1
|
Pérez-Prieto I, Plaza-Florido A, Ubago-Guisado E, Ortega FB, Altmäe S. Physical activity, sedentary behavior and microbiome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport 2024:S1440-2440(24)00227-5. [PMID: 39048485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on human health are well known, however, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Growing evidence points to physical activity as an important modulator of the composition and function of microbial communities, while evidence of sedentary behavior is scarce. We aimed to synthesize and meta-analyze the current evidence about the effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on microbiome across different body sites and in different populations. METHODS A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane databases was conducted until September 2022. Random-effects meta-analyses including cross-sectional studies (active vs. inactive/athletes vs. non-athletes) or trials reporting the chronic effect of physical activity interventions on gut microbiome alpha-diversity in healthy individuals were performed. RESULTS Ninety-one studies were included in this systematic review. Our meta-analyses of 2632 participants indicated no consistent effect of physical activity on microbial alpha-diversity, although there seems to be a trend toward a higher microbial richness in athletes compared to non-athletes. Most of studies reported an increase in short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria such as Akkermansia, Faecalibacterium, Veillonella or Roseburia in active individuals and after physical activity interventions. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity levels were positively associated with the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. Athletes seem to have a richer microbiome compared to non-athletes. However, high heterogeneity between studies avoids obtaining conclusive information on the role of physical activity in microbial composition. Future multi-omics studies would enhance our understanding of the molecular effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on the microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Pérez-Prieto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain.
| | - Abel Plaza-Florido
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Spain; Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, UC Irvine School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Esther Ubago-Guisado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain; Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Signe Altmäe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Muralidharan J, Ruiz-Limón P, Gomez-Perez AM, Murri M, Vioque J, Corella D, Fitó M, Vidal J, Salas-Salvadó J, Torres-Collado L, Coltell O, Atzeni A, Castañer O, Bulló M, Bernal-López MR, Moreno-Indias I, Tinahones FJ. Physical activity shifts gut microbiota structure in aged subjects with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. Biol Sport 2024; 41:47-60. [PMID: 38952913 PMCID: PMC11167471 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.133005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify how physical activity (PA), within the context of a Mediterranean diet, affects metabolic variables and gut microbiota in older individuals with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. Observational analysis was conducted as part of the PREDIMED-Plus study with 152 males and 145 females with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. General assessments, anthropometric and biochemical measurements, and gut microbial 16S rRNA sequencing data were analyzed at baseline and 1-year of follow-up. Participants were stratified by tertiles of 1-year change in total PA-related energy expenditure ranging from -98.77 to 1099.99 METs (min/week). The total PA percentage of change was reduced in tertile 1 (-44.83 ± 24.94), increased in tertile 2 (28.96 ± 23.33) and tertile 3 (273.64 ± 221.42). Beta diversity analysis showed differences in the gut microbiota population within each tertile group. Significant differences were found at phylum, family, and genus levels in the gut microbiota of the three tertile groups at baseline and 1-year timepoint. Tertile 3, the group with the greatest increase in PA, was characterized by increases in their levels of Sutterella, Bilophila, and Lachnospira bacteria as well as a reduction in Collinsella. Moreover, this tertile showed a different pattern in its predicted metabolic capacities to the other groups. Our results have demonstrated that changes in PA such as lifestyle and Mediterranean diet induces specific variations in the gut microbiota profile. This modulation of gut microbiome populations and their metabolic capacities may contribute to the health of the aged individuals with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jananee Muralidharan
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- University of Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, 43003 Reus, Spain
| | - Patricia Ruiz-Limón
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. Gomez-Perez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mora Murri
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante. University of Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Montse Fitó
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition (Regicor Study Group), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Clinic Universitary Hospital, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- University of Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, 43003 Reus, Spain
- Pere i Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV). San Joan University Hospital, 43003 Reus, Spain
| | - Laura Torres-Collado
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante. University of Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Coltell
- Department of Computer Sciences. University Jaume I, Castellon, Spain
| | - Alessandro Atzeni
