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Munyeku-Bazitama Y, Okitale-Talunda P, Nsio-Mbeta J, Mpingabo-Ilunga P, Tshiminyi-Munkamba P, Umba-Phuati A, Kimfuta J, Ango-Phukuta F, Makindu G, Mufwaya-Nsene R, Asari R, Makimoto S, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Isono M, Makiala-Mandanda S, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ. Knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perception of COVID-19 preventive measures among adult residents of Matadi (Democratic Republic of the Congo) after the third epidemic wave. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1363717. [PMID: 39005989 PMCID: PMC11239358 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1363717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Several governments from African countries, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), implemented stringent public health measures to curb COVID-19 transmission in the early phases of the pandemic. While these restrictive measures are believed to have contributed to lowering case incidence and related mortality in DRC, data on the population's knowledge and adherence are limited. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, attitudes, and practices of COVID-19 preventive measures and associated factors among adult residents of Matadi, thereby generating evidence for a strategy adjustment as the COVID-19 response is transitioning from emergency to control status. Methods We used data from a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in October 2021. Consenting participants were enrolled through a multi-stage cluster sampling approach and administered a pre-tested structured questionnaire using a mobile application (Epicollect 5). We analyzed adult participants' data using STATA 15.1. Univariable and multivariable analyses were applied to identify factors associated with good knowledge, good perception, positive attitude and good practice. Results We included 1,269 adult respondents for the secondary analysis. One respondent in six was female. The median age was 36 years (IQR 24-50). Most respondents (76.5%) had good knowledge. Respondents aged 40-49 years and those with vocational education level were 1.7 time (AOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.07-2.87) and twice as likely (AOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.01-4.21) to have good knowledge. Preventive measures were perceived as efficient by 45% of respondents. Good perception was associated with education level, profession, average household monthly income and good knowledge. Only 40% of respondents had a positive attitude. A positive attitude was associated with age, education level, and good knowledge. Respondents having good practice represented 5.8%. Good practice was associated with good knowledge, attitude and perception. Conclusion Most respondents were knowledgeable, had a good perception of government-related COVID-19 preventive measures, a moderately positive attitude and an extremely low level of good practice. Current COVID-19 preventive strategies, including vaccination rollout, need adjustment into high-efficiency, context-based and risk group-specific interventions. Evidence generated by this study will improve preparedness and response to future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Munyeku-Bazitama
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Patient Okitale-Talunda
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Justus Nsio-Mbeta
- Direction de Surveillance Epidémiologique, Ministère de la Santé, Hygiène et Prévention, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Patrick Mpingabo-Ilunga
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Paul Tshiminyi-Munkamba
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Aimé Umba-Phuati
- Division Provinciale de Santé du Kongo Central, Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jacques Kimfuta
- Division Provinciale de Santé du Kongo Central, Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ferdinand Ango-Phukuta
- Division Provinciale de Santé du Kongo Central, Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Goethe Makindu
- Division Provinciale de Santé du Kongo Central, Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Ryoko Asari
- Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo, Japan
- Departments of Virology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Steve Ahuka-Mundeke
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Mitsuo Isono
- Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sheila Makiala-Mandanda
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Htun YM, Maung NL, Ko DK, Htut HM, Phyo MK, Aung WL, Zaw HK, Min AK, Kyaw AP, Swe T, Zaw KK, Win KSN, Ko KK, Thaw KM, Aung SP, Aung SY, Htun SS, Paing SH, Htun SL, Naing ZM, Htun ZK, Naung H, Oo HH, Hla NY, San AK, Myat HM, Htet PS, Mon MK, Paing YM, Phyo WL, Paing WK, Rein T, Oo TL, Zaw TP, Oo TL, Thu TM, Aung TT, Soe HH, Soe AK, Oo AM, Aung A, Aung PP, Kyaw HA, Kyaw HP, Soe YNM, Ko MM, Aung ZK, Aung KT, Lwin YPC, Yan W, Soe PT, Htet ZL, Sint NH, Aung Z, Winn ZT, Thu KS, Shan NH, Htun NS, Win TT, Tun KM. Adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures among residents in selected townships, Yangon Region, Myanmar: a community-based cross-sectional study. Trop Med Health 2024; 52:36. [PMID: 38734710 PMCID: PMC11088027 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-024-00603-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To fight the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, many countries have implemented various mitigation measures to contain the spread of the disease. By engaging with health service providers, the community's participation in adherence to preventive measures is certainly required in the implementation of COVID-19 mitigation strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and its associated factors among the residents, Yangon Region, Myanmar. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 636 residents in Yangon Region, Myanmar, from October to December 2021. A multistage non-probability sampling method, purposively selected for three townships in Yangon Region and convenience sampling for 212 participants from each township, was applied and the data were collected by face-to-face interviews using structured and pretested questionnaires. Data were entered, coded, and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25.0. Simple and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the significant variables of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. RESULTS As a level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures, the proportion of residents who had good adherence was 39.3% (95% CI 35.5-43.2%), moderate adherence was 37.6% (95% CI 33.8-41.5%), and poor adherence was 23.1% (95% CI 19.9-26.6%). The age group of 31-40 years (AOR: 3.13, 95% CI 1.62-6.05), 30 years and younger (AOR: 3.22, 95% CI 1.75-5.92), Burmese ethnicity (AOR: 2.52, 95% CI 1.44-4.39), own business (AOR: 3.19, 95% CI 1.15-8.87), high school education level and below (AOR: 1.64, 95% CI 1.02-2.69), less than 280.90 USD of monthly family income (AOR: 1.51, 95% CI 1.01-2.29), low knowledge about COVID-19 (AOR: 1.90, 95% CI 1.26-2.88) were significantly associated with poor adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. CONCLUSIONS In this study, nearly one-fourth of the residents were experiencing poor adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Therefore, building up the risk communication through the community using widely used mainstream media, the continuation of disease surveillance and announcement of updated information or advice for the public to increase awareness towards COVID-19, and enforcement to follow the recommended directions and regulations of health institutions are vital to consider for improving the adherence to preventive measures against COVID-19 among the residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Minn Htun
- Department of Prevention and Research Development of Hepatitis, AIDS and Other Viral Diseases, Health and Disease Control Unit, Nay Pyi Taw, 15011, Myanmar.
| | - Nyan Lin Maung
- Department of Research and Development, Defence Services Medical School, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Dwe Kyaw Ko
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Han Myo Htut
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Min Khant Phyo
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Wai Lynn Aung
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Hein Khant Zaw
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Aung Kyaw Min
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Aung Phyo Kyaw
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Thet Swe
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Kaung Khant Zaw
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Kyaw Swar Naing Win
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Khant Ko Ko
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Khant Min Thaw
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Saw Pyae Aung
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Saw Yan Aung
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Soe San Htun
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Soe Htet Paing
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Soe Lin Htun
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Zaw Myo Naing
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Zin Ko Htun
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Htoo Naung
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Htun Htun Oo
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Naing Ye Hla
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Aung Kyaw San
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Hpone Myint Myat
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Phone Shan Htet
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Min Khant Mon
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Ye Myat Paing
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Wai Lin Phyo
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Win Khant Paing
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Thu Rein
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Thit Lwin Oo
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Thet Paing Zaw
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Thet Lynn Oo
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Thint Myat Thu
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Than Toe Aung
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Hein Htet Soe
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Aung Kyaw Soe
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Aung Myint Oo
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Aung Aung
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Pyae Phyo Aung
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Htun Aung Kyaw
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Hpone Pji Kyaw
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Yan Naing Myint Soe
- Department of Prevention and Research Development of Hepatitis, AIDS and Other Viral Diseases, Health and Disease Control Unit, Nay Pyi Taw, 15011, Myanmar
| | - Myint Myat Ko
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Zin Ko Aung
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Kyaw Thiha Aung
- Department of Prevention and Research Development of Hepatitis, AIDS and Other Viral Diseases, Health and Disease Control Unit, Nay Pyi Taw, 15011, Myanmar
| | - Yan Paing Chit Lwin
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Wai Yan
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Phyo Tayza Soe
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Zin Linn Htet
- Department of Prevention and Research Development of Hepatitis, AIDS and Other Viral Diseases, Health and Disease Control Unit, Nay Pyi Taw, 15011, Myanmar
| | - Nay Hein Sint
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Zayar Aung
- Department of Prevention and Research Development of Hepatitis, AIDS and Other Viral Diseases, Health and Disease Control Unit, Nay Pyi Taw, 15011, Myanmar
| | - Zin Thu Winn
- Department of Prevention and Research Development of Hepatitis, AIDS and Other Viral Diseases, Health and Disease Control Unit, Nay Pyi Taw, 15011, Myanmar
| | - Kaung Si Thu
- Department of Prevention and Research Development of Hepatitis, AIDS and Other Viral Diseases, Health and Disease Control Unit, Nay Pyi Taw, 15011, Myanmar
| | - Nyan Htet Shan
- Outpatient Department, No. 1 Military Hospital (500 Bedded), Meiktila, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Nyan Sint Htun
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Tun Tun Win
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Kyaw Myo Tun
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
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Mbonigaba E, Yu F, Reñosa MDC, Cho FN, Chen Q, Denkinger CM, A McMahon S, Chen S. Knowledge and trust of mothers regarding childhood vaccination in Rwanda. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1067. [PMID: 38632541 PMCID: PMC11022416 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Knowledge and trust are some of the contributing factors to vaccine acceptance(VA) and Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is one of the top threats to global health. A significant drop in childhood vaccination has been observed in recent years. One important reason that influences mothers' choice to either postpone or avoid children's vaccinations is knowledge and trust in childhood vaccines. This study aimed to assess mothers' knowledge and trust on vaccination of their children, and to examine the association between vaccination knowledge and selected socio-demographic factors. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 2022 to March 2022 to assess the knowledge and trust of mothers regarding childhood vaccination. Data was collected with self-administered questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to assess factors associated with childhood vaccine knowledge and trust. RESULTS Of the 2,126 Rwandan parents who participated in the study, the proportions with good knowledge of - and good trust in childhood vaccination were 95.5% and 91.4%, respectively. The popular sources of information about childhood vaccination were health care professionals (91.8%) and mass media (28.9%). Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that good knowledge of - and trust in childhood vaccination were associated with the relationship with child(ren), education, occupation, and monthly income. The Multinomial logistic regression also revealed that the determinants of good knowledge of - and trust in childhood vaccination were; caregiver (p = 4.0 × 10-4, adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR); 1.7, 95%C.I; 1.3 - 2.3), no formal educational status (p = 3.3 × 10-2, aOR; 1.7, 95%C.I; 1.0 - 3.0), the unemployed occupational status (p = 2.4 × 10-2, aOR; 1.2, 95%C.I; 1.0 - 1.4), and persons on more than $401 per month (p = 2.0 × 10-4, aOR; 3.5, 95%C.I; 1.8 - 6.8). CONCLUSION The majority of parents in Rwanda had both good knowledge of-and good trust regarding childhood vaccination. Public health strategies to promote vaccination, education programmes as well as improved communication tools between health care professionals/traditional leaders/religious leaders and parents need to be considered to achieve favourable vaccination attitudes and practices for all parents in Rwanda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Mbonigaba
