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Zhang X, Landsness EC, Miao H, Chen W, Tang MJ, Brier LM, Culver JP, Lee JM, Anastasio MA. Attention-based CNN-BiLSTM for sleep state classification of spatiotemporal wide-field calcium imaging data. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 411:110250. [PMID: 39151658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wide-field calcium imaging (WFCI) with genetically encoded calcium indicators allows for spatiotemporal recordings of neuronal activity in mice. When applied to the study of sleep, WFCI data are manually scored into the sleep states of wakefulness, non-REM (NREM) and REM by use of adjunct EEG and EMG recordings. However, this process is time-consuming, invasive and often suffers from low inter- and intra-rater reliability. Therefore, an automated sleep state classification method that operates on spatiotemporal WFCI data is desired. NEW METHOD A hybrid network architecture consisting of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract spatial features of image frames and a bidirectional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM) with attention mechanism to identify temporal dependencies among different time points was proposed to classify WFCI data into states of wakefulness, NREM and REM sleep. RESULTS Sleep states were classified with an accuracy of 84 % and Cohen's κ of 0.64. Gradient-weighted class activation maps revealed that the frontal region of the cortex carries more importance when classifying WFCI data into NREM sleep while posterior area contributes most to the identification of wakefulness. The attention scores indicated that the proposed network focuses on short- and long-range temporal dependency in a state-specific manner. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD On a held out, repeated 3-hour WFCI recording, the CNN-BiLSTM achieved a κ of 0.67, comparable to a κ of 0.65 corresponding to the human EEG/EMG-based scoring. CONCLUSIONS The CNN-BiLSTM effectively classifies sleep states from spatiotemporal WFCI data and will enable broader application of WFCI in sleep research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Eric C Landsness
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hanyang Miao
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michelle J Tang
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lindsey M Brier
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Physics, Washington University School of Arts and Science, St. Louis, Mo 63130, USA
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Mark A Anastasio
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Bibineyshvili Y, Vajtay TJ, Salsabilian S, Fliss N, Suvarnakar A, Fang J, Teng S, Alder J, Najafizadeh L, Margolis DJ. Imaging the large-scale and cellular response to focal traumatic brain injury in mouse neocortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.590835. [PMID: 38712183 PMCID: PMC11071467 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.590835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects neural function at the local injury site and also at distant, connected brain areas. However, the real-time neural dynamics in response to injury and subsequent effects on sensory processing and behavior are not fully resolved, especially across a range of spatial scales. We used in vivo calcium imaging in awake, head-restrained male and female mice to measure large-scale and cellular resolution neuronal activation, respectively, in response to a mild/moderate TBI induced by focal controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury of the motor cortex (M1). Widefield imaging revealed an immediate CCI-induced activation at the injury site, followed by a massive slow wave of calcium signal activation that traveled across the majority of the dorsal cortex within approximately 30 s. Correspondingly, two-photon calcium imaging in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) found strong activation of neuropil and neuronal populations during the CCI-induced traveling wave. A depression of calcium signals followed the wave, during which we observed atypical activity of a sparse population of S1 neurons. Longitudinal imaging in the hours and days after CCI revealed increases in the area of whisker-evoked sensory maps at early time points, in parallel to decreases in cortical functional connectivity and behavioral measures. Neural and behavioral changes mostly recovered over hours to days in our M1-TBI model, with a more lasting decrease in the number of active S1 neurons. Our results in unanesthetized mice describe novel spatial and temporal neural adaptations that occur at cortical sites remote to a focal brain injury.
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Wang X, Padawer-Curry JA, Bice AR, Kim B, Rosenthal ZP, Lee JM, Goyal MS, Macauley SL, Bauer AQ. Spatiotemporal relationships between neuronal, metabolic, and hemodynamic signals in the awake and anesthetized mouse brain. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114723. [PMID: 39277861 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling (NVC) and neurometabolic coupling (NMC) provide the basis for functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography to map brain neurophysiology. While increases in neuronal activity are often accompanied by increases in blood oxygen delivery and oxidative metabolism, these observations are not the rule. This decoupling is important when interpreting brain network organization (e.g., resting-state functional connectivity [RSFC]) because it is unclear whether changes in NMC/NVC affect RSFC measures. We leverage wide-field optical imaging in Thy1-jRGECO1a mice to map cortical calcium activity in pyramidal neurons, flavoprotein autofluorescence (representing oxidative metabolism), and hemodynamic activity during wake and ketamine/xylazine anesthesia. Spontaneous dynamics of all contrasts exhibit patterns consistent with RSFC. NMC/NVC relative to excitatory activity varies over the cortex. Ketamine/xylazine profoundly alters NVC but not NMC. Compared to awake RSFC, ketamine/xylazine affects metabolic-based connectomes moreso than hemodynamic-based measures of RSFC. Anesthesia-related differences in NMC/NVC timing do not appreciably alter RSFC structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jonah A Padawer-Curry
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Imaging Sciences Program, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Annie R Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Byungchan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zachary P Rosenthal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Health System Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Manu S Goyal
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shannon L Macauley
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Adam Q Bauer
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Imaging Sciences Program, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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4
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Doran PR, Fomin-Thunemann N, Tang RP, Balog D, Zimmerman B, Kılıç K, Martin EA, Kura S, Fisher HP, Chabbott G, Herbert J, Rauscher BC, Jiang JX, Sakadzic S, Boas DA, Devor A, Chen IA, Thunemann M. Widefield in vivo imaging system with two fluorescence and two reflectance channels, a single sCMOS detector, and shielded illumination. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:034310. [PMID: 38881627 PMCID: PMC11177117 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.3.034310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Significance Widefield microscopy of the entire dorsal part of mouse cerebral cortex enables large-scale ("mesoscopic") imaging of different aspects of neuronal activity with spectrally compatible fluorescent indicators as well as hemodynamics via oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin absorption. Versatile and cost-effective imaging systems are needed for large-scale, color-multiplexed imaging of multiple fluorescent and intrinsic contrasts. Aim We aim to develop a system for mesoscopic imaging of two fluorescent and two reflectance channels. Approach Excitation of red and green fluorescence is achieved through epi-illumination. Hemoglobin absorption imaging is achieved using 525- and 625-nm light-emitting diodes positioned around the objective lens. An aluminum hemisphere placed between objective and cranial window provides diffuse illumination of the brain. Signals are recorded sequentially by a single sCMOS detector. Results We demonstrate the performance of our imaging system by recording large-scale spontaneous and stimulus-evoked neuronal, cholinergic, and hemodynamic activity in awake, head-fixed mice with a curved "crystal skull" window expressing the red calcium indicator jRGECO1a and the green acetylcholine sensorGRAB ACh 3.0 . Shielding of illumination light through the aluminum hemisphere enables concurrent recording of pupil diameter changes. Conclusions Our widefield microscope design with a single camera can be used to acquire multiple aspects of brain physiology and is compatible with behavioral readouts of pupil diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R. Doran
- Boston University, Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Natalie Fomin-Thunemann
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Rockwell P. Tang
- Boston University, Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Dora Balog
- Boston University, Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Bernhard Zimmerman
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kıvılcım Kılıç
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Emily A. Martin
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sreekanth Kura
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Harrison P. Fisher
- Boston University, Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Grace Chabbott
- Boston University, Undergraduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Joel Herbert
- Boston University, Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Bradley C. Rauscher
- Boston University, Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - John X. Jiang
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sava Sakadzic
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - David A. Boas
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Anna Devor
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ichun Anderson Chen
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Martin Thunemann
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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5
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Chen S, Rahn RM, Bice AR, Bice SH, Padawer-Curry JA, Hengen KB, Dougherty JD, Culver JP. Visual Deprivation during Mouse Critical Period Reorganizes Network-Level Functional Connectivity. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1019232024. [PMID: 38538145 PMCID: PMC11079959 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1019-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A classic example of experience-dependent plasticity is ocular dominance (OD) shift, in which the responsiveness of neurons in the visual cortex is profoundly altered following monocular deprivation (MD). It has been postulated that OD shifts also modify global neural networks, but such effects have never been demonstrated. Here, we use wide-field fluorescence optical imaging (WFOI) to characterize calcium-based resting-state functional connectivity during acute (3 d) MD in female and male mice with genetically encoded calcium indicators (Thy1-GCaMP6f). We first establish the fundamental performance of WFOI by computing signal to noise properties throughout our data processing pipeline. Following MD, we found that Δ band (0.4-4 Hz) GCaMP6 activity in the deprived visual cortex decreased, suggesting that excitatory activity in this region was reduced by MD. In addition, interhemispheric visual homotopic functional connectivity decreased following MD, which was accompanied by a reduction in parietal and motor homotopic connectivity. Finally, we observed enhanced internetwork connectivity between the visual and parietal cortex that peaked 2 d after MD. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that early MD induces dynamic reorganization of disparate functional networks including the association cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Rachel M Rahn
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Annie R Bice
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Seana H Bice
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Jonah A Padawer-Curry
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Keith B Hengen
- Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Joseph D Dougherty
- Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Physics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Imaging Science PhD Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Biophotonics Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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6
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Doran PR, Fomin-Thunemann N, Tang RP, Balog D, Zimmerman B, Kilic K, Martin EA, Kura S, Fisher HP, Chabbott G, Herbert J, Rauscher BC, Jiang JX, Sakadzic S, Boas DA, Devor A, Chen IA, Thunemann M. Widefield in vivo imaging system with two fluorescence and two reflectance channels, a single sCMOS detector, and shielded illumination. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.07.566086. [PMID: 37986755 PMCID: PMC10659277 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.566086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Widefield microscopy of the entire dorsal part of mouse cerebral cortex enables large-scale (mesoscopic) imaging of neuronal activity with fluorescent indicators as well as hemodynamics via oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin absorption. Versatile and cost-effective imaging systems are needed for large-scale, color-multiplexed imaging of multiple fluorescent and intrinsic contrasts. AIM Develop a system for mesoscopic imaging of two fluorescent and two reflectance channels. APPROACH Excitation of red and green fluorescence is achieved through epi-illumination. Hemoglobin absorption imaging is achieved using 525- and 625nm LEDs positioned around the objective lens. An aluminum hemisphere placed between objective and cranial window provides diffuse illumination of the brain. Signals are recorded sequentially by a single sCMOS detector. RESULTS We demonstrate performance of our imaging system by recording large-scale spontaneous and stimulus-evoked neuronal, cholinergic, and hemodynamic activity in awake head-fixed mice with a curved crystal skull window expressing the red calcium indicator jRGECO1a and the green acetylcholine sensor GRABACh3.0 . Shielding of illumination light through the aluminum hemisphere enables concurrent recording of pupil diameter changes. CONCLUSIONS Our widefield microscope design with single camera can be used to acquire multiple aspects of brain physiology and is compatible with behavioral readouts of pupil diameter.
