co-culture model incorporating colonocytes (T84 cells), macrophages (THP-1 cells), and hepatocytes (Huh7 cells) was established and infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (P.a PAO1) in the absence or presence of its KPP22 phage in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM), DMEM+ ovalbumin (OVA), or DMEM+β-casein media. The physiological health of cells was verified by assessing cell viability and Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) across the T84 monolayer. The immune response of cells was investigated by determining the secretions of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-22, and IL-25. The ability of P.a PAO1 to adhere to and invade T84 cells was evaluated. The addition of either OVA or β-casein potentiated the P.a PAO1-elicited secretion of cytokines. The viability and TEER of the T84 monolayer were lower in the P.a PAO1+OVA group compared to the P.a PAO1 alone and PAO1+β-casein groups. OVA and β-casein significantly increased the adherence and invasion of P.a PAO1 to T84 cells. In the presence of the KPP22 phage, these disruptive effects were abolished. These results imply that: (1) food allergens and bacterial toxic effector molecules exacerbate each other's disruptive effects; (2) food allergen and bacterial signaling at the gut-skin mucosal surface axis depend on a network of bacteria-phage-eukaryotic host interactions; and (3) phages are complementary for the evaluation of pathobiological processes that occur at the interface between bacteria, host cellular milieu, and food antigens because phages intervene in P.a PAO1-, OVA-, and β-casein-derived inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darab Ghadimi
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Kiel, Germany
| | - Regina Fölster-Holst
- Clinic of Dermatology, Venerology und Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sophia Blömer
- Clinic of Dermatology, Venerology und Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Ebsen
- Städtisches MVZ Kiel GmbH (Kiel City Hospital), Department of Pathology, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Institute of Pathology, Kiel University, University Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jumpei Uchiyama
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Matsuzaki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kochi Gakuen University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Wilhelm Bockelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Kiel, Germany
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Akkerman R, Oerlemans MMP, Ferrari M, Fernández-Lainez C, de Haan BJ, Faas MM, Walvoort MTC, de Vos P. Exopolysaccharide β-(2,6)-levan-type fructans have a molecular-weight-dependent modulatory effect on Toll-like receptor signalling. Food Funct 2024; 15:676-688. [PMID: 38108152 PMCID: PMC10802977 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03066k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Fructans are a group of dietary fibers which are known to have many beneficial effects including immune-modulating effects. A family of fructans are β-(2,6)-linked levan-type fructans that are known to serve as exopolysaccharides in the cell wall of many species of bacteria including commensal bacteria and probiotics. It is still largely unknown whether and how they can serve as immunomodulating molecules. RESULTS Microbial β-(2,6)-fructans were found to induce TLR-dependent activation of THP-1 cells, in a dose-dependent fashion. Low molecular weight (Mw), medium Mw and high Mw β-(2,6)-fructans activated both TLR2 and 4 in a dose- and molecular weight-dependent fashion. In addition, it was found that β-(2,6)-fructans were able to inhibit signalling of various TLRs with the strongest effect on TLR5 and 8, which were inhibited by all the β-(2,6)-fructans in a dose- and molecular weight-dependent fashion. The final effect of this activation and inhibition of TLRs on cytokine responses in human dendritic cells (DCs) was minor which may be explained by the counter-activating effects of the different β-(2,6)-linked levan-type fructans on inhibition of TLR signalling in the DCs. CONCLUSION A mechanism by which exopolysaccharide levan β-(2,6)-fructans can be immune-modulating is by impacting TLR signalling. This knowledge could lead to food in which exopolysaccharide levan β-(2,6)-fructans are added for preventing disorders where TLR-signalling is modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Akkerman
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marjolein M P Oerlemans
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Michela Ferrari
- Department of Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cynthia Fernández-Lainez
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Laboratorio de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo y Tamiz, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Bart J de Haan
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marthe T C Walvoort
- Department of Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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López-Fandiño R, Molina E, Lozano-Ojalvo D. Intestinal factors promoting the development of RORγt + cells and oral tolerance. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1294292. [PMID: 37936708 PMCID: PMC10626553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract has to harmonize the two seemingly opposite functions of fulfilling nutritional needs and avoiding the entry of pathogens, toxins and agents that can cause physical damage. This balance requires a constant adjustment of absorptive and defending functions by sensing environmental changes or noxious substances and initiating adaptive or protective mechanisms against them through a complex network of receptors integrated with the central nervous system that communicate with cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. Effective homeostatic processes at barrier sites take the responsibility for oral tolerance, which protects from adverse reactions to food that cause allergic diseases. During a very specific time interval in early life, the establishment of a stable microbiota in the large intestine is sufficient to prevent pathological events in adulthood towards a much larger bacterial community and provide tolerance towards diverse food antigens encountered later in life. The beneficial effects of the microbiome are mainly exerted by innate and adaptive cells that express the transcription factor RORγt, in whose generation, mediated by different bacterial metabolites, retinoic acid signalling plays a predominant role. In addition, recent investigations indicate that food antigens also contribute, analogously to microbial-derived signals, to educating innate immune cells and instructing the development and function of RORγt+ cells in the small intestine, complementing and expanding the tolerogenic effect of the microbiome in the colon. This review addresses the mechanisms through which microbiota-produced metabolites and dietary antigens maintain intestinal homeostasis, highlighting the complementarity and redundancy between their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosina López-Fandiño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
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Hypoxia-Driven Changes in a Human Intestinal Organoid Model and the Protective Effects of Hydrolyzed Whey. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020393. [PMID: 36678267 PMCID: PMC9863820 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many whey proteins, peptides and protein-derived amino acids have been suggested to improve gut health through their anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, barrier-protective and immune-modulating effects. Interestingly, although the degree of hydrolysis influences peptide composition and, thereby, biological function, this important aspect is often overlooked. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effects of whey protein fractions with different degrees of enzymatic hydrolysis on the intestinal epithelium in health and disease with a novel 2D human intestinal organoid (HIO) monolayer model. In addition, we aimed to assess the anti-microbial activity and immune effects of the whey protein fractions. Human intestinal organoids were cultured from adult small intestines, and a model enabling apical administration of nutritional components during hypoxia-induced intestinal inflammation and normoxia (control) in crypt-like and villus-like HIO was established. Subsequently, the potential beneficial effects of whey protein isolate (WPI) and two whey protein hydrolysates with a 27.7% degree of hydrolysis (DH28) and a 50.9% degree of hydrolysis (DH51) were assessed. In addition, possible immune modulatory effects on human peripheral immune cells and anti-microbial activity on four microbial strains of the whey protein fractions were investigated. Exposure to DH28 prevented paracellular barrier loss of crypt-like HIO following hypoxia-induced intestinal inflammation with a concomitant decrease in hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) mRNA expression. WPI increased Treg numbers and Treg expression of cluster of differentiation 25 (CD25) and CD69 and reduced CD4+ T cell proliferation, whereas no anti-microbial effects were observed. The observed biological effects were differentially mediated by diverse whey protein fractions, indicating that (degree of) hydrolysis influences their biological effects. Moreover, these new insights may provide opportunities to improve immune tolerance and promote intestinal health.
