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Calvo-Monge J, Arroyo-Esquivel J, Gehman A, Sanchez F. Source-Sink Dynamics in a Two-Patch SI Epidemic Model with Life Stages and No Recovery from Infection. Bull Math Biol 2024; 86:102. [PMID: 38976154 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-024-01328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of a two-patch, two-life stage SI model without recovery from infection, focusing on the dynamics of disease spread and host population viability in natural populations. The model, inspired by real-world ecological crises like the decline of amphibian populations due to chytridiomycosis and sea star populations due to Sea Star Wasting Disease, aims to understand the conditions under which a sink host population can present ecological rescue from a healthier, source population. Mathematical and numerical analyses reveal the critical roles of the basic reproductive numbers of the source and sink populations, the maturation rate, and the dispersal rate of juveniles in determining population outcomes. The study identifies basic reproduction numbers R 0 for each of the patches, and conditions for the basic reproduction numbers to produce a receiving patch under which its population. These findings provide insights into managing natural populations affected by disease, with implications for conservation strategies, such as the importance of maintaining reproductively viable refuge populations and considering the effects of dispersal and maturation rates on population recovery. The research underscores the complexity of host-pathogen dynamics in spatially structured environments and highlights the need for multi-faceted approaches to biodiversity conservation in the face of emerging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Calvo-Monge
- Escuela de Matemática, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 11501, Costa Rica
| | - Jorge Arroyo-Esquivel
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC, 20015, USA.
| | | | - Fabio Sanchez
- Escuela de Matemática, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 11501, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Matemática Pura y Aplicada, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 11501, Costa Rica
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2
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Tytar V, Nekrasova O, Pupins M, Skute A, Kirjušina M, Gravele E, Mezaraupe L, Marushchak O, Čeirāns A, Kozynenko I, Kulikova AA. Modeling the Distribution of the Chytrid Fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis with Special Reference to Ukraine. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:607. [PMID: 37367543 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphibians are the most threatened group of vertebrates. While habitat loss poses the greatest threat to amphibians, a spreading fungal disease caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Longcore, Pessier & D.K. Nichols 1999 (Bd) is seriously affecting an increasing number of species. Although Bd is widely prevalent, there are identifiable heterogeneities in the pathogen's distribution that are linked to environmental parameters. Our objective was to identify conditions that affect the geographic distribution of this pathogen using species distribution models (SDMs) with a special focus on Eastern Europe. SDMs can help identify hotspots for future outbreaks of Bd but perhaps more importantly identify locations that may be environmental refuges ("coldspots") from infection. In general, climate is considered a major factor driving amphibian disease dynamics, but temperature in particular has received increased attention. Here, 42 environmental raster layers containing data on climate, soil, and human impact were used. The mean annual temperature range (or 'continentality') was found to have the strongest constraint on the geographic distribution of this pathogen. The modeling allowed to distinguish presumable locations that may be environmental refuges from infection and set up a framework to guide future search (sampling) of chytridiomycosis in Eastern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Tytar
- I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Nekrasova
- I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Life Sciences and Technologies, Daugavpils University, LV5400 Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Mihails Pupins
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Life Sciences and Technologies, Daugavpils University, LV5400 Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Arturs Skute
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Life Sciences and Technologies, Daugavpils University, LV5400 Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Muza Kirjušina
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Life Sciences and Technologies, Daugavpils University, LV5400 Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Evita Gravele
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Life Sciences and Technologies, Daugavpils University, LV5400 Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Ligita Mezaraupe
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Life Sciences and Technologies, Daugavpils University, LV5400 Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Oleksii Marushchak
- I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Andris Čeirāns
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Life Sciences and Technologies, Daugavpils University, LV5400 Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Iryna Kozynenko
- I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
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3
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Jacinto-Maldonado M, González-Salazar C, Basanta MD, García-Peña GE, Saucedo B, Lesbarrères D, Meza-Figueroa D, Stephens CR. Water Pollution Increases the Risk of Chytridiomycosis in Mexican Amphibians. ECOHEALTH 2023:10.1007/s10393-023-01631-0. [PMID: 37140741 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-023-01631-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chytridiomycosis is affecting amphibians worldwide, causing the decline and extinction of several amphibian populations. The disease is caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a multihost pathogen living in freshwater habitats. While several environmental factors have been associated with the prevalence of Bd and its virulence, the effects of water quality on the pathogen are not clear yet. Some evidence suggests that water pollution may reduce amphibians' immune response and increase prevalence of Bd. To explore this hypothesis, we analyzed the relationship between water quality and the presence of Bd by using spatial data mining of 150 geolocations of Bd in amphibians from 9 families where Bd positive specimens have been previously reported, and water quality in 4,202 lentic and lotic water bodies in Mexico from 2010 to 2021. Our model showed that in the 3 main families where Bd was recorded, its presence is high in locations with low water quality, i.e., water polluted likely contaminated with urban and industrial waste. Using this model, we inferred areas suitable for Bd in Mexico; mainly in poorly studied areas along the gulf and on the pacific slope. We further argue that actions to reduce water pollution should become an integral part of public policies to prevent the spread of Bd and protect amphibians from this deadly pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jacinto-Maldonado
- Departamento de Geología, División de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo Sonora, México.