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7
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Seitzman BA, Reynoso FJ, Mitchell TJ, Bice AR, Jarang A, Wang X, Mpoy C, Strong L, Rogers BE, Yuede CM, Rubin JB, Perkins SM, Bauer AQ. Functional network disorganization and cognitive decline following fractionated whole-brain radiation in mice. GeroScience 2024; 46:543-562. [PMID: 37749370 PMCID: PMC10828348 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00944-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction following radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most common complications associated with RT delivered to the brain, but the precise mechanisms behind this dysfunction are not well understood, and to date, there are no preventative measures or effective treatments. To improve patient outcomes, a better understanding of the effects of radiation on the brain's functional systems is required. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has shown promise in this regard, however, compared to neural activity, hemodynamic measures of brain function are slow and indirect. Understanding how RT acutely and chronically affects functional brain organization requires more direct examination of temporally evolving neural dynamics as they relate to cerebral hemodynamics for bridging with human studies. In order to adequately study the underlying mechanisms of RT-induced cognitive dysfunction, the development of clinically mimetic RT protocols in animal models is needed. To address these challenges, we developed a fractionated whole-brain RT protocol (3Gy/day for 10 days) and applied longitudinal wide field optical imaging (WFOI) of neural and hemodynamic brain activity at 1, 2, and 3 months post RT. At each time point, mice were subject to repeated behavioral testing across a variety of sensorimotor and cognitive domains. Disruptions in cortical neuronal and hemodynamic activity observed 1 month post RT were significantly worsened by 3 months. While broad changes were observed in functional brain organization post RT, brain regions most impacted by RT occurred within those overlapping with the mouse default mode network and other association areas similar to prior reports in human subjects. Further, significant cognitive deficits were observed following tests of novel object investigation and responses to auditory and contextual cues after fear conditioning. Our results fill a much-needed gap in understanding the effects of whole-brain RT on systems level brain organization and how RT affects neuronal versus hemodynamic signaling in the cortex. Having established a clinically-relevant injury model, future studies can examine therapeutic interventions designed to reduce neuroinflammation-based injury following RT. Given the overlap of sequelae that occur following RT with and without chemotherapy, these tools can also be easily incorporated to examine chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Seitzman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 4921 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8224, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Francisco J Reynoso
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 4921 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8224, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Timothy J Mitchell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 4921 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8224, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Annie R Bice
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8225, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anmol Jarang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8225, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8225, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cedric Mpoy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 4921 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8224, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lori Strong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 4921 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8224, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Buck E Rogers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 4921 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8224, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Carla M Yuede
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephanie M Perkins
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 4921 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8224, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Adam Q Bauer
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8225, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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8
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Vafaii H, Mandino F, Desrosiers-Grégoire G, O'Connor D, Markicevic M, Shen X, Ge X, Herman P, Hyder F, Papademetris X, Chakravarty M, Crair MC, Constable RT, Lake EMR, Pessoa L. Multimodal measures of spontaneous brain activity reveal both common and divergent patterns of cortical functional organization. Nat Commun 2024; 15:229. [PMID: 38172111 PMCID: PMC10764905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Large-scale functional networks have been characterized in both rodent and human brains, typically by analyzing fMRI-BOLD signals. However, the relationship between fMRI-BOLD and underlying neural activity is complex and incompletely understood, which poses challenges to interpreting network organization obtained using this technique. Additionally, most work has assumed a disjoint functional network organization (i.e., brain regions belong to one and only one network). Here, we employ wide-field Ca2+ imaging simultaneously with fMRI-BOLD in mice expressing GCaMP6f in excitatory neurons. We determine cortical networks discovered by each modality using a mixed-membership algorithm to test the hypothesis that functional networks exhibit overlapping organization. We find that there is considerable network overlap (both modalities) in addition to disjoint organization. Our results show that multiple BOLD networks are detected via Ca2+ signals, and networks determined by low-frequency Ca2+ signals are only modestly more similar to BOLD networks. In addition, the principal gradient of functional connectivity is nearly identical for BOLD and Ca2+ signals. Despite similarities, important differences are also detected across modalities, such as in measures of functional connectivity strength and diversity. In conclusion, Ca2+ imaging uncovers overlapping functional cortical organization in the mouse that reflects several, but not all, properties observed with fMRI-BOLD signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Vafaii
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Francesca Mandino
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Gabriel Desrosiers-Grégoire
- Computional Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - David O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Marija Markicevic
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Xilin Shen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Xinxin Ge
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Peter Herman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Xenophon Papademetris
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Section of Biomedical Informatics & Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Mallar Chakravarty
- Computional Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Michael C Crair
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - R Todd Constable
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Evelyn M R Lake
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Luiz Pessoa
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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9
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Chen S, Rahn RM, Bice AR, Bice SH, Padawer-Curry JA, Hengen KB, Dougherty JD, Culver JP. Visual deprivation during mouse critical period reorganizes network-level functional connectivity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.30.542957. [PMID: 37398380 PMCID: PMC10312598 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.30.542957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A classic example of experience-dependent plasticity is ocular dominance (OD) shift, in which the responsiveness of neurons in the visual cortex is profoundly altered following monocular deprivation (MD). It has been postulated that OD shifts also modify global neural networks, but such effects have never been demonstrated. Here, we used longitudinal wide-field optical calcium imaging to measure resting-state functional connectivity during acute (3-day) MD in mice. First, delta GCaMP6 power in the deprived visual cortex decreased, suggesting that excitatory activity was reduced in the region. In parallel, interhemispheric visual homotopic functional connectivity was rapidly reduced by the disruption of visual drive through MD and was sustained significantly below baseline state. This reduction of visual homotopic connectivity was accompanied by a reduction in parietal and motor homotopic connectivity. Finally, we observed enhanced internetwork connectivity between visual and parietal cortex that peaked at MD2. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that early MD induces dynamic reorganization of disparate functional networks including association cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rachel M. Rahn
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Annie R. Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Seana H. Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jonah A. Padawer-Curry
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Keith B. Hengen
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Joseph D. Dougherty
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Joseph P. Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Physics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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10
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Ao Y, Yang C, Drewes J, Jiang M, Huang L, Jing X, Northoff G, Wang Y. Spatiotemporal dedifferentiation of the global brain signal topography along the adult lifespan. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:5906-5918. [PMID: 37800366 PMCID: PMC10619384 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related variations in many regions and/or networks of the human brain have been uncovered using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. However, these findings did not account for the dynamical effect the brain's global activity (global signal [GS]) causes on local characteristics, which is measured by GS topography. To address this gap, we tested GS topography including its correlation with age using a large-scale cross-sectional adult lifespan dataset (n = 492). Both GS topography and its variation with age showed frequency-specific patterns, reflecting the spatiotemporal characteristics of the dynamic change of GS topography with age. A general trend toward dedifferentiation of GS topography with age was observed in both spatial (i.e., less differences of GS between different regions) and temporal (i.e., less differences of GS between different frequencies) dimensions. Further, methodological control analyses suggested that although most age-related dedifferentiation effects remained across different preprocessing strategies, some were triggered by neuro-vascular coupling and physiological noises. Together, these results provide the first evidence for age-related effects on global brain activity and its topographic-dynamic representation in terms of spatiotemporal dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Ao
- Institute of Brain and Psychological SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Chengxiao Yang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jan Drewes
- Institute of Brain and Psychological SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Muliang Jiang
- First Affiliated HospitalGuangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Lihui Huang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiujuan Jing
- Institute of Brain and Psychological SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Georg Northoff
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
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11
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Mueller SM, McFarland White K, Fass SB, Chen S, Shi Z, Ge X, Engelbach JA, Gaines SH, Bice AR, Vasek MJ, Garbow JR, Culver JP, Martinez-Lozada Z, Cohen-Salmon M, Dougherty JD, Sapkota D. Evaluation of gliovascular functions of AQP4 readthrough isoforms. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1272391. [PMID: 38077948 PMCID: PMC10701521 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1272391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a water channel protein that links the astrocytic endfeet to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and regulates water and potassium homeostasis in the brain, as well as the glymphatic clearance of waste products that would otherwise potentiate neurological diseases. Recently, translational readthrough was shown to generate a C-terminally extended variant of AQP4, known as AQP4x, which preferentially localizes around the BBB through interaction with the scaffolding protein α-syntrophin, and loss of AQP4x disrupts waste clearance from the brain. To investigate the function of AQP4x, we generated a novel AQP4 mouse line (AllX) to increase relative levels of the readthrough variant above the ~15% of AQP4 in the brain of wild-type (WT) mice. We validated the line and assessed characteristics that are affected by the presence of AQP4x, including AQP4 and α-syntrophin localization, integrity of the BBB, and neurovascular coupling. We compared AllXHom and AllXHet mice to WT and to previously characterized AQP4 NoXHet and NoXHom mice, which cannot produce AQP4x. An increased dose of AQP4x enhanced perivascular localization of α-syntrophin and AQP4, while total protein expression of the two was unchanged. However, at 100% readthrough, AQP4x localization and the formation of higher order complexes were disrupted. Electron microscopy showed that overall blood vessel morphology was unchanged except for an increased proportion of endothelial cells with budding vesicles in NoXHom mice, which may correspond to a leakier BBB or altered efflux that was identified in NoX mice using MRI. These data demonstrate that AQP4x plays a small but measurable role in maintaining BBB integrity as well as recruiting structural and functional support proteins to the blood vessel. This also establishes a new set of genetic tools for quantitatively modulating AQP4x levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayna M. Mueller
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kelli McFarland White
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Stuart B. Fass
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Zhan Shi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Xia Ge
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - John A. Engelbach
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Seana H. Gaines
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Annie R. Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Michael J. Vasek
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Joel R. Garbow
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Joseph P. Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Imaging Science PhD Program, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Zila Martinez-Lozada
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Martine Cohen-Salmon
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, The National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Joseph D. Dougherty
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Darshan Sapkota
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
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12