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Ishikawa F, Matsubara T, Koyama T, Iwamoto H, Miyaji K. Whey protein hydrolysate mitigates both inflammation and endotoxin tolerance in THP-1 human monocytic leukemia cells. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e737. [PMID: 36444621 PMCID: PMC9639455 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is important to control both inflammation and immunosuppression after severe insults, such as sepsis, trauma, and surgery. Endotoxin tolerance is one of the immunosuppressive conditions and it has been known that endotoxin tolerance relates to poorer clinical outcomes in patients with severe insults. This study investigated whether whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) mitigates inflammation and endotoxin tolerance in THP-1 human monocytic leukemia cells. METHODS Endotoxin tolerance can be experimentally reproduced by two consecutive stimulations with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). THP-1 cells were incubated with LPS and WPH (first stimulation). After collecting the culture supernatant to evaluate the effect on inflammation, the cells were washed and restimulated by 100 ng/ml LPS (second stimulation). The culture supernatant was again collected to evaluate the effect on endotoxin tolerance. Concentrations of LPS and WPH in the first stimulation were adjusted to evaluate their dose dependency. Cytokine levels in the supernatant were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed using the student's t-test or Dunnett's test. RESULTS Five mg/ml WPH significantly decreased interleukin (IL)-6 (p = .006) and IL-10 (p < .001) levels after the first LPS stimulation (1000 ng/ml). WPH significantly increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (p < .001) and IL-10 (p = .014) levels after the second LPS stimulation. The suppressive effect of WPH on inflammation and endotoxin tolerance was dependent on the concentrations of LPS and WPH. The effective dose of WPH for endotoxin tolerance was lower than its effective dose for inflammation. CONCLUSION WPH mitigated both inflammation and endotoxin tolerance. Therefore, WPH might be a candidate for valuable food ingredients to control both inflammation and immunosuppression after severe insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuka Ishikawa
- Health Care & Nutrition Science InstituteR&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd.KanagawaZamaJapan
| | - Takeshi Matsubara
- Health Care & Nutrition Science InstituteR&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd.KanagawaZamaJapan
| | - Takahiro Koyama
- Health Care & Nutrition Science InstituteR&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd.KanagawaZamaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Iwamoto
- Health Care & Nutrition Science InstituteR&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd.KanagawaZamaJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Miyaji
- Health Care & Nutrition Science InstituteR&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd.KanagawaZamaJapan
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Bielecka M, Cichosz G, Czeczot H. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activities of bovine milk proteins and their hydrolysates - A review. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Poonia A, Shiva. Bioactive compounds, nutritional profile and health benefits of colostrum: a review. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2022; 4:26. [PMCID: PMC9592540 DOI: 10.1186/s43014-022-00104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bovine colostrum is defined as first milk by milching animals responsible for providing the innate immunity to the neonatal and possess many immunoglobulins for preventing the calf from diseases. Colostrum consist of many bioactive compounds like proteins, enzymes, growth factors, immunoglobulins and nucleotides that provides several benefits to human health. Numerous clinical and pre-clinical studies have demonstrated the therapeutic benefits of the bovine colostrum. This review focusses on bioactive compounds, their health benefits, potential of colostrum for developing several health foods and prevention of respiratory and gastrointestinal tract disorders. Processing can also be done to extend shelf-life and extraction of bioactive constituents either as encapsulated or as extracts. The products derived from bovine colostrum are high-end supplements possessing high nutraceutical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Poonia
- grid.411507.60000 0001 2287 8816Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
| | - Shiva
- grid.411507.60000 0001 2287 8816Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
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Beukema M, Jermendi É, Koster T, Kitaguchi K, de Haan BJ, van den Berg MA, Faas MM, Schols HA, de Vos P. Attenuation of Doxorubicin-Induced Small Intestinal Mucositis by Pectins is Dependent on Pectin's Methyl-Ester Number and Distribution. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100222. [PMID: 34268870 PMCID: PMC8519125 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Intestinal mucositis is a common side effect of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin, which is characterized by severe Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-mediated inflammation. The dietary fiber pectin is shown to prevent this intestinal inflammation through direct inhibition of TLR2 in a microbiota-independent manner. Recent in vitro studies show that inhibition of TLR2 is determined by the number and distribution of methyl-esters of pectins. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the degree of methyl-esterification (DM) and the degree of blockiness (DB) of pectins determine attenuating efficacy on doxorubicin-induced intestinal mucositis. METHODS AND RESULTS Four structurally different pectins that differed in DM and DB are tested on inhibitory effects on murine TLR2 in vitro, and on doxorubicin-induced intestinal mucositis in mice. These data demonstrate that low DM pectins or intermediate DM pectins with high DB have the strongest inhibitory impact on murine TLR2-1 and the strongest attenuating effect on TLR2-induced apoptosis and peritonitis. Intermediate DM pectin with a low DB is, however, also effective in preventing the induction of doxorubicin-induced intestinal damage. CONCLUSION These pectin structures with stronger TLR2-inhibiting properties may prevent the development of doxorubicin-induced intestinal damage in patients undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment with doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beukema
- Department of Pathology, Medical Biology and Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical BiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 1, 9713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Éva Jermendi
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryWageningen UniversityBornse Weilanden 9, WageningenWG6708The Netherlands
| | - Taco Koster
- Department of Pathology, Medical Biology and Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical BiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 1, 9713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Kohji Kitaguchi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological SciencesGifu University1‐1 YanagidoGifu City501‐1193Japan
| | - Bart J. de Haan