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, México.
| | - C González-Salazar
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, México
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, México
| | - M D Basanta
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - G E García-Peña
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, México
| | - B Saucedo
- IDEXX Laboratories B.V, Holland, The Netherlands
| | - D Lesbarrères
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Greater Sudbury, Canada
| | - D Meza-Figueroa
- Departamento de Geología, División de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo Sonora, México
| | - C R Stephens
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, México
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City, México
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Basanta MD, Anaya‐Morales SL, Martínez‐Ugalde E, González Martínez TM, Ávila‐Akerberg VD, Trejo MV, Rebollar EA. Metamorphosis and seasonality are major determinants of chytrid infection in a paedomorphic salamander. Anim Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. D. Basanta
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico
- Department of Biology University of Nevada Reno Reno NV USA
| | - S. L. Anaya‐Morales
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico
| | - E. Martínez‐Ugalde
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico
| | - T. M. González Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - V. D. Ávila‐Akerberg
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Toluca Estado de México Mexico
| | - M. V. Trejo
- Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - E. A. Rebollar
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico
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Deknock A, Pasmans F, van Leeuwenberg R, Van Praet S, De Troyer N, Goessens T, Lammens L, Bruneel S, Lens L, Martel A, Croubels S, Goethals P. Impact of heavy metal exposure on biological control of a deadly amphibian pathogen by zooplankton. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153800. [PMID: 35150694 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite devastating effects on global biodiversity, efficient mitigation strategies against amphibian chytridiomycosis are lacking. Since the free-living pathogenic zoospores of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), the infective stage of this disease, can serve as a nutritious food source for components of zooplankton communities, these groups may act as biological control agents by eliminating zoospores from the aquatic environment. Such pathogen-predator interaction is, however, embedded in the aquatic food web structure and is therefore affected by abiotic factors interfering with these networks. Heavy metals, released from both natural and anthropogenic sources, are widespread contaminants of aquatic ecosystems and may interfere with planktonic communities and thus pathogen elimination rates. We investigated the interaction between zooplankton communities and chytridiomycosis infections in a Flemish agricultural region. Moreover, we also investigated the impact of heavy metal contamination, that was previously investigated in the region and presented in recent work, on zooplankton assemblages and chytridiomycosis infections. Finally, we tested the effect of sublethal concentrations of copper and zinc on Bd removal rates by Daphnia magna in a laboratory assay. Although zinc, copper, nickel and chromium were widely abundant pollutants, heavy metals were no driving force for zooplankton assemblages at our study locations. Moreover, our field survey did not reveal indirect effects of zooplankton assemblages on chytridiomycosis infections. However, sampling occasions testing negative for Bd showed a higher degree of copper contamination compared to positive sampling occasions, indicating a potential inhibitory effect of copper on Bd prevalence. Finally, whereas D. magna significantly reduced zoospore densities in its environment, sublethal concentrations of copper and zinc showed no interference with pathogen removal in the laboratory assay. Our results provide perspectives for further research on such a biological control strategy against chytridiomycosis by optimizing environmental conditions for pathogen predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Deknock
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Building F, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, D9, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Robby van Leeuwenberg
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, D9, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sarah Van Praet
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, D9, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Niels De Troyer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Building F, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tess Goessens
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, D9, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Leni Lammens
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, D9, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Stijn Bruneel
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Building F, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Lens
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, D9, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, D9, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Peter Goethals
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Building F, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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6
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De Troyer N, Bruneel S, Lock K, Greener MS, Facq E, Deknock A, Martel A, Pasmans F, Goethals P. Ratio-dependent functional response of two common Cladocera present in farmland ponds to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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7
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Deknock A, Pasmans F, van Leeuwenberg R, Van Praet S, Bruneel S, Lens L, Croubels S, Martel A, Goethals P. Alternative food sources interfere with removal of a fungal amphibian pathogen by zooplankton. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Deknock
