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Nishikori S, Fujita S. Association of fat-to-muscle mass ratio with physical activity and dietary protein, carbohydrate, sodium, and fiber intake in a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10631. [PMID: 38724633 PMCID: PMC11082163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Higher fat-to-muscle mass ratio (FMR) is reported to be a risk factor for various diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, and mortality. Although this association suggests that reducing FMR may help to prevent certain diseases and mortality, the relationship between FMR and lifestyle factors is unclear. Therefore, we performed a cross-sectional study with the aim to elucidate this relationship. This cross-sectional study included 1518 healthy Japanese adults aged 30 to 64 years. We measured FMR in the whole body, arms, legs, and trunk and assessed various lifestyle factors. Then, we performed forced entry multiple regression analyses for FMR with the following variables: sex, age, physical activity, dietary intake, sleep quality, cigarette smoking, stress levels, and body mass index. As a result, whole-body and regional FMRs were correlated with female sex (β = 0.71); age (β = 0.06); physical activity (β = - 0.07); dietary intake of protein (β = - 0.12), carbohydrate (β = 0.04), sodium (β = 0.13), and fiber (β = - 0.16); and body mass index (β = 0.70). The results suggest that in the Japanese middle-aged population, low FMR is associated with certain lifestyle factors, i.e. higher physical activity and a diet with higher protein and fiber and lower carbohydrate and sodium, independent of age, sex, and body mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Nishikori
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Japan
- Frontier Research Center, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., 560 Kashio-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Japan.
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Sorbie GG, Williams AK, Carter SE, Campbell AK, Glen J, Lavallee D, Sculthorpe N, Murray A, Beaumont AJ. Improved Physical Health in Middle-Older Aged Golf Caddies Following 24 Weeks of High-Volume Physical Activity. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:134-145. [PMID: 37939701 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physical demands of golf caddying, including walking while carrying a golf bag, may potentially affect body composition, and markers of metabolic, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal health. Therefore, this study examined the impact of 24 weeks of caddying on physical health in middle-older aged males. METHODS Eleven full-time experienced male caddies (age: 59 [8] y; caddying experience: 14 [12] y) were recruited from a local golf course. The following were assessed at preseason and after 24 weeks of caddying (March-September 2022): body composition, heart rate, blood pressure, blood lipids, and performance tests (static and dynamic balance, strength, and submaximal fitness). Physical activity (PA) levels were assessed at preseason and at the mid-point of the caddying season. Across the caddying season, participants completed a monthly average of 24.0 (3.8) rounds. RESULTS Following the caddying season, improvements in static balance (Δ = 13.5 s), dynamic balance (Δ = -1.8 s), and lower back absolute strength (Δ = 112.8 N), and muscle quality (Δ = 2.0 N·kg-1) were observed (all P < .05). Additionally, blood lipids, including total cholesterol (Δ = -0.6 mmol·L-1), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Δ = 0.1 mmol·L-1), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Δ = -0.6 mmol·L-1) (all P < .05), and body composition, including body mass (Δ = -2.7 kg), fat mass (Δ = -1.9 kg), fat percentage (Δ = -1.4%), fat-to-muscle ratio (Δ = -0.03), and body mass index (Δ = -0.9 kg·m-2) (all P < .05) improved. Caddying did not offer beneficial changes to cardiovascular variables or cardiorespiratory fitness (P > .05), while coronary heart disease risk score decreased (Δ = -3.3%) (P < .05). In relation to PA, light- (Δ = 145 min) and moderate-intensity (Δ = 71 min) PA, moderate to vigorous PA (Δ = 73 min), and total PA (Δ = 218 min) between preseason and the mid-point of the caddying season increased, while sedentary time (Δ = -172 min) decreased (all P < .05). CONCLUSION Golf caddying can provide several physical health benefits such as improvements in various markers of cardiometabolic health, lower back absolute strength, and static and dynamic balance. The physical health improvements that caddying offers is likely contributed to by increased PA volume and intensity through walking on the golf course. Therefore, caddying may represent a feasible model for increasing PA volume and intensity and achieve physical health-related benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme G Sorbie
- Division of Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley K Williams
- Division of Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie E Carter
- School of Science, Technology and Health, York St John University, York, United Kingdom
| | - Amy K Campbell
- School of Science, Technology and Health, York St John University, York, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Glen
- Division of Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - David Lavallee
- Division of Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Sculthorpe
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Sciences, School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Lanarkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Murray
- Medical and Scientific Department, The R&A, St Andrews, United Kingdom
- Sport and Exercise, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J Beaumont
- School of Science, Technology and Health, York St John University, York, United Kingdom
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Pavel FM, Bungau SG, Tit DM, Ghitea TC, Marin RC, Radu AF, Moleriu RD, Ilias T, Bustea C, Vesa CM. Clinical Implications of Dietary Probiotic Supplement (Associated with L-Glutamine and Biotin) in Ulcerative Colitis Patients' Body Composition and Quality of Life. Nutrients 2023; 15:5049. [PMID: 38140308 PMCID: PMC10745841 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are reported to have changes in body structure, with negative impact on the course of disease. This study explored the effects of a standardized nutritional supplement containing five bacterial strains of at least five billion bacteria (Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium animalis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Enterococcus faecium), L-glutamine, and biotin on the body composition and quality of life of patients with UC. Ninety-three patients over 18 years of age with a confirmed diagnosis of UC, for whom body composition could be accurately determined, were included in this observational follow-up randomized study. These patients were split into two groups: UC-P (44 patients with dietary counselling and supplement with probiotics) and UC-NP (49 patients with dietary counselling, without supplement). Body composition was assessed using the multifrequency bioelectrical impedance device, and the quality of life related to UC was evaluated by applying the short inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (SIBDQ). The results showed that the average value of muscular mass (MM) and sarcopenic index (SMI) significantly increased (p = 0.043, respectively, p = 0.001) and a large fraction (p = 0.001) of patients had their SMI levels normalized in the UC-P group compared with UC-NP group. The extracellular water to total body water ratio (ECW/TBW) also had significantly different mean values (p = 0.022), favoring the UC-P group. By testing the differences between the average values of body composition parameters before and after treatment, we obtained significant results in body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.046), fat free mass (FFM) (p < 0.001), and ECW/TBW ratio (p = 0.048). The SIBDQ total score increased significantly (p < 0.001) in the UC-P group and was more strongly associated with changes in body parameters. Supplementation with probiotics associated with L-glutamine and biotin can improve body composition parameters, which in turn implies an increase in the overall quality of life of patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Maria Pavel
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.P.); (A.-F.R.); (C.M.V.)
