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Levy TM, Williams RD, Odum M, Housman JM, McDonald JD. Impact of COVID-19 stress on food insecurity and fruit and vegetable consumption among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1947-1954. [PMID: 35816739 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2098033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This cross-sectional study utilized structural equation modeling to examine effects of COVID-19 stress on food insecurity and fruit and vegetable consumption mediated through personal agency and behavioral intention. Participants: Students (n = 749) enrolled at one federally designated Hispanic-serving public university during the fall 2020 semester. Methods: A 34-item survey was developed and administered. Results: COVID-19 stress had a statistically significant impact on food insecurity (B = .341; p < .001) and an inverse impact on personal agency to consume fruit and vegetables (B = -.283; p < .001). Personal agency (B = .389; p < .001) and behavioral intention to consume fruit and vegetables were directly associated while food insecurity inversely impacted behavioral intention (B = -.076; p = .034). Conclusions: Pandemic-related stress impacts nutrition behaviors among the student population already at risk of poor fruit and vegetable intake. During periods of high pandemic-related stress, college students need adequate access to fruits and vegetables and health promotion programs emphasizing stress management and healthy dietary behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M Levy
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Ronald D Williams
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Mary Odum
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Jeff M Housman
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Jacquelyn D McDonald
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
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Salazar-Granizo YE, Hueso-Montoro C, Caparros-Gonzalez RA. Lifestyles and Academic Stress in University Students of Health Sciences: A Mixed-Methodology Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1384. [PMID: 39057527 PMCID: PMC11276596 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12141384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The global health emergency generated by the COVID-19 pandemic (caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus) led to the implementation of extraordinary measures such as confinement and isolation in many countries to mitigate the spread of the virus. (1) This study analyzes the lifestyles and academic and perceived stresses of university students of health sciences during the period of online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The relationship between lifestyles and academic stress was examined. (2) A parallel mixed-method convergent study was conducted, with a correlational non-experimental design. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed in parallel, with parametric and nonparametric testing for quantitative data and Miles and Huberman's approach to qualitative analysis. The qualitative findings complemented the quantitative results. The number of students who participated in this study was 2734, from six programs in health, nursing, medicine, clinical laboratory, physiotherapy, dentistry, and clinical psychology at the University of Chimborazo, Ecuador. (3) Overall, the health science students had "Unhealthy or health-compromising lifestyles", medical students being the ones who have healthier lifestyles. However, more than 80% experienced and perceived stress during the period of online learning and social isolation due to the pandemic, women being the ones who experienced it at a higher level. (4) The online learning modality during the COVID-19 pandemic modified lifestyles and generated stress in health science students, due to changes in daily routines, sedentary lifestyle, and stress, as a result of social isolation. Therefore, the students prefer face-to-face teaching, perceived as enabling more enriching interactions with their teachers and peers and the opportunity to develop essential practical skills in their health practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda E. Salazar-Granizo
- Doctorate Program in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs-GRANADA), 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.H.-M.); (R.A.C.-G.)
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Chimborazo, Riobamba 060101, Ecuador
| | - Cesar Hueso-Montoro
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs-GRANADA), 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.H.-M.); (R.A.C.-G.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior Research (CIMCYC), 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael A. Caparros-Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs-GRANADA), 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.H.-M.); (R.A.C.-G.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Çunkuş Köktaş N, Keskin G, Taşdemir Yiğitoğlu G. Evaluation of Internet Addiction and Relational Variables Among Nursing Students in Turkey During the COVID-19 Pandemic. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2024; 51:388-399. [PMID: 38345029 DOI: 10.1177/10901981241230497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
It is known that individuals use the internet more to escape from the psychological problems they encounter in daily life during the pandemic. Besides, it is also known that individuals with personality traits such as neuroticism and extraversion might be prone to internet addiction due to poor communication skills. It is important to determine the relationship between the internet usage characteristics and the mental state of nursing students so that students can provide better quality health services in their education and professional processes. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between internet addiction and personality traits, stress, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms among nursing students during the pandemic. This study includes 528 nursing students. The Young's Internet Addiction Test (YIAT), the Vancouver Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (VOCI), the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were used for data collection between August and October 2021. It was found that there was a statistically significant and positive correlation between the students' YIAT mean scores and the EPI neuroticism sub-dimension, VOCI all sub-dimensions, and PSS mean scores (p < .05). In addition, the mean scores of the PSS and EPI were predictors of the YIAT total score (R = .550, R2 = .233, p < .05). Considering these results, it is necessary to prevent the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychosocial health of individuals. Psychological counseling can be offered to provide protective factors during the pandemic period.
