1
|
Oshima T, Takaishi K, Nishihira M, Nguyen ST, Urakawa S, Ohno H, Fujita N. Detraining after short-term exercise induces hyperphagia and obesity with fatty liver and brown adipose tissue whitening in young male OLETF rats. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16055. [PMID: 38872474 PMCID: PMC11176740 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of exercise and detraining at a young age on fat accumulation in various organs. Four-week-old male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were assigned to either the non-exercise sedentary (OLETF Sed) or exercise groups. The exercise group was subdivided into two groups: exercise between 4 and 12 weeks of age (OLETF Ex) and exercise between 4 and 6 weeks of age followed by non-exercise between 6 and 12 weeks of age (OLETF DT). Body weight was significantly lower in the OLETF Ex group than in the OLETF Sed group at 12 weeks of age. Fat accumulation in the epididymal white adipose tissue, liver, and brown adipose tissue was suppressed in the OLETF Ex group. During the exercise period, body weight and food intake in the OLETF DT group were significantly lower than those in the OLETF Sed group. However, food intake was significantly higher in the OLETF DT group than in the OLETF Sed group after exercise cessation, resulting in extreme obesity with fatty liver and brown adipose tissue whitening. Detraining after early-onset exercise promotes hyperphagia, causing extreme obesity. Overeating should be avoided during detraining periods in cases of exercise cessation at a young age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Oshima
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kaho Takaishi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Misuzu Nishihira
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Son Tien Nguyen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Susumu Urakawa
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Haruya Ohno
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoto Fujita
- Department of Bio-Environmental Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reginato GDS, de Jager L, Martins AB, Lucchetti BFC, de Campos BH, Lopes FNC, Araujo EJDA, Zaia CTBV, Pinge-Filho P, Martins-Pinge MC. Differential benefits of physical training associated or not with L-arginine supplementation in rats with metabolic syndrome: evaluation of cardiovascular, autonomic and metabolic parameters. Physiol Behav 2023:114251. [PMID: 37253403 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by endocrine-metabolic and cardiac alterations that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Dietary supplementation with L-Arginine (L-Arg) is beneficial for fat loss, while chronic aerobic exercise has several benefits in reversing cardiovascular, autonomic, and metabolic dysfunctions caused by obesity. However, the association between these two approaches has not yet been described. This study aimed to evaluate the possible benefits of physical training, with or without L-Arg supplementation, on cardiovascular, autonomic, and metabolic parameters in rats with MetS, which was induced by the subcutaneous administration of monosodium glutamate at 4 mg g-1day-1 in rats from the first to fifth day of life. Physical training on a treadmill and supplementation with L-Arg in adulthood were carried out concomitantly for 8 weeks. After this, the animals underwent femoral artery catheterization to record their cardiovascular parameters and autonomic modulation. Organs and blood were removed to measure levels of nitrite, glucose, and hepatic steatosis. In adult rats with MetS, supplementation with L-Arg in combination with physical training reduced hypertension, tachycardia, adipose tissue mass, free fatty acids, and hepatic steatosis. Supplementation with L-Arg and physical training separately was beneficial in reducing several aspects of MetS, but a combination of both was especially effective in reducing adipose tissue and hepatic steatosis. Together, the two therapies can form a good strategy to combat MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela de Souza Reginato
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | - Lorena de Jager
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | - Andressa Busetti Martins
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | | | - Blenda Hyedra de Campos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Novi Cortegoso Lopes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | | | - Cássia Thaïs B Vieira Zaia
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | - Phileno Pinge-Filho
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | - Marli Cardoso Martins-Pinge
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tanaka M, Kanazashi M, Kondo H, Fujino H. Time course of capillary regression and an expression balance between vascular endothelial growth factor-A and thrombospondin-1 in the soleus muscle of hindlimb unloaded rats. Muscle Nerve 2021; 65:350-360. [PMID: 34957570 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Skeletal muscle capillaries regress with disuse; however, information on time-dependent changes in the expression of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors in disused muscle is limited. This study aimed to clarify time-dependent changes in skeletal muscle capillarization, pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and anti-angiogenic thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in the soleus muscle of hindlimb unloaded rat. METHODS Eight-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups corresponding to different hindlimb unloading (HU) duration at 0, 1, 2, and 3 weeks. RESULTS Muscle atrophy and capillary regression worsened in the soleus muscle with longer periods of HU. The VEGF-A protein expression level was lower at week 1 than at week 0. In addition, the value at week 3 was also lower than those at weeks 0, 1, and 2. The TSP-1 protein expression level was higher at week 1 than that at week 0 but was similar at weeks 2 and 3. Moreover, reactive oxygen species, assessed by dihydroethidium fluorescence intensity on cryosection, were higher at weeks 2 and 3 than that at week 0. DISCUSSION Depending on the HU period, VEGF-A and TSP-1 showed different expression patterns. In the early HU phase, TSP-1 may play an important role in capillary regression. However, when HU extends for a longer period, decreased VEGF-A, and/or increased oxidative stress may be more involved in capillary regression. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama Healthcare Professional University, 3-2-18 Daiku, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, Japan