- Centre of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Public, Health- University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
| | - Fengyun Yu
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Scientific Computing, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Donald C Reñosa
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Frederick Nchang Cho
- , Buea, Cameroon
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Qiushi Chen
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The Harold and Inge Marcus, The Pennsylvania State University, University ParkHarrisburg, PA, USA
| | - Claudia M Denkinger
- Centre of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shannon A McMahon
- Centre of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simiao Chen
- Centre of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Peking, China
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Karbana G, Ambelu A, Birke W, Asefa L, Lemma H, Belay MM. Rural community perceptions and practices toward the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) prevention in Konso Zone, Southern Ethiopia: a lesson for the next pandemic. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1298810. [PMID: 38384891 PMCID: PMC10879358 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1298810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) has provided a lesson on preparedness and coping mechanisms for similar pandemics to different community segments. To control and prevent the spreading of COVID-19, people need to possess the correct attitude and perception to follow the appropriate practices against the causative agent. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the rural community's perceptions and practices toward COVID-19 prevention among southern Ethiopia's Konso zone rural communities. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study conducted from April to May 2022 on 605 study participants in the Kena district of the Konso zone of Ethiopia. Participants were recruited using simple random sampling techniques. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect data using structured questionnaires developed from the World Health Organization guide and related literature. A logistic regression model was used to identify determinants of perception and practice. Results Among the 564 participants, 296 (52.5%) believed they would go to the healthcare facility if they contracted COVID-19. About 276 (48.9%) perceived that COVID-19 is not a stigma and should not be concealed. About 233 (41.3%) perceived COVID-19 would be controlled. However, the majority, 451 (80%), 440 (78%), 384 (68.1%), 381 (67.6%), 337 (59.8%), and 317 (56.2%) perceived that the cause of COVID-19 is sin, eating some food items were effective against the virus, no cases in their locality, living far away from COVID-19 area, the virus does not exist, respectively. Overall, only 22.5% of the study participants have good perceptions. About 58.5% practiced handwashing to prevent COVID-19, and 45.2% covered their mouth and nose while coughing/sneezing. Among the participants, 39.8% were vaccinated, and about a quarter (24.8%) of the respondents had good prevention practices. Participants with better educational status, use of social media as a source of information, and those with better income levels are found to be protective factors while being married is a risk factor. Conclusion The status of the participant's perception and preventive practices toward COVID-19 was meager. There was a substantial magnitude of wrong perceptions about controlling such pandemics. High inaccurate perceptions and low preventive practice need an urgent and sustained improvement strategy to tackle similar pandemics or epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gedeno Karbana
- Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Health, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia
| | - Argaw Ambelu
- Water and Health Division, Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wondwossen Birke
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Public Health Faculty, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Lechisa Asefa
- Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Health, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia
| | - Hailu Lemma
- Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Health, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia
| | - Mekdes Mekonen Belay
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Werabe University, Werabe, Ethiopia
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Nhacolo A, Madewell ZJ, Muir JA, Sacoor C, Xerinda E, Matsena T, Jamisse E, Bassat Q, Whitney CG, Mandomando I, Cunningham SA. Knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms, transmission, and prevention: Evidence from health and demographic surveillance in Southern Mozambique. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002532. [PMID: 37910574 PMCID: PMC10619866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding community members' knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and prevention is essential for directing public health interventions to reduce disease spread and improve vaccination coverage. Here, we describe knowledge of COVID-19 transmission, prevention, and symptoms among community residents in Mozambique. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 33,087 households in a Health and Demographic Surveillance System in Manhiça, Mozambique. Participants were recruited in April 2021 before the Delta variant wave to the peak of Omicron cases in February 2022. Principal components analysis was used to create scores representing knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms, transmission, and prevention. Multiple imputation and quasi-Poisson regression were used to examine associations between demographic characteristics and sources of COVID-19 information, and knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms, transmission, and prevention. We examined whether sources of COVID-19 information mediated the relationship between educational attainment and knowledge of symptoms, transmission, and prevention. Across this rural community, 98.2%, 97.0%, and 85.1% of respondents reported knowing how COVID-19 could be prevented, that SARS-CoV-2 can cause disease, and how SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted, respectively. The most recognized COVID-19 symptoms were cough (51.2%), headaches (44.9%), and fever (44.5%); transmission mechanisms were saliva droplets (50.5%) or aerosol (46.9%) from an infected person; and prevention measures were handwashing (91.9%) and mask-wearing (91.8%). Characteristics associated with greater knowledge of symptoms, transmission, and prevention included having at least primary education, older age, employment, higher wealth, and Christian religion. Respondents who had experienced COVID-19 symptoms were also more likely to possess knowledge of symptoms, transmission, and prevention. Receiving information from television, WhatsApp, radio, and hospital, mediated the relationship between educational attainment and knowledge scores. These findings support the need for outreach and for community-engaged messaging to promote prevention measures, particularly among people with low education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Nhacolo
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Zachary J. Madewell
- Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | | | - Elisio Xerinda
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Edgar Jamisse
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Quique Bassat
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal—Hospital Clínic, Unversitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institutó Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Inacio Mandomando
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal—Hospital Clínic, Unversitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
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Hassen S, Adane M. COVID-19 knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices among government and private bank workers in Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1251701. [PMID: 38026278 PMCID: PMC10643604 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1251701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bank workers are among the many service-sector employees who are at risk of COVID-19 infection. Individual's adherence to control measures is affected by their COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). Since KAP is an important cognitive key in public health prevention and promotion, this study aimed to identify COVID-19 KAP-related gaps among bank workers in Dessie City, Ethiopia and to guide banks and health authorities in taking corrective actions. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1st to 30th, 2021 among 413 bank workers. A binary logistic regression was applied to determine association of independent variables with outcome variables using three different models. Variables at 95% confidence interval (CI) with a p < 0.25 from bivariate analysis were transported to three different multivariable logistic regression models and then variables with a p-value of 0.05 from the multivariable analysis of each model were declared as significantly associated with the outcome variables. Results The results of this study show that 84.7% [95% CI: 81.1-88.1] of bank workers had good knowledge, 50.4% positive attitude, and 50.6% [95% CI: 45.8-55.0] good practice towards prevention of COVID-19. The only variable significantly associated with knowledge in this study was positive attitude (AOR = 8.89; 95%CI: 3.34-23.64). Being ≥35 years old (AOR = 2.46; 95%CI: 1.25-4.84) and getting information on COVID-19 (AOR = 3.81; 95%CI: 1.84-7.91) were among factors significantly associated with attitude towards COVID-19 prevention, whereas being female and ≥ 35 years old (AOR = 2.56; 95%CI: 1.29-5.06) and (AOR = 2.73; 95% CI: 1.15-6.51), respectively were factors associated with good preventive practice towards COVID-19. Conclusion and recommendation Considering those significant factors responsible for determining COVID-19 KAP level of respondents, health education program and information dissemination are recommended, including appropriate strategies by policy makers and bank managers to develop effective interventions for COVID-19 transmission in banks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seada Hassen
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Metadel Adane
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Endriyas M, Shibru E, Hussen M, Melka M, Lemango F, Kibru S, Taye D, Tadele A. Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19: Community survey in southern Ethiopia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288430. [PMID: 37535622 PMCID: PMC10399778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being well informed about the pandemic and how the virus spreads help to prevent and control the pandemic. Health authorities should monitor community practice to prevent the pandemic to identify gaps and minimize risks. This study was, therefore, designed to assess community knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) related to COVID-19 prevention and its associated factors in urban settings. METHODS Community based cross-sectional study was conducted in southern Ethiopia. Twelve towns with high population density and mobility and 1162 participants were included in the study using multi-stage sampling. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Mask use was assessed by observation while social distancing and handwashing were assessed by interview. Good practice was defined as wearing face mask, keeping social distance and handwashing. Data was collected by health professionals who have BSc and above (in nursing and public health) and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression at 95% confidence level were performed. RESULTS From 1162 respondents, about three fifths, 714 (61.4%), were females and 829 (64.2%) were married. The mean knowledge score was 69.7 (SD±17.87) while mean score for attitude was 80.6 (SD±6.29). Only about one third, 380 (32.7%), had good practice. Occupation, age and overall knowledge about COVID-19 and its prevention were associated with good COVID-19 prevention measures. CONCLUSION Knowledge and attitude related to COVID-19 prevention and control were moderate while practice was low. The risk communication strategy should be strengthened using precautionary advocacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misganu Endriyas
- SNNPR Public Health Institute, SNNPR Health Bureau, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | | | - Mamush Hussen
- SNNPR Public Health Institute, SNNPR Health Bureau, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Mintesinot Melka
- SNNPR Public Health Institute, SNNPR Health Bureau, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Fiseha Lemango
- SNNPR Public Health Institute, SNNPR Health Bureau, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Seyife Kibru
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Degu Taye
- Multisectoral HIV/AIDS Response Coordination, Sidama Regional Health Bureau, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Alelign Tadele
- Department of Laboratory, Hawassa Health Science College, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
