1
|
Eid SA, Noureldein M, Kim B, Hinder LM, Mendelson FE, Hayes JM, Hur J, Feldman EL. Single-cell RNA-seq uncovers novel metabolic functions of Schwann cells beyond myelination. J Neurochem 2023; 166:367-388. [PMID: 37328915 PMCID: PMC11141588 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) support peripheral nerves under homeostatic conditions, independent of myelination, and contribute to damage in prediabetic peripheral neuropathy (PN). Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize the transcriptional profiles and intercellular communication of SCs in the nerve microenvironment using the high-fat diet-fed mouse, which mimics human prediabetes and neuropathy. We identified four major SC clusters, myelinating, nonmyelinating, immature, and repair in healthy and neuropathic nerves, in addition to a distinct cluster of nerve macrophages. Myelinating SCs acquired a unique transcriptional profile, beyond myelination, in response to metabolic stress. Mapping SC intercellular communication identified a shift in communication, centered on immune response and trophic support pathways, which primarily impacted nonmyelinating SCs. Validation analyses revealed that neuropathic SCs become pro-inflammatory and insulin resistant under prediabetic conditions. Overall, our study offers a unique resource for interrogating SC function, communication, and signaling in nerve pathophysiology to help inform SC-specific therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie A. Eid
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mohamed Noureldein
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Bhumsoo Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lucy M. Hinder
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Faye E. Mendelson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - John M. Hayes
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu J, Wong SSC. Molecular Mechanisms and Pathophysiological Pathways of High-Fat Diets and Caloric Restriction Dietary Patterns on Pain. Anesth Analg 2023; 137:137-152. [PMID: 36729981 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pain perception provides evolutionary advantages by enhancing the probability of survival, but chronic pain continues to be a significant global health concern in modern society. Various factors are associated with pain alteration. Accumulating evidence has revealed that obesity correlates with enhanced pain perception, especially in chronic pain individuals. Existing dietary patterns related to obesity are primarily high-fat diets (HFD) and calorie restriction (CR) diets, which induce or alleviate obesity separately. HFD has been shown to enhance nociception while CR tends to alleviate pain when measuring pain outcomes. Herein, this review mainly summarizes the current knowledge of the effects of HFD and CR on pain responses and underlying molecular mechanisms of the immunological factors, metabolic regulation, inflammatory processes, Schwann cell (SC) autophagy, gut microbiome, and other pathophysiological signaling pathways involved. This review would help to provide insights on potential nonpharmacological strategies of dietary patterns in relieving pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine
- Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R.C
| | - Stanley Sau Ching Wong
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine
- Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R.C
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Unbiased proteomic analysis detects painful systemic inflammatory profile in the serum of nerve-injured mice. Pain 2023; 164:e77-e90. [PMID: 35587992 PMCID: PMC9833115 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Neuropathic pain is a complex, debilitating disease that results from injury to the somatosensory nervous system. The presence of systemic chronic inflammation has been observed in patients with chronic pain but whether it plays a causative role remains unclear. This study aims to determine the perturbation of systemic homeostasis by an injury to peripheral nerve and its involvement in neuropathic pain. We assessed the proteomic profile in the serum of mice at 1 day and 1 month after partial sciatic nerve injury (PSNL) or sham surgery. We also assessed mouse mechanical and cold sensitivity in naïve mice after receiving intravenous administration of serum from PSNL or sham mice. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis revealed that PSNL resulted in a long-lasting alteration of serum proteome, where most of the differentially expressed proteins were in inflammation-related pathways, involving cytokines and chemokines, autoantibodies, and complement factors. Although transferring sham serum to naïve mice did not change their pain sensitivity, PSNL serum significantly lowered mechanical thresholds and induced cold hypersensitivity in naïve mice. With broad anti-inflammatory properties, bone marrow cell extracts not only partially restored serum proteomic homeostasis but also significantly ameliorated PSNL-induced mechanical allodynia, and serum from bone marrow cell extracts-treated PSNL mice no longer induced hypersensitivity in naïve mice. These findings clearly demonstrate that nerve injury has a long-lasting impact on systemic homeostasis, and nerve injury-associated systemic inflammation contributes to the development of neuropathic pain.
