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Fathi AE, Shahwan M, Hassan N, Jairoun AA, Shahwan M. Prevalence of Anemia in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and correlation with Body Mass Index and Kidney function in Palestine. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:2293-2301. [PMID: 38859997 PMCID: PMC11164194 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s454916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to identify the set of anthropometric and biochemical factors that jointly influence the diabetic and anemic patients including body mass index and kidney function.. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional design study that was carried out in a private medical center in Palestine. The study included a total of 453 patients with type 2 diabetes. Inclusion criteria included all patients (18 years or older) suffering from type 2 Diabetes mellitus attended the diabetic clinic from the 1st of January 2018, till 30th of December 2018.. Results A total number of 453 diabetic patients were recruited in the study. Male constituted 48.5% (n=220) of the study sample and 51.4% (n=233) were female. Of total 453 diabetic patients, 38.4% (95% CI, 34%-43%) had anemia. The results of statistical modeling showed that female gender (AOR 18.5; 95% CI 9.35-21.97), presence of hypertension (AOR 2.11; 95% CI 1.98- 4.25), high BMI (AOR 1.101; 95% CI 1.045-1.159), high Serum Creatinine (AOR 1.72; 95% CI 1.22-2.13), high BUN level (AOR 1.22; 95% CI 1.145-1.301) and low e-GFR (AOR 0.571; 95% CI 0.271-0.872) are strong determents of anemia in type 2 diabetic patients.. Conclusion The results of the current study revealed a high prevalence of Anemia among type 2 diabetes Mellitus patients. A significant association was reported between Anemia, kidney functions and body mass index..
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Elsayed Fathi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nageeb Hassan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun
- Health and Safety Department, Dubai Municipality, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang, 11500, Malaysia
| | - Monzer Shahwan
- Diabetes Clinic, AL-Swity Center for Dermatology and Chronic Diseases, Ramallah, 972, Palestine
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Mostafapour E, Shahsavan M, Shahmiri SS, Jawhar N, Ghanem OM, Kermansaravi M. Prevention of malnutrition after one anastomosis gastric bypass: value of the common channel limb length. BMC Surg 2024; 24:156. [PMID: 38755612 PMCID: PMC11097460 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-024-02438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoalbuminemia and anemia are commonly observed indications for one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) reversal and remain significant concerns following the procedure. Sufficient common channel limb length (CCLL) is crucial to minimize nutritional complications. However, limited literature exists regarding the impact of CCLL on OAGB outcomes. This study aimed to assess the effect of CCLL on weight loss and nutritional status in patients who underwent OAGB. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted from August 2021 to July 2022, involving 64 patients with a body mass index of 40-50 kg/m2. The standardized length of the biliopancreatic limb (BPLL) for all patients in this study was set at 175 cm. Additionally, the measurement of the common channel limb length (CCLL) was performed consistently by the same surgeon for all included patients. RESULTS The mean age and BMI of the patients were 39.91 ± 10.03 years and 43.13 ± 2.43 kg/m2, respectively, at the time of surgery. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between CCLL and percent total weight loss (%TWL) at the 12-month mark after OAGB (P = 0.02). Hypoalbuminemia was observed in one patient (1.6%), while anemia was present in 17 patients (26.6%) at the one-year follow-up. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in the incidence of anemia and hypoalbuminemia between patients with CCLL < 4 m and those with CCLL ≥ 4 m. CONCLUSION A CCLL of 4 m does not appear to completely prevent nutritional complications following OAGB. However, maintaining a CCLL of at least 4 m may be associated with a reduced risk of postoperative nutritional deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyas Mostafapour
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Shahsavan
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab Shahabi Shahmiri
- Department of Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Hazrat-E Fatemeh Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Center of Excellence of European Branch of International Federation for Surgery of Obesity, Hazrat-E Rasool Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Noura Jawhar
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Omar M Ghanem
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Mohammad Kermansaravi
- Department of Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Hazrat-E Fatemeh Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Center of Excellence of European Branch of International Federation for Surgery of Obesity, Hazrat-E Rasool Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