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Boissonnet T, Tripodi M, Asari H. Awake responses suggest inefficient dense coding in the mouse retina. eLife 2023; 12:e78005. [PMID: 37922200 PMCID: PMC10624425 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure and function of the vertebrate retina have been extensively studied across species with an isolated, ex vivo preparation. Retinal function in vivo, however, remains elusive, especially in awake animals. Here, we performed single-unit extracellular recordings in the optic tract of head-fixed mice to compare the output of awake, anesthetized, and ex vivo retinas. While the visual response properties were overall similar across conditions, we found that awake retinal output had in general (1) faster kinetics with less variability in the response latencies; (2) a larger dynamic range; and (3) higher firing activity, by ~20 Hz on average, for both baseline and visually evoked responses. Our modeling analyses further showed that such awake response patterns convey comparable total information but less efficiently, and allow for a linear population decoder to perform significantly better than the anesthetized or ex vivo responses. These results highlight distinct retinal behavior in awake states, in particular suggesting that the retina employs dense coding in vivo, rather than sparse efficient coding as has been often assumed from ex vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Boissonnet
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, EMBL Rome, European Molecular Biology LaboratoryMonterotondoItaly
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des NeurosciencesLa TroncheFrance
| | - Matteo Tripodi
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, EMBL Rome, European Molecular Biology LaboratoryMonterotondoItaly
| | - Hiroki Asari
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, EMBL Rome, European Molecular Biology LaboratoryMonterotondoItaly
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13
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James S, Sanggaard S, Akif A, Mishra SK, Sanganahalli BG, Blumenfeld H, Verhagen JV, Hyder F, Herman P. Spatiotemporal features of neurovascular (un)coupling with stimulus-induced activity and hypercapnia challenge in cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1891-1904. [PMID: 37340791 PMCID: PMC10676132 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231183887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is traditionally considered as metabolic waste, yet its regulation is critical for brain function. It is well accepted that hypercapnia initiates vasodilation, but its effect on neuronal activity is less clear. Distinguishing how stimulus- and CO2-induced vasodilatory responses are (dis)associated with neuronal activity has profound clinical and experimental relevance. We used an optical method in mice to simultaneously image fluorescent calcium (Ca2+) transients from neurons and reflectometric hemodynamic signals during brief sensory stimuli (i.e., hindpaw, odor) and CO2 exposure (i.e., 5%). Stimuli-induced neuronal and hemodynamic responses swiftly increased within locally activated regions exhibiting robust neurovascular coupling. However, hypercapnia produced slower global vasodilation which was temporally uncoupled to neuronal deactivation. With trends consistent across cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb as well as data from GCaMP6f/jRGECO1a mice (i.e., green/red Ca2+ fluorescence), these results unequivocally reveal that stimuli and CO2 generate comparable vasodilatory responses but contrasting neuronal responses. In summary, observations of stimuli-induced regional neurovascular coupling and CO2-induced global neurovascular uncoupling call for careful appraisal when using CO2 in gas mixtures to affect vascular tone and/or neuronal excitability, because CO2 is both a potent vasomodulator and a neuromodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun James
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Simon Sanggaard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Adil Akif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sandeep K Mishra
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Hal Blumenfeld
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Justus V Verhagen
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter Herman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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14
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Guillamón-Vivancos T, Vandael D, Torres D, López-Bendito G, Martini FJ. Mesoscale calcium imaging in vivo: evolution and contribution to developmental neuroscience. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1210199. [PMID: 37592948 PMCID: PMC10427507 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1210199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium imaging is commonly used to visualize neural activity in vivo. In particular, mesoscale calcium imaging provides large fields of view, allowing for the simultaneous interrogation of neuron ensembles across the neuraxis. In the field of Developmental Neuroscience, mesoscopic imaging has recently yielded intriguing results that have shed new light on the ontogenesis of neural circuits from the first stages of life. We summarize here the technical approaches, basic notions for data analysis and the main findings provided by this technique in the last few years, with a focus on brain development in mouse models. As new tools develop to optimize calcium imaging in vivo, basic principles of neural development should be revised from a mesoscale perspective, that is, taking into account widespread activation of neuronal ensembles across the brain. In the future, combining mesoscale imaging of the dorsal surface of the brain with imaging of deep structures would ensure a more complete understanding of the construction of circuits. Moreover, the combination of mesoscale calcium imaging with other tools, like electrophysiology or high-resolution microscopy, will make up for the spatial and temporal limitations of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Guillamón-Vivancos
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMH-CSIC), Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Francisco J. Martini
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMH-CSIC), Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain
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15
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Mueller SM, White KM, Fass SB, Chen S, Shi Z, Ge X, Engelbach JA, Gaines SH, Bice AR, Vasek MJ, Garbow JR, Culver JP, Zila Martinez-Lozada, Cohen-Salmon M, Dougherty JD, Sapkota D. Evaluation of gliovascular functions of Aqp4 readthrough isoforms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.21.549379. [PMID: 37546949 PMCID: PMC10401933 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.21.549379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a water channel protein that links astrocytic endfeet to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and regulates water and potassium homeostasis in the brain, as well as the glymphatic clearance of waste products that would otherwise potentiate neurological diseases. Recently, translational readthrough was shown to generate a C-terminally extended variant of AQP4, known as AQP4x, that preferentially localizes around the BBB through interaction with the scaffolding protein α-syntrophin, and loss of AQP4x disrupts waste clearance from the brain. To investigate the function of AQP4x, we generated a novel mouse AQP4 line (AllX) to increase relative levels of the readthrough variant above the ~15% of AQP4 in the brain of wildtype (WT) mice. We validated the line and assessed characteristics that are affected by the presence of AQP4x, including AQP4 and α-syntrophin localization, integrity of the BBB, and neurovascular coupling. We compared AllXHom and AllXHet mice to wildtype, and to previously characterized AQP4 NoXHet and NoXHom mice, which cannot produce AQP4x. Increased dose of AQP4x enhanced perivascular localization of α-syntrophin and AQP4, while total protein expression of the two were unchanged. However, at 100% readthrough, AQP4x localization and formation of higher-order complexes was disrupted. Electron microscopy showed that overall blood vessel morphology was unchanged except for increased endothelial cell vesicles in NoXHom mice, which may correspond to a leakier BBB or altered efflux that was identified in NoX mice using MRI. These data demonstrate that AQP4x plays a small but measurable role in maintaining BBB integrity as well as recruiting structural and functional support proteins to the blood vessel. This also establishes a new set of genetic tools for quantitatively modulating AQP4x levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayna M. Mueller
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kelli McFarland White
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stuart B. Fass
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhan Shi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Xia Ge
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Intellectual and Development Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John A. Engelbach
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Intellectual and Development Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Seana H Gaines
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Annie R Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael J. Vasek
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joel R. Garbow
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Intellectual and Development Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph P. Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Imaging Science PhD Program, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zila Martinez-Lozada
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Martine Cohen-Salmon
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Joseph D. Dougherty
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Intellectual and Development Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Darshan Sapkota
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
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16
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Agner SC, Brier LM, Hill J, Liu E, Bice A, Rahn RM, Culver JP, Klein RS. Myeloid cell activation during Zika virus encephalitis predicts recovery of functional cortical connectivity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.06.547991. [PMID: 37461558 PMCID: PMC10350085 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.06.547991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurologic complications of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection across the lifespan have been described during outbreaks in Southeast Asia, South America, and Central America since 2016. In the adult CNS ZIKV tropism for neurons is tightly linked to its effects, with neuronal loss within the hippocampus during acute infection and protracted synapse loss during recovery, which is associated with cognitive deficits. The effects of ZIKV on cortical networks have not been evaluated. Although animal behavior assays have been used previously to model cognitive impairment, in vivo brain imaging can provide orthogonal information regarding the health of brain networks in real time, providing a tool to translate findings in animal models to humans. In this study, we use widefield optical imaging to measure cortical functional connectivity (FC) in mice during acute infection with, and recovery from, intracranial infection with a mouse-adapted strain of ZIKV. Acute ZIKV infection leads to high levels of myeloid cell activation, with loss of neurons and presynaptic termini in the cerebral cortex and associated loss of FC primarily within the somatosensory cortex. During recovery, neuron numbers, synapses and FC recover to levels near those of healthy mice. However, hippocampal injury and impaired spatial cognition persist. The magnitude of activated myeloid cells during acute infection predicted both recovery of synapses and the degree of FC recovery after recovery from ZIKV infection. These findings suggest that a robust inflammatory response may contribute to the health of functional brain networks after recovery from infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon C. Agner
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lindsey M. Brier
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeremy Hill
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ethan Liu
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Annie Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel M. Rahn
- Departments of Physics, Biomedical Engineering, and Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph P. Culver
- Departments of Physics, Biomedical Engineering, and Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robyn S. Klein
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology & Immunology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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17
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Rahn RM, Yen A, Chen S, Gaines SH, Bice AR, Brier LM, Swift RG, Lee L, Maloney SE, Culver JP, Dougherty JD. Mecp2 deletion results in profound alterations of developmental and adult functional connectivity. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:7436-7453. [PMID: 36897048 PMCID: PMC10267622 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As a regressive neurodevelopmental disorder with a well-established genetic cause, Rett syndrome and its Mecp2 loss-of-function mouse model provide an excellent opportunity to define potentially translatable functional signatures of disease progression, as well as offer insight into the role of Mecp2 in functional circuit development. Thus, we applied widefield optical fluorescence imaging to assess mesoscale calcium functional connectivity (FC) in the Mecp2 cortex both at postnatal day (P)35 in development and during the disease-related decline. We found that FC between numerous cortical regions was disrupted in Mecp2 mutant males both in juvenile development and early adulthood. Female Mecp2 mice displayed an increase in homotopic contralateral FC in the motor cortex at P35 but not in adulthood, where instead more posterior parietal regions were implicated. An increase in the amplitude of connection strength, both with more positive correlations and more negative anticorrelations, was observed across the male cortex in numerous functional regions. Widespread rescue of MeCP2 protein in GABAergic neurons rescued none of these functional deficits, nor, surprisingly, the expected male lifespan. Altogether, the female results identify early signs of disease progression, while the results in males indicate MeCP2 protein is required for typical FC in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Rahn
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Allen Yen
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Seana H Gaines
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Annie R Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Lindsey M Brier
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Raylynn G Swift
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - LeiLani Lee
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Susan E Maloney
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Physics, Washington University School of Arts and Sciences, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Engineering, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Joseph D Dougherty
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
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18
