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Mrisho M, Mwangoka G, Ali AM, Mkopi A, Mahende MK, Temu S, Msuya HM, Kazyoba PE, Abdallah G, Mihayo M, Juma O, Hamad A, Jongo S, Lweno O, Tumbo A, Mswata S, Kassim KR, Kishimba R, Haruna H, Kassa H, Kapologwe N, Rashid M, Abdulla S. Pilot deployment of a community health care worker in distributing and offering the COVID-19 AgRDT in Tanzania. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11679. [PMID: 38778088 PMCID: PMC11111661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A pilot implementation of the rapid diagnostic test program was performed to collect evidence of the feasibility, acceptability, and uptake of the COVID-19 AgRDT in Tanzania. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study in the community to provide quantitative details of the pilot implementation of the antigen rapid diagnostic test (AgRDT) in Tanzania. This study was undertaken between March 2022 and September 2022. The pilot was implemented by distributing and offering test kits to people suspected of having COVID-19 in Dar es Salaam through community health workers. A total of 1039 participants consented to participate in the survey. All the participants reported having heard about the disease. The radio was the main source (93.2%) of information on COVID-19. With regard to prevention measures, approximately 930 (89.5%) of the respondents thought that COVID-19 could be prevented. Approximately 1035 (99.6%) participants reported that they were willing to have a COVID-19 AgRDT test and wait for 20 min for the results. With regard to the participants' opinions on the AgRDT device, the majority 907 (87.3%) felt comfortable with the test, and 1,029 (99.0%) were very likely to recommend the AgRDT test to their friends. The majority of participants 848 (83.1%) mentioned that they would be willing to pay for the test if it was not available for free. The results suggest overall good acceptance of the COVID-19 AgRDT test. It is evident that the use of trained community healthcare workers allows easy screening of all possible suspects and helps them receive early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwifadhi Mrisho
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Grace Mwangoka
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ali M Ali
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Abdallah Mkopi
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Muhidin K Mahende
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Silas Temu
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Hajirani M Msuya
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Paul E Kazyoba
- National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), P O Box 9653, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Gumi Abdallah
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Michael Mihayo
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Omar Juma
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ali Hamad
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Said Jongo
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Omar Lweno
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Anneth Tumbo
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sarah Mswata
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Kamaka R Kassim
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Hussein Haruna
- Ministry of Health (MoH), P. O. Box 743, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Hellen Kassa
- FIND|Campus Biotech, Chemin des Mines 9, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ntuli Kapologwe
- Department of Health, Social Welfare and Nutrition Services, President's Office Regional Administration and Local Government (PORALG), P.O Box 1923, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Mohammed Rashid
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Salim Abdulla
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Riedel SI, Trecartin S. The COVID-19 Crisis, Religiosity and Spirituality Among Seventh-Day Adventist Older Adults. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2024; 67:426-443. [PMID: 38593318 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2024.2338062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
This study highlights the lived experience of Seventh-day Adventist older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, while focusing on their religious and spiritual practices during this event. The researchers conducted 10 in-depth qualitative interviews and found participants experienced notable changes in their personal spirituality and practices. Furthermore, findings showed participants categorizing the events of the pandemic in light of their understanding of the Bible. The analysis highlights the all-encompassing influence of spirituality and religiosity upon participants' experience of the world. The findings assist social workers to consider the importance of assessing and integrating older adults' spirituality as means to enhance their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah I Riedel
- School of Social Work, Andrews University, Berrien Springs, USA
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Wells J, Abugo DG, Angong J, Lamwaka NG, Gallandat K, Hassan JL, Deng L, Save D, Braun L, Gose M, Amanya J, Ayoub K, King S, Stobaugh H, Cumming O, D'Mello‐Guyett L. Risk factors for food contamination among children discharged from community management of acute malnutrition programmes in South Sudan: A cross-sectional study and hazard analysis critical control point approach. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2024; 20:e13612. [PMID: 38143422 PMCID: PMC10981483 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Children under-5 years of age are particularly vulnerable to severe acute malnutrition (SAM), and the risk factors associated with relapse to SAM are poorly understood. Possible causes are asymptomatic or symptomatic infection with enteric pathogens, with contaminated food as a critical transmission route. This cross-sectional study comprised a household survey with samples of child food (n = 382) and structured observations of food preparation (n = 197) among children aged 6-59 months that were discharged from treatment in community management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) programmes in South Sudan. We quantified Escherichia coli and total coliforms (TCs), measured in colony forming units per g of food (CFU/g), as indicators of microbial contamination of child food. A modified hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) approach was utilised to determine critical control points (CCPs) followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis to understand the risk factors associated with contamination. Over 40% (n = 164) of samples were contaminated with E. coli (43% >0 E. coli CFU/g, 95% CI 38%-48%), and 90% (n = 343) had >10 TCs (CFU/g) (>10 TC CFU/g, 95% CI 87%-93%). Risk factors associated (p < 0.05) with child food contamination included if the child fed themselves (9.05 RR, 95% CI [3.18, 31.16]) and exposure to animals (2.63 RR, 95% CI [1.33, 5.34]). This study highlights the risk factors and potential control strategies that can support interventions that reduce food contamination exposure in young children and help further protect those that are highly vulnerable to recurrent exposure to enteric pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wells
- Department of Disease ControlLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - David Gama Abugo
- Department of Disease ControlLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
- Action Against Hunger (ACF)JubaSouth Sudan
| | | | | | - Karin Gallandat
- Department of Disease ControlLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | | | - Lino Deng
- Action Against Hunger (ACF)JubaSouth Sudan
| | | | - Laura Braun
- Department of Disease ControlLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Mesfin Gose
- Action Against Hunger (ACF)New YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | | | - Sarah King
- Action Against Hunger (ACF)New YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Heather Stobaugh
- Action Against Hunger (ACF)New YorkNew YorkUSA
- Tufts UniversityMedfordMassachusettsUSA
| | - Oliver Cumming
- Department of Disease ControlLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
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Mbamalu O, Surendran S, Nampoothiri V, Bonaconsa C, Edathadathil F, Zhu N, Carter V, Lambert H, Tarrant C, Ahmad R, Brink A, Steenkamp E, Holmes A, Singh S, Charani E, Mendelson M. A survey of patient and public perceptions and awareness of SARS-CoV-2-related risks among participants in India and South Africa. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001078. [PMID: 37428718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional survey among participants in India and South Africa to explore perceptions and awareness of SARS-CoV-2-related risks. Main outcome measures-proportion of participants aware of SARS-CoV-2, and their perception of infection risks as it related to their views and perceptions on vaccination, i.e., using COVID-19 vaccine uptake as proxy for awareness level. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data via web- and paper-based surveys over three months. Pearson's Chi-squared test assessed relationships between variables; a p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. There were 844 respondents (India: n = 660, South Africa: n = 184; response rate 87.6%), with a 61.1% vs 38.3% female to male ratio. Post-high-school or university education was the lowest qualification reported by most respondents in India (77.3%) and South Africa (79.3%). Sources of pandemic information were usually media and journal publications (73.2%), social media (64.6%), family and friends (47.7%) and government websites (46.2%). Most respondents correctly identified infection prevention measures (such as physical distancing, mask use), with 90.0% reporting improved hand hygiene practices since the pandemic. Hesitancy or refusal to accept the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was reported among 17.9% and 50.9% of respondents in India and South Africa, respectively; reasons cited included rushed vaccine development and the futility of vaccines for what respondents considered a self-limiting flu-like illness. In South Africa, vaccine acceptance was associated with improved hand hygiene practices since the pandemic and flu vaccination in the preceding year. No relationship was noted between awareness and practice of infection prevention measures (such as hand hygiene) and socio-demographic factors such as employment status or availability of amenities. Pandemic response and infection prevention and control measures through vaccination campaigns should consider robust public engagement and contextually-fit communication strategies with multimodal, participatory online and offline initiatives to address public concerns, specifically towards vaccines developed for this pandemic and general vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluchi Mbamalu
- Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Surya Surendran
- Department of Infection Control and Epidemiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Vrinda Nampoothiri
- Department of Infection Control and Epidemiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Candice Bonaconsa
- Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fabia Edathadathil
- Department of Infection Control and Epidemiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Nina Zhu
- Department of Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Carter
- Health Communication and Social Media, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Helen Lambert
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn Tarrant
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Raheelah Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Health Services Research and Management, School of Health Sciences, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Brink
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ebrahim Steenkamp
- Statistical Consulting Unit, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alison Holmes
- Department of Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjeev Singh
- Department of Infection Control and Epidemiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Esmita Charani
- Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Mendelson
- Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Methodius T, Musewa A, Mirembe BB, Birungi D, Nitumusiima S, Naigaga I, Kabasa JD, Bazeyo W. Knowledge, attitudes, and adherence relating to COVID-19 and its prevention measures in high-risk districts of Uganda in 2020. FRONTIERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 3:1068097. [PMID: 38455936 PMCID: PMC10910929 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2023.1068097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. There were no licensed vaccines or explicit medicines available for treatment at the time of conducting this study. Public health and social measures (PHSM) have been widely adopted to reduce the transmission of COVID-19. Hence, assessing people's knowledge, attitudes, and adherence/practices related to the management of COVID-19 is crucial for identifying the factors that may promote or hinder adherence to the implementation of PHSM. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Amuru, Kyotera, Wakiso, and Kampala districts of Uganda. We used a simple random sampling technique to select households and conducted face-to-face interviews in selected households. We administered questionnaires to respondents to assess the factors that promote or hinder adherence to and knowledge about PHSM implementation. We used a Likert scale to assess respondents' attitudes toward COVID-19. Results Out of the 270 respondents, 54 (20%), 73 (27%), 42 (15.6%), and 101 (37.4%) were from the Kampala, Amuru, Wakiso, and Kyotera districts, respectively. Most of the respondents had adequate knowledge (72.2%), a high level of adherence (63.7%), and approximately 57.8% had good attitudes relating to COVID-19 and its prevention measures. An inferential analysis revealed that people from the Kampala district had higher chances (odds ratio = 4.668) of having a high level of knowledge compared to people from the Amuru district. It was also found that respondents who had a high level of (adequate) knowledge were twice as likely to have good attitudes compared to those with a low level of knowledge. In addition, people with good attitudes were 2.5 times as likely to adhere to the COVID-19 prevention measures compared to those with poor attitudes. Conclusion Most respondents had limited knowledge though the majority of them had adopted practices to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Respondents with low knowledge of COVID-19 need to be targeted, to improve their attitude toward the disease and their adherence to safe prevention practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tubihemukama Methodius
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | | | | | - Irene Naigaga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Africa One Health University Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John David Kabasa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Peng Z, Yang S, Wang C, Bian X, Zhang X. Community pandemic prevention and control measures and their influence on citizen satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2023; 85:103494. [PMID: 36567742 PMCID: PMC9767881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
At the forefront of the fight against the pandemic, the community' s measures and services would have a greater impact than ever before on citizen satisfaction. However, the influence of citizen satisfaction on community pandemic prevention and control measures (CPPCM) during the pandemic is poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the allocation of CPPCM and its impact on CS. The Chinese national data was analyzed for the outcome. (1) Pandemic prevention propaganda (PPP), disinfection (DT), and body temperature tests (BTTs) were the primary measures taken by the Chinese community. (2) The CS for pandemic prevention and control is high, and urban and central Chinese communities express greater satisfaction. (3) The impact of disinfection, body temperature tests, free supplies, and assistance purchasing supplies on CS was greater in rural areas than in urban areas. (4) Regional variations exist in the impact of CS on CPPCM. (5) The number of measures has an inverted U-shaped relationship with citizen satisfaction. This study also suggests that the government should disseminate information about pandemic prevention in a timely manner, provide basic health and medical services, and evaluate the measures taken to avoid the discount effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbo Peng
- School of Public Administration and Communication, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Su Yang
- School of Public Administration and Communication, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xiaojie Bian
- School of Marxism, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- School of Government, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Wang S, Song J, Zhang H. The effectiveness of social distancing in reducing transmission during influenza epidemics: A systematic review. Public Health Nurs 2023; 40:208-217. [PMID: 36372954 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social distance practices are crucial for outpatient clinics during disease outbreaks and are an effective preventive measure for reducing influenza transmission during such pandemics in people with poor health. METHODS This study applies an evidence-based practice (EBP) approach to confirm the effectiveness of social distancing in healthy individuals during an influenza pandemic and employs the induced ordered weighted averaging model to confirm the effectiveness of EBP. The study design, validity, reliability, results, and generalizability focused on discussing three systematic reviews and two cohort studies via the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). First, by introducing the patient, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) question; second, by establishing the five steps of EBP; third, by utilizing the CASP checklist for the appraisal; and finally, by presenting a conclusion. RESULTS According to the hierarchy of evidence, preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses retrieved five articles for addressing the PICO question. All the evidence demonstrates that social distancing is valuable during influenza pandemics among non-infected individuals. Precise, timely, and robust social distancing implementation can reduce the spread of infection, delay the epidemic peak, and ease the pressure on healthcare resources. Gatekeepers are responsible for guiding individuals through the implementation process for reducing influenza transmission, particularly in densely populated areas. CONCLUSIONS Social distance is crucial for outpatient clinics during an epidemic and effectively reduces the spread of infection, delay epidemic peaks, and eases pressure on healthcare resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jinghui Song
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Chebil D, Ben Hassine D, Melki S, Nouira S, Kammoun Rebai W, Hannachi H, Merzougui L, Ben Abdelaziz A. Place of distancing measures in containing epidemics: a scoping review. Libyan J Med 2022; 17:2140473. [DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2022.2140473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dhekra Chebil
