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Aboagye RG, Mohammed A, Duodu PA, Adnani QES, Seidu AA, Ahinkorah BO. Sex-related inequalities in current cigarette smoking among adolescents in Africa. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2024; 19:41. [PMID: 39237953 PMCID: PMC11375970 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-024-00619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Risky behaviours, including tobacco use, are highly prevalent among adolescents worldwide. Although these behaviours are largely influenced by various sociodemographic factors, including sex, there is a paucity of regionally representative literature on the sex-related inequalities in cigarette smoking among adolescents in Africa. This study examined the sex-based disparities in current cigarette smoking among adolescents aged 13-15 years in Africa. METHODS The present study employed a secondary analysis of nationally representative data on 45 African countries obtained from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, accessible through the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Observatory. We used the online version of the WHO Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) to generate the results. RESULTS The prevalence of current cigarette smoking among the adolescents surveyed ranged from 1.6% in Eritrea to 10.4% in Mali among the low-income countries, from 1.3% in Tanzania to 13.1% in Mauritania among the lower-middle-income countries, from 5.2% in Gabon to 15.3% in Mauritius among the upper-middle-income countries, and 14.7% in Seychelles, the only high-income country in the study. The absolute summary measure (D) showed diverse sex-related disparities in the burden of current cigarette smoking among adolescents across the sub-regions. In all countries surveyed, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was higher among male adolescents compared to females, except in Liberia and Mozambique, where female adolescents bore a more significant burden than their male counterparts. Furthermore, male adolescents were more burdened with high cigarette smoking prevalence than females in low-income countries such as Mali, Madagascar, Guinea, Burkina Faso, and The Gambia, where such disparities were most pronounced. Meanwhile, we found less disparity in the burden of cigarette smoking between male and female adolescents in most of the lower and upper-middle-income countries surveyed. CONCLUSION This study sheds light on the sex-based inequalities in the prevalence of current cigarette smoking among adolescents in Africa. In contrast to female adolescents, male adolescents bear a greater burden of current cigarette smoking. The burden of cigarette smoking is most pronounced in low-income countries such as Mali, Madagascar, Guinea, Burkina Faso, and The Gambia. Conversely, in most of the lower and upper-middle-income countries surveyed, the burdens of current cigarette smoking among male and female adolescents were found to be less disparate. Consequently, cigarette smoking prevention programmes and strategies must be implemented in all African nations. There is also the need to intensify interventions aimed at altering the smoking behaviour of male adolescents. Policymakers can develop and implement evidence-based interventions to address the burden of cigarette smoking among the adolescents. Finally, existing policies and programmes addressing adolescents' cigarette smoking should be re-assessed and strengthened to achieve their objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gyan Aboagye
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- Department of Family and Community Health, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Hohoe, Ghana.
| | - Aliu Mohammed
- Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Precious Adade Duodu
- Department of Nursing, School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, England, UK
| | | | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
- REMS Consultancy Services, Takoradi, Western Region, Ghana
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- REMS Consultancy Services, Takoradi, Western Region, Ghana
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Daama A, Kisaka S, Mugamba S, Kyasanku E, Nalwoga GK, Kasango A, Bulamba R, Nkale JM, Nalugoda F, Nakigozi G, Kigozi G, Ndejjo R, Kagaayi J. Characterisation of Tobacco Use and its Associated Factors Among Older Youths in an Urban Setting: The Case of Wakiso, Uganda. East Afr Health Res J 2024; 8:256-263. [PMID: 39296771 PMCID: PMC11407119 DOI: 10.24248/eahrj.v8i2.788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tobacco smoking increases the risk of death from many diseases, including ischemic heart disease, cancer, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, and other fatal and non-fatal diseases. Efforts have been invested towards cessation of tobacco smoking among youths aged 18-35 years. However, population-based data is limited on tobacco smoking in Wakiso district among youths. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with tobacco smoking among youths aged 18-35 years in Wakiso district Uganda. Methods Data from a Population-based survey in Wakiso district collected between October 2019 and September 2020 were used to determine the prevalence of tobacco smoking and associated factors. A cross-sectional design was employed. This study used multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between tobacco smoking and various factors among youths aged (18-35) years in Wakiso district Uganda. Results A total of 1,092 participants were enrolled of whom 631(57.8%) were females. The mean age was 25.8 (SD=4.8) years. A total of 35 (3.2 %) reported current tobacco smoking while 64(5.9%) ever used tobacco. The mean age at smoking initiation was 20.6 (SD= 5.3) years. In the multivariable analysis, age groups 25-29 years (aOR= 3.66, [95% CI: 1.15, 11.65]) and 30-35 years (aOR= 4.26, [95% CI; 1.32, 13.72]) were more likely to smoke compared to those under 25 years). Other positively associated factors included alcohol users (aOR= 4.86, [95% CI: 2.01, 11.74]), HIV positive status (aOR= 5.43, [95% CI: 1.86, 15.86]), living with friends or relatives who smoke (aOR=9.93, [95% CI: 1.86, 15.86]), and being male (aOR=4.50 [95% CI; 1.82, 11.13]). Conclusion Overall tobacco smoking among youths aged 18-35 years is low compared to national prevalence of 9%. However, the focus should be on males, older youths, alcohol users, and HIV-positive youths including those living with friends or relatives who smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Daama
- Africa Medical & Behavioral Sciences Organization, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stevens Kisaka
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stephen Mugamba
- Africa Medical & Behavioral Sciences Organization, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Asani Kasango
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Robert Bulamba
- Africa Medical & Behavioral Sciences Organization, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Fred Nalugoda
- Africa Medical & Behavioral Sciences Organization, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Godfrey Kigozi
- Africa Medical & Behavioral Sciences Organization, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rawlance Ndejjo
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph Kagaayi
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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Badarch J, Batbaatar S, Paulik E. Risk factors of smoking among Mongolian adolescents. Singapore Med J 2024:00077293-990000000-00110. [PMID: 38779928 DOI: 10.4103/singaporemedj.smj-2021-044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Javzan Badarch
- Department of Dental Technology and Oral Hygiene, School of Dentistry, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Suvd Batbaatar
- Department of Environmental Health, National Center for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Edit Paulik
- Department of Public Health, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Aienobe-Asekharen C, Norris E, Martin W. A Scoping Review of Tobacco Control Health Communication in Africa: Moving towards Involving Young People. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:259. [PMID: 38541261 PMCID: PMC10970500 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21030259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Health communication has been highlighted as a cost-effective preventive intervention in Africa, where the prevalence of tobacco use is still relatively low compared to other World Health Organization (WHO) regions. This scoping review aimed to examine tobacco control health communication interventions in Africa. The review was guided by the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Data was extracted from 20 peer-reviewed papers, WHO Global Health Observatory on anti-tobacco mass-media campaigns for 54 African countries, and 6 WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control reports on Article 12. Data extraction informed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) data-extraction questions was used for peer-reviewed studies while a pre-determined template was used for the other sources. Narrative data synthesis informed by the JBI manual for evidence synthesis was employed. A lack of research that comprehensively addresses all areas of health communication and inconsistent use of health communication campaigns were identified. Only an average of 6 countries had ever implemented high-quality national mass-media campaigns in a decade, while an average of 33 countries consistently failed to conduct campaigns that lasted more than 3 weeks. Although the involvement of key populations was clearly vital to ensure content relevance and message clarity, a lack of health communication informed by young people was observed, as they rarely participated in key decision-making despite reportedly being the targets of interventions. Clear health communication for tobacco-use prevention informed by young people is lacking in African countries. Active participation of young people in developing targeted campaigns is needed to facilitate content relevance and comprehension to ultimately contribute to tobacco-use prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wendy Martin
- Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK; (C.A.-A.); (E.N.)