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- University of Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, 43003 Reus, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition (Regicor Study Group), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Bulló
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- University of Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, 43003 Reus, Spain
| | - M. Rosa Bernal-López
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine of Regional University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Isabel Moreno-Indias
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Petri C, Mascherini G, Izzicupo P, Rosati D, Cerboneschi M, Smeazzetto S, Arrones LS. Gut microbiota and physical activity level: characterization from sedentary to soccer players. Biol Sport 2024; 41:169-176. [PMID: 38952907 PMCID: PMC11167455 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.134759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence of the relationship between physical activity and gut microbiota composition is steadily increasing. The purpose of the study is to compare the gut microbiota composition of a group of elite male soccer players with a group of subjects with different physical activity levels. Cross-sectional studies were performed on 91 healthy young males, in detail: 17 elite soccer players (23.7 ± 4.2 yrs, BMI 23.2 ± 1.2 kg/m2); 14 with high levels of physical training (24.5 ± 5.6 yrs, BMI 22.7 ± 0.8 kg/m2); 23 with moderate levels of physical training (29.3 ± 3.9 yrs, BMI 22.5 ± 0.8 kg/m2); and 37 healthy men without exercise habits (28.1 ± 5.9 yrs, BMI 22.4 ± 1.0 kg/m2). Relative microbiota composition was determined by analyzing DNA extracted from stool samples. The quality and quantity of extracted DNA were assessed using a Qubit Fluorometer. Differences between subjects' populations were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni's post-hoc test was employed to identify localized effects. Elite soccer players and subjects with high physical activity levels showed a significantly higher prevalence of the nine microbiota populations analyzed than subjects with moderate physical training or who were sedentary. No differences were found in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio among the different study populations. This study reports the gut microbiota parameters of elite footballers for the first time. In addition, it brings new insights into the effects of different levels of physical activity on the composition of the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Petri
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Gabriele Mascherini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Pascal Izzicupo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Diletta Rosati
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Luis Suarez Arrones
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang L, Li H, Song Z, Liu Y, Zhang X. Dietary Strategies to Improve Exercise Performance by Modulating the Gut Microbiota. Foods 2024; 13:1680. [PMID: 38890909 PMCID: PMC11171530 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous research studies have shown that moderate physical exercise exerts positive effects on gastrointestinal tract health and increases the variety and relative number of beneficial microorganisms in the intestinal microbiota. Increasingly, studies have shown that the gut microbiota is critical for energy metabolism, immunological response, oxidative stress, skeletal muscle metabolism, and the regulation of the neuroendocrine system, which are significant for the physiological function of exercise. Dietary modulation targeting the gut microbiota is an effective prescription for improving exercise performance and alleviating exercise fatigue. This article discusses the connection between exercise and the makeup of the gut microbiota, as well as the detrimental effects of excessive exercise on gut health. Herein, we elaborate on the possible mechanism of the gut microbiota in improving exercise performance, which involves enhancing skeletal muscle function, reducing oxidative stress, and regulating the neuroendocrine system. The effects of dietary nutrition strategies and probiotic supplementation on exercise from the perspective of the gut microbiota are also discussed in this paper. A deeper understanding of the potential mechanism by which the gut microbiota exerts positive effects on exercise and dietary nutrition recommendations targeting the gut microbiota is significant for improving exercise performance. However, further investigation is required to fully comprehend the intricate mechanisms at work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Haoyu Li
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Zheyi Song
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.S.)
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.S.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Duan R, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Shi J, Xue R, Liu R, Miao Y, Zhou X, Lv Y, Shen H, Xie X, Ai X. The impact of exercise on the gut microbiota in middle-aged amateur serious runners: a comparative study. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1343219. [PMID: 38737829 PMCID: PMC11082653 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1343219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Exercise, health, and the gut microbiota (GM) are strongly correlated. Research indicates that professional athletes, especially ultra-marathon runners, have unique GM characteristics. However, more research has focused on elite athletes, with little attention given to amateur sports enthusiasts, especially those in the middle-aged population. Therefore, this study focuses on the impact of long-term running on the composition and potential functions of the GM in middle-aged individuals. Methods We compared the GM of 25 middle-aged serious runnerswith 22 sedentary healthy controls who had minimal exercise habitsusing 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally, we assessed dietary habits using a food frequency questionnaire. Results and Discussion Statistical analysis indicates that there is