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Caridi TL, Mariño-Polo F, Farra CG, Mingus AM, Memon A, Grijalva MJ, Bates BR. Health literacy & Chagas disease knowledge: A cross-sectional study in Southern Loja Province, Ecuador. PEC INNOVATION 2024; 4:100287. [PMID: 38799258 PMCID: PMC11126796 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2024.100287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective Health literacy is associated with many patient outcomes. This study sought to determine the association between a person's level of health literacy and their knowledge about Chagas disease. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with people living in two counties in rural Loja Province, Ecuador who attended a mobile health clinic. The communities in which the study was conducted are at high risk of Chagas disease and have limited access to both health care and educational resources. The Spanish version of Short Assessment for Health Literacy measured health literacy. The Chagas Disease Knowledge questionnaire measured knowledge of Chagas disease. T-tests and correlational analysis were used to assess associations. Results Overall 85 people participated in this study. A majority of the respondents were female (64.1%), and a plurality were married (40.7%) and had education less than secondary (40.7%). The average age of the sample was 44.31 ± 18.85. Health literacy levels and Chagas disease knowledge in the communities were low. About half of people had inadequate health literacy. No association between health literacy and Chagas knowledge was found. Conclusion Health literacy levels and Chagas disease knowledge were not found to be correlated. Explanations for the lack of association may include common causes of inadequate investment in Chagas disease education as well as neglect of health systems in rural Ecuador. Efforts to improve both health literacy and Chagas disease knowledge in poorer, rural areas of Ecuador are needed. Innovation This is the first study to assess relationships between health literacy and knowledge of Chagas disease in an uninfected population. For novel conditions, relationships between health literacy and disease knowledge should be investigated before communication campaigns are adapted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia L. Caridi
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, 6775 Bobcat Way Dublin, Ohio 43016, Dublin, OH, USA
| | - Fernanda Mariño-Polo
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Cora G. Farra
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Bentley Annex 162, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Alison M. Mingus
- Honors Tutorial College, Ohio University, 35 Park Place, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Athar Memon
- School of Communication Studies, Ohio University, 418 Schoonover Center for Communication, 20 East Union Street, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Mario J. Grijalva
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, 191 West Union Street, Athens, OH, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Irvine Hall 112, Athens, OH, USA
- Center for Research on Health in Latin America, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Calle San Pedro y Pambacienda, Quito 170530, Ecuador
| | - Benjamin R. Bates
- School of Communication Studies, Ohio University, 418 Schoonover Center for Communication, 20 East Union Street, Athens, OH, USA
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, 191 West Union Street, Athens, OH, USA
- Center for Research on Health in Latin America, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Calle San Pedro y Pambacienda, Quito 170530, Ecuador
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Ung TX, El-Den S, Moles RJ, O'Reilly CL. Simulated psychosis care role-plays for pharmacy curricula: a qualitative exploration of student experiences. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:1269-1277. [PMID: 38103057 PMCID: PMC11178615 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02598-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training is embedded in various tertiary healthcare curricula. However, opportunities for students to practise their newly acquired MHFA skills before entering the clinical practice workforce are lacking. The purpose of this study was to explore pharmacy students' experiences of MHFA training and post-MHFA simulated psychosis care role-plays. METHODS Final-year pharmacy students received MHFA training, after which they were invited to participate in simulated patient role-plays with trained actors, whilst being observed by peers, pharmacy tutors and mental health consumer educators (MHCEs). Immediately after each role-play, the role-playing student engaged in self-assessment, followed by performance feedback and debrief discussions with the tutor, MHCE and observing peers. All MHFA-trained students were invited to participate in audio-recorded focus groups to explore their experiences. Audio-recordings were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. RESULTS MHFA training was delivered to 209 students, of which 86 participated in a simulated patient role-play as a role-player and the remaining students observed. Seven focus groups were conducted with 36 students (mean duration 40 min, SD 11 min). Five themes emerged: scenario reactions, realistic but not real, mental health confidence, MHFA skills application, feedback and self-reflection. CONCLUSION Students enjoyed the post-MHFA simulated psychosis care role-plays, which provided opportunities to apply and reflect on their newly-acquired MHFA skills in a safe learning environment. These experiences enhanced students' confidence to support people in the community, experiencing mental health symptoms or crises, and could be an add-on to MHFA training in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina X Ung
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarira El-Den
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Rebekah J Moles
- The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Henson-Garcia M, Malthaner L, Beauchamp A, McKay S, Jetelina K. Epidemiological analysis of fatal and non-fatal firearm injuries occurring in gun establishments in the United States, 2015-2022. Inj Prev 2024:ip-2023-045127. [PMID: 38862213 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-045127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Firearm-related injury represents a significant public health problem in the USA. Firearm purchasing has risen nationwide and there has been increased efforts to deploy injury prevention initiatives within gun establishments. However, firearm-related risks and harms that may occur inside these high-exposure settings are not well characterized. METHODS This secondary analysis leveraged Gun Violence Archive data to quantify firearm injury prevalence rates within different types of gun establishments from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2022. Data were restricted to incidents that occurred in gun ranges, gun shops, and public and private ranges. The following incident characteristics were available in the individual-level data: date, location, injury count, fatality count, victim demographics (age, sex), shooting intent (suicide/self-inflicted, assault/homicide, unintentional, undetermined) and establishment type. RESULTS Over 7 years, 445 non-fatal and 183 fatal shooting events occurred across 576 unique establishments. Non-fatal, unintentional injuries predominated in stand-alone firing ranges whereas fatal, self-inflicted injuries concentrated in retail shops with accompanying firing ranges. Firearm-related assaults were prevalent among stand-alone retail shops. CONCLUSION Overall, this secondary analysis underscores that the prevalence of firearm injury in gun establishments across the USA is low, and these settings should continue to be studied as important contexts for intervention. Interweaving public health interventions into gun establishments presents an opportunity to potentially reduce associated harms to consumers interacting within these environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Henson-Garcia
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center School of Public Health, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren Malthaner
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center School of Public Health, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Alaina Beauchamp
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center School of Public Health, Dallas, Texas, USA
- O'Donnell School of Public Health, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sandra McKay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Katelyn Jetelina
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center School of Public Health, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Aller TB, Kelley HH, Barrett TS, Fauth EB. An exploratory analysis of moderating effects in a non-randomized, quasi-experimental evaluation of a college-based mental health literacy curriculum. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38848267 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2351413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To assess possible moderating variables that influence the effectiveness of a college-based mental health literacy curriculum, Mental Health Awareness and Advocacy (MHAA). Participants: Students at a Western University in the United States (MHAA treatment group: N = 474; Comparison group: N = 575). Methods: Using a non-randomized, quasi-experimental design over six semesters (2017-2019), students in the treatment and control groups reported on key demographic factors, experiences with mental health, and their knowledge, self-efficacy, and behaviors related to mental health literacy in a pretest/post-test format. Linear mixed effects models were used to assess moderation. Results: MHAA curriculum's efficacy varied based on participants' current depression and anxiety levels, whether they had prior personal experience with a mental health concern, whether they had been diagnosed with a mental health concern, and whether they had experienced suicidal thoughts. Conclusions: Reducing anxiety and depression among students may increase the efficacy of the MHAA program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty B Aller
- Institute for Disability Research, Policy & Practice, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Heather H Kelley
- Institute for Disability Research, Policy & Practice, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Tyson S Barrett
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Fauth
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia Research Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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Bhugra D, Liebrenz M, Ventriglio A, Ng R, Javed A, Kar A, Chumakov E, Moura H, Tolentino E, Gupta S, Ruiz R, Okasha T, Chisolm MS, Castaldelli-Maia J, Torales J, Smith A. World Psychiatric Association-Asian Journal of Psychiatry Commission on Public Mental Health. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 98:104105. [PMID: 38861790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Although there is considerable evidence showing that the prevention of mental illnesses and adverse outcomes and mental health promotion can help people lead better and more functional lives, public mental health remains overlooked in the broader contexts of psychiatry and public health. Likewise, in undergraduate and postgraduate medical curricula, prevention and mental health promotion have often been ignored. However, there has been a recent increase in interest in public mental health, including an emphasis on the prevention of psychiatric disorders and improving individual and community wellbeing to support life trajectories, from childhood through to adulthood and into older age. These lifespan approaches have significant potential to reduce the onset of mental illnesses and the related burdens for the individual and communities, as well as mitigating social, economic, and political costs. Informed by principles of social justice and respect for human rights, this may be especially important for addressing salient problems in communities with distinct vulnerabilities, where prominent disadvantages and barriers for care delivery exist. Therefore, this Commission aims to address these topics, providing a narrative overview of relevant literature and suggesting ways forward. Additionally, proposals for improving mental health and preventing mental illnesses and adverse outcomes are presented, particularly amongst at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Bhugra
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, Kings College, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael Liebrenz
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Roger Ng
- World Psychiatric Association, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Anindya Kar
- Advanced Neuropsychiatry Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Egor Chumakov
- Department of Psychiatry & Addiction, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Susham Gupta
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roxanna Ruiz
- University of Francisco Moaroquin, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexander Smith
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Llopis N, Antoine E, Grové C, Marinucci A, Touchard F, Montagni I. A mixed-methods project on the impact of the mental health first aid training on French university students' knowledge, attitudes and practices. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024; 18:366-373. [PMID: 37749765 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM University students are increasingly affected by mental health problems and need prompt support. The aim of this project was to assess the impact of the mental health first aid (MHFA) training on students' knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) concerning mental health in the short, mid and long-term. METHODS Three studies were conducted in Bordeaux, France, from May 2021 to March 2022. The first study collected data from 55 students 1 to 6 months after they had followed the training to examine its efficacy in the mid-long term. The second study collected data immediately before and after the training to evaluate the KAP of 52 students in the short-term (1 to 10 days). The third study consisted of 14 semi-structured interviews with students trained since 2020 to identify the training's long-term impact (3 to 18 months). Descriptive statistics were used for studies one and two, and framework analyses for study three. RESULTS Most participants reported that their KAP about mental health had improved after the training. In the first study, 94.2% of students reported being ready to intervene during a psychotic crisis in their peers. In the second study, 75.0% of students reported improved mental health-related knowledge and decreased stigma. All students in the third study reported that they had assisted at least one person after the training. CONCLUSIONS These were the first data on the impact of the French MHFA on KAP. While not exhaustive, findings suggest that deploying the training would be beneficial to French students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Llopis
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emeline Antoine
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christine Grové
- Fulbright Association, Canberra, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Ilaria Montagni
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Duncan M, Bansal D, Cooke E. Help-seeking intentions of UK construction workers: a cross-sectional study. Occup Med (Lond) 2024; 74:172-177. [PMID: 38319790 PMCID: PMC10990463 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to the high rates of poor mental health in the construction industry, numerous workplace interventions have been designed to address the known and suspected risk factors to employee mental health and well-being. A key challenge of these strategies is low engagement in support services. AIMS The goals of this research were to investigate the help-seeking intentions of employees in the construction industry, explore levels of mental well-being in this population and provide insight into employee engagement with mental health support strategies. METHODS Employees from two UK construction companies completed an online cross-sectional questionnaire (n = 119), designed to measure help-seeking intentions, levels of mental well-being and worker attitudes towards workplace mental health support strategies. RESULTS One-third of the sample reported experiencing an episode of mental health difficulties in the past 6 months. Employees reported a greater preference for seeking support from informal versus formal help sources. Participants were most likely to seek help from a partner and least likely to seek help from a Mental Health First Aider/ Champion. The study also showed some association between help-seeking intention and age of employees. CONCLUSIONS Given the poor levels of mental well-being in this population, it is essential that adequate workplace support is provided. Whilst formal help sources are important for this population, our study highlights the potential benefits of informal help sources to support employees. Future interventions may therefore wish to consider developing tailored, informal workplace support networks and programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Duncan
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - D Bansal