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Vafaii H, Mandino F, Desrosiers-Grégoire G, O’Connor D, Shen X, Ge X, Herman P, Hyder F, Papademetris X, Chakravarty M, Crair MC, Constable RT, Lake EMR, Pessoa L. Multimodal measures of spontaneous brain activity reveal both common and divergent patterns of cortical functional organization. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2823802. [PMID: 37162818 PMCID: PMC10168440 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2823802/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale functional networks have been characterized in both rodent and human brains, typically by analyzing fMRI-BOLD signals. However, the relationship between fMRI-BOLD and underlying neural activity is complex and incompletely understood, which poses challenges to interpreting network organization obtained using this technique. Additionally, most work has assumed a disjoint functional network organization (i.e., brain regions belong to one and only one network). Here, we employed wide-field Ca2+ imaging simultaneously with fMRI-BOLD in mice expressing GCaMP6f in excitatory neurons. We determined cortical networks discovered by each modality using a mixed-membership algorithm to test the hypothesis that functional networks are overlapping rather than disjoint. Our results show that multiple BOLD networks are detected via Ca2+ signals; there is considerable network overlap (both modalities); networks determined by low-frequency Ca2+ signals are only modestly more similar to BOLD networks; and, despite similarities, important differences are detected across modalities (e.g., brain region "network diversity"). In conclusion, Ca2+ imaging uncovered overlapping functional cortical organization in the mouse that reflected several, but not all, properties observed with fMRI-BOLD signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Vafaii
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Francesca Mandino
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Gabriel Desrosiers-Grégoire
- Comp. Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health Univ. Institute, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - David O’Connor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Xilin Shen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Xinxin Ge
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Peter Herman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Xenophon Papademetris
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Mallar Chakravarty
- Comp. Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health Univ. Institute, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Michael C. Crair
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - R. Todd Constable
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Evelyn MR. Lake
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Luiz Pessoa
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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19
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Brier LM, Chen S, Sherafati A, Bice AR, Lee JM, Culver JP. Transient disruption of functional connectivity and depression of neural fluctuations in a mouse model of acute septic encephalopathy. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:3548-3561. [PMID: 35972424 PMCID: PMC10068285 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Septic encephalopathy leads to major and costly burdens for a large percentage of admitted hospital patients. Elderly patients are at an increased risk, especially those with dementia. Current treatments are aimed at sedation to combat mental status changes and are not aimed at the underlying cause of encephalopathy. Indeed, the underlying pathology linking together peripheral infection and altered neural function has not been established, largely because good, acutely accessible readouts of encephalopathy in animal models do not exist. Behavioral testing in animals lasts multiple days, outlasting the time frame of acute encephalopathy. Here, we propose optical fluorescent imaging of neural functional connectivity (FC) as a readout of encephalopathy in a mouse model of acute sepsis. Imaging and basic behavioral assessment were performed at baseline, Hr8, Hr24, and Hr72 following injection of either lipopolysaccharide or phosphate buffered saline. Neural FC strength decreased at Hr8 and returned to baseline by Hr72 in motor, somatosensory, parietal, and visual cortical regions. Additionally, neural fluctuations transiently declined at Hr8 and returned to baseline by Hr72. Both FC strength and fluctuation tone correlated with neuroscore indicating this imaging methodology is a sensitive and acute readout of encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Brier
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - S Chen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - A Sherafati
- Department of Physics, Washington University School of Arts and Science, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - A R Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - J M Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - J P Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Physics, Washington University School of Arts and Science, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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20
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Sunil S, Jiang J, Shah S, Kura S, Kilic K, Erdener SE, Ayata C, Devor A, Boas DA. Neurovascular coupling is preserved in chronic stroke recovery after targeted photothrombosis. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103377. [PMID: 36948140 PMCID: PMC10034641 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging, which measures hemodynamic responses to brain activity, has great potential for monitoring recovery in stroke patients and guiding rehabilitation during recovery. However, hemodynamic responses after stroke are almost always altered relative to responses in healthy subjects and it is still unclear if these alterations reflect the underlying brain physiology or if the alterations are purely due to vascular injury. In other words, we do not know the effect of stroke on neurovascular coupling and are therefore limited in our ability to use functional neuroimaging to accurately interpret stroke pathophysiology. To address this challenge, we simultaneously captured neural activity, through fluorescence calcium imaging, and hemodynamics, through intrinsic optical signal imaging, during longitudinal stroke recovery. Our data suggest that neurovascular coupling was preserved in the chronic phase of recovery (2 weeks and 4 weeks post-stoke) and resembled pre-stroke neurovascular coupling. This indicates that functional neuroimaging faithfully represents the underlying neural activity in chronic stroke. Further, neurovascular coupling in the sub-acute phase of stroke recovery was predictive of long-term behavioral outcomes. Stroke also resulted in increases in global brain oscillations, which showed distinct patterns between neural activity and hemodynamics. Increased neural excitability in the contralesional hemisphere was associated with increased contralesional intrahemispheric connectivity. Additionally, sub-acute increases in hemodynamic oscillations were associated with improved sensorimotor outcomes. Collectively, these results support the use of hemodynamic measures of brain activity post-stroke for predicting functional and behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrithi Sunil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - John Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shashwat Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sreekanth Kura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kivilcim Kilic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sefik Evren Erdener
- Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cenk Ayata
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anna Devor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David A Boas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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21
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Capone C, De Luca C, De Bonis G, Gutzen R, Bernava I, Pastorelli E, Simula F, Lupo C, Tonielli L, Resta F, Allegra Mascaro AL, Pavone F, Denker M, Paolucci PS. Simulations approaching data: cortical slow waves in inferred models of the whole hemisphere of mouse. Commun Biol 2023; 6:266. [PMID: 36914748 PMCID: PMC10011502 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of novel techniques to record wide-field brain activity enables estimation of data-driven models from thousands of recording channels and hence across large regions of cortex. These in turn improve our understanding of the modulation of brain states and the richness of traveling waves dynamics. Here, we infer data-driven models from high-resolution in-vivo recordings of mouse brain obtained from wide-field calcium imaging. We then assimilate experimental and simulated data through the characterization of the spatio-temporal features of cortical waves in experimental recordings. Inference is built in two steps: an inner loop that optimizes a mean-field model by likelihood maximization, and an outer loop that optimizes a periodic neuro-modulation via direct comparison of observables that characterize cortical slow waves. The model reproduces most of the features of the non-stationary and non-linear dynamics present in the high-resolution in-vivo recordings of the mouse brain. The proposed approach offers new methods of characterizing and understanding cortical waves for experimental and computational neuroscientists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara De Luca
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
- PhD Program in Behavioural Neuroscience, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Robin Gutzen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6) and JARA-Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships (INM-10), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
- Theoretical Systems Neurobiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Resta
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Anna Letizia Allegra Mascaro
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Pavone
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- University of Florence, Physics and Astronomy Department, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Michael Denker
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6) and JARA-Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships (INM-10), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
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22
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An optimized bioluminescent substrate for non-invasive imaging in the brain. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:731-739. [PMID: 36759751 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) allows non-invasive visualization of cells and biochemical events in vivo and thus has become an indispensable technique in biomedical research. However, BLI in the central nervous system remains challenging because luciferases show relatively poor performance in the brain with existing substrates. Here, we report the discovery of a NanoLuc substrate with improved brain performance, cephalofurimazine (CFz). CFz paired with Antares luciferase produces greater than 20-fold more signal from the brain than the standard combination of D-luciferin with firefly luciferase. At standard doses, Antares-CFz matches AkaLuc-AkaLumine/TokeOni in brightness, while occasional higher dosing of CFz can be performed to obtain threefold more signal. CFz should allow the growing number of NanoLuc-based indicators to be applied to the brain with high sensitivity. Using CFz, we achieve video-rate non-invasive imaging of Antares in brains of freely moving mice and demonstrate non-invasive calcium imaging of sensory-evoked activity in genetically defined neurons.
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23
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Brier LM, Culver JP. Open-source statistical and data processing tools for wide-field optical imaging data in mice. NEUROPHOTONICS 2023; 10:016601. [PMID: 36874217 PMCID: PMC9976616 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.1.016601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Significance Wide-field optical imaging (WOI) can produce concurrent hemodynamic and cell-specific calcium recordings across the entire cerebral cortex in animal models. There have been multiple studies using WOI to image mouse models with various environmental or genetic manipulations to understand various diseases. Despite the utility of pursuing mouse WOI alongside human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and the multitude of analysis toolboxes in the fMRI literature, there is not an available open-source, user-friendly data processing and statistical analysis toolbox for WOI data. Aim To assemble a MATLAB toolbox for processing WOI data, as described and adapted to combine techniques from multiple WOI groups and fMRI. Approach We outline our MATLAB toolbox on GitHub with multiple data analysis packages and translate a commonly used statistical approach from the fMRI literature to the WOI data. To illustrate the utility of our MATLAB toolbox, we demonstrate the ability of the processing and analysis framework to detect a well-established deficit in a mouse model of stroke and plot activation areas during an electrical paw stimulus experiment. Results Our processing toolbox and statistical methods isolate a somatosensory-based deficit 3 days following photothrombotic stroke and cleanly localize sensory stimulus activations. Conclusions The toolbox presented here details an open-source, user-friendly compilation of WOI processing tools with statistical methods to apply to any biological question investigated with WOI techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M. Brier
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Joseph P. Culver
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Washington University School of Arts and Science, Department of Physics, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Washington University School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Washington University School of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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24
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Niizawa T, Sakuraba R, Kusaka T, Kurihara Y, Sugashi T, Kawaguchi H, Kanno I, Masamoto K. Spatiotemporal analysis of blood plasma and blood cell flow fluctuations of cerebral microcirculation in anesthetized rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:138-152. [PMID: 36138557 PMCID: PMC9875347 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221125743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral hemodynamics fluctuates spontaneously over broad frequency ranges. However, its spatiotemporal coherence of flow oscillations in cerebral microcirculation remains incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to characterize the spatiotemporal fluctuations of red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma flow in the rat cerebral microcirculation by simultaneously imaging their dynamic behaviors. Comparisons of changes in cross-section diameters between RBC and plasma flow showed dissociations in penetrating arterioles. The results indicate that vasomotion has the least effect on the lateral movement of circulating RBCs, resulting in variable changes in plasma layer thickness. Parenchymal capillaries exhibited slow fluctuations in RBC velocity (0.1 to 0.3 Hz), regardless of capillary diameter fluctuations (<0.1 Hz). Temporal fluctuations and the velocity of RBCs decreased significantly at divergent capillary bifurcations. The results indicate that a transit of RBCs generates flow resistance in the capillaries and that slow velocity fluctuations of the RBCs are subject to a number of bifurcations. In conclusion, the high-frequency oscillation of the blood flow is filtered at the bifurcation through the capillary networks. Therefore, a number of bifurcations in the cerebral microcirculation may contribute to the power of low-frequency oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Niizawa
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, University of
Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ruka Sakuraba
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, University of
Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kusaka
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, University of
Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuika Kurihara
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, University of
Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Sugashi
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, University of
Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering,
University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawaguchi
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute,
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Iwao Kanno