no significant difference in dietary patterns between the control group and serious runners. Diversity analysis results indicate that there is no significant difference in α diversity between the two groups of GM, but there is a significant difference in β diversity. Analysis of the composition of GM reveals that Ruminococcus and Coprococcus are significantly enriched in serious runners, whereas Bacteroides, Lachnoclostridium, and Lachnospira are enriched in the control group. Differential analysis of functional pathway prediction results reveals significant differences in the functional metabolism levels of GM between serious runners and the control group. Further correlation analysis results indicate that this difference may be closely related to variations in GM. In conclusion, our results suggest that long-term exercise can lead to changes in the composition of the GM. These changes have the potential to impact the overall health of the individual by influencing metabolic regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Duan
- Jingmen Central Hospital, Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center for Functional Colorectal Diseases, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Jingmen Central Hospital, Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center for Functional Colorectal Diseases, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Yonglian Zhang
- Jingmen Central Hospital, Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center for Functional Colorectal Diseases, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Jinrong Shi
- Jingmen Central Hospital, Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center for Functional Colorectal Diseases, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Rong Xue
- Jingmen Central Hospital, Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center for Functional Colorectal Diseases, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Jingmen Central Hospital, Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center for Functional Colorectal Diseases, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanxin Miao
- Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Maintainbiotech Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - Hexiao Shen
- Maintainbiotech Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiongwei Xie
- Jingmen Central Hospital, Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center for Functional Colorectal Diseases, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Xu Ai
- Jingmen Central Hospital, Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center for Functional Colorectal Diseases, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bertuccioli A, Zonzini GB, Cazzaniga M, Cardinali M, Di Pierro F, Gregoretti A, Zerbinati N, Guasti L, Matera MR, Cavecchia I, Palazzi CM. Sports-Related Gastrointestinal Disorders: From the Microbiota to the Possible Role of Nutraceuticals, a Narrative Analysis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:804. [PMID: 38674748 PMCID: PMC11051759 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Intense physical exercise can be related to a significant incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms, with a prevalence documented in the literature above 80%, especially for more intense forms such as running. This is in an initial phase due to the distancing of the flow of blood from the digestive system to the skeletal muscle and thermoregulatory systems, and secondarily to sympathetic nervous activation and hormonal response with alteration of intestinal motility, transit, and nutrient absorption capacity. The sum of these effects results in a localized inflammatory process with disruption of the intestinal microbiota and, in the long term, systemic inflammation. The most frequent early symptoms include abdominal cramps, flatulence, the urge to defecate, rectal bleeding, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, regurgitation, chest pain, heartburn, and belching. Promoting the stability of the microbiota can contribute to the maintenance of correct intestinal permeability and functionality, with better control of these symptoms. The literature documents various acute and chronic alterations of the microbiota following the practice of different types of activities. Several nutraceuticals can have functional effects on the control of inflammatory dynamics and the stability of the microbiota, exerting both nutraceutical and prebiotic effects. In particular, curcumin, green tea catechins, boswellia, berberine, and cranberry PACs can show functional characteristics in the management of these situations. This narrative review will describe its application potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bertuccioli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61122 Urbino, Italy; (A.B.); (G.B.Z.); (M.C.)
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (F.D.P.); (A.G.); (M.R.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Giordano Bruno Zonzini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61122 Urbino, Italy; (A.B.); (G.B.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Massimiliano Cazzaniga
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (F.D.P.); (A.G.); (M.R.M.); (I.C.)
- Scientific & Research Department, Velleja Research, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Cardinali
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61122 Urbino, Italy; (A.B.); (G.B.Z.); (M.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infermi Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Pierro
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (F.D.P.); (A.G.); (M.R.M.); (I.C.)
- Scientific & Research Department, Velleja Research, 20125 Milano, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insurbia, 21100 Varese, Italy; (N.Z.); (L.G.)
| | - Aurora Gregoretti
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (F.D.P.); (A.G.); (M.R.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Nicola Zerbinati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insurbia, 21100 Varese, Italy; (N.Z.); (L.G.)