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Boadu WIO, Owiredu WKBA, Donkoh ET, Boadu KO, Kwayie AA, Frimpong J, Anto EO, Obirikorang C, Korsah EE, Ansah E, Nyantakyi M, Opoku S, Senu E, Aboagye E. Association of body iron stores and anemia in a Ghanaian type-2 diabetes mellitus population: A multicentered cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2059. [PMID: 38725560 PMCID: PMC11079434 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Anemia has been a common comorbidity in most chronic diseases, but has not been well monitored in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of anemia and its nexus with iron stores among T2DM patients in health facilities in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Methods This multicenter cross-sectional study recruited 213 T2DM out-patients attending the diabetic clinics at the Kumasi South Hospital and St. Michaels Hospital, Jachie Pramso, Ghana, for routine check-ups. Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical data from study participants. Blood samples were collected to estimate hematological parameters and iron stores. Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess the difference in hematological parameters and iron stores between anemic and nonanemic patients. All p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Of the 213 T2DM participants, the prevalence of anemia was 31.9%. More females 145 (68.1%) were registered than males 68 (31.9%). Anemic patients had significantly lower levels of mean cell volume [79.30/fL vs. 82.60/fL, p = 0.001], mean cell hemoglobin [26.60/pg vs. 27.90/pg, p < 0.0001], and mean cell hemoglobin concentration [33.10/g/dL) vs. 33.80/g/dL, p < 0.0001] than those without anemia. Serum levels of ferritin (p = 0.1140), transferrin (p = 0.5070), iron (p = 0.7950), and total iron binding capacity (p = 0.4610) did not differ significantly between T2DM patients with or without anemia. Conclusion Despite the high prevalence of anemia among the T2DM patients in our cohort, patients present with apparently normal iron stores. This unrecognized mild anemia must be frequently monitored among T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wina I. O. Boadu
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - William K. B. A Owiredu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Emmanuel Timmy Donkoh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Centre for Research in Applied BiologyUniversity of Energy and Natural ResourcesSunyaniGhana
| | - Kwame O. Boadu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyKumasi South HospitalKumasiGhana
| | - Afia A. Kwayie
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Joseph Frimpong
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Enoch O. Anto
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupPerthAustralia
| | - Christian Obirikorang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Emmanuel E. Korsah
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Ezekiel Ansah
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Michael Nyantakyi
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Stephen Opoku
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Ebenezer Senu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Elizabeth Aboagye
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
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Ekpor E, Akyirem S, Adade Duodu P. Prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among persons with type 2 diabetes in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med 2023; 55:696-713. [PMID: 36821504 PMCID: PMC9970251 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2182909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes and obesity are serious public health concerns globally and a growing burden in Africa. Both conditions have serious repercussions on health when they co-occur, yet the extent of their co-occurrence in Africa remains unknown. Therefore, this review aimed to identify the prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among persons with type 2 diabetes in Africa. METHOD A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, African Index Medicus (AIM), and African Journals Online (AJOL) for observational studies that reported the prevalence of overweight and/or obesity among type 2 diabetes patients in Africa. The prevalence data from individual studies were aggregated through a random-effects meta-analysis. The I2 statistic was used to evaluate between-studies heterogeneity, while subgroup analysis and mixed-effects meta-regression were performed to identify sources of heterogeneity. We assessed publication bias using funnel plots and Egger's test. This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS Of 1753 records retrieved, 80 articles were eligible for this review, with 74 cross-sectional studies included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity was 35.6% and 25.6% respectively, while the overall prevalence of both overweight and obesity was 61.4%. Also, the pooled prevalence of both overweight and obesity across the five geographical areas in Africa ranged from 56.9% in East Africa to 88.5% in Southern Africa. Nineteen factors were significantly associated with overweight and obesity among patients with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of overweight and obesity among patients with type 2 diabetes is a significant public health concern that transcends geographical boundaries within Africa. The findings from this review highlight the need for innovative weight management interventions that are tailored to the cultural context of the African setting.KEY MESSAGESThere was a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among the type 2 diabetes patients.Nineteen factors were identified to be significantly associated with overweight and obesity among type 2 diabetes patients.Only 12 out of the 80 included studies primarily focused on the prevalence of overweight and/or obesity which reflects a dearth of interest in this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ekpor
