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Chowdhury D, Bansal N, Ansong A, Baker Smith C, Bauser‐Heaton H, Choueiter N, Co‐Vu J, Elliott P, Fuller S, Jain SS, Jone P, Johnson JN, Karamlou T, Kipps AK, Laraja K, Lopez KN, Rasheed M, Ronai C, Sachdeva R, Saidi A, Snyder C, Sutton N, Stiver C, Taggart NW, Shaffer K, Williams R. Mind the Gap! Working Toward Gender Equity in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease: Present and Future. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032837. [PMID: 38639355 PMCID: PMC11179897 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Evidence from medicine and other fields has shown that gender diversity results in better decision making and outcomes. The incoming workforce of congenital heart specialists (especially in pediatric cardiology) appears to be more gender balanced, but past studies have shown many inequities. Gender-associated differences in leadership positions, opportunities presented for academic advancement, and recognition for academic contributions to the field persist. In addition, compensation packages remain disparate if evaluated based on gender with equivalent experience and expertise. This review explores these inequities and has suggested individual and institutional changes that could be made to recruit and retain women, monitor the climate of the institution, and identify and eliminate bias in areas like salary and promotions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neha Bansal
- Division of Pediatric CardiologyMount Sinai Kravis Children’s HospitalNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Annette Ansong
- Division of Pediatric CardiologyChildren’s National HospitalWashingtonDCUSA
| | | | - Holly Bauser‐Heaton
- Division of Pediatric CardiologyChildren’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Nadine Choueiter
- Division of Pediatric CardiologyMount Sinai Kravis Children’s HospitalNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Jennifer Co‐Vu
- University of Florida Congenital Heart CenterGainesvilleFLUSA
| | | | - Stephanie Fuller
- Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Supriya S. Jain
- New York Medical College‐Maria Fareri Children’s Hospital at Westchester Medical CenterValhallaNYUSA
| | - Pei‐Ni Jone
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology)Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Jonathan N. Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric CardiologyMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Tara Karamlou
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryCleveland Clinic Children’sClevelandOHUSA
| | - Alaina K. Kipps
- Division of Pediatric CardiologyStanford School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Kristin Laraja
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | - Keila N. Lopez
- Department of Pediatric CardiologyBaylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
| | - Muneera Rasheed
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Christina Ronai
- Department of Cardiology,Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Ritu Sachdeva
- Division of Pediatric CardiologyChildren’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGAUSA
| | | | - Chris Snyder
- Division of Pediatric CardiologyUH Cleveland Medical CenterClevelandOHUSA
| | - Nicole Sutton
- Children’s Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
| | - Corey Stiver
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s HospitalColumbusOHUSA
| | - Nathaniel W. Taggart
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric CardiologyMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Kenneth Shaffer
- Dell Children’s Medical CenterUniversity of Texas at Austin Dell Medical SchoolAustinTXUSA
| | - Roberta Williams
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Keck School of Medicine of USCChildren’s Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
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Graham V, Bray G, Lyon K. Gender diversity in urology scientific meetings: an analysis of the last nine years. ANZ J Surg 2023; 93:2357-2362. [PMID: 37186496 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of gender diversity is well recognized. Despite promising change in addressing gender disparity, there remains a significant gap in women's representation in urology. Worldwide, a lack of diversity has been observed at scientific meetings. This study analyses the trend in women's representation at the Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand Annual Scientific Meeting (USANZ ASM) over the last nine years. METHOD We retrospectively collected data from eight conference programs between 2014 and 2022, evaluating the trend in the proportion of women represented in various sections. A difference of proportions test was performed to determine whether a significant change was seen from year to year. RESULTS A significant increase in women's representation was observed, the most significant increase was evident in the last three years, chairpersons increased from 5.9% to 44.1% (P = 0.003), international speakers from 11.7% to 39.1% (P ≤ 0.001), expert speakers from 19.1% to 42.0% (P = 0.002), and total speakers from 19.5% to 34.7% (P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION Our study shows that a significant increase in the representation of women at the USANZ ASM has been achieved over the last three years. Unfortunately, this increase in representation has not been mirrored in the number of women trainees and training applicants. Additionally, this increase in representation well exceeds the proportion of women who are USANZ members, and is unevenly distributed across topics. A positive change has been observed, the challenge remains in dealing with unconscious bias and balancing the fine line between inclusivity and tokenism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaite Graham
- Department of Surgery, Urology Division, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gerard Bray
- Department of Surgery, Urology Division, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate Lyon