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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McDonald SE, Kogan LR, Nageotte NL, Currin-McCulloch J, Dickler-Mann R. Zoo professionals and volunteers in the U.S: experiences and prevalence of burnout, mental health, and animal loss. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1373525. [PMID: 38633029 PMCID: PMC11021763 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1373525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Burnout and mental health among animal care and health professionals (ACHPs) has received increasing attention in recent years. Despite rapid growth of research in this area, the wellbeing of individuals who work and/or volunteer in zoo settings has received minimal attention. Method An anonymous online survey was created to evaluate zoo staff and volunteers' experiences of animal-related loss, rates of professional fulfillment and burnout, mental health, perceived organizational support, and resilience. Participants included 1695 zoo professionals (72% ACHPs, 20% other staff) and volunteers (7%) who were recruited through relevant professional listservs and online platforms, and flyers on zoo grounds. Results ACHPs reported higher levels of anxiety, depression, and burnout and lower levels of professional fulfillment than other zoo staff and volunteers. The most common animal-related losses experienced by ACHPs in the past year were unexpected death (80%) and anticipated loss (74%), with more than half of these losses occurring within the past 3 months. ACHPs' reported bond with animals under their care was positively associated with depression and anxiety. Having a formal ritual or process following the death of an animal was positively associated with job fulfillment and perceived organizational support and negatively associated with depression and burnout-yet only 17% of participants in our sample indicated that their zoo had such a process or ritual. Discussion Our findings suggest that many ACHPs are struggling with burnout, anxiety, depression, and low rates of professional fulfilment and perceived organizational support. We recommend that zoos develop organizational plans that foster a culture which normalizes and validates grief/loss experiences and is proactive in responding to animal loss, related trauma, and other occupational stressors. The results of this research demonstrate the need for systemic changes within the zoo industry, for the betterment and welfare of both humans and the animals under their care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby E. McDonald
- Department of Community Research and Evaluation, Denver Zoological Foundation, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Lori R. Kogan
- Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Nichole L. Nageotte
- Department of Community Research and Evaluation, Denver Zoological Foundation, Denver, CO, United States
| | | | - Rachel Dickler-Mann
- Department of Community Research and Evaluation, Denver Zoological Foundation, Denver, CO, United States
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Bröcker E, Scheffler F, Suliman S, Olff M, Seedat S. Participants' experiences of a counsellor-supported PTSD Coach intervention in a resource-constrained setting. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2024; 11:e36. [PMID: 38572257 PMCID: PMC10988172 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2024.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We explored participants' experiences of a counsellor-supported PTSD Coach mobile application intervention (PTSD Coach-CS) in a randomised controlled trial. PTSD Coach-CS participants, who received the intervention and self-completed a custom-designed questionnaire at intervention completion were included (n = 25; female = 20; ages 19-59; isiXhosa = 22). This questionnaire comprised questions regarding the feasibility, acceptability and potential impact of the PTSD Coach-CS intervention, and general psychological support in our setting. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis. Three main themes emerged. (i) Participants' largely positive experiences of treatment procedures included the safe space created by the counsellor support in combination with the PTSD Coach application, allowing them to learn about and understand their lived experiences, and to accept their PTSD diagnoses. (ii) Positive perceptions of the PTSD Coach application, yet raising important concerns (e.g., lack of family involvement) for future consideration. (iii) Intervention-specific and systemic treatment barriers (e.g., stigma) providing important information to inform and increase the usefulness of the PTSD Coach-CS intervention. The findings suggest that the PTSD Coach-CS intervention may help address the need for access to suitable care for South African adults with PTSD. Some contextual barriers must be considered in further intervention implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erine Bröcker
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Freda Scheffler
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sharain Suliman
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Leung DKY, Wong NHL, Yau JHY, Wong FHC, Liu T, Kwok WW, Wong GHY, Lum TYS. Hybrid-delivered community psychoeducation for people aged 50 and older: A mixed-method evaluation and lesson learned. Internet Interv 2024; 35:100699. [PMID: 38174209 PMCID: PMC10761773 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2023.100699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hybrid training mode comprising in-person and teleconferencing sessions is effective and sustainable, yet no standardized principles guide its development for older people. This study aimed to develop a set of principles for hybrid-mode psychoeducation for older people from the experiences of middle-aged and older people in two folds: (1) examining the effects of hybrid-mode community psychoeducation and (2) identifying features that could enhance participants' experience. Methods We delivered 12-hour Older Person Mental Health First Aid and 3-hour late-life depression training to adults aged 50 and older in in-person and hybrid modes. Hybrid group participants received technology-related support, including in-advance training and on-site support. All participants completed assessments on depression literacy, depression stigma, meaning in life, social support, depressive symptoms, and anxiety pre-and post-intervention and evaluated the program in open-ended questions. Results A total of 471 in-person and 346 hybrid group participants completed the psychoeducation and post-assessment (80.4 % female, mean age = 64.73 years, SD = 7.29). Linear mixed models revealed improvements in depression literacy, depression stigma, meaning in life, social support, and anxiety (B = -1.43 to 0.13, all p < .001), with no significant difference between in-person and hybrid groups. Thematic analysis of open-ended questions identified three themes: (1) informational content with case studies, (2) hardcopy course handouts, and (3) interactive learning environment. Discussion/conclusion Hybrid-mode and in-person psychoeducation had comparable benefits on middle-aged and older people. The TORCH principles, an acronym for Technology provision, On-site technical support, Rehearsal, Connection with group members, and Hardcopy notes, was derived from practice wisdom and qualitative findings to support older people in online learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara Kiu Yi Leung
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Nicole Hiu Ling Wong
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jessie Ho Yin Yau
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Frankie Ho Chun Wong
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Philip Merrill College of Journalism, University of Maryland, College Park, United States
| | - Tianyin Liu
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | - Wai-wai Kwok
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gloria Hoi Yan Wong
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Terry Yat Sang Lum
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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11
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Iida M, Sawada U, Usuda K, Hazumi M, Okazaki E, Ogura K, Kataoka M, Sasaki N, Ojio Y, Matsunaga A, Umemoto I, Makino M, Nakashita A, Kamikawa C, Kuroda N, Kuga H, Fujii C, Nishi D. Effects of the Mental Health Supporter Training Program on mental health-related public stigma among Japanese people: A pretest/posttest study. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2024; 3:e176. [PMID: 38868483 PMCID: PMC11114268 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Aim The Mental Health Supporter Training Program is a national project conducted in Japan. This study aimed to determine the effects on mental health-related stigma, mental health literacy, and knowledge about mental health difficulties and support techniques among program participants. Methods The target population was local residents of a wide range of generations in Japan. Outcomes were assessed at baseline (T1), immediately postintervention (T2), and at the 6-month follow-up (T3). A mixed model for repeated-measures conditional growth model analyses were employed to examine the effects of the intervention over time (T1, T2, T3). We also calculated effect sizes using Cohen's d. Results The program had a significantly favorable pooled effect on the Japanese version of the Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale score after adjusting for covariates (reported behavior [t = 3.20, p = 0.001]; intended behavior [t = 8.04, p < 0.001]). However, when compared at each time point, only intended behavior from T1 to T2 showed a significant difference (t = 8.37, p < 0.001). Significant pooled effects were found for mental health literacy (knowledge: t = 19.85, p < 0.001; attitude: t = 15.02, p < 0.001), knowledge of mental health (t = 28.04, p < 0.001), and psychological distress (t = -2.41, p = 0.016). Conclusion The results suggest that the program might be effective for improving intended, but not reported, behavior in the short term and for improving mental health literacy, knowledge of mental health, and psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mako Iida
- Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Utako Sawada
- Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kentaro Usuda
- Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Megumi Hazumi
- Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Emi Okazaki
- Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | | | - Mayumi Kataoka
- Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Natsu Sasaki
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yasutaka Ojio
- Department of Community Mental Health & Law, National Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Asami Matsunaga
- Department of Community Mental Health & Law, National Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Graduate School of Health Care SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)Bunkyo‐kuJapan
| | - Ikue Umemoto
- National Center for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and ResearchNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Miyuki Makino
- National Center for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and ResearchNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Ayako Nakashita
- Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Chiaki Kamikawa
- Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Naoaki Kuroda
- Department of Community Mental Health & Law, National Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Hironori Kuga
- National Center for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and ResearchNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | | | - Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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12
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Boelen PA, Eisma MC, de Keijser J, Lenferink LIM. Treatment Gap in Mental Health Care for Victims of Road Traffic Accidents. Clin Psychol Psychother 2024; 31:e2970. [PMID: 38600844 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are among the most frequent negative life-events. About one in five RTA survivors is susceptible to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Knowledge about needs for, and usage of, mental health services (MHSs) may improve options for care for RTA victims. The current study aimed to assess rates of victims using different MHSs, including psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and support groups, and to explore correlates of needs for and use of these MHSs. Further, we aimed to estimate the treatment gap in post-RTA care, defined as including people with probable PTSD who did not use MHSs and people wanting but not getting help from MHSs. Dutch victims of nonlethal RTAs (N = 259) completed self-report measures on needs for and use of MHSs and PTSD. Results showed that 26% of participants had utilized care from psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy or support groups. Among people with probable PTSD, this was 56%. Increased posttraumatic stress was the strongest correlate of MHS use. Forty-eight participants (17.8%) had an unmet care need and represented the treatment gap. Commonly reported reasons and barriers preventing MHS use were perceptions that problems were limited or would disappear without care and financial worries. Regarding possible future care, participants reported a preference for face-to-face (over online) help from a psychologist (over other professionals). The treatment gap for Dutch RTA victims may be limited. However, a significant number of RTA victims need care but do not obtain this care. Care options may be improved by reducing practical barriers to MHSs and increasing mental health literacy and acceptability of different forms of care (besides face-to-face care).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Boelen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten C Eisma
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos de Keijser
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lonneke I M Lenferink
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Psychology, Health & Technology, Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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13
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Meilsmeidth G, Trigueiro MJ, Simões-Silva V, Simões de Almeida R, Portugal P, Gomes PV, de Sousa S, Campos F, Monteiro P, Soutelo AP, Marques A. Assessing the efficacy of the 'Bicho De 7 Cabeças' B-learning school-based program in enhancing mental health literacy and reducing stigma. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:93. [PMID: 38395937 PMCID: PMC10893733 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01591-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of mental disorders in adolescents has a considerable impact on daily life, restricting tasks and diminishing overall quality of life while potentially leading to stigmatization. This study aims to measure the impact of a mental health literacy intervention program, called "Bicho de 7 Cabeças" project, in b-learning format, on the increase of knowledge and the decrease of stigma in young people from Póvoa de Varzim, in Portugal. A quasi-experimental study was conducted, from November 2022 to May 2023, involving an experimental group ("Bicho de 7 Cabeças" protocol) and an active control group (informational brochures), utilizing a pre-test/post-test design. Mental Health Literacy Measure-MHLM, Mental Health Promoting Knowledge Scale-MHPK-10, Mental Illness Knowledge Schedule-MAKS, Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale-RIBS, and Community Attitudes toward People with Mental Illness-CAMI were used. A total of 504 young students from the 9th grade enroll in this study, with a mean age around 14 years old. There is a significant difference between stigma (p <.001) and knowledge (p <.001) scores at baseline and follow-up. The results of this study shows that interventions aimed at young people for the promotion of mental health literacy and stigma reduction are needed and more initiatives should be implemented in schools to address these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislene Meilsmeidth
- LabRP- CIR, ESS, Polytechnic University of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400 4200 - 072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Trigueiro
- LabRP- CIR, ESS, Polytechnic University of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400 4200 - 072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Simões-Silva
- LabRP- CIR, ESS, Polytechnic University of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400 4200 - 072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Simões de Almeida
- LabRP- CIR, ESS, Polytechnic University of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400 4200 - 072, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paula Portugal
- LabRP- CIR, ESS, Polytechnic University of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400 4200 - 072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Veloso Gomes
- LabRP- CIR, ESS, Polytechnic University of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400 4200 - 072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara de Sousa
- LabRP- CIR, ESS, Polytechnic University of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400 4200 - 072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Campos
- LabRP- CIR, ESS, Polytechnic University of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400 4200 - 072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Monteiro
- LabRP- CIR, ESS, Polytechnic University of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400 4200 - 072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Soutelo
- LabRP- CIR, ESS, Polytechnic University of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400 4200 - 072, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Marques
- LabRP- CIR, ESS, Polytechnic University of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400 4200 - 072, Porto, Portugal
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14
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Wright J, Chalmers KJ, Rossetto A, Reavley NJ, Kelly CM, Jorm AF. Redevelopment of mental health first aid guidelines for substance use problems: a Delphi study. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:70. [PMID: 38351023 PMCID: PMC10865545 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use problems have a major impact on the physical and mental health of individuals, families and communities. Early intervention may have a positive effect on recovery and treatment outcomes for those with substance use problems, reducing related risk and harm. Separate mental health first aid guidelines on how a member of the public could assist someone experiencing or developing alcohol use and drug use problems in high income Western countries were developed using Delphi expert consensus in 2009 and 2011, respectively. This study aimed to synthesise and update these two original guidelines to reflect current evidence and best practice. METHODS The Delphi expert consensus method was used to determine the inclusion of statements in the redeveloped guidelines. A questionnaire was developed using previously endorsed helping statements from the original guidelines on alcohol and drug use problems, as well as relevant content identified in systematic searches of academic and grey literature. Three panels of experts (people with lived experience, support people and professionals) rated statements over three consecutive online survey rounds to determine the importance of their inclusion in the guidelines. Statements endorsed by at least 80% of each panel were included. RESULTS 103 panellists completed all three survey rounds. They rated 469 statements and endorsed 300 of these for inclusion in the redeveloped guidelines. CONCLUSIONS This study has developed a broader and more comprehensive set of guidelines for how to support a person experiencing or developing a substance use problem. The redeveloped guidelines provide more detail on knowledge about and recognition of substance use problems, approaching and assisting people who want to change or are not ready to change, harm reduction, community-based supports and professional help, but have less on physical first aid actions. Mental Health First Aid International will use these guidelines in future updates of their training courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Wright