| | - Miho Kanazashi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Mihara-shi, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Kondo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya, 4-21 Shioji-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Takaishi K, Oshima T, Eto H, Nishihira M, Nguyen ST, Ochi R, Fujita N, Urakawa S. Impact of Exercise and Detraining during Childhood on Brown Adipose Tissue Whitening in Obesity. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100677. [PMID: 34677392 PMCID: PMC8540482 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of childhood exercise and detraining on brown adipose tissue (BAT) whitening in obesity. Four-week-old male Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats (n = 9) and Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats (n = 24) were used as non-obese and obese animals, respectively. OLETF rats were divided into non-exercise sedentary (n = 9) and exercise groups. OLETF rats in the exercise group were further divided into subgroups according to the exercise period—exercise from 10- to 12-weeks-old (n = 6); and exercise from 4- to 6-weeks-old, and detraining from 6- to 12-weeks-old (n = 9). At 12-weeks-old, immediately after exercise period, BAT whitening in OLETF rats was inhibited by exercise despite the fact that hypertrophy was not caused in the plantaris muscle. However, the effectiveness was attenuated during the detraining period. Histological BAT whitening and downregulation of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) were found in non-exercise sedentary OLETF rats at 12-weeks-old. The downregulation was not inhibited, even though exercise histologically inhibited BAT whitening in OLETF rats. Childhood exercise decreased BAT whitening in obesity. Detraining attenuated the inhibition of BAT whitening. These results suggest that regular exercise is needed to improve BAT whitening and downregulation of UCP-1 in obesity.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chung KW. Advances in Understanding of the Role of Lipid Metabolism in Aging. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040880. [PMID: 33924316 PMCID: PMC8068994 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During aging, body adiposity increases with changes in the metabolism of lipids and their metabolite levels. Considering lipid metabolism, excess adiposity with increased lipotoxicity leads to various age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, arthritis, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. However, the multifaceted nature and complexities of lipid metabolism make it difficult to delineate its exact mechanism and role during aging. With advances in genetic engineering techniques, recent studies have demonstrated that changes in lipid metabolism are associated with aging and age-related diseases. Lipid accumulation and impaired fatty acid utilization in organs are associated with pathophysiological phenotypes of aging. Changes in adipokine levels contribute to aging by modulating changes in systemic metabolism and inflammation. Advances in lipidomic techniques have identified changes in lipid profiles that are associated with aging. Although it remains unclear how lipid metabolism is regulated during aging, or how lipid metabolites impact aging, evidence suggests a dynamic role for lipid metabolism and its metabolites as active participants of signaling pathways and regulators of gene expression. This review describes recent advances in our understanding of lipid metabolism in aging, including established findings and recent approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Wung Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46214, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
de Andrade BZ, Zazula MF, Bittencourt Guimarães AT, Sagae Schneider SC, Boaretto ML, Felicio Poncio AC, Hoff Nunes Maciel JI, de Oliveira CMT, Costa RM, Flor Bertolini GR, Chasko Ribeiro LDF. Whole-body vibration promotes lipid mobilization in hypothalamic obesity rat. Tissue Cell 2021; 68:101456. [PMID: 33202347 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyze the effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) on metabolic parameters using the monosodium l-glutamate (MSG) model of obesity. METHOD MSG-obese rats that were exposed to WBV on a vibrating platform with 60 Hz frequency, 2 mm amplitude, three times/week, 10 min/day, during eight weeks (from postnatal day (PN) 80 to PN136). Blood glucose, creatine kinases (CK and CK-MB) and lipid profile through plasma and liver levels of lipids and lipoproteins were evaluated. Morphology and oxidative stress of adipose and hepatic tissues were further evaluated. RESULTS When performing a WBV exercise, animals showed contrasting metabolic responses. Vibration Control group (CTL-WBV) presented a reduction in CK and liver triacylglycerol, an increase in glucose, lactate, total cholesterol, liver cholesterol, and LDL while MSG Vibration group (MSG-WBV) showed an increase in total triacylglycerol, VLDL, lactate, CK, liver cholesterol, additional liver lipid peroxidation and LDL, total cholesterol and CKMB reduction. CONCLUSION Even although the MSG is a model of impacting injury, the metabolic demand of WBV exercise was able to induce mobilization of substrates, highlighting the lipid mobilization in obese animals, it should be used as a metabolic rehabilitation tool in patients with metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matheus Felipe Zazula