- Southport State High, Queensland Department of Education and Training, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Aspinall SL, Nim CG, Harsted S, Miller A, Øverås CK, Roseen EJ, Young JJ, Søgaard K, Kawchuk G, Hartvigsen J. Presenters at chiropractic research conferences 2010-2019: is there a gender equity problem? Chiropr Man Therap 2023; 31:28. [PMID: 37563699 PMCID: PMC10416520 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-023-00498-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presenting at professional and scientific conferences can be an important part of an individual's career advancement, especially for researchers communicating scientific findings, and can signal expertise and leadership. Generally, women presenting at conferences are underrepresented in various science disciplines. We aimed to evaluate the gender of presenters at research-oriented chiropractic conferences from 2010 to 2019. METHODS We investigated the gender of presenters at conferences hosted by chiropractic organisations from 2010 to 2019 that utilised an abstract submission process. Gender classification was performed by two independent reviewers. The gender distribution of presenters over the ten-year period was analysed with linear regression. The association of conference factors with the gender distribution of presenters was also assessed with linear regression, including the gender of organising committees and abstract peer reviewers, and the geographic region where the conference was hosted. RESULTS From 39 conferences, we identified 4,340 unique presentations. Women gave 1,528 (35%) of the presentations. No presenters were classified as gender diverse. Overall, the proportion of women presenters was 30% in 2010 and 42% in 2019, with linear regression demonstrating a 1% increase in women presenting per year (95% CI = 0.4-1.6%). Invited/keynote speakers had the lowest proportion of women (21%) and the most stagnant trajectory over time. The gender of conference organisers and abstract peer reviewers were not significantly associated with the gender of presenters. Oceanic conferences had a lower proportion of women presenting compared to North America (27% vs. 36%). CONCLUSIONS Overall, women gave approximately one-third of presentations at the included conferences, which gradually increased from 2010 to 2019. However, the disparity widens for the most prestigious class of keynote/invited presenters. We make several recommendations to support the goal of gender equity, including monitoring and reporting on gender diversity at future conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Casper Glissmann Nim
- Medical Research Unit, Spine Centre of Southern Denmark, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Middelfart, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Steen Harsted
- Medical Research Unit, Spine Centre of Southern Denmark, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Middelfart, Denmark
- Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Amy Miller
- School of Chiropractic, AECC University College, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Cecilie K Øverås
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eric J Roseen
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedision School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James J Young
- Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Karen Søgaard
- Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Greg Kawchuk
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jan Hartvigsen
- Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Chiropractic Knowledge Hub, Odense, Denmark
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Monson E, Ng K, Sibbick H, Berbiche D, Morvannou A. Gender disparity in prestigious speaking roles: A study of 10 years of international conference programming in the field of gambling studies. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286803. [PMID: 37347772 PMCID: PMC10286988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the distribution of prestigious speaking roles by gender at gambling studies conferences to better understand the state of gender representation within the field. Keyword searches were conducted in the fall of 2019. A total of 16 conferences that occurred between 2010-2019 and comprising 882 prestigious speaking opportunities were included. Quantitative analysis (i.e., t-tests, chi-squared posthoc tests) was undertaken to evaluate the representation of women speakers and if proportions were the same across genders for speakers. There were significantly less women than men within prestigious speaking roles at gambling studies conferences with only 30.2% of speakers being women (p < .001). This underrepresentation of women was consistent across conference location, speaker continent, speaker role, time, and across the majority of conferences. Women held prestigious speaking roles less frequently than men (M = 1.48 vs. 1.76; p < .001). A 9 to 1 (p < .001) ratio of men to women was found among top 10 most frequent prestigious speakers. While there was a higher proportion of women than men among student speakers and there was no significant gender disparity among early career researchers, there was a significantly lower proportion of women than men among speakers who hold more senior academic positions. There is an issue of gender disparity in prestigious speaking roles at conferences within the gambling studies field. This study highlights the need to counteract gender disparities and make room for diversity within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Monson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
| | - Kimberly Ng
- Independent Researcher, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hannah Sibbick
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
| | - Djamal Berbiche
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Département des Sciences de la Santé Communautaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Adèle Morvannou
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
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Sandhu NK, Peixoto M, Figliolo M, Gupta L. Gender Equity in Academic Medicine. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e154. [PMID: 37218353 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nimrat Kaur Sandhu
- Department of Public Health, the University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | | | - Mike Figliolo
- Independent Researcher, Victoria, London, United Kingdom
| | - Latika Gupta