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Al-Hammouri MM. The Role of Dominant Spiritual and Religious Coping Modality on Psychological Predictors Among Nursing Students. J Holist Nurs 2024:8980101241255160. [PMID: 38772631 DOI: 10.1177/08980101241255160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: The current study aimed to examine the role of the dominant spiritual and religious coping modality on health-related variables and determinants, including stress overload, mindfulness, and impulsivity, among nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to achieve the study goal. The authors recruited 1199 nursing students. The results showed that the mean for positive spiritual and religious coping was higher compared to negative spiritual and religious coping. Results: In the current study, 73.3% of nursing students predominantly used positive spiritual and religious coping compared to 17.6% in the neutral group and 9.1% in the negative spiritual and religious coping group. Positive spiritual and religious coping was positively correlated with mindfulness and stress overload and negatively correlated with impulsivity. According to the ANOVA results, students with positive spiritual and religious coping tended to have a significantly higher stress overload, higher mindfulness, and lower impulsivity compared to the neutral and negative spiritual and coping groups. Negative spiritual and religious coping group significantly differed from the neutral groups only in terms of impulsivity. Conclusion: The current study's findings help nursing students by determining dominant spiritual and religious coping modalities and provide valuable information in directing counseling efforts. Results and implications were discussed.
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Schiros A, Rother Y, Wilcutt EG, Flory KH, Canu WH, Stevens A, Antshel KM. College during COVID-19: The pandemic's effect on college adjustment in first year students with ADHD. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38743863 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2338427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The current study aims to compare college adjustment and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on first-year students with and without ADHD. Participants: Two cohorts (pre-pandemic, during the pandemic) of first-year, undergraduate college students (N = 3,006; Mage=18.32) were recruited from a multisite research consortium across several universities. Methods: First-year participants self-reported on ADHD diagnosis and symptoms, functional impairments, and experiences transitioning to college. Results: First-year college students with and without ADHD reported significantly greater academic, daily living, and overall functional impairments during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic. Compared to college students without ADHD, college students with ADHD reported greater functional impairment, more difficulty adjusting to the academic demands of college, and were less likely to feel valued at their institution. Conclusions: First-year college students with and without ADHD experienced greater difficulties navigating the transition to college during the pandemic. Psychosocial and academic supports to help students transition to college are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Schiros
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Yvette Rother
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Erik G Wilcutt
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kate H Flory
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Will H Canu
- Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, Boone, SC, USA
| | - Anne Stevens
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Kevin M Antshel
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Pham Thi TD, Duong NT. Investigating learning burnout and academic performance among management students: a longitudinal study in English courses. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:219. [PMID: 38650026 PMCID: PMC11036769 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01725-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to move away from the cross-sectional approach related to burnout and conduct a longitudinal study to explore the factors influencing learning burnout among management students. The study primarily adopts a questionnaire survey, with students majoring in business management. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM) are used to analyze the data and validate the hypotheses. The findings are: (1) There is a significant negative relationship between English anxiety and self-efficacy and a significant positive relationship between past English learning performance and self-efficacy. (2) The changes in self-efficacy are negatively related to the changes in burnout, while the changes in workload are positively related to the changes in burnout. Additionally, there is a positive relationship between English anxiety and learning burnout. (3) There is a significant negative relationship between English learning performance and burnout. The direct impact of self-efficacy on English learning performance is not supported, but it has an indirect effect through the mediating role of burnout. The study proposes strategies to improve student outcomes and well-being: (1) making English courses more engaging to boost performance and confidence, reducing learning burnout; (2) encouraging and supporting students to enhance self-efficacy and motivation; (3) assigning tasks seen as useful and interesting to lessen perceived workload and emotional exhaustion; (4) and considering English anxiety in admissions to decrease learning burnout, especially as schools gain more autonomy in their policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Dung Pham Thi
- Department of Science, Technology and International Projects, Ho Chi Minh City University of Economics and Finance (UEF), 141-145 Dien Bien Phu, Ward 15, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nam Tien Duong