- Department of Pathology, Medical Biology and Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical BiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 1, 9713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Marijke M. Faas
- Department of Pathology, Medical Biology and Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical BiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 1, 9713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Henk A. Schols
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryWageningen UniversityBornse Weilanden 9, WageningenWG6708The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology, Medical Biology and Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical BiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 1, 9713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
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Kalkowski L, Golubczyk D, Kwiatkowska J, Holak P, Milewska K, Janowski M, Oliveira JM, Walczak P, Malysz-Cymborska I. Two in One: Use of Divalent Manganese Ions as Both Cross-Linking and MRI Contrast Agent for Intrathecal Injection of Hydrogel-Embedded Stem Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071076. [PMID: 34371767 PMCID: PMC8309201 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is a promising tool for treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders; though, the translational efforts are plagued by ineffective delivery methods. Due to the large contact surface with CNS and relatively easy access, the intrathecal route of administration is attractive in extensive or global diseases such as stroke or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the precision and efficacy of this approach are still a challenge. Hydrogels were introduced to minimize cell sedimentation and improve cell viability. At the same time, contrast agents were integrated to allow image-guided injection. Here, we report using manganese ions (Mn2+) as a dual agent for cross-linking alginate-based hydrogels and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We performed in vitro studies to test the Mn2+ alginate hydrogel formulations for biocompatibility, injectability, MRI signal retention time, and effect on cell viability. The selected formulation was injected intrathecally into pigs under MRI control. The biocompatibility test showed a lack of immune response, and cells suspended in the hydrogel showed greater viability than monolayer culture. Moreover, Mn2+-labeled hydrogel produced a strong T1 MRI signal, which enabled MRI-guided procedure. We confirmed the utility of Mn2+ alginate hydrogel as a carrier for cells in large animals and a contrast agent at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Kalkowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (L.K.); (D.G.); (J.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Dominika Golubczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (L.K.); (D.G.); (J.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Joanna Kwiatkowska
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (L.K.); (D.G.); (J.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Piotr Holak
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Kamila Milewska
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (L.K.); (D.G.); (J.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.J.); (P.W.)
| | - Joaquim Miguel Oliveira
- a3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.J.); (P.W.)
| | - Izabela Malysz-Cymborska
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (L.K.); (D.G.); (J.K.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-605118887
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Zepeda-Ortega B, Goh A, Xepapadaki P, Sprikkelman A, Nicolaou N, Hernandez REH, Latiff AHA, Yat MT, Diab M, Hussaini BA, Setiabudiawan B, Kudla U, van Neerven RJJ, Muhardi L, Warner JO. Strategies and Future Opportunities for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Cow Milk Allergy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:608372. [PMID: 34177882 PMCID: PMC8222906 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.608372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of food allergy has increased over the last 20-30 years, including cow milk allergy (CMA) which is one of the most common causes of infant food allergy. International allergy experts met in 2019 to discuss broad topics in allergy prevention and management of CMA including current challenges and future opportunities. The highlights of the meeting combined with recently published developments are presented here. Primary prevention of CMA should start from pre-pregnancy with a focus on a healthy lifestyle and food diversity to ensure adequate transfer of inhibitory IgG- allergen immune complexes across the placenta especially in mothers with a history of allergic diseases and planned c-section delivery. For non-breastfed infants, there is controversy about the preventive role of partially hydrolyzed formulae (pHF) despite some evidence of health economic benefits among those with a family history of allergy. Clinical management of CMA consists of secondary prevention with a focus on the development of early oral tolerance. The use of extensive Hydrolysate Formulae (eHF) is the nutrition of choice for the majority of non-breastfed infants with CMA; potentially with pre-, probiotics and LCPUFA to support early oral tolerance induction. Future opportunities are, among others, pre- and probiotics supplementation for mothers and high-risk infants for the primary prevention of CMA. A controlled prospective study implementing a step-down milk formulae ladder with various degrees of hydrolysate is proposed for food challenges and early development of oral tolerance. This provides a more precise gradation of milk protein exposure than those currently recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Zepeda-Ortega
- Pediatric Allergist Private Practice, Angeles Lomas Hospital Huixquilucan Mexican State, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anne Goh
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paraskevi Xepapadaki
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aline Sprikkelman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Miu Ting Yat
- Department of Paediatrics, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mohamed Diab
- Pediatric Department Faculty of Medicine, Children Hospital Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bakr Al Hussaini
- Department of Pediatrics, Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Budi Setiabudiawan
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Univesitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | | | - R J Joost van Neerven
- R&D, FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, Netherlands.,Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Leilani Muhardi
- Medical Affairs, Friesland Campina AMEA, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John O Warner
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.,Paediatrics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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12