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oradea, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.P.); (A.-F.R.); (C.M.V.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.P.); (A.-F.R.); (C.M.V.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Timea Claudia Ghitea
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
| | | | - Andrei-Flavius Radu
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.P.); (A.-F.R.); (C.M.V.)
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oradea, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Radu Dumitru Moleriu
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, West University of Timisoara, 300223 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Tiberia Ilias
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Cristian Bustea
- Department of Surgery, Oradea County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 410169 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.P.); (A.-F.R.); (C.M.V.)
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oradea, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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Zhou R, Chen H, Lin Y, Li F, Zhong Q, Huang Y, Wu X. Total and Regional Fat/Muscle Mass Ratio and Risks of Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030101. [PMID: 37642038 PMCID: PMC10547339 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background To evaluate the sex-specific associations of total and regional fat/muscle mass ratio (FMR) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality, and to explore the underlying mechanisms driven by cardiometabolites and inflammatory cells. We compared the predictive value of FMRs to body mass index. Methods and Results This population-based, prospective cohort study included 468 885 UK Biobank participants free of CVD at baseline. Fat mass and muscle mass were estimated using a bioelectrical impedance assessment device. FMR was calculated as fat mass divided by muscle mass in corresponding body parts (total body, trunk, arm, and leg). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and mediation analyses were used. During 12.5 years of follow-up, we documented 49 936 CVD cases and 4158 CVD deaths. Higher total FMR was associated with an increased risk of incident CVD (hazard ratios [HRs] were 1.63 and 1.83 for men and women, respectively), ischemic heart disease (men: HR, 1.61; women: HR, 1.81), myocardial infarction (men: HR, 1.72; women: HR, 1.49), and congestive heart failure (men: HR, 2.25; women: HR, 2.57). The positive associations of FMRs with mortality from total CVD or its subtypes were significant mainly in trunk and arm for male patients (P for trend <0.05). We also identified 8 cardiometabolites and 5 inflammatory cells that partially mediated FMR-CVD associations. FMRs were modestly better at discriminating cardiovascular mortality risk. Conclusions Higher total and regional FMRs were associated with an increased risk of CVD and mortality, partly mediated through cardiometabolites and inflammatory cells. Early monitoring of FMR should be considered to alleviate CVD risk. FMRs were superior to body mass index in predicting CVD mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hao‐Wen Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yang Lin
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chaoyang District of BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Fu‐Rong Li
- School of MedicineSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yi‐Ning Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xian‐Bo Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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5
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Kim J, Kang S, Kang H. Normal-Weight Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2303. [PMID: 37628501 PMCID: PMC10454074 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11162303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The disadvantage of using body mass index (BMI) as an obesity diagnostic tool is that it cannot distinguish between fat mass and lean mass, which may understate the impact of obesity on metabolic complications. This population-based cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between normal-weight obesity (NWO) and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults aged 20 years (5962 males and 6558 females) who took part in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2008 to 2011. METHODS NWO was defined as having a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 and a body fat percentage of 26.0% in males or 36.0% in females. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined using the revised National Cholesterol Education Program definition, with a Korean-specific waist circumference threshold of >90 cm for males and >85 cm for females. RESULTS NWO males and females were 2.7 times (p < 0.001) and 1.9 times (p < 0.001) more likely to develop metabolic syndrome than normal-weight non-obese males and females, respectively. Additionally, NWO females were 1.3 times (p = 0.027) more likely to develop MetS even after adjustments for all measured covariates. CONCLUSIONS The current findings of the study show that NWO is a proxy biomarker of MetS to be considered for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyunsik Kang
- College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (S.K.)