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Wolverhampton Hospital NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
- City Hospital, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Traboco LS, Zamora-Abrahan G, Reyes SM, Ovseiko PV, Sandhu NK, Gupta L. Gender parity perspectives in Asia Pacific: a descriptive analysis of Philippine rheumatology conferences. Rheumatol Int 2023; 43:1135-1141. [PMID: 36912939 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Gender parity at conferences can facilitate progress in academia towards the attainment of gender equality as emphasized in the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. The Philippines is a low to middle-income country in the Asia Pacific with relatively egalitarian gender norms experiencing significant growth in rheumatology. We examined the Philippines as a case study to analyze the impact of divergent gender norms on gender equity in rheumatology conference participation. We used publicly available data from PRA conference materials from 2009 to 2021. Gender was identified from information provided by organizers, online science directory networks, and a name-to-gender inference platform, the Gender application program interface (API). International speakers were identified separately. The results were then compared to other rheumatology conferences around the world. The PRA had 47% female faculty. Women were more likely to be the first authors in abstracts at the PRA (68%). There were more females among new inductees in PRA with the male: female ratio (M:F) of 1:3. The gender gap among new members declined from 5:1 to 2.7:1 from 2010 to 2015. However, low female representation was observed among international faculty (16%). Gender parity at the PRA was found to be considerably better when compared to other rheumatology conferences in the USA, Mexico, India, and Europe. However, a wide gender gap persisted among international speakers. Cultural and social constructs may potentially contribute to gender equity in academic conferences. Further research is recommended to assess the impact of gender norms on gender parity in academia in other Asia-Pacific countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Traboco
- St Luke's Medical Center-Bonifacio Global City, Taguig, Philippines.
| | | | | | - Pavel V Ovseiko
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Latika Gupta
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, City Hospital, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Barani-Najafabadi B, Selewski DT, Soranno DE, Weidemann DK. Trends in the representation of women in the American Society of Pediatric Nephrology program at the Pediatric Academic Society annual meetings 2012-2021. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1185329. [PMID: 37181423 PMCID: PMC10172499 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1185329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Women are under-represented in virtually all fields of academic medicine. Even in pediatrics, a field that historically attracts a workforce with a majority of women physicians, substantial gender disparities persist in leadership positions. However, previous studies of gender representation in various academic settings are limited to small studies or aggregate pediatric subspecialties, thereby omitting important granularity within each subspecialty. No prior studies have investigated potential gender disparities in pediatric nephrology. The aim of this study is to determine the representation of women physicians in leadership and speaking roles in the annual American Society of Pediatric Nephrology (ASPN) meeting. Methods Data were analyzed from the 2012-2022 ASPN annual scientific meetings at the Pediatric Academic Society (PAS). Data were abstracted regarding gender and roles: speaker, chair/moderator, and lifetime achievement awardee. We performed a time series analysis using linear regression, with the year as the independent variable and the proportion of women as the dependent variable. Results Overall, there were statistically significant increases in the proportion of women speakers per year and percentage of women chairs or moderators. There were no specific trends noted for lifetime achievement awards and no statistically significant changes in the number of lifetime achievement awards. Discussion We found proportionate representations of gender representation with regards to speakers and chairs or moderators, although our data was limited by comparison to the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) workforce cumulative "ever certified" data. The ABP data include a disproportionate representation of faculty who are men from earlier certification periods who may no longer be actively practicing pediatric nephrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Barani-Najafabadi
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Department of Graduate Medical Education, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Correspondence: Bahar Barani-Najafabadi
| | - David T. Selewski
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Danielle E. Soranno
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Darcy K. Weidemann
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri—Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, United States
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Ing EB, Xu QA, He B, Tanya SM, Tucker NA. Gender and editorship in oculoplastics societal publications. Orbit 2022; 41:581-584. [PMID: 34493156 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2021.1975771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The editorship of medical journals is a leadership role that can affect recognition and career advancement. We determine the gender representation of the editorial boards of oculoplastic surgery journals in comparison to the proportion of women in oculoplastics societies. METHODS The gender composition of the American, European and Asia-Pacific societies of oculoplastic and reconstructive surgery and the editorial boards of their respective society journals were determined with online searches in March 2021. Statistical tests for the equality of proportions were performed. RESULTS Excluding 44 individuals with missing gender data, the three combined oculoplastics societies comprised 1,230 distinct members, with 29% women. The editorial review boards of the three official society publications comprised 59 medical editors, 22% of which were women. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of women editors versus women OPRS members (p = .201) but the study is underpowered to detect a 7% difference. A sensitivity analysis with the missing data did not alter the conclusions. The mean h-index/m-quotient of the women editors was 20.50/0.87 and for the men 21.05/0.84, with no statistically significant difference (p = .903/0.851). CONCLUSION Women are underrepresented on the editorial boards of oculoplastic journals. Possible methods to improve gender balance include multicriteria objective decision-making criteria for editor nominations, mentoring peer reviewers that are women, and appointing a journal editor for equity, diversity and inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edsel B Ing
- Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Bonnie He
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stuti M Tanya
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. Johns, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Nancy A Tucker
- Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Laake JH, Astvad M, Bentsen G, Escher C, Haney M, Hoffmann‐Petersen J, Hyllested M, Junttila E, Møller MH, Nellgård P, Nyberg A, Olkkola K, Pedersen SKA, Pischke SE, Reinikainen M, Strand K, Thorarensen G, Thormar K, Tønnessen TI. A policy for diversity, equity, inclusion and anti-racism in the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (SSAI). Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2022; 66:141-144. [PMID: 34462910 DOI: 10.1111/aas.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon H. Laake
- Division of Critical Care and Emergencies Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Mads Astvad
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark
| | - Gunnar Bentsen
- Division of Critical Care and Emergencies Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Cecilia Escher
- Anestesia and Intensive Care Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Michael Haney
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Umeå University and the University Hospital of Umeå, Umeå Universitet Medicinska fakulteten Umeå Sweden
| | | | - Mette Hyllested
- Department of Anaesthesiology Holbæk Hospital Holbæk Denmark
| | - Eija Junttila
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland
| | - Morten H. Møller
- Department of Intensive Care Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Per Nellgård
- Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Annette Nyberg
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Alingsås Hospital Alingsås Sweden
| | - Klaus Olkkola
- Department of Anaesthesiology Intensive Care University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central HospitalEmergency Care and Pain Medicine Helsinki Finland
| | - Steffen K. A. Pedersen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark
| | - Søren E. Pischke
- Division of Critical Care and Emergencies Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Matti Reinikainen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland
| | - Kristian Strand
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Helse Stavanger HF Stavanger Norway
| | - Gunnar Thorarensen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Landspitali University Hospital Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Katrin Thormar
- Department of Anaesthesiology Landspitali University Hospital Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Tor I. Tønnessen
- Department of Anesthesiology Oslo University Hospital—Rikshospitalet, and University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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Hernández-Ruiz RE, Rosel-Gallardo EM, Cifuentes-Jiménez C, González-López S, Bolaños-Carmona MV. Gender and Leadership Positions in Spanish Dentistry. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580221109970. [PMID: 35912432 PMCID: PMC9340893 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221109970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dentists in Spain reached equal gender representation in 2012 and the number of female dentists has continued to grow (until 57.3% in 2020). This study aims to increase evidence about the gender distribution on the high responsibility positions and opinion leaders of the dental profession and academia. Composition of the executive comities of the main dental institutions of Spain (regional professional associations, national dental association, and scientific societies), members of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Granada in 2020 and speakers of the main dental congresses of 2019 (due to the lack of congress in 2020) were recorded and analyzed by genders using chi-squared test (P < .05). Mean representation of female dentists in executive committees of professional associations was 35.6%. More than 70% of presidents and vice-presidents of professional colleges and more than 60% of these positions in scientific societies were occupied by male dentists. None of dental congresses of 2019 reached equal gender participation, being 81.3% of lecturers presenting on main auditoriums male dentists. Although dental workforce in Spain is slightly overrepresented by females, leadership positions and figures among Spanish dentists doesn’t seem to reflect the gender distribution of the collective. There is a lack of women occupying high-level positions in dentistry that proves the existence of the so-called “glass ceiling effect” on the profession. Further studies about sociodemographic aspects of dental workforce are needed to develop evidence-based policies for the collective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío E. Hernández-Ruiz
- School of Dentistry of the University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Maximo s/n, Granada, Spain
| | - Eva M. Rosel-Gallardo
- School of Dentistry of the University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Maximo s/n, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Santiago González-López
- School of Dentistry of the University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Maximo s/n, Granada, Spain