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81530-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariana Laís Boaretto
- Bioscience and Health Graduate Program, State University of Western Paraná, Cascavel, PR, 85819-110, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Felicio Poncio
- Bioscience and Health Graduate Program, State University of Western Paraná, Cascavel, PR, 85819-110, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rose Meire Costa
- Bioscience and Health Graduate Program, State University of Western Paraná, Cascavel, PR, 85819-110, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ochi R, Fujita N, Goto N, Nguyen ST, Le DT, Matsushita K, Ono T, Nishijo H, Urakawa S. Region-specific brain area reductions and increased cholecystokinin positive neurons in diabetic OLETF rats: implication for anxiety-like behavior. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:42. [PMID: 32938363 PMCID: PMC10717394 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders can induce psychiatric comorbidities. Both brain and neuronal composition imbalances reportedly induce an anxiety-like phenotype. We hypothesized that alterations of localized brain areas and cholecystokinin (CCK) and parvalbumin (PV) expression could induce anxiety-like behavior in type 2 diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats. Twenty-week-old OLETF and non-diabetic Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats were used. The areas of corticolimbic regions were smaller in OLETF rats. The densities of CCK positive neurons in the lateral and basolateral amygdala, hippocampal cornu ammonis area 2, and prelimbic cortex were higher in OLETF rats. The densities of PV positive neurons were comparable between OLETF and LETO rats. Locomotion in the center zone in the open field test was lower in OLETF rats. These results suggest that imbalances of specific brain region areas and neuronal compositions in emotion-related areas increase the prevalence of anxiety-like behaviors in OLETF rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Ochi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Naoto Fujita
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Natsuki Goto
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Son Tien Nguyen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology and Endocrinology, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, 160, Phung Hung Street, Phuc La, Ha Dong, Hanoi, 12108, Vietnam
| | - Duc Trung Le
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
- Department of Neurology, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, 160, Phung Hung Street, Phuc La, Ha Dong, Hanoi, 12108, Vietnam
| | - Kojiro Matsushita
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Facility of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Ono
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama, 930-0152, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama, 930-0152, Japan
| | - Susumu Urakawa
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fujita N, Goto N, Nakamura T, Nino W, Ono T, Nishijo H, Urakawa S. Hyperbaric Normoxia Improved Glucose Metabolism and Decreased Inflammation in Obese Diabetic Rat. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:2694215. [PMID: 31828157 PMCID: PMC6885850 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2694215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric treatment improves hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in type 2 diabetes associated with obesity. However, its mode of action is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influences of regular hyperbaric treatment with normal air at 1.3 atmospheres absolute (ATA) on glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes with obesity. The focus was directed on inflammatory cytokines in the adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were used as models of type 2 diabetes with obesity and Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats served as healthy controls. The rats were randomly assigned to untreated or hyperbaric treatment groups exposed to 1.3 ATA for 8 h d-1 and 5 d wk-1 for 16 wks. Glucose levels were significantly higher in the diabetic than in the healthy control rats. Nevertheless, glucose levels at 30 and 60 min after glucose administration were significantly lower in the diabetic rats treated with 1.3 ATA than in the untreated diabetic rats. Insulin levels at fasting and 120 min after glucose administration were significantly lower in the diabetic rats treated with 1.3 ATA than in the untreated diabetic rats. Hyperbaric treatment also increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression in the skeletal muscle and decreased tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) expression in adipose tissue. These results suggested that TNFα downregulation and IL-10 upregulation in diabetic rats subjected to hyperbaric treatment participate in the crosstalk between the adipose and skeletal muscle tissues and improve glucose intolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Fujita
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Natsuki Goto
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakamura
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Wataru Nino
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Ono
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Susumu Urakawa
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| |
Collapse
|