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Health system response to COVID-19 among primary health care units in Ethiopia: A qualitative study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281628. [PMID: 36763695 PMCID: PMC9916627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There was limited data on the experiences and roles of sub-national health systems in the response against COVID-19 in Ethiopia. This study explored how sub-national primary health care units and coordinating bodies in Ethiopia responded to COVID-19 during the first 6 months of pandemic. METHODS We conducted a qualitative study with descriptive phenomenological design using 59 key informants that were purposively selected. The interviews included leaders across Ethiopia's 10 regions and 2 administrative cities. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide that was translated into a local language. The interviews were conducted in person or by phone. Coding and categorizing led to the development of themes and subthemes. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Local administrators across different levels took the lead in responding to COVID-19 by organizing multisectoral planning and monitoring committees at regional, zonal and woreda (district) levels. Health leaders reacted to the demand for an expanded workforce by reassigning health professionals to COVID-19 surveillance and case management activities, adding COVID-19-related responsibilities to their workloads, temporarily blocking leave, and hiring new staff on contractual basis. Training was prioritized for: rapid response teams, laboratory technicians, healthcare providers assigned to treatment centers where care was provided for patients with COVID-19, and health extension workers. COVID-19 supplies and equipment, particularly personal protective equipment, were difficult to obtain at the beginning of the pandemic. Health officials used a variety of means to equip and protect staff, but the quantity fell short of their needs. Local health structures used broadcast media, print materials, and house-to-house education to raise community awareness about COVID-19. Rapid response teams took the lead in case investigation, contact tracing, and sample collection. The care for mild cases was shifted to home-based isolation as the number of infections increased and space became limited. However, essential health services were neglected at the beginning of the pandemic while the intensity of local multisectoral response (sectoral engagement) declined as the pandemic progressed. CONCLUSIONS Local government authorities and health systems across Ethiopia waged an early response to the pandemic, drawing on multisectoral support and directing human, material, and financial resources toward the effort. But, the intensity of the multisectoral response waned and essential services began suffering as the pandemic progressed. There is a need to learn from the pandemic and invest in the basics of the health system-health workers, supplies, equipment, and infrastructure-as well as coordination of interventions.
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Cho FN, Ngah YE, Tassang AN, Fru CN, Kuku Elad PC, Jokwi PK, Folefac VN, Esa I, Fru PN. Face mask ownership/utilisation and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy amongst patients recovering from COVID-19 in Cameroon: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280269. [PMID: 36662746 PMCID: PMC9858007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to establish pre-/post Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis/treatment symptoms, ownership/utilisation of face masks (FMs), as well as vaccine hesitancy (VH) amongst patients recovering from COVID-19. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted from April - October 2021. Data was collected with structured self-administered questionnaires. Multinomial regression was used to determine associations between ownership/utilisation of FMs with respondents' characteristics. RESULTS Unproductive cough and fatigue were prevalent before and after treatment. Pre-/Post COVID-19 symptoms severity ranged from mild to moderate. There was a COVID-19 VH rate of 492 (74%). The prevalence of FM ownership and utilisation were, respectively, 613 (92.2%) and 271 (40.8%). One main factor was associated with FM ownership; respondent's sex (p; 5.5x10-2, OR; 0.5, 95%C.I; 0.3 - 1.0). The main reasons for irregular utilisation were; inability to be consistent, only used outdoors, and boredom. CONCLUSION The treatment of COVID-19 does not mean immediate recovery as mild to moderate grade severity still persists. Face mask availability and ownership does not mean appreciable utilisation. This study advocates for an intensification of COVID-19 preventive practices, as well as elaborate education on the importance of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Nchang Cho
- Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services – HIV free/Strengthening Public Health Laboratory Systems, Buea, Cameroon
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Yayah Emerencia Ngah
- District Health Services Bamenda, North West Regional Delegation of Health, Ministry of Health, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Andrew N. Tassang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Buea Regional Hospital Annex, Buea, Cameroon
- Atlantic Medical Foundation, Mutengene, Cameroon
| | - Celestina Neh Fru
- Atlantic Medical Foundation, Mutengene, Cameroon
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of Social and Management Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Peter Canisius Kuku Elad
- Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services – HIV free/Strengthening Public Health Laboratory Systems, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Patrick Kofon Jokwi
- Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services – HIV free/Strengthening Public Health Laboratory Systems, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Valmie Ngassam Folefac
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Sintieh Research Academy, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ismaila Esa
- Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services – HIV free/Strengthening Public Health Laboratory Systems, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Paulette Ngum Fru
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- District Health Services Tiko, South West Regional Delegation of Health, Ministry of Health, Buea, Cameroon
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Feleke A, Gebrehiwot M, Kloos H, Embrandiri A, Daba C, Hassen S, Adane M. COVID-19 preventive practices and associated factors among high school and preparatory school students in Dessie City, Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1019584. [PMID: 36478718 PMCID: PMC9720378 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1019584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to ravage the world, the most pretentious sector besides the economy is the education system. Ethiopia is not equipped with the infrastructure and facilities to provide online classes for students at all levels. Hence, all institutions were re-opened with mandatory infection prevention and control (IPC) protocols such as the use of face masks, physical distancing, shifts in classes, and routine hand washing practices with soap and water to restrict the spread of the virus. Nevertheless, there has been no monitoring and follow- up and there is no data on IPC compliance among school children in the country. The purpose of this study was to examine the COVID-19 preventive practices and their associated factors among high and preparatory school students in Dessie City, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out by using a pre-tested face-to-face applied structured questionnaire and direct observations from March 8 to March 20, 2021, in five high and preparatory schools in Dessie City. The sample size was proportionally allocated in each school based on the students' total number registered in the first academic semester, then stratified by grade level, and proportionally allocated to each grade and section. Finally, a simple random sampling method was used to select study participants. Variables with p-values < 0.25 in the bivariate logistic regression analysis were entered into the multivariate logistic regression model. Results This study involved 422 students with a response rate of 98.8%. The level of good preventive practices was 43.7%. After adjusting for covariates, female, positive attitudes, received IPC training and clear accessible sharing of information and feedback with parents, students and teachers were identified as predictors of good precaution practices. Conclusion The prevalence of good prevention practices for COVID-19 among students was relatively very low. Therefore, the Department of Health and Education of Dessie City and each school should implement environmental health programs and promote prevention practices in high schools and preparatory schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alelgne Feleke
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Gebrehiwot
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Helmut Kloos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Asha Embrandiri
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Chala Daba
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Seada Hassen
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Metadel Adane
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Lee F, Suryohusodo AA. Knowledge, attitude, and practice assessment toward COVID-19 among communities in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:957630. [PMID: 36388283 PMCID: PMC9659730 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.957630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This research aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice toward COVID-19 among East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) population and identify associated sociodemographic factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed among communities in 22 regencies of NTT between October-November 2021 using a structured and validated questionnaire that consists of 22-items of knowledge, 6-items of attitude and 13-items of practice related COVID-19 questions. A cut off point of at least 70% was employed to categorize good knowledge, attitude, and practice. Results The percentages of survey respondents showing good knowledge, attitude and practice toward COVID-19 were 79.8, 72.7, and 94.6%, respectively. There was a significant positive, though weak, linear correlation between knowledge and practice scores (ρ = 0.097; p = 0.049). Knowledge was strongly associated with regency of residence (Cramer's V = 0.266; p = 0.010), education (Cramer's V = 0.312; p < 0.001), and occupation (Cramer's V = 0.313; p < 0.001). Attitude and practice had strong relationship with regency of residence (Cramer's V = 0.289; p = 0.024) and education (Cramer's V = 0.272; p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion Nearly all survey participants showed good precautionary behaviors, but there was still a quarter of respondents indicated poor knowledge and attitude. There was also a positive relationship between knowledge and practice scores thereby indicating the importance of local public health advocates to distribute information uniformly especially to the groups with inadequate knowledge toward COVID-19 as a means to control the virus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia,*Correspondence: Felix Lee
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Tegegne MD, Melkam M, Adane T, Getawa S. COVID-19 preventive practice and associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2022; 4:100329. [PMID: 36267492 PMCID: PMC9568273 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives COVID-19 is a global health concern due to its rapid spread and impact on morbidity and mortality. Implementing preventive measures plays an essential role in curbing the spread of COVID-19 infection. This study aimed to assess COVID-19 preventive practice and associated factors in Ethiopia. Study design This study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Methods Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, EMBASE, African Journal Online (AJOL) and Science Direct search engines were used to identify relevant articles published up to early December 2021. The Joana Brigg's Institute (JBI) checklist was used for quality appraisal. A random-effect model was fitted to calculate the pooled estimates. Higgins I2 statistics and Egger's test with funnel plots were analysed to check heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. Due to significant heterogeneity, subgroup analysis by region, study population, study design and publication year, as well as sensitivity analysis, were done to assess the source of heterogeneity. Results The pooled level of poor preventive practice for COVID-19 in Ethiopia was 51.60% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40.30-62.90). Poor COVID-19 preventive practice declined from 61% in studies published in 2020 to 45% in 2021. Lack of knowledge about COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.61 [95% CI: 2.49-10.73]), a negative attitude towards COVID-19 management (AOR = 2.64 [95% CI: 1.82-3.82]), rural residence (AOR = 2.95 [95% CI: 2.12-4.12]), a low educational level (AOR = 2.93 [95% CI: 2.16-3.98]) and being female (AOR = 1.75 [95% CI: 1.27-2.40]) were significantly associated with a poor level of COVID-19 preventive practice in Ethiopia. Conclusions The level of poor COVID-19 preventive practice in Ethiopia was relatively high. Poor COVID-19 prevention practices were significantly correlated with inadequate COVID-19 knowledge, a negative attitude towards COVID-19 management, low educational attainment, living in a rural area and being female. Creating awareness and health education programmes targeting COVID-19 prevention should be strengthened, especially in the target populations identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masresha Derese Tegegne
- Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mamaru Melkam
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tiruneh Adane
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Getawa
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia,Corresponding author.