- Department of Science, Technology and International Projects, Ho Chi Minh City University of Economics and Finance (UEF), 141-145 Dien Bien Phu, Ward 15, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Aria A, Jafari P, Behifar M. Identification of factors affecting student academic burnout in online education during the COVID-19 pandemic using grey Delphi and grey-DEMATEL techniques. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3989. [PMID: 38368462 PMCID: PMC10874453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus outbreak caused most education institutions to shift to online education. One of the consequences of the pandemic and spread of online education was the prevalence of academic burnout among students has been students' academic burnout. Accordingly, it is necessary to identify the influential factors to reduce burnout. This study aimed to identify the factors affecting academic burnout and their cause-effect relationships. For this purpose, to conduct the gray Delphi technique, a questionnaire was administered to a randomly selected sample consisted of 86 graduate students of the Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch. In addition, a randomly selected sample of 37 graduate students filled a matrix questionnaire Collected data were analyzed using the Gray-DEMATEL technique. As a result of Gray Delphi screening, out of the 43 sub-factors identified, six sub-factors were eliminated and 37 sub-factors in 7 main factors were determined as factors affecting students' academic burnout. Analysis of the collected data using the Grey-DEMATEL technique revealed that among the seven main factors, Technology infrastructure, institutional facilities, and faculty characteristics are in the net cause category, respectively. The classroom environment and course structure, the social-emotional factor, the characteristics of students, and the home and family environment are in the net effect category. Technology infrastructure is the most influential factor that affects other factors. Identifying effective factors and the causal relationships between them have significant implications for policymakers and academic planners to prevent and reduce student burnout in online environment by focusing on the most influential factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Aria
- CIS Department, Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University, 35 Broad St. NW, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Parivash Jafari
- Department of Educational Administration, School of Management and Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Behifar
- Department of Technology Management, School of Management and Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Jamil B, Su J. Multidimensional social support and associations between COVID-19 stress and depressive/anxiety outcomes among Hispanic/Latinx and White first-year college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38227914 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2299413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to greater depression and anxiety among college students. Social support may alleviate this risk. We examined how social support from family, friends, and romantic partners may influence internalizing psychopathology outcomes associated with COVID-19-related stressful events. Participants: Participants were first-years (N = 425, 34.8% Hispanic/Latinx, 74.9% female) enrolled in a United States public university. Methods: Participants completed an online survey in Fall of 2020. Linear regression models examined associations between COVID-19 stressors, social support, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and differences between White and Hispanic/Latinx students. Results: Reported COVID-19 stressors were associated with elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms and higher among Hispanic/Latinx students. Family and friend support were negatively associated with both internalizing outcomes. Partner support was negatively associated with depression and more predictive among White students whereas friend support was for Hispanic/Latinx students' anxiety. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the importance of social connectedness during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal Jamil
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jinni Su
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Iskender MD, Gülsoy A, Özcan E, Uyan Y. The effect of fear of contagion/being contagious on depression, anxiety and stress levels of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Clin Nurs 2024; 33:192-202. [PMID: 36536514 PMCID: PMC9877842 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students are generally quite active in social life. It is thought that their fear of contagion/being contagious will affect their depression, anxiety and stress levels due to the removal of restrictions and the increase in individual responsibilities. This study aims to determine the effect of fear of contagion/being contagious on depression, anxiety and stress levels of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This study, descriptive and cross-sectional. Quantitative data were collected using the Demographic Information Form, the Fear of Contagion/Transmission Scale and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale. The sample included 3500 participants. Descriptive statistics were used for the presentation of the results. The STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies was used in this study. RESULTS This study revealed that the depression, anxiety and stress levels of university students were above normal, and these results were mostly associated with females, those with a chronic disease and high fear of contagion/being contagious. CONCLUSION The findings of this study may be useful for precautionary plans to support the psychological health of university students after the COVID-19 pandemic and in the fight against possible new pandemics. Considering the findings of our study, educational programs should be planned for youth in general and university students in particular to deal with depression, anxiety, stress and fears. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The depression, anxiety and stress levels of university students were above normal. As the fear of contamination and contagion increases, the level of depression, anxiety and stress increases. Those with chronic diseases have high levels of depression, anxiety and stress. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Research data were collected through an online questionnaire. Data collection tools were prepared on Google Forms, and then, links were shared with student groups over social media. Students shared the link on their social platforms, allowing it to reach wider audiences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmet Gülsoy