- Infection Prevention Control Department, Ibn Al Jazzar University Hospital, Kairouan, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory, LR19SP01, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Donia Ben Hassine
- Research Laboratory, LR19SP01, Sousse, Tunisia
- Information System Direction (DSI), Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Melki
- Research Laboratory, LR19SP01, Sousse, Tunisia
- Information System Direction (DSI), Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Nouira
- Research Laboratory, LR19SP01, Sousse, Tunisia
- Information System Direction (DSI), Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Kammoun Rebai
- Regional Training Center supported by WHO-TDR for East Mediterranean Region (EMR), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Hannachi
- Infection Prevention Control Department, Ibn Al Jazzar University Hospital, Kairouan, Tunisia
- Faculty of medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Latifa Merzougui
- Infection Prevention Control Department, Ibn Al Jazzar University Hospital, Kairouan, Tunisia
- Faculty of medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Ben Abdelaziz
- Research Laboratory, LR19SP01, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Information System Direction (DSI), Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
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White S, Jain A, Bangura A, Farrington M, Mekonen M, Nhial BC, Hoque E, Moniruzzaman M, Namegabe P, Walassa J, Majorin F. Facilitating hand hygiene in displacement camps during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative assessment of a novel handwashing stand and hygiene promotion package. Confl Health 2022; 16:65. [PMID: 36527055 PMCID: PMC9756724 DOI: 10.1186/s13031-022-00492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Handwashing with soap is critical for the prevention of diarrhoeal diseases and outbreak related diseases, including interrupting the transmission of COVID-19. People living in large displacement settings are particularly vulnerable to such outbreaks, however, practicing handwashing is typically challenging in these contexts. METHODS We conducted a qualitative assessment of the implementation of a combined intervention to facilitate handwashing behaviour in displacement camps and in surrounding communities in Bangladesh, Ethiopia and the Democratic Republic of Congo during the COVID-19 pandemic. The intervention comprised a 'hardware' infrastructural component (provision of the Oxfam Handwashing Station) and a 'software' hygiene promotion package (Mum's Magic Hands). We used programmatic logbooks, interviews with implementation staff and focus group discussions with crisis-affected populations to assess the use, feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. RESULTS Both components of the intervention were viewed as novel and appealing by implementing staff and crisis-affected populations across the study sites. The acceptability of the handwashing station could be improved by redesigning the tap and legs, exploring local supply chain options, and by providing a greater number of facilities. The implementation of the hygiene promotion package varied substantially by country making it challenging to evaluate and compare. A greater focus on community engagement could address misconceptions, barriers related to the intuitiveness of the handwashing station design, and willingness to participate in the hygiene promotion component. CONCLUSIONS The combination of a 'hardware' and 'software' intervention in these settings appeared to facilitate both access and use of handwashing facilities. The acceptability of the combined intervention was partially because a great deal of effort had been put into their design. However, even when delivering well-designed interventions, there are many contextual aspects that need to be considered, as well as unintended consequences which can affect the acceptability of an intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian White
- grid.8991.90000 0004 0425 469XDepartment of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | | | - Abie Bangura
- grid.437028.a0000 0004 0450 9859Oxfam, John Smith Drive, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Bang Chuol Nhial
- Department of Public Health, Gambella University, Gambella Town, Gambella, Ethiopia
| | - Enamul Hoque
- Oxfam in Bangladesh, RAOWA Complex, VIP Road, Dhaka, 1206 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Moniruzzaman
- Oxfam in Bangladesh, RAOWA Complex, VIP Road, Dhaka, 1206 Bangladesh
| | | | - John Walassa
- Oxfam in DRC, Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Fiona Majorin
- grid.8991.90000 0004 0425 469XDepartment of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
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Liang W, Duan Y, Li F, Rhodes RE, Wang X, Peiris DLIHK, Zhou L, Shang B, Yang Y, Baker JS, Jiao J, Han W. Psychosocial Determinants of Hand Hygiene, Facemask Wearing, and Physical Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Behav Med 2022; 56:1174-1187. [PMID: 36074717 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand hygiene, facemask wearing, and physical distancing play a crucial role in the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying the key psychosocial determinants of these precautionary behaviors contributes to effective intervention and policymaking for COVID-19 and future pandemics. PURPOSE This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze available evidence on psychosocial determinants of the general population's practice of three precautionary behaviors, based on the Risk, Attitudes, Norms, Abilities, and Self-regulation (RANAS) framework. METHODS Literature was identified by searching seven databases and relevant review papers. Observational and experimental studies targeting the general population (≥18 years) published between January 2020 to September 2021 were included. Pooled effect sizes were calculated with the inverse-variance method using random-effects models. RESULTS A total of 51 studies (64 samples) were included in the qualitative synthesis, of which 30 studies (42 samples) were included in the meta-analysis. RANAS-based constructs including knowledge, pros attitudes, and perceived norms were identified as significant determinants of all three behaviors in the meta-analysis. Perceived susceptibility and cons attitudes showed no significant associations with any behaviors. Perceived severity, perceived control, self-efficacy, and behavioral intention were significantly associated with one or two behaviors. Country (western vs. eastern hemispheres) significantly moderated the effects of certain risk and ability factors. CONCLUSIONS More research is needed with respect to the intention-behavior relationship, self-regulatory and reflexive factors of precautionary behaviors, as well as the exploration of the potential moderating effect of sociodemographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang
- School of Competitive Sport, Shandong Sport University, Shandong, China.,Center for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanping Duan
- Center for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Center for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, the Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Lin Zhou
- Lab of Measurement and Evaluation in Health Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, China
| | - Borui Shang
- Department of Social Sciences, Hebei Sport University, Hebei, China
| | - Yide Yang
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Hunan, China
| | - Julien S Baker
- Center for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Center for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Han
- School of Competitive Sport, Shandong Sport University, Shandong, China
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11
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Fulone I, Barreto JOM, Barberato-Filho S, Bergamaschi CDC, Lopes LC. Improving the adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures in the community: Evidence brief for policy. Front Public Health 2022; 10:894958. [PMID: 35979464 PMCID: PMC9376604 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.894958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify evidence-based strategies to improve adherence to the preventive measures against the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) at the community level. Method This is an evidence brief for policy, combining research evidence specific to contextual knowledge from stakeholders. A systematic search was performed in 18 electronic databases, gray literature, and a handle search, including only secondary and tertiary studies that focused on the adherence of the general population to COVID-19 preventive measures in the community. Two reviewers, independently, performed the study selection, data extraction, and assessment of the quality of the studies. Relevant evidence has been synthesized to draft evidence-based strategies to improve adherence. These strategies were circulated for external endorsement by stakeholders and final refinement. Endorsement rates >80%, 60-80% and <60% were considered high, moderate, and low respectively. Results Eleven studies, with varying methodological qualities were included: high (n = 3), moderate (n = 3), low (n = 1), and critically low (n = 4). Three evidence based strategies were identified: i. Risk communication; ii. Health education to the general public, and iii. Financial support and access to essential supplies and services. The rates of endorsement were: 83% for risk communication, 83% for health education, and 92% for financial support and access to essential supplies and services. The evidence showed that an increase in knowledge, transparent communication, and public awareness about the risks of COVID-19 and the benefits of adopting preventive measures results in changes in people's attitudes and behavior, which can increase adherence. In addition, the guarantee of support and assistance provides conditions for people to adopt and sustain such measures. Conclusions These strategies can guide future actions and the formulation of public policies to improve adherence to preventive measures in the community during the current COVID-19 pandemic and other epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Fulone