Collapse
|
4
|
Starobova H, Alshammari A, Winkler IG, Vetter I. The role of the neuronal microenvironment in sensory function and pain pathophysiology. J Neurochem 2022. [PMID: 36394416 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence of pain and the at times low efficacy of current treatments represent a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. Effective treatment strategies require consideration of the diverse pathophysiologies that underlie various pain conditions. Indeed, our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to aberrant sensory neuron function has advanced considerably. However, sensory neurons operate in a complex dynamic microenvironment that is controlled by multidirectional interactions of neurons with non-neuronal cells, including immune cells, neuronal accessory cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and keratinocytes. Each of these cells constitute and control the microenvironment in which neurons operate, inevitably influencing sensory function and the pathology of pain. This review highlights the importance of the neuronal microenvironment for sensory function and pain, focusing on cellular interactions in the skin, nerves, dorsal root ganglia, and spinal cord. We discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms by which neurons and non-neuronal cells communicate to promote or resolve pain, and how this knowledge could be used for the development of mechanism-based treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Starobova
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ammar Alshammari
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ingrid G Winkler
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Umbaugh DS, Maciejewski JC, Wooten JS, Guilford BL. Neuronal Inflammation is Associated with Changes in Epidermal Innervation in High Fat Fed Mice. Front Physiol 2022; 13:891550. [PMID: 36082224 PMCID: PMC9445198 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.891550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy (PN), a debilitating complication of diabetes, is associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome in nondiabetic individuals. Evidence indicates that a high fat diet can induce signs of diabetic peripheral PN in mice but the pathogenesis of high fat diet-induced PN remains unknown. PURPOSE: Determine if neuronal inflammation is associated with the development of mechanical hypersensitivity and nerve fiber changes in high fat fed mice. METHODS: Male C57Bl/6 mice were randomized to a standard (Std, 15% kcal from fat) or high fat diet (HF, 54% kcal from fat) for 2, 4, or 8 weeks (n = 11-12 per group). Lumbar dorsal root ganglia were harvested and inflammatory mediators (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17, MCP-1, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MIP-1α, GMCSF, RANTES) were quantified. Hindpaw mechanical sensitivity was assessed using the von Frey test. Intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) and TrkA nerve fiber density were quantified via immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: After 8 weeks, HF had greater body mass (33.3 ± 1.0 vs 26.7 ± 0.5 g, p < 0.001), fasting blood glucose (160.3 ± 9.4 vs 138.5 ± 3.4 mg/dl, p < 0.05) and insulin (3.58 ± 0.46 vs 0.82 ± 0.14 ng/ml, p < 0.001) compared to Std. IL-1α, RANTES and IL-5 were higher in HF compared to Std after 2 and 4 weeks, respectively (IL-1α: 4.8 ± 1.3 vs 2.9 ± 0.6 pg/mg, p < 0.05; RANTES: 19.6 ± 2.2 vs 13.3 ± 1.2 pg/mg p < 0.05; IL-5: 5.8 ± 0.7 vs 3.1 ± 0.5 pg/mg, p < 0.05). IENFD and TrkA fiber density were also higher in HF vs Std after 4 weeks (IENFD: 39.4 ± 1.2 vs 32.2 ± 1.3 fibers/mm, p < 0.001; TrkA: 30.4 ± 1.8 vs 22.4 ± 1.3 fibers/mm). There were no significant differences in hindpaw sensitivity for Std vs HF. CONCLUSION: Increased inflammatory mediators preceded and accompanied an increase in cutaneous pain sensing nerve fibers in high fat fed mice but was not accompanied by significant mechanical allodynia. Diets high in fat may increase neuronal inflammation and lead to increased nociceptive nerve fiber density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brianne L. Guilford
- Department of Applied Health, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Roach LA, Meyer BJ, Fitton JH, Winberg P. Improved Plasma Lipids, Anti-Inflammatory Activity, and Microbiome Shifts in Overweight Participants: Two Clinical Studies on Oral Supplementation with Algal Sulfated Polysaccharide. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080500. [PMID: 36005503 PMCID: PMC9410082 DOI: 10.3390/md20080500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweed polysaccharides in the diet may influence both inflammation and the gut microbiome. Here we describe two clinical studies with an Ulva sp. 84-derived sulfated polysaccharide—“xylorhamnoglucuronan” (SXRG84)—on metabolic markers, inflammation, and gut flora composition. The first study was a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial with placebo, and either 2 g/day or 4 g/day of SXRG84 daily for six weeks in 64 overweight or obese participants (median age 55 years, median body mass index (BMI) 29 kg/m2). The second study was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial with 64 participants (median BMI 29 kg/m2, average age 52) on placebo for six weeks and then 2 g/day of SXRG84 treatment for six weeks, or vice versa. In Study 1, the 2 g/day dose exhibited a significant reduction in non-HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (−10% or −0.37 mmol/L, p = 0.02) and in the atherogenic index (−50%, p = 0.05), and two-hour insulin (−12% or −4.83 mU/L) showed trends for reduction in overweight participants. CRP (C-reactive protein) was significantly reduced (−27% or −0.78 mg/L, p = 0.03) with the 4 g/day dose in overweight participants. Significant gut flora shifts included increases in Bifidobacteria, Akkermansia, Pseudobutyrivibrio, and Clostridium and a decrease in Bilophila. In Study 2, no significant differences in lipid measures were observed, but inflammatory cytokines were improved. At twelve weeks after the SXRG84 treatment, plasma cytokine concentrations were significantly lower than at six weeks post placebo for IFN-γ (3.4 vs. 7.3 pg/mL), IL-1β (16.2 vs. 23.2 pg/mL), TNF-α (9.3 vs. 12.6 pg/mL), and IL-10 (1.6 vs. 2.1 pg/mL) (p < 0.05). Gut microbiota abundance and composition did not significantly differ between groups (p > 0.05). Together, the studies illustrate improvements in plasma lipids and an anti-inflammatory effect of dietary SXRG84 that is participant specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Roach
- Molecular Horizons, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence: (L.A.R.); (B.J.M.); (P.W.)