- Centre for Mental Health and Community Wellbeing, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health , The University of Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Kathryn J Chalmers
- Centre for Mental Health and Community Wellbeing, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health , The University of Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, Level 18, 150 Lonsdale Street, 3000, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alyssia Rossetto
- Centre for Mental Health and Community Wellbeing, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health , The University of Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicola J Reavley
- Centre for Mental Health and Community Wellbeing, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health , The University of Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Claire M Kelly
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, Level 18, 150 Lonsdale Street, 3000, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- Centre for Mental Health and Community Wellbeing, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health , The University of Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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15
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Agrest M, Tapia-Munoz T, Encina-Zúñiga E, Vidal-Zamora I, Geffner N, Ardila-Gómez S, Alvarado R, Leiderman EA, Reavley N. Development of mental health first-aid guidelines for psychosis: a Delphi expert consensus study in Argentina and Chile. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:113. [PMID: 38336694 PMCID: PMC10858466 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic symptoms may be less common than anxiety or affective symptoms, but they are still frequent and typically highly debilitating. Community members can have a role in helping to identify, offer initial help and facilitate access to mental health services of individuals experiencing psychosis. Mental health first aid guidelines for helping a person experiencing psychosis have been developed for the global north. This study aimed to adapt the English- language guidelines for Chile and Argentina. METHODS A Delphi expert consensus study was conducted with two panels of experts, one of people with lived experience of psychosis (either their own or as a carer; n = 29) and another one of health professionals (n = 29). Overall, 249 survey items from the original English guidelines and 26 items suggested by the local team formed a total of 275 that were evaluated in the first round. Participants were invited to rate how essential or important those statements were for Chile and Argentina, and encouraged to suggest new statements if necessary. These were presented in a second round. Items with 80% of endorsement by both panels were included in the guidelines for Chile and Argentina. RESULTS Data were obtained over two survey rounds. Consensus was achieved on 244 statements, including 26 statements locally generated for the second round. Almost 20% of the English statements were not endorsed (n = 50), showing the applicability of the original guidelines but also the importance of culturally adapting them. Attributions and tasks expected to be delivered by first aiders were shrunk in favour of a greater involvement of mental health professionals. Self-help strategies were mostly not endorsed and as were items relating to respecting the person's autonomy. CONCLUSIONS While panellists agreed that first aiders should be aware of human rights principles, items based on recovery principles were only partially endorsed. Further research on the dissemination of these guidelines and development of a Mental Health First Aid training course for Chile and Argentina is still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Agrest
- Proyecto Suma, Güemes 4130 (1425), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Thamara Tapia-Munoz
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Esteban Encina-Zúñiga
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isidora Vidal-Zamora
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Norma Geffner
- Proyecto Suma, Güemes 4130 (1425), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sara Ardila-Gómez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rubén Alvarado
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Eduardo A Leiderman
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Palermo, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicola Reavley
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Lo K, Ahern G, Rossetto A, Farlie MK. Mental Health First Aid Training for Allied Health Clinical Educators: A Pre- and Post-Evaluation. Physiother Can 2024; 76:55-63. [PMID: 38465309 PMCID: PMC10919358 DOI: 10.3138/ptc-2021-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Health profession students may experience mental health issues during training, and clinical educators report that they don't feel confident in supporting students with these issues. This study explored whether a customized Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training programme changed the knowledge, perceptions, intentions, and confidence of clinical educators in supporting students with mental health issues in the workplace. Method Twenty-four allied health clinical educators from a tertiary health service attended a two-day customized MHFA course. The educators completed assessments before (n = 21) and after (n = 23) the course. Quantitative data was analyzed using independent t-tests. Qualitative data was thematically analyzed using content analysis. Results Knowledge improved significantly (p = <0.001). The confidence to manage students with mental health issues increased significantly (p < 0.001). A significant change in perception was only found with respect to a character in a scenario being dangerous or unpredictable. Intentions to assist co-workers and students with mental health issues improved for all items but not necessarily significantly. Conclusions This programme improved educators' knowledge of mental health, perceptions of people with mental health issues, intentions of providing help, and confidence to support people with mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Lo
- From the:
Physiotherapy Department, Monash University, Frankston, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Ahern
- From the:
Physiotherapy Department, Monash University, Frankston, Australia
- Eastern Health/Victorian Police Mental Health and Police Response, Burwood, Australia
| | - Alyssia Rossetto
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melanie K. Farlie
- From the:
Physiotherapy Department, Monash University, Frankston, Australia
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17
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Aller TB, Fauth EB, Kelley HH, Hodgskiss S, Brown AL, Hellstern R. Associations between college students' personal experience with mental health issues and their mental health literacy: a strengths-based perspective. J Ment Health 2024; 33:118-126. [PMID: 35545922 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2022.2069692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health literacy (MHL) programs are a promising approach to help prevent mental health issues (MHI) among college students; however, there is an increasing need to understand individual factors that influence the development of students' MHL. AIMS Following a strengths-based approach, we examined if college students' individual characteristics and MHI experience were associated with students' MHL. METHODS Using two vastly different college samples (Sample 1, N = 617; Sample 2, N = 306), we used the Mental Health Awareness and Advocacy framework, guided by the health belief model and social-cognitive theory, to investigate associations between students' mental health literacy, demographic factors, and their previous experience with MHI. RESULTS Results from nested regression analyses suggest that personal experiences with MHI are associated with higher MHL (knowledge, self-efficacy, and behaviors), even after controlling for key individual characteristics. Prior experience with having an MHI and receiving therapy appeared to be most important in explaining MHL behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Students with personal experience with an MHI may be one of the most valuable resources for increasing MHL and utilization of mental health resources on college campuses. Additional implications and future research directions are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty B Aller
- Center for Persons with Disabilities, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Fauth
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Heather H Kelley
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Sarah Hodgskiss
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Andres L Brown
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Rylan Hellstern
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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18
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Mulawa MI, Docherty SL, Bailey DE, Gonzalez-Guarda RM, Lipkus IM, Randolph SD, Yang Q, Pan W. A Hybrid Pragmatic and Factorial Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial for an Anti-racist, Multilevel Intervention to Improve Mental Health Equity in High Schools. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s11121-023-01626-x. [PMID: 38175459 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-023-01626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Systemic racism is pervasive in US society and disproportionately limits opportunities for education, work, and health for historically marginalized and minoritized racial and ethnic groups, making it an urgent issue of social justice. Because systemic racism is a social determinant of health prevalent across multiple social and institutional structures, it requires multilevel intervention approaches using effective designs and analytic methods to measure and evaluate outcomes. Racism is a fundamental cause of poor health outcomes, including mental health outcomes; thus, mental health services and programs that address racism and discrimination are key to promoting positive mental health of racial and ethnic minority youth. While multilevel interventions are well-suited for improving outcomes like youth mental health disparities, their evaluation poses unique methodological challenges, requiring specialized design and analytic approaches. There has been limited methodological guidance provided to researchers on how to test multilevel interventions using approaches that balance methodological rigor, practicality, and acceptability across stakeholder groups, especially within communities most affected by systemic racism. This paper addresses this gap by providing an example of how to rigorously evaluate a hypothetical, theoretically based, multilevel intervention promoting mental health equity in three US school systems using an anti-racist approach intervening at the macro- (i.e., school system), meso- (i.e., school), and micro- (i.e., family and student) levels to improve mental health in adolescents. We describe the design, sample size considerations, and analytic methods to comprehensively evaluate its effectiveness while exploring the extent to which the components interact synergistically to improve outcomes. The methodological approach proposed can be adapted to other multilevel interventions that include strategies addressing macro-, meso-, and micro-levels of influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta I Mulawa
- Duke University School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Sharron L Docherty
- Duke University School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Donald E Bailey
- Duke University School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Isaac M Lipkus
- Duke University School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Qing Yang
- Duke University School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wei Pan
- Duke University School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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19
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Encina-Zúñiga E, Rodante D, Agrest M, Tapia-Munoz T, Vidal-Zamora I, Ardila-Gómez S, Alvarado R, Leiderman EA, Reavley N. Development of mental health first-aid guidelines for suicide risk: a Delphi expert consensus study in Argentina and Chile. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:928. [PMID: 38082256 PMCID: PMC10712185 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide continues to pose a significant global public health challenge and ranks as one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Given the prevalence of suicide risk in the community, there is a significant likelihood of encountering individuals who may be experiencing suicidal thoughts or plans, creating an opening for non-health professionals to offer support. This study aims to culturally adapt the original Australian Mental Health First Aid Guidelines for suicide risk to the Chilean and Argentine context. METHODS A two-round Delphi expert consensus study was conducted involving two panels, one comprising individuals with personal experience in suicide thoughts/attempts or caregiving for those with such experiences (n = 18), and the other consisting of professionals specialized in suicide assessment and support for individuals at risk (n = 25). They rated a total of 179 items mainly derived from guidelines developed by Australian experts and translated into Spanish (168), and new items included by the research team (11). The panel members were requested to assess each item utilizing a five-point Likert scale. During the second round, items that received moderate approval in the initial round were re-evaluated, and new items suggested by the local experts in the first round were also subjected to evaluation in the next round. Inclusion in the final guidelines required an 80% endorsement as "essential" or "important" from both panels. RESULTS Consensus of approval was reached for 189 statements. Among these, 139 statements were derived from the English-language guidelines, while 50 locally generated statements were accepted during the second round. A significant difference from the original guideline was identified concerning the local experts' reluctance to discuss actions collaboratively with adolescents. Furthermore, the local experts proposed the inclusion of an entirely new section addressing suicide risk in older individuals, particularly focusing on suicide methods and warning signs. CONCLUSIONS A Delphi expert consensus study was conducted to culturally adapt mental health first aid guidelines for assessing suicide risk in Chile and Argentina. This study involved professionals and individuals with lived experience. While many items were endorsed, some related to inquiring about suicide risk and autonomy, particularly for adolescents, were not. An additional section for older individuals was introduced. Future research should explore the implementation and impact of these adapted guidelines in training courses. This is vital for enhancing mental health support and implementing effective suicide prevention strategies in Chile and Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Encina-Zúñiga
- Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Demián Rodante
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Farmacología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Fundación Foro para la salud mental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Agrest
- Proyecto Suma, Güemes 4130 (1425), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Thamara Tapia-Munoz
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Isidora Vidal-Zamora
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sara Ardila-Gómez
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Rubén Alvarado
- Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Eduardo A Leiderman
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicola Reavley
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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20
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Witcomb GL, White HJ, Haycraft E, Holley CE, Plateau CR, McLeod CJ. COVID-19 and coping: Absence of previous mental health issues as a potential risk factor for poor wellbeing in females. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2023; 2:100113. [PMID: 36785729 PMCID: PMC9907791 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2023.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused unprecedented disruption to everyday life. Unsurprisingly, this has resulted in increased prevalence of poor mental wellbeing. While previous mental health issues have been consistently flagged as a risk factor, the absence of these may also leave individuals vulnerable due to a lack of psychological coping strategies. This study explored the change in symptoms of anxiety, depression, and trauma in 167 females who provided data at four timepoints over the course of the first year of the pandemic. There was a significant effect of time on the extent of the change in depression but, for all wellbeing measures, those with current or previous mental health issues experienced a similar magnitude of change as those with no previous issues. This suggests that low-risk individuals may be faring worse, relatively. Ensuring that this group is not overlooked will be imperative in protecting and re-building the wellbeing of the nation.