- Graduate Course in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luciane Cruz Lopes
- Graduate Course in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
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12
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Mwai J, Mutai J, Kaduka L, Abdi M, Ahmed I, Ndemwa P, Nyole D, Omogi J. Association between sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge and practice of COVID-19 measures among households in Mombasa and Kilifi County, Kenya. Int Health 2022; 15:318-325. [PMID: 35901267 PMCID: PMC9384618 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), is a severe acute respiratory disease. The Kenyan Ministry of Health (MoH) put in place measures that included mandatory face masking, hand and cough hygiene and social and physical distancing to reduce disease transmission and increase prevention efforts. The primary objective of this study was to determine how sociodemographic characteristics affect knowledge and practice of the above measures. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess water, sanitation and hygiene practices for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in Kilifi and Mombasa Counties, Kenya. Data collection was accomplished through a mobile data collection tool. Principal component analysis was used to create a wealth index using data on asset ownership and housing characteristics. Bloom cut-off points of 80-100%, 60-79% and ≤59% were used to determine knowledge and practice. RESULTS Of the 612 households, 339 (55.4%) were from Kilifi County and 273 (44.6%) were from Mombasa County. A total of 431 (70.4%) were female and the mean age of the household members was 38.2±14.8 y.Almost all (99.2%) respondents were aware of COVID-19, with 60% knowing prevention, symptoms and persons at a higher risk of contracting the virus. Females had the highest knowledge of COVID-19 and were likely to practice prevention and control measures, unlike males. Age was significant (p<0.05) with knowledge and practice. CONCLUSIONS The sociodemographic characteristics of populations play a key role in behavioural aspects as far as prevention and control of COVID-19 are concerned. There is a need for partnerships between the MoH and county governments to put in place a multisectoral community approach to advance feasible behavioural interventions among targeted populations towards combating the spread of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mwai
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya
| | - J Mutai
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya
| | - L Kaduka
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya
| | - M Abdi
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya
| | - I Ahmed
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya
| | - P Ndemwa
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya
| | | | - J Omogi
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
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13
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Nkamba DM, Arena PJ, Gadoth A, Hoff NA, Dzogang C, Kampilu D, Beya M, Wong HL, Anderson S, Kaba D, Rimoin AW. Adherence to face mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic among women seeking antenatal care in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: a facility-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060929. [PMID: 35803622 PMCID: PMC9271840 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe face mask use among pregnant women seeking antenatal care (ANC) in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo and to identify factors associated with masking adherence in this population. DESIGN Facility-based cross-sectional study nested within a prospective cohort study. SETTING Random sample of 10 health facilities, including 5 primary health centers and 5 secondary facilities or hospitals. PARTICIPANTS A total of 934 pregnant women aged 18 years or above with a gestational age of at least 32 weeks were consecutively surveyed from 17 August 2020 to 31 January 2021. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES We estimated the proportions of pregnant women wearing a face mask and masking correctly (ie, over the mouth and nose), and assessed their knowledge regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify factors associated with overall and correct face mask use. RESULTS Overall, 309 (33.1%) women wore a mask during the interview after their antenatal appointments, but only 33 (10.7%) wore a mask correctly. The odds of masking and correct mask use were significantly higher among women who had their ANC visit in a facility that provided COVID-19 care. Additionally, women who experienced COVID-19-like symptoms in the past 6 months had higher odds of wearing a mask correctly compared with those reporting no recent symptoms. Although 908 (97.2%) women were aware of the COVID-19 pandemic, only 611 (67.3%) thought that COVID-19 was circulating locally in Kinshasa. CONCLUSION Overall and correct face mask adherence levels were low among pregnant women attending ANC in Kinshasa. Our study highlights the need for improving adherence to correct face mask use in order to help control the spread of COVID-19 within Kinshasa alongside other control measures, like vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalau Mukadi Nkamba
- Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Patrick J Arena
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Adva Gadoth
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nicole A Hoff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Camille Dzogang
- UCLA-DRC Health Research and Training Program, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - David Kampilu
- UCLA-DRC Health Research and Training Program, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Michael Beya
- UCLA-DRC Health Research and Training Program, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Hui-Lee Wong
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven Anderson
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Didine Kaba
- Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Anne W Rimoin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
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14
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Gozdzielewska L, Kilpatrick C, Reilly J, Stewart S, Butcher J, Kalule A, Cumming O, Watson J, Price L. The effectiveness of hand hygiene interventions for preventing community transmission or acquisition of novel coronavirus or influenza infections: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1283. [PMID: 35780111 PMCID: PMC9250256 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel coronaviruses and influenza can cause infection, epidemics, and pandemics. Improving hand hygiene (HH) of the general public is recommended for preventing these infections. This systematic review examined the effectiveness of HH interventions for preventing transmission or acquisition of such infections in the community. METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL and Web of Science databases were searched (January 2002-February 2022) for empirical studies related to HH in the general public and to the acquisition or transmission of novel coronavirus infections or influenza. Studies on healthcare staff, and with outcomes of compliance or absenteeism were excluded. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment, using the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care risk of bias criteria or Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal checklists, were conducted by one reviewer, and double-checked by another. For intervention studies, effect estimates were calculated while the remaining studies were synthesised narratively. The protocol was pre-registered (PROSPERO 2020: CRD42020196525). RESULTS Twenty-two studies were included. Six were intervention studies evaluating the effectiveness of HH education and provision of products, or hand washing against influenza. Only two school-based interventions showed a significant protective effect (OR: 0.64; 95% CI 0.51, 0.80 and OR: 0.40; 95% CI 0.22, 0.71), with risk of bias being high (n = 1) and unclear (n = 1). Of the 16 non-intervention studies, 13 reported the protective effect of HH against influenza, SARS or COVID-19 (P < 0.05), but risk of bias was high (n = 7), unclear (n = 5) or low (n = 1). However, evidence in relation to when, and how frequently HH should be performed was inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of effectiveness of HH for prevention of community transmission or acquisition of respiratory viruses that have caused epidemics or pandemics, including SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses. The evidence supporting the protective effect of HH was heterogeneous and limited by methodological quality; thus, insufficient to recommend changes to current HH guidelines. Future work is required to identify in what circumstances, how frequently and what product should be used when performing HH in the community and to develop effective interventions for promoting these specific behaviours in communities during epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna Gozdzielewska
- Department of Nursing and Community Health, Research Centre for Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK.