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Beukema M, Jermendi É, Schols HA, de Vos P. The influence of calcium on pectin's impact on TLR2 signalling. Food Funct 2021; 11:7427-7432. [PMID: 32902547 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01703e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High intake of dietary fibres and calcium has been correlated to a lower frequency of Western disease such as allergy, asthma and obesity. How the combined higher intake of dietary fibres and calcium reduces the incidence of these diseases is unknown. Dietary fibre pectin can interact with Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and calcium in a degree of methyl-esterification (DM)-dependent manner. Low DM pectins interact stronger with TLR2 than high DM pectins. Since low DM pectin are known to bind calcium strongly, we investigated how calcium influences the DM-dependent impact of pectins on TLR2 signalling. We tested TLR2 activating, inhibiting and binding properties of pectins with DM18, DM52 and DM69 under 0 mM, 1 mM and 10 mM calcium conditions. None of the pectins activated TLR2, but pectins inhibited TLR2. Under 0 mM calcium conditions, especially DM18 and DM52 strongly inhibited TLR2 and bound strongly to TLR2. Addition of 1 and 10 mM calcium to these pectins reduced TLR2 inhibition and TLR2 binding. Our study shows that calcium reduces inhibition of TLR2 by low and intermediate DM pectins, but calcium has lower impact on TLR2 inhibition by high DM pectins. Calcium may therefore beneficially influence the impact of pectin on TLR2 signalling and contribute to an improved intestinal barrier function. A combined higher intake of pectin and calcium may therefore contribute to a lower incidence of Western diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beukema
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Éva Jermendi
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Paulus de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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13
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Playford RJ, Weiser MJ. Bovine Colostrum: Its Constituents and Uses. Nutrients 2021; 13:265. [PMID: 33477653 PMCID: PMC7831509 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colostrum is the milk produced during the first few days after birth and contains high levels of immunoglobulins, antimicrobial peptides, and growth factors. Colostrum is important for supporting the growth, development, and immunologic defence of neonates. Colostrum is naturally packaged in a combination that helps prevent its destruction and maintain bioactivity until it reaches more distal gut regions and enables synergistic responses between protective and reparative agents present within it. Bovine colostrum been used for hundreds of years as a traditional or complementary therapy for a wide variety of ailments and in veterinary practice. Partly due to concerns about the side effects of standard Western medicines, there is interest in the use of natural-based products of which colostrum is a prime example. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated therapeutic benefits of bovine colostrum for a wide range of indications, including maintenance of wellbeing, treatment of medical conditions and for animal husbandry. Articles within this Special Issue of Nutrients cover the effects and use bovine colostrum and in this introductory article, we describe the main constituents, quality control and an overview of the use of bovine colostrum in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond John Playford
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, UK
- Department of R&D, PanTheryx Inc., Boulder, CO 80301, USA;
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14
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He P, Wang Q, Zhan Q, Pan L, Xin X, Wu H, Zhang M. Purification and characterization of immunomodulatory peptides from enzymatic hydrolysates of duck egg ovalbumin. Food Funct 2021; 12:668-681. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02674c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Duck egg white (DEW) is considered as an abandoned protein resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping He
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Qiping Zhan
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Leiman Pan
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xuan Xin
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
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15
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Hu S, Kuwabara R, Navarro Chica CE, Smink AM, Koster T, Medina JD, de Haan BJ, Beukema M, Lakey JRT, García AJ, de Vos P. Toll-like receptor 2-modulating pectin-polymers in alginate-based microcapsules attenuate immune responses and support islet-xenograft survival. Biomaterials 2020; 266:120460. [PMID: 33099059 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Encapsulation of pancreatic islets in alginate-microcapsules is used to reduce or avoid the application of life-long immunosuppression in preventing rejection. Long-term graft function, however, is limited due to varying degrees of host tissue responses against the capsules. Major graft-longevity limiting responses include inflammatory responses provoked by biomaterials and islet-derived danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). This paper reports on a novel strategy for engineering alginate microcapsules presenting immunomodulatory polymer pectin with varying degrees of methyl-esterification (DM) to reduce these host tissue responses. DM18-pectin/alginate microcapsules show a significant decrease of DAMP-induced Toll-Like Receptor-2 mediated immune activation in vitro, and reduce peri-capsular fibrosis in vivo in mice compared to higher DM-pectin/alginate microcapsules and conventional alginate microcapsules. By testing efficacy of DM18-pectin/alginate microcapsules in vivo, we demonstrate that low-DM pectin support long-term survival of xenotransplanted rat islets in diabetic mice. This study provides a novel strategy to attenuate host responses by creating immunomodulatory capsule surfaces that attenuate activation of specific pro-inflammatory immune receptors locally at the transplantation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Hu
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Rei Kuwabara
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carlos E Navarro Chica
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandra M Smink
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Taco Koster
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Juan D Medina
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Bart J de Haan
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Beukema
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan R T Lakey
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, 333 City Boulevard West Suite 1600, Orange, CA, 92868, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, 5200 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
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16
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Beukema M, Jermendi É, van den Berg MA, Faas MM, Schols HA, de Vos P. The impact of the level and distribution of methyl-esters of pectins on TLR2-1 dependent anti-inflammatory responses. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 251:117093. [PMID: 33152851 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Pectins have anti-inflammatory effects via Toll-like receptor (TLR) inhibition in a degree of methyl-esterification-(DM)-dependent manner. However, pectins also vary in distribution of methyl-esters over the galacturonic-acid (GalA) backbone (Degree of Blockiness - DB) and impact of this on anti-inflammatory capacity is unknown. Pectins mainly inhibit TLR2-1 but magnitude depends on both DM and DB. Low DM pectins (DM18/19) with both low (DB86) and high DB (DB94) strongly inhibit TLR2-1. However, pectins with intermediate DM (DM43/DM49) and high DB (DB60), but not with low DB (DB33), inhibit TLR2-1 as strongly as low DM. High DM pectins (DM84/88) with DB71 and DB91 do not inhibit TLR2-1 strongly. Pectin-binding to TLR2 was confirmed by capture-ELISA. In human macrophages, low DM and intermediate DM pectins with high DB inhibited TLR2-1 induced IL-6 secretion. Both high number and blockwise distribution of non-esterified GalA in pectins are responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of TLR2-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beukema