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Robby van Leeuwenberg
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Sarah Van Praet
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Stijn Bruneel
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Luc Lens
- Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and Biochemistry Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Peter Goethals
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium
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8
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Fisher MC, Pasmans F, Martel A. Virulence and Pathogenicity of Chytrid Fungi Causing Amphibian Extinctions. Annu Rev Microbiol 2021; 75:673-693. [PMID: 34351790 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-052621-124212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ancient enzootic associations between wildlife and their infections allow evolution to innovate mechanisms of pathogenicity that are counterbalanced by host responses. However, erosion of barriers to pathogen dispersal by globalization leads to the infection of hosts that have not evolved effective resistance and the emergence of highly virulent infections. Global amphibian declines driven by the rise of chytrid fungi and chytridiomycosis are emblematic of emerging infections. Here, we review how modern biological methods have been used to understand the adaptations and counteradaptations that these fungi and their amphibian hosts have evolved. We explore the interplay of biotic and abiotic factors that modify the virulence of these infections and dissect the complexity of this disease system. We highlight progress that has led to insights into how we might in the future lessen the impact of these emerging infections. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 75 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Fisher
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom;
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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9
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Towards a food web based control strategy to mitigate an amphibian panzootic in agricultural landscapes. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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10
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Verbrugghe E, Van Rooij P, Favoreel H, Martel A, Pasmans F. In vitro modeling of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection of the amphibian skin. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225224. [PMID: 31725762 PMCID: PMC6855447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The largest current disease-induced loss of vertebrate biodiversity is due to chytridiomycosis and despite the increasing understanding of the pathogenesis, knowledge unravelling the early host-pathogen interactions remains limited. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) zoospores attach to and invade the amphibian epidermis, with subsequent invasive growth in the host skin. Availability of an in vitro assay would facilitate in depth study of this interaction while reducing the number of experimental animals needed. We describe a fluorescent cell-based in vitro infection model that reproduces host-Bd interactions. Using primary keratinocytes from Litoria caerulea and the epithelial cell line A6 from Xenopus laevis, we reproduced different stages of host cell infection and intracellular growth of Bd, resulting in host cell death, a key event in chytridiomycosis. The presented in vitro models may facilitate future mechanistic studies of host susceptibility and pathogen virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Verbrugghe
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Pascale Van Rooij
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Herman Favoreel
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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11
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Greenspan SE, Lyra ML, Migliorini GH, Kersch-Becker MF, Bletz MC, Lisboa CS, Pontes MR, Ribeiro LP, Neely WJ, Rezende F, Romero GQ, Woodhams DC, Haddad CFB, Toledo LF, Becker CG. Arthropod-bacteria interactions influence assembly of aquatic host microbiome and pathogen defense. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190924. [PMID: 31238845 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The host-associated microbiome is vital to host immunity and pathogen defense. In aquatic ecosystems, organisms may interact with environmental bacteria to influence the pool of potential symbionts, but the effects of these interactions on host microbiome assembly and pathogen resistance are unresolved. We used replicated bromeliad microecosystems to test for indirect effects of arthropod-bacteria interactions on host microbiome assembly and pathogen burden, using tadpoles and the fungal amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis as a model host-pathogen system. Arthropods influenced host microbiome assembly by altering the pool of environmental bacteria, with arthropod-bacteria interactions specifically reducing host colonization by transient bacteria and promoting antimicrobial components of aquatic bacterial communities. Arthropods also reduced fungal zoospores in the environment, but fungal infection burdens in tadpoles corresponded most closely with arthropod-mediated patterns in microbiome assembly. This result indicates that the cascading effects of arthropods on the maintenance of a protective host microbiome may be more strongly linked to host health than negative effects of arthropods on pools of pathogenic zoospores. Our work reveals tight links between healthy ecosystem dynamics and the functioning of host microbiomes, suggesting that ecosystem disturbances such as loss of arthropods may have downstream effects on host-associated microbial pathogen defenses and host fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha E Greenspan
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 , USA
| | - Mariana L Lyra
- 2 Department of Zoology and Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), Universidade Estadual Paulista , Rio Claro , SP 13506-900 , Brazil