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Gebreheat G, Paterson R, Mulugeta H, Teame H. Adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275320. [PMID: 36227930 PMCID: PMC9562213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reluctance to the COVID-19 preventive measures have been repeatedly reported in Ethiopia although compliance with these actions is the key step to minimize the pandemic's burden. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to address the gap in the literature by determining the pooled magnitude of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and identifying its associated factors in Ethiopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The electronic databases used to search articles were PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Research4Life and other sources of grey literature including Google Scholar and World Health Organization (WHO) database portals for low- and middle-income countries. Full English-language articles published between 2019 and 2022 were eligible for the review and meta-analysis. Relevant data extracted and descriptive summaries of the studies presented in tabular form. The methodological quality of articles assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality assessment tool. The pooled magnitude of adherence determined by applying a random-effects model at a 95% CI. RESULTS Of 1029 records identified, 15 articles were included in the systematic review and 11 were selected for meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures in Ethiopia was 41.15% (95% CI:32.16-50.14%). Furthermore, perceived COVID-19 disease severity (AOR:1.77, 95% CI: (1.40-2.25)), attitude (AOR:1.85, 95% CI: (1.36-2.53)) and knowledge (AOR:2.51, 95% CI: (1.67-3.78)) to COVID-19 preventive measures showed significant association with adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. CONCLUSION The magnitude of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures in Ethiopia appeared to be low. Therefore, the government of Ethiopia and other stakeholders should mobilize resources to improve the adherence level of the community to the COVID-19 preventive measures and decrease public fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gdiom Gebreheat
- Department of Nursing, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Paterson
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Henok Mulugeta
- Department of Nursing, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Hirut Teame
- Department of Public Health, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
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Sayfi S, Alayche I, Magwood O, Gassanov M, Motilall A, Dewidar O, Detambel N, Matthews M, Ahmed R, Schünemann HJ, Pottie K. Identifying Health Equity Factors That Influence the Public's Perception of COVID-19 Health Information and Recommendations: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912073. [PMID: 36231375 PMCID: PMC9565967 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted global public health and public trust in health recommendations. Trust in health information may waver in the context of health inequities. The objective of this scoping review is to map evidence on public perceptions of COVID-19 prevention information using the PROGRESS-Plus health equity framework. We systematically searched the MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycInfo, and Embase databases from January 2020 to July 2021. We identified 792 citations and 31 studies published in 15 countries that met all inclusion criteria. The majority (30/31; 96.7%) of the studies used an observational design (74.2% cross-sectional, 16.1% cohort, 6.5% case study, 3.2% experimental trials). Most studies (61.3%) reported on perception, understanding, and uptake, and 35.5% reported on engagement, compliance, and adherence to COVID-19 measures. The most frequently reported sources of COVID-related information were social media, TV, news (newspapers/news websites), and government sources. We identified five important equity factors related to public trust and uptake of recommendations: education and health literacy (19 studies; 61.3%), gender (15 studies; 48.4%), age (15 studies; 48.4%), socioeconomic status (11 studies; 35.5%), and place of residence (10 studies; 32.3%). Our review suggests that equity factors play a role in public perception of COVID-19 information and recommendations. A future systematic review could be conducted to estimate the impact of equity factors on perception and behavior outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Sayfi
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ibrahim Alayche
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Olivia Magwood
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 125 University, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Bruyere Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 85 Primrose Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1R 6M1, Canada
| | - Margaret Gassanov
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Ashley Motilall
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Omar Dewidar
- Bruyere Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 85 Primrose Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1R 6M1, Canada
| | - Nicole Detambel
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Micayla Matthews
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Rukhsana Ahmed
- Department of Communication, University at Albany—State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Holger J. Schünemann
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Cochrane Canada and GRADE Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Kevin Pottie
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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Umeta B, Mulugeta T, Mamo G, Alemu S, Berhanu N, Milkessa G, Mengistu B, Melaku T. An analysis of COVID-19 information sources. J Pharm Policy Pract 2022; 15:49. [PMID: 35978417 PMCID: PMC9383678 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-022-00446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has brought new situations that require the effective delivery of health information across the world and it’s important to offer clear, consistent, and credible information on the pandemic to mitigate and control the outbreak. Aim To assess COVID-19 information source, need and trust among the rural community of southwest Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 634 rural communities of southwest Ethiopia. The data were collected by interviewing individuals from selected households and analyzed by SPSS version 26. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess factors affecting information needs. Results Radio 484 (76.3%) was mostly used as a source of information for COVID-19, and government 404 (63.7%) and health professionals 345 (57.7%) were trusted. However, only 10 (1.6%) of the participants acquired information from health professionals. Around 395 (62.3%) of the participants needed additional information on COVID-19. Around 230 (58.2%) and 186 (47.1%) of the participants required additional information on cause and sign and symptoms, respectively. Age of < 45 years old (AOR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.43, 3.12, P < 0.001), and absence of formal education (AOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.35, 2.95, P: 0.001) were factors positively affecting the information needs of the participants on COVID-19. Church goers (AOR: 3.24; 95% CI: 2.03, 5.19; P < 0.001), television (AOR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.63, 3.49; P < 0.001) and social media users (AOR: 4.52; 95% CI: 2.26, 9.04; P < 0.001) as source of information required additional information on COVID-19, and the participants that trusted social media (AOR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.64, 3.87; P < 0.001) and friends/relatives (AOR: 2.95: 95% CI: 1.51, 5.76; P < 0.001) were also required additional information on COVID-19. Conclusions The popular sources of COVID-19-related information were radio and television. The participants trusted the government and health professionals on COVID-19. However, less than 2% of the participants had information from health professionals. The majority of the participants wanted to learn more about COVID-19. The areas the participants required additional information include cause and signs and symptoms. Age, educational status, trust in social media, trust in friends, using the church, television and social media as a source were factors associated with information needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belachew Umeta
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box: 378, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia.
| | - Temesgen Mulugeta
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box: 378, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Mamo
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box: 378, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Sintayehu Alemu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box: 378, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Nimona Berhanu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box: 378, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Gudina Milkessa
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Mengistu
- Department of Anesthesia, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegaye Melaku
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box: 378, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
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Survey of Pharmacists' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) concerning COVID-19 Infection Control after Being Involved in Vaccine Preparation: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159035. [PMID: 35897405 PMCID: PMC9331880 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is crucial for preventing the spread of COVID-19. Vaccination for COVID-19 was implemented in Japan in community units, and community pharmacists were engaged in vaccine preparation. Capturing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of pharmacists regarding COVID-19 infection control is important for developing future community health action strategies and plans. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 141 pharmacists who were members of a pharmacist association in the Shinagawa Ward of Tokyo (1–31 July 2021) using a Google online questionnaire. The questionnaire included demographic information and KAP questions regarding COVID-19. A correlation test was used for analyzing KAP scores. Significant correlations were found among all KAP scores. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed “age” as a significant knowledge factor and “marriage”, “pharmacist careers”, “information source: official government website”, and “information source: word of mouth from family and friends” as significant attitude factors. Good KAP scores were recorded in this study, indicating increased comprehension of infection control measures and increased knowledge scores, as pharmacy pharmacists were practically involved in COVID-19 infection control measures through vaccine preparation. Policymakers should understand the value of pharmacists as healthcare professionals and should enhance public health through the effective use of pharmacists.