- School of Nursing, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- St. Martins de Porres Hospital, Eikwe, Ghana
| | - Samuel Akyirem
- Yale School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Precious Adade Duodu
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, England, UK
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Yusuf MU, Abdurahman N, Asmerom H, Atsbaha T, Alemu A, Weldegebreal F. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anemia Among Hospital Admitted Patients in Eastern Ethiopia. J Blood Med 2023; 14:575-588. [PMID: 38023805 PMCID: PMC10657767 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s431047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anemia is one of the most common comorbidities frequently seen in admitted patients. However, there is a scarcity of evidence regarding anemia among hospital admitted patients in Ethiopia, particularly in the Harari Region. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of anemia among hospital admitted patients in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 25 to December 30, 2022. Four milliliters of venous blood were collected and complete blood count was done using the DxH 800 (Beckman Coulter, Inc, Miami, FL) hematology analyzer. The data were entered in Epi-data version 4 and exported to SPSS version 26 for statistical analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted. The level of significance was declared at a p-value of < 0.05. Results Of the 381 hospital admitted patients, 64.8% (95% CI = 60.01, 69.65) of the participants were anemic. Admitted patients who drank standard alcohol daily (AOR = 3.78, 95% CI = 1.71, 8.30), underweight (AOR = 9.39, 95% CI = 2.90, 30.46), and undernourished patients (AOR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.15, 5.84), patients admitted with chronic kidney disease (AOR = 11.16, 95% CI = 4.06, 30.64), chronic liver disease (AOR = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.21, 8.47), deep vein thrombosis (AOR = 6.22, 95% CI = 1.98, 19.52), infectious disease (AOR = 9.71, 95% CI = 2.77, 34.02), and chronic non-communicable disease (AOR = 7.01, 95% CI = 1.90, 25.99) were all significantly associated with anemia. Conclusion Anemia was common among hospital admitted patients and should prompt the focus on admission diagnoses that are likely to play leading roles in etiology. This information indicates a need for routine screening of anemia for all admitted patients to improve their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Umer Yusuf
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Nuredin Abdurahman
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Haftu Asmerom
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Atsbaha
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Adisu Alemu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Fitsum Weldegebreal
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Arkew M, Asmerom H, Gemechu K, Tesfa T. Global Prevalence of Anemia Among Type 2 Diabetic Adult Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:2243-2254. [PMID: 37545742 PMCID: PMC10402722 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s421851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anemia is a common and often overlooked hematological change observed in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, there is no global survey or health registry that estimates the pooled prevalence of anemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the global pooled prevalence of anemia among adult patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods This study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO with the reference number (CRD42022327135), and the link provided (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022327135) display the published methodology. Previously published articles were searched in PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, WHO Global Index Medicus, African Journals Online, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Google from October 26 to November 09, 2022. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool. Random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of anemia. The degree of heterogeneity among the included studies was assessed using I2 statistics. Publication bias was detected using funnel plot symmetry analysis supplemented by Egger's and Begg's tests. Results Twenty-four studies with a total number of 19,118 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of anemia among type 2 diabetic adult patients was 27.0% (95% CI: 24.0, 31.0, I2 = 96.45%; P< 0.001). Geographical and time-based subgroup analysis showed that higher prevalence of anemia was observed in Africa region 28.0% (95% CI: 17.0, 39.0) and from 2015 to 2022, 28.0% (95% CI: 24.0, 33.0), respectively. Conclusion Anemia is a moderate public health problem among adult patients with type 2 diabetes. Nearly one in four patients with type 2 diabetes develops anemia. Therefore, considering the negative impact of anemia, it is important to include anemia screening in the routine assessment of diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesay Arkew