| | - Gustavo H Migliorini
- 3 Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' , São José do Rio Preto SP 15054-000 , Brazil
| | - Mônica F Kersch-Becker
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 , USA
| | - Molly C Bletz
- 4 Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston , Boston, MA 02125 , USA
| | | | - Mariana R Pontes
- 6 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas, SP 13083-862 , Brazil.,8 Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas, SP 13083-862 , Brazil
| | - Luisa P Ribeiro
- 6 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas, SP 13083-862 , Brazil.,8 Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas, SP 13083-862 , Brazil
| | - Wesley J Neely
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 , USA
| | - Felipe Rezende
- 6 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas, SP 13083-862 , Brazil
| | - Gustavo Q Romero
- 7 Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas SP 13083-862 , Brazil
| | - Douglas C Woodhams
- 4 Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston , Boston, MA 02125 , USA
| | - Célio F B Haddad
- 2 Department of Zoology and Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), Universidade Estadual Paulista , Rio Claro , SP 13506-900 , Brazil
| | - Luís Felipe Toledo
- 8 Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas, SP 13083-862 , Brazil
| | - C Guilherme Becker
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 , USA
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12
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Ladino G, Ospina‐Bautista F, Estévez Varón J, Jerabkova L, Kratina P. Ecosystem services provided by bromeliad plants: A systematic review. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:7360-7372. [PMID: 31380056 PMCID: PMC6662323 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented loss of biological diversity has negative impacts on ecosystems and the associated benefits which they provide to humans. Bromeliads have high diversity throughout the Neotropics, but they have been negatively affected by habitat loss and fragmentation, climate change, invasive species, and commercialization for ornamental purpose. These plants provide direct benefits to the human society, and they also form microecosystems in which accumulated water and nutrients support the communities of aquatic and terrestrial species, thus maintaining local diversity. We performed a systematic review of the contribution of bromeliads to ecosystem services across their native geographical distribution. We showed that bromeliads provide a range of ecosystem services such as maintenance of biodiversity, community structure, nutrient cycling, and the provisioning of food and water. Moreover, bromeliads can regulate the spread of diseases, and water and carbon cycling, and they have the potential to become important sources of chemical and pharmaceutical products. The majority of this research was performed in Brazil, but future research from other Neotropical countries with a high diversity of bromeliads would fill the current knowledge gaps and increase the generality of these findings. This systematic review identified that future research should focus on provisioning, regulating, and cultural services that have been currently overlooked. This would enhance our understanding of how bromeliad diversity contributes to human welfare, and the negative consequences that loss of bromeliad plants can have on communities of other species and the healthy functioning of the entire ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Ladino
- Departamento de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad de CaldasManizalesColombia
| | | | | | | | - Pavel Kratina
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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Kärvemo S, Meurling S, Berger D, Höglund J, Laurila A. Effects of host species and environmental factors on the prevalence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in northern Europe. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199852. [PMID: 30359384 PMCID: PMC6201871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) poses a major threat to amphibian populations. To assist efforts to address such threats, we examined differences in Bd host infection prevalence among amphibian species and its relations to both local environmental factors in breeding habitats and landscape variables measured at three scales (500, 2000 and 5000 m radii) around breeding sites in southernmost Sweden. We sampled 947 anurans of six species in 31 ponds and assessed their infection status. We then examined correlations of infection prevalence with canopy cover, pond perimeter and pH (treated as local-scale pond characteristics), and the number of ponds, area of arable land, area of mature forest, number of resident people and presence of sea within the three radii (treated as landscape variables). The Bd infection prevalence was very low, 0.5–1.0%, in two of the six anuran species (Bufo bufo and Rana temporaria), and substantially higher (13–64%) in the other four (Bombina bombina, Bufotes variabilis, Epidalea calamita, Rana arvalis). In the latter four species Bd infection prevalence was positively associated with ponds’ pH (site range: 5.3–8.1), and negatively associated with areas of mature forest and/or wetlands in the surroundings. Our results show that the infection dynamics of Bd are complex and associated with host species, local pond characteristics and several landscape variables at larger spatial scales. Knowledge of environmental factors associated with Bd infections and differences in species’ susceptibility may help to counter further spread of the disease and guide conservation action plans, especially for the most threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kärvemo
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Sara Meurling
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Berger
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jacob Höglund
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anssi Laurila
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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