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Akilimali PZ, Mashinda DK, Lulebo AM, Mafuta EM, Onyamboko MA, Tran NT. The emergence of COVID-19 in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Community knowledge, attitudes, and practices in Kinshasa. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265538. [PMID: 35727797 PMCID: PMC9212135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The first COVID-19 case in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) was reported on 10 March 2020 in Kinshasa, prompting the government to promote internationally agreed non-pharmacological interventions for infection prevention and control. Public compliance to these measures is critical and depends on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of communities regarding COVID-19, for which there was no data. This study aimed to bridge that gap. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Kinshasa in June 2020, during the emergency state, following a four-stage sampling process. Master’s students from the Kinshasa School of Public Health conducted the survey. Descriptive and regression analyses were performed. Results The study enrolled 726 women and 600 men (mean age: 43; SD 16-85). Nearly everyone heard about COVID-19 (mainly through television, radio, and street reports), but only 17% were highly knowledgeable about its transmission modes, signs and symptoms, and preventive measures. More than 80% of participants believed in the disease’s seriousness; however, only 21% found the total lockdown acceptable. Nonetheless, 86% reported regular hand cleaning and mask-wearing followed by physical distancing (72%). Poorer, younger, and non-Catholic participants were overall markedly less knowledgeable and had comparatively lower levels of health-protective attitudes, acceptance, and practices. The education level and household size did not matter. Female participants tended to show fewer enabling attitudes and practices toward COVID-19 prevention measures compared to men. Conclusion Adequate public health information to improve the population’s KAP related to COVID-19 is critical and must be designed with and delivered to the community—considering the specific needs of diverse sub-groups and contexts. Studies in Kinshasa and similar settings are necessary to understand the barriers to and enablers of acquiring, applying, and maintaining the optimal population’s KAP for COVID-19 prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Z. Akilimali
- School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
- * E-mail:
| | - Désiré K. Mashinda
- School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Aimé M. Lulebo
- School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Eric M. Mafuta
- School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Marie A. Onyamboko
- School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Nguyen Toan Tran
- Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Tegegne MD, Endehabtu BF, Guadie HA, Yilma TM. Health Professionals' Attitude Toward the Use of Social Media for COVID-19 Related Information in Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:900293. [PMID: 35784221 PMCID: PMC9247316 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.900293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social media platform is one way to share online information regarding pandemic prevention. However, there is no study regarding the attitude of health professionals toward social media use for the COVID-19-related information. This study aimed to assess health professionals' attitudes toward using social media for COVID-19-related information. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 355 health professionals in Bahir Dar city public health centers, Northwest Ethiopia. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were entered by EPI-data version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 23 software. Descriptive statistics, bivariable, and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to describe respondents' attitudes toward using social media for COVID-19 information and identify associated factors. An adjusted odds ratio (OR) and a p-value with a 95% CI were calculated to measure the strength of the association and assess statistical significance. Result Out of 341 participants, about 73% of the participants had a good attitude toward the use of social media for COVID-19 information. Age < 24 [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.74, 95% CI: (1.53-9.13)] and age group 25-34 years [AOR = 2.25, 95% CI: (1.04-4.86)], computer training [AOR = 2.03, 95% CI: (1.03-4.00)], usefulness of social media [AOR = 3.25, 95% CI: (1.58-6.67)], and trustworthiness [AOR = 3.57, 95% CI: (1.93-6.60)] were enabling factors for attitude toward the use of social media for COVID-19 related information. Conclusion Health professionals had a moderate attitude toward using social media for accessing COVID-19-related information. This implies that after considering positive attitude predictors, such as providing basic computer training, emphasizing the usefulness of social media, and building trusted social media pages, social media platforms can be used as a source of COVID-19-related information for health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masresha Derese Tegegne
- Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Fikadie Endehabtu
- Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Alganeh Guadie
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfahun Melese Yilma
- Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Bukata IT, Dadi LS, Ayana AM, Mengistu D, Yewal D, Gizaw TS, Woldesenbet YM. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice Toward Prevention of COVID-19 Among Jimma Town Residents: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:822116. [PMID: 35570967 PMCID: PMC9091554 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.822116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported by the World Health Organization on 31 December 2019, and later, it was declared a global pandemic on 12 March 2020. To date, it is a great challenge to the world including Ethiopia. Therefore, to attain effective prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic, improving the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the community is necessary. Objective To assess, knowledge, attitudes, and practice, and associated factors of COVID-19 among Jimma Town residents. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,500 Jimma town residents from May through June 2020. Adults aged ≥18 years were included in the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that was adopted from different literature. A face-to-face interview was implemented to collect data. Analysis was done by using SPSS version 22. p < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Result A total of 1,500 participants were enrolled in the study. The majority of the respondents were female (59.3%). About 841 (56.1%) of the participants had knowledge about COVID-19. Educational status, household wealth index, and employment showed association with knowledge of COVID-19. Government-owned television (37.3%) was the primary source of information about COVID-19 in the Jimma population. Only 46.6% of respondents had good attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic and about 638 (42.5%) of the study participants had good practice toward COVID-19. The mean practice score was 1.98 (± 0.319). Study participants who were residing in the outskirts of the town were 0.37 less likely to apply good practice regarding COVID-19 prevention measures than those around the center of the town. Whereas, households with a family size of four to five individuals were 1.4 times more likely to show good practice against COVID-19 compared to households with ≤3 individuals (AOR: 1.41; CI: 1.05, 1.91). Conclusion Jimma town community has low knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19. Knowledge, attitude, and practice scores regarding COVID-19 are significantly related to educational status, being self-employed, occupation, marital status, residence, family size, and household relative wealth index. Preventive health advisories to upraise knowledge, attitude, and practice are crucial to prevent and control COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyasu Tadesse Bukata
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Lelisa Sena Dadi
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Andualem Mossie Ayana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Demelash Mengistu
- Department of Media and Communication Studies, College of Social Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Delnesa Yewal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tariku Sime Gizaw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Feleke A, Adane M, Embrandiri A, Berihun G, Walle Z, Keleb A, Kloos H. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Misconceptions About COVID-19 Prevention Practices Among High and Preparatory School Students in Dessie City, Ethiopia. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:1035-1055. [PMID: 35586079 PMCID: PMC9109976 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s325636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge, attitudes, and misconceptions of students about COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) prevention have been examined in relatively few studies. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and misconceptions about COVID-19 prevention practices among high and preparatory school (grades 9 to 12) students in Dessie City, Ethiopia. Methods This school-based cross-sectional study used a pre-tested structured questionnaire and direct observations from March 1 to 30, 2021 in 5 high and preparatory school students in Dessie City, Ethiopia. The sample size was proportionally allocated in each school based on the number of students registered in the first semester, stratified by grade level, and section. Data analysis employed 3 binary logistic regression models (Models I, II and III) with 95% CI (confidence interval). Bivariate analysis (crude odds ratio [COR]) and multivariable analysis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]) were used. Variables with P-values <0.3 in the bivariate analysis were retained in the multivariable logistic regression analysis for each model. Variables with significance levels P<0.05 in the multivariable analysis of each model was identified as significant factors. Results The levels of good knowledge, positive attitudes, and low misconceptions were 74.8%, 60.2%, and 56.1%, respectively. After adjusting for the covariates, grade 12, positive attitude and living in households with more than 5 members were identified as factors significantly associated with good knowledge about COVID-19 prevention practices. Good knowledge of COVID-19 prevention practices, household size >5, infection prevention and control (IPC) training, and low level of misconceptions were factors significantly associated with positive attitudes, whereas students age ≥18 years, positive attitude, and IPC training were factors significantly associated with less misconceptions about COVID-19 prevention measures. Conclusion The prevalence of good knowledge, positive attitude, and low level of misconceptions of prevention practices for COVID-19 among students was relatively low. Therefore, Dessie City Health and Education Department and each high and preparatory school should implement continuous monitoring programs to ensure high prevention awareness and promote preventive behavior towards COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alelgne Feleke
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Alelgne Feleke; Metadel Adane, Email ;
| | - Metadel Adane