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6
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Manzano-Carrasco S, Garcia-Unanue J, Haapala EA, Felipe JL, Gallardo L, Lopez-Fernandez J. Relationships of BMI, muscle-to-fat ratio, and handgrip strength-to-BMI ratio to physical fitness in Spanish children and adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:2345-2357. [PMID: 36881145 PMCID: PMC9989582 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the relationship of body mass index (BMI), muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR), and handgrip strength-to-BMI ratio to physical fitness parameters in an active young population according to sex across four different time points. A total of 2256 Spanish children and adolescents (aged 5-18) from rural areas participating in an extracurricular sport in different municipal sports schools participated in this study. Participants were divided into children (5-10 years) and adolescents (11-18 years), boys and girls, and across four different time points (2018, 2019, 2020, 2021). Data on anthropometric measures (BMI, MFR, appendicular skeletal muscle mass) and physical fitness (handgrip strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and vertical jump) were collected. Boys who were overweight, but especially boys with obesity, had higher absolute handgrip strength in children and adolescents than their normal weight counterparts in 2020 and 2021. Boys and girls with normal weight presented higher cardiorespiratory fitness and vertical jump than their overweight and obese peers over the years. The MFR was directly correlated with the cardiorespiratory fitness and vertical jump variables, but not with handgrip strength, in boys and girls. The handgrip strength-to-BMI ratio in both sexes was positively correlated to the different physical fitness parameters. Conclusion: BMI, MFR, and handgrip strength-to-BMI can be used as health and physical fitness indicators in this population. What is Known: • BMI is the main indicator commonly used as a proxy for obesity for many years. Nevertheless, it cannot differentiate between fat mass and fat-free mass. • There are other indicators such as MFR and handgrip strength-to-BMI that might be more accurate and can serve to monitor the health and fitness of children and adolescents. What is New: • MFR showed a positive and significant correlation with cardiorespiratory fitness and vertical jump in both sexes. On the other hand, the handgrip strength-to-BMI presented a positive correlation with cardiorespiratory fitness, vertical jump, and handgrip strength. • The use of these indicators obtained through different parameters of body composition and physical fitness can serve as a tool to identify the relationships of the paediatric population with physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Manzano-Carrasco
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jorge Garcia-Unanue
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
| | - Eero A Haapala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jose Luis Felipe
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Leonor Gallardo
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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Popiolek-Kalisz J, Blaszczak P. Nutritional Status of Coronary Artery Disease Patients-Preliminary Results. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3464. [PMID: 36834160 PMCID: PMC9962098 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malnutrition is a condition that negatively impacts the clinical outcomes of numerous diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and to investigate its relationship with the main clinical aspects of CAD. MATERIAL AND METHODS 50 CAD patients undergoing coronary angiography were enrolled in this study. The nutritional status assessment was based on Nutritional Risk Score 2002 (NRS 2002), body mass index (BMI), and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurements. RESULTS The analysis showed a moderate inverse correlation between NRS 2002 and BIA phase angle measured at 50 kHz (R: -0.31; p = 0.03) and Z200/5 parameter (R: 0.34; p = 0.02). The analysis of CAD clinical parameters showed a significant correlation between NRS 2002 and Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class (R: 0.37; p = 0.01). Left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) was correlated with BMI (R: 0.38; p = 0.02), however further BIA revealed hydration changes as LVEF was correlated to intracellular (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) proportion: positively with ICF (R: 0.38; p = 0.02) and negatively with ECF (R: -0.39; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS NRS 2002 and BIA are valuable tools for nutritional status assessment in CAD patients. Malnutrition is related to the severity of CAD symptoms, particularly in women. Maintaining proper nutritional status can have a potentially important role in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Popiolek-Kalisz
- Clinical Dietetics Unit, Department of Bioanalytics, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodzki 7, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Cardiology, Cardinal Wyszynski Hospital in Lublin, al. Krasnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Blaszczak
- Department of Cardiology, Cardinal Wyszynski Hospital in Lublin, al. Krasnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
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Yu B, Sun Y, Du X, Zhang H, Chen C, Tan X, Yang Z, Lu Y, Wang N. Age-specific and sex-specific associations of visceral adipose tissue mass and fat-to-muscle mass ratio with risk of mortality. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:406-417. [PMID: 36447372 PMCID: PMC9891960 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited studies have explored the association between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass and fat-to-muscle mass ratio (FMR) and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the sex-specific association of VAT and FMR with all-cause and cause-specific mortality by age. METHODS A total of 438 896 participants (49.8% men, mean age ± standard deviation: 57 ± 8 years for men; 56 ± 8 years for women) were included from the UK Biobank cohort. The nature of VAT was predictive, as obtained by sex-stratified, non-linear prediction models. Fat and muscle mass were estimated using a bioelectrical impedance assessment device. FMR was calculated as the fat mass divided by the muscle mass in the whole body. VAT and FMRs were divided into quintiles in ascending order, and the 3rd quintile was used as the reference. Cox regression analyses were used to estimate the associations between VAT, FMR and mortality. RESULTS During a median of 12.4 years of follow-up, we documented 29 903 deaths. After adjusting for various covariates, the individuals in the highest quintiles of VAT and FMR had the highest hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause mortality [1.24 (95% confidence interval: 1.17-1.33) for VAT and 1.24 (1.17-1.31) for FMR in men; and 1.11 (1.03-1.21) for VAT in women], except that the 1st quintile of FMR in women had the greatest HR [1.18 (1.09-1.27)]. Significant interactions were observed in both sexes according to age category (P for interaction < 0.05). Among men <50 years, participants in the 1st and 5th quintiles of VAT and FMR had significantly higher risks of mortality [1.30 (1.02-1.66) and 1.67 (1.27-2.19) in VAT; 1.25 (0.99-1.56) and 1.41 (1.11-1.79) in FMR, respectively]; in women, this phenomenon was observed in the ≥60 age group [1.16 (1.06-1.27) and 1.19 (1.08-1.31) in VAT; 1.18 (1.08-1.29) and 1.11 (1.01-1.22) in FMR, respectively]. VAT showed a linear positive association with mortality in women <60 years and a J-shaped association from respiratory disease in both sexes ≥60 years. FMR showed a linear positive association with mortality from cancer in men <60 years and a J-shaped association with mortality from cause-specific mortality in both sexes ≥60 years, except for mortality from cardiovascular disease in men. CONCLUSIONS Most associations of VAT and FMR with all-cause mortality were J-shaped and were significantly modified by age status (<50, 50-59 and ≥60 years). The clinical implication is that regarding body composition and VAT mass, different health strategies may be adopted for people of different sexes and ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Yu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Du