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Haftu Asmerom
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kabtamu Gemechu
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Tesfa
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Mazumder H, Islam KF, Rahman F, Gain EP, Saha N, Eva IS, Shimul MMH, Das J, Hossain MM. Prevalence of anemia in diabetes mellitus in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285336. [PMID: 37163539 PMCID: PMC10171606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anemia and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are amongst major clinical and public health challenges in South Asia that influence the progression of chronic health problems in this population. Despite a growing body of research on these problems, there is a lack synthesized evidence on the burden of anemia among people with DM in this region. This meta-analytic review was conducted to estimate the prevalence of anemia among people with DM in South Asia. METHODS A systematic search of the literature was conducted in five primary databases and additional sources up to July 29, 2022, that reported the prevalence of anemia among DM patients in any of the eight South Asian countries. Observational studies that met pre-determined eligibility criteria according to the protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022348433) were included in this meta-analysis. Random effect models were used to estimate pooled prevalence. RESULTS Of the 40 eligible studies, 38 underwent meta-analysis representing 14,194 participants with DM. The pooled prevalence of anemia was 45% (95% CI: 37.0-54.0, I2 = 99.28%, p = 0.00) among diabetic people in South Asia. In sub-group analysis, the pooled prevalence of anemia was higher in females (48%, 95% CI: 37.0-60.0, I2 = 98.86%, p = 0.00) compared to males (39%, 95% CI: 29.0-48.0, I2 = 98.18%, p = 0.00). Diabetic patients with older age (≥ 50 years) reported higher pooled estimates of anemia (48%, 95% CI: 38.0-58.0, I2 = 99.07%) than younger age group (< 50 years) (34%, 95% CI: 21.0-47.0, I2 = 98.83%). In addition, we found variation in pooled prevalence estimates of anemia considering the type of DM, such as type 1 reported 2% (95% CI: 0.00-4.00), type-2 reported 48% (95% CI: 40.0-56.0, I2 = 98.94%), and Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) reported 6% (95% CI: 3.00-12.0). CONCLUSION High pooled estimates of anemia among diabetic patients in South Asia, including publication bias, warrants further clinical and public health research following standard research methods to understand the more context-specific epidemiological insights and evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazi Faria Islam
- Research Initiative for Health Equity (RiHE), Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Rahman
- Research Initiative for Health Equity (RiHE), Khulna, Bangladesh
| | | | - Nobonita Saha
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Jyoti Das
- North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Hizomi Arani R, Fakhri F, Naeimi Tabiee M, Talebi F, Talebi Z, Rashidi N, Zahedi M. Prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a referral diabetic clinic in the north of Iran. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:58. [PMID: 36894956 PMCID: PMC9997001 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PURPOSE: This study intended to investigate the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Gorgan, Iran. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 415 (109 men) patients with T2DM referred to the referral diabetes clinic of Sayad Shirazi Hospital in Gorgan in 2021. Demographic information, anthropometric indices, past medical history, and some laboratory data on cell counts, serum blood glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, lipid/iron profiles, and urinary albumin were collected. The univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for potential associated factors, using SPSS version 21. The multivariable Model was adjusted for obesity, Hb A1c, T2DM duration, using glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs), chronic kidney disease (CKD), albuminuria, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia was 21.5% [95%CI: 17.6-25.7] among our total participants. The corresponding values for men and women were 20.2 (13.1-29.0) and 21.9 (17.4-27.0), respectively.The adjusted model revealed that obesity (OR, 1.94 [95% CI, 1.17-3.23]), T2DM duration for more than five years (OR, 3.12 [1.78-5.47]), albuminuria (OR, 6.37 [3.13-10.91]), chronic kidney disease (OR, 4.30 [ 2.83-7.29]) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 1.72 [ 1.21-2.77]) were significantly associated with prevalent anemia among patients with T2DM. Moreover, using insulin separately or in combination with oral GLDs associated positively with the prevalence of anemia with ORs of 2.60 [1.42-6.42] and 1.87 [1.30-4.37] , respectively. CONCLUSION Anemia had a high prevalence among patients with T2DM in the north of Iran (about 22%), which is associated with obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, duration of T2DM, and diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhane Hizomi Arani