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21
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Kumar AAW. Stigmatizing attitudes towards mental illness: A cross-sectional survey of Australian medical students. Australas Psychiatry 2023; 31:734-740. [PMID: 37724416 PMCID: PMC10725625 DOI: 10.1177/10398562231202119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the degree of stigmatizing attitudes and psychological distress amongst Australian medical students in order to better understand factors that may impact help-seeking behaviours of students. We hypothesize that sociodemographic factors will not significantly predict stigmatizing attitudes, and increasing levels of psychological distress will be associated with increasing stigma. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was distributed to medical students at Western Australian universities and members of the Australian Medical Students' Association. Stigma was scored using the Mental Illness Clinicians' Attitudes (MICA-2) scale. Psychological distress was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Participants provided information about gender, age, spirituality, financial hardship, treatment for mental illness, and experience in psychiatry. RESULTS There were 598 responses. The mean (Standard Deviation) MICA-2 score was 36.8 (7.5) out of a maximum of 96, and the mean (SD) HADS depression score was 4.7 (3.7). The mean (SD) HADS anxiety score was 9.3 (4.4). Past or current treatment for a mental illness was associated with lower MICA-2 scores. There was no association between MICA-2 and HADS scores, or sociodemographic factors. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate relatively low MICA-2 scores and high HADS-A scores overall, with no association between HADS scores and stigma.
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Reinhardt A, Eitze S. Breaking the endometriosis silence: a social norm approach to reducing menstrual stigma and policy resistance among young adults. Psychol Health 2023:1-23. [PMID: 37921431 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2277838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endometriosis is a menstrual disorder that affects one in ten women. Diagnosis often takes several years due to low awareness and menstrual stigma. In this study, we employed a social norm approach (SNA) to investigate the effects of an educational leaflet on endometriosis knowledge, menstrual stigma, and acceptance of paid menstrual leave among women and men. METHODS The 3 × 2 online experiment tested the influence of either descriptive norm messages or both descriptive and injunctive norm messages (compared to a control group, factor 1) in an educational leaflet by taking the role of addressee's sex into account (quasi-experimental factor 2). The study included 796 German participants aged 16-35. RESULTS Men exhibited significantly poorer knowledge, stronger menstrual stigma, and weaker policy acceptance compared to women. No significant main effect of the social norm messages on menstrual stigma was found. In contrast, the combined norm messages seem to be beneficial when addressing policy acceptance. Moreover, compared to the control group, the intervention material indirectly influenced stigma and policy acceptance through increased knowledge. CONCLUSIONS Providing information about social norms appears to be an effective strategy for educating not only women but especially men about menstrual disorders like endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Reinhardt
- Department of Communication, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Eitze
- Department of Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
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Wilcox HC, Pas E, Murray S, Kahn G, DeVinney A, Bhakta S, Rosenbaum L, Hart LM. Effectiveness of teen Mental Health First Aid in Improving Teen-to-Teen Support Among American Adolescents. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2023; 93:990-999. [PMID: 37424234 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND teen Mental Health First Aid (tMHFA) is an Australian school-based universal program for grade 10 to 12 students. tMHFA teaches teens how to recognize and respond to a peer in crisis or experiencing mental health concerns. METHODS Schools implementing tMHFA in 2019 and 2020 were propensity score matched, yielding a sample of instructors (n = 130) and students (n = 1915) in 44 high schools in 24 American states. Effectiveness and acceptability were assessed with student surveys at baseline and after implementation. RESULTS There were significant findings for primary outcomes, including improved helpful first aid intentions (Cohen ds = 0.57 to 0.58), confidence supporting a peer (ds = 0.19 to 0.31); the number of adults rated as helpful (ds = 0.37 to 0.44); and reductions in stigmatizing beliefs (ds = 0.21 to 0.40) and "harmful first aid intentions" (ds = 0.11 to 0.42). Instructors and students rated the program favorably with students sharing improvements on their recognition and responses to mental health problems and crises. CONCLUSION tMHFA is an effective, feasible, and scalable training program for increasing mental health literacy and decreasing mental health stigma in adolescents in the short term, consistent with trials of tMHFA in Australian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly C Wilcox
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
| | - Elise Pas
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
| | - Sarah Murray
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
| | | | - Aubrey DeVinney
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
| | - Sanjana Bhakta
- National Council for Mental Wellbeing, Washington, DC, 20005
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Aghabozorgi K, van der Jagt A, Bell S, Brown C. Assessing the impact of blue and green spaces on mental health of disabled children: A scoping review. Health Place 2023; 84:103141. [PMID: 37951182 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
During recent decades, there has been a growing consideration of the role of blue and green spaces on mental health of children, but there is insufficient attention in the literature to the mental health of children with disabilities. This paper presents an overview of the evidence on how blue and green spaces affect the mental health of children with various disabilities. A database search found twenty studies eligible for the review, after several consecutive screening stages. Most studies used a cross-sectional design and were carried out in Europe. The results consistently indicate that blue and green space can reduce emotional, behavioral, and social problems in disabled children. A protective association was found between the level of blue or greenness and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Moreover, in most of the studies there were no significant changes in the result after adjusting for socioeconomic confounders. Generally, there is an identified need for more short-term exposure studies in this area, focusing on the impact of landscape design elements on mental health of disabled children. The findings of this scoping review call on urban planners, health care workers and decision makers to consider appropriate measures and interventions providing more blue and green space exposure to disabled children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koorosh Aghabozorgi
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Alexander van der Jagt
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon Bell
- Chair of landscape architecture, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56/1, Tartu, 51009, Estonia
| | - Caroline Brown
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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25
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Sibeoni J, Ellul P, Bubola T, Debiche Y, Piot MA. Mental health first aid training among healthcare French students: a qualitative study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1268277. [PMID: 37937137 PMCID: PMC10626461 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1268277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare students are a population more at risk for mental health issues, especially anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts. The health faculty of Université Paris Cité in France, Paris has implemented a Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) course aiming to improve students' mental health literacy, self-care and peer-support and to decrease stigma about mental illness. We conducted a qualitative study exploring the lived experience of this MHFA training course among healthcare students so to better assess its implementation within this specific context and population. Methods This qualitative study used the five-stage inductive process to analyze the structure of lived experience (IPSE) approach. All the healthcare students that had completed the 2-day MHFA training were approached to participate. Data was collected through individual semi-structured interviews and inclusion continued until data saturation was reached. Data analysis was based on an inductive, descriptive, and structuring procedure to determine the structure of lived experience characterized by the central axes of experience. Results Twenty students were included. Data analysis produced a common structure of lived experience based on three central axes of experience, (1) a personal experience, (2) a student experience and (3) a professional experience. The participants all experienced this course intertwined within these 3 axes. Their motivation to take the course was personal -being of feeling concerned by the topic-, was study-oriented - to learn and revise psychiatry- and was professional - so to develop both practical and soft skills. In their personal experience, participants reported a transformative experience and some interventions with friends and family, while both in their student and professional experience, they felt frustrated with both the content and the form of the course. Conclusion The results reported similar outcomes reported in the literature about skills, knowledge, and awareness; but mostly produce original avenues about how to better adapt such course to this specific population so to better address students' expectations and mental health issues. This MHFA course -with an adapted content addressing eating disorders, self-mutilations and sexual and gender-based violence - could be part of the early curriculum of healthcare students. The latter could then benefit from a level 2/advanced MHFA course years later specifically tailored for healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Sibeoni
- Argenteuil Hospital Centre, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adolescent, Argenteuil, France
- ECSTRRA Team, UMR, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Ellul
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Inserm Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), UMRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Théo Bubola
- Health Faculty, Medical School, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Yanis Debiche
- Health Faculty, Medical School, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Aude Piot
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malade, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Inserm, Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé des Populations (CESP), UMR, USQV, Villejuif, France
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Rugulies R, Aust B, Greiner BA, Arensman E, Kawakami N, LaMontagne AD, Madsen IEH. Work-related causes of mental health conditions and interventions for their improvement in workplaces. Lancet 2023; 402:1368-1381. [PMID: 37838442 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Mental health problems and disorders are common among working people and are costly for the affected individuals, employers, and whole of society. This discussion paper provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on the relationship between work and mental health to inform research, policy, and practice. We synthesise available evidence, examining both the role of working conditions in the development of mental disorders, and what can be done to protect and promote mental health in the workplace. We show that exposure to some working conditions is associated with an increased risk of the onset of depressive disorders, the most studied mental disorders. The causality of the association, however, is still debated. Causal inference should be supported by more research with stronger linkage to theory, better exposure assessment, better understanding of biopsychosocial mechanisms, use of innovative analytical methods, a life-course perspective, and better understanding of the role of context, including the role of societal structures in the development of mental disorders. There is growing evidence for the effectiveness of interventions to protect and promote mental health and wellbeing in the workplace; however, there is a disproportionate focus on interventions directed towards individual workers and illnesses, compared with interventions for improving working conditions and enhancing mental health. Moreover, research on work and mental health is mainly done in high-income countries, and often does not address workers in lower socioeconomic positions. Flexible and innovative approaches tailored to local conditions are needed in implementation research on workplace mental health to complement experimental studies. Improvements in translating workplace mental health research to policy and practice, such as through workplace-oriented concrete guidance for interventions, and by national policies and programmes focusing on the people most in need, could capitalise on the growing interest in workplace mental health, possibly yielding important mental health gains in working populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Birgit Aust