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyi Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yan F, Nie G, Zhou N, Zhang M, Peng W. Combining Fat-to-Muscle Ratio and Alanine Aminotransferase/Aspartate Aminotransferase Ratio in the Prediction of Cardiometabolic Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:795-806. [PMID: 36945296 PMCID: PMC10024880 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s401024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Altered body composition and liver enzymes are known to be related to cardiometabolic risk. Our study aimed to evaluate the association between fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR), alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) ratio and cardiometabolic risk. METHODS In total, 1557 participants aged ≥40 years were included. A bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA) was used to measure fat mass and muscle mass. We created a cardiometabolic risk score with one point for each cardiometabolic risk factor, including elevated triglycerides (TGs), decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), elevated blood pressure (BP), and abnormal blood glucose, yielding a score of 0-4 for each participant (≥2 for high-risk and <2 for low-risk). Logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the relationship between FMR, ALT/AST ratio and cardiometabolic risk. RESULTS FMR and ALT/AST ratio were significantly higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group (P<0.001). FMR and ALT/AST ratio were both positively correlated with a higher cardiometabolic risk score and the presence of each cardiometabolic risk factor. In subgroup analyses categorized according to FMR and ALT/AST ratio cutoffs, the high-FMR/high-ALT/AST group had the highest cardiometabolic risk (OR=8.51; 95% CI 4.46-16.25 in women and OR=5.09; 95% CI 3.39-7.65 in men) after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSION FMR and ALT/AST ratio were positively associated with cardiometabolic risk. Combining these two indicators improved the prediction of cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Yan
- Department of General Practice, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guqiao Nie
- Department of General Practice, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nianli Zhou
- Department of General Practice, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of General Practice, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Peng
- Department of General Practice, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Wen Peng, Department of General Practice, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Jianghan District, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13986074846, Email
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Zhang JX, Li W, Tao XJ, Chen C, Wang QA, Liu WL, Yang C, Wang KR, Qiu JW, Zhao Y, Zhang YH. Fat-to-muscle ratio as a predictor for dyslipidaemia in transitional-age youth. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:88. [PMID: 36123675 PMCID: PMC9487042 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although dyslipidaemia may have a crucial impact on cardiovascular health in adults, there is a lack of specific data in transitional-age youth. Therefore, this study attempted to evaluate the association of dyslipidaemia with fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR), and establish FMR thresholds for diagnosing dyslipidaemia in transitional-age youth. Methods One thousand six hundred sixty individuals aged 16 to 24 years from the baseline of a subcohort in the Northwest China Natural Population Cohort: Ningxia Project were analysed. Anthropometric characteristics were gauged by a bioelectrical impedance analyser, and dyslipidaemia components were measured using a Beckman AU480 chemistry analyser. Additionally, this study used logistic regression to estimate the risk of dyslipidaemia based on FMR quintiles, and calculate the gender-specific ideal cut-off values of dyslipidaemia and its components by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Of the 1660 participants, aged 19.06 ± 1.14 years, 558 males and 1102 females. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 13.4% and was significantly associated with FMR quintiles among all participants (P < 0.05). The ideal values of FMR in diagnosing dyslipidaemia were 0.2224 for males and 0.4809 for females, while males had a higher AUC than females (0.7118 vs. 0.6656). Meanwhile, high FMR values were significantly associated with adverse outcomes of dyslipidaemia, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridaemia (P < 0.05). Conclusions The FMR was positively correlated with the prevalence of dyslipidaemia. The FMR can be used as an effective body composition index for diagnosing dyslipidaemia, especially in males, and preventive strategies should be initiated in transitional-age youth to decrease obesity-related dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xing Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Juan Tao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-An Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Lu Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Yang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Rong Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Wei Qiu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Hong Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Rahmani M, Ardalan A, Ghaderi-Zefrehei M, Jeddi M, Heydari ST, Dabbaghmanesh MH. Probabilistic prediction of segmental body composition in Iranian children and adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:524. [PMID: 36057547 PMCID: PMC9440596 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescents' body composition is considered an important measure to evaluate health status. An examination of any of the segmental compartments by anthropometric indices is a more usable method than direct methods. Objectives To propose a method based on the network approach for predicting segmental body composition components in adolescent boys and girls using anthropometric measurements. Methods A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) dataset in the south of Iran, including 476 adolescents (235 girls and 241 boys) with a range of 9–18 years, was obtained. Several anthropometric prediction models based on the network approach were fitted to the training dataset (TRD 80%) using bnlearn, an R add-in package. The best fitted models were applied to the validation dataset (VAD 20%) to assess the prediction accuracy. Results Present equations consisting of age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and hip circumference accounted for 0.85 (P < 0.001) of the variability of DXA values in the corresponding age groups of boys. Similarly, reasonable estimates of DXA values could be obtained from age, weight, height, and BMI in girls over 13 years, and from age, weight, height, BMI, and waist circumference in girls under 13 years, respectively, of 0.77 and 0.83 (P < 0.001). Correlations between robust Gaussian Bayesian network (RGBN) predictions and DXA measurements were highly significant, averaging 0.87 for boys and 0.82 for girls (P < 0.001). Conclusions The results revealed that, based on the present study’s predictive models, adolescents' body composition might be estimated by input anthropometric information. Given the flexibility and modeling of the present method to test different motivated hypotheses, its application to body compositional data is highly appealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Rahmani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arash Ardalan
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Marjan Jeddi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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12
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Zhao S, Tang J, Zhao Y, Xu C, Xu Y, Yu S, Zhang Y. The impact of body composition and fat distribution on blood pressure in young and middle-aged adults. Front Nutr 2022; 9:979042. [PMID: 36118739 PMCID: PMC9478411 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.979042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relative contributions of each component of body composition to blood pressure (BP) remain unclear. Objective We aimed to comprehensively investigate the impact of body composition and fat distribution on BP and quantify their relative contributions to BP in a large cohort with young and middle-aged adults. Methods 14,412 participants with available data on whole-body DXA measurement from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. Multiple stepwise linear regressions of BP on components of body composition and fat distribution were built. Then, relative importance analysis was performed to quantify the contributions of each component to BP. Results The median age of participants was 36 years and there were 50.7% women. Linear regression with mutual adjustment showed that total fat mass, total muscle mass, and trunk fat mass significantly and positively associated with BP; however, arm and leg fat mass significantly and negatively associated with BP. In men, after further adjusted for potential covariates, SBP were significantly determined by trunk fat mass (β = 0.33, P < 0.001), leg fat mass (β = − 0.12, P < 0.001), and total muscle mass (β = 0.10, P < 0.001); and DBP were significantly determined by trunk fat mass (β = 0.52, P < 0.001), leg fat mass (β = −0.15, P < 0.001), arm fat mass (β = −0.23, P < 0.001), and total muscle mass (β = 0.06, P < 0.001). Similar results were observed in women. Relative importance analysis showed that trunk fat mass was the major contributor (38–61%) to both SBP and DBP; meanwhile, total muscle mass also made relatively great contribution (35–43%) to SBP. Conclusion Both fat mass and muscle mass independently associated with and substantially contributed to SBP in both men and women. After full adjustment, trunk fat mass positively associated with both SBP and DBP, and was the most dominant contributor to BP; however, leg fat mass negatively associated with both SBP and DBP.