- Department of First and Emergency Aid, Taşköprü Vocational SchoolKastamonu UniversityKastamonuTurkey
| | - Ebru Özcan
- Department of First and Emergency Aid, Taşköprü Vocational SchoolKastamonu UniversityKastamonuTurkey
| | - Yusuf Uyan
- Department of First and Emergency Aid, Taşköprü Vocational SchoolKastamonu UniversityKastamonuTurkey
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Abu Hasan NI, Ganggayah MD, Suhaimi S, Abu Hasan N, Jamal NF. Mediating Effects of Fear on Mental Health among Undergraduate Students during Open Distance Learning. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:91-107. [PMID: 38239247 PMCID: PMC10793133 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.6.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Online distance learning (ODL) known as the flexible learning environment can trigger a negative impact on students' mental health. The study aimed to identify the influence of fear as mediator between mental health problem and university students' perception on ODL. Methods This is a cross-sectional study involving a convenient sampling of 258 undergraduate students. Self-administered structured questionnaires adapted from the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), were used to assess the severity of psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety and stress) and fear. The perception towards ODL is also designed to assess the students' perception related to ODL implementation. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). Results Overall, 84.2%, 95.0% and 67.4% of the participants experienced moderate to very severe level of depression, anxiety and stress, respectively. In addition, 82.6% of them suffering with moderate to extreme level of fear, of which 81.8% of participants had a negative view on ODL. The results of SEM-PLS revealed that there are complementary partial mediation effects of fear on the relationship between depression and students' perception during ODL (β = 0.502, t-value = 0.828, P-value = 0.017). The anxiety (β = 0.353, t-value = 5.401, P-value = 0.000) and stress (β = 0.542, t-value = 8.433, P-value = 0.000) have directly influenced on fear. Conclusion This study demonstrated that university students had the prevalence of psychological symptoms and fear during ODL. In line with this, fear contributes significantly to the mental health status of university students and has negatively impacted the students' perception during ODL implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhasniza Idham Abu Hasan
- School of Mathematical Sciences Studies, College of Computing, Informatics and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mogana Darshini Ganggayah
- Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics, School of Business, Monash University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Suzainiwati Suhaimi
- BDP Global Services Sdn. Bhd., Menara Takaful Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurhasnira Abu Hasan
- Department of Research, Development and Innovation, Universiti Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Faezah Jamal
- School of Mathematical Sciences Studies, College of Computing, Informatics and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak, Malaysia
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Zheng Z, Zhao W, Zhou Q, Yang Y, Chen S, Hu J, Jiang W, Zhang W, Cai J, Qiu J. Sex differences in depression, anxiety and health-promoting lifestyles among community residents: A network approach. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:369-378. [PMID: 37499917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have studied sex differences in typical depressive and anxiety symptoms and their cooccurrence. The World Health Organization (WHO) proposed a mental health promotion objective that suggests considering protective health-promoting factors when developing strategies for preventing mental disorders between sexes. From a network perspective, psychopathology is viewed as a result of interacting symptoms and influential factors. This study adopted network approach to investigate sex differences in health-promoting lifestyles (HPL) and the cooccurrence symptoms of communities in Shanghai. The aim is to provide health-promoting suggestions on better enhancing the life quality for community members. METHODS Depression, anxiety symptoms, and HPL were assessed with PHQ-9, GAD-7 and HPLP-II scales in 2420 adults (1411 females). Networks were constructed by Gaussian Graphical Models and the networks of two sexes using the Network Comparison Test. RESULTS Females scored significantly higher on PHQ-9 (p < 0.001) and GAD-7 (p < 0.001), and no differences were found between the two sexes in HPL scores. Restlessness and low energy yielded the highest strength centrality in the female network, while suicide ideation and restlessness were central in male network. Regarding protective HPL, physical activity and stress management were identified as the central mental health-promoting behaviours in female and male network, respectively. However, stress management was positively related to suicide ideation in the male network. CONCLUSION Communities should be aware of suicide ideation in males because of its high relationships