| | | | - Jacqui Reilly
- Department of Nursing and Community Health, Research Centre for Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK
| | - Sally Stewart
- Department of Nursing and Community Health, Research Centre for Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK
| | - John Butcher
- Department of Nursing and Community Health, Research Centre for Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK
| | - Andrew Kalule
- Department of Nursing and Community Health, Research Centre for Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK
| | - Oliver Cumming
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Julie Watson
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Lesley Price
- Department of Nursing and Community Health, Research Centre for Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK
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15
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Bukata IT, Dadi LS, Ayana AM, Mengistu D, Yewal D, Gizaw TS, Woldesenbet YM. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice Toward Prevention of COVID-19 Among Jimma Town Residents: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:822116. [PMID: 35570967 PMCID: PMC9091554 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.822116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported by the World Health Organization on 31 December 2019, and later, it was declared a global pandemic on 12 March 2020. To date, it is a great challenge to the world including Ethiopia. Therefore, to attain effective prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic, improving the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the community is necessary. Objective To assess, knowledge, attitudes, and practice, and associated factors of COVID-19 among Jimma Town residents. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,500 Jimma town residents from May through June 2020. Adults aged ≥18 years were included in the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that was adopted from different literature. A face-to-face interview was implemented to collect data. Analysis was done by using SPSS version 22. p < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Result A total of 1,500 participants were enrolled in the study. The majority of the respondents were female (59.3%). About 841 (56.1%) of the participants had knowledge about COVID-19. Educational status, household wealth index, and employment showed association with knowledge of COVID-19. Government-owned television (37.3%) was the primary source of information about COVID-19 in the Jimma population. Only 46.6% of respondents had good attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic and about 638 (42.5%) of the study participants had good practice toward COVID-19. The mean practice score was 1.98 (± 0.319). Study participants who were residing in the outskirts of the town were 0.37 less likely to apply good practice regarding COVID-19 prevention measures than those around the center of the town. Whereas, households with a family size of four to five individuals were 1.4 times more likely to show good practice against COVID-19 compared to households with ≤3 individuals (AOR: 1.41; CI: 1.05, 1.91). Conclusion Jimma town community has low knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19. Knowledge, attitude, and practice scores regarding COVID-19 are significantly related to educational status, being self-employed, occupation, marital status, residence, family size, and household relative wealth index. Preventive health advisories to upraise knowledge, attitude, and practice are crucial to prevent and control COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyasu Tadesse Bukata
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Lelisa Sena Dadi
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Andualem Mossie Ayana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Demelash Mengistu
- Department of Media and Communication Studies, College of Social Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Delnesa Yewal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tariku Sime Gizaw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Lelisho ME, Pandey D, Alemu BD, Pandey BK, Tareke SA. The Negative Impact of Social Media during COVID-19 Pandemic. TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9110023 DOI: 10.1007/s43076-022-00192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic is a global pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulting from the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). Despite its numerous benefits for sharing health information, social media has raised several concerns in terms of posing panic among the general population around the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main objective of this study was to investigate the negative impact of social media during the COVID-19 outbreak. A web-based poll was used to collect data from social media users. Snowball sampling was used to acquire information from participants for 1 month, from September 1 to September 30, 2020. To examine the effect of social media on fear among participants, the study employed Cohen’s d statistic, analysis of variance, Chi-squared test, and linear regression analysis. The study results showed that more than three-fourth (73.26%) used Facebook followed by Telegram by 14.49%. Health news was the most frequently seen, read, or heard with 88.20% of the total. Moreover, 86.73% of respondents experienced panic, while only 13.27% was not. Compared to males, females were more likely to follow health news (p < 0.001). The majority of participants reported being psychologically affected, while only a few were physically affected. Females were substantially more affected mentally and reported significantly more fear than males (p < 0.001). The effect of social media panic is associated with participants’ age, and gender at a 5% level of significance. A significant positive link between social media and the diffusion of COVID-19 fear has been shown in this study. According to the result of regression analysis, social media usage has a significant effect on the spread of panic among participants at a 5% level of significance. Study revealed that social media use has a significant impact on the development of panic among people regarding the COVID-19 epidemic, with possibly detrimental psychological and mental health repercussions.This study also discovered a strong correlation between COVID-19 fear and social media. According to the findings, the impact of social media on respondents’ terror levels differs depending on their age and gender. The government should take steps to punish those who spread false information or fake news to the public.
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Dong C, Yu Z, Liu W, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Cui Z, Fan X, Zhu Y, Peng H, Gao B, Ma X. Impact of COVID-19 social distancing on medical research from the perspective of postgraduate students: a cross-sectional online survey. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13384. [PMID: 35582619 PMCID: PMC9107783 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the impact of COVID-19 social distancing on medical research from the perspective of postgraduate students. Methods A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted from October 31 to November 1, 2021. A questionnaire was used to assess the impact of COVID-19 social distancing on medical research among postgraduate students. The questionnaire included basic information, medical research information, and information about social distancing measures. Participants also completed the self-made Research Work Affected Scale of Postgraduates (RWAS-P; qualitative evaluation: very mildly 0-10; mildly 11-20; moderately 21-30; severely 31-40; very severely 41-50). Logistic regression was used to identify factors related to the impact of COVID-19 social distancing. Results A total of 468 participants were analyzed; 95.2% of the participants adhered to social distancing measures. The median total RWAS-P score was 22. The median RWAS-P scores for earlier research data, current research projects, future research plans, paper publication, and graduation schedule were 2, 6, 6, 6, and 4, respectively (score range 0-10). The higher grade of students, experimental research, and existence of inappetence or sleeplessness were related to negative attitude towards COVID-19 social distancing (odd ratio = 6.35, 9.80, 2.31, 2.15, 1.95, respectively). Conclusions Participants reported that social distancing had a moderate overall impact on their medical research. Social distancing had the greatest impact on current research projects, future research plans, and paper publications among postgraduate students. Higher grade level, experimental research type, inappetence, and sleeplessness were related to the impact of social distancing on their medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Cui
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhan Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Han Peng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Botao Gao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xianjie Ma
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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18
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Zhao H, Jatana S, Bartoszko J, Loeb M. Nonpharmaceutical interventions to prevent viral respiratory infection in community settings: an umbrella review. ERJ Open Res 2022; 8:00650-2021. [PMID: 35651370 PMCID: PMC9149389 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00650-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundRespiratory viruses pose an important public health threat to most communities. Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as masks, hand hygiene or physical distancing, among others, are believed to play an important role in reducing transmission of respiratory viruses. In this umbrella review, we summarise the evidence of the effectiveness of NPIs for the prevention of respiratory virus transmission in the community setting.ObservationsA systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane reviews resulted in a total of 24 studies consisting of 11 systematic reviews and meta-analyses, 12 systematic reviews without meta-analyses and one standalone meta-analysis. The current evidence from these data suggests that hand hygiene is protective against respiratory viral infection. The use of hand hygiene and facemasks, facemasks alone and physical distancing were interventions with inconsistent evidence. Interventions such as school closures, oral hygiene or nasal saline rinses were shown to be effective in reducing the risk of influenza; however, the evidence is sparse and mostly of low and critically low quality.ConclusionsStudies on the effectiveness of NPIs for the prevention of respiratory viral transmission in the community vary in study design, quality and reported effectiveness. Evidence for the use of hand hygiene or facemasks is the strongest; therefore, the most reasonable suggestion is to use hand hygiene and facemasks in the community setting.