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13
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Rugila DF, Oliveira JM, Machado FVC, Correia NS, Puzzi VC, Passos NFP, Freitas PD, Pitta F, Carvalho CRF, Furlanetto KC. Fat mass to fat-free mass ratio and its associations with clinical characteristics in asthma. Heart Lung 2022; 56:154-160. [PMID: 35908350 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fat mass to fat-free mass ratio (FM/FFM) assesses the combined effect of the balance between fat mass and fat-free mass. AIMS to evaluate the associations beetween FM/FFM and clinical outcomes in asthma and to compare clinical characteristics between individuals with higher and lower FM/FFM. METHODS 128 participants with asthma underwent anthropometric, spirometry and bioelectrical impedance assessments. Physical activity in daily life (PADL) was assessed by the Actigraph for 7 days. Daily dose of inhaled medication, steps of pharmacological treatment, Asthma Control Questionnaire, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were also assessed. Participants were classified into two groups according to the 50th percentile of reference values for FM/FFM. RESULTS Individuals with higher FM/FFM (n=75) used higher daily doses of inhaled corticosteroids, had worse lung function and fewer steps/day when compared to those with lower FM/FFM (n=53) (P≤0.021). Associations were found between absolute values of FM/FFM with lung function (FEV1 and FVC [liters]): R2=0.207 and 0.364;P<0.0001), and between the categories of lower or higher FM/FFM with steps of medication treatment (Cramer's V=0.218;P=0.016) and level of PADL (Cramer's V=0.236;P=0.009). The highest FM/FFM was a determining factor of physical inactivity (OR: 3.21;95%CI:1.17-8.78) and highest steps of pharmacological treatment (OR: 8.89;95%CI:1.23-64.08). CONCLUSION Higher FM/FFM is significantly associated with worse clinical characteristics in individuals with asthma, such as higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids, worse lung function and fewer steps/day. Moreover, higher FM/FFM is a determining factor of physical inactivity and the highest steps of pharmacological treatment for asthma.
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Key Words
- ACQ, Asthma Control Questionnaire
- AQLQ, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire
- Asthma
- BMI, Body mass index
- Body composition
- Drug therapy
- FEV(1), Forced expiratory volume in the first second
- FEV(1)/FVC, Forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity ratio
- FFM, Fat-free mass
- FM, Fat mass
- FM/FFM, Fat mass to fat-free mass ratio
- FVC, Forced vital capacity
- GINA, Global Initiative for Asthma
- HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
- Motor activity
- PADL, Physical Activity in Daily Life
- Respiratory function tests
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Affiliation(s)
- Diery Fernandes Rugila
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Pitágoras-Unopar University (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Joice Mara Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Pitágoras-Unopar University (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Felipe Vilaça Cavallari Machado
- Department of Physical Therapy, Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Research and Development, CIRO+, Horn, The Netherlands; NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Natielly Soares Correia
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Pitágoras-Unopar University (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vitória Cavalheiro Puzzi
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Pitágoras-Unopar University (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Duarte Freitas
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Pitta
- Department of Physical Therapy, Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Karina Couto Furlanetto
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Pitágoras-Unopar University (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Effects of Crawling before Walking: Network Interactions and Longitudinal Associations in 7-Year-Old Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095561. [PMID: 35564955 PMCID: PMC9100207 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the impact of crawling before walking (CBW) on network interactions among body composition, the cardiovascular system, lung function, motor competence and physical fitness, at age 7, and to assess the longitudinal association between CBW and body composition, the cardiovascular system, lung function, motor competence, physical fitness and physical activity parameters, at age 7. METHOD CBW, body composition, cardiovascular system, lung function, motor competence, physical fitness and physical activity were assessed in seventy-seven healthy Caucasian children. RESULTS Network analyses revealed that the crawling group had a greater number of links among all the studied variables compared with the non-crawling group. In the longitudinal study, using multiple regression analyses, crawling was independently associated with fat mass (%), fat-to-muscle ratio and systolic blood pressure, with models explaining up to 56.3%, 56.7% and 29.9% of their variance, respectively. CONCLUSIONS CBW during child's development is a possible modulator in the network interactions between body systems and it could influence future metabolic and cardiovascular health.