with other symptoms and also provide stress management courses, especially for males. As for women, chronic energy deficiency deserves more attention for its high probability of cooccurrence with other symptoms in the network. Also, advocating physical activities may be particularly beneficial for the overall mental health among women. Future study should collect time-series data and analyze intraindividual networks to specify personalized health promoting strategies for each individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zheng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenqing Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Shanghai Xuhui Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangyi Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Shanghai Xuhui Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibo Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyin Qiu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Tam CC, Ye Z, Wang Y, Li X, Lin D. Self-care behaviors, drinking, and smoking to cope with psychological distress during COVID-19 among Chinese college students: the role of resilience. Psychol Health 2023; 38:1174-1193. [PMID: 34892991 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.2007913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE College students are vulnerable to psychological distress during COVID-19 due to pandemic-related stressors. In response to psychological distress, college students engage in various coping behaviors, such as self-care behaviors and substance use. The transactional model of stress and coping depicts a cognitive appraisal process in the stress-coping association. Psychological resilience is an essential factor for the cognitive appraisal. This study aimed to investigate the mediation effects of resilience on psycho-behavioral health in response to COVID-19 stressors. DESIGN Longitudinal data were collected from 1,225 Chinese college students via web-based anonymous surveys at wave 1 (T1, between Jan 31 and Feb 11, 2020) and wave 2 (T2, between Mar 20 and Apr 3, 2020). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants reported their COVID-19 stressors (T1), resilience (T1), psychological distress (depression and anxiety; T2), and coping behaviors (self-care behaviors, drinking, and smoking; T2). Path analysis was used for data analyses. RESULTS Resilience mediated the association between COVID-19 stressors and psychological distress. Resilience together with psychological distress mediated the association of COVID-19 stressors with self-care behaviors or drinking. CONCLUSIONS Resilience appears to offer protection that promotes psycho-behavioral health in college students in the face of COVID-19 stressors. Interventions for college students should attend to resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk Chi Tam
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Zhi Ye
- Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Danhua Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Bhagwan R, Rowkith S. An exploratory study of the experiences of emergency medical care (EMC) students transitioning through the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:281. [PMID: 37849877 PMCID: PMC10578539 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1278_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic coalesced into increased mental health problems, particularly anxiety, stress, and depression for university students. Students from the emergency medical care (EMC) department encountered these difficulties, more intensely, particularly those in WIL or clinical placements, as they worked at the interface of illness, trauma, and grief during the pandemic. While empirical research has burgeoned in relation to healthcare practitioners within this context, little exists on EMC students at South African higher education institutions (HEIs), within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative study aimed to explore the academic and psychosocial challenges experienced by EMC students, as they transitioned through the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing lockdown during 2021. MATERIALS AND METHODS A qualitative approach with an exploratory descriptive design was used to guide the study. A sample of students from all levels of the EMC Department in the Faculty of Health Sciences was recruited. This was done using non-probability sampling techniques, which includes purposive sampling. Data saturation was reached after interviewing 15 participants using a virtual platform. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Our results revealed five broad themes and six subthemes which reflected the psychosocial experiences that EMC students faced. The themes and (subthemes) included encountering COVID-19 during WIL or clinical, infection or loss of loved ones, psychological effects of living and working at the interface of COVID-19 (negative emotional toll of the pandemic, misinformation, isolation and social disconnectedness, and sense of responsibility/duty to work) and disruption to academic life (online learning challenges and challenges related to clinical training experiences) and financial impact of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggested that there is a critical need for HEIs to develop strategies that ensure EMC students' well-being amidst their academic journey within the context of the pandemic. This study will therefore assist EMC departments at higher education institutions to formulate strategies in relation to the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisuyah Bhagwan
- Community Health Studies-Child and Youth Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ritson Campus, Durban University of Technology, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Shannal Rowkith
- Community Health Studies-Child and Youth Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ritson Campus, Durban University of Technology, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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14