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - É Jermendi
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - M A van den Berg
- DSM Biotechnology Center, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613 AX, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - M M Faas
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - H A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - P de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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17
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Comparing the effects of whey and casein supplementation on nutritional status and immune parameters in patients with chronic liver disease: a randomised double-blind controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:768-779. [PMID: 32807252 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein supplementation may be beneficial for patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). This study compared the effects of whey protein isolate (WP) and casein (CA) supplementation on nutritional status and immune parameters of CLD patients who were randomly assigned to take 20 g of WP or CA twice per d as a supplement for 15 d. Body composition, muscle functionality and plasmatic immunomarkers were assessed before and after supplementation. Patients were also classified according to the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) into less (MELD < 15) and more (MELD ≥ 15) severe disease groups. Malnutrition, determined by the Subjective Global Assessment at baseline, was observed in 57·4 % and 54·2 % of patients in the WP and CA groups, respectively (P = 0·649). Protein intake was lower at baseline in the WP group than in the CA group (P = 0·035), with no difference after supplementation (P = 0·410). Both the WP and CA MELD < 15 groups increased protein intake after supplementation according to the intragroup analysis. No differences were observed in body composition, muscle functionality, most plasma cytokines (TNF, IL-6, IL-1β and interferon-γ), immunomodulatory proteins (sTNFR1, sTNFR2, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor) or immunomodulatory hormones (adiponectin, insulin and leptin) after supplementation in the WP groups at the two assessed moments. WP supplementation increased the levels of interferon-γ-induced protein-10/CXCL10 (P = 0·022), eotaxin-1/CCL11 (P = 0·031) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CCL2 (P = 0·018) and decreased IL-5 (P = 0·027), including among those in the MELD ≥ 15 group, for whom IL-10 was also increased (P = 0·008). Thus, WP consumption by patients with CLD impacted the immunomodulatory responses when compared with CA with no impact on nutritional status.
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18
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Buey B, Bellés A, Latorre E, Abad I, Pérez MD, Grasa L, Mesonero JE, Sánchez L. Comparative effect of bovine buttermilk, whey, and lactoferrin on the innate immunity receptors and oxidative status of intestinal epithelial cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 99:54-60. [PMID: 32538128 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk contains bioactive molecules with important functions as defensive proteins; among them are the whey protein lactoferrin and proteins of the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) present in buttermilk. The aim of this study has been to investigate the effects of lactoferrin, whey, and buttermilk as modulators of intestinal innate immunity and oxidative stress on intestinal epithelial cells, to evaluate its potential use for the development of functional foods. The mRNA expression levels of innate immune system Toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals) and protein expression levels of carbonyl were analyzed in enterocyte-like Caco-2/TC7 cells treated for 24 h with different concentrations of lactoferrin, whey, or buttermilk. None of the substances analyzed caused oxidative damage; however, whey significantly decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, both lactoferrin and whey reduced the oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide. With respect to TLR receptors, lactoferrin, whey, and buttermilk specifically altered the expression of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 receptors, with a strong decrease in the expression levels of TLR4. These results suggest that lactoferrin, whey, and buttermilk are potentially interesting ingredients for functional foods because they seem to modulate oxidative stress and the inflammatory response induced by the activation of TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Buey
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrea Bellés
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eva Latorre
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Inés Abad
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Dolores Pérez
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Grasa
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Emilio Mesonero
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lourdes Sánchez
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
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19
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Cian RE, Hernández-Chirlaque C, Gámez-Belmonte R, Drago SR, Sánchez de Medina F, Martínez-Augustin O. Molecular action mechanism of anti-inflammatory hydrolysates obtained from brewers' spent grain. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:2880-2888. [PMID: 32020613 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brewers' spent grain (BSG) is a relevant, protein-rich by-product of the brewing process. Protein hydrolysates from different sources exert immune-regulatory actions activating toll-like receptors (TLRs), nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Effects of gastrointestinal digestion have been poorly studied. Here, we studied the immune-regulatory effect of BSG hydrolysates, and their in-vitro-digested products, on rat splenocytes, macrophages, and T lymphocytes RESULTS: In primary cultures of rat spleen cells, BSG hydrolysates induced interleukin 10 and tumor necrosis factor production in basal conditions. Under stimulation with lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A, hydrolysates further induced interleukin 10 production. Tumor necrosis factor and interferon-γ were inhibited in lipopolysaccharide- and concanavalin-A-stimulated cells respectively. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion attenuated the observed effects. Splenic macrophages and T lymphocytes behaved in a similar fashion. In spleen cells from TLR2-/- and TLR4-/- mice, immune-regulatory effects were greatly reduced or abrogated. The study of signal transduction pathways indicated a major involvement of NFκB, and the contribution of MAPKs p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2. CONCLUSION BSG hydrolysates, like those obtained from other food sources, regulate the immune response, involving TLR2 and TLR4 and the activation of NFκB and MAPKs, an effect partly maintained after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Our data support the hypothesis of a shared, rather unspecific, mechanism of action of protein hydrolysates. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl E Cian