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Spencer S, Burrows C, Lacher SE, Macheledt KC, Berge JM, Ghebre RG. Framework for advancing equity in academic medicine and science: Perspectives from early career female faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prev Med Rep 2021; 24:101576. [PMID: 34692377 PMCID: PMC8523035 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-career female faculty, both physician scientists and basic researchers, have disproportionately experienced negative professional, financial, and personal consequences associated with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This career phase represents a critical time for establishing a network of mentors and collaborators, demonstrating professional independence, and balancing new teaching, research, and service duties while simultaneously navigating personal and familial responsibilities. Persistent gender inequality perpetuated by adherence to traditional gender roles place early-career women faculty at a further disadvantage. Women in academic medicine and research do not attain promotion, leadership positions, and other established markers of success at the same rate as their male counterparts. This disparity was the impetus for the creation of a Recruitment and Retention action group within the Center for Women in Medicine and Science (CWIMS) at the University of Minnesota Medical School (UMN). This perspective piece is written from the viewpoint of a group of female-identifying early-career faculty participating in a career development program for early-stage and newly appointed faculty at UMN, sponsored by the Recruitment and Retention CWIMS action group and our Office of Faculty Affairs. We describe areas of stress exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic: work, financial, and work-life well-being, and propose an adapted diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) model to guide the response to future challenges within a faculty competency framework. We offer recommendations based on the DEI-competency framework, including opportunities for lasting positive change that can emerge from this challenging moment of our collective history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sade Spencer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 3-212 McGuire Translational Research Facility, 2001 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Catherine Burrows
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 3-212 McGuire Translational Research Facility, 2001 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Sarah E. Lacher
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 3-212 McGuire Translational Research Facility, 2001 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Kait C. Macheledt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 3-212 McGuire Translational Research Facility, 2001 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Jerica M. Berge
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 3-212 McGuire Translational Research Facility, 2001 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Rahel G. Ghebre
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 3-212 McGuire Translational Research Facility, 2001 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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Cerón-Souza I, Galeano CH, Tehelen K, Jiménez HR, González C. Opportunities and Challenges to Improve a Public Research Program in Plant Breeding and Enhance Underutilized Plant Genetic Resources in the Tropics. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101584. [PMID: 34680981 PMCID: PMC8535561 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The American tropics are hotspots of wild and domesticated plant biodiversity, which is still underutilized by breeding programs despite being conserved at regional gene banks. The improvement of those programs depends on long-term public funds and the maintenance of specialized staff. Unfortunately, financial ups and downs complicate staff connectivity and their research impact. Between 2000 and 2010, Agrosavia (Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria) dramatically decreased its public financial support. In 2017, we surveyed all 52 researchers from Agrosavia involved in plant breeding and plant genetic resource programs to examine the effect of decimating funds in the last ten years. We hypothesized that the staff dedicated to plant breeding still suffer a strong fragmentation and low connectivity. As we expected, the social network among researchers is weak. The top ten central leaders are predominantly males with an M.Sc. degree but have significant experience in the area. The staff has experience in 31 tropical crops, and 17 are on the list of underutilized species. Moreover, although 26 of these crops are in the national germplasm bank, this has not been the primary source for their breeding programs. We proposed five principles to improve connectivity among teams and research impact: (1) The promotion of internal discussion about gender gaps and generation shifts to design indicators to monitor and decrease this disparity over time. (2) The construction of long-term initiatives and synergies with the Colombian government to support the local production of food security crops independent of market trends. (3) Better collaboration between the National Plant Germplasm Bank and plant breeding researchers. (4) A concerted priority list of species (especially those neglected or underutilized) and external institutions to better focus the collaborative efforts in research using public funds. (5) Better spaces for the design of projects among researchers and training programs in new technologies. These principles could also apply in other tropical countries with public plant breeding research programs facing similar challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivania Cerón-Souza
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria—Agrosavia, C.I. Tibaitatá, Mosquera 250047, Colombia; (H.R.J.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-144-227-300 (ext. 1457)
| | - Carlos H. Galeano
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria—Agrosavia, C.I. Palmira, Palmira 763533, Colombia;
| | | | - Hugo R. Jiménez
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria—Agrosavia, C.I. Tibaitatá, Mosquera 250047, Colombia; (H.R.J.); (C.G.)