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Kurt ZK, Demir Hacıosmanoğlu G, Yıldırım M, Özaslan A. Adolescent smoking patterns: Associations with sociodemographic factors, cyberbullying, and psychiatric diagnoses in an outpatient clinical sample. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38165398 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2023.2299873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
There is a scarcity of research on smoking in adolescents within a clinical (outpatient) sample, and there is no existing knowledge on the relationship between cyberbullying and smoking in this population. The primary aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of smoking among adolescents in a clinical sample. Additionally, it aims to examine the potential associations between smoking status and factors such as socioeconomic characteristics, psychiatric diagnoses, and cyberbullying levels. A cross-sectional study was performed on 200 adolescents who visited a tertiary child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic. Participants were assessed using the DSM-5 based psychiatric evaluation, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version-DSM-5 Turkish Adaptation (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T), the Revised Cyber Bullying Inventory-II, and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. The study found that 21% of the sample consisted of regular smokers, with a higher prevalence observed among older adolescents. The prevalence of depression and disruptive behavior disorders was significantly greater in the smoking group compared to other groups (p:0.043, p < 0.001, respectively). There was a significant difference in the scores for the cyberbullying bully subdimension among smokers (p = 0.013). The results of the multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated significant associations between smoking and age, maternal smoking status, friends smoking status, and a diagnosis of disruptive behavior disorder (p < 0.05 for all variables). This study reveals a significant prevalence of adolescent smoking in an outpatient clinic. These findings highlight the necessity of implementing focused smoking cessation interventions for this specific population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Kübra Kurt
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Murat Yıldırım
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, Turkey
- Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmet Özaslan
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
- Child Protection Research and Application Center, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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MOUTAWAKKIL SG, EL-AMMARI A, EL MALKI H, RAGALA MEA, EL RHAZI K, ZARROUQ B. Prevalence of Tobacco Products' Use and Associated Factors Among Adolescents in Morocco: A Systematic Review. SUBSTANCE USE : RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2024; 18:29768357241272370. [PMID: 39175911 PMCID: PMC11339743 DOI: 10.1177/29768357241272370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Tobacco use is the major preventable cause of premature death worldwide, responsible for about 8 million deaths per year, mostly in low- and middle-income countries, such as Morocco. Adolescents' tobacco use is a matter of concern, because early initiation increases the risk of becoming a lifelong user. There exists a notable gap in the synthesis of evidence concerning tobacco use among Moroccan adolescents. Thus, the purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive view of the prevalence of tobacco products' use and associated factors among adolescents in Morocco. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect for relevant studies reporting prevalence rates of tobacco products' use among Moroccan adolescents, published until June 2024, using inclusion and exclusion criteria in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Additional searches were completed on other sources to reach unpublished reports. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess the quality of included studies. Results After the final screening, 22 papers met the inclusion criteria. Life-time prevalence of tobacco use ranged from 7.8% to 20.4% for cigarettes smoking, from 10.6% to 21.9% for waterpipe, from 7.9% to 9.1% for chewing tobacco and from 9.2% to 12.4% for snuff. The last 12-month prevalence of cigarette smoking was comprised between 6.9% and 10.8%. As for the prevalence of current use, ranges of (1.8%-16.4%) and (4.9%-8.4%) were noted for cigarettes and waterpipe, respectively. The most commonly highlighted risk factors for tobacco use included male sex, older age, having friends or family members who use tobacco and low perception of risk associated with tobacco use. Conclusion Our findings reveal an alarming situation of tobacco use among Moroccan adolescents. Therefore, it is crucial that all stakeholders engage in concerted efforts to develop and implement evidence-based preventive interventions among early adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Ghofrane MOUTAWAKKIL
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abdelfettah EL-AMMARI
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Hicham EL MALKI
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Amine RAGALA
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
- Department of Biology and Geology, Teacher’s Training College (Ecole Normale Supérieure), Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Karima EL RHAZI
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Btissame ZARROUQ
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
- Department of Biology and Geology, Teacher’s Training College (Ecole Normale Supérieure), Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
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Ahmed S, Nimonkar RA, Sharma V, Pardal MPS, Rajiva K. Study of the prevalence of tobacco consumption among apparently healthy adult males in an urban area. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:3298-3303. [PMID: 38361906 PMCID: PMC10866258 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_872_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Keeping in view the role of tobacco consumption as a modifiable risk factor in various diseases and gaps in scientific knowledge among the apparently healthy adult male population in India, the researchers chose to undertake this study. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among apparently healthy adult males employed in various government offices to determine the prevalence of tobacco consumption. The minimum sample size to estimate a 95% confidence interval for the prevalence of tobacco consumption with 5% absolute precision was calculated to be 340. However, 500 subjects were included in the study. The tool used for data collection was the "personal interview technique." Standard statistical methods were utilized for data analysis. Results The overall mean age (standard deviation (SD)) of the study subjects was 30.96 yrs (4.32). Overall, the mean (SD) of number of years of tobacco use was 5.64 years (1.98). The mean (SD) of number of cigarettes smoked per day was 6.36 (3.09). The prevalence of current smokers showed a statistically significant increase from the age groups of 20-29 yrs to 50-59 yrs (P < 0.001). All subjects in the study were able to name at least three harmful effects of tobacco consumption. The overall mean amount spent on tobacco consumption per month was Rs 536.97 (1.44% of basic salary). Overall, the most common reason for smoking was peer pressure, where 40 (93.02%) gave this reason. Of forty-three tobacco users, 27 (62.79%) expressed a desire to quit tobacco consumption. The most common reason for expressing a desire to quit tobacco was the ill effects of tobacco consumption, where 23 (85.18%) tobacco users gave this reason. Conclusion Our study on the prevalence of tobacco consumption among government employees provides an adequately clear picture of this public health epidemic in India. There is an immediate need for target group-specific policies for tobacco control, which should be integrated with the relevant national health programs at all levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafique Ahmed
- Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical Services, India
| | - Ravi A. Nimonkar
- Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical Services, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Armed Forces Medical Services, India
| | | | - K. Rajiva
- Consultant Full Time and Chief Medical Officer, Tehri Hill Development Corporation, Uttarakhand, India
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Fagbule OF, Egbe CO, Ayo-Yusuf OA. Tobacco Vendors' Perceptions and Compliance with Tobacco Control Laws in Nigeria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7054. [PMID: 37998285 PMCID: PMC10671655 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20227054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco vendors are critical stakeholders in the tobacco supply chain. This study examined their perception, compliance, and potential economic impact of Nigeria's tobacco control laws related to the retail setting. This was a qualitative study involving in-depth interviews of 24 purposively selected tobacco vendors. The face-to-face interviews were aided by a semi-structured interview guide, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis with NVivo version 12. Five themes emerged, encompassing reasons for selling tobacco, awareness, perception, compliance with tobacco sales laws, the potential economic impact of the laws, and law enforcement activities. Vendors commenced tobacco sales due to consumers' demand, profit motives, and advice from close family relatives. They were unaware and non-compliant with most of the retail-related laws. Most participants had positive perceptions about the ban on sales to and by minors, were indifferent about the ban on Tobacco Advertising Promotion and Sponsorships (TAPS) and product display, and had negative perceptions about the ban on sales of single sticks. Most vendors stated quitting tobacco sales would not have a serious economic impact on their business. In conclusion, the vendors demonstrated limited awareness and non-compliance with various retail-oriented tobacco control laws in Nigeria. Addressing these gaps requires targeted educational campaigns and effective law enforcement strategies to enhance vendors' compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omotayo F Fagbule