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ - UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Cristina Hernández-Chirlaque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación, Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Reyes Gámez-Belmonte
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Silvina R Drago
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ - UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación, Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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20
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Yang Q, Cai X, Huang M, Wang S. A specific peptide with immunomodulatory activity from Pseudostellaria heterophylla and the action mechanism. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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21
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Martínez-Blanco M, Pérez-Rodríguez L, Lozano-Ojalvo D, Molina E, López-Fandiño R. Ovalbumin-Derived Peptides Activate Retinoic Acid Signalling Pathways and Induce Regulatory Responses Through Toll-Like Receptor Interactions. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030831. [PMID: 32245005 PMCID: PMC7146383 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of a hydrolysate of ovalbumin with pepsin (OP) to preclude Th2-type immunity by the enhancement of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Through Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation, OP enhances the retinoic acid pathway on DCs by means of the induction of aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and it confers upon DC the ability to upregulate interleukin 10 (IL-10) as well as other tolerance-promoting mediators downstream of TRL signalling, such as IL-27, IL-33, Notch ligands, OX40L, and the transcription factors IRF4 and IRF8. OP-conditioned DCs induce the expansion of Foxp3+ and Tr1 cells in co-culture with CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, OP directly conditions CD4+ T cells from naïve mice, without the mediation of DCs, to express aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymes and, in the presence of the Th2 cytokine IL-4 and exogenous TGF-β, it enhances Foxp3 expression. It is noteworthy that, on CD4+ T cells isolated from egg-allergic mice, OP significantly enriches the levels of Foxp3+ and Foxp3+ RORγt+ CD4+ T cells. In conclusion, we show that food peptides may work, analogously to microbial-driven signals, through TLRs, to promote a tolerogenic phenotype on cells of the innate and adaptive immune system, a property that is further enhanced in the context of a Th2 cytokine-rich environment.
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22
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Cai J, Li X, Du H, Jiang C, Xu S, Cao Y. Immunomodulatory significance of natural peptides in mammalians: Promising agents for medical application. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151936. [PMID: 32209241 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of immune responses by immunoregulatory agents, such as the natural or synthetic immunomodulatory peptides, has been suggested as a potential strategy to modulate immune system against infection and other immune-related diseases. These compositionally simple peptides have attracted much attention for many drug developers, due to their high activity, low toxicity and clear target specificity. Host defence peptides and milk-derived peptides are two kinds of natural immunomodulatory peptides which have been widely studied in mammalians. They could participate at the interface of innate and adaptive immunity by regulating immune effector cells. This review summarizes the recent advances in host defence peptides and milk-derived peptides as well as their general characteristics, immunomodulatory functions and possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongming Du
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengfei Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China.
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23
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Jeffrey MP, Jones Taggart H, Strap JL, Edun G, Green-Johnson JM. Milk fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 induces a regulatory cytokine profile in LPS-challenged U937 and THP-1 macrophages. Curr Res Food Sci 2020; 3:51-58. [PMID: 32914120 PMCID: PMC7473351 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented dairy products have become attractive functional foods for the delivery of probiotics and their biologically active metabolites. The aim of this study was to examine the immunomodulatory activity of milk fermented with the probiotic lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 (LrF) on macrophages challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent pro-inflammatory stimulus. To this end, human THP-1 or U937 monocytes were differentiated into resting macrophages then stimulated with LPS and co-incubated with the LrF or with milk controls. Levels of pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Culturing of LPS-stimulated U937 macrophages with either the whole or filtered LrF resulted in an increase in Interleukin (IL)-1Ra production relative to the negative control. THP-1 macrophages cultured with the LrF demonstrated an increase in LPS-induced IL-10 and IL-1β production, while production of LPS-induced IL-6, sCD54, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12p70 and Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) was unaffected. Further, the LrF induced the expression of DC-SIGN and CD206, markers of immunoregulatory M2 macrophage polarization, in LPS-challenged THP-1 macrophages. Taken together, milk fermented with L. rhamnosus R0011 increased regulatory cytokine production from LPS-challenged U937 and THP-1 macrophages, while simultaneously up-regulating the production of IL-1β and expression of DC-SIGN and CD206, a profile characteristic of polarization into the immunoregulatory M2 macrophage phenotype. Milk fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 (Lrf) induces a regulatory macrophage phenotype. Modulation of cytokine profiles induced by lipopolysaccharide challenge consistent with an alternatively activated (M2) macrophage phenotype. Fermented milk conditioning induced macrophage expression of genes characteristic of M2 macrophage polarization (DC-SIGN and CD206).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Jeffrey
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - Holly Jones Taggart
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Janice L. Strap
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Gibran Edun
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Julia M. Green-Johnson
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada
- Corresponding author. Faculty of Science, Ontario Technical University, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON, Canada.