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Vengurlekar IN, Thudi KR. College Student Video Gaming: Risk or Resilience for Mental Health? Psychol Rep 2023:332941231196551. [PMID: 37599388 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231196551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Video gaming has become a popular method of entertainment for college students. Previous work indicates mixed results regarding the link between video gaming and mental health outcomes. However, little research has addressed how different genres of video games might produce various mental health outcomes. The current study examined whether video game genre enjoyment moderated the links between time spent playing video games and anxiety and stress in college students. College students responded to measures assessing various components of mental health indicating their engagement with various genres of video games. Results indicated no evidence of moderation in all genres of video games. The only significant association to emerge was that of time spent playing life simulation games and anxiety. Our findings demonstrate a minimal influence of video gaming on stress and anxiety levels among college students. Discussed are rationales for the null results and future directions for video game focused research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan N Vengurlekar
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Koushik R Thudi
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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15
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Yotsidi V, Nikolatou EK, Kourkoutas E, Kougioumtzis GA. Mental distress and well-being of university students amid COVID-19 pandemic: findings from an online integrative intervention for psychology trainees. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1171225. [PMID: 37519360 PMCID: PMC10374453 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1171225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction University students have been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, as significant changes supervened their academic and social life. To tackle these challenges, several adjustments in the educational methods may be warranted for cultivating a positive environment at higher education institutions. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk and protective factors of students' mental health and well-being as well as their potential for flourishing in an undergraduate clinical psychology course that took place online due to the COVID-19 restrictive measures and incorporated positive psychology exercises as a means to empower young people amid the adverse conditions of the lockdown. Methods In total, 124 students attended the course and completed mental health (i.e., DASS-9, HADS, ERQ) and well-being (i.e., MHC-SF, SWLS, PANAS, GQ-6, BRS) measures at two time points (pre-and-post-test), during the first restrictions in Greece (March-June 2020). Results According to the results, students aged 18-20 years old reported higher levels of stress [χ2 = 14.72, p = 0.002], while students who felt that the quality of their studies had deteriorated [χ2 = 6.57, p = 0.038] reported increased levels of anxiety. High levels of depression were correlated with worse relationships with significant others (z = 7.02, p = 0.030 and χ2 = 11.39, p = 0.003 for family and friends, respectively), while gratitude and resilience were positively correlated with improved relationships with others, both during and after the lockdown. Factors associated with students' well-being were satisfaction with life and gratitude. Discussion These results suggest that well-being enhancement factors may have added value to current educational practices for promoting students' mental health and well-being in times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Yotsidi
- Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Elias Kourkoutas
- Department of Primary Education, Research Center for the Humanities, Social and Education Sciences, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece
| | - Georgios A. Kougioumtzis
- Department of Turkish Studies, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Psychology, Neapolis University Pafos, Pafos, Cyprus
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16
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Gurung RAR, Byers S, Grapentine J, Stone A. I Believe I Can Try: Self-Efficacy, Pandemic Behaviors, Coping, and Learning. PSYCHOLOGY LEARNING AND TEACHING-PLAT 2023; 22:124-136. [PMID: 38603456 PMCID: PMC9922645 DOI: 10.1177/14757257231155250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
While colleges and universities grapple with delivering instruction face-to-face during the pandemic, there is still a lot to learn from remote teaching experiences. The present study aimed to predict self-reported learning during the first year of the pandemic. Building on previous scholarship on the topic, we focus on the moderating effects of self-efficacy, and the mediating effects of coping styles on the relationship between stress and self-reported learning experiences. We also included self-perceptions of class effort, the instructor, and changes in class, personal, professor, and health behaviors. Students (N = 272) in Introductory Psychology classes participated in an online survey as part of a class research requirement. Analyses demonstrated that self-efficacy predicted differences in many measures associated with learning and predicted learning over and above all other variables entered in a hierarchical regression. The relationship between stress and learning was mediated by coping, but not moderated by self-efficacy. These results suggest student beliefs about their ability to perform online are important to learning outcomes, but coping mechanisms mediate the relationship of stress and learning. Especially while teaching during pandemic times using different modalities, instructors will do well to directly address students' perceptions of their own ability and build self-efficacy.