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Wang N, Sun Y, Zhang H, Chen C, Wang Y, Zhang J, Xia F, Benedict C, Tan X, Lu Y. Total and regional fat-to-muscle mass ratio measured by bioelectrical impedance and risk of incident type 2 diabetes. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:2154-2162. [PMID: 34595832 PMCID: PMC8718017 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fat-to-muscle mass ratio (FMR) might be an indicator to assess type 2 diabetes risk independent of general obesity. However, no longitudinal studies have explored the extent to which total and regional FMRs may confer risks. We aimed to measure the sex-specific associations between FMRs of the arm, leg, trunk and whole body and incident type 2 diabetes. METHODS A total of 464 817 participants (207 286 men and 257 531 women, mean age 56.5 ± 8.2 and 56.2 ± 8.0 years old, respectively) free of diabetes at baseline were included in this prospective cohort study with UK Biobank data. Fat mass and muscle mass were estimated using a bioelectrical impedance assessment device (Tanita BC 418MA). FMR was calculated as fat mass divided by muscle mass in corresponding body parts (total body, arm, leg and trunk). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the aforementioned associations among men and women. Interaction analyses were performed between FMRs and body mass index (BMI) categories (BMI < 25 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 ). RESULTS Over the median 11.0 years (5 057 534 person-years) of follow-up, we documented 11 618 cases of type 2 diabetes. There was a significantly positive association between total and regional FMR and incident type 2 diabetes, even after adjusting for BMI and other covariates. Compared with other body parts, FMRs of the whole body and leg showed the strongest relationship among men and women, respectively (hazard ratio per 1 SD, 95% confidence interval: 1.67, 1.55-1.80; 1.45, 1.39-1.53). A significant interaction (P for interaction < 0.001) between BMI category and FMRs of different body parts was observed. In the stratified analysis by BMI category and tertiles of FMRs, overweight/obese individuals with a high FMR tertile tended to have the highest hazard ratio, ranging from 5.91 to 7.94 in whole body and regional areas. CONCLUSIONS In this large prospective study, higher total and regional FMRs were associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, independent of BMI. This association was markedly strengthened in participants with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihui Zhang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Insufficient Physical Fitness and Deficits in Basic Eating Habits in Normal-Weight Obese Children Are Apparent from Pre-School Age or Sooner. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103464. [PMID: 34684465 PMCID: PMC8538680 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal-weight obesity appears to be an extended diagnosis/syndrome associated with insufficient physical fitness levels and inadequate eating habits at least from school years. However, its relation to long term health parameters in pre-school children remains unknown, even though pre-school age is crucial for the determining healthy lifelong habits. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the differences in physical fitness level and basic eating habits between normal-weight obese, normal-weight non-obese, and overweight and obese preschoolers. The research sample consisted of 188 preschoolers aged 4.0–6.9 years (Mage = 5.52 ± 0.8 year), normal-weight obese = 25; normal-weight non-obese = 143, overweight and obese = 20. Body composition was measured using bio-impedance InBody230. Six tests assessed the physical fitness level: sit-ups; standing long jump; shuttle running 4 × 5 meters; throwing with a tennis ball; multistage fitness tests; sit and reach. A four-item eating habits questionnaire for parents focusing on breakfast regularity, consumption of sweet foods and drinks, selection of food and attitude towards eating was used. A non-parametric analysis of variance and Fisher’s exact test along with suitable effect sizes were used for data processing of physical fitness tests and the basic eating habits questionnaire, respectively. Normal-weight obese children performed significantly worse (from p = 0.03 to p < 0.001, ES ω2-G = low to medium) in muscular fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness and running agility compared to normal-weight non-obese counterparts and did not significantly differ in the majority of physical fitness performance tests from overweight and obese peers. In basic eating habits, normal-weight obese boys preferred significantly more sweet foods and drinks (p = 0.003 ES = 0.35, large), while normal-weight obese girls had significantly more negative attitude towards eating (p = 0.002 ES = 0.33, large) in comparison to their normal-weight non-obese peers. Normal-weight obesity seems to develop from early childhood and is associated with low physical fitness and deficits in eating habits which might inhibit the natural necessity for physically active life from pre-school age or sooner.
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Fat-to-Muscle Ratios and the Non-Achievement of LDL Cholesterol Targets: Analysis of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8080096. [PMID: 34436238 PMCID: PMC8396939 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8080096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining optimal low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels is necessary to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). Excessive fat mass and decreased muscle mass are both associated with increased risks of developing dyslipidemia. Thus, we investigated the longitudinal relationship between the fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) and the non-achievement of LDL cholesterol targets. We analyzed a total of 4386 participants aged 40–69 years from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. FMR was defined as the ratio of total fat mass to total muscle mass, measured by bioelectrical impedance. The non-achievement of an LDL cholesterol target was defined as an LDL cholesterol level higher than the established target level according to individual CVD risk. The adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval for the incidence of non-achievement of LDL cholesterol targets for the sex-specific middle and highest tertiles vs. the referent lowest tertile of FMR were 1.56 (1.29–1.90) and 1.86 (1.47–2.31) in men and 1.40 (1.18–1.66) and 1.31 (1.06–1.62) in women after adjusting confounders. Our findings suggest that FMR, a novel indicator of the combined effects of fat and muscle mass, is useful for predicting non-achievement of LDL cholesterol targets.