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ella Arensman
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Digital Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Junpukai Foundation, Okayama, Japan
| | - Anthony D LaMontagne
- School of Health and Social Development, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Ida E H Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Francis-Oliviero F, Loubières C, Grové C, Marinucci A, Shankland R, Salamon R, Perez E, Garancher L, Galera C, Gaillard E, Orri M, González-Caballero JL, Montagni I. Improving Children's Mental Health Literacy Through the Cocreation of an Intervention and Scale Validation: Protocol for the CHILD-Mental Health Literacy Research Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e51096. [PMID: 37796588 PMCID: PMC10587813 DOI: 10.2196/51096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children's mental health is a public health priority, with 1 in 5 European children younger than 12 years having a behavioral, developmental, or psychological disorder. Mental health literacy (MHL) is a modifiable determinant of mental health, promoting psychological well-being and reducing mental health problems. Despite its significance, no interventions or scales currently exist for increasing and measuring MHL in this population. OBJECTIVE This study has dual objectives: (1) cocreating and evaluating an intervention on children's MHL, and (2) developing and validating a scale that measures children's MHL. METHODS Our study focuses on children aged 9-11 years attending primary school classes in various settings, including urban and rural areas, and priority education zones within a French department. Using a participatory research approach, we will conduct workshops involving children, parents, teachers, and 1 artist to cocreate an intervention comprising multiple tools (eg, a pedagogical kit and videos). This intervention will undergo initial evaluation in 4 classes through observations, interviews, and satisfaction questionnaires to assess its viability. Concurrently, the artist will collaborate with children to create the initial version of the CHILD-MHL scale, which will then be administered to 300 children. Psychometric analyses will validate the scale. Subsequently, we will conduct a cluster randomized controlled trial involving a minimum of 20 classes, using the CHILD-MHL scale scores as the primary end point to evaluate the intervention's efficacy. Additional interviews will complement this mixed methods evaluation. Both the intervention and the scale are grounded in the Child-Focused MHL model. RESULTS The first tool of the intervention is the pedagogical kit Le Jardin du Dedans, supported by the public organization Psycom Santé Mentale Info and endorsed by UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund) France. The second tool is a handbook by the Pan American Health Organization and the World Health Organization, which is addressed to teachers to sensitize them to children's mental health problems. The third is a 5-page supplementary leaflet produced by the nongovernmental organization The Ink Link, which teaches children the notion of MHL. Finally, we produced 56 items of the MHL Scale and listed existing education policies for children's mental health. CONCLUSIONS After its robust evaluation, the intervention could be extended to several schools in France. The scale will be the first in the world to measure children's MHL. It will be used not only to evaluate interventions but also to provide data for decision makers to include MHL in all educational policies. Both the intervention and the scale could be translated into other languages. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/51096.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Francis-Oliviero
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Pôle de santé publique, Service d'Information Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Christine Grové
- School of Curriculum Teaching & Inclusive Education, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Fulbright Association, Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics College, Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Canberra, Australia
| | - Alexandra Marinucci
- School of Educational Psychology & Counselling, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Rebecca Shankland
- Laboratory Développement, Individu, Processus, Handicap, Éducation, Department of Psychology, Education and Vulnerabilities, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - Réda Salamon
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Cédric Galera
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Elsa Gaillard
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Massimiliano Orri
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Ilaria Montagni
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Allen JD, Kunicki ZJ, Greaney ML. Mental Health of Brazilian Immigrant Women: The Role of Discrimination, Social Support, and Community Strengths. J Immigr Minor Health 2023; 25:1016-1024. [PMID: 37191876 PMCID: PMC10185951 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-023-01485-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the mental health status of Brazilians living in the U.S. We assessed the prevalence and correlates of depression to guide the development of culturally relevant community-based mental health interventions. An online survey was conducted between July and August 2020 among a sample of Brazilian women living in the U.S. (age 18 and over, born in Brazil, English or Portuguese speaking) recruited through Brazilian social media pages and community organizations. The survey assessed depression using the Center for Epidemiological Study Depression Scale (CES-D-10), the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS), the Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS), and community strengths (CS). We first assessed the correlation between CES-D-10 scores and EDS, OSSS, and CS. We found that half of the participants (52.2%) had CES-D-10 scores of 10 or greater, indicating the presence of depressive symptomatology. In a multivariable model controlling for significant covariates (age, time lived in U.S.), EDS was positively associated with CES-D-10 scores (β = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.45, 0.83), while OSSS was negatively associated with CES-D-10 scores (β = -0.53, 95% C I= -0.80, -0.27). No statistically significant relationship was observed between CES-D-10 and CS scores. In this sample of Brazilian immigrant women, depressive symptomatology was highly prevalent, and experiences of discrimination were associated with increased symptoms of depression. There is a need to understand and address mental health in Brazilian immigrant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Allen
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University School of Arts and Sciences, 574 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
| | - Zachary J Kunicki
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard Box G-BH, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mary L Greaney
- Department of Health Studies, University of Rhode Island, 25 West Independence Way, Kingston, RI, USA
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Huang R, Peng X, Yu S, Tian Y, Gao C. Attitudes and intentions toward seeking professional psychological help among Chinese healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1223895. [PMID: 37779617 PMCID: PMC10539927 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1223895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has been suggested that healthcare workers (HCWs) are experiencing massive stressors that threaten their mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, but little is known about their attitudes and intentions toward seeking professional psychological help. This study aimed to investigate the attitudes and intentions of Chinese HCWs toward seeking professional psychological help during the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated factors. Methods A total of 1,224 Chinese HCWs working in hospitals were recruited online from 12 hospitals in Hunan province in China for a survey conducted in November 2022. The Chinese version of the attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help scale-short form (ATSPPH-SF) and the general help-seeking questionnaire (GHSQ) were separately used to assess the attitudes and intentions of the respondents toward seeking professional psychological help. Demographic and socio-psychological data were collected using a self-developed questionnaire, the perceived social support scale, the self-stigma of seeking help scale, and the patient health questionnaire-9 scale. Results The 1,208 HCWs in the final analysis showed relatively negative attitudes and low intentions toward seeking professional psychological help during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed that female sex (p = 0.031), experience of psychological learning (p < 0.001), and social support (p < 0.001) had a positive predictive effect on the attitudes of these HCWs toward seeking professional psychological help, whereas self-stigma of seeking help (p < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (p < 0.001) exerted negative effects. Moreover, experience of psychological learning (p = 0.004) and social support (p < 0.001) had a positive predictive effect on the intentions of these HCWs toward seeking professional psychological help, whereas divorced marital status (p = 0.011) and self-stigma of seeking help (p < 0.001) exerted negative effects. Conclusion The overall attitudes and intentions of HCWs toward seeking professional psychological help were not optimistic. Effective interventions targeted at influencing factors should be formulated to promote the professional psychological help-seeking attitudes and intentions of HCWs who are at risk of developing mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Huang
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Xiaoyan Peng
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Shuai Yu
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Yumei Tian
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Chuanying Gao
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
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Okoli CZ. Board of Directors' Column: (de)Stigmatization of Mental Illness and Mental Health Care. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2023; 29:432-435. [PMID: 37555439 DOI: 10.1177/10783903231191105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chizimuzo Zim Okoli
- Chizimuzo (Zim) Okoli, PhD, MPH, MSN, PMHNP-BC, FAAN, American Psychiatric Nurses Association, Falls Church, VA, USA
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Özbıçakçı Ş, Salkım ÖÖ. Investıgatıon in to psychometric properties of self stigma scale by seeking psychological help in adolescent students. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 72:129-134. [PMID: 37499441 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigmatization and help seeking are the one of the most important concepts of preventive interventions and mental health promotion in adolescent. METHODS This study is in descriptive, correlational and methodological design. The sample of the study consisted of 250 volunteer students studying in a total of six schools. The Self Stigma Scale in Seeking Psychological Help was used as a data collection tool. Data were evaluated with content validity index based on expert opinion, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. FINDINGS Factor loadings explained 52% of the total variance in the two sub-dimensions. The KMO value was determined as 0.76 and the sample was found to be sufficient. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the entire scale was determined as.74. The alpha values of the sub-dimensions were determined as 0.76 and 0.74, respectively. In both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, all factor loads are >0.30. In confirmatory factor analysis, all fit indices were found to be >0.80 and the RMSEA value was determined as 0.067. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study revealed that it is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to evaluate the level of self-stigma in seeking psychological help in adolescents. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS It is recommended that scale will be a guide in protective and preventive studies for researchers and school nurses working with students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şeyda Özbıçakçı
- Dokuz Eylul Universitesi (University of Dokuz Eylül), Nursing Faculty, Public Health Nursing Department, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkiye.