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Alelgne Feleke; Metadel Adane, Email ;
| | - Asha Embrandiri
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Gete Berihun
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Zebader Walle
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Awoke Keleb
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Helmut Kloos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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21
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Tadese M, Tessema SD, Altaye G, Mulu GB. Perception of University Students Towards National Efforts at Controlling COVID-19 Pandemics, the Practice of Prevention Measures and its Associated Factors During School Reopening. Front Public Health 2022; 10:843974. [PMID: 35570904 PMCID: PMC9092293 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.843974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected many communities including students. Even if restrictions are being lifted in some countries, i.e., Ethiopia, COVID-19 is not gone yet. Adjusting to the "new normal", an emerging prevention response to the virus, can greatly recover public health and education. Thus, this study aimed to assess students' perception of national efforts at controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, including approaches to prevention measures, and associated factors during campus re-entry. Methods and Materials We conducted a cross-sectional study among 682 Debre Berhan University (DBU) students from December 1 to 15, 2020, when students had just gone back to school. The data was entered into Epi-Data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25.0 statistical software for analysis. The perception and practice of the participants were assessed using a scoring system. Binary logistic regression was run to identify the significant (p ≤ 0.05) predictors of COVID-19 prevention practice. Result The overall high perception and good practice of prevention behaviors were 32%, 95% CI (28.8-35.2), and 37.5%, 95% CI (33.7-41.2), respectively. Being female [AOR (CI) = 1.67 (1.17-2.37)], have a rural residence [AOR (CI) = 1.56 (1.07-2.29)], fathers' education [AOR (CI) = 1.94 (1.06-3.56)], having respiratory disease [AOR (CI) = 2.81 (1.32-5.95)], and information sources from YouTube [AOR (CI) = 1.87 (1.19-2.91)] were significant factors for COVID-19 prevention practice. Besides, a high perception of national efforts at controlling COVID-19 [AOR (CI) = 2.94 (2.04-4.25)] was positively associated with the practice of prevention measures. Conclusion During school reopening, most students had a low perception of national efforts at controlling COVID-19 and poor prevention practices. Socio-demographics, having a chronic illness, information sources, and perception of national efforts were factors of COVID-19 prevention practice. Thus, raising the perception of the national efforts, promoting precautionary measures, managing chronic illnesses, and disseminating information through YouTube are critical to preventing and controlling COVID-19 during campus re-entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Tadese
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Saba Desta Tessema
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Altaye
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Getaneh Baye Mulu
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
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22
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Geleta TA, Deriba BS, Jemal K. Evaluation of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of COVID-19 Prevention Methods Among Hypertensive Patients in North Shoa, Ethiopia. Healthc Policy 2022; 15:457-471. [PMID: 35300276 PMCID: PMC8923687 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s347105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The occurrence of coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) has affected more than 247 million populations around the world. People with comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, kidney disease, elderly people, and people with weak immunity develop severe types of COVID-19 if exposed to the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of COVID-19 prevention methods among hypertensive patients in North Shoa, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 5/2020 to June 5/2020 in public hospitals in the North Shoa zone, Ethiopia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and study participants were recruited using a simple random sampling technique. The data were checked for completeness and entered into the EpiData manager version 4.4.1 and transferred to SPSS version 23 for analysis purposes. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were computed and a significant association was declared with a p-value less than 0.05. Results A total of 360 (97.0%) hypertension patients responded. This study revealed that 210 (58.3%) study participants had good knowledge of COVID-19 prevention methods, 199 (55.3%) had a favorable attitude towards COVID-19 prevention methods, and 210 (58.3%) hypertension patients at follow-up practiced COVID-19 prevention methods. Respondents who received less than two thousand Ethiopian birrs monthly and respondents who followed electronic news media were significantly associated with the use of sanitizer, respondents who had a favorable attitude towards the COVID-19 prevention method were significantly associated with mask-wearing, and respondents who received less than two thousand Ethiopian birrs monthly were significantly associated with maintaining a physical distance. Conclusion Generally, this study finding revealed that the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19 prevention among hypertension patients was low. Therefore, increasing knowledge, attitude, and practice on COVID-19 among hypertension patients requires a coordinated effort from the government, non-government, and health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinsae Abeya Geleta
- Salale University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Fitche, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Tinsae Abeya Geleta, Email
| | - Berhanu Senbeta Deriba
- Salale University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Fitche, Ethiopia
| | - Kemal Jemal
- Salale University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Fitche, Ethiopia
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Alanazi N, Bahjri K. Knowledge, Attitude, and Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:801777. [PMID: 35284372 PMCID: PMC8904396 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.801777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The world has been facing an unprecedented pandemic of COVID-19 with over 336 million people infected and millions of deaths. This required an enormous communication effort response from governments, international, and individuals to keep the public informed about the outbreak. When a pandemic affects communities, individuals' knowledge and attitude are important factors to contain the outbreak. Thus, the purpose of this study is to measure individuals' knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19 and ascertain whether a need exists for mental health services for those who were affected by the pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional design was used to measure the knowledge, attitude, and psychological impacts about the COVID-19 pandemic among the Saudi population. Research participants were recruited using a snowball sampling technique through the social media platform WhatsApp. A total of 482 eligible individuals participated from various locations in Saudi Arabia represented almost all Saudi regions. The questionnaire consisted of seven questions evaluating knowledge, seven gauging attitudes, and 16 questions assessing anxiety and perceived need for mental healthcare services. Results A modest level of knowledge (59%) was found among the Saudi population sampled about the COVID-19 pandemic, and satisfactory knowledge (>80%) about its preventive measures. Anxiety and stress existed among the participants (79% obsessed with COVID-19), with an 88% approval rate for obtaining mental health services for individuals highly affected by the pandemic. Conclusion There is a need to increase awareness and provide continuous updates regarding the pandemic situation. Promoting access to mental health services is critical, as well as finding creative and suitable strategies to deliver mental health services to those who need them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif Alanazi
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Naif Alanazi
| | - Khaled Bahjri
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda, CA, United States
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24
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Duan Y, Shang B, Liang W, Lin Z, Hu C, Baker JS, Wang Y, He J. Predicting hand washing, mask wearing and social distancing behaviors among older adults during the covid-19 pandemic: an integrated social cognition model. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:91. [PMID: 35109798 PMCID: PMC8807958 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02785-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults are at a higher risk from COVID-19. Individual preventive behaviors including frequent hand washing, mask wearing, and social distancing play important roles in reducing the transmission of COVID-19 in the community. This study aimed to identify the determinants of three preventive behaviors of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic by using an Integrated Social Cognition Model. METHODS Using a prospective study design, 516 Chinese older adults from Hubei province of China (mean age = 67.55 years, SD = 6.60, 57.9% females) completed two online questionnaire surveys. The demographics, social cognition constructs (motivational self-efficacy, risk perception, attitude, subjective norm, health knowledge, intention, volitional self-efficacy, planning, action control) and three preventive behaviors were measured during the first-wave online survey from 18 May 2020 to 7 June 2020. One month later, three preventive behaviors were measured again during the second-wave online survey. Data were analyzed by structural equation modelling. RESULTS Models showed attitude, motivational self-efficacy and subjective norm were consistent predictors of intention, motivational self-efficacy was a consistent predictor of volitional self-efficacy, planning and volitional self-efficacy were consistent predictors of action control, and health knowledge was a consistent predictor of behaviors across all three preventive behaviors. In addition, mediating relationships were found in the model of hand washing behavior. In particular, planning (β = .109, p = .042) and action control (β = .056, p = .047) mediated between volitional self-efficacy and hand washing respectively. Action control also mediated between planning and hand washing (β = .087, p = .044). Moreover, the inclusion of past behaviors in three models attenuated most of the structural relations. CONCLUSIONS The current study's findings basically supported the Integrated Social Cognition Model and identified key modifiable determinants of preventive behaviors. Based on this model, future interventions aiming to promote COVID-19 preventive behaviors among older adults are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Duan
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, 12/F, Hong Kong Baptist University ShekMun Campus, 8 On Muk Street, ShekMun, Shatin, Hong Kong. .,Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China. .,Department of Health Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Physical Education, Wuhan, China.