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17
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Cena E, Toner P, McParland A, Burns S, Dudgeon K. Studying and Learning Psychology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Approach on Students' Perspectives of Psychological Well-being and Adjustment to Studying Online. PSYCHOLOGY LEARNING AND TEACHING-PLAT 2023; 22:137-158. [PMID: 38602925 PMCID: PMC10140764 DOI: 10.1177/14757257231169938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Background: The challenges presented by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in higher education pressured learners and instructors to incorporate online emergent learning which presented several well-being and academic challenges to students. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of studying online to students' well-being. Methods: A mixed methods approach was followed for this study. Eighty students completed an online survey that measured their stress level of studying online, and 13 semistructured interviews were conducted at Queen's University Belfast. Results: Findings suggest that online learning under such circumstances increased students' level of stress due to a number of perceived factors. Our findings also reveal the journey of student adjustment to online learning, reflecting the flexibility of blended learning as a long-term pedagogical strategy in universities, necessary for University's survival. Conclusion: As demonstrated in this study, after the initial difficulties of moving to online learning which had negative impacts on students learning and well-being, students subsequently adjusted to the online learning environment documenting students' adaptability to a new learning environment and highlighting student resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elida Cena
- School of Psychology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Paul Toner
- School of Psychology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Aideen McParland
- School of Psychology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Stephanie Burns
- School of Psychology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Katrin Dudgeon
- School of Psychology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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18
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Futch W, Gordon NS, Gerdes AC. Student wellness: Interest and program ideas & pilot of a student wellness program. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37289966 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2214241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To increase our knowledge related to student wellness programs, the current studies examined interest in wellness and wellness programs among university students and piloted a newly developed wellness program targeting students in higher education. Participants/Methods: In Study 1, 93 undergraduate students answered questions related to their wellness and mental health (e.g. psychological wellbeing, satisfaction with life, optimism, and stress) and to wellness programs (e.g. interest, barriers, duration, and topics). In Study 2, 13 undergraduate and graduate students participated in a 9-week pilot wellness program focused on specific wellness topics (e.g. relaxation, yoga, gratitude and self-compassion, and emotion regulation). Results/Conclusions: Study 1 results support a strong interest in wellness and wellness programs among undergraduate students. Study 2 results suggest that students who participated in an on-campus wellness program reported higher levels of overall psychological wellbeing and optimism and lower levels of mental health issues relative to baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Futch
- Psychology Department, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nakia S Gordon
- Psychology Department, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alyson C Gerdes
- Psychology Department, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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19
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Nedić Grujin K, Lužaić T, Pezo L, Nikolovski B, Maksimović Z, Romanić R. Sunflower Oil Winterization Using the Cellulose-Based Filtration Aid-Investigation of Oil Quality during Industrial Filtration Probe. Foods 2023; 12:2291. [PMID: 37372502 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Waxes, phospholipids, free fatty acids, peroxides, aldehydes, soap, trace metals and moisture present in crude sunflower oil have a negative effect on the oil quality and are, therefore, removed during the refining process. Waxes crystallizing at low temperatures are removed during winterization by cooling and filtration. Waxes have poor filtration characteristics and an industrial filtration process must be enhanced by the use of filtration aids, which improve filter cake structure and properties, and consequently prolong the filtration cycle. Today, traditional filtration aids (diatomite, perlite, etc.) being used in the industry are frequently replaced by cellulose-based aids. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of oil filtration assisted by two cellulose-based filtration aids on the chemical parameters (wax, moisture, phospholipids, soaps, and fatty acids), oil transparency, carotenoids, and Fe and Cu content of sunflower oil obtained in an industrial horizontal pressure leaf filter. In order to investigate the mentioned parameters, the following techniques were used: gravimetric (waxes and moisture content), spectrophotometric (phospholipids and carotenoid content and oil transparency), volumetric (soaps and free fatty acids content) as well as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for Fe and Cu content. An artificial neural network model (ANN) was employed for the prediction of removal efficiency based on the chemical quality, oil transparency, Fe and Cu content in oils before filtration, as well as filtration aid quantity and filtration time. Cellulose-based filtration aids had multiple beneficial effects; on average, 99.20% of waxes, 74.88% of phospholipids, 100% of soap, 7.99% of carotenoids, 16.39% of Fe and 18.33% of Cu were removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Nedić Grujin
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Dijamant Ltd., Temišvarski drum 14, 23000 Zrenjanin, Serbia
| | - Tanja Lužaić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Lato Pezo
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12/V, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislava Nikolovski
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zoran Maksimović
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ranko Romanić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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20