| | - Özlem Özkan Salkım
- Dokuz Eylül University Health Science Institute, Public Health Nursing, Turkiye
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32
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Ng R, O'Reilly CL, Collins JC, Roennfeldt H, McMillan SS, Wheeler AJ, El-Den S. Mental Health First Aid crisis role-plays between pharmacists and simulated patients with lived experience: a thematic analysis of debrief. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:1365-1373. [PMID: 36928545 PMCID: PMC10423112 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Healthcare professionals, including pharmacists, can recognise and assist people experiencing mental health crises. Despite this, little is known about how pharmacists assist and engage with people presenting with signs and symptoms of mental health crises. This study aimed to (i) examine pharmacists' mental health crisis assessment language during simulated patient role-plays (SPRPs) and (ii) explore participants' experiences of participating in SPRPs of Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) scenarios. METHODS Fifty-nine MHFA-trained pharmacy staff participated in audio-recorded SPRPs of three crisis scenarios enacted by a mental health consumer educator (MHCE). Post-SPRP, pharmacy staff members (including role-playing and observing participants), engaged in reflective debrief discussions with the facilitator and MHCEs. Debrief discussions were transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis and suicide assessment language was explored. RESULTS The majority of role-playing pharmacists asked about suicidal ideation using appropriate, direct language (n = 8). Qualitative analyses of debrief discussions yielded four themes: (i) Relationship with the consumer, (ii) Verbal and non-verbal communication, (iii) Challenges with crisis assessment, which included difficulties associated with initiating conversations about suicide and mania, and (iv) Reflective learning. CONCLUSION While pharmacists demonstrated the appropriate suicide assessment language post-MHFA training, pharmacists felt uncomfortable initiating conversations around suicide and lacked confidence during crisis assessments. SPRPs provided pharmacists with opportunities to reflect on and practice MHFA skills in a safe learning environment. Future research exploring how MHFA training and SPRPs impact pharmacists' ability to provide MHFA in real-world settings is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricki Ng
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Science Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Claire L O'Reilly
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Science Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jack C Collins
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Science Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Helena Roennfeldt
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sara S McMillan
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amanda J Wheeler
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarira El-Den
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Science Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Richardson R, Dale HE, Robertson L, Meader N, Wellby G, McMillan D, Churchill R. Mental Health First Aid as a tool for improving mental health and well-being. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 8:CD013127. [PMID: 37606172 PMCID: PMC10444982 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013127.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of mental health problems is high, and they have a wide-ranging and deleterious effect on many sectors in society. As well as the impact on individuals and families, mental health problems in the workplace negatively affect productivity. One of the factors that may exacerbate the impact of mental health problems is a lack of 'mental health literacy' in the general population. This has been defined as 'knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders, which aid their recognition, management, or prevention'. Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) is a brief training programme developed in Australia in 2000; its aim is to improve mental health literacy and teach mental health first aid strategies. The course has been adapted for various contexts, but essentially covers the symptoms of various mental health disorders, along with associated mental health crisis situations. The programmes also teach trainees how to provide immediate help to people experiencing mental health difficulties, as well as how to signpost to professional services. It is theorised that improved knowledge will encourage the trainees to provide support, and encourage people to actively seek help, thereby leading to improvements in mental health. This review focuses on the effects of MHFA on the mental health and mental well-being of individuals and communities in which MHFA training has been provided. We also examine the impact on mental health literacy. This information is essential for decision-makers considering the role of MHFA training in their organisations. OBJECTIVES To examine mental health and well-being, mental health service usage, and adverse effects of MHFA training on individuals in the communities in which MHFA training is delivered. SEARCH METHODS We developed a sensitive search strategy to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of MHFA training. This approach used bibliographic databases searching, using a search strategy developed for Ovid MEDLINE (1946 -), and translated across to Ovid Embase (1974 -), Ovid PsycINFO (1967 -), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and the Cochrane Common Mental Disorders Group's Specialised Register (CCMDCTR). We also searched online clinical trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO ICTRP), grey literature and reference lists of included studies, and contacted researchers in the field to identify additional and ongoing studies. Searches are current to 13th June 2023. SELECTION CRITERIA We included RCTs and cluster-RCTs comparing any type of MHFA-trademarked course to no intervention, active or attention control (such as first aid courses), waiting list control, or alternative mental health literacy interventions. Participants were individuals in the communities in which MHFA training is delivered and MHFA trainees. Primary outcomes included mental health and well-being of individuals, mental health service usage and adverse effects of MHFA training. Secondary outcomes related to individuals, MHFA trainees, and communities or organisations in which MHFA training has been delivered DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard Cochrane methods. We analysed categorical outcomes as risk ratios (RRs) and odds ratios (ORs), and continuous outcomes as mean differences (MDs) or standardised mean differences (SMDs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We pooled data using a random-effects model. Two review authors independently assessed the key results using the Risk of Bias 2 tool and applied the GRADE criteria to assess the certainty of evidence MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-one studies involving a total of 22,604 participants were included in the review. Fifteen studies compared MHFA training with no intervention/waiting list, two studies compared MHFA training with an alternative mental health literacy intervention, and four studies compared MHFA training with an active or an attention control intervention. Our primary time point was between six and 12 months. When MHFA training was compared with no intervention, it may have little to no effect on the mental health of individuals at six to 12 months, but the evidence is very uncertain (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.28; 3 studies; 3939 participants). We judged all the results that contributed to this outcome as being at high risk of bias. No study measured mental health service usage at six to 12 months. We did not find published data on adverse effects. Only one study with usable data compared MHFA training with an alternative mental health literacy intervention. The study did not measure outcomes in individuals in the community. It also did not measure outcomes at our primary time point of six to 12 months. Four studies with usable data compared MHFA training to an active or attention control. None of the studies measured outcomes at our primary time point of six to 12 months. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We cannot draw conclusions about the effects of MHFA training on our primary outcomes due to the lack of good quality evidence. This is the case whether it is compared to no intervention, to an alternative mental health literacy intervention, or to an active control. Studies are at high risk of bias and often not sufficiently large to be able to detect differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holly Eve Dale
- Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Bracknell, UK
| | | | | | - George Wellby
- Department of Psychiatry, West London Mental Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Dean McMillan
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Rachel Churchill
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
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Lu S, Hart LM, Jorm AF, Gregg K, Gross M, Mackinnon AJ, Morgan AJ. Adolescent peer support for mental health problems: evaluation of the validity and reliability of the Mental Health Support Scale for Adolescents. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:193. [PMID: 37391834 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01228-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mental Health Support Scale for Adolescents (MHSSA) is a criterion-referenced measure of adolescents' supportive intentions towards peers with mental health problems, which was developed for use in evaluations of adolescent mental health interventions, such as the teen Mental Health First Aid (tMHFA) program. The present study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the MHSSA. METHODS A sample of 3092 school students (Mean ± SD: 15.9 ± 0.4 years old) and 65 tMHFA Instructors (the adult group with known expertise in tMHFA) completed the 12 items of the MHSSA. A sub-sample of 1201 students repeated the scale after a 3-4-week interval. Item concordance rates with the tMHFA Action Plan across helpful and harmful intentions scales were calculated. Scale reliabilities were assessed using agreement coefficients from a single test administration and test-retest reliability measured by intraclass correlation coefficients. The mean differences of MHSSA scores of students and Instructors were compared using independent samples t-tests, while convergent validity was tested via correlations of the scale with validated measures of confidence in providing help, social distance and personal stigma. RESULTS The average score of Instructors was significantly higher than that of students. The scale was positively associated with confidence in providing help, whilst negatively associated with social distance and dimensions of personal stigma. All scales of MHSSA had high agreement coefficients (all > 0.80) and fair to good test-retest reliability over 3-4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The MHSSA shows evidence of validity and reliability for use among adolescents for evaluating the quality of intentions to help peers with mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Lu
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Laura M Hart
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Karen Gregg
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Maxine Gross
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew J Mackinnon
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Amy J Morgan
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Johnson CL, Gross MA, Jorm AF, Hart LM. Mental Health Literacy for Supporting Children: A Systematic Review of Teacher and Parent/Carer Knowledge and Recognition of Mental Health Problems in Childhood. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2023; 26:569-591. [PMID: 36763174 PMCID: PMC10123050 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-023-00426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The level of mental health literacy (MHL) in adults who work with or care for children is likely to influence the timeliness and adequacy of support that children receive for mental health problems. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on mental health literacy for supporting children (MHLSC, recognition/knowledge) among parents and teachers of school aged children (5 to 12 years old). A systematic search was conducted for quantitative studies published between 2000 and June 2021 using three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and ERIC) and relevant citations reviewed in Scopus. To be included, studies needed to measure at least either 'mental health knowledge' or 'recognition'. Synthesis proceeded according to study design, adult population, child MHP, then MHL outcome. Study quality was assessed using AXIS. 3322 documents were screened, 39 studies met inclusion criteria. 49% of studies examined teachers' knowledge or recognition of ADHD; only five studies reported on parent samples. Synthesis found a nascent field that was disparate in definitions, methods and measures. Little research focussed on knowledge and recognition for internalizing problems, or on parents. Methods used for measuring knowledge/recognition (vignette vs screening) were associated with different outcomes and the quality of studies was most often low to moderate. Adults appear to have good recognition of childhood ADHD but their knowledge of internalizing disorders is less clear. Further research is required to develop standard definitions and validated measures so gaps in MHLSC can be better identified across populations who have a role in supporting children with their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Johnson
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Level 5, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Maxine A Gross
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Level 5, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Level 5, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Laura M Hart
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Level 5, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, VIC, 3010, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Wiedermann CJ, Barbieri V, Plagg B, Marino P, Piccoliori G, Engl A. Fortifying the Foundations: A Comprehensive Approach to Enhancing Mental Health Support in Educational Policies Amidst Crises. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11101423. [PMID: 37239709 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent times, global crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, and geopolitical conflicts have significantly impacted pupils' mental health. This opinion article presents evidence-based recommendations to bolster mental health support within educational systems, aiming to alleviate the psychological burden faced by students during these challenging times. This article argues that a proactive, holistic approach to mental health is essential for building a resilient educational infrastructure. More than ever, we support the call for the integration of mental health education into the core curriculum, equipping students with vital coping skills and fostering emotional intelligence. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of training educators and staff to identify and address mental health issues. Furthermore, this article highlights the need for interdisciplinary collaboration involving general practitioners, mental health professionals, community organizations, and policymakers in crafting and implementing support strategies. Educational institutions can effectively leverage the expertise of diverse stakeholders to create targeted interventions by cultivating partnerships. Finally, the significance of continuously evaluating and refining mental health support policies to ensure their efficacy and adaptability in the face of evolving crises is emphasized. Through these comprehensive recommendations, this opinion article seeks to catalyze a transformation in educational policies, prioritize mental health support, and empower pupils to thrive during tumultuous times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Wiedermann
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, Claudiana-College of Health Professions, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, University of Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, 6060 Hall, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Verena Barbieri
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, Claudiana-College of Health Professions, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Barbara Plagg
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, Claudiana-College of Health Professions, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Marino
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, Claudiana-College of Health Professions, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giuliano Piccoliori
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, Claudiana-College of Health Professions, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Adolf Engl
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, Claudiana-College of Health Professions, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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Liang Md M, Chen Md Q, Guo Md J, Mei PhD Z, Wang Md J, Zhang Md Y, He Md L, Li PhD Y. Mental health first aid improves mental health literacy among college students: A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1196-1205. [PMID: 34242537 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1925286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mental health first aid (MHFA) may have beneficial effects on the public's knowledge, attitude, and behavior; however, its effectiveness in increasing mental health literacy on college students remains unknown. METHODS We systematically searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to January 2020. We included trials that compared the effect between the MHFA program group and control group on the knowledge, stigmatizing attitudes, confidence, and intention of college students. A random-effects model was used. RESULTS We analyzed five trials involving 1134 participants and found that the MHFA program could significantly increase the student's knowledge (SMD: 0.49, 95% CI: [0.28-0.70]) and confidence (SMD: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.24-1.19). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the MHFA program could increase college students' knowledge regarding mental health and confidence to support people with mental health problems. However, well-designed control trials are required to investigate the program's effect on mental health literacy in college students. ABBREVIATIONS MHFA, Mental health first aid; GPs, General Practioners; CI, confidence interval; SMD, standardized mean24difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mining Liang Md