| | - Barbara J. Meyer
- Molecular Horizons, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence: (L.A.R.); (B.J.M.); (P.W.)
| | | | - Pia Winberg
- Venus Shell Systems Pty Ltd., Nowra, NSW 2540, Australia
- Correspondence: (L.A.R.); (B.J.M.); (P.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aghamiri SH, Komlakh K, Ghaffari M. The crosstalk among TLR2, TLR4 and pathogenic pathways; a treasure trove for treatment of diabetic neuropathy. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:51-60. [PMID: 35020096 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00919-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is correlated with organ failures as a consequence of microvascular diabetic complications, including neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. These difficulties come with serious clinical manifestations and high medical costs. Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the most prevalent diabetes complications, affecting at least 50% of diabetic patients with long disease duration. DN has serious effects on patients' life since it interferes with their daily physical activities and causes psychological comorbidities. There are some potential risk factors for the development of neuropathic injuries. It has been shown that inflammatory mechanisms play a pivotal role in the progression of DN. Among inflammatory players, TLR2 and TLR4 have gained immense importance because of their ability in recognizing distinct molecular patterns of invading pathogens and also damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) providing inflammatory context for the progression of a wide array of disorders. We, therefore, sought to explore the possible role of TLR2 and TLR4 in DN pathogenesis and if whether manipulating TLRs is likely to be successful in fighting off DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Aghamiri
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khalil Komlakh
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehran Ghaffari
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kan HW, Chang CH, Chang YS, Ko YT, Hsieh YL. Genetic loss-of-function of activating transcription factor 3 but not C-type lectin member 5A prevents diabetic peripheral neuropathy. J Transl Med 2021; 101:1341-1352. [PMID: 34172832 PMCID: PMC8440213 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the mediating roles of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), an injury marker, or C-type lectin member 5A (CLEC5A), an inflammatory response molecule, in the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and neuroinflammation in diabetic peripheral neuropathy in ATF3 and CLEC5A genetic knockout (aft3-/- and clec5a-/-, respectively) mice. ATF3 was expressed intranuclearly and was upregulated in mice with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DN) and clec5a-/- mice. The DN and clec5a-/- groups also exhibited neuropathic behavior, but not in the aft3-/- group. The upregulation profiles of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein, a protein translation-regulating molecule, and the ER stress-related molecules of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α in the DN and clec5a-/- groups were correlated with neuropathic behavior. Ultrastructural evidence confirmed ER stress induction and neuroinflammation, including microglial enlargement and proinflammatory cytokine release, in the DN and clec5a-/- mice. By contrast, the induction of ER stress and neuroinflammation did not occur in the aft3-/- mice. Furthermore, the mRNA of reactive oxygen species-removing enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, heme oxygenase-1, and catalase were downregulated in the DN and clec5a-/- groups but were not changed in the aft3-/- group. Taken together, the results indicate that intraneuronal ATF3, but not CLEC5A, mediates the induction of ER stress and neuroinflammation associated with diabetic neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wei Kan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hong Chang
- Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Shuang Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Ko
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liang Y, Raven F, Ward JF, Zhen S, Zhang S, Sun H, Miller SJ, Choi SH, Tanzi RE, Zhang C. Upregulation of Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid-β Protein Precursor in Astrocytes Both in vitro and in vivo. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 76:1071-1082. [PMID: 32597805 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) posits that amyloid-β (Aβ) protein accumulation underlies the pathogenesis of the disease by leading to the formation of amyloid plaques, a pathologic hallmark of AD. Aβ is a proteolytic product of amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP; APP), which is expressed in both neurons and astrocytes. Although considerable evidence shows that astrocytes may play critical roles in the pathogenesis of AD, the longitudinal changes of amyloid plaques in relationship to AβPP expression in astrocytes and cellular consequences are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE Here, we aimed to investigate astrocyte-related pathological changes of Aβ and AβPP using immunohistochemistry and biochemical studies in both animal and cell models. METHODS/RESULTS We utilized 5XFAD transgenic mice and found age-dependent upregulation of AβPP in astrocytes demonstrated with astrocytic reactive properties, which followed appearance of amyloid plaques in the brain. We also observed that AβPP proteins presented well-defined punctate immuno reactivity in young animals, whereas AβPP staining showed disrupted structures surrounding amyloid plaques in older mice. Moreover, we utilized astrocyte cell models and showed that pretreatment of Aβ42 resulted in downstream astrocyte autonomous changes, including up regulation in AβPP and BACE1 levels, as well as prolonged amyloidogenesis that could be reduced by pharmacological inhibition of BACE1. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results show that age-dependent AβPP up regulation in astrocytes is a key feature in AD, which will not only provide novel insights for understanding AD progression, but also may offer new therapeutic strategies for treating AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxia Liang