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research,
National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuto Masamoto
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, University of
Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering,
University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research,
National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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25
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O'Connor D, Mandino F, Shen X, Horien C, Ge X, Herman P, Hyder F, Crair M, Papademetris X, Lake E, Constable RT. Functional network properties derived from wide-field calcium imaging differ with wakefulness and across cell type. Neuroimage 2022; 264:119735. [PMID: 36347441 PMCID: PMC9808917 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve 'bench-to-bedside' translation, it is integral that knowledge flows bidirectionally-from animal models to humans, and vice versa. This requires common analytical frameworks, as well as open software and data sharing practices. We share a new pipeline (and test dataset) for the preprocessing of wide-field optical fluorescence imaging data-an emerging mode applicable in animal models-as well as results from a functional connectivity and graph theory analysis inspired by recent work in the human neuroimaging field. The approach is demonstrated using a dataset comprised of two test-cases: (1) data from animals imaged during awake and anesthetized conditions with excitatory neurons labeled, and (2) data from awake animals with different genetically encoded fluorescent labels that target either excitatory neurons or inhibitory interneuron subtypes. Both seed-based connectivity and graph theory measures (global efficiency, transitivity, modularity, and characteristic path-length) are shown to be useful in quantifying differences between wakefulness states and cell populations. Wakefulness state and cell type show widespread effects on canonical network connectivity with variable frequency band dependence. Differences between excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons are observed, with somatostatin expressing inhibitory interneurons emerging as notably dissimilar from parvalbumin and vasoactive polypeptide expressing cells. In sum, we demonstrate that our pipeline can be used to examine brain state and cell-type differences in mesoscale imaging data, aiding translational neuroscience efforts. In line with open science practices, we freely release the pipeline and data to encourage other efforts in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - F Mandino
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - X Shen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - C Horien
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - X Ge
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - P Herman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - F Hyder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M Crair
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - X Papademetris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emr Lake
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - R T Constable
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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26
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Chen W, Zhang X, Miao H, Tang MJ, Anastasio M, Culver J, Lee JM, Landsness EC. Validation of Deep Learning-based Sleep State Classification. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2022; 2022:10.17912/micropub.biology.000643. [PMID: 36277479 PMCID: PMC9579869 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Deep learning methods have been developed to classify sleep states of mouse electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) recordings with accuracy reported as high as 97%. However, when applied to independent datasets, with a variety of experimental and recording conditions, sleep state classification accuracy often drops due to distributional shift. Mixture z-scoring, a pre-processing standardization of EEG/EMG signals, has been suggested to account for these variations. This study sought to validate mixture z-scoring in combination with a deep learning method on an independent dataset. The open-source software Accusleep, which implements mixture z-scoring in combination with deep learning via a convolutional neural network, was used to classify sleep states in 12, three-hour EEG/EMG recordings from mice sleeping in a head-fixed position. Mixture z-scoring with deep learning classified sleep states on two independent recordings with 85-92% accuracy and a Cohen's κ of 0.66-0.71. These results validate mixture z-scoring in combination with deep learning to classify sleep states with the potential for widespread use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hanyang Miao
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michelle J. Tang
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mark Anastasio
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joseph Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Physics, Washington University School of Arts and Sciences, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eric C. Landsness
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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27
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Chen Z, Zhou Q, Deán‐Ben XL, Gezginer I, Ni R, Reiss M, Shoham S, Razansky D. Multimodal Noninvasive Functional Neurophotonic Imaging of Murine Brain-Wide Sensory Responses. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105588. [PMID: 35798308 PMCID: PMC9404388 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Modern optical neuroimaging approaches are expanding the ability to elucidate complex brain function. Diverse imaging contrasts enable direct observation of neural activity with functional sensors along with the induced hemodynamic responses. To date, decoupling the complex interplay of neurovascular coupling and dynamical physiological states has remained challenging when employing single-modality functional neuroimaging readings. A hybrid fluorescence optoacoustic tomography platform combined with a custom data processing pipeline based on statistical parametric mapping is devised, attaining the first noninvasive observation of simultaneous calcium and hemodynamic activation patterns using optical contrasts. Correlated changes in the oxy- and deoxygenated hemoglobin, total hemoglobin, oxygen saturation, and rapid GCaMP6f fluorescence signals are observed in response to peripheral sensory stimulation. While the concurrent epifluorescence serves to corroborate and complement the functional optoacoustic observations, the latter further aids in decoupling the rapid calcium responses from the slowly varying background in the fluorescence recordings mediated by hemodynamic changes. The hybrid imaging platform expands the capabilities of conventional neuroimaging methods to provide more comprehensive functional readings for studying neurovascular and neurometabolic coupling mechanisms and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyue Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Quanyu Zhou
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Xosé Luís Deán‐Ben
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Irmak Gezginer
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Michael Reiss
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Shy Shoham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Tech4Health and Neuroscience InstitutesNYU Langone HealthNew York10016USA
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
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28
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Guilbert J, Légaré A, De Koninck P, Desrosiers P, Desjardins M. Toward an integrative neurovascular framework for studying brain networks. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:032211. [PMID: 35434179 PMCID: PMC8989057 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.3.032211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Brain functional connectivity based on the measure of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals has become one of the most widely used measurements in human neuroimaging. However, the nature of the functional networks revealed by BOLD fMRI can be ambiguous, as highlighted by a recent series of experiments that have suggested that typical resting-state networks can be replicated from purely vascular or physiologically driven BOLD signals. After going through a brief review of the key concepts of brain network analysis, we explore how the vascular and neuronal systems interact to give rise to the brain functional networks measured with BOLD fMRI. This leads us to emphasize a view of the vascular network not only as a confounding element in fMRI but also as a functionally relevant system that is entangled with the neuronal network. To study the vascular and neuronal underpinnings of BOLD functional connectivity, we consider a combination of methodological avenues based on multiscale and multimodal optical imaging in mice, used in combination with computational models that allow the integration of vascular information to explain functional connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Guilbert
- Université Laval, Department of Physics, Physical Engineering, and Optics, Québec, Canada
- Université Laval, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Antoine Légaré
- Université Laval, Department of Physics, Physical Engineering, and Optics, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Québec, Canada
- Université Laval, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Bioinformatics, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul De Koninck
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Québec, Canada
- Université Laval, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Bioinformatics, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Desrosiers
- Université Laval, Department of Physics, Physical Engineering, and Optics, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Québec, Canada
| | - Michèle Desjardins
- Université Laval, Department of Physics, Physical Engineering, and Optics, Québec, Canada
- Université Laval, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
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29
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Clarke JV, Brier LM, Rahn RM, Diwan D, Yuan JY, Bice AR, Imai SI, Vellimana AK, Culver JP, Zipfel GJ. SIRT1 mediates hypoxic postconditioning- and resveratrol-induced protection against functional connectivity deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1210-1223. [PMID: 35137611 PMCID: PMC9207494 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221079902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Functional connectivity (FC) is a sensitive metric that provides a readout of whole cortex coordinate neural activity in a mouse model. We examine the impact of experimental SAH modeled through endovascular perforation, and the effectiveness of subsequent treatment on FC, through three key questions: 1) Does the endovascular perforation model of SAH induce deficits in FC; 2) Does exposure to hypoxic conditioning provide protection against these FC deficits and, if so, is this neurovascular protection SIRT1-mediated; and 3) does treatment with the SIRT1 activator resveratrol alone provide protection against these FC deficits? Cranial windows were adhered on skull-intact mice that were then subjected to either sham or SAH surgery and either left untreated or treated with hypoxic post-conditioning (with or without EX527) or resveratrol for 3 days. Mice were imaged 3 days post-SAH/sham surgery, temporally aligned with the onset of major SAH sequela in mice. Here we show that the endovascular perforation model of SAH induces global and network-specific deficits in FC by day 3, corresponding with the time frame of DCI in mice. Hypoxic conditioning provides SIRT1-mediated protection against these network-specific FC deficits post-SAH, as does treatment with resveratrol. Conditioning-based strategies provide multifaceted neurovascular protection in experimental SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian V Clarke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Lindsey M Brier
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Rachel M Rahn
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Deepti Diwan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Jane Y Yuan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Annie R Bice
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Shin-ichiro Imai
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Ananth K Vellimana
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Gregory J Zipfel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
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30
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Bice AR, Xiao Q, Kong J, Yan P, Rosenthal ZP, Kraft AW, Smith KP, Wieloch T, Lee JM, Culver JP, Bauer AQ. Homotopic contralesional excitation suppresses spontaneous circuit repair and global network reconnections following ischemic stroke. eLife 2022; 11:e68852. [PMID: 35723585 PMCID: PMC9333991 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding circuit-level manipulations that affect the brain's capacity for plasticity will inform the design of targeted interventions that enhance recovery after stroke. Following stroke, increased contralesional activity (e.g. use of the unaffected limb) can negatively influence recovery, but it is unknown which specific neural connections exert this influence, and to what extent increased contralesional activity affects systems- and molecular-level biomarkers of recovery. Here, we combine optogenetic photostimulation with optical intrinsic signal imaging to examine how contralesional excitatory activity affects cortical remodeling after stroke in mice. Following photothrombosis of left primary somatosensory forepaw (S1FP) cortex, mice either recovered spontaneously or received chronic optogenetic excitation of right S1FP over the course of 4 weeks. Contralesional excitation suppressed perilesional S1FP remapping and was associated with abnormal patterns of stimulus-evoked activity in the unaffected limb. This maneuver also prevented the restoration of resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) within the S1FP network, RSFC in several networks functionally distinct from somatomotor regions, and resulted in persistent limb-use asymmetry. In stimulated mice, perilesional tissue exhibited transcriptional changes in several genes relevant for recovery. Our results suggest that contralesional excitation impedes local and global circuit reconnection through suppression of cortical activity and several neuroplasticity-related genes after stroke, and highlight the importance of site selection for targeted therapeutic interventions after focal ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie R Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisUnited States
| | - Qingli Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisUnited States
| | - Justin Kong
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisUnited States
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisUnited States
| | | | - Andrew W Kraft
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisUnited States
| | - Karen P Smith
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisUnited States
| | | | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisUnited States
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Adam Q Bauer
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisUnited States
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31