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farima Fakhri
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Science, 7616913555, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naeimi Tabiee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology disorders, Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Sayad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Talebi
- Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Sayad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Zahra Talebi
- Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Sayad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Negin Rashidi
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, CA, Canada
| | - Maryam Zahedi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and metabolic disorders, Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Sayyad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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Ebrahim H, Fiseha T, Ebrahim Y, Bisetegn H. Comparison of hematological parameters between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and healthy controls at Dessie comprehensive specialized hospital, Northeast Ethiopia: Comparative cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272145. [PMID: 35895700 PMCID: PMC9328522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition associated with raised levels of blood glucose due to the body cannot produce any or enough insulin hormone or cannot be effectively utilized the produced insulin by the body. Patients with poorly controlled diabetes show a significant alteration in various parameters including metabolic, cellular, immunological, and hematological disturbances that leads to vascular complications. Thus, the main aim of this study is to compare hematological parameters between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and healthy controls. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Dessie comprehensive specialized hospital from January to June 2021. A total of 240 study participants consisting of 120 T2DM patients and 120 healthy controls were recruited using a systematic random sampling technique. Hematological parameters were determined using the DIRUI BF6500 automated hematology analyzer. Independent T-test was used to compare the mean of hematological parameters between T2DM patients and healthy controls. Pearson correlation test was used to determine the correlation between FBG, BMI, SBP, DBP, and hematological parameters in T2DM patients. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between socio-demographic and clinical variables with anemia. The result was expressed in mean and standard deviation and presented in texts and tables. P-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results The mean and standard deviation of monocyte count, basophil count, monocyte %, basophil %, RBC count, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, RDW-SD, MPV, PDW, PLC-R, and plateletcrit showed a significant difference between T2DM patients and healthy control group. Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the total WBC count, neutrophil count, monocyte count, basophil count, RDW-CV, PDW, MPV, PLC-R, and plateletcrit were statistically positively correlated with FBG whereas RBC count, Hgb, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, and RDW-SD were statistically negatively correlated with FBG in T2DM patients. Moreover, total WBC count, neutrophil count, monocyte count, basophil count, Hgb, and plateletcrit were statistically positively correlated with BMI while RBC count, Hgb, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, and RDW-SD were statistically negatively correlated with BMI in T2DM patients. On the other hand, DBP was significantly positively correlated with platelet count and RDW-CV whereas SBP also significantly positively correlated with total WBC count, neutrophil count, basophil count, and PDW. Besides, DBP and SBP showed statistically significant negative correlations with RBC count, Hgb level, and Hct value in T2DM patients. The overall prevalence of anemia was 25.8% in T2DM patients with a higher prevalence of anemia (16.7%) in female patients. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that being non-employee worker (AOR: 3.6, 95% CI, 1.4–46.0, P = 0.002), presence of neuropathy (AOR: 13.40, 95% CI, 6.83–26.28, P = 0.00), and duration of the disease ≥ 5 years (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI, 1.2–15.3, P = 0.03) have had statistically significant association with anemia inT2DM patients. Conclusions Patients with T2DM may have significant alterations in various hematological parameters. Hematological parameters should be regularly tested for early diagnosis and proper management of diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussen Ebrahim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Temesgen Fiseha