| | - Borui Shang
- Department of Social Sciences, Hebei Sport University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, 12/F, Hong Kong Baptist University ShekMun Campus, 8 On Muk Street, ShekMun, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhihua Lin
- Sport Section, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Chun Hu
- Student Mental Health Education Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, China
| | - Julien Steven Baker
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, 12/F, Hong Kong Baptist University ShekMun Campus, 8 On Muk Street, ShekMun, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, 12/F, Hong Kong Baptist University ShekMun Campus, 8 On Muk Street, ShekMun, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jiali He
- Department of Health Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Physical Education, Wuhan, China
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Wasave S, Wasave S, Chaudhari K, Shingare P, Yadav B, Patil S, Naik B. Knowledge, Awareness, and Practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 among the marine fishers of Maharashtra State of India: An online cross-sectional Analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261055. [PMID: 34860859 PMCID: PMC8641885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The knowledge, awareness, and practices (KAP) about COVID-19 among the marine fishers who are engaged in the high-risk occupations and depend on the vulnerable sources of income in the Maharashtra state of India, were investigated to understand the behavioral changes and vulnerability among the respondents because of COVID-19. Data were collected through an online survey from 1st July to 30th July 2020 during the first peak of COVID-19 in the study area by using the questionnaire. Authors based on the latest recommendations by the World Health Organization (WHO) developed the questionnaire and covered the KAP aspects under study. The questionnaire was administered through Google form link and the link was disseminated through social media such as Facebook and What's App. The completed responses (n = 533) received from the eligible sample, excluding those outsides of the fisher community and duplicate entries were considered for analysis. Appropriate statistical tools were used to analyze the data. Among the respondents, 447 men (83.86%) and 86 women (16.14%), with a mean age of 45.4 years (M = 45.4, SD = 1.18). The results revealed that 70.92% of respondents perceived a low risk of infection because of COVID-19 with M = 1.77 and SD = 0.583, but authors found the perceived severity score high (M = 3.95, SD = 1.21) among the 60.97% of respondents. Around 95% of respondents were aware of the COVID-19, while almost all respondents knew the medium of infection and symptoms of COVID-19. The behavior of respondents towards COVID-19 infection was positive and was following sufficient precautionary measures suggested by WHO to protect themselves from COVID-19 infection. The results of multiple regression analysis revealed that the demographic features of respondents like age, education were significantly contributing to the KAP of the fisher community. The results confirmed the importance of KAP which is reflected in the behavioral responses of the fishers while tackling the COVID-19 pandemic situation. The results regarding the risk perception, severity, KAP about COVID-19 provide a collective understanding of the emerging infectious disease among the marine fishers of Maharashtra state of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Wasave
- Department of Fisheries Resources Economics, Statistics and Extension Education, College of Fisheries, Ratnagiri (Dr. B. S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Ratnagiri), Maharashtra, India
| | - Sangita Wasave
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Ratnagiri (Dr. B. S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Ratnagiri), Maharashtra, India
| | - Ketankumar Chaudhari
- Department of Fisheries Resources Economics, Statistics and Extension Education, College of Fisheries, Ratnagiri (Dr. B. S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Ratnagiri), Maharashtra, India
| | - Prakash Shingare
- Associate Dean, College of Fisheries, Ratnagiri (Dr. B. S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Ratnagiri), Maharashtra, India
| | - Bharat Yadav
- Department of Fisheries Resources Economics, Statistics and Extension Education, College of Fisheries, Ratnagiri (Dr. B. S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Ratnagiri), Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandesh Patil
- Department of Fisheries Resources Economics, Statistics and Extension Education, College of Fisheries, Ratnagiri (Dr. B. S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Ratnagiri), Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhalchandra Naik
- Department of Fisheries Resources Economics, Statistics and Extension Education, College of Fisheries, Ratnagiri (Dr. B. S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Ratnagiri), Maharashtra, India
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Hassen S, Adane M. Facemask-wearing behavior to prevent COVID-19 and associated factors among public and private bank workers in Ethiopia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259659. [PMID: 34851973 PMCID: PMC8635365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given widespread vulnerability to COVID-19 infection in areas with low vaccination rates, facemask wearing is repeatedly emphasized for the general population including bank workers, who have contact with many customers each day. Over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, studies focused on facemask wearing among healthcare workers but not among bank workers, who are also at risk of COVID-19. To address this gap and to consider intervention measures that encourage the wearing of facemasks, this study was conducted to identify behaviors of facemask wearing and associated factors among bank workers in Dessie City, Ethiopia. Materials and methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 413 bank workers who were selected using a simple random sampling technique from January 1st to 30th, 2021 in Dessie City, Ethiopia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and on-the-spot observational checklist. The collected data were checked, coded and entered to EpiData version 4.6 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 for data cleaning and analysis. Data were analyzed using bivariable (crude odds ratio [COR]) and multivariable (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]) logistic regression model at 95% confidence interval (CI). Variables from the bivariable analysis with a p-value <0.25 were considered for multivariable analysis. Then, variables that had a p-value <0.05 were declared as factors significantly associated with behavior of facemask wearing. Main findings In this study, the behavior of facemask wearing among bank workers was 50.4% [95%CI: 45.3–55.2%] with 21.1% always wearing a facemask, 72.4% sometimes, and 6.5% never. A majority of the bank workers 350 (84.7%) had good knowledge of COVID-19 and half of them 208 (50.4%) had a positive attitude towards taking precautions against COVID-19. Just over two-thirds of the respondents 284 (68.8%) preferred to wear a non-medical mask. Two hundred fifty-five (61.7%) said wearing a facemask interfered with communication and 259 (62.7%) felt that wearing a facemask was not comfortable. Facemask-wearing behavior was significantly associated with a high level of positive attitude towards taking precautions against COVID-19 (AOR = 3.27, 95% CI: 1.75–6.11), the perception that the consequences of getting COVID-19 could be serious (AOR = 4.87, 95% CI: 2.38–9.94), the presence of chronic illness (AOR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.07–4.48), sex being female (AOR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.06–3.32) and age being greater or equal to 35 years (AOR = 9.25, 95% CI: 4.79–17.88). Conclusion The main finding of the study showed that the behavior of facemask wearing among bank workers was relatively low (50.4%) compared to other types of workers as found in other studies. To increase the behavior of facemask wearing among bank workers, health decision makers need to develop updated guidance for promotion of facemask wearing to increase the practical and appropriate use of facemasks among bank workers. Bank managers and concerned government bodies should enforce mask use to change behavior of these workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seada Hassen
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Metadel Adane
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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COVID-19 preventive practices during intrapartum care- adherence and barriers in Ethiopia; a multicenter cross- sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260270. [PMID: 34793560 PMCID: PMC8601578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging pandemic affecting more than 120 million people globally. Compliance with preventive practices is the single most effective method to overcome the disease. Although several studies have been conducted regarding COVID-19, data on healthcare provider’s adherence to COVID-19 preventive practices during childbirth through direct observation is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to assess healthcare provider’s adherence to COVID-19 preventive practices during childbirth in northwest Ethiopia. Methods A multicenter study was conducted at hospitals in northwest Ethiopia among 406 healthcare providers from November 15 /2020 to March 10 /2021. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select the study subjects. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews and direct observation using a structured questionnaire and standardized checklist respectively. EPI INFO version 7.1.2 and SPSS 25 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Binary logistic regression analyses were undertaken to identify associated factors. The level of significance was decided based on the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval at a p-value of ≤ 0.05. Results The proportion of healthcare providers having good adherence to COVID-19 preventive practices during intrapartum care was 46.1% (95% CI: 41.2, 50.9). Healthcare providers who had job satisfaction (AOR = 3.18; 95% CI: 1.64, 6.13), had smartphone and/or computer (AOR = 2.75; 95% CI: 1.62, 4.65), ever received training on infection prevention (AOR = 3.58; 95% CI: 2.20, 5.84), earned higher monthly income (AOR = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.30, 3.57), and worked at health facility in the urban area (AOR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.77) had a significant association with adherence to COVID-19 preventive practices. Moreover, the most commonly mentioned barriers for not adhering to the preventive practice of COVID-19 were crowdedness of the delivery room, non-availability of personal protective equipment, and shortage of alcohol or sanitizer. Conclusion The healthcare provider’s adherence to COVID-19 preventive practices was low. Hence, stakeholders need to pay special attention to increase healthcare provides’ job satisfaction. In addition, the provision of continuous training on infection prevention would be helpful. Furthermore, personal protective equipment, alcohol, and sanitizer supply must be provided for healthcare providers.