| | - Luigina Guasti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insurbia, 21100 Varese, Italy; (N.Z.); (L.G.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Matera
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (F.D.P.); (A.G.); (M.R.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Ilaria Cavecchia
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (F.D.P.); (A.G.); (M.R.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Chiara Maria Palazzi
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (F.D.P.); (A.G.); (M.R.M.); (I.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Imdad S, So B, Jang J, Park J, Lee SJ, Kim JH, Kang C. Temporal variations in the gut microbial diversity in response to high-fat diet and exercise. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3282. [PMID: 38332014 PMCID: PMC10853223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet-induced obesity is a pandemic caused by an inactive lifestyle and increased consumption of Western diets and is a major risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In contrast, exercise can positively influence gut microbial diversity and is linked to a decreased inflammatory state. To understand the gut microbial variations associated with exercise and high-fat diet over time, we conducted a longitudinal study to examine the effect of covariates on gut microbial diversity and composition. Young mice were divided into four groups: Chow-diet (CHD), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet + exercise (HFX), and exercise only (EXE) and underwent experimental intervention for 12 weeks. Fecal samples at week 0 and 12 were collected for DNA extraction, followed by 16S library preparation and sequencing. Data were analyzed using QIIME 2, R and MicrobiomeAnalyst. The Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio decreased fivefold in the HFD and HFX groups compared to that in the CHD and EXE groups and increased in the EXE group over time. Alpha diversity was significantly increased in the EXE group longitudinally (p < 0.02), whereas diversity (Shannon, Faith's PD, and Fisher) and richness (ACE) was significantly reduced in the HFD (p < 0.005) and HFX (p < 0.03) groups over time. Beta diversity, based on the Jaccard, Bray-Curtis, and unweighted UniFrac distance metrics, was significant among the groups. Prevotella, Paraprevotella, Candidatus arthromitus, Lactobacillus salivarius, L. reuteri, Roseburia, Bacteroides uniformis, Sutterella, and Corynebacterium were differentially abundant in the chow-diet groups (CHD and EXE). Exercise significantly reduced the proportion of taxa characteristic of a high-fat diet, including Butyricimonas, Ruminococcus gnavus, and Mucispirillum schaedleri. Diet, age, and exercise significantly contributed to explaining the bacterial community structure and diversity in the gut microbiota. Modulating the gut microbiota and maintaining its stability can lead to targeted microbiome therapies to manage chronic and recurrent diseases and infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Imdad
- Molecular Metabolism in Health and Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju, 28503, South Korea
| | - Byunghun So
- Molecular Metabolism in Health and Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Junho Jang
- Molecular Metabolism in Health and Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Jinhan Park
- Molecular Metabolism in Health and Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Sam-Jun Lee
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, College of Health, Welfare, and Education, Tong Myong University, Busan, 48520, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju, 28503, South Korea.
| | - Chounghun Kang
- Molecular Metabolism in Health and Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea.
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Álvarez-Herms J, González A, Corbi F, Odriozola I, Odriozola A. Possible relationship between the gut leaky syndrome and musculoskeletal injuries: the important role of gut microbiota as indirect modulator. AIMS Public Health 2023; 10:710-738. [PMID: 37842270 PMCID: PMC10567981 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2023049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aims to examine the evidence on the relationship between gut microbiota (GM), leaky gut syndrome and musculoskeletal injuries. Musculoskeletal injuries can significantly impair athletic performance, overall health, and quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests that the state of the gut microbiota and the functional intestinal permeability may contribute to injury recovery. Since 2007, a growing field of research has supported the idea that GM exerts an essential role maintaining intestinal homeostasis and organic and systemic health. Leaky gut syndrome is an acquired condition where the intestinal permeability is impaired, and different bacteria and/or toxins enter in the bloodstream, thereby promoting systemic endotoxemia and chronic low-grade inflammation. This systemic condition could indirectly contribute to increased local musculoskeletal inflammation and chronificate injuries and pain, thereby reducing recovery-time and limiting sport performance. Different strategies, including a healthy diet and the intake of pre/probiotics, may contribute to improving and/or restoring gut health, thereby modulating both systemically as local inflammation and pain. Here, we sought to identify critical factors and potential strategies that could positively improve gut microbiota and intestinal health, and reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injuries and its recovery-time and pain. In conclusion, recent evidences indicate that improving gut health has indirect consequences on the musculoskeletal tissue homeostasis and recovery through the direct modulation of systemic inflammation, the immune response and the nociceptive pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080 Leioa, Spain
- Phymo Lab, Physiology, and Molecular laboratory, Spain
| | - Adriana González
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080 Leioa, Spain
| | - Francisco Corbi
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Centre de Lleida, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Iñaki Odriozola
- Health Department of Basque Government, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Adrian Odriozola