- Department of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200212, Nigeria
| | - Catherine O Egbe
- Department of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- Mental Health, Alcohol, Substance Use and Tobacco Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Olalekan A Ayo-Yusuf
- Africa Centre for Tobacco Industry Monitoring and Policy Research (ATIM), School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Okonta KE, Baiyewu LA, Jimoh MA. Lung Cancer in Nigeria. J Thorac Oncol 2023; 18:1446-1457. [PMID: 37879766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelechi E Okonta
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Port Harcourt and University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
| | - Lateef A Baiyewu
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mutiu A Jimoh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Oyibo P, Umuerri EM, Okumagba MT, Oyibo IA. Sociodemographic predictors of non-communicable diseases risk-related knowledge and behaviours: a cross-sectional study of in-school adolescents in a southern Nigerian State. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 45:184. [PMID: 38054025 PMCID: PMC10695184 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.45.184.37654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction the adolescence period is a significant phase in development of non-communicable diseases. Public health interventions that reduce risky behaviors among adolescents are beneficial across the life course. This study assessed the level of non-communicable diseases (NCDs´) risk-related knowledge, the prevalence of NCDs´ risk behavior, and the sociodemographic predictors of NCDs´ risk-related knowledge and behaviors among in-school adolescents in a Southern Nigerian State. Methods a cross-sectional study design was employed to assess the NCDs´ risk-related knowledge and behaviors among a random multistage sample of 607 students age between 10 and 19 years. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire adapted from the WHO STEPS questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential analyses of data collected were carried out using the IBM SPSS version 22 software. Results the mean age of the students was 14.7 (SD=1.52) years, 57.2% (n=347) of which were females, and 42.8% (n=260) were males. The proportion of students with good overall NCDs risk-related knowledge was 22.7% (n=138). Age, place of residence, family's socioeconomic status, and mother's level of education were significant sociodemographic predictors of good overall NCD risk-related knowledge. Among the students, 66.2% (n=402) self-report inadequate physical activity, 65.7% (n=399) self-report consumption of unhealthy diets, 29.2% (n=177) self-report current alcohol use, and 3.3% (n=20) self-report they were current cigarette smokers. Conclusion a significant proportion of the surveyed students had poor overall NCDs risk-related knowledge and engaged in NCDs risk behaviors. The relevant stakeholders concern with prevention of NCDs in government and non-governmental organizations should target adolescents in NCD control strategies in the study setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Oyibo
- Health Services Research and Management Division, School of Health and Psychological Sciences City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Ejiroghene Martha Umuerri
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | | | - Iyabo Aduke Oyibo
- Department of Pediatrics, Princess of Wales Hospital, Bridgend, United Kingdom
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Shomuyiwa DO, Bridge G. Oral health of adolescents in West Africa: prioritizing its social determinants. Glob Health Res Policy 2023; 8:28. [PMID: 37468980 PMCID: PMC10355062 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-023-00313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral health is a major public health issue in West Africa, yet it has gotten little attention. Individual and group disparities in health status are influenced by social determinants of health (SDH), which also affect oral health. Adolescence is a significant transition into adulthood, a time when the SDH can contribute to lifelong health status. This article explored the SDH associated with oral health behaviour, perception, and oral health development amongst adolescents in West Africa. This article engaged articles published in peer-reviewed journals relating to adolescents' oral health and West Africa. The authors undertook this desk review to determine the social determinants of adolescents' oral health in West Africa. The literacy levels and oral health awareness of adolescents, family and social circle influences, socioeconomic status, nutritional levels, and cultural and environmental factors have been identified as important social determinants. Adequate policy implementation with the integration of oral health in schools' curriculum, health systems reorientation with the adoption of oral health delivery in primary health care and expansion in oral health research with the assessment of cultural influences on oral health development have been recommended as interventions to reduce oral health inequalities in West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gemma Bridge
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Odukoya O, Ladapo O, Okafor I, Osibogun O, Okuyemi K. Exposure to tobacco advertisements, promotions, and sponsorships among in-school adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria: A cross-sectional study. Ann Afr Med 2023; 22:333-339. [PMID: 37417022 PMCID: PMC10445717 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_76_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Nigerian government implemented the National Tobacco Control Act (NTCA) in 2015, which prohibits tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship (TAPS) exposure to children under 18 years of age. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of attitudes and exposure to TAPS among in-school adolescents in Lagos State, Nigeria, 5 years after the implementation of the Act and to identify the factors associated with TAPS exposure among the adolescents. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 968 in-school adolescents selected through multistage random sampling. The data were collected using self-administered questionnaires adapted from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Results Overall, 77% had been exposed to at least one form of TAPS in the past 30 days. The most frequently reported channel of exposure was through product placements, with 62% reporting exposure in films, TV, and videos. Up to 15.2% and 12.6% were exposed to TAPS through promotional activities and sponsorships, respectively. The majority (82.3%) had pro-tobacco attitudes, while about a third (33.1%) had pro-TAPS attitudes. Factors associated with TAPS exposure were having pro-TAPS attitudes (odds ratio [OR]: 3.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3-5.3), being female (OR: 2, 95% CI: 1.4-2.7), and residing in a rural area (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2-2.3). Conclusion Five years after implementing the NTCA, more than two-thirds of the adolescents reported exposure to TAPS, mainly through films, TV, and videos. This suggests that the NTCA is poorly enforced. Efforts to ensure the effective implementation of comprehensive TAPS bans are warranted. Gender-sensitive strategies that target adolescents' attitudes and school-level factors should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwakemi Odukoya
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, Nigeria
| | - Olamide Ladapo
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma Okafor
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olatokunbo Osibogun
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kolawole Okuyemi
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, Nigeria
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Nkodia AJ, Tsiobinda BE, Antaon JSS, Missongo SR, Tienkeu PDN, Milandou CHD. [Prevalence and factors associated with smoking among adults living in the Moungali district of Brazzaville in 2021]. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 43:6. [PMID: 36284884 PMCID: PMC9557804 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.43.6.34180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction tobacco epidemic is a real public health problem in the world and in Africa. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and identify factors associated with smoking among adults living in the Moungali district. Methods we conducted a cross-sectional analytical study of 800 adults. Two-stage random sampling was used to select subjects in the Moungali district, Brazzaville, in September 2021. Binary logistic regression using the ascending stepwise method allowed identification of the associated factors. The adjustment of the model was verified by the Hosmer Lomeshow test. Data were collected via the Kobo collect V1.30.1 app. and analyzed with the Stata 15.0 software. Results smoking prevalence was 4.63%, 95% CI [3.37-6.31]. Males (AOR=8.36 95% CI [3.74-18.72], p-value < 0.0001), alcohol consumption (AOR=2.6 95% CI [1.11-6.11], p-value = 0.028), and professional activity (formal or informal sector) (AOR=3.91 95% CI [1.16-13.11], p-value = 0.027) were factors significantly associated with smoking. Conclusion this study highlights that smoking is a stronger risk factor in men than in women. In addition, alcohol consumption and professional activity in the formal or informal sector are also factors associated with active smoking. Preventive actions focusing on these factors are necessary to effectively fight smoking in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadit Jeandria Nkodia
- Association Congolaise pour la Santé publique et Communautaire, Brazzaville, République du Congo,,Corresponding author: Arkadit Jeandria Nkodia, Association Congolaise pour la Santé publique et Communautaire, Brazzaville, République du Congo.