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Frank Raven
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Joseph F Ward
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Sherri Zhen
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Siyi Zhang
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Haoqi Sun
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean J Miller
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Se Hoon Choi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Can Zhang
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Issar T, Tummanapalli SS, Borire AA, Kwai NCG, Poynten AM, Arnold R, Markoulli M, Krishnan AV. Impact of the metabolic syndrome on peripheral nerve structure and function in type 2 diabetes. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:2074-2082. [PMID: 33682297 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is a strong association between the metabolic syndrome in diabetes and the development of peripheral neuropathy; however, the pathophysiological mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS Participants with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (T2DM/MetS, n = 89) and type 2 diabetes alone (T2DM; n = 59) underwent median nerve ultrasound and excitability studies to assess peripheral nerve structure and function. A subset of T2DM/MetS (n = 24) and T2DM (n = 22) participants underwent confocal microscopy to assess central and inferior whorl corneal nerve structure. Neuropathy severity was assessed using the modified Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score (mTCNS). Diabetes groups were similar for age, sex distribution, diabetes duration, hemoglobin A1c , insulin treatment, and renal function. Sixty healthy controls similar for age and sex distribution were recruited for comparison. RESULTS Participants with T2DM/MetS manifested with a greater mTCNS compared to T2DM (p < 0.05). Median nerve cross-sectional area was larger in the T2DM/MetS group compared to the T2DM cohort (p < 0.05). Participants with T2DM/MetS had reductions in central (all p < 0.01) and inferior whorl (all p < 0.05) nerve measures. Compared to T2DM, the T2DM/MetS group demonstrated more severe changes in nerve excitability measures, which was due to reduced sodium channel permeability and sodium-potassium pump function. In comparison, only sodium channel permeability was reduced in the T2DM group. CONCLUSIONS Compared to participants with type 2 diabetes alone, those with diabetes and metabolic syndrome manifested greater alterations in peripheral nerve structure and function, which may be due to reduced function of the sodium-potassium pump.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Issar
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Adeniyi A Borire
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie C G Kwai
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Exercise Physiology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ann M Poynten
- Department of Endocrinology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ria Arnold
- Department of Exercise Physiology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Arun V Krishnan
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mijit M, Caston R, Gampala S, Fishel ML, Fehrenbacher J, Kelley MR. APE1/Ref-1 - One Target with Multiple Indications: Emerging Aspects and New Directions. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR SIGNALING 2021; 2:151-161. [PMID: 34557865 PMCID: PMC8457357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In the realm of DNA repair, base excision repair (BER) protein, APE1/Ref-1 (Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1/Redox Effector - 1, also called APE1) has been studied for decades. However, over the past decade, APE1 has been established as a key player in reduction-oxidation (redox) signaling. In the review by Caston et al. (The multifunctional APE1 DNA repair-redox signaling protein as a drug target in human disease), multiple roles of APE1 in cancer and other diseases are summarized. In this Review, we aim to expand on the contributions of APE1 to various diseases and its effect on disease progression. In the scope of cancer, more recent roles for APE1 have been identified in cancer cell metabolism, as well as chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and inflammation. Outside of cancer, APE1 signaling may be a critical factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is also an emergent area of investigation in retinal ocular diseases. The ability of APE1 to regulate multiple transcription factors (TFs) and therefore multiple pathways that have implications outside of cancer, makes it a particularly unique and enticing target. We discuss APE1 redox inhibitors as a means of studying and potentially combating these diseases. Lastly, we examine the role of APE1 in RNA metabolism. Overall, this article builds on our previous review to elaborate on the roles and conceivable regulation of important pathways by APE1 in multiple diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Mijit
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Rachel Caston
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Silpa Gampala
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Melissa L. Fishel
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jill Fehrenbacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mark R. Kelley