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24
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Human milk oligosaccharides and its acid hydrolysate LNT2 show immunomodulatory effects via TLRs in a dose and structure-dependent way. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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25
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Bovine κ-Casein Fragment Induces Hypo-Responsive M2-Like Macrophage Phenotype. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071688. [PMID: 31340476 PMCID: PMC6683041 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulatory nutraceuticals have garnered special attention due to their therapeutic potential for the amelioration of many chronic inflammatory conditions. Macrophages are key players in the induction, propagation and resolution of inflammation, actively contributing to the pathogenesis and resolution of inflammatory disorders. As such, this study aimed to investigate the possible therapeutic effects bovine casein derived nutraceuticals exert on macrophage immunological function. Initial studies demonstrated that sodium caseinate induced a M2-like macrophage phenotype that was attributed to the kappa-casein subunit. Kappa-casein primed macrophages acquired a M2-like phenotype that expressed CD206, CD54, OX40L, CD40 on the cell surface and gene expression of Arg-1, RELM-α and YM1, archetypical M2 markers. Macrophages stimulated with kappa-casein secreted significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-10 in response to TLR stimulation through a mechanism that targeted the nuclear factor-κB signal transduction pathway. Macrophage proteolytic processing of kappa-casein was required to elicit these suppressive effects, indicating that a fragment other than C-terminal fragment, glycomacropeptide, induced these modulatory effects. Kappa-casein treated macrophages also impaired T-cell responses. Given the powerful immuno-modulatory effects exhibited by kappa-casein and our understanding of immunopathology associated with inflammatory diseases, this fragment has the potential as an oral nutraceutical and therefore warrants further investigation.
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26
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Cow's Milk Allergy: Immunomodulation by Dietary Intervention. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061399. [PMID: 31234330 PMCID: PMC6627562 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cow’s milk proteins cause allergic symptoms in 2% to 3% of all infants. In these individuals, the physiological mechanism of tolerance is broken with subsequent possible sensitization to antigens, which can lead eventually to allergic responses. The present review aims to provide an overview of different aspects of immune modulation by dietary intervention in cow’s milk allergy (CMA). It focuses on pathogenetic mechanisms of different CMA related disorders, e.g., gastroesophageal reflux and eosinophilic esophagitis, highlighting the role of dietary management on innate and adaptive immune systems. The traditional dietary management of CMA has greatly changed in the last years, moving from a passive approach, consisting of an elimination diet to relieve symptoms, to a “proactive” one, meaning the possibility to actively modulate the immune system. Thus, new insights into the role of hydrolysates and baked milk in immunomodulation are addressed here. Additionally, nutritional components, such as pre- and probiotics, may target the immune system via microbiota, offering a possible road map for new CMA prevention and treatment strategies.
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27
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Corrochano AR, Ferraretto A, Arranz E, Stuknytė M, Bottani M, O'Connor PM, Kelly PM, De Noni I, Buckin V, Giblin L. Bovine whey peptides transit the intestinal barrier to reduce oxidative stress in muscle cells. Food Chem 2019; 288:306-314. [PMID: 30902298 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Health benefits are routinely attributed to whey proteins, their hydrolysates and peptides based on in vitro chemical and cellular assays. The objective of this study was to track the fate of whey proteins through the upper gastrointestinal tract, their uptake across the intestinal barrier and then assess the physiological impact to downstream target cells. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) released a selection of whey peptides some of which were transported across a Caco-2/HT-29 intestinal barrier, inhibited free radical formation in muscle and liver cells. In addition, SGID of β-lactoglobulin resulted in the highest concentration of free amino acids (176 nM) arriving on the basolateral side of the co-culture with notable levels of branched chain and sulphur-containing amino acids. In vitro results indicate that consumption of whey proteins will deliver bioactive peptides to target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto R Corrochano
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork, Ireland; School of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Anita Ferraretto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Segrate, Italy
| | - Elena Arranz
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork, Ireland
| | - Milda Stuknytė
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Bottani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Segrate, Italy
| | - Paula M O'Connor
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork, Ireland
| | - Phil M Kelly
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork, Ireland
| | - Ivano De Noni
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vitaly Buckin
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Linda Giblin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork, Ireland.