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080 Leioa, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shah S, Mu C, Moossavi S, Shen-Tu G, Schlicht K, Rohmann N, Geisler C, Laudes M, Franke A, Züllig T, Köfeler H, Shearer J. Physical activity-induced alterations of the gut microbiota are BMI dependent. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22882. [PMID: 36943402 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201571r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is one of the leading causes of chronic metabolic disease including obesity. Increasing physical activity (PA) has been shown to improve cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal health and to be associated with a distinct gut microbiota composition in trained athletes. However, the impact of PA on the gut microbiota is inconclusive for individuals performing PA in their day-to-day life. This study examined the role of PA and hand-grip strength on gut microbiome composition in middle-aged adults (40-65 years, n = 350) with normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m2 ) and overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2 ) body mass index (BMI). PA was recorded using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and hand-grip strength was measured using a dynamometer. Serum samples were assessed for lipidomics while DNA was extracted from fecal samples for microbiome analysis. Overweight participants showed a higher concentration of triacylglycerols, and lower concentrations of cholesteryl esters, sphingomyelin, and lyso-phosphotidylcholine lipids (p < .05) compared with those with normal BMI. Additionally, overweight participants had a lower abundance of the Oscillibacter genus (p < .05). The impact of PA duration on the gut microbiome was BMI dependent. In normal but not overweight participants, high PA duration showed greater relative abundance of commensal taxa such as Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria phyla, as well as Collinsella and Prevotella genera (p < .05). Furthermore, in males with normal BMI, a stronger grip strength was associated with a higher relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and F. prausnitzii (p < .05) compared with lower grip strength. Taken together, data suggest that BMI plays a significant role in modeling PA-induced changes in gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shrushti Shah
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chunlong Mu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shirin Moossavi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Grace Shen-Tu
- Alberta's Tomorrow Project, Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kristina Schlicht
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nathalie Rohmann
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Corinna Geisler
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Züllig
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Köfeler
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jane Shearer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chew W, Lim YP, Lim WS, Chambers ES, Frost G, Wong SH, Ali Y. Gut-muscle crosstalk. A perspective on influence of microbes on muscle function. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1065365. [PMID: 36698827 PMCID: PMC9868714 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1065365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Our gastrointestinal system functions to digest and absorb ingested food, but it is also home to trillions of microbes that change across time, nutrition, lifestyle, and disease conditions. Largely commensals, these microbes are gaining prominence with regards to how they collectively affect the function of important metabolic organs, from the adipose tissues to the endocrine pancreas to the skeletal muscle. Muscle, as the biggest utilizer of ingested glucose and an important reservoir of body proteins, is intricately linked with homeostasis, and with important anabolic and catabolic functions, respectively. Herein, we provide a brief overview of how gut microbiota may influence muscle health and how various microbes may in turn be altered during certain muscle disease states. Specifically, we discuss recent experimental and clinical evidence in support for a role of gut-muscle crosstalk and include suggested underpinning molecular mechanisms that facilitate this crosstalk in health and diseased conditions. We end with a brief perspective on how exercise and pharmacological interventions may interface with the gut-muscle axis to improve muscle mass and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Chew
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Health Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen Peng Lim
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Aging, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Shiong Lim
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Health Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Institute of Geriatrics and Active Aging, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward S. Chambers
- Section for Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Frost
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Health Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yusuf Ali
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Health Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Singapore General Hospital, Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore, Singapore,Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Yusuf Ali ✉
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guo P. EFFECTS OF ABDOMINAL CORE STRENGTHENING ON FLEXIBILITY IN TAE KWON DO ATHLETES. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction In competitive sports like Tae Kwon Do, the body remains in constant disequilibrium and displacement. In this state, the limbs generate and transmit energy through the muscles of the abdominal core, which is the main link in the human kinetic energy chain. Objective Explore the effect of abdominal core strength on improving flexibility in taekwondo athletes. Methods Thirty male athletes were selected, with a minimum sport time limit of 4 years, and a mean age of 21±1 years. They were randomly divided into three groups, A, B and C, with 10 people in each group. Group A participated in stable abdominal core strength training, 1 hour daily, 3 times a week, for a total of 12 weeks. Results Intra-group comparisons: There were extremely significant differences between groups A, B and C; extremely significant differences were found between the first and second and third times in group A; when compared, the first, second and third times in group B also showed modifications. Conclusion Stable and unstable core strength training can improve flexibility; after training, flexibility gains from unstable abdominal core strength training are more lasting. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang YW, Cao MM, Li YJ, Chen XX, Yu Q, Rui YF. A narrative review of the moderating effects and repercussion of exercise intervention on osteoporosis: ingenious involvement of gut microbiota and its metabolites. J Transl Med 2022; 20:490. [PMID: 36303163 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone disease characterized by the decreased bone mass and destruction of bone microstructure, which tends to result in the enhanced bone fragility and related fractures, as well as high disability rate and mortality. Exercise is one of the most common, reliable and cost-effective interventions for the prevention and treatment of OP currently, and numerous studies have revealed the close association between gut microbiota (GM) and bone metabolism recently. Moreover, exercise can alter the structure, composition and abundance of GM, and further influence the body health via GM and its metabolites, and the changes of GM also depend on the choice of exercise modes. Herein, combined with relevant studies and based on the inseparable relationship between exercise intervention-GM-OP, this review is aimed to discuss the moderating effects and potential mechanisms of exercise intervention on GM and bone metabolism, as well as the interaction between them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mu-Min Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ying-Juan Li
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China.,Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiang-Xu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qian Yu
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China.,Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yun-Feng Rui
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China. .,Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, PR China. .,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China. .,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bonomini-Gnutzmann R, Plaza-Díaz J, Jorquera-Aguilera C, Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Rodríguez-Rodríguez F. Effect of Intensity and Duration of Exercise on Gut Microbiota in Humans: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159518. [PMID: 35954878 PMCID: PMC9368618 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The gut microbiota might play a part in affecting athletic performance and is of considerable importance to athletes. The aim of this study was to search the recent knowledge of the protagonist played by high-intensity and high-duration aerobic exercise on gut microbiota composition in athletes and how these effects could provide disadvantages in sports performance. (2) Methods: This systematic review follows the PRISMA guidelines. An exhaustive bibliographic search in Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus was conducted considering the articles published in the last 5 years. The selected articles were categorized according to the type of study. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Tool for Systematic Reviews. (3) Results: Thirteen studies had negative effects of aerobic exercise on intestinal microbiota such as an upsurge in I-FABP, intestinal distress, and changes in the gut microbiota, such as an increase in Prevotella, intestinal permeability and zonulin. In contrast, seven studies observed positive effects of endurance exercise, including an increase in the level of bacteria such as increased microbial diversity and increased intestinal metabolites. (4) Conclusions: A large part of the studies found reported adverse effects on the intestinal microbiota when performing endurance exercises. In studies carried out on athletes, more negative effects on the microbiota were found than in those carried out on non-athletic subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.P.-D.); (C.J.-A.); Tel.: +34-958241599 (J.P.-D.); +569-95791706 (C.J.-A.)
| | - Carlos Jorquera-Aguilera
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile;
- Correspondence: (J.P.-D.); (C.J.-A.); Tel.: +34-958241599 (J.P.-D.); +569-95791706 (C.J.-A.)
| | - Andrés Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Gastric Cancer Research Group—Laboratory of Oncology, UC Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2374631, Chile;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dziewiecka H, Buttar HS, Kasperska A, Ostapiuk-Karolczuk J, Domagalska M, Cichoń J, Skarpańska-Stejnborn A. Physical activity induced alterations of gut microbiota in humans: a systematic review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:122. [PMID: 35799284 PMCID: PMC9264679 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota is considered to have a great impact on human health and disease. While it is widely recognized that the gut microbiota of healthy individuals differs from those with obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic syndrome, and other chronic diseases, the alterations of gut microbiota with physical activity are not fully understood. Accordingly, we performed this systematic review to address the question regarding the effects of mild and intense exercise on the gut microbiota in humans.
Methods The comparative analyses of gut microbiota were conducted following the PRISMA protocol to determine the differences in the active vs. non-active individuals (phenotypes) (n = 11), including the influence of physical activity intervention on the human gut microbiota (n = 13); the differences in the gut microbiota of athletes vs. non-athletes (n = 8); and the microbiota status at different stages of athletic performance or intervention (n = 7), with various of physical activities, sport disciplines, and activity duration. Literature searches were completed using four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO, and 2090 articles were retrieved by using appropriate keywords. The low heterogeneity of the studies hasn’t allowed us to prepare a meta-analysis. After excluding 2052 articles, we ultimately selected 38 articles that met the eligibility criteria for this review. Results The data analyses revealed that in non-athletes rising physical activity markedly influenced the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA). Aerobic training that lasted 60 min, and physical activity that characterized 60% HRmax or more also influenced beta diversity indexes. The results showed that athletes harbor a more diverse type of intestinal microflora than non-athletes, but with a relatively reduced abundance of SCFA- and lactic acid-producing bacteria, thereby suggesting an adverse effect of intense exercise on the population of gut microbiota. Conclusion It is concluded that the level of physical activity modulates the gastrointestinal microbiota in humans. For a long period, increasing the intensity and volume of exercise may lead to gut dysbiosis. Perhaps, proper supplementation should be considered to keep gut microbiota in large biodiversity and richness, especially under unfavorable gut conditions associated with intense exercise. Trial registration Prospero CRD42021264064.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Dziewiecka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland.