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Albertson AJ, Landsness EC, Tang MJ, Yan P, Miao H, Rosenthal ZP, Kim B, Culver JC, Bauer AQ, Lee JM. Normal aging in mice is associated with a global reduction in cortical spectral power and network-specific declines in functional connectivity. Neuroimage 2022; 257:119287. [PMID: 35594811 PMCID: PMC9627742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal aging is associated with a variety of neurologic changes including declines in cognition, memory, and motor activity. These declines correlate with neuronal changes in synaptic structure and function. Degradation of brain network activity and connectivity represents a likely mediator of age-related functional deterioration resulting from these neuronal changes. Human studies have demonstrated both general decreases in spontaneous cortical activity and disruption of cortical networks with aging. Current techniques used to study cerebral network activity are hampered either by limited spatial resolution (e.g. electroencephalography, EEG) or limited temporal resolution (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI). Here we utilize mesoscale imaging of neuronal activity in Thy1-GCaMP6f mice to characterize neuronal network changes in aging with high spatial resolution across a wide frequency range. We show that while evoked activity is unchanged with aging, spontaneous neuronal activity decreases across a wide frequency range (0.01–4 Hz) involving all regions of the cortex. In contrast to this global reduction in cortical power, we found that aging is associated with functional connectivity (FC) deterioration of select networks including somatomotor, cingulate, and retrosplenial nodes. These changes are corroborated by reductions in homotopic FC and node degree within somatomotor and visual cortices. Finally, we found that whole-cortex delta power and delta band node degree correlate with exploratory activity in young but not aged animals. Together these data suggest that aging is associated with global declines in spontaneous cortical activity and focal deterioration of network connectivity, and that these reductions may be associated with age-related behavioral declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher J Albertson
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Eric C Landsness
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michelle J Tang
- Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC 3878, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hanyang Miao
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Zachary P Rosenthal
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Byungchan Kim
- Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Joseph C Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA; Department of Physics, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Adam Q Bauer
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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32
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Brier LM, Zhang X, Bice AR, Gaines SH, Landsness EC, Lee JM, Anastasio MA, Culver JP. A Multivariate Functional Connectivity Approach to Mapping Brain Networks and Imputing Neural Activity in Mice. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:1593-1607. [PMID: 34541601 PMCID: PMC9016290 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal correlation analysis of spontaneous brain activity (e.g., Pearson "functional connectivity," FC) has provided insights into the functional organization of the human brain. However, bivariate analysis techniques such as this are often susceptible to confounding physiological processes (e.g., sleep, Mayer-waves, breathing, motion), which makes it difficult to accurately map connectivity in health and disease as these physiological processes affect FC. In contrast, a multivariate approach to imputing individual neural networks from spontaneous neuroimaging data could be influential to our conceptual understanding of FC and provide performance advantages. Therefore, we analyzed neural calcium imaging data from Thy1-GCaMP6f mice while either awake, asleep, anesthetized, during low and high bouts of motion, or before and after photothrombotic stroke. A linear support vector regression approach was used to determine the optimal weights for integrating the signals from the remaining pixels to accurately predict neural activity in a region of interest (ROI). The resultant weight maps for each ROI were interpreted as multivariate functional connectivity (MFC), resembled anatomical connectivity, and demonstrated a sparser set of strong focused positive connections than traditional FC. While global variations in data have large effects on standard correlation FC analysis, the MFC mapping methods were mostly impervious. Lastly, MFC analysis provided a more powerful connectivity deficit detection following stroke compared to traditional FC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Brier
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Annie R Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Seana H Gaines
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eric C Landsness
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Mark A Anastasio
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO 63105, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO 63112, USA
- Department of Physics, Washington University School of Arts and Science, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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33
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Rahn RM, Brier LM, Bice AR, Reisman MD, Dougherty JD, Culver JP. Functional Connectivity of the Developing Mouse Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:1755-1768. [PMID: 34498678 PMCID: PMC9016285 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-sectional studies have established a variety of structural, synaptic, and cell physiological changes corresponding to critical periods in cortical development. However, the emergence of functional connectivity (FC) in development has not been fully characterized, and hemodynamic-based measures are vulnerable to any neurovascular coupling changes occurring in parallel. We therefore used optical fluorescence imaging to trace longitudinal calcium FC in the awake, resting-state mouse cortex at 5 developmental timepoints beginning at postnatal day 15 (P15) and ending in early adulthood at P60. Calcium FC displayed coherent functional maps as early as P15, and FC significantly varied in connections between many regions across development, with the developmental trajectory's shape specific to the functional region. Evaluating 325 seed-seed connections, we found that there was a significant increase in FC between P15 and P22 over the majority of the cortex as well as bilateral connectivity and node degree differences in frontal, motor, and retrosplenial cortices after P22. A rebalancing of inter- and intrahemispheric FC and local-distal FC dominance was also observed during development. This longitudinal developmental calcium FC study therefore provides a resource dataset to the field and identifies periods of dynamic change which cross-sectional studies may target for examination of disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Rahn
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lindsey M Brier
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Annie R Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew D Reisman
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph D Dougherty
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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34
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Dissection of brain-wide resting-state and functional somatosensory circuits by fMRI with optogenetic silencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2113313119. [PMID: 35042795 PMCID: PMC8795561 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113313119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To further advance functional MRI (fMRI)-based brain science, it is critical to dissect fMRI activity at the circuit level. To achieve this goal, we combined brain-wide fMRI with neuronal silencing in well-defined regions. Since focal inactivation suppresses excitatory output to downstream pathways, intact input and suppressed output circuits can be separated. Highly specific cerebral blood volume-weighted fMRI was performed with optogenetic stimulation of local GABAergic neurons in mouse somatosensory regions. Brain-wide spontaneous somatosensory networks were found mostly in ipsilateral cortical and subcortical areas, which differed from the bilateral homotopic connections commonly observed in resting-state fMRI data. The evoked fMRI responses to somatosensory stimulation in regions of the somatosensory network were successfully dissected, allowing the relative contributions of spinothalamic (ST), thalamocortical (TC), corticothalamic (CT), corticocortical (CC) inputs, and local intracortical circuits to be determined. The ventral posterior thalamic nucleus receives ST inputs, while the posterior medial thalamic nucleus receives CT inputs from the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) with TC inputs. The secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) receives mostly direct CC inputs from S1 and a few TC inputs from the ventral posterolateral nucleus. The TC and CC input layers in cortical regions were identified by laminar-specific fMRI responses with a full width at half maximum of <150 µm. Long-range synaptic inputs in cortical areas were amplified approximately twofold by local intracortical circuits, which is consistent with electrophysiological recordings. Overall, whole-brain fMRI with optogenetic inactivation revealed brain-wide, population-based, long-range circuits, which could complement data typically collected in conventional microscopic functional circuit studies.
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35
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Zhang X, Landsness EC, Chen W, Miao H, Tang M, Brier LM, Culver JP, Lee JM, Anastasio MA. Automated sleep state classification of wide-field calcium imaging data via multiplex visibility graphs and deep learning. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 366:109421. [PMID: 34822945 PMCID: PMC9006179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wide-field calcium imaging (WFCI) allows for monitoring of cortex-wide neural dynamics in mice. When applied to the study of sleep, WFCI data are manually scored into the sleep states of wakefulness, non-REM (NREM) and REM by use of adjunct EEG and EMG recordings. However, this process is time-consuming and often suffers from low inter- and intra-rater reliability and invasiveness. Therefore, an automated sleep state classification method that operates on WFCI data alone is needed. NEW METHOD A hybrid, two-step method is proposed. In the first step, spatial-temporal WFCI data is mapped to multiplex visibility graphs (MVGs). Subsequently, a two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2D CNN) is employed on the MVGs to be classified as wakefulness, NREM and REM. RESULTS Sleep states were classified with an accuracy of 84% and Cohen's κ of 0.67. The method was also effectively applied on a binary classification of wakefulness/sleep (accuracy=0.82, κ = 0.62) and a four-class wakefulness/sleep/anesthesia/movement classification (accuracy=0.74, κ = 0.66). Gradient-weighted class activation maps revealed that the CNN focused on short- and long-term temporal connections of MVGs in a sleep state-specific manner. Sleep state classification performance when using individual brain regions was highest for the posterior area of the cortex and when cortex-wide activity was considered. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD On a 3-hour WFCI recording, the MVG-CNN achieved a κ of 0.65, comparable to a κ of 0.60 corresponding to the human EEG/EMG-based scoring. CONCLUSIONS The hybrid MVG-CNN method accurately classifies sleep states from WFCI data and will enable future sleep-focused studies with WFCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Eric C Landsness
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hanyang Miao
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michelle Tang
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lindsey M Brier
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Physics, Washington University School of Arts and Science, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Mark A Anastasio
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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36
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Altered dorsal functional connectivity after post-weaning social isolation and resocialization in mice. Neuroimage 2021; 245:118740. [PMID: 34808365 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social isolation (SI) leads to various mental health disorders. Despite abundant studies on behavioral and neurobiological changes induced by post-weaning SI, the characterization of its imaging correlates, such as resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC), is critically lacking. In addition, the effects of resocialization after isolation remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effects of 1) SI on cortical functional connectivity and 2) subsequent resocialization on behavior and functional connectivity. METHODS Behavioral tests were conducted to validate the post-weaning SI mouse model, which is isolated during the juvenile period. Wide-field optical mapping was performed to observe both neuronal and hemodynamic signals in the cortex under anesthesia. Using seed-based and graph theoretical analyses, RSFC was analyzed. SI mice were then resocialized and the array of behavior and imaging tests was conducted. RESULTS Behaviorally, SI mice showed elevated anxiety, social preference, and aggression. RSFC analyses using the seed-based approach revealed decreased cortical functional connectivity in SI mice, especially in the frontal region. Graph network analyses demonstrated significant reduction in network segregation measures. After resocialization, mice exhibited recovered anxiogenic and aggressive behavior, but RSFC data did not show significant changes. CONCLUSIONS We observed an overall decrease in functional connectivity in SI mice. Moreover, resocialization restored the disruptions in behavioral patterns but functional connectivity was not recovered. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report that, despite the recovering tendencies of behavior in resocialized mice, similar changes in RSFC were not observed. This suggests that disruptions in functional connectivity caused by social isolation remain as long-term sequelae.
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Xiao D, Forys BJ, Vanni MP, Murphy TH. MesoNet allows automated scaling and segmentation of mouse mesoscale cortical maps using machine learning. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5992. [PMID: 34645817 PMCID: PMC8514445 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the basis of brain function requires knowledge of cortical operations over wide spatial scales and the quantitative analysis of brain activity in well-defined brain regions. Matching an anatomical atlas to brain functional data requires substantial labor and expertise. Here, we developed an automated machine learning-based registration and segmentation approach for quantitative analysis of mouse mesoscale cortical images. A deep learning model identifies nine cortical landmarks using only a single raw fluorescent image. Another fully convolutional network was adapted to delimit brain boundaries. This anatomical alignment approach was extended by adding three functional alignment approaches that use sensory maps or spatial-temporal activity motifs. We present this methodology as MesoNet, a robust and user-friendly analysis pipeline using pre-trained models to segment brain regions as defined in the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas. This Python-based toolbox can also be combined with existing methods to facilitate high-throughput data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Xiao
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Detwiller Pavilion, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brandon J Forys
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Detwiller Pavilion, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthieu P Vanni
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Detwiller Pavilion, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada
- Université de Montréal, École d'Optométrie, 3744 Jean Brillant H3T 1P1, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Timothy H Murphy
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Detwiller Pavilion, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada.