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Siddiquea BN, Shetty A, Bhattacharya O, Afroz A, Billah B. Global epidemiology of COVID-19 knowledge, attitude and practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e051447. [PMID: 34521674 PMCID: PMC8441223 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of the global general population regarding COVID-19. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO were used to identify articles published between 1 January and 30 June 2021 assessing KAP regarding COVID-19 in the global general population. The quality of eligible studies was assessed. Random effects model was used to obtain the pooled proportion of each component of KAP of COVID-19. Heterogeneity (I2) was tested, and subgroup and correlation analyses were performed. RESULTS Out of 3099 records, 84 studies from 45 countries across all continents assessing 215 731 participants' COVID-19 KAP were included in this study. The estimated overall correct answers for knowledge, good attitude and good practice in this review were 75% (95% CI 72% to 77%), 74% (95% CI 71% to 77%) and 70% (95% CI 66% to 74%), respectively. Low-income countries, men, people aged below 30 years and people with 12 years of education or less had the lowest practice scores. Practice scores were below 60% in Africa and Europe/Oceania. Overall heterogeneity was high (I2 ≥98%), and publication bias was present (Egger's regression test, p<0.01). A positive significant correlation between knowledge and practice (r=0.314, p=0.006), and attitude and practice (r=0.348, p=0.004) was observed. CONCLUSIONS This study's findings call for community-based awareness programmes to provide a simple, clear and understandable message to reinforce knowledge especially regarding efficacy of the preventive measures in low and lower middle-income countries, and in Africa and Europe/Oceania, which will translate into good practice. Targeted intervention for men, people with low education, unemployed people and people aged below 30 years should be recommended. As most of the included studies were online surveys, underprivileged and remote rural people may have been missed out. Additional studies are needed to cover heterogeneous populations. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020203476.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodrun Naher Siddiquea
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aishwarya Shetty
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oashe Bhattacharya
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Afsana Afroz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Baki Billah
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Tadese M, Mihretie A. Attitude, preparedness, and perceived self-efficacy in controlling COVID-19 pandemics and associated factors among university students during school reopening. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255121. [PMID: 34473719 PMCID: PMC8412257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remains a significant public health problem globally. In Ethiopia, the number of infected peoples and deaths due to COVID-19 has increased dramatically in the past. Currently, students are resuming to face to face education with strict prevention measures. University students are more dynamic and more susceptible to acquiring and spreading the virus. Objective To assess the attitude, preparedness, and self-efficacy to prevent and control COVID-19 and associated factors among university students during school reopening, Northeast Ethiopia. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted among Debre Berhan University (DBU) students from December 1 to 15/2020, when students return to campus. A multistage sampling technique was applied to recruit 682 participants. The ReadyScore criteria were used to classify the level of preparedness. Epi-Data version 4.6 was used for data entry, while SPSS version 25 for analysis. Descriptive and Binary logistic regression analysis was computed, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result The overall level of favourable attitude, good preparedness, and high self-efficacy among students were 67.2%, 17.9%, and 50.4%, respectively. Only mothers’ education was associated with attitude. Female gender, open relationships, health science faculty, heart disease, and favourable attitude were significant preparedness factors. Whereas being undergraduate, parents’ education, residing in dorm being four and above, having kidney disease, having friend/family history of COVID-19 infection and death, favourable attitude, and good preparedness were predictors of self-efficacy. Conclusion The level of attitude, preparedness, and self-efficacy towards COVID-19 among students during campus re-entry were low. Managing chronic illnesses and raising the attitude and preparedness of students is essential to reduce the burden of COVID-19 pandemics. Besides, emphasis should be placed on male, unmarried, postgraduate, and non-health science students to increase the level of preparedness and self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Tadese
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Abebe Mihretie
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
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Zewude B, Melese B, Habtegiorgis T, Tadele M, Solomon W. Compliance With Protective Behavioral Recommendations in the Outbreak of COVID-19 Among People Working in the Urban-Based Informal Economy in Southern Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2021; 9:716814. [PMID: 34422754 PMCID: PMC8377721 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.716814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regardless of the advocacies made by the media and numerous organizations about the need for preventing the spread of COVID-19, there still exists a gap as far as compliance to regular implementation of the preventive mechanisms within communities is concerned. The purpose of the present study was, therefore, to examine compliance to personal protective behavioral recommendations to contain the spread of COVID-19 among urban residents engaged in the informal economic activities in Wolaita Sodo town, Southern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study design was used where quantitative data were collected through the survey research method. Three hundred and eighty-four participants of the urban-based informal economy were randomly selected and contacted in their own natural settings with an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were inserted into SPSS software for analysis that involved both descriptive and inferential statistics, including frequency and percentage distributions, binomial and multinomial logistic regressions. The results of the research indicated that only 35.4% of the respondents regularly wore a mask. In addition, 54.9% of the survey participants disclosed that they do not clean their hands with disinfectants after touching objects under circumstances where they cannot get access to water and soap. Moreover, the most commonly reported reason of respondents for non-compliance to regular wearing of a mask has been its inconvenience or discomfort (62.8%), followed by the need to appear indifferent because most people around them do not wear a mask (25.2%). Furthermore, experiences of the respondents of regularly wearing a mask are significantly associated with regular attendance of the media regarding the preventive mechanisms of COVID-19 (OR = 0.224; P < 0.001; 95%C.I: 0.109-0.460), knowledge of someone ever infected by COVID-19 (OR = 0.402; P < 0.05; 95%C.I: 0.190-0.851), the belief that COVID-19 causes a severe illness (OR = 0.444; P < 0.05; 95%C.I: 0.201-0.980), and perception of the likelihood of dying as a result of infection by COVID-19 (OR = 0.374; P < 0.01; 95% C.I: 0.197-0.711). The authors have found a low level of compliance to the recommended safety measures, especially wearing of masks. It is, therefore, important that continued efforts of raising awareness should be done by all the concerned bodies. Above all, urban safety net programs that aim at keeping such social groups at home, at least during the critical wave of the pandemic, should also be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bewunetu Zewude
- Department of Sociology, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Belayneh Melese
- Department of Civics and Ethical Studies, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia
| | | | - Mihret Tadele
- Department of Sociology, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia
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Shimels T. The Trend of Health Service Utilization and Challenges Faced During the COVID-19 Pandemic at Primary Units in Addis Ababa: A Mixed-Methods Study. Health Serv Res Manag Epidemiol 2021; 8:23333928211031119. [PMID: 34291123 PMCID: PMC8273870 DOI: 10.1177/23333928211031119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed an extraordinary challenge to the health and socio-economic facet of nations globally. Health facilities have encountered tremendous challenges to contain service delivery at all levels. This study aims to assess the trend of health service utilization and challenges faced during the COVID-19 pandemic at primary units in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method A multi-facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa between 1 and 30 of August 2020. A mixed-methods design was employed, and both quantitative and qualitative data were collected at 5 health centers. Facilities were selected randomly from 5 sub-cities while interviewees were recruited purposively. A structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from the HMIS units of each facility. Qualitative data was collected using a semi-structured key-informant interview guide. Quantitative data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel, and a 10-month time-series trend was generated. For the qualitative data, qualitative data analysis (QDA-minor) software was used. Results Time-series comparison of the pre-COVID-19 era loads with the COVID-19 period showed that there was an extensive disparity in the service delivery capacity of the health facilities. A huge drop in inpatient flow of some units such as PICT, VCT, FP services, and most sub-units of the OPDs has been recorded following the COVID-19 outbreak. The key-informant interview also revealed that such challenges, as fear of infection and stigma, poor infrastructure, challenges related to human resources, and challenges related to the supply of prevention and treatment inputs were prominently encountered at the health centers. Conclusion The COVID-19 wave has negatively impacted many service delivery points in the study settings. The presence of weak infrastructure, lack of PPEs, fear of the infection and stigma, and staff workload have been mentioned as the predominant challenges faced during the outbreak. Health authorities should arrange multifaceted supports to ensure uninterrupted service delivery at primary healthcare units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariku Shimels
- Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Africa
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Saqlain M, Ahmed A, Nabi I, Gulzar A, Naz S, Munir MM, Ahmed Z, Kamran S. Public Knowledge and Practices Regarding Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Cross-Sectional Survey From Pakistan. Front Public Health 2021; 9:629015. [PMID: 34026708 PMCID: PMC8133216 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.629015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Effective mitigation of coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) pandemic requires true adoption of precautionary measures by the masses, that primarily depends upon their knowledge and practices behaviors. The current study aimed to assess the knowledge; practices of Pakistani residents regarding COVID-19 and factors associated with adequate knowledge and positive practices. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from 15-April 2020 to 20 May 2020 among 689 Pakistanis by using a validated self-administered questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha 0.77). The questionnaire included questions on the assessment of demographics, the source of information, knowledge, and practice of COVID-19 on google forms and shared links with the WhatsApp groups, Facebook pages and other online platforms. Regression analysis was applied to find potential predictors of knowledge and practices. Results: Of 689 participants, 431 (62.6%) were male, 64.3% (n = 443) were aged <30 years, and\328 (47.6%) of participants were married. 48.19% (n = 332) had adequate knowledge; 81% (n = 555) had positive practices regarding COVID-19 and majority (66.62%, n = 459) seek knowledge from social media. Knowledge was significantly higher (OR > 1.00, p < 0.05) among educated and higher income participants. Positive practices were significantly (OR > 1.00, p < 0.05) related to the older age (≥50 years), higher education, higher income and good knowledge regarding COVID-19. Conclusion: The study concluded that Pakistani residents had average knowledge and good practices toward COVID-19 yet there are gaps in specific aspects of knowledge, and practice that should be focused in future awareness and educational campaigns. The study recommends the ministry of health authorities to promote all precautionary and preventive measures of COVID-19-consisting of a better-organized approach to all strata of society: less privileged people, older ones and less educated people, in order to have equilibrium of knowledge about COVID-19; hence effective implementation of precautionary measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqlain
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Bander Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Ijaz Nabi
- Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Gulzar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Bander Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Sahar Naz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Zaheer Ahmed
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Kamran
- Department of Pharmacy, Quid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Muslih M, Susanti HD, Rias YA, Chung MH. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Indonesian Residents toward COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4473. [PMID: 33922420 PMCID: PMC8122771 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic. We examined the KAP's relationship with factors associated with practice toward the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This cross-sectional survey study was conducted between March and April 2020 and included 1033 participants. Knowledge scores of COVID-19 were positively associated with wearing a mask when leaving home (odds ratio (OR): 1.22, p < 0.05). Although men had a lower knowledge score, they were less likely to go to a crowded place compared with women (OR: 0.79, p < 0.05). However, women (OR: 1.25, p < 0.05) were more likely than men to wear a mask when leaving home. Furthermore, men (OR: 3.32, p < 0.05) were more likely than women to have a positive attitude toward COVID-19. Indonesian residents had satisfactory knowledge, demonstrated a positive attitude, and followed appropriate practices toward the pandemic. More educated individuals had a more positive attitude. Men and women differed with respect to their knowledge-based practices. Men were less likely to go to crowded places, and women were more likely to wear a mask when leaving home. Furthermore, men were more likely to wear a mask when leaving home than women when men had the attitude that Indonesia can win against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Muslih
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (M.M.); (H.D.S.)
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Henny Dwi Susanti
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (M.M.); (H.D.S.)
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Yohanes Andy Rias
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, College of Nursing, Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata Kediri, Kediri 64114, Indonesia;
| | - Min-Huey Chung
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (M.M.); (H.D.S.)
- Department of Nursing, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
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