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Yesuf Ebrahim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Dessie Health Science College, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Habtye Bisetegn
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Anemia and associated factors among patients admitted with metabolic syndromes at Worabe Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266089. [PMID: 35377899 PMCID: PMC8979448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells is inadequate to meet the physiologic needs of the human body oxygen and it is highly prevalent among individuals with metabolic syndromes as a complication in turn speed up the progression and the number of adverse outcomes unless the proper measure is undertaken. Determination of anemia may play a major role in the management and early aversion of complications in an admitted patient with metabolic syndromes. Therefore, this study aimed to determine anemia and its associated factors among patients with admitted metabolic syndromes at Worabe Comprehensive Specialized hospital, Southern Ethiopia from March 1 to May 30, 2021. Methods and materials An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 324 adult patients admitted with metabolic syndromes. Structured questionnaires through face-to-face interviews and participants’ medical records were used to collect information on determinants related to anemia. A blood sample was collected to determine hematological parameters, biochemical profile, and blood film preparation. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22. Binary logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated with anemia. The p-value was set at <0.05 with a 95% confidence interval of the adjusted odds ratio. Results A total of 324 admitted adult patients with metabolic syndromes were involved. The overall prevalence of anemia among study participants was 25.3% (95%CI: 20.7, 30.2), of which 52.4% had moderate anemia and 56% had microcytic types of anemia. Being alcoholic (AOR = 6.25, 95% CI: (3.05, 12.82)), obese (AOR = 3.34, 95% CI: (1.02, 11.21)), dyslipidemic (AOR = 2.06, 95% CI: (1.02, 4.17)), and diabetic (AOR = 2.61, 95%CI: (1.31, 5.21)) were significantly associated with anemia. Conclusion The prevalence of anemia among patients admitted with metabolic syndrome observed in this study was a moderate public health problem. Taking alcohol, being dyslipidemic, obese and diabetic was significantly associated with anemia. The finding of this study should be taken into consideration to implement preventive interventions on identified factors in study percipients. Taking fruit and vegetable, and promoting physical exercise, routine determination of fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin level in adult admitted metabolic syndromes patients were recommended to minimize the emergence of anemia.
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Anemia is related to osteoporosis in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. Arch Osteoporos 2021; 16:161. [PMID: 34716464 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-021-01030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Both anemia and osteoporosis are common in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the relationship between them remains to be determined. This study showed that anemia was related to osteoporosis in male and female T2DM patients. Diabetes patients with anemia should also be wary of osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION Anemia and osteoporosis are considered complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the relationship between anemia and osteoporosis in the T2DM population remains to be determined. Thus, we planned the present study to verify their relationship. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed. The patients were divided into groups according to sex and hemoglobin levels (Q1: ≤ 120, Q2: 120 to ≤ 140, Q3: > 140 in men; Q1: ≤ 110, Q2: 110 to ≤ 130, Q3: > 130 in women). Clinical characteristics and bone mineral density (BMD) were compared. The relationship between anemia and osteoporosis was determined after adjusting for age, diabetic duration, body mass index, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, HbA1c, and fasting C-peptide. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. RESULTS This study included 2336 patients (1150 men and 1186 postmenopausal women). The percentage of osteoporosis differed by hemoglobin status in both men (Q1: 20.2%, Q2: 15.5%, Q3: 12.4%, P = 0.031) and women (Q1: 51.4%, Q2: 38.0%, Q3: 34.5%, P < 0.001). Q1, with the lowest hemoglobin level, has higher percentage of osteoporosis in men (20.2%) and in women (51.4%). Hip BMD (men: r = 0.168, P < 0.001, women: r = 0.126, P < 0.001) and femur neck BMD (men: r = 0.150, P < 0.001, women: r = 0.134, P < 0.001) were correlated with hemoglobin levels in both sexes. The odds of osteoporosis increased 1.4-fold in men and 2.0-fold in women in the Q1 groups compared with Q3 groups. CONCLUSION Anemia was related to osteoporosis in T2DM patients regardless of sex. Diabetic patients with anemia (men with hemoglobin below 120 g/L and women with hemoglobin below 110 g/L) should also be wary of osteoporosis.