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Contribution of animal models toward understanding resting state functional connectivity. Neuroimage 2021; 245:118630. [PMID: 34644593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity, which reflects the spatial and temporal organization of intrinsic activity throughout the brain, is one of the most studied measures in human neuroimaging research. The noninvasive acquisition of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) allows the characterization of features designated as functional networks, functional connectivity gradients, and time-varying activity patterns that provide insight into the intrinsic functional organization of the brain and potential alterations related to brain dysfunction. Functional connectivity, hence, captures dimensions of the brain's activity that have enormous potential for both clinical and preclinical research. However, the mechanisms underlying functional connectivity have yet to be fully characterized, hindering interpretation of rs-fMRI studies. As in other branches of neuroscience, the identification of the neurophysiological processes that contribute to functional connectivity largely depends on research conducted on laboratory animals, which provide a platform where specific, multi-dimensional investigations that involve invasive measurements can be carried out. These highly controlled experiments facilitate the interpretation of the temporal correlations observed across the brain. Indeed, information obtained from animal experimentation to date is the basis for our current understanding of the underlying basis for functional brain connectivity. This review presents a compendium of some of the most critical advances in the field based on the efforts made by the animal neuroimaging community.
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Linden NJ, Tabuena DR, Steinmetz NA, Moody WJ, Brunton SL, Brunton BW. Go with the FLOW: visualizing spatiotemporal dynamics in optical widefield calcium imaging. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210523. [PMID: 34428947 PMCID: PMC8385384 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Widefield calcium imaging has recently emerged as a powerful experimental technique to record coordinated large-scale brain activity. These measurements present a unique opportunity to characterize spatiotemporally coherent structures that underlie neural activity across many regions of the brain. In this work, we leverage analytic techniques from fluid dynamics to develop a visualization framework that highlights features of flow across the cortex, mapping wavefronts that may be correlated with behavioural events. First, we transform the time series of widefield calcium images into time-varying vector fields using optic flow. Next, we extract concise diagrams summarizing the dynamics, which we refer to as FLOW (flow lines in optical widefield imaging) portraits. These FLOW portraits provide an intuitive map of dynamic calcium activity, including regions of initiation and termination, as well as the direction and extent of activity spread. To extract these structures, we use the finite-time Lyapunov exponent technique developed to analyse time-varying manifolds in unsteady fluids. Importantly, our approach captures coherent structures that are poorly represented by traditional modal decomposition techniques. We demonstrate the application of FLOW portraits on three simple synthetic datasets and two widefield calcium imaging datasets, including cortical waves in the developing mouse and spontaneous cortical activity in an adult mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J. Linden
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-0005, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-0005, USA
| | - Dennis R. Tabuena
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-0005, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-0005, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Steinmetz
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-0005, USA
| | - William J. Moody
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-0005, USA
| | - Steven L. Brunton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-0005, USA
| | - Bingni W. Brunton
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-0005, USA
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Impact of anesthesia on static and dynamic functional connectivity in mice. Neuroimage 2021; 241:118413. [PMID: 34293463 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A few studies have compared the static functional connectivity between awake and lightly anesthetized states in rodents by resting-state fMRI. However, impact of light anesthesia on static and dynamic fluctuations in functional connectivity has not been fully understood. Here, we developed a resting-state fMRI protocol to perform awake and anesthetized functional MRI in the same mice. Static functional connectivity showed a widespread decrease under light anesthesia, such as when under isoflurane or a mixture of isoflurane and medetomidine. Several interhemispheric and subcortical connections were key connections for anesthetized condition from awake state. Dynamic functional connectivity demonstrates the shift from frequent broad connections across the cortex, the hypothalamus, and the auditory-visual cortex to frequent local connections within the cortex only under light anesthesia compared with awake state. Fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation in the thalamic nuclei decreased under both anesthesia. These results indicate that typical anesthetics for functional MRI alters the spatiotemporal profile of the dynamic brain network in subcortical regions, including the thalamic nuclei and limbic system.
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Mächler P, Broggini T, Mateo C, Thunemann M, Fomin-Thunemann N, Doran PR, Sencan I, Kilic K, Desjardins M, Uhlirova H, Yaseen MA, Boas DA, Linninger AA, Vergassola M, Yu X, Lewis LD, Polimeni JR, Rosen BR, Sakadžić S, Buxton RB, Lauritzen M, Kleinfeld D, Devor A. A Suite of Neurophotonic Tools to Underpin the Contribution of Internal Brain States in fMRI. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 18:100273. [PMID: 33959688 PMCID: PMC8095678 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in optical microscopy, applicable for large-scale and longitudinal imaging of cortical activity in behaving animals, open unprecedented opportunities to gain a deeper understanding of neurovascular and neurometabolic coupling during different brain states. Future studies will leverage these tools to deliver foundational knowledge about brain state-dependent regulation of cerebral blood flow and metabolism as well as regulation as a function of brain maturation and aging. This knowledge is of critical importance to interpret hemodynamic signals observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Mächler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thomas Broggini
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Celine Mateo
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Martin Thunemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Patrick R. Doran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ikbal Sencan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kivilcim Kilic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michèle Desjardins
- Département de Physique, de Génie Physique et d’Optique, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Hana Uhlirova
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammad A. Yaseen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A. Boas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andreas A. Linninger
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Massimo Vergassola
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Département de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Xin Yu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Laura D. Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Polimeni
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bruce R. Rosen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Richard B. Buxton
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup 2600, Denmark
| | - David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Section on Neurobiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anna Devor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Chung DY, Oka F, Jin G, Harriott A, Kura S, Aykan SA, Qin T, Edmiston WJ, Lee H, Yaseen MA, Sakadžić S, Boas DA, Whalen MJ, Ayata C. Subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to early and persistent functional connectivity and behavioral changes in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:975-985. [PMID: 32936728 PMCID: PMC8054726 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20940152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) leads to significant long-term cognitive deficits, which can be associated with alterations in resting state functional connectivity (RSFC). However, modalities such as fMRI-which is commonly used to assess RSFC in humans-have practical limitations in small animals. Therefore, we used non-invasive optical intrinsic signal imaging to determine the effect of SAH on RSFC in mice up to three months after prechiasmatic blood injection. We assessed Morris water maze (MWM), open field test (OFT), Y-maze, and rotarod performance from approximately two weeks to three months after SAH. Compared to sham, we found that SAH reduced motor, retrosplenial, and visual seed-based connectivity indices. These deficits persisted in retrosplenial and visual cortex seeds at three months. Seed-to-seed analysis confirmed early attenuation of correlation coefficients in SAH mice, which persisted in predominantly posterior network connections at later time points. Seed-independent global and interhemispheric indices of connectivity revealed decreased correlations following SAH for at least one month. SAH led to MWM hidden platform and OFT deficits at two weeks, and Y-maze deficits for at least three months, without altering rotarod performance. In conclusion, experimental SAH leads to early and persistent alterations both in hemodynamically derived measures of RSFC and in cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Chung
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fumiaki Oka
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Gina Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Harriott
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Stroke Service, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sreekanth Kura
- Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanem A Aykan
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Tao Qin
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - William J Edmiston
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hang Lee
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohammad A Yaseen
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - David A Boas
- Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Whalen
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cenk Ayata
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Stroke Service, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Lee J, Stile CL, Bice AR, Rosenthal ZP, Yan P, Snyder AZ, Lee JM, Bauer AQ. Opposed hemodynamic responses following increased excitation and parvalbumin-based inhibition. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:841-856. [PMID: 33736512 PMCID: PMC7983494 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20930831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding cellular contributions to hemodynamic activity is essential for interpreting blood-based brain mapping signals. Optogenetic studies examining cell-specific influences on local hemodynamics have reported that excitatory activity results in cerebral perfusion and blood volume increase, while inhibitory activity contributes to both vasodilation and vasoconstriction. How specific subpopulations of interneurons regulate the brain's blood supply is less examined. Parvalbumin interneurons are the largest subpopulation of GABAergic neurons in the brain, critical for brain development, plasticity, and long-distance excitatory neurotransmission. Despite their essential role in brain function, the contribution of parvalbumin neurons to neurovascular coupling has been relatively unexamined. Using optical intrinsic signal imaging and laser speckle contrast imaging, we photostimulated awake and anesthetized transgenic mice expressing channelrhodopsin under a parvalbumin promoter. Increased parvalbumin activity reduced local oxygenation, cerebral blood volume, and cerebral blood flow. These "negative" hemodynamic responses were consistent within and across mice and reproducible across a broad range of photostimulus parameters. However, the sign and magnitude of the hemodynamic response resulting from increased parvalbumin activity depended on the type and level of anesthesia used. Opposed hemodynamic responses following increased excitation or parvalbumin-based inhibition suggest unique contributions from different cell populations to neurovascular coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonhyuk Lee
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chloe L Stile
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Annie R Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zachary P Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adam Q Bauer
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Park K, Liyanage AC, Koretsky AP, Pan Y, Du C. Optical imaging of stimulation-evoked cortical activity using GCaMP6f and jRGECO1a. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:998-1009. [PMID: 33654672 PMCID: PMC7829166 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs), especially the GCaMP-based green fluorescence GECIs have been widely used for in vivo detection of neuronal activity in rodents by measuring intracellular neuronal Ca2+ changes. More recently, jRGECO1a, a red shifted GECI, has been reported to detect neuronal Ca2+ activation. This opens the possibility of using dual-color GECIs for simultaneous interrogation of different cell populations. However, there has been no report to compare the functional difference between these two GECIs for in vivo imaging. Here, a comparative study is reported on neuronal responses to sensory stimulation using GCaMP6f and jRGECO1a that were virally delivered into the neurons in the somatosensory cortex of two different groups of animals, respectively. METHODS GCaMP6f and jRGECO1a GECI were virally delivered to sensory cortex. After 3-4 weeks, the animals were imaged to capture the spatiotemporal changes of neuronal Ca2+ and the hemodynamic responses to forepaw electrical stimulation (0.3 mA, 0.3 ms/pulse, 0.03 Hz). The stimulation-evoked neuronal Ca2+ transients expressed with GCaMP6f or jRGECO1a were recorded during the baseline period and after an acute cocaine administration (1 mg/kg, i.v.). RESULTS Histology confirmed that the efficiency of jRGECO1a and GCaMP6f expression into the cortical neurons was similar, i.e., 34%±3% and 32.7%±1.6%, respectively. Our imaging in vivo showed that the hemodynamic responses to the stimulation were the same between jRGECO1a and GCaMP6f expressed groups. Although the stimulation-evoked fluorescence change (∆F/F) and the time-to-peak of the neuronal Ca2+ transients were not significantly different between these two indicators, the full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) duration of the ∆F/F rise in the jRGECO1a-expressed group (0.16±0.02 s) was ~50 ms or 46% longer than that of the GCaMP6f group (0.11±0.003 s), indicating a longer recovery time in jRGECO1a than in GCaMP6f transients (P<0.01). This is likely due to the longer off rate of jRGECO1a than that of GCaMP6f. After cocaine, the time-to-peak of Ca2+ transients was delayed and their FWHM duration was prolonged for both expression groups, indicating that these are cocaine's effects on neuronal Ca2+ signaling and not artifacts due to the property differences of the GCEIs. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that both jRGECO1a and GCaMP6f have sufficient sensitivity for tracking single-stimulation-evoked Ca2+ transients to detect neuronal activities from the brain. Since these GECIs are emitted at the different wavelengths, it will be possible to use them together to characterize the activity of different cell types (e.g., neurons and astrocytes) to study brain activation and brain functional changes in normal or diseased brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kicheon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Anuki C. Liyanage