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Potential factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy: A systematic review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265496. [PMID: 35320309 PMCID: PMC8942251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although vaccines are considered the most effective and fundamental therapeutic tools for consistently preventing the COVID-19 disease, worldwide vaccine hesitancy has become a widespread public health issue for successful immunization. The aim of this review was to identify an up-to-date and concise assessment of potential factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and refusal intention, and to outline the key message in order to organize these factors according to country count. METHODS A systematic search of the peer-reviewed literature articles indexed in reputable databases, mainly Pub Med (MEDLINE), Elsevier, Science Direct, and Scopus, was performed between21stJune 2021 and10th July 2021. After obtaining the results via careful screening using a PRISMA flow diagram, 47 peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria and formed the basic structure of the review. RESULTS In total, 11 potential factors were identified, of which the greatest number of articles (n = 28) reported "safety" (34.46%; 95% CI 25.05─43.87) as the overarching consideration, while "side effects" (38.73%; 95% CI 28.14─49.32) was reported by 22 articles, which was the next common factor. Other potential factors such as "effectiveness" were identified in 19 articles (29.98%; 95% CI 17.09─41.67), followed by "trust" (n = 15 studies; 27.91%; 95% CI 17.1─38.73),"information sufficiency"(n = 12; 34.46%; 95% CI 35.87─63.07),"efficacy"(n = 8; 28.73%; 95% CI 9.72─47.74), "conspiracy beliefs" (n = 8; 14.30%; 95% CI 7.97─20.63),"social influence" (n = 6; 42.11%; 95% CI 14.01─70.21), "political roles" (n = 4; 16.75%; 95% CI 5.34─28.16), "vaccine mandated" (n = 4; 51.20%; 95% CI 20.25─82.15), and "fear and anxiety" (n = 3; 8.73%; 95% CI 0.59─18.05). The findings for country-specific influential vaccination factors revealed that, "safety" was recognized mostly (n = 14) in Asian continents (32.45%; 95% CI 19.60─45.31), followed by the United States (n = 6; 33.33%; 95% CI12.68─53.98). "Side effects" was identified from studies in Asia and Europe (n = 6; 35.78%; 95% CI 16.79─54.77 and 16.93%; 95% CI 4.70─28.08, respectively), followed by Africa (n = 4; 74.60%, 95% CI 58.08─91.11); however, public response to "effectiveness" was found in the greatest (n = 7) number of studies in Asian countries (44.84%; 95% CI 25─64.68), followed by the United States (n = 6; 16.68%, 95% CI 8.47─24.89). In Europe, "trust" (n = 5) appeared as a critical predictor (24.94%; 95% CI 2.32─47.56). "Information sufficiency" was identified mostly (n = 4) in articles from the United States (51.53%; 95% CI = 14.12─88.74), followed by Asia (n = 3; 40%; 95% CI 27.01─52.99). More concerns was observed relating to "efficacy" and "conspiracy beliefs" in Asian countries (n = 3; 27.03%; 95% CI 10.35─43.71 and 18.55%; 95% CI 8.67─28.43, respectively). The impact of "social influence" on making a rapid vaccination decision was high in Europe (n = 3; 23.85%, 95% CI -18.48─66.18), followed by the United States (n = 2; 74.85%). Finally, "political roles" and "vaccine-mandated" were important concerns in the United States. CONCLUSIONS The prevailing factors responsible for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy varied globally; however, the global COVID-19 vaccine acceptance relies on several common factors related to psychological and, societal aspect, and the vaccine itself. People would connect with informative and effective messaging that clarifies the safety, side effects, and effectiveness of prospective COVID-19 vaccines, which would foster vaccine confidence and encourage people to be vaccinated willingly.
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Motallebi S, Cheung RCY, Mohit B, Shahabi S, Alishahi Tabriz A, Moattari S. Modeling COVID-19 Mortality Across 44 Countries: Face Covering May Reduce Deaths. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62:483-491. [PMID: 35305777 PMCID: PMC8580811 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite ongoing efforts to vaccinate communities against COVID-19, the necessity of face mask use in controlling the pandemic remains subject to debate. Several studies have investigated face masks and COVID-19, covering smaller and less diverse populations than this study's sample. This study examines a hypothesized association of face-covering mandates with COVID-19 mortality decline across 44 countries in 2 continents. METHODS In a retrospective cohort study, changes in COVID-19‒related daily mortality rate per million population from February 15 to May 31, 2020 were compared between 27 countries with and 17 countries without face mask mandates in nearly 1 billion (911,446,220 total) people. Longitudinal mixed effect modeling was applied and adjusted for over 10 relevant demographic, social, clinical, and time-dependent confounders. RESULTS Average COVID-19 mortality per million was 288.54 in countries without face mask policies and 48.40 in countries with face mask policies. In no mask countries, adjusted average daily increase was 0.1553 - 0.0017 X (days since the first case) log deaths per million, compared with 0.0900 - 0.0009 X (days since the first case) log deaths per million in the countries with a mandate. A total of 60 days into the pandemic, countries without face mask mandates had an average daily increase of 0.0533 deaths per million, compared with the average daily increase of 0.0360 deaths per million for countries with face mask mandates. CONCLUSIONS This study's significant results show that face mask mandates were associated with lower COVID-19 deaths rates than the rates in countries without mandates. These findings support the use of face masks to prevent excess COVID-19 deaths and should be advised during airborne disease epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Motallebi
- Department of Social Medicine and Global Health, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rex C Y Cheung
- Department of Decision Sciences, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California
| | - Babak Mohit
- Sleep Disorders Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Shahram Shahabi
- Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine & Health Sciences, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Amir Alishahi Tabriz
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Syamak Moattari
- Health Sciences Department, Worcester State University, Worcester, Massachusetts
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21
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Olateju Z, Olufunlayo T, MacArthur C, Leung C, Taylor B. Community health workers experiences and perceptions of working during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lagos, Nigeria-A qualitative study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265092. [PMID: 35259204 PMCID: PMC8903241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community Health Workers are globally recognised as crucial members of healthcare systems in low and middle-income countries, but their role and experience during COVID-19 is not well-understood. This study aimed to explore factors that influence CHWs' ability and willingness to work in the COVID-19 pandemic in Lagos. DESIGN A generic qualitative study exploring Community Health Workers experiences and perceptions of working during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lagos, Nigeria. METHODS 15 semi-structured, in-depth, video interviews were conducted with Community Health Workers purposively sampled across seven of Lagos' Local Government Areas with the highest COVID-19 burden. Interviews explored Community Health Workers' attitudes towards COVID-19, its management, and their experiences working in Lagos. Data was analysed thematically using the framework method. RESULTS Three main themes were identified. 1. Influences on ability to undertake COVID-19 Role: Trust and COVID-19 knowledge were found to aid Community Health Workers in their work. However, challenges included exhaustion due to an increased workload, public misconceptions about COVID-19, stigmatisation of COVID-19 patients, delayed access to care and lack of transportation. 2. Influences on willingness to work in COVID-19 Role: Community Health Workers' perceptions of COVID-19, attitudes towards responsibility for COVID-19 risk at work, commitment and faith appeared to increase willingness to work. 3. Suggested Improvements: Financial incentives, provision of adequate personal protective equipment, transportation, and increasing staff numbers were seen as potential strategies to address many of the challenges faced. CONCLUSION Despite Community Health Workers being committed to their role, they have faced many challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Changes to their working environment may make their role during disease outbreaks more fulfilling and sustainable. International input is required to enhance Nigeria's policies and infrastructure to better support Community Health Workers during both current and future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Olateju