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Kurinami N, Sugiyama S, Yoshida A, Hieshima K, Miyamoto F, Kajiwara K, Jinnouch K, Jinnouchi T, Nomura M, Jinnouchi H. Body Muscle-to-Fat Ratio, Rather Than Fat-to-Muscle Ratio, Significantly Correlates With Measured Insulin Resistance in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med Res 2021; 13:387-391. [PMID: 34394781 PMCID: PMC8336940 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance (IR) assessment is important in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We thus compared body muscle-to-fat ratio (BMFR) and fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) values against M/I values as clinical index of IR. Methods Subject included 118 untreated T2DM patients. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp examination was performed to calculate the M/I as index of IR. Body composition was measured by impedance analysis using InBody770. Results Simple linear regression analyses confirmed correlations between M/I and BMFR (B: 0.756 (P < 0.01), coefficients of determination (R2): 0.572, mean absolute error (MAE): 3.19, and root mean squared error (RMSE): 4.14), and between M/I and FMR (B: -0.601 (P < 0.01), R2: 0.362, MAE: 3.97, and RMSE: 5.05). Against the M/I values, BMFR also showed better goodness-of-fit than did FMR. In comparing correlation coefficients, the BMFR absolute B value was significantly larger than that of FMR (P = 0.027). Conclusions BMFR is more useful than FMR in quantifying IR in patients with T2DM because the correlation between BMFR and the insulin sensitivity index M/I is significantly greater than that between FMR and M/I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Kurinami
- Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.,Noboru Kurinami and Seigo Sugiyama contributed equally to the present study
| | - Seigo Sugiyama
- Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.,Noboru Kurinami and Seigo Sugiyama contributed equally to the present study
| | - Akira Yoshida
- Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kunio Hieshima
- Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Fumio Miyamoto
- Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keizo Kajiwara
- Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Masatoshi Nomura
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hideaki Jinnouchi
- Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.,Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
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Dai H, Xiang J, Hou Y, Xuan L, Wang T, Li M, Zhao Z, Xu Y, Lu J, Chen Y, Wang W, Ning G, Bi Y, Xu M. Fat mass to fat-free mass ratio and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and fibrosis in non-obese and obese individuals. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:21. [PMID: 33608033 PMCID: PMC7893940 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00551-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Body composition may explain partially why non-obese individuals still at the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The ratio of fat mass to fat-free mass (FM/FFM) has been proposed to assess the combined effect of different body compositions. Objective We aimed to investigate the associations of FM/FFM ratio with the risk of developing NAFLD and fibrosis and to identify the potential mediators according to obesity status. Methods This cohort study comprised 3419 adults age ≥ 40 years and free of NAFLD at baseline. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. NAFLD was ascertained by ultrasonography and fibrosis was assessed by non-invasive score systems. Results For each 1 standard deviation increment in FM/FFM ratio, the odds ratio for the risk of NAFLD was 1.55 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–1.95) in non-obese men, 1.33 (95% CI 1.08–1.65) in obese men, 1.42 (95% CI 1.44–1.67) in non-obese women, and 1.29 (95% CI 1.12–1.50) in obese women. Similar associations were also found between FM/FFM ratio and NAFLD with fibrosis. Mediation analysis showed that insulin resistance, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, white blood cells, and total cholesterol mediated the association of FM/FFM ratio with NAFLD risk in specific sex and obesity subgroups. Conclusions The FM/FFM ratio significantly associated with the NAFLD and fibrosis risk in both non-obese and obese individuals. Different factors may mediate the association between body composition and NAFLD risk according to different obesity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Dai
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Xiang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Hou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Xuan
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieli Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Merchant RA, Seetharaman S, Au L, Wong MWK, Wong BLL, Tan LF, Chen MZ, Ng SE, Soong JTY, Hui RJY, Kwek SC, Morley JE. Relationship of Fat Mass Index and Fat Free Mass Index With Body Mass Index and Association With Function, Cognition and Sarcopenia in Pre-Frail Older Adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:765415. [PMID: 35002957 PMCID: PMC8741276 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.765415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI) is an inadequate marker of obesity, and cannot distinguish between fat mass, fat free mass and distribution of adipose tissue. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, to assess cross-sectional relationship of BMI with fat mass index (FMI), fat free mass index (FFMI) and ratio of fat mass to fat free mass (FM/FFM). Second, to study the association of FMI, FFMI and FM/FFM with physical function including sarcopenia, and cognition in pre-frail older adults. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 191 pre-frail participants ≥ 65 years, 57.1% females. Data was collected on demographics, cognition [Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)], function, frailty, calf circumference, handgrip strength (HGS), short physical performance battery (SPPB) and gait speed. Body composition was measured using InBody S10. FMI, FFMI and FM/FFM were classified into tertiles (T1, T2, T3) with T1 classified as lowest and T3 highest tertile respectively and stratified by BMI. RESULTS Higher FFMI and lower FM/FFM in the high BMI group were associated with better functional outcomes. Prevalence of low muscle mass was higher in the normal BMI group. FMI and FM/FFM were significantly higher in females and FFMI in males with significant gender differences except for FFMI in ≥ 80 years old. Small calf circumference was significantly less prevalent in the highest tertile of FMI, FM/FMI and FFMI. Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity and low physical function (HGS, gait speed and SPPB scores) were significantly higher in the highest FMI and FM/FFM tertile. Highest FFMI tertile group had higher physical function, higher MoCA scores, lower prevalence of sarcopenic obesity and sarcopenia, After adjustment, highest tertile of FFMI was associated with lower odds of sarcopenia especially in the high BMI group. Highest tertile of FM/FFM was associated with higher odds of sarcopenia. Higher BMI was associated with lower odds of sarcopenia. CONCLUSION FFMI and FM/FFM may be a better predictor of functional outcomes in pre-frail older adults than BMI. Cut-off values for healthy BMI values and role of calf circumference as a screening tool for sarcopenia need to be validated in larger population. Health promotion intervention should focus on FFMI increment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Aziz Merchant
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Reshma Aziz Merchant, orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-018
| | - Santhosh Seetharaman
- Healthy Ageing Programme, Alexandra Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lydia Au
- Department of Geriatrics Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Wai Kit Wong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Beatrix Ling Ling Wong
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Feng Tan
- Healthy Ageing Programme, Alexandra Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew Zhixuan Chen
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shu Ee Ng
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Tshon Yit Soong
- Division of Advanced Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard Jor Yeong Hui
- National University Polyclinics, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sing Cheer Kwek
- National University Polyclinics, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John E. Morley