| | - Carolina González
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria—Agrosavia, C.I. Tibaitatá, Mosquera 250047, Colombia; (H.R.J.); (C.G.)
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Erthal FS, Bastos AF, Vaccariello C, Madeira ATS, Santos TS, Stariolo JB, Oliveira L, Pereira MG, Calaza KC, Hedin-Pereira C, Volchan E. Towards diversity in science - a glance at gender disparity in the Brazilian Society of Neuroscience and Behavior (SBNeC). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e11026. [PMID: 34287580 PMCID: PMC8289346 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2020e11026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gender equity is far from being achieved in most academic institutions worldwide. Women representation in scientific leadership faces multiple obstacles. Implicit bias and stereotype threat are considered important driving forces concerning gender disparities. Negative cultural stereotypes of weak scientific performance, unrelated to true capacity, are implicitly associated with women and other social groups, influencing, without awareness, attitudes and judgments towards them. Meetings of scientific societies are the forum in which members from all stages of scientific careers are brought together. Visibility in the scientific community stems partly from presenting research as a speaker. Here, we investigated gender disparities in the Brazilian Society of Neuroscience and Behavior (SBNeC). Across the 15 mandates (1978-2020), women occupied 30% of the directory board posts, and only twice was a woman president. We evaluated six meetings held between 2010 and 2019. During this period, the membership of women outnumbered that of men in all categories. A total of 57.50% of faculty members, representing the potential pool of speakers and chairs, were female. Compared to this expected value, female speakers across the six meetings were scarce in full conferences (χ2(5)=173.54, P<0.001) and low in symposia (χ2(5)=36.92, P<0.001). Additionally, women chaired fewer symposia (χ2(5)=47.83, P<0.001). Furthermore, men-chaired symposia had significantly fewer women speakers than women-chaired symposia (χ2(1)=56.44, P<0.001). The gender disparities observed here are similar to those in other scientific societies worldwide, urging them to lead actions to pursue gender balance and diversity. Diversity leads not only to fairness but also to higher-quality science.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Erthal
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - A F Bastos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - C Vaccariello
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - A T S Madeira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - T S Santos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - J B Stariolo
- Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - L Oliveira
- Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - M G Pereira
- Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - K C Calaza
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - C Hedin-Pereira
- Vice-Presidência de Pesquisa e Coleções Biológicas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - E Volchan
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Billmyre KK, Bravo Núñez MA, Bishop DK, Cole F. Meiosis in Quarantine discussions lead to an action plan to increase diversity and inclusion within the genetics community. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009648. [PMID: 34264967 PMCID: PMC8282017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine K. Billmyre
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - María Angélica Bravo Núñez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Douglas K. Bishop
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology; Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Francesca Cole
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas, United States of America
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Ravindran V, Mohansundaram K, Sowndhariya V. Comments on: Does gender gap exist in Indian rheumatology? analysis of faculty gender representation at its annual conferences-authors reply. INDIAN JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/injr.injr_174_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ravindran V, Mohansundaram K, Sowndhariya V. Does gender gap exist in Indian rheumatology? Analysis of faculty gender representation at its annual conferences. INDIAN JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/injr.injr_33_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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