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, Republic of China
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Chinese National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder (Xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, Republic of China
| | - Qiongni Chen Md
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, Republic of China
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Chinese National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder (Xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, Republic of China
| | - Jincai Guo Md
- Department of Medical Technology, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, Republic of China
| | - Zubing Mei PhD
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, Republic of China
| | - Junhui Wang Md
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang Md
- Nursing Teaching and Research Institute, Medical College of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi Province, Republic of China
| | - Li He Md
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, Republic of China
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Chinese National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder (Xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, Republic of China
| | - Yamin Li PhD
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, Republic of China
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Mitchell KJ, Banyard V, Ybarra M. Overlap Between Exposure to Suicidal Behavior and Indirect Interpersonal Violence: Evidence for a More Integrated Approach to Violence Research. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023:8862605231163238. [PMID: 37070812 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231163238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the overlap between indirect exposure to forms of interpersonal violence and suicidal behavior, and the impact of the co-occurrence of these exposures on indicators of depressed mood and substance use among adolescents. Participants were a national sample of 3,917 youth aged 14-15 years, recruited online between June 2018 and March 2020, including an oversample of sexual and gender minority youth. Eight in ten (81.3%) youth reported exposure to indirect interpersonal violence and/or suicidal behavior in their lifetimes: 39.5% reported only interpersonal violence exposure, 5.9% only suicidal behavior exposure, and 35.9% reported both. Youth who reported exposure to interpersonal violence were almost three times more likely (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.78, p < .001) to also report suicidal behavior exposure. Compared with youth having no indirect violence exposure, those with only interpersonal violence exposure were 2.25 times more likely (p < .001), those with only exposure to suicidal behavior 2.93 times more likely (p < .001), and those with both were 5.63 times more likely to report recent depressed mood. The unadjusted odds of any substance use was significantly elevated for each type of indirect violence exposure, with the highest odds seen among youth with dual interpersonal violence and suicide exposure (OR = 4.87, p < .001). For both outcomes, significant findings remained but were attenuated after adjusting for demographic characteristics, non-victimization adversity exposure, and cumulative direct victimization. Findings suggest that the combination of exposure to interpersonal violence and suicidal behavior appears to be particularly impactful. Results highlight that assessment of trauma exposure among adolescents needs to be more comprehensive and include not only direct and indirect interpersonal violence, but also knowledge of other people's suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michele Ybarra
- Center for Innovative Public Health Research, San Clemente, CA, USA
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Rosenbaum LL, Bhakta S, Wilcox HC, Pas ET, Girgis K, DeVinney A, Hart LM, Murray SM. Cultural Adaptation of the teen Mental Health First Aid (tMHFA) Program from Australia to the USA. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 15:1-19. [PMID: 37359156 PMCID: PMC10107592 DOI: 10.1007/s12310-023-09576-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
teen Mental Health First Aid (tMHFA) is an evidence-based program developed in Australia that teaches young people in grades 10-12 how to identify and respond to signs of mental health challenges and crises among peers. Recognizing the growing adolescent mental health crisis in the USA, the National Council for Mental Wellbeing, in partnership with a Johns Hopkins University research team, used a multimethod research approach to adapt the program culturally and contextually from Australia to the USA. The goals of the study were to engage adolescents, MHFA instructors, and content area experts (N = 171) in a process to determine: how to retain the elements of the course that were evidence-based and effective while adapting the program for US students, what topics to add so US students have the essential information and skills teens needed to help a friend experiencing a mental health challenge or crisis, what changes to make to curriculum materials to ensure the style and delivery resonate with US students, and what tools to include so the program is implemented safely and with fidelity in diverse US schools. This paper outlines the adaptation process, including engaging participants, identifying key recommendations for modification, and making changes to the tMHFA program. The findings demonstrate the types of adaptations that may be needed to facilitate implementation and maintenance of program effectiveness when introducing tMHFA to new populations of students in the USA. In addition, the process outlined can be replicated toward this purpose as the program continues to expand both in the USA and in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey L. Rosenbaum
- Mental Health First Aid, National Council for Mental Wellbeing, Washington, DC USA
- Mental Health and Resilience Group, Cheverly, MD USA
- International Psychology Department, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Washington, DC USA
| | - Sanjana Bhakta
- Mental Health First Aid, National Council for Mental Wellbeing, Washington, DC USA
| | - Holly C. Wilcox
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Elise T. Pas
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Karen Girgis
- Mental Health First Aid, National Council for Mental Wellbeing, Washington, DC USA
| | - Aubrey DeVinney
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Laura M. Hart
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, Le Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah M. Murray
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
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Alshammari MK, Alotaibi NM, Al Suroor SN, Al Saed RS, Al-Hamoud AA, Alluwaif MA, Alamry MA, Alshehri NM, Alfaidi BE, Alzahrani RA, Almutiri BB, Alosaimi YS, Alosman AS, Alharbi AA, Alenezi AM. Global Advancement in Pharmacy Services for Mental Health: A Review for Evidence-Based Practices. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081082. [PMID: 37107916 PMCID: PMC10137606 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The symptoms of psychiatric infirmities have variability, and selected drug regimens for mental illness are comparatively complex and individualized; therefore, pharmacy services vary with respect to patients, diseases, healthcare settings, community structures, and countries. Clinical pharmacy services for mental health (MH) are continuously being upgraded. A structured search of the literature was performed in the Cochrane, PubMed (Medline), PsycINFO, Google scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, and Springer Links databases. The title and abstract of each retrieved article were evaluated for relevance. To remove uncertainty and ambiguity, the full-text articles were retrieved and examined for relevance. The articles were further assessed on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Narrative synthesis was performed, creating new categories and relevant subcategories and further subsections. The articles and the results were assessed for quality and bias. Pharmacists have a range of expertise in psychiatric care. The services can be classified as conventional, extended, and advanced pharmacy services. Conventional services include the quality use of medicines in healthcare settings and medication support services in communities that ensure medication adherence. Pharmacists perform extended roles in collaborative medication therapy management, multidisciplinary community mental health teams, collaborative care, patient education, home medication review, hospital-to-home transit, and screening services. In the USA, the role of pharmacists was advanced by prescribing as collaborative and interim prescribers. Australia launched an accredited program for psychiatric first-aid pharmacists. Pharmacists can provide mental care to rural populations using health technology. The role of pharmacists in MH is appreciated either independently or as a team member. Patients and healthcare providers rank the services of pharmacists in MH highly. Still, there is a margin for improvement in the training of pharmacists. Pharmacists cannot provide sufficient time to their patients. Public awareness about the role of pharmacists in MH needs more attention. Moreover, the training of psychiatric pharmacists should be standardized around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nawaf M Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 73213, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rami Saleh Al Saed
- Department of Pharmacy, Maternity and Children Hospital Dammam, Dammam 63400, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliaa Ali Al-Hamoud
- Department of Pharmacy, Maternity and Children Hospital Dammam, Dammam 63400, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mawahb Ahmed Alluwaif
- Department of Pharmacy, Maternity and Children Hospital Dammam, Dammam 63400, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Awadh Alamry
- Department of Pharmacy, Khamis Mushait General Hospital, Khamis Mushait 62441, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Bashaier Eed Alfaidi
- Department of Pharmacy, Umluj General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Northern Region, Umluj City 48312, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Yousef Saud Alosaimi
- Department of Pharmacy, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital, Riyadh 14926, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Saeed Alosman
- Department of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, South Zone, Abha 62541, Saudi Arabia
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Russell S, Kelly V, Polman R, Warren-James M. The Effectiveness of Online Mental Health First Aid Training in Community Rugby: A Mixed-Methods Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5391. [PMID: 37048006 PMCID: PMC10094660 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training exists to improve supportive behaviours towards peers, increase mental health literacy, and reduce stigma. Community sport clubs have potential to successfully deliver mental health programs. This study investigated the effectiveness of online MHFA training undertaken by members of the rugby community and evaluated the feasibility and usefulness of the online delivery mode and users' engagement with it. A mixed-methods approach was used to provide depth of understanding through qualitative analysis, combined with quantitative outcomes. Online surveys examining participants' knowledge and perceptions were administered pre- and post-MHFA training. Significant improvements (p < 0.05) across all assessed domains were observed post- compared to pre-MHFA training. A large effect size was identified in relation to advice giving and sign and symptom identification. A moderate effect size pre- to post-improvement was identified for users' perceptions of therapy's effectiveness, the ability of people with severe mental health conditions to recover, and benefit of a healthcare professional. Participants endorsed the MHFA program to improve mental health literacy, advance non-technical skills, and improve confidence. MHFA training can increase the awareness and knowledge of mental health issues in key individuals in community sport clubs and enable them to aid people with mental health concerns. Online MHFA training is associated with improved mental health literacy and may be a suitable and economically sustainable model for community sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanna Russell
- Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD 4014, Australia
| | - Vincent Kelly
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Remco Polman
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Melbourne, VIC 3806, Australia
| | - Matthew Warren-James
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia
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Nepal B, Khadka G, Jorm AF, Simkhada J, Gauli N, Hall N. Mental Health First Aid Training with the Nepalese Community in Australia: An Evaluation of Effects on Knowledge, Confidence, Intentions, Willingness to have Contact and Stigmatizing Attitudes. J Immigr Minor Health 2023; 25:398-405. [PMID: 36074317 PMCID: PMC9988997 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-022-01397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training amongst the Nepalese community in Australia by exploring the impact on knowledge about mental health first aid, confidence and intentions to help, willingness to have contact and stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental illness. We hypothesized that since MHFA has been extensively evaluated with other communities and has been found to be effective, it would therefore be effective with this community as well. MHFA training was conducted by an accredited Nepalese-Australian MHFA Instructor with 162 participants from the Nepalese community in four states of Australia. Participants completed an evaluation questionnaire prior to the training (pre-test) and at the end of the training (post-test). The evaluation questionnaire assessed participants? knowledge about what was taught in the course, ability to recognize depression as described in a vignette, confidence in providing help, intentions to provide help, and willingness to have contact and stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental illness. There were large improvements from pre-test to post-test in knowledge, confidence and intentions to help, medium improvements in willingness to have contact, small-to-medium improvements in stigmatizing attitudes and small improvements in recognition of depression. Participants gave high ratings of the course and the instructor. MHFA training produced improvements in knowledge, confidence, intentions, willingness to have contact and stigmatizing attitudes. The training was also well received. Further research is needed to assess persistence of these effects following the course and any changes in mental health first aid provided to the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Nepal
- School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | - Anthony F Jorm
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Neil Hall
- School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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Encina-Zúñiga E, Agrest M, Tapia-Munoz T, Vidal-Zamora I, Ardila-Gómez S, Alvarado R, Leiderman EA, Reavley N. Development of mental health first-aid guidelines for depression: a Delphi expert consensus study in Argentina and Chile. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:161. [PMID: 36918853 PMCID: PMC10013290 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is one of the most common mental health problems worldwide and, while prevalence rates in Latin America are relatively high, most people who meet the criteria for diagnosis do not receive treatment. Family and friends of a person with depression can play an important role in supporting a person to seek and engage with treatment. However, many people do not have the necessary skills or confidence to help. English-language mental health first aid guidelines have been developed to support people to provide such help. The aim of this study was to culturally adapt these guidelines for Chile and Argentina. METHODS A Delphi expert consensus study was conducted with two expert panels, one of people with lived experience of depression (either their own or as a carer; n = 26) and one of health professionals (n = 29). Overall, 172 statements from the English-language guidelines were translated and compiled into a questionnaire. Participants were asked to rate statements based on how essential or important those statements were for Chile and Argentina and to suggest new statements if necessary. RESULTS Data were obtained over two survey rounds. Consensus was achieved on 172 statements. A total of 137 statements were adopted from the English-language guidelines, whereas 35 new endorsed statements were generated from panel suggestions. There were similarities between the English-language guidelines and those for Chile and Argentina. The adapted guidelines did not include some of the items from the English-language guidelines related to commenting on a person's strengths or making judgements about their character, and also incorporated new items related to the incorporation of sociocultural considerations as causes of depression and attention to inequities in mental health. CONCLUSIONS The significant number of new items underscores the importance of undertaking a careful process of cultural adaptation. Further research on dissemination and incorporation of the guidelines into the Mental Health First Aid training course for Chile and Argentina is still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Encina-Zúñiga
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martín Agrest
- Proyecto Suma, Güemes 4130 (1425), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Thamara Tapia-Munoz
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Isidora Vidal-Zamora
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sara Ardila-Gómez
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rubén Alvarado
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- grid.412185.b0000 0000 8912 4050Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Eduardo A. Leiderman
- grid.441624.10000 0001 1954 9157Departamento de Neurociencias, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicola Reavley
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