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28
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Kiewiet MBG, Dekkers R, van Gool MP, Ulfman LH, Groeneveld A, Faas MM, de Vos P. Identification of a TLR2 Inhibiting Wheat Hydrolysate. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800716. [PMID: 30354027 PMCID: PMC6646915 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Wheat hydrolysates are used in medical nutrition to provide undernourished patients a readily digestible protein source, for instance to recover from chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucosal inflammation. Since many hydrolysates of different sources can modulate the immune system, likely via Toll-like receptors (TLRs), it is hypothesized that also wheat hydrolysates might interact with TLR signaling, which could be a way to prevent intestinal inflammation and damage. METHODS AND RESULTS The capacity of three wheat hydrolysates to modulate immunity by interfering with TLR signaling is determined. All wheat hydrolysates have TLR modulating effects but only one has strong TLR2 inhibiting effects, attenuating both TLR2/1 and TLR2/6 signaling in a reporter cell system. This is likely induced by direct TLR2-ectodomain binding, as confirmed by ELISA. Furthermore, this TLR2 blocking hydrolysate reduces IL-6 production in human dendritic cells. Application of reversed-phase-ultra HPLC combined with MS reveals that the presence of peptide WQIPEQSR is associated with the observed TLR2 inhibiting capacity. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates TLR2-inhibiting capacities of a wheat hydrolysate. The findings provide a good start for further research to investigate whether this hydrolysate might contribute to the management of intestinal mucosal inflammation in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mensiena B. G. Kiewiet
- ImmunoendocrinologyDivision of Medical BiologyDepartment of Pathology and Medical BiologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 19700RBGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Renske Dekkers
- FrieslandCampinaStationsplein 43818LEAmersfoortThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Marijke M. Faas
- ImmunoendocrinologyDivision of Medical BiologyDepartment of Pathology and Medical BiologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 19700RBGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center Groningen9713GZGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- ImmunoendocrinologyDivision of Medical BiologyDepartment of Pathology and Medical BiologyUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 19700RBGroningenThe Netherlands
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29
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Kiewiet MBG, Faas MM, de Vos P. Immunomodulatory Protein Hydrolysates and Their Application. Nutrients 2018; 10:E904. [PMID: 30011891 PMCID: PMC6073538 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulatory protein hydrolysate consumption may delay or prevent western immune-related diseases. In order to purposively develop protein hydrolysates with an optimal and reproducible immunomodulatory effect, knowledge is needed on which components in protein hydrolysates are responsible for the immune effects. Important advances have been made on this aspect. Also, knowledge on mechanisms underlying the immune modulating effects is indispensable. In this review, we discuss the most promising application possibilities for immunomodulatory protein hydrolysates. In order to do so, an overview is provided on reported in vivo immune effects of protein hydrolysates in both local intestinal and systemic organs, and the current insights in the underlying mechanisms of these effects. Furthermore, we discuss current knowledge and physicochemical approaches to identify the immune active protein sequence(s). We conclude that multiple hydrolysate compositions show specific immune effects. This knowledge can improve the efficacy of existing hydrolysate-containing products such as sports nutrition, clinical nutrition, and infant formula. We also provide arguments for why immunomodulatory protein hydrolysates could be applied to manage the immune response in the increasing number of individuals with a higher risk of immune dysfunction due to, for example, increasing age or stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mensiena B G Kiewiet
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
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30
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Cian RE, Hernández-Chirlaque C, Gámez-Belmonte R, Drago SR, Sánchez de Medina F, Martínez-Augustin O. Green Alga Ulva spp. Hydrolysates and Their Peptide Fractions Regulate Cytokine Production in Splenic Macrophages and Lymphocytes Involving the TLR4-NFκB/MAPK Pathways. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E235. [PMID: 29997311 PMCID: PMC6071126 DOI: 10.3390/md16070235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrolysates of food protein sources have immunomodulatory effects, which are of interest for use as functional foods. In this study, we have characterized the immune regulatory effect on rat splenocytes, macrophages and T lymphocytes of Ulva spp. hydrolysates and their peptide fractions with or without in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and/or ultrafiltration. IL-10 was induced in almost all conditions and cell types obtained from wild type animals. The induction was in general increased by ultrafiltration and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. TNF was also induced in basal conditions. In turn, TNF and IFN-γ production was attenuated by the hydrolysate products in lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A immune stimulated cells. Inhibitors for the activation of NFκB, MAPK p38 and JNK inhibited IL-10 induction in rat splenocytes. The response was dramatically attenuated in TLR4-/- cells, and only modestly in TLR2-/- cells. Food peptides from Ulva spp. genus exert anti-inflammatory effects in immune cells mediated by TLR4 and NFκB. Similarity with the immunomodulatory profile of protein hydrolysates from other sources suggests a common mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl E Cian
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ-UNL, 1 de Mayo 3250, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Cristina Hernández-Chirlaque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Reyes Gámez-Belmonte
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Silvina R Drago
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ-UNL, 1 de Mayo 3250, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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31
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Kiewiet MBG, Dekkers R, Ulfman LH, Groeneveld A, de Vos P, Faas MM. Immunomodulating protein aggregates in soy and whey hydrolysates and their resistance to digestion in an in vitro infant gastrointestinal model: new insights in the mechanism of immunomodulatory hydrolysates. Food Funct 2018; 9:604-613. [PMID: 29271442 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01537b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrolysates, which are used in hypoallergenic infant formulas, have been found to possess immune modulating effects. For an optimal utilization of hydrolysates, the working mechanisms and responsible proteins underlying the effects should be elucidated. In this study, the immunomodulating activity of whey and soy hydrolysates was studied by quantifying TLR activation and assessing cytokine production in hydrolysate stimulated dendritic cells. The responsible protein fraction was identified and characterized by gel electrophoresis. The immune effects under gastrointestinal conditions were studied by digesting the hydrolysates in an in vitro infant digestion model, after which the digests were analyzed. In both soy and whey hydrolysates, TLR activation and cytokine production in dendritic cells were induced by a fraction containing protein aggregates larger than 1000 kDa, which were formed by electrostatic interactions and disulfide bonds. Only soy aggregates remained intact during duodenal digestion, and maintained the TLR activating capacity. Soy and whey protein aggregates larger than 1000 kDa possess immunomodulatory properties, but only soy aggregates remain under intestinal digestion conditions. This knowledge is important for a better understanding of the effects of hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mensiena B G Kiewiet
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
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32
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Kiewiet MBG, van Esch BCAM, Garssen J, Faas MM, de Vos P. Partially hydrolyzed whey proteins prevent clinical symptoms in a cow's milk allergy mouse model and enhance regulatory T and B cell frequencies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mensiena B. Gea Kiewiet
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; RB Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Betty C. A. M. van Esch
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Marijke M. Faas
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; RB Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; RB Groningen The Netherlands
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