| | | | | | - Steven Richy Missongo
- Association Congolaise pour la Santé publique et Communautaire, Brazzaville, République du Congo
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Kanmodi KK, Fagbule OF, Ogbeide ME, Ogunniyi KE, Isola TO, Samuel VO, Aliemeke EO, Adewuyi HO. Knowledge of senior secondary school students in Nigeria about Head and Neck Cancer: Implications on prevention strategies. Malawi Med J 2022; 34:162-169. [PMID: 36406094 PMCID: PMC9641603 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v34i3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The high prevalence of the risk factors of head and neck cancer (HNC) amongst senior secondary (high) school students in Nigeria is an issue of serious public health concern. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge of HNC among them. Methods This cross-sectional study surveyed 2,530 senior secondary school students in Nigeria, assessed their knowledge of HNC, using a self-administered questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using the SPSS version 25 software. Results The mean (±SD) age of the respondents was 16.34 (±2.0) years. More than half (1418; 56.6%) of them were males, 530 (20.9%) were schooling in the north-central geopolitical zone of Nigeria, 1,860 (73.5%) were in public schools, 554 (21.9%) were boarding students, and 817 (33.5%) were in Senior Secondary (SS) 3 class. Only 789 (31.2%) respondents were aware of HNC, out of which: 69.2% of them had below-average scores in their overall assessment on HNC; 256 (32.4%) had ever received education on HNC and 81.2% indicated a positive interest in knowing more about HNC. The factors predicting above-average score on knowledge about HNC among the respondents were: being in SS3 class (OR=1.73; 95% CI=1.17 - 2.56), having been educated about HNC (OR=1.69; 95%CI=1.21 - 2.35) and having the interest to know more about HNC (OR=1.88; 95%CI=1.21 - 2.92). Bivariate analysis showed that these factors had statistically significant association (or relationship) with above-average score on knowledge about HNC (pvalues<0.05). Conclusion Majority of the surveyed students were willing to know more about HNC. The use of a properly planned massive school-based HNC education programs may go a long way in educating this population group on HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Program, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Tobacco Research & Advocacy Group, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom, Mental and Oral Health Development Organization Inc, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Omotayo Francis Fagbule
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Program, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Tobacco Research & Advocacy Group, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Mental and Oral Health Development Organization Inc, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria, Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Mike Eghosa Ogbeide
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Program, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Tobacco Research & Advocacy Group, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria
| | - Kayode Emmanuel Ogunniyi
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Program, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Tobacco Research & Advocacy Group, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Department of Internal Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo Oyebamiji Isola
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Program, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Tobacco Research & Advocacy Group, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Victor Okpe Samuel
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Program, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Tobacco Research & Advocacy Group, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Onyemaechi Aliemeke
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Program, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Tobacco Research & Advocacy Group, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Habeeb Omoponle Adewuyi
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Program, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Tobacco Research & Advocacy Group, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Department of Guidance and Counseling, Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Effendi DE, Nugroho AP, Handayani S, Novita R, Purwoko S, Agustina ZA. Tobacco Consumption Among Young Population in Rural Indonesia: Prevalence and Associated Factors. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Tobacco consumption among youths is increasing in Indonesia and other middle-income countries. In rural areas, its prevalence is even higher compared to urban settings. Understanding the extent and associated factors of tobacco consumption within this population is essential to inform the formulation of appropriate prevention and control strategies.
Aims: This study aims at analyzing the prevalence and associated factors of tobacco consumption among the young population living in rural Indonesia.
Methods: Data were obtained from Indonesia Family Life Survey wave 5 (IFLS-5). A total of 2,786 responses from respondents aged 15-24 years and living in rural areas were taken into analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the association between tobacco consumption with the predictors.
Results: The prevalence of tobacco consumption among youths in rural Indonesia was 26.5%. Binary logistic regression discovered that factors significantly associated with tobacco consumption among young population were aged 20-24 years (AOR = 4.760, 95% CI: 3.557-6.368), less educated (AOR = 5.988, 95% CI: 3.193-11.229), being married (AOR = 2.484, 95% CI: 1.631- 3.782), and having smoking parent (AOR = 1.346, 95% CI: 1.016-1.783). Young males had a much higher tobacco use prevalence (57.1%). Whereas females had significant negative association with tobacco consumption (AOR = 0.001, 95% CI: 0.000-0.002).
Conclusion: A large portion of youth in rural Indonesia were identified to have tobacco-use behavior. Appropriate prevention and control strategies are needed to address the population groups identified in this study. Policymakers should anticipate challenges that may occur resulting from geographical and cultural differences.
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Adu AO, Ismail N, Noor SM. Motivators of impulsivity to smoke waterpipe tobacco among Nigerian youth who smoke waterpipe tobacco: the moderating role of social media normalisation of waterpipe tobacco. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1057. [PMID: 35619059 PMCID: PMC9135596 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity is a formidable cause of waterpipe tobacco smoking among youth, however, it is understudied among African youth. Using PRIME behavioural theory, this study aimed to develop a model that examines the motivators of impulsivity to smoke waterpipe tobacco in linkage to the moderating role of social media normalisation of waterpipe tobacco, specifically among youth in Nigeria who smoke waterpipe tobacco. METHODS Data were drawn from 695 respondents who smoke waterpipe tobacco across six Nigerian universities in the South-West zone using the chain-referral sampling procedure. Descriptive analyses of the obtained data were carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The constructs in the developed model were validated through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS version 3. RESULTS Among Nigerian youth who smoke waterpipe tobacco, intention (β = 0.442, P < 0.001) was the strongest motivator of impulsivity to smoke waterpipe tobacco as compared to positive evaluations (β = 0.302, P < 0.001). In addition, social media normalisation of waterpipe tobacco acted as a moderator that strengthened the relationship between intention and impulsivity (β = 0.287, P < 0.01), as well as, between positive evaluations and impulsivity (β = 0.186, P < 0.01) among youth. CONCLUSION Intention greatly instigates Nigerian youth's impulsivity to smoke waterpipe tobacco, and social media normalisation of waterpipe tobacco also considerably increases their impulsivity to smoke waterpipe tobacco. Youth-focused educational waterpipe tobacco cessation-oriented programmes that utilise diverse constructive-based learning approaches like illustrative learning and counselling, can help to enlighten and encourage Nigerian youth on the importance of shunning the desirability to smoke waterpipe tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nurzali Ismail
- School of Communication, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Shuhaida Md Noor
- School of Communication, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Kagee A. The need for psychosocial oncology research in sub-Saharan Africa: a review of the terrain. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00812463221093842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in many sub-Saharan African countries, but the field of psycho-oncology is underdeveloped. This article reviews the literature on psychosocial oncology in sub-Saharan African with a view to developing a research and practice agenda in the field. The search engines used were Google Scholar, Psych Info, Web of Science, and PubMed and articles were focused on but not limited to the past 10 years. The search terms were ‘Africa, psycho-oncology, psychosocial oncology, mental health, and cancer’. The review is structured as follows: cancer surveillance in sub-Saharan African, behavioural risk factors, cancer screening, and psychosocial issues related to various types of cancers. Psychological reactions in the context of cancer including adjustment, depression, and anxiety disorders are also discussed. It is suggested that sub-Saharan African countries require appropriate funding to support improved systems of surveillance and implementation of cancer registries. Public health and behavioural interventions are needed to increase the awareness of cervical cancer and preventive health-seeking behaviour among high-risk women. Restrictive laws on opioids need to be reconsidered and behavioural health campaigns to control obesity, limit salt intake, and increase awareness of the risks of ultra-violet light are necessary to reduce the incidence of various cancers. Psychosocial support is necessary to ameliorate depressed mood, anxiety, and anticipation and fear of death among persons living with cancer and their families in sub-Saharan Africa. To this end, the training of practitioners to strengthen psychosocial aspects of care, especially palliative care, is a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Kagee