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Alan P. Koretsky
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yingtian Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Congwu Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Rosenthal ZP, Raut RV, Bowen RM, Snyder AZ, Culver JP, Raichle ME, Lee JM. Peripheral sensory stimulation elicits global slow waves by recruiting somatosensory cortex bilaterally. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2021252118. [PMID: 33597303 PMCID: PMC7923673 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021252118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow waves (SWs) are globally propagating, low-frequency (0.5- to 4-Hz) oscillations that are prominent during sleep and anesthesia. SWs are essential to neural plasticity and memory. However, much remains unknown about the mechanisms coordinating SW propagation at the macroscale. To assess SWs in the context of macroscale networks, we recorded cortical activity in awake and ketamine/xylazine-anesthetized mice using widefield optical imaging with fluorescent calcium indicator GCaMP6f. We demonstrate that unilateral somatosensory stimulation evokes bilateral waves that travel across the cortex with state-dependent trajectories. Under anesthesia, we observe that rhythmic stimuli elicit globally resonant, front-to-back propagating SWs. Finally, photothrombotic lesions of S1 show that somatosensory-evoked global SWs depend on bilateral recruitment of homotopic primary somatosensory cortices. Specifically, unilateral lesions of S1 disrupt somatosensory-evoked global SW initiation from either hemisphere, while spontaneous SWs are largely unchanged. These results show that evoked SWs may be triggered by bilateral activation of specific, homotopically connected cortical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P Rosenthal
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ryan V Raut
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ryan M Bowen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Physics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Sunil S, Evren Erdener S, Cheng X, Kura S, Tang J, Jiang J, Karrobi K, Kılıç K, Roblyer D, Boas DA. Stroke core revealed by tissue scattering using spatial frequency domain imaging. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 29:102539. [PMID: 33385882 PMCID: PMC7779322 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We present OCT and SFDI as methods to measure the spatial extent of stroke in mice. OCT was a reliable predictor of the stroke core in a photothrombosis stroke model. SFDI scattering coefficient spatially overlaps with OCT attenuation after stroke. Scattering increases following stroke reliably predict ischemic injury. SFDI provides a wide-field optical approach to map the stroke core.
Ischemic stroke leads to a reduction or complete loss of blood supply causing injury to brain tissue, which ultimately leads to behavioral impairment. Optical techniques are widely used to study the structural and functional changes that result as a consequence of ischemic stroke both in the acute and chronic phases of stroke recovery. It is currently a challenge to accurately estimate the spatial extent of the infarct without the use of histological parameters however, and in order to follow recovery mechanisms longitudinally at the mesoscopic scale it is essential to know the spatial extent of the stroke core. In this paper we first establish optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a reliable indicator of the stroke core by analyzing signal attenuation and spatially correlating it with the infarct, determined by staining with triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride (TTC). We then introduce spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) as a mesoscopic optical technique that can be used to accurately measure the infarct spatial extent by exploiting changes in optical scattering that occur as a consequence of ischemic stroke. Additionally, we follow the progression of ischemia through the acute and sub-acute phases of stroke recovery using both OCT and SFDI and show a consistently high spatial overlap in estimating infarct location. The use of SFDI in assessing infarct location will allow longitudinal studies targeted at following functional recovery mechanisms on a mesoscopic level without having to sacrifice the mouse acutely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrithi Sunil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Sefik Evren Erdener
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Xiaojun Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sreekanth Kura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jianbo Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kavon Karrobi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kıvılcım Kılıç
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Darren Roblyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David A Boas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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47
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Smith SE, Chen X, Brier LM, Bumstead JR, Rensing NR, Ringel AE, Shin H, Oldenborg A, Crowley JR, Bice AR, Dikranian K, Ippolito JE, Haigis MC, Papouin T, Zhao G, Wong M, Culver JP, Bonni A. Astrocyte deletion of α2-Na/K ATPase triggers episodic motor paralysis in mice via a metabolic pathway. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6164. [PMID: 33268780 PMCID: PMC7710756 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hemiplegic migraine is an episodic neurological disorder characterized by transient sensory and motor symptoms and signs. Mutations of the ion pump α2-Na/K ATPase cause familial hemiplegic migraine, but the mechanisms by which α2-Na/K ATPase mutations lead to the migraine phenotype remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that mice in which α2-Na/K ATPase is conditionally deleted in astrocytes display episodic paralysis. Functional neuroimaging reveals that conditional α2-Na/K ATPase knockout triggers spontaneous cortical spreading depression events that are associated with EEG low voltage activity events, which correlate with transient motor impairment in these mice. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses show that α2-Na/K ATPase loss alters metabolic gene expression with consequent serine and glycine elevation in the brain. A serine- and glycine-free diet rescues the transient motor impairment in conditional α2-Na/K ATPase knockout mice. Together, our findings define a metabolic mechanism regulated by astrocytic α2-Na/K ATPase that triggers episodic motor paralysis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- MD-PhD Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lindsey M Brier
- MD-PhD Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan R Bumstead
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA
| | - Nicholas R Rensing
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Alison E Ringel
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Haewon Shin
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anna Oldenborg
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jan R Crowley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Annie R Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Krikor Dikranian
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joseph E Ippolito
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Papouin
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Guoyan Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael Wong
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA
| | - Azad Bonni
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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48
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Allegra Mascaro AL, Conti E, Lai S, Di Giovanna AP, Spalletti C, Alia C, Panarese A, Scaglione A, Sacconi L, Micera S, Caleo M, Pavone FS. Combined Rehabilitation Promotes the Recovery of Structural and Functional Features of Healthy Neuronal Networks after Stroke. Cell Rep 2020; 28:3474-3485.e6. [PMID: 31553915 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rehabilitation is considered the most effective treatment for promoting the recovery of motor deficits after stroke. One of the most challenging experimental goals is to unambiguously link brain rewiring to motor improvement prompted by rehabilitative therapy. Previous work showed that robotic training combined with transient inactivation of the contralesional cortex promotes a generalized recovery in a mouse model of stroke. Here, we use advanced optical imaging and manipulation tools to study cortical remodeling induced by this rehabilitation paradigm. We show that the stabilization of peri-infarct synaptic contacts accompanies increased vascular density induced by angiogenesis. Furthermore, temporal and spatial features of cortical activation recover toward pre-stroke conditions through the progressive formation of a new motor representation in the peri-infarct area. In the same animals, we observe reinforcement of inter-hemispheric connectivity. Our results provide evidence that combined rehabilitation promotes the restoration of structural and functional features distinctive of healthy neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Letizia Allegra Mascaro
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Pisa 56124, Italy; European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy.
| | - Emilia Conti
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Stefano Lai
- Translational Neural Engineering Area, The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudia Alia
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Alessandro Panarese
- Translational Neural Engineering Area, The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Alessandro Scaglione
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sacconi
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy; National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Silvestro Micera
- Translational Neural Engineering Area, The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy; Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational NeuroEngineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Caleo
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Pisa 56124, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Pavone
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy; National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
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49
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Cardin JA, Crair MC, Higley MJ. Mesoscopic Imaging: Shining a Wide Light on Large-Scale Neural Dynamics. Neuron 2020; 108:33-43. [PMID: 33058764 PMCID: PMC7577373 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Optical imaging has revolutionized our ability to monitor brain activity, spanning spatial scales from synapses to cells to circuits. Here, we summarize the rapid development and application of mesoscopic imaging, a widefield fluorescence-based approach that balances high spatiotemporal resolution with extraordinarily large fields of view. By leveraging the continued expansion of fluorescent reporters for neuronal activity and novel strategies for indicator expression, mesoscopic analysis enables measurement and correlation of network dynamics with behavioral state and task performance. Moreover, the combination of widefield imaging with cellular resolution methods such as two-photon microscopy and electrophysiology is bridging boundaries between cellular and network analyses. Overall, mesoscopic imaging provides a powerful option in the optical toolbox for investigation of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Cardin
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Michael C Crair
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Michael J Higley
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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50
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de Melo Reis RA, Freitas HR, de Mello FG. Cell Calcium Imaging as a Reliable Method to Study Neuron-Glial Circuits. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:569361. [PMID: 33122991 PMCID: PMC7566175 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.569361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex dynamic cellular networks have been studied in physiological and pathological processes under the light of single-cell calcium imaging (SCCI), a method that correlates functional data based on calcium shifts operated by different intracellular and extracellular mechanisms integrated with their cell phenotypes. From the classic synaptic structure to tripartite astrocytic model or the recent quadripartite microglia added ensemble, as well as other physiological tissues, it is possible to follow how cells signal spatiotemporally to cellular patterns. This methodology has been used broadly due to the universal properties of calcium as a second messenger. In general, at least two types of receptor operate through calcium permeation: a fast-acting ionotropic receptor channel and a slow-activating metabotropic receptor, added to exchangers/transporters/pumps and intracellular Ca2+ release activated by messengers. These prototypes have gained an enormous amount of information in dynamic signaling circuits. SCCI has also been used as a method to associate phenotypic markers during development and stage transitions in progenitors, stem, vascular cells, neuro- and glioblasts, neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia that operate through ion channels, transporters, and receptors. Also, cancer cells or inducible cell lines from human organoids characterized by transition stages are currently being used to model diseases or reconfigure healthy cells in terms of the expression of calcium-binding/permeable molecules and shed light on therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto de Melo Reis
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hércules Rezende Freitas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Fernando Garcia de Mello
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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