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to Mark R. Kelley;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yanik BM, Dauch JR, Cheng HT. Interleukin-10 Reduces Neurogenic Inflammation and Pain Behavior in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes. J Pain Res 2020; 13:3499-3512. [PMID: 33402846 PMCID: PMC7778525 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s264136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Neurogenic inflammation is a major component of chronic neuropathic pain. Previously, we established the db/db mouse as an animal model of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) of type 2 diabetes. In the current study, we investigate the roles of interleukin (IL)-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in the development of neurogenic inflammation and pain behavior in db/db mouse. Materials and Methods We first studied IL-10 expression in lumbar dorsal root ganglion (LDRG) neurons of db/db mice using immunohistochemistry, immunoblots, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction during the period of pain behavior (from 8 to 16 wk of age). To determine if the reduced IL-10 expression mediates the mechanical allodynia in db/db mice, we administered recombinant mouse IL-10 or saline (control) intraperitoneally to control db/+ and db/db mice starting at 8 wk of age. IL-10 treatment was repeated every other day for 2 wk until the mice reached 10 wk of age. Results During the period of pain behavior, reduction of IL-10 protein and gene expression was detected in LDRG of db/db mice. Treatment with recombinant IL-10, from 8 to 10 wk of age, alleviates pain behaviors in db/db mice without affecting other diabetic parameters. In parallel, IL-10 treatment reduced the upregulation of nerve growth factor (NGF), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and high-affinity NGF receptor (Trk A) in LDRG, as well as the numbers of iNOS-positive Langerhans cells and CD-68-positive dermal dendritic cells in the hind-foot-pad skin in db/db mice. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the reduction in neuronal IL-10 increases inflammatory phenomena, ultimately contributing to PDN. These results suggest that the dysregulation of cytokine-mediated inflammation contributes to the development of PDN in db/db mice. Targeting this pathophysiologic mechanism could be an effective approach for treating PDN in type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Yanik
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jacqueline R Dauch
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hsinlin T Cheng
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gonçalves dos Santos G, Delay L, Yaksh TL, Corr M. Neuraxial Cytokines in Pain States. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3061. [PMID: 32047493 PMCID: PMC6997465 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-intensity potentially tissue-injuring stimulus generates a homotopic response to escape the stimulus and is associated with an affective phenotype considered to represent pain. In the face of tissue or nerve injury, the afferent encoding systems display robust changes in the input-output function, leading to an ongoing sensation reported as painful and sensitization of the nociceptors such that an enhanced pain state is reported for a given somatic or visceral stimulus. Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this non-linear processing of nociceptive stimuli has led to our appreciation of the role played by the functional interactions of neural and immune signaling systems in pain phenotypes. In pathological states, neural systems interact with the immune system through the actions of a variety of soluble mediators, including cytokines. Cytokines are recognized as important mediators of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, supporting system sensitization and the development of a persistent pathologic pain. Cytokines can induce a facilitation of nociceptive processing at all levels of the neuraxis including supraspinal centers where nociceptive input evokes an affective component of the pain state. We review here several key proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and explore their underlying actions at four levels of neuronal organization: (1) peripheral nociceptor termini; (2) dorsal root ganglia; (3) spinal cord; and (4) supraspinal areas. Thus, current thinking suggests that cytokines by this action throughout the neuraxis play key roles in the induction of pain and the maintenance of the facilitated states of pain behavior generated by tissue injury/inflammation and nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauriane Delay
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tony L. Yaksh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Maripat Corr
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liang Y, Zhang Z, Juan Z, Zhang R, Zhang C. The high-affinity IgG receptor FcγRI modulates peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain in rats. Mol Brain 2019; 12:83. [PMID: 31640731 PMCID: PMC6805563 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0499-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fc gamma receptor I (FcγRI; CD64) is the high-affinity receptor of the immunoglobulin G protein (IgG). It is usually expressed in immune cells and has recently been identified to distribute in the nervous system and play critical roles in various neurological disorders. Presently, the impacts of FcγRI in neuropathic pain was largely unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the impacts of FcγRI in neuropathic pain through pain-related neurobehavioral studies and underlying mechanisms by biochemical methods in animal and cell models. Specifically, we first utilized the chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model that displayed neuropathic pain related symptoms and signs, including thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. These neurobehavioral defects were significantly attenuated by the anti-FcγRI antibody, which was associated with reduced levels of neuropeptide substance P, C3, and TNF-α. Furthermore, we validated our animal findings using the embryonically neural crest-originated PC12 cell model. We found that stimulation of the IgG immune complex led to increased levels of FcγRI and inflammatory mediators, which were attenuated by the anti-FcγRI antibody in these cells. Collectively, our results from animal and cell-based studies suggest that FcγRI is a critical player for peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain by mediating pain-related immunological events, which therefore may provide a new therapeutic target for protection against chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxia Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.,Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Shouguang People's Hospital, Weifang, 262700, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaodong Juan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Varrassi G, Alon E, Bagnasco M, Lanata L, Mayoral-Rojals V, Paladini A, Pergolizzi JV, Perrot S, Scarpignato C, Tölle T. Towards an Effective and Safe Treatment of Inflammatory Pain: A Delphi-Guided Expert Consensus. Adv Ther 2019; 36:2618-2637. [PMID: 31485978 PMCID: PMC6822819 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-019-01053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical management of inflammatory pain requires an optimal balance between effective analgesia and associated safety risks. To date, mechanisms associated with inflammatory pain are not completely understood because of their complex nature and the involvement of both peripheral and central mechanisms. This Expert Consensus document is intended to update clinicians about evolving areas of clinical practice and/or available treatment options for the management of patients with inflammatory pain. METHOD An international group of experts in pain management covering the pharmacology, neurology and rheumatology fields carried out an independent qualitative systematic literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. RESULTS Existing guidelines for pain management provide recommendations that do not satisfactorily address the complex nature of pain. To achieve optimal outcomes, drug choices should be individualized to guarantee the best match between the characteristics of the patient and the properties of the medication. NSAIDs represent an important prescribing choice in the management of inflammatory pain, and the recent results on paracetamol question its appropriate use in clinical practice, raising the need for re-evaluation of the recommendations in the clinical practice guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Increasing clinicians' knowledge of the available pharmacologic options to treat different pain mechanisms offers the potential for safe, individualized treatment decisions. We hope that it will help implement the needed changes in the management of inflammatory pain by providing the best strategies and new insights to achieve the ultimate goal of managing the disease and obtaining optimal benefits for patients. FUNDING Dompé Farmaceutici SPA and Paolo Procacci Foundation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giustino Varrassi
- Paolo Procacci Foundation, Rome, Italy.
- President of World Institute of Pain (WIP), Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Eli Alon
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michela Bagnasco
- Medical Affairs Department, Dompé Farmaceutici SpA, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Lanata
- Medical Affairs Department, Dompé Farmaceutici SpA, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Serge Perrot
- Descartes University and Cochin-Hotel Dieu Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sasso S, Sampaio E Souza PC, Santana LF, Cardoso CAL, Alves FM, Portugal LC, de Faria BB, da Silva AF, Motta-Castro ARC, Soares LS, Bandeira LM, Guimarães RDCA, Freitas KDC. Use of an Extract of Annona muricata Linn to Prevent High-Fat Diet Induced Metabolic Disorders in C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071509. [PMID: 31269728 PMCID: PMC6682994 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Annona muricata Linn, commonly known as graviola, is one of the most popular plants used in Brazil for weight loss. The aim of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effects of three different doses (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg) of aqueous graviola leaf extract (AGE) supplemented by oral gavage, on obese C57BL/6 mice. Food intake, body weight, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), an insulin sensitivity test, quantification of adipose tissue cytokines, weight of fat pads, and serum biochemical and histological analyses of the liver, pancreas, and epididymal adipose tissue were measured. AGE had an anti-inflammatory effect by increasing IL-10 at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. Regarding the cholesterol profile, there was a significant decrease in LDL-cholesterol levels in the AGE 150 group, and VLDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in the AGE 100 and 150 groups. There was an increase in HDL cholesterol in the AGE 150 group. The extract was able to reduce the adipocyte area of the epididymal adipose tissue in the AGE 100 and 150 groups. According to the histological analysis of the liver and pancreas, no significant difference was found among the groups. There were no significant effects of AGE on OGTT and serum fasting glucose concentration. However, the extract was effective in improving glucose tolerance in the AGE 150 group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandramara Sasso
- Posgraduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79070-900 Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Cristovam Sampaio E Souza
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79070-900 Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lidiani Figueiredo Santana
- Posgraduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79070-900 Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Flávio Macedo Alves
- Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79070-900 Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciane Candeloro Portugal
- Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79070-900 Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson Fernandes da Silva
- Posgraduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79070-900 Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita Coimbra Motta-Castro
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79070-900 Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Campo Grande, 79074-460 Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luana Silva Soares