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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18
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Jafari A, Mahdizadeh M, Peyman N, Gholian-Aval M, Tehrani H. Exploration the role of social, cultural and environmental factors in tendency of female adolescents to smoking based on the qualitative content analysis. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:38. [PMID: 35148756 PMCID: PMC8832822 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to explain the socio-cultural and environmental factors of smoking tendency in female adolescents. Methods This qualitative content analysis study was conducted among Iranian female adolescents in Mashhad, Iran. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 female smokers. The duration of each interview varies from 30 to 70 min. Data collection and management of data were done using MAXQADA software version 10. Results In exploration the effective socio-cultural and environmental factors in the tendency of female adolescents to smoking, six subcategories of role modeling of friends, membership in groups, parenting patterns, family modeling, the predisposing community, and the negative impact of the media were extracted. Conclusions The results obtained in this study indicated that there is a need to formulate policies and adopt environmental and social laws to reduce smoking. The results also showed the effective role of parents in improving personal skills, creating a stress-free environment in the family, and controlling adolescent behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to all social and cultural aspects in order to make the smoking prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Jafari
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Mehrsadat Mahdizadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nooshin Peyman
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholian-Aval
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Tehrani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Fagbule O, Kanmodi K, Samuel V, Isola T, Aliemeke E, Ogbeide M, Ogunniyi K, Nnyanzi L, Adewuyi H, Lawal F, Ibiyemi O. PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF CIGARETTE SMOKING AND ALCOHOL USE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NIGERIA. Ann Ib Postgrad Med 2021; 19:112-123. [PMID: 36159039 PMCID: PMC9484315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette and alcohol use are the most common causes of noncommunicable diseases. Studies related to cigarette and alcohol use among Nigerian adolescents have shown increases in the habits and require urgent intervention. Nationally representative data is needed to develop effective national policies and interventions, but this is lacking. Hence, this study aimed to provide nationally representative empiric information about cigarette and alcohol use prevalence and predictors among Nigerian secondary school students. Methods This study included 2,530 Nigerian students in Nigeria from five of the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information about the participants' sociodemographic and school-based characteristics, cigarette and alcohol use status, and harm perception of tobacco and alcohol use. Data were analysed with SPSS version 25 at p<0.05. Results Participants' mean age (±SD) was 16.34 (±2.0) years. The prevalences (95%CI) for ever-cigarette and current-cigarette smoking were 11.1% (95%CI:9.9-12.4) and 8.4% (95%CI:7.3-9.5), respectively. While 21.0% (95%CI:19.4-22.7) and 15.6% (14.2-17.1) were the prevalences for lifetime and current alcohol use, respectively. The predictors of current cigarette smoking were studying in northern-Nigeria (aOR:1.94;95%CI:1.10-3.44), attending private-schools (aOR:1.56;95%CI:1.03-2.38), boarding-student (aOR:1.75;95% CI:1.15-2.69), male-gender (aOR:3.03; 95%CI:1.80-5.10), current alcohol use (aOR:12.50;95%CI:8.70-18.18), having no (aOR:2.59;95%CI:1.58-4.26) or low tobacco harm perception (aOR:2.04;95%CI:1.18-3.53). The predictors of current alcohol use were male (aOR:1.32; 95%CI:1.01-1.72) and current cigarette smoking (aOR:12.5;95%CI:8.77-17.86). Conclusion The prevalences of cigarette and alcohol use were high among Nigerian secondary school students, and both habits were strongly associated. Their predictors were school-related factors, sociocultural characteristics, and tobacco harm perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- O.F. Fagbule
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria,Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - K.K. Kanmodi
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria,Medical Research Unit, Adonai Hospital, Karu, Nigeria,School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - V.O. Samuel
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - T.O. Isola
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - E.O. Aliemeke
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - M.E. Ogbeide
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria,Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria
| | - K.E. Ogunniyi
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria,Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - L.A. Nnyanzi
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - H.O. Adewuyi
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria,Department of Guidance and Counseling, Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - F.B. Lawal
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - O. Ibiyemi
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Helina M, Jayaputra NH, Palutturi S. Health Behavior of Adolescent Smokers During Covid-19 Pandemic. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: This research aims to determine the health behavior of adolescent smokers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHOD: Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted simultaneously using the design of “t” and Chi-square test through the distribution of questionnaires to 135 respondents as well as descriptive design and case studies, respectively. The data were collected by 13 informants through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation.
RESULTS: The results showed that 5 out of the 6 indicators of the demographic characteristics were correlated to the economic pressure of the families of adolescent smokers which also correlates with their health behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic.
CONCLUSION: The increase in the price of cigarettes and family control are measures that regulate children from buying cigarettes.
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Olumide AO, Shmueli A, Adebayo ES, Omotade OO. Economic costs of cigarette smoking among adolescents in Nigeria. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 30:1701-1712. [PMID: 35789784 PMCID: PMC9246810 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-021-01644-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoking is an established cause of preventable death and often initiated during adolescence. We estimated the short- and long-term costs of cigarette smoking among currently smoking adolescents in Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional survey among adolescents in Oyo state, Nigeria and a review of mortality records of patients managed for lung cancer in a tertiary facility in Ibadan, Nigeria were conducted. Short-term costs estimated were: (a) average weekly costs of purchasing cigarettes by currently smoking adolescents, and (b) costs of managing at least an episode of chronic cough occurring within 12 months of the survey. Long-term costs were limited to: (a) life-time expenditure on purchasing cigarettes, and (b) direct medical and non-medical (transportation) costs of managing lung cancer. Long-term costs were first projected to the approximate year when the adolescents (mean age:16.0 ± 1.8 years) might be diagnosed with lung cancer based on the average age at presentation with symptoms of lung cancer obtained from the records (59.8 years), and then discounted to 2020 prices. This was estimated as 44 years from the base year (2020). Costs were reported in 2020 prices in Nigerian Naira (NGN) and US dollar (USD) equivalent using the Central Bank of Nigeria, June 2020 exchange rate of USD 1: NGN 360.50. Results Approximately 3.8% of the adolescents were current cigarette smokers. Average weekly expenditure on cigarettes was NGN 306.82 ± 5.74 (USD 0.85 ± 0.02). About 26% had experienced at least an episode of chronic cough which cost them an average of NGN 1226.81 ± 6.18 (USD 3.40 ± 0.02) to manage. Total future costs of cigarette smoking in 2020 prices for the 43 adolescents who were current smokers in the event that they develop lung cancer were approximately NGN 175.7 million (USD 487.3 thousand), NGN 871.8 million (USD 2.4 million) and NGN 4.6 trillion (USD 12.7 million) at assumed annual inflation rates of 10%, 15%, and 20% respectively and discount rate of 4.25%. Conclusion The estimated economic costs of smoking were very high. Efforts to prevent smoking initiation among adolescents in our study area should be intensified. Interventions to subsidize the medical cost of health-related consequences of cigarette smoking are also required, especially as treatment costs are currently largely borne out-of-pocket. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10389-021-01644-5.