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Bond KS, Lyons JN, Cottrill FA, Sabo AV, Baillie SE, Rossetto A, Kelly L, Kelly CM, Reavley NJ, Jorm AF, Morgan AJ. Evaluation of the Conversations about Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Mental Health First Aid Course: Effects on Knowledge, Stigmatising Attitudes, Confidence and Helping Behaviour. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3749. [PMID: 36834439 PMCID: PMC9963380 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a common mental health problem, with a 19% lifetime prevalence in Australian adolescents and 12% in adults. Though rates of professional help-seeking for NSSI are low, disclosure to family and friends is more common, providing opportunities for them to encourage professional support. Mental Health First Aid® Australia's Conversations about Non-Suicidal Self-Injury course provides evidence-based training for the general public to support a person engaging in NSSI. METHODS This uncontrolled trial evaluated the effects of the Conversations about Non-Suicidal Self-Injury course on participants' knowledge, confidence, stigmatising attitudes, and intended and actual helping behaviours. Surveys were administered pre- and post-course, and at a six-month follow-up. A linear mixed-model analysis determined mean change over time, and effect sizes were estimated using Cohen's d. Course satisfaction was assessed using descriptive statistics and summative content analysis of qualitative data. RESULTS The pre-course survey was completed by 147 Australian participants (77.5% female, mean age 45.8 years), 137 (93.2%) at post-course and 72 (49%) at follow-up. Knowledge, confidence, quality of intended helping behaviours, and quality of actual helping behaviours increased significantly at both time points. Social distance decreased significantly at all time points and stigma decreased significantly at post-course. The course was perceived to be highly acceptable by participants. CONCLUSIONS There is initial evidence that the Conversations about Non-Suicidal Self-Injury course is effective and acceptable for members of the public who may support a person engaging in NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy S. Bond
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, Level 18, 150 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Julia N. Lyons
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, Level 18, 150 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Fairlie A. Cottrill
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, Level 18, 150 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Amanda V. Sabo
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, Level 18, 150 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Simone E. Baillie
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, Level 18, 150 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Alyssia Rossetto
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Louise Kelly
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, Level 18, 150 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Claire M. Kelly
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, Level 18, 150 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Nicola J. Reavley
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony F. Jorm
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Amy J. Morgan
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3010, Australia
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Simões de Almeida R, Trigueiro MJ, Portugal P, de Sousa S, Simões-Silva V, Campos F, Silva M, Marques A. Mental Health Literacy and Stigma in a Municipality in the North of Portugal: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3318. [PMID: 36834014 PMCID: PMC9962300 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Portugal has Europe's second-highest prevalence of psychiatric illnesses, and this is the reason why mental health literacy (MHL) and stigma should be addressed. This study aimed to investigate the mental health literacy and stigma levels among different groups of people from Póvoa de Varzim, a municipality in the north of Portugal. Students, retired people, and professionals (education, social, and healthcare fields) were recruited using a convenience sample from June to November 2022. Participants' MHL levels were evaluated using the Mental Health Promoting Knowledge Scale (MHPK), Mental Health Literacy Measure (MHLM) and Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS). Stigma levels were evaluated using Community Attitudes towards Mental Illness (CAMI) and the Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale (RIBS). A total of 928 questionnaires were filed. The respondents included 65.70% of women, a mean age of 43.63 (±26.71) years and 9.87 (±4.39) years of school education. MHL increased with age, education level and was higher in women (p < 0.001). A higher level of MHL was seen in health professionals (p < 0.001). Findings revealed that older people stigmatized people with mental illness more (p < 0.001), and the female gender stigmatize less (p < 0.001). In addition, results showed that stigma decreased with higher mental health literacy (r between 0.11 and 0.38; p < 0.001). To conclude, specific campaigns that promote mental health literacy should be tailored to specific profiles within this population to address those that have more stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Simões de Almeida
- Psychosocial Rehabilitation Laboratory, Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Trigueiro
- Psychosocial Rehabilitation Laboratory, Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Portugal
- Psychosocial Rehabilitation Laboratory, Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara de Sousa
- Psychosocial Rehabilitation Laboratory, Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University Hospital Center of São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Simões-Silva
- Psychosocial Rehabilitation Laboratory, Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Campos
- Psychosocial Rehabilitation Laboratory, Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Silva
- Psychosocial Rehabilitation Laboratory, Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Marques
- Psychosocial Rehabilitation Laboratory, Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Kågström A, Pešout O, Kučera M, Juríková L, Winkler P. Development and validation of a universal mental health literacy scale for adolescents (UMHL-A). Psychiatry Res 2023; 320:115031. [PMID: 36608527 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.115031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mental health literacy (MHL) grows in importance as the prevalence of mental health conditions rises worldwide. There is a need for valid MHL measures especially among adolescents. The current study aims to develop and validate a Universal mental health literacy scale for adolescents (UMHL-A), a self report scale to assess MHL of children between ages 10 and 14 across all four components within Kutcher's framework for MHL. The development of the UMHL-A was initiated by a literature review and followed by item generation. Then, we tested the face and content validity of the scale via a delphi study, focus groups and cognitive interviews with the target group. Next with a convenience sample, we established the factor structure and construct validity of the scale using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Lastly, we tested the scale convergent validity with other measures. The final form of the scale was refined on a representative sample of Czech asolescents. The UMHL-A scale comprises 17 items measuring four components of MHL. The scale has substantial methodological advantages in comparison to existing measures of MHL, especially considering its brevity and comprehensive coverage of MHL. Further studies are needed to test its application and validity globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kågström
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Pešout
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Matěj Kučera
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Juríková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Winkler
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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Scotti Requena S, Alves Assumpção T, Mesquita Peres CH, Vidotto Cerqueira A, Loch AA, Li W, Reavley NJ. Cultural adaptation of the mental health first aid guidelines for depression in Brazil: a Delphi expert consensus study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:76. [PMID: 36707802 PMCID: PMC9881332 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a significant contributor to disability in Brazil, with most Brazilians affected by depression receiving no treatment. As the community, including family and friends, plays a crucial role in providing support for someone with depression, it is important that evidence-based resources are available to support people who wish to help. The aim of this study was to culturally adapt the English-language mental health first aid guidelines for assisting a person with depression for the Brazilian culture. METHODS A Delphi expert consensus study was conducted, with two expert panels; health professionals (n = 29) and people with lived experience of depression (n = 28). One hundred and seventy-four statements from the English-language guidelines were translated into Brazilian Portuguese and administered as a survey. Participants were asked to rate statements based on how appropriate those statements were for the Brazilian culture and to suggest new statements if appropriate. RESULTS Data were collected over two survey rounds. Consensus was achieved on 143 statements. A total of 133 statements were adopted from the English-language guidelines, whereas 10 new endorsed statements were generated from suggestions of the two expert panels. CONCLUSIONS There were similarities between the English-language and Brazilian guidelines, mainly related to family involvement and the value of empathy. More research on dissemination and incorporation of the guidelines into the Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training course for Brazil is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Scotti Requena
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thais Alves Assumpção
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Laboratorio de Neurociencias (LIM 27), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Mesquita Peres
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Laboratorio de Neurociencias (LIM 27), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Vidotto Cerqueira
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Laboratorio de Neurociencias (LIM 27), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Andrade Loch
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Laboratorio de Neurociencias (LIM 27), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil ,grid.450640.30000 0001 2189 2026Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (InBion), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wenging Li
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicola J. Reavley
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Millar L, Bhoyroo R, Molina YP, Watts J, Geagea A, Murphy J, Pollard CM. Intersection between health, health literacy and local government: a mixed methods approach to identifying ways to better connect people to place-based primary health care in western Australia. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:63. [PMID: 36681825 PMCID: PMC9860229 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this year-long mixed methods research was to examine the intersection between health, health literacy and local government to identify ways to better connect people to place-based primary health care (PHC). METHODS Four local government areas located within the Perth metropolitan geographic area provided the setting for the current research. Researchers were co-located into the four local governments over a 10-month period to engage with community stakeholders and services. Two methodologies were used to achieve the objective: eight group model building (GMB) workshops were conducted with N = 148 participants to create causal loop diagrams of the barriers and enablers to people being healthy and well in each of the LGAs and develop potential action ideas from these. Surveys were used to collect health service use and health literacy, as measured using a validated Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ), across the four LGAs (N = 409, approximately 100 respondents/area). RESULTS The causal loop diagram themes common across LGAs included: (1) mental health; (2) access to services; (3) health system capacity; (4) economics; and (5) physical wellbeing. Health literacy was relatively high for all nine domains of the HLQ. In the five domains rated from one to four the lowest score was 2.8 for 'appraisal of information' and the highest was 3.2 for 'feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers'. In the four domains rated from one to five; the lowest score was 3.7 for 'navigating the healthcare system' and the highest was 4.1 for 'understand health information well enough to know what to do'. Prioritised action ideas recommended increases in practitioners to meet local needs and training General Practitioners and other health staff in culturally sensitive and trauma informed health care. The survey findings and field notes from the GMB were used to construct personas embodied in vignettes highlighting general themes identified in the workshops including those relevant to local areas. CONCLUSIONS There are many possibilities for health care and local governments to work together to bring services to community members disengaged from the health system. Bringing together people from diverse backgrounds and organisations created synergies that resulted in novel and feasible potential strategies to improve community health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Millar
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Kent Street, WA 6845 Perth, Australia
| | - Ranila Bhoyroo
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Kent Street, WA 6845 Perth, Australia
| | - Yesid Pineda Molina
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Kent Street, WA 6845 Perth, Australia
| | - Jessica Watts
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Kent Street, WA 6845 Perth, Australia
| | - Antoinette Geagea
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Kent Street, WA 6845 Perth, Australia
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Kent Street, WA 6845 Perth, Australia
| | - Christina M Pollard
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Kent Street, WA 6845 Perth, Australia
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Evaluation of a training program to support the implementation of a community pharmacist-led support service for people living with severe and persistent mental illness. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2023; 63:807-816.e2. [PMID: 36788042 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With appropriate training, community pharmacists can support people living with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) by identifying and managing medication-related issues and physical health concerns. The Bridging the Gap between Physical and Mental Illness in Community Pharmacy (PharMIbridge) randomized controlled trial (RCT) tested the impact of an individualized, pharmacist-led support service for people living with SPMI. OBJECTIVE(S) To evaluate the impact of the PharMIbridge training program on pharmacy participants' knowledge and confidence, as well as stigma and attitudes, in relation to supporting, and providing services to, people living with SPMI; compared to Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training alone. METHODS Pharmacy staff (n = 140) from 55 community pharmacies across four RCT regions attended face-to-face training. Both intervention group (IG) and comparator group (CG) participants received MHFA training while IG participants received additional PharMIbridge training, involving role-plays and mental health consumer educators (MHCEs). A questionnaire including validated instruments was administered at baseline, after training and after 12 months. Comparative analyses included paired t tests and mixed between/within analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS Pre and post-training surveys were completed by 136 participants, most of which were pharmacists. Both IG and CG participants had significant reductions in stigma (P < 0.001) post-training. IG participants' confidence and knowledge regarding metabolic monitoring significantly improved compared to CG (P < 0.001). IG participants were significantly more confident and comfortable in providing medication counseling, compared to CG participants (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION MHFA training reduced participants' stigma toward mental health. However, the purpose-designed PharMIbridge training program provided pharmacists with additional knowledge and skills to confidently support the physical health care needs of people living with SPMI. The inclusion of role-plays and MHCEs allowed pharmacists to self-reflect and practice skills in safe, supportive environments. Future studies should continue to involve MHCEs in pharmacy training and explore whether these improvements are sustainable.
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Dzemaili S, Pasquier J, Oulevey Bachmann A, Mohler-Kuo M. The Effectiveness of Mental Health First Aid Training among Undergraduate Students in Switzerland: A Randomized Control Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1303. [PMID: 36674060 PMCID: PMC9859566 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Half to three-fourths of mental disorders appear during adolescence or young adulthood, and the treatment gap is mainly due to lack of knowledge, lack of perceived need, and the stigmatization of mental illness. The aims of this study were to implement and evaluate a Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training program among undergraduates. Participants were second-year students from two universities in the French-speaking region of Switzerland (N = 107), who were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 53) or control group (n = 54). The intervention group received a 12-h MHFA course. Online questionnaires were completed before the intervention (T0), and both 3 months (T1) and 12 months (T2) after the intervention in order to evaluate the participants' mental health knowledge, recognition of schizophrenia, and attitudes and behaviors towards mental illness. We used Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) to examine the effects of intervention over time. After the MHFA course, the intervention group showed significantly increased basic knowledge and confidence helping others with mental illness and reduced stigmatization at both T1 and T2 compared to their baseline scores and compared to control groups. This suggests that the MHFA training program is effective and has significant short-term and long-term impacts, in terms of enhancing basic knowledge about mental health and improving attitudes towards mental illness among undergraduate students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Dzemaili
- La Source, School of Nursing Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Pasquier
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Annie Oulevey Bachmann
- La Source, School of Nursing Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Meichun Mohler-Kuo
- La Source, School of Nursing Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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