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Tolulope Olufunlayo
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Christine MacArthur
- Department of Maternal Health, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Leung
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Beck Taylor
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
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22
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Tibbels NJ, Dosso A, Kra KW, Gbeke KD, Coffi G, Ngoran AR, Niamke JL, Nana M, Benié W, Hendrickson ZM, Naugle DA. "In our culture, if you quarantine someone, you stigmatize them": Qualitative insights on barriers to observing COVID-19 prevention behaviors in Côte d'Ivoire. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000489. [PMID: 36962697 PMCID: PMC10022382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
While vaccines are now authorized for use against the SARS-CoV2 virus, they remain inaccessible for much of the world and widespread hesitancy persists. Ending the COVID-19 pandemic depends on continued prevention behaviors such as mask wearing, distancing, hand hygiene, and limiting large gatherings. Research in low- and middle-income countries has focused on the prevalence of adherence and demographic determinants, but there is a need for a nuanced understanding of why people do or do not practice a given prevention behavior. The Breakthrough ACTION project led by Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs conducted a qualitative study in November 2020 in Côte d'Ivoire to explore people's experience with and perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted 24 focus group discussions and 29 in-depth interviews with members of the general population and health providers. This analysis explores barriers and facilitators to seven recommended prevention behaviors with a particular focus on response efficacy, self-efficacy, and social norms. We found these constructs to be salient for participants who generally felt that the behaviors were useful for preventing COVID-19 but were difficult to practice for a variety of reasons. The perception that COVID-19 prevention behaviors were anti-social emerged as a key theme. Behavior change interventions must reframe the recommended behaviors as pro-social, while making them very easy to practice by removing social and structural barriers such as the expense or inaccessibility of masks and hand sanitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Jean Tibbels
- Center for Communication Programs, Health, Behavior & Society Department, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Abdul Dosso
- Center for Communication Programs-Côte d'Ivoire, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Kouamé Walter Kra
- Department of Sociology, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Gervais Coffi
- Department of Sociology, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Alex Romeo Ngoran
- Department of Sociology, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Jean Louis Niamke
- Department of Sociology, Université de Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Marjorie Nana
- Center for Communication Programs, Health, Behavior & Society Department, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William Benié
- Center for Communication Programs-Côte d'Ivoire, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Zoé Mistrale Hendrickson
- Center for Communication Programs, Health, Behavior & Society Department, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Danielle Amani Naugle
- Center for Communication Programs, Health, Behavior & Society Department, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Mwai J, Nyole D, Abdi M, Ahmed I, Mutai J, Kaduka L, Ndemwa P, Omogi J. Assessment of water, sanitation and hygiene practices for prevention and control of COVID-19 in Kenya. Int Health 2021; 14:597-603. [PMID: 34865029 PMCID: PMC9623497 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Safely managed water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services are an essential part of preventing and protecting human health during infectious disease outbreaks, including the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Additionally, adherence to COVID-19 measures, including washing hands using soap and proper waste disposal, no doubt can improve containment of the virus. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Kilifi and Mombasa Counties in Kenya. A total of 612 quantitative data were collected using a mobile data collection tool Open Data Kit. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to examine factors associated with WASH practices and control of COVID-19 in Kenya. Results More than half of the respondents were from Kilifi, 431 (70.4%) were female and the mean age was 38.2±14.8 y. Households in Kilifi were most likely not to have enough water, while Mombasa households were more likely to pay for water. Sanitation coverage was 47.6%, with more than half sharing sanitation facilities. Sharing of latrines was significantly associated with county and income level. Accessing soap was worse compared with the month prior to the survey, only 3.9% had their garbage collected by formal service providers and only 17% reported wearing any protective gear while handling waste at home. Conclusions Water is disproportionately available in the two counties, with low sanitation coverage. There is low knowledge on hand washing and inadequate waste disposal services.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mwai
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya
| | | | - M Abdi
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya
| | - I Ahmed
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya
| | - J Mutai
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya
| | - L Kaduka
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya
| | - P Ndemwa
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya
| | - J Omogi
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
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Bukuluki PM, Kisaakye P. The Decision to Wear a Face Mask as a Protective Behavioral Measure Against COVID-19: Survey Results From Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area, Uganda. Front Public Health 2021; 9:675734. [PMID: 34746072 PMCID: PMC8566546 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.675734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of face masks is one of the behavioral measures used to prevent COVID-19 infection. Despite the positive contribution of face masks, there is uncertainty surrounding face mask wearing in low-income countries. Using data from 1,054 respondents in Greater Kampala Metropolitan area, we investigate the variation in face mask wearing inside and outside public spaces. Results indicate that more than three quarters of the respondents wore a face mask always outside public spaces and slightly more than half wore a face mask sometimes inside public spaces. Irrespective of location (inside or outside public spaces), respondents were more likely to wear facemasks sometimes or always to prevent COVID-19 infection. There is need to raise awareness about face mask wearing and its efficacy to prevent COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Bukuluki
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Peter Kisaakye
- Department of Population Studies, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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25
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Quach HL, Nguyen KC, Hoang NA, Pham TQ, Tran DN, Le MTQ, Do HT, Vien CC, Phan LT, Ngu ND, Tran TA, Phung DC, Tran QD, Dang TQ, Dang DA, Vogt F. Association of public health interventions and COVID-19 incidence in Vietnam, January to December 2020. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 110 Suppl 1:S28-S43. [PMID: 34332082 PMCID: PMC8318669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vietnam implemented various public health interventions such as contact tracing and testing, mandatory quarantine, and lockdowns in response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the effects of these measures on the epidemic remain unclear. METHODS This article describes the public health interventions in relation to COVID-19 incidence. Maximum likelihood estimations were used to assess containment delays (time between symptom onset and start of isolation) and multivariable regression was employed to identify associated factors between interventions and COVID-19 incidence. The effective reproductive numbers (Rt) were calculated based on transmission pairs. RESULTS Interventions were introduced periodically in response to the epidemic. Overall, 817 (55.4%) among 1474 COVID-19 cases were imported. Based on a serial interval of 8.72 ± 5.65 days, it was estimated that Rt decreased to below 1 (lowest at 0.02, 95% CI 0-0.12) during periods of strict border control and contact tracing, and increased ahead of new clusters. The main method to detect cases shifted over time from passive notification to active case-finding at immigration or in lockdown areas, with containment delays showing significant differences between modes of case detection. CONCLUSIONS A combination of early, strict, and consistently implemented interventions is crucial to control COVID-19. Low-middle income countries with limited capacity can contain COVID-19 successfully using non-pharmaceutical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Linh Quach