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Jafari A, Peyman N, Gholian-Aval M, Mahdizadeh M, Tehrani H. Design and evaluation of psychometric properties of cigarette smoking tendency questionnaire for female adolescents (CTQFA). BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1746. [PMID: 34563165 PMCID: PMC8465714 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tendency of women to smoke has increased in recent years and the prevalence of smoking among women is increasing. The purpose of this study was to design and evaluation the psychometric properties of the smoking tendency questionnaire for Iranian female adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 604 female adolescents in Iran in 2021. The bank of questions was designed based on the qualitative study concepts and review of the literature. To perform the psychometric evaluation, steps such as face validity (qualitative), content validity (qualitative and quantitative) and construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis) were performed. The reliability of the instrument was assessed using McDonald’s omega coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Results Based on the results of psychometrics (face, content, and construct validity), the number of questions was reduced from 102 to 52, and 50 questions were removed. Finally, a questionnaire with 52 questions and 5 subscales of the tendency to experience smoking (14 items), re-experience smoking (8 items), cigarette dependence (9 items), intention to quit smoking (9 items), and smoking cessation (12 items) was approved. The content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) for all questions were 0.770 and 0.938, respectively. The Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients for all questions were 0.903 and 0.904, respectively. Conclusion Based on the results of this questionnaire, 52 questions, and 5 subscales can be used to assess the tendency of female adolescents to cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Jafari
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nooshin Peyman
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholian-Aval
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrsadat Mahdizadeh
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Tehrani
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Freiberg A, Schubert M, Romero Starke K, Hegewald J, Seidler A. A Rapid Review on the Influence of COVID-19 Lockdown and Quarantine Measures on Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the General Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8567. [PMID: 34444316 PMCID: PMC8393482 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Preceding coronavirus outbreaks resulted in social isolation, which in turn is associated with cardiovascular consequences. Whether the current COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacts cardiovascular health is unclear. The aim of the rapid review was to investigate, whether COVID-19 lockdown influences modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (i.e., physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour, smoking, alcohol use, unhealthy diet, obesity, bad blood lipids, and hypertension) in the general population. Medline and EMBASE were searched until March 2021. Title, abstracts, and full texts were screened by one reviewer and 20% by a second reviewer. Only studies using probability sampling were included in order to ensure the representativeness of the target population. Data extraction and critical appraisal were done by one reviewer and double-checked by another reviewer. We identified 32 studies that fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Findings show that physical activity decreased, and sedentary behaviour increased among all age groups during the COVID-19 lockdown. Among adults, alcohol consumption increased, dietary quality worsened, and the amount of food intake increased. Some adults reported weight gain. Studies on children and adolescents were sparse. This rapid review found a high number of epidemiological studies on the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, but only a few used probability sampling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Freiberg
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Technische Universität, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.S.); (K.R.S.); (J.H.); (A.S.)
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24
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Jafari A, Rajabi A, Gholian-Aval M, Peyman N, Mahdizadeh M, Tehrani H. National, regional, and global prevalence of cigarette smoking among women/females in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:5. [PMID: 33419408 PMCID: PMC7796590 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This systematic and meta-analysis review aimed to provide an updated estimate of the prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women, in geographic areas worldwide, and demonstrate a trend of the prevalence of smoking over time by using a cumulative meta-analysis. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published on the prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women. We searched PubMed, Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, and Ovid from January 2010 to April 2020. The reference lists of the studies included in this review were also screened. Data were reviewed and extracted independently by two authors. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women. Sources of heterogeneity among the studies were determined using subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Results The pooled prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women was 28% and 17%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of ever cigarette smoking in adolescent girls/students of the school, adult women, pregnant women, and women with the disease was 23%, 27%, 32%, and 38%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of ever cigarette smoking in the continents of Oceania, Asia, Europe, America, and Africa was 36%, 14%, 38%, 31%, and 32%, respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of cigarette smoking among women is very high, which is significant in all subgroups of adolescents, adults, and pregnant women. Therefore, it is necessary to design and implement appropriate educational programs for them, especially in schools, to reduce the side effects and prevalence of smoking among women. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12199-020-00924-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Jafari
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdolhalim Rajabi
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, Faculty of Health, Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholian-Aval
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nooshin Peyman
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrsadat Mahdizadeh
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Tehrani
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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25
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Ssewanyana D, Newton CR, van Baar A, Hassan AS, Stein A, Taylor HG, Van De Vijver F, Scerif G, Abubakar A. Beyond Their HIV Status: the Occurrence of Multiple Health Risk Behavior Among Adolescents from a Rural Setting of Sub-Saharan Africa. Int J Behav Med 2020; 27:426-443. [PMID: 32215858 PMCID: PMC7359141 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-020-09877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Health risk behaviors during adolescence may cluster into patterns that might be predicted by specific factors, among which HIV may have an important role. Method In a cross-sectional study conducted between 2017 and 2018, clustering of HRB and its associated factors was investigated in rural Kenya among 588 adolescents (36% perinatally HIV infected; 28% perinatally HIV exposed but uninfected; and 36% HIV unexposed/uninfected). Latent class analysis of 22 behaviors followed by multinomial logistic regression were conducted. Four risk behavior classes were identified. Results No significant differences were found in behavioral class membership across the three HIV groups (p = 0.366). The risk of membership to the higher risk behavioral classes relative to class 1 (the substance and drug abstinent low risk takers) increased with older adolescent age (p = 0.047), increased among adolescent who experienced mental distress (p < 0.001), and those who felt unsafe in their neighborhood (p < 0.002). Better working memory (p = 0.0037) was found to be protective. Conclusion The results highlight a need to include screening and interventions for internalizing mental health problems and deficits in executive functioning, as well as steps to involve family members and communities to address psychosocial risk factors in adolescents in Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Ssewanyana
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O Box 230, Kilifi, 80108, Kenya.
- Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Charles R Newton
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O Box 230, Kilifi, 80108, Kenya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anneloes van Baar
- Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amin S Hassan
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O Box 230, Kilifi, 80108, Kenya
| | - Alan Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - H Gerry Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Biobehavioral Health, Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Fons Van De Vijver
- Department of Culture Studies, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Gaia Scerif
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amina Abubakar
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O Box 230, Kilifi, 80108, Kenya
- Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Public Health, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
- Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
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26
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Kader Z, Roman NV, Crutzen R. Determinants of Adolescent Hookah Pipe Use: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2020.1789525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Kader
- University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Rik Crutzen
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Tobacco use and associated health risk behaviours among university students in 27 countries. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2020; 34:131-137. [PMID: 32549172 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2019-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Evidence of the relationship between tobacco use and multiple health risk behaviours is limited. Objectives The study aimed to investigate the relationship between tobacco use and health risk behaviours in university students across different cultures. Methods In a cross-sectional study the sample included 23,396 university students from 27 countries in Africa, Asia and the Americas. Results Indicate that 5.8 and 5.5% were daily and not daily tobacco users, respectively. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, less than daily and/or daily tobacco use was associated with nutrition and dietary risk behaviour (overweight or obesity, high sodium consumption, rarely or never having breakfast and not avoiding fat and cholesterol), addictive behaviour (binge drinking, drug use, and gambling), sleep risk behaviours (long sleep, poor sleep quality and restless sleep) and other health risk behaviour (having been in a physical fight, inadequate tooth brushing, and multiple sexual partners in the past year). Conclusions Compared to non-tobacco users, less than daily and/or daily tobacco users had significantly higher overweight or obesity, dietary risk behaviour, addictive behaviour, sleep risk behaviours and other health risk behaviour. These associations may be taken into account in health promotion strategies targeting multiple health compromising behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa
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28
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Iuliano A, Aranda Z, Colbourn T, Agwai IC, Bahiru S, Bakare AA, Burgess RA, Cassar C, Shittu F, Graham H, Isah A, McCollum ED, Falade AG, King C, On Behalf Of The Inspiring Project Consortium. The burden and risks of pediatric pneumonia in Nigeria: A desk-based review of existing literature and data. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55 Suppl 1:S10-S21. [PMID: 31985170 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumonia is a leading killer of children under-5 years, with a high burden in Nigeria. We aimed to quantify the regional burden and risks of pediatric pneumonia in Nigeria, and specifically the states of Lagos and Jigawa. METHODS We conducted a scoping literature search for studies of pneumonia morbidity and mortality in under-5 children in Nigeria from 10th December 2018 to 26th April 2019, searching: Cochrane, PubMed, and Web of Science. We included grey literature from stakeholders' websites and information shared by organizations working in Nigeria. We conducted multivariable logistic regression using the 2016 to 2017 Multiple Cluster Indicators Survey data set to explore factors associated with pneumonia. Descriptive analyses of datasets from 2010 to 2019 was done to estimate trends in mortality, morbidity, and vaccination coverage. RESULTS We identified 25 relevant papers (10 from Jigawa, 8 from Lagos, and 14 national data). None included data on pneumonia or acute respiratory tract infection burden in the health system, inpatient case-fatality rates, severity, or age-specific pneumonia mortality rates at state level. Secondary data analysis found that no household or caregiver socioeconomic indicators were consistently associated with self-reported symptoms of cough and/or difficulty breathing, and seasonality was inconsistently associated, dependant on region. CONCLUSION There is a clear evidence gap around the burden of pediatric pneumonia in Nigeria, and challenges with the interpretation of existing household survey data. Improved survey approaches are needed to understand the risks of pediatric pneumonia in Nigeria, alongside the need for investment in reliable routine data systems to provide data on the clinical pneumonia burden in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Iuliano
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zeus Aranda
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Colbourn
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Imaria C Agwai
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Ayobami A Bakare
- Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Funmilayo Shittu
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Hamish Graham
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adamu Isah
- Save the Children International, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Eric D McCollum
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adegoke G Falade
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Carina King
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kanmodi K, Kanmodi P. Rising prevalence of head and neck cancer risk factors among Nigerian adolescents: A call for school-based intervention programmes. POPULATION MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.18332/popmed/120970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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30
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Amoo E, Adekeye OA, Omumu F, Akinpelu OO, Ajayi MP, Olawande T, Adeusi SO. Drug Use and High-risk Sexual Behavior among School-Going Adolescents in Nigeria. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2020.3290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sexual risk behavior and drug abuse among adolescents and youths remained perpetual topical issues of focus in most developmental programs related to developing countries, especially in Nigeria, where the school-going adolescents constitute more than half of the youths. The high level of teenage pregnancy and sexual violence such as abuses and other harmful trajectories including STIs and HIV is increasingly reported than the pre-2000s.
AIM: This study focuses on underscoring the variation in risky sexual behavior among school-going users and non-users of drugs. It also analyzed the predisposing factors of drug use among school-going adolescents in Nigeria.
METHODS: In combination with problem behavior theory, the research draws data (n = 11,799) from the 2012 National HIV and AIDS and Reproductive Health Survey (NARHS Plus II) collated by the Federal Ministry of Health in Nigeria with support from the Department for International Development and United States Agency for International Development, to underscore the self-reported sexual risk behavior among students who are users and non-users of drugs.
RESULTS: The result revealed that 32.5% (male) and 33.4% (female) use drugs. More than half of the respondents reported that they have engaged in sexual intercourse, 27.3% (male) and 31.8% (female) have had ≥2 lifetime sexual partners. There is higher odds ratio (OR) of risky sexual behavior among students that have ever used drugs or taken alcohol (OR = 2.2, 95% CI [1.8–2.8]) for male and (OR = 2.1, 95% CI [0.83–2.03]) for female.
CONCLUSION: The study concludes that continued exposure of school-going youths to drugs or alcohol may pose serious challenge of risky sexual behavior and also severe threat to initiatives on zero new HIV infections or zero new AIDS death in Nigeria. The authors recommend that campaign to discourage drug or alcohol use should be intensified and introduced to all schools.
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Vázquez-Nava F, Vázquez-Rodríguez EM, Vázquez-Rodríguez CF, Ortega Betancourt NV, Castillo Ruiz O, Rodríguez Castillejos GC. Tobacco smoking by Mexican adolescents who use the WhatsApp and Facebook social networking platforms as a means of communication. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2020.1738576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Vázquez-Nava
- Department of Research, Faculty of Medicine, Tampico. Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Tampico, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Octelina Castillo Ruiz
- Department of Research, Faculty of Medicine, Tampico. Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Tampico, Mexico
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Itanyi IU, Onwasigwe CN, Ossip D, Uzochukwu BSC, McIntosh S, Aguwa EN, Wang S, Onoka CA, Ezeanolue EE. Predictors of current tobacco smoking by adolescents in Nigeria: Interaction between school location and socioeconomic status. Tob Induc Dis 2020; 18:13. [PMID: 32180690 PMCID: PMC7067232 DOI: 10.18332/tid/117959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco smoking is the largest preventable cause of global mortality, with its prevalence increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly among adolescents. We sought to determine the factors associated with tobacco smoking among Nigerian school adolescents and investigate the interaction between school location and socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS Using a cross-sectional study design, 4332 eighth to tenth grade students in rural and urban secondary schools in Enugu State, Nigeria, were selected by stratified two-stage cluster sampling. We collected data using a modified Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) Core Questionnaire. Outcome measures were current smoking of cigarettes and other smoked tobacco. Multilevel mixed effects logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with current tobacco smoking and were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. RESULTS Prevalences of current smoking of cigarettes and other smoked tobacco were 13.3% (95% CI: 11.3-15.7) and 5.8% (95% CI: 4.6-7.2), respectively. Possession of higher weekly allowance, exposure to secondhand smoke or tobacco advertisements, having smoking parents, friends or classmates who smoke, and sale of cigarettes near school, were positively associated with current smoking of tobacco. Female sex, having both parents employed and being exposed to tobacco teaching in school were negatively associated with current cigarette smoking while increasing age and high father's SES were negatively associated with current smoking of other tobacco products. There was an interaction between school location and father's SES in the association with cigarette smoking. The higher odds of smoking in rural versus urban schools were much higher for students with fathers of high SES compared to low SES. In rural schools, high SES was associated with higher odds of smoking, but in urban schools low SES was associated with higher odds of smoking. CONCLUSIONS Environmental factors are associated with adolescent tobacco smoking. Tobacco control programs should use targeted strategies that vary depending on the local context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijeoma U. Itanyi