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79070-900 Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Larissa Melo Bandeira
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79070-900 Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Posgraduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79070-900 Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karine de Cássia Freitas
- Posgraduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79070-900 Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mangus LM, Rao DB, Ebenezer GJ. Intraepidermal Nerve Fiber Analysis in Human Patients and Animal Models of Peripheral Neuropathy: A Comparative Review. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 48:59-70. [PMID: 31221022 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319855969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) in skin biopsy samples has become a standard clinical tool for diagnosing peripheral neuropathies in human patients. Compared to sural nerve biopsy, skin biopsy is safer, less invasive, and can be performed repeatedly to facilitate longitudinal assessment. Intraepidermal nerve fiber analysis is also more sensitive than conventional nerve histology or electrophysiological tests for detecting damage to small-diameter sensory nerve fibers. The techniques used for IENF analysis in humans have been adapted for large and small animal models and successfully used in studies of diabetic neuropathy, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, HIV-associated sensory neuropathy, among others. Although IENF analysis has yet to become a routine end point in nonclinical safety testing, it has the potential to serve as a highly relevant indicator of sensory nerve fiber status in neurotoxicity studies, as well as development of neuroprotective and neuroregenerative therapies. Recently, there is also interest in the evaluation of IENF via skin biopsy as a biomarker of small fiber neuropathy in the regulatory setting. This article provides an overview of the anatomic and pathophysiologic principles behind IENF analysis, its use as a diagnostic tool in humans, and applications in animal models with focus on comparative methodology and considerations for study design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Mangus
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deepa B Rao
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Gigi J Ebenezer
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Elzinga S, Murdock BJ, Guo K, Hayes JM, Tabbey MA, Hur J, Feldman EL. Toll-like receptors and inflammation in metabolic neuropathy; a role in early versus late disease? Exp Neurol 2019; 320:112967. [PMID: 31145897 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.112967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathy is a common, morbid complication of the metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and diabetes. Recent studies have indicated a potential role for the immune system in the development of neuropathy. In particular, toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 have been linked to metabolic dysfunction, and blocking TLR4 is proposed as a treatment for neuropathic pain. In the current study, we investigated the role of the immune system, particularly TLRs 2 and 4, in the pathogenesis and progression of neuropathy. Sural or sciatic nerve gene expression arrays from humans and murine neuropathy models of prediabetes and diabetes were first analyzed to identify differentially expressed TLR2- and TLR4-associated genes within the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) database. We observed that genes associated with TLRs 2 and 4, particularly lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LPB) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta (PIK3CB), were dysregulated across species and across multiple murine models of prediabetic and diabetic neuropathy. To further understand the role of these pathways in vivo, TLR 2 and 4 global knockout mice placed on a 60% high fat diet (HFD-TLR2/4-/-) were compared with wild type (WT) mice on a high fat diet (HFD-WT) and WT controls on a standard diet (CON). Mice then underwent metabolic, neuropathic, and immunological phenotyping at two time points to assess the impact of TLR signaling on neuropathy and immunity during metabolic dysfunction over time. We found that HFD-TLR2/4-/- and HFD-WT mice weighed more than CON mice but did not have increased fasting blood glucose levels. Despite normal blood glucose levels, HFD-TLR2/4-/- mice eventually developed neuropathy at the later time point (28 wks of age) but were somewhat protected from neuropathy at the early time point (16 wks of age) as measured by shorter hind paw withdraw latencies. This is in contrast to HFD-WT mice which developed neuropathy within 11 wks of being placed on a high fat diet and were neuropathic by all measures at both the early and late time points. Finally, we immunophenotyped all three mouse groups at the later time point and found differences in the number of peripheral blood Ly6C-myeloid cells as well as F4/80+ expression. These results indicate that TLR signaling influences early development of neuropathy in sensory neurons, potentially via immune modulation and recruitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Elzinga
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - B J Murdock
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - J M Hayes
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M A Tabbey