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Khanh Cong Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Ngoc-Anh Hoang
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Thai Quang Pham
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duong Nhu Tran
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Hung Thai Do
- Nha Trang Pasteur Institute, Nha Trang City, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Chien Chinh Vien
- Tay Nguyen Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Dak Lak, Vietnam
| | - Lan Trong Phan
- Ho Chi Minh Pasteur Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nghia Duy Ngu
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tu Anh Tran
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Cong Phung
- National Agency for Science and Technology Information, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quang Dai Tran
- General Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tan Quang Dang
- General Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duc-Anh Dang
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Florian Vogt
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Okaiyeto K, Falade AO, Oguntibeju OO. Traditional Uses, Nutritional and Pharmacological Potentials of Clerodendrum volubile. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091893. [PMID: 34579425 PMCID: PMC8472598 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Clerodendrum volubile is an underutilized leafy vegetable consumed in some parts of Nigeria. The interest in C. volubile has continued to increase due to its multipurpose values, including traditional uses, nutritional properties, and some therapeutic potentials; however, the pharmacological prospects of the plant are yet to be fully explored. Therefore, in the present review, different databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, etc. were explored to retrieve publications used to write this review. The pharmacological potentials of C. volubile, such as anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and anti-hypertensive properties, were highlighted. The toxicological potential of the plant is also discussed. Proposed mechanisms that underline its biological activities include modulation of redox homeostasis, leading to decreased oxidative stress; down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression; inhibition of key enzymes implicated in diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and neurological diseases; and inhibition of oxidative burst and inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the prospect of endophytes from C. volubile as a bioresource to produce novel therapeutic agents, as well as the development of nanotherapeutics from the plant extracts and its phytoconstituents, are discussed. In conclusion, C. volubile possesses an enormous number of possible pharmacological properties and therapeutic potentials waiting to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunle Okaiyeto
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Ayodeji Osmund Falade
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo 351101, Ondo State, Nigeria;
| | - Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
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Jiang N, Tansukawat ND, Gonzalez-Macia L, Ates HC, Dincer C, Güder F, Tasoglu S, Yetisen AK. Low-Cost Optical Assays for Point-of-Care Diagnosis in Resource-Limited Settings. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2108-2124. [PMID: 34076428 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Readily deployable, low-cost point-of-care medical devices such as lateral flow assays (LFAs), microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), and microfluidic thread-based analytical devices (μTADs) are urgently needed in resource-poor settings. Governed by the ASSURED criteria (affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free, and deliverability) set by the World Health Organization, these reliable platforms can screen a myriad of chemical and biological analytes including viruses, bacteria, proteins, electrolytes, and narcotics. The Ebola epidemic in 2014 and the ongoing pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 have exemplified the ever-increasing importance of timely diagnostics to limit the spread of diseases. This review provides a comprehensive survey of LFAs, μPADs, and μTADs that can be deployed in resource-limited settings. The subsequent commercialization of these technologies will benefit the public health, especially in areas where access to healthcare is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Natha Dean Tansukawat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Gonzalez-Macia
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - H. Ceren Ates
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Laboratory for Sensors, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Can Dincer
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Laboratory for Sensors, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Firat Güder
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Ali K. Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Khorram-Manesh A, Dulebenets MA, Goniewicz K. Implementing Public Health Strategies-The Need for Educational Initiatives: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5888. [PMID: 34070882 PMCID: PMC8198884 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of a specific treatment or vaccines, public health strategies are the main measures to use in the initial stages of a pandemic to allow surveillance of infectious diseases. During the ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), several countries initiated various public health strategies, such as contact tracing and quarantine. The present study aims to conduct a systematic literature review to identify the presence of educational initiatives that promote the implementation of public health strategies before public health emergencies, with a special focus on contact tracing applications. Using Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Gothenburg University search engines, all published scientific articles were included, while conference, reports, and non-scientific papers were excluded. The outcomes of the reviewed studies indicate that the effective implementation of public health strategies depends on the peoples' willingness to participate and collaborate with local authorities. Several factors may influence such willingness, of which ethical, psychological, and practical factors seem to be the most important and frequently discussed. Moreover, individual willingness and readiness of a community may also vary based on the acquired level of knowledge about the incident and its cause and available management options. Educational initiatives, proper communication, and timely information at the community level were found to be the necessary steps to counteract misinformation and to promote a successful implementation of public health strategies and attenuate the effects of a pandemic. The systematic review conducted as a part of this study would benefit the relevant stakeholders and policy makers and assist with effective designing and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Khorram-Manesh
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Development and Research, Armed Forces Center for Defense Medicine, Gothenburg, 426 76 Västra Frölunda, Sweden
| | - Maxim A. Dulebenets
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University (FAMU-FSU), 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Building A, Suite A124, Tallahassee, FL 32310-6046, USA;
| | - Krzysztof Goniewicz
- Department of Aviation Security, Military University of Aviation, 08521 Deblin, Poland;
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Issac A, Vijay VR, Krishnan N, Jacob J, Stephen S, Radhakrishnan RV, Dhandapani M. How the nations should gear up for future pandemics? J Glob Health 2021; 11:03075. [PMID: 34055325 PMCID: PMC8141330 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.11.03075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alwin Issac
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - VR Vijay
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Nadiya Krishnan
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jaison Jacob
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Shine Stephen
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Manju Dhandapani
- National Institute of Nursing Education, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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