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Michalak SS, Wolny-Rokicka E, Nowakowska E, Michalak M, Gil L. Clinical Implications of the Coexistence of Anemia and Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly Population. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:8745968. [PMID: 34708130 PMCID: PMC8545586 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8745968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and also anemia are common in the elderly and have a negative impact on the clinical outcomes of patients. The coexistence of anemia and DM seems to be insufficiently recognized; therefore, the aim of our study is to analyze the incidence and clinical consequences of this coexistence, including mortality, in the population of people aged ≥60. A retrospective study was conducted on 981 primary care clinic patients aged ≥60 during 2013-2014. The prevalence of coexistence of DM and anemia (defined in accordance with WHO) and data on the incidence of comorbidities, hospitalization, medical procedures, and all-cause mortality were analyzed. In the study population, 25% had DM, while 5.4% had both DM and anemia. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) was found in 48 patients (4.89%) of the entire study population, more often in men (p < 0.001). Diabetic patients with anemia compared to nonanemic diabetics had more comorbidities (median 4 (4, 5) vs. 3 (2-4); p < 0.001)-PAD more often (p = 0.004), more hospitalization (median 2 (0-11) vs. 0 (0-11); p < 0.001), and more frequent medical procedures (e.g., percutaneous coronary intervention (p < 0.001), coronary artery bypass surgery (p = 0.027), arteriography (p < 0.001), and bypass surgery or endovascular treatments of lower limb ischemia (p < 0.001)). The cumulative survival of patients with both DM and anemia vs. nonanemic diabetics at 36 months was 86.4% vs. 99.3% (p < 0.001). A multivariate logistic regression model showed anemia to be a significant risk factor for death in diabetic patients (p = 0.013). Patients with both DM and anemia have more comorbidities than nonanemic diabetic patients; they are more often hospitalized, require medical procedures more frequently, and are at a higher risk of death. Effective treatment of anemia in patients with DM is advisable and may well improve the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Michalak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - E. Wolny-Rokicka
- Department of Radiotherapy, Multidisciplinary Hospital, Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - E. Nowakowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - M. Michalak
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - L. Gil
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Olum R, Bongomin F, Kaggwa MM, Andia-Biraro I, Baluku JB. Anemia in diabetes mellitus in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102260. [PMID: 34479102 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Anemia accelerates chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of anemia among people with DM in Africa. METHODS A search of studies was conducted in the main databases (Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, AJOL and Google Scholar) and the reference lists of selected studies. Observational studies that met the eligibility criteria were included in this meta-analysis. There was no limitation in terms of language. RESULTS We obtained data from 27 eligible studies, including 5913 patients. The pooled prevalence of anemia was 35% (95% CI: 28%-42%, I2 = 97.7%, p < 0.01). In sub-group analysis, the pooled prevalence was higher in people with diabetic foot lesions (56%, 95% CI: 49%-63%, I2 = 51.04%, p = 0.100) than in the general population of people with diabetes (30%, 95% CI: 23%-37%, I2 = 97.6%, p < 0.01). Pooled prevalence rates were also higher in; males than females (34% vs 31%), type II DM than type I DM (35% vs 26%), and in patients with poor glycemic control compared to those with good glycemic control (33% vs. 22%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of anemia in DM was high warranting enhanced clinical and public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Olum
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Felix Bongomin
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda.