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - E L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liang YX, Wang NN, Zhang ZY, Juan ZD, Zhang C. Necrostatin-1 Ameliorates Peripheral Nerve Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain by Inhibiting the RIP1/RIP3 Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:211. [PMID: 31156396 PMCID: PMC6529821 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrostatin-1 is an inhibitor of necroptosis, a form of programmed cell death that has been reported to be involved in various neurological diseases. Presently, the role of necroptosis in neuropathic pain induced by peripheral nerve injury is still unclear. This study was focused on investigating the potential effects of necroptosis in the development and progression of neuropathic pain in a rat model and the possible neuroprotective effects of necrostatin-1 in neuropathic pain. The results indicated that the necroptosis-related proteins RIP1 and RIP3 significantly increased postoperation in the spinal cord in a neuropathic pain model and peaked 7 days postoperation, which was consistent with the time-dependent changes of hyperalgesia. Additionally, we found that peripheral nerve injury-related behavioral and biochemical changes were significantly reduced by necrostatin-1. In particular, hyperalgesia was attenuated, and the levels of RIP1 and RIP3 were decreased. Furthermore, the ultrastructure of necrotic cell death and neuroinflammation were alleviated by necrostatin-1. Collectively, these results suggest that necroptosis is an important mechanism of cell death in neuropathic pain induced by peripheral nerve injury and that necrostatin-1 may be a promising neuroprotective treatment for neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xia Liang
- Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Nan-Nan Wang
- Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Zhang
- Department of Microsurgery, Shouguang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Zhao-Dong Juan
- Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shillo P, Sloan G, Greig M, Hunt L, Selvarajah D, Elliott J, Gandhi R, Wilkinson ID, Tesfaye S. Painful and Painless Diabetic Neuropathies: What Is the Difference? Curr Diab Rep 2019; 19:32. [PMID: 31065863 PMCID: PMC6505492 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-019-1150-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications are increasing to epidemic proportions. This will unfortunately result in massive increases in diabetic distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DPN) and its troublesome sequelae, including disabling neuropathic pain (painful-DPN), which affects around 25% of patients with diabetes. Why these patients develop neuropathic pain, while others with a similar degree of neuropathy do not, is not clearly understood. This review will look at recent advances that may shed some light on the differences between painful and painless-DPN. RECENT FINDINGS Gender, clinical pain phenotyping, serum biomarkers, brain imaging, genetics, and skin biopsy findings have been reported to differentiate painful- from painless-DPN. Painful-DPN seems to be associated with female gender and small fiber dysfunction. Moreover, recent brain imaging studies have found neuropathic pain signatures within the central nervous system; however, whether this is the cause or effect of the pain is yet to be determined. Further research is urgently required to develop our understanding of the pathogenesis of pain in DPN in order to develop new and effective mechanistic treatments for painful-DPN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallai Shillo
- Diabetes Research Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2JF UK
| | - Gordon Sloan
- Diabetes Research Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2JF UK
| | - Marni Greig
- Diabetes Research Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2JF UK
| | - Leanne Hunt
- Diabetes Research Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2JF UK
| | - Dinesh Selvarajah
- Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jackie Elliott
- Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rajiv Gandhi
- Diabetes Research Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2JF UK
| | | | - Solomon Tesfaye
- Diabetes Research Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2JF UK
- Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Eizadi M, Laleh B, Khorshidi D. THE EFFECT OF AEROBIC TRAINING WITH DIFFERENCE DURATIONS ON SERUM IL-10 IN MIDDLE-AGED OBESE FEMALES. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2018; 14:563-569. [PMID: 31149314 PMCID: PMC6516410 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2018.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Regular training program is recognized to play a key role in chronic low-grade inflammation in obese patients. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a continued aerobic training on serum Interleukine-10 (IL-10) as anti-inflammatory cytokine in obese women. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Thirty non-trained obese women aged 30-40 years with BMI 30-36 (kg/m2) participated in the study and divided into exercise (n=15) and control groups. Exercise subjects completed a 6 weeks aerobic training at 60-75% of heart rate max and continued to 12 weeks. Anthropometrical markers and fasting blood samples were collected of all subjects at pre, mid (6 weeks) and post training (12 weeks) for measuring serum IL-10. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Significance was accepted at P<0.05. RESULTS At baseline (pre training), there were no differences in the age, body weight and other anthropometrical indexes also in serum IL-10 between the two groups (p>0.05). Six and 12 weeks of aerobic training resulted in a significant decrease in body weight and other anthropometrical indexes and a significant increase in IL-10 compared to baseline (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed in serum IL-10 between 6 and 12 weeks aerobic training (p=0.361). There were no changes in all variables in the Control group (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Based on this data we concluded that anti-inflammatory effects of long term aerobic training can be attributed in part to IL-10 but further studies over other markers of inflammatory profile are necessary in order to sustain the anti-inflammatory effect of aerobic training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Eizadi
- Islamic Azad University, Central Secretariat, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - B. Laleh
- Islamic Azad University, Department of Exercise Physiology, Saveh Branch, Saveh, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - D. Khorshidi
- Islamic Azad University, Eslamshahr Branch, Islamic Republic of Iran
| |
Collapse
|