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Chika N. Onwasigwe
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Deborah Ossip
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Benjamin S. C. Uzochukwu
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Scott McIntosh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Emmanuel N. Aguwa
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Sijiu Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Chima A. Onoka
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
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Okonoda KM, James BO, Maigari YT, Nwoga CN, Piwuna CG, Envuladu EA. Factors Associated with Tobacco Use among Community Dwelling Older Adults in Jos South, Nigeria. Health (London) 2020. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2020.128077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Adeloye D, Auta A, Fawibe A, Gadanya M, Ezeigwe N, Mpazanje RG, Dewan MT, Omoyele C, Alemu W, Harhay MO, Adewole IF. Current prevalence pattern of tobacco smoking in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1719. [PMID: 31864324 PMCID: PMC6925864 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-8010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background National smoking cessation strategies in Nigeria are hindered by lack of up-to-date epidemiologic data. We aimed to estimate prevalence of tobacco smoking in Nigeria to guide relevant interventions. Methods We conducted systematic search of publicly available evidence from 1990 through 2018. A random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression epidemiologic model were employed to determine prevalence and number of smokers in Nigeria in 1995 and 2015. Results Across 64 studies (n = 54,755), the pooled crude prevalence of current smokers in Nigeria was 10.4% (9.0–11.7) and 17.7% (15.2–20.2) for ever smokers. This was higher among men compared to women in both groups. There was considerable variation across geopolitical zones, ranging from 5.4% (North-west) to 32.1% (North-east) for current smokers, and 10.5% (South-east) to 43.6% (North-east) for ever smokers. Urban and rural dwellers had relatively similar rates of current smokers (10.7 and 9.1%), and ever smokers (18.1 and 17.0%). Estimated median age at initiation of smoking was 16.8 years (IQR: 13.5–18.0). From 1995 to 2015, we estimated an increase in number of current smokers from 8 to 11 million (or a decline from 13 to 10.6% of the population). The pooled mean cigarettes consumption per person per day was 10.1 (6.1–14.2), accounting for 110 million cigarettes per day and over 40 billion cigarettes consumed in Nigeria in 2015. Conclusions While the prevalence of smokers may be declining in Nigeria, one out of ten Nigerians still smokes daily. There is need for comprehensive measures and strict anti-tobacco laws targeting tobacco production and marketing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davies Adeloye
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, 30 West Richmond street, Edinburgh, EH8 9DX, UK. .,RcDavies Evidence-based Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Asa Auta
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Fylde Road, Preston, UK
| | - Ademola Fawibe
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Muktar Gadanya
- Department of Community Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael O Harhay
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Palliative and Advanced Illness Research (PAIR) Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Lasebikan V, Lasebikan T, Adepoju S. Outdoor smoking in Nigeria: prevalence, correlates and predictors. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1313. [PMID: 31638945 PMCID: PMC6802310 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of data on smoking in outdoor-open bars in Nigeria that may translate into effective legislation on public smoking. METHOD This study determined the prevalence, demographic and clinical correlates as well as predictors of smoking among a community sample of 1119 patrons of open place bars in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data on current smoking was obtained using the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), while smoking intensity was calculated using the Pack-Year. Prevalence of alcohol use was determined using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), while depression was diagnosed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview (MINI). Analysis was carried out by SPSS version 20.0 software using Chi square statistics, t test and ANOVA, and was set at 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Prevalence of current smoking was 63.8% and the mean pack years of smoking of all respondents was 19.38 ± 17.16 years. Predictors of outdoor smoking were depression OR = 1.41, 95% CI (1.09-1.83) and alcohol use OR = 2.12, 95% CI (1.44-3.13). Predictors of high pack years were depression OR = 1.47, 95% CI (1.08-2.01), being married, OR = 1.78, 95% CI (1.29-2.45), high income, OR = 1.95, 95% CI (1.42-2.68) and alcohol use OR = 2.82, 95% CI (1.51-5.27). There was no significant relationship between stage of readiness to quit smoking and mean pack years of smoking, F = 0.3, p = 0.5. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of outdoor smoking in the sample calls for urgent public health initiatives for intervention. Thus, outdoor bars are potential tobacco use intervention sites to minimize the health consequences of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Lasebikan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, PMB 5116, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Samson Adepoju
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
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36
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Nwobi AU, Eseadi C, Agboeze MU, Okoye OE, Iremeka FU, Mbagwu F, Ohia NC, Nwaubani OO, Oboegbulem AI, Akaneme IN. Potential roles of school administrators and community-residing adults in tobacco use prevention in Nigerian college students: a viewpoint. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:4412-4417. [PMID: 30207177 PMCID: PMC6259410 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518798254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use is a key risk factor for the development of non-communicable diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. On May 31 every year, World No Tobacco Day is celebrated to draw attention to the health risks and other risks related to tobacco use and to campaign for effective policies to minimize tobacco use. In this paper, we address important issues related to tobacco use, and highlight the potential roles of school administrators and community-residing adults in supporting college students in Nigeria in refraining from tobacco use. We argue that various stakeholders, including school administrators and community-residing adults, have important roles to play in providing community- and school-level support to college students to enable them to refrain from tobacco use. However, research is needed to empirically measure whether and how school administrators and community-residing adults have helped to reduce tobacco use in college students in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthonia U Nwobi
- 1 Department of Adult Education and Extra-Mural Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chiedu Eseadi
- 2 Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Mathias U Agboeze
- 1 Department of Adult Education and Extra-Mural Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Onyinyechi E Okoye
- 1 Department of Adult Education and Extra-Mural Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Felicia Ukamaka Iremeka
- 1 Department of Adult Education and Extra-Mural Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Felicia Mbagwu
- 1 Department of Adult Education and Extra-Mural Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | | | - Okechukwu O Nwaubani
- 4 Department of Social Science Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Angie I Oboegbulem
- 2 Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Immaculata N Akaneme
- 2 Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Lee JY, Ahn H, Lee H. Factors Affecting Secondhand Smoke Avoidance Behavior of Vietnamese Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1632. [PMID: 30072593 PMCID: PMC6121624 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the stage of secondhand smoke avoidance behavior of adolescents in rural areas of Vietnam and the related factors affecting such behavior. The participants were recruited from two middle schools located in Hai Thuong and Trieu Trach commune, Vietnam. Data were collected in January 2016 by distributing and collecting a self-administrated questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed (n = 166) using SPSS 21.0 for frequency, percentage, and ordinal logistic regression. The largest proportion of secondhand smoke avoidance behavior was classified in maintenance (41.6%), followed by action (19.9%), preparation (15.1%), pre-contemplation (13.3%), and contemplation (10.2%) stages. The factors related to higher secondhand smoke avoidance behavior were higher self-efficacy (p = 0.003) and more frequent discussion with parents about dangers of smoking (p = 0.001). The findings indicated that self-efficacy of avoiding secondhand smoke and discussion with parents were associated with secondhand smoke avoidance behavior of adolescents. These findings can be used for developing education programs to prevent secondhand smoke for adolescents in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Yin Lee
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Hyunmi Ahn
- Department of Nursing, Korean Bible University, Seoul 01757, Korea.
| | - Hyeonkyeong Lee
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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