| | - Mark Mohan Kaggwa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Irene Andia-Biraro
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
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Atlaw D, Tariku Z. Magnitude and factors associated with anemia among diabetic patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:20503121211031126. [PMID: 34290867 PMCID: PMC8274127 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211031126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In Ethiopia, diabetes is estimated to affect about half a million people. About 35% of individuals with diabetes are complicated by microvascular diseases like retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular, and anemia. Even though there are some studies conducted on prevalence and associated factors of anemia in diabetic patients, their findings were variable. Therefore, this meta-analysis is aimed to determine the pooled prevalence and factors associated with anemia among diabetic patients. Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, POPLINE, ScienceDirect, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar were systematically searched to identify related studies. The heterogeneity of studies was assessed using Cochran’s Q test and I2 tests. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of anemia among diabetic patients in Ethiopia. Publication bias was evaluated by employing Egger’s tests. Results: After reviewing 503 articles, 6 articles fulfilled inclusion criteria and remained for the final meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of anemia among diabetic patients was 24.81% (95% confidence interval: 19.38–30.25). Age greater than 60 years old (pooled odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 3.73 (2.23–6.77)), glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (pooled odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 12.65 (8.71–18.37)), and being diabetic for more than 10 years (pooled odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 10.21 (7.00–15.04)) were found to be determinants of anemia among diabetic patients in Ethiopia. Conclusion: Overall, one in four diabetic patients develops anemia in Ethiopia. Age, glomerular filtration rate, and duration of being diabetic are factors significantly associated with the occurrence of anemia in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Atlaw
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Bale-Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Zerihun Tariku
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
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Adane T, Getawa S. Anaemia and its associated factors among diabetes mellitus patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENDOCRINOLOGY DIABETES & METABOLISM 2021; 4:e00260. [PMID: 34277984 PMCID: PMC8279623 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Anaemia is common but often overlooked in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. There is also no official nationwide survey registry that estimated the prevalence of anaemia in DM patients in Ethiopia. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to determine the countrywide pooled prevalence and associated factors of anaemia in DM patients. Methods This systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. STATA 11 software was used for all statistical analysis. Random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of anaemia and associated factors at a 95% confidence interval (CI) with its respective odds ratio (OR). Subgroup analysis and egger test were used to determine heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. Results Nine articles were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis with a total of 2889 DM patients. The pooled prevalence of anaemia among DM patients in Ethiopia was 22.11% (95% CI: 15.83–28.39) I2 = 94.8%. The prevalence of anaemia in type I and type II DM patients was (16.78% [95% CI: 11.53–22.04]) and (31.12% [95% CI; 9.66–52.58]), respectively. The prevalence of anaemia was higher among male (36.72% [95% CI: 22.58–50.87] I2 = 97.6%) than female (27.51% [95% CI: 16.12–38.90] I2 = 96.3%). Moreover, the odds of anaemia were higher among patients with age ˃ 60 (OR = 2.98; 95% CI: 1.83, 4.87), low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (OR = 8.59; 95% CI: 4.76, 15.57), and duration of illness ≥5 years (OR = 2.66; 95%: 1.38, 5.13). Conclusions The result of this review implies that anaemia is a moderate public health problem among DM patients in Ethiopia. Older age, poor glycemic control, low eGFR and longer duration of illness were found to be the contributing factors for the development of anaemia in DM patients. Therefore, by considering the negative impact of anaemia, it is important to include anaemia screening into routine assessment of DM‐related complications targeting patients with older age, poor glycemic control, low eGFR, and longer duration of illness to reduce the magnitude of the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiruneh Adane
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Getawa
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia
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Prevalence of Anaemia and Its Associated Factors among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Anemia 2021; 2021:6627979. [PMID: 33628496 PMCID: PMC7889375 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6627979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anaemia is one of the commonest blood disorders seen in patients with diabetes. In Ethiopia, chronic illnesses are tremendously raising with their complications. But very little research has been conducted, particularly on anaemia among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the prevalence of anaemia and associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study design was employed at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from March 1 to April 15, 2019, among 372 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2DM). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was fitted, and the corresponding adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% CI were used to identify factors associated with anaemia. Level of significance was declared at the p value less than 0.05. Results The study revealed 8.06% (95% CI: 5.68-11.31%) of the participants were anaemic. Being male (AOR = 2.74, CI: 1.02, 7.38), combined type of treatment (AOR = 8.38, CI: 1.66, 42.25), having diabetes-related microvascular complications (AOR = 3.24, CI: 1.14, 9.26), and hypertension (AOR = 0.01, CI: 0.002, 0.06) were the significant factors associated with anaemia. Conclusions The finding of the current study revealed low prevalence of anaemia among T2DM patients. Sex, type of treatment, diabetes-related microvascular complications, and hypertension were factors associated with anaemia. Assessment of haemoglobin levels among T2DM patients may help to prevent ensuing microvascular complications. Incorporate anaemia screening into the routine assessment of diabetic complication particularly for those who are hypertensive and took combined treatment to allow early appreciation and treatment of anaemia and later improve the overall care of patients with diabetes.
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