| | - Harpal S Buttar
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Anna Kasperska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Joanna Ostapiuk-Karolczuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Domagalska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Justyna Cichoń
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Anna Skarpańska-Stejnborn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gao S, Khan MI, Kalsoom F, Liu Z, Chen Y, Chen Z. Role of gene regulation and inter species interaction as a key factor in gut microbiota adaptation. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:342. [PMID: 35595857 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a class of microbial flora present in various eukaryotic multicellular complex animals such as human beings. Their community's growth and survival are greatly influenced by various factors such as host-pathogen, pathogen-environment and genetic regulation. Modern technologies like metagenomics have particularly extended our capacity to uncover the microbial treasures in challenging conditions like communities surviving at high altitude. Molecular characterizations by newly developed sequencing tools have shown that this complex interaction greatly influences microbial adaptation to the environment. Literature shows that gut microbiota alters the genetic expression and switches to an alternative pathway under the influence of unfavorable conditions. The remarkable adaptability of microbial genetic regulatory networks enables them to survive and expand in tough and energy-limited conditions. Variable prevalence of species in various regions has strengthened this initial evidence. In view of the interconnection of the world in the form of a global village, this phenomenon must be explored more clearly. In this regard, recently there has been significant addition of knowledge to the field of microbial adaptation. This review summarizes and shed some light on mechanisms of microbial adaptation via gene regulation and species interaction in gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Gao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 260027, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 260027, Anhui, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pathology, District Headquarters Hospital, Jhang, 35200, Punjab, Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
| | - Fadia Kalsoom
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Oliveira CB, Marques C, Abreu R, Figueiredo P, Calhau C, Brito J, Sousa M. Gut microbiota of elite female football players is not altered during an official international tournament. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32 Suppl 1:62-72. [PMID: 34779042 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate if the gut microbiota composition of elite female football players changes during an official international tournament. The study was conducted throughout ten consecutive days, encompassing seven training sessions, and three official matches. The matches were separated by 48-72 h. Seventeen elite female football players from the Portuguese women's national football team participated in the study. Fecal samples were collected at two time points: at the beginning and end of the tournament. Fecal microbiota was analyzed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Throughout the study, the duration and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded after training sessions and matches. The internal load was determined by the session RPE. The gut microbiota of players was predominantly composed of bacteria from the phyla Firmicutes (50% of relative abundance) and Bacteroidetes (20%); the genera Faecalibacterium (29%) and Collinsella (16%); the species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (30%) and Collinsella aerofaciens (17%). Overall, no significant changes were observed between time points (p ≥ 0.05). Also, no relationship was found between any exercise parameter and the gut microbiota composition (p ≥ 0.05). These findings demonstrate that the physical and physiological demands of training and matches of an official international tournament did not change the gut microbiota composition of elite female football players. Furthermore, it supports that the gut microbiota of athletes appears resilient to the physical and physiological demands of training and match play.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina B Oliveira
- Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Marques
- Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- CINTESIS, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Abreu
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Figueiredo
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Science, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal
- CIDEFES, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- CINTESIS, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - João Brito
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mónica Sousa
- Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- CINTESIS, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nutrition and Physical Activity-Induced Changes in Gut Microbiota: Possible Implications for Human Health and Athletic Performance. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123075. [PMID: 34945630 PMCID: PMC8700881 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex heterogeneous microbial community modulated by endogenous and exogenous factors. Among the external causes, nutrition as well as physical activity appear to be potential drivers of microbial diversity, both at the taxonomic and functional level, likely also influencing endocrine system, and acting as endocrine organ itself. To date, clear-cut data regarding which microbial populations are modified, and by which mechanisms are lacking. Moreover, the relationship between the microbial shifts and the metabolic practical potential of the gut microbiota is still unclear. Further research by longitudinal and well-designed studies is needed to investigate whether microbiome manipulation may be an effective tool for improving human health and, also, performance in athletes, and whether these effects may be then extended to the overall health promotion of general populations. In this review, we evaluate and summarize the current knowledge regarding the interaction and cross-talks among hormonal modifications, physical performance, and microbiota content and function.