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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21
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Eun Y, Lee SN, Song SW, Kim HN, Kim SH, Lee YA, Kang SG, Rho JS, Yoo KD. Fat-to-muscle Ratio: A New Indicator for Coronary Artery Disease in Healthy Adults. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3738-3743. [PMID: 34790047 PMCID: PMC8579285 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.62871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an important issue in public health. Previous studies have shown that the ratio of fat to muscle mass is a significant predictor of metabolic disease, and it is known to be associated with atherosclerosis. In this study, we evaluated the association between the fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) and CAD in healthy adults. Methods: A total of 617 participants without diabetes mellitus, hypertension, known CAD, or stroke who visited the Health Promotion Center from 2009 to 2018 were included in this study. Computed tomography imaging and bioelectrical impedance analysis were used to ascertain the coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, degree of CAD, and FMR. Results: Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that old age, male sex, smoking history, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, uric acid, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly associated with CAC. After adjusting for potential confounding covariates, the presence of CAC was independently associated with FMR (OR, 1.014; 95% CI, 1.002-1.026; p = 0.019. The association was maintained even after adjusting for body mass index and waist circumference (odds ratio, 1.019; 95% confidence interval, 1.004 -1.034; P = 0.012). Conclusion: In this study, a high FMR was significantly associated with CAC. A large-scale prospective study on the association with FMR and cardiovascular diseases is necessary to confirm this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmi Eun
- Department of Family Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Nam Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Song
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Na Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hong Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ah Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Goo Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seung Rho
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Dong Yoo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
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22
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Miroshnikov AB, Sergeeva KV, Formenov AD, Smolensky AV. [The role of interval training in the physical rehabilitation of strength sports athletes with hypertension: a randomized controlled study]. VOPROSY KURORTOLOGII, FIZIOTERAPII, I LECHEBNOĬ FIZICHESKOĬ KULTURY 2020; 97:5-10. [PMID: 33307657 DOI: 10.17116/kurort2020970615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval aerobic work on blood pressure and body composition in strength sports athletes of heavy weight categories. MATERIAL AND METHODS The examination and physical rehabilitation of 55 strength sports athletes of heavy weight categories with arterial hypertension were performed. Athletes were randomized into two groups: the main group (n=35) and the control group (n=20). The main group athletes trained 120 days (3 times a week) on a bicycle ergometer according to the high-intensity interval protocol, and the control group participants trained 120 days (3 times a week) according to their traditional strenght protocol. All athletes underwent a complex examination, including: a survey, examination, three-time measurement of blood pressure, bioelectrical impedance analysis and calculations of body composition indices, Before and after the physical rehabilitation. RESULTS After 120 days of physical rehabilitation, there was an improvement in body composition and a significant decrease in blood pressure: systolic blood pressure by 4.7%, diastolic blood pressure by 5.6%. CONCLUSIONS High-intensity aerobic interval work, regardless of the athlete's body composition, has a therapeutic and prophylactic effect on the cardiovascular system. The aerobic workout training protocol taking into account metabolic variables, that we developed, will allow athletes to effectively and safely influence the prevention and treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Miroshnikov
- Russian state university of physical education, sport, youth and tourism, Moscow, Russia
| | - K V Sergeeva
- Russian state university of physical education, sport, youth and tourism, Moscow, Russia
| | - A D Formenov
- Russian state university of physical education, sport, youth and tourism, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Smolensky
- Russian state university of physical education, sport, youth and tourism, Moscow, Russia
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23
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Chaplow ZL, Focht BC, Lucas AR, Grainger E, Simpson C, Buell J, Fairman CM, Thomas‐Ahner JM, Bowman J, DeScenza VR, Monk JP, Mortazavi A, Clinton SK. Effects of a lifestyle intervention on body composition in prostate cancer patients on androgen deprivation therapy. JCSM CLINICAL REPORTS 2020; 5:52-60. [PMID: 36051892 PMCID: PMC9432850 DOI: 10.1002/crt2.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise and dietary (EX+D) interventions could represent an optimal treatment for attenuating or reversing adverse effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. The Individualized Diet and Exercise Adherence-Pilot (IDEA-P) trial compared the effects of an EX+D intervention relative to standard-of-care (SC) treatment among PCa patients undergoing ADT. The present study evaluated the effects of the EX+D intervention on body composition (BC) obtained via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a subsample of IDEA-P patients. A secondary objective was to explore the association of adiposity and lean mass with mobility performance and strength. Methods Complete DXA data were acquired from a subsample of 22 PCa patients (EX+D: n = 13; SC: n = 9) at baseline and 3 month follow-up. Intention-to-treat analysis included data from 30 participants (M age = 66.28; SD = 7.79) with baseline DXA assessments. Results Intention-to-treat analysis revealed EX+D resulted in significant improvements in fat mass (P = 0.022), per cent fat mass (P = 0.028), trunk fat mass (P = 0.017), fat mass/lean mass (P = 0.040), and per cent lean mass (P = 0.026) vs. SC. EX+D also resulted in more favourable changes in appendicular lean mass/body mass (d = 0.59). Select BC outcomes were also significantly correlated with mobility performance and strength (P < 0.05) at 3 month follow-up. Conclusions Findings suggest the EX+D intervention resulted in superior preservation of lean tissue and improvement in adiposity relative to SC treatment. Results underscore the utility of implementing EX+D interventions for preserving muscle mass and reducing adiposity in PCa patients undergoing ADT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary L. Chaplow
- Kinesiology, Department of Human Sciences The Ohio State University 305 Annie and John Glenn Ave Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Brian C. Focht
- Kinesiology, Department of Human Sciences The Ohio State University 305 Annie and John Glenn Ave Columbus OH 43210 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Alexander R. Lucas
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
| | - Elizabeth Grainger
- Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Christina Simpson
- Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Jackie Buell
- Medical Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Ciaran M. Fairman
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute Edith Cowan University Joondalup WA Australia
| | - Jennifer M. Thomas‐Ahner
- Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Jessica Bowman
- Kinesiology, Department of Human Sciences The Ohio State University 305 Annie and John Glenn Ave Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Victoria R. DeScenza
- Kinesiology, Department of Human Sciences The Ohio State University 305 Annie and John Glenn Ave Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - J. Paul Monk
- Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Amir Mortazavi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Steven K. Clinton
- Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
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