Collapse
|
18
|
Koutouratsas T, Philippou A, Kolios G, Koutsilieris M, Gazouli M. Role of exercise in preventing and restoring gut dysbiosis in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: A review. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:5037-5046. [PMID: 34497433 PMCID: PMC8384738 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i30.5037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) include a spectrum of chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract whose pathogenesis is yet to be elucidated. The intestinal microbiome has been studied as a causal component, with certain microbiotic alterations having been observed in subtypes of IBD. Physical exercise is a modulator of the intestinal microbiome, causing shifts in its composition that are partially corrective of those observed in IBD; furthermore, physical exercise may be beneficial in patients with certain IBD subtypes. This review studies the effects of physical exercise on the human gut microbiome while investigating pathophysiologic mechanisms that could explain physical activity’s clinical effects on patients with IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tilemachos Koutouratsas
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Anastassios Philippou
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - George Kolios
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Aya V, Flórez A, Perez L, Ramírez JD. Association between physical activity and changes in intestinal microbiota composition: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247039. [PMID: 33630874 PMCID: PMC7906424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The intestinal microbiota comprises bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, helminths and viruses that symbiotically inhabit the digestive system. To date, research has provided limited data on the possible association between an active lifestyle and a healthy composition of human microbiota. This review was aimed to summarize the results of human studies comparing the microbiome of healthy individuals with different physical activity amounts. METHODS We searched Medline/Ovid, NIH/PubMed, and Academic Search Complete between August-October 2020. Inclusion criteria comprised: (a) cross-sectional studies focused on comparing gut microbiome among subjects with different physical activity levels; (b) studies describing human gut microbiome responses to any type of exercise stimulus; (c) studies containing healthy adult women and men. We excluded studies containing diet modifications, probiotic or prebiotic consumption, as well as studies focused on diabetes, hypertension, cancer, hormonal dysfunction. Methodological quality and risk of bias for each study were assessed using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies-of Interventions tool. The results from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are shown independently. RESULTS A total of 17 articles were eligible for inclusion: ten cross-sectional and seven longitudinal studies. Main outcomes vary significantly according to physical activity amounts in longitudinal studies. We identified discrete changes in diversity indexes and relative abundance of certain bacteria in active people. CONCLUSION As literature in this field is rapidly growing, it is important that studies incorporate diverse methods to evaluate other aspects related to active lifestyles such as sleep and dietary patterns. Exploration of other groups such as viruses, archaea and parasites may lead to a better understanding of gut microbiota adaptation to physical activity and sports and its potentially beneficial effects on host metabolism and endurance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Aya
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alberto Flórez
- Grupo In-Novum Educatio, Facultad de Educación, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Perez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gallè F, Valeriani F, Cattaruzza MS, Gianfranceschi G, Liguori R, Antinozzi M, Mederer B, Liguori G, Romano Spica V. Mediterranean Diet, Physical Activity and Gut Microbiome Composition: A Cross-Sectional Study among Healthy Young Italian Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072164. [PMID: 32708278 PMCID: PMC7401267 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the microbial composition of the gut and its possible association with the Mediterranean diet (MD) after adjusting for demographic and anthropometric characteristics in a sample of healthy young Italian adults. Methods. Gut microbiota, demographic information, and data on adherence to MD and physical activity (PA) habits were collected in a sample of 140 university students (48.6% males, mean age 22.5 ± 2.9) with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 22.4 ± 2.8 kg/m2 (15.2–33.8) and a mean PA level of 3006.2 ± 2973.6 metabolic equivalent (MET)-minutes/week (148–21,090). Results. A high prevalence of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes was found in all the fecal samples. Significant dissimilarities in the microbiota composition were found on the basis of MD adherence and PA levels (p = 0.001). At the genus level, Streptococcus and Dorea were highly abundant in overweight/obese individuals, Ruminococcus and Oscillospira in participants with lower adherence to MD, and Lachnobacterium in subjects with low levels of PA (p = 0.001). A significantly higher abundance of Paraprevotella was shown by individuals with lower BMI, lower MD adherence, and lower PA levels (p = 0.001). Conclusions. This study contributes to the characterization of the gut microbiome of healthy humans. The findings suggest the role of diet and PA in determining gut microbiota variability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gallè
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80133 Naples, Italy; (F.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Federica Valeriani
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (F.V.); (G.G.)
| | - Maria Sofia Cattaruzza
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Gianluca Gianfranceschi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (F.V.); (G.G.)
| | - Renato Liguori
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80143 Naples, Italy;
| | - Martina Antinozzi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Beatriz Mederer
- Department of Didactics of Language and Literatura, University of Granada, 18150 Granada, Spain;
| | - Giorgio Liguori
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80133 Naples, Italy; (F.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Vincenzo Romano Spica
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (F.V.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|