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Rahiman HU, Panakaje N, Kulal A, Harinakshi, Parvin SMR. Perceived academic stress during a pandemic: Mediating role of coping strategies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16594. [PMID: 37287604 PMCID: PMC10232934 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 rampant has impacted almost all sections of society, and the repercussions were mostly negative experiences for people and have resulted by way of disruption in their daily routines. Academics is one such vital section that has suffered directly because of the inaccessibility of a comfortable educational procedure. Due to a shift in the form of education, most of the student community failed to obtain routine and regular education as the government entirely shuttered educational facilities to limit the spread of disease. In this light, this research attempted to examine the amount of academic stress experienced by students during the COVID-19 Pandemic and the strategies they have adopted to cope with this unheard type of uncertain situation. The findings of the study indicated substantial variations in Academic Stress, Exam Anxiety, and Coping Strategies across various demographic characteristics of the respondents. Another significant finding is that students from poor socio-economic backgrounds and those seeking post-graduate courses are more stressed. As an inference, it is also opined that to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on student performance and psychological well-being, special focus, or techniques for accommodating exam environments by the student should be implemented. To minimize stress, the study also proposed efficient coping techniques to lower the amount of stress in various academic tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niyaz Panakaje
- The Yenepoya Institute of Arts, Science, Commerce & Management, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, 575018, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhinandan Kulal
- Guest Faculty, Department of Commerce, University Evening College, Mangaluru, India
| | - Harinakshi
- Research Scholar, Institute of Management and Commerce, Srinivas University, Mangalore, India
| | - S M Riha Parvin
- Institute of Management and Commerce, Srinivas University, Mangalore, India
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21
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Olatunji EA, Ogunsola A, Elenwa F, Udeh M, Oginni I, Nmadu Y, Callaghan T. COVID-19: Academic, Financial, and Mental Health Challenges Faced by International Students in the United States Due to the Pandemic. Cureus 2023; 15:e41081. [PMID: 37519560 PMCID: PMC10375931 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Many international students often face challenges regarding their mental health, finances, and academics. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak may have presented unprecedented challenges to many foreign students in these aspects. Our study examined the academic, financial, and mental health challenges encountered by international students residing in the United States due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It also examined the association between the mental health of the respondents and the academic and financial challenges they encountered. Method The study involved international students enrolled at Texas A&M University, who identified themselves as non-US citizens or non-permanent residents. We conducted a cross-sectional study by using Qualtrics® to explore the three domains of the study. Questions included in previous studies were modified to assess the academic and financial status while the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) score was used to assess the mental health of the respondents. We presented descriptive statistics for all domains and used an ordered logistic regression to further analyze the effect of the other domains on the mental health of the respondents. Results Of the 281 respondents, the majority (79%) experienced challenges with online classes; 91% reported having negative emotions and some students (24%) lost funding due to the pandemic. The inability to pay bills resulted in a three-fold increase in the likelihood of reporting higher mental distress [adjusted odds ratios (aOR): 3.051, 95% CI: 1.665-5.591; p<0.001], and experiencing academic challenges led to a seven-fold increase in the likelihood of reporting higher mental distress (aOR: 7.236, 95% CI: 3.168-12.530; p<0.001). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic posed a major challenge to international students and its impact on the mental health of the participants was aggravated by concurrent academic and financial hardships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eniola A Olatunji
- Health Policy and Management, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, USA
| | - Ayobami Ogunsola
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, USA
| | - Faith Elenwa
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, USA
| | - Mercy Udeh
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, USA
| | - Ifeoluwa Oginni
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, USA
| | - Yeka Nmadu
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, USA
| | - Timothy Callaghan
- Health Policy and Management, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, USA
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22
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Duan W, Ding Q, Peng S, Kang Q, Guo L, Zhang L, Wei Y, Xiao Z, Fan J, Chen J. Chinese university students showed less disordered eating during the COVID-19 campus lockdown. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:47. [PMID: 37243772 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01569-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rapid spread of the Omicron variant of COVID-19 in China had resulted in campus lockdown in many universities since February 2022, profoundly affecting students' daily lives. Campus lockdown conditions differ considerably from home quarantine, so that the eating patterns of university students may be different. Thus, the current study aimed to: (1) investigate university students' eating patterns during campus lockdown; (2) identify factors associated with their disordered eating. METHOD An online survey about recent life changes, disordered eating, stress, depression, and anxiety was carried out from April 8th to May 16th, 2022. A total of 2541 responses from 29 provinces/cities of China were received. RESULTS 2213 participants were included in the main analysis, and other 86 participants were analyzed separately as a subgroup due to their diagnosis of eating disorder. Participants who were undergoing campus lockdown (the lockdown group) showed less disordered eating than those who had never been in campus lockdown (the never-lockdown group), as well as those who had experienced campus lockdown before (the once-lockdown group). However, they perceived more stress and felt more depressed. Being female, higher BMI, gaining weight, increasing exercise, spending more time on social media, higher level of depression and anxiety were all related to disordered eating in the lockdown group. CONCLUSIONS Disordered eating among Chinese university students was less prevalent during campus lockdown due to the strict and regular diet. However, there is a potential risk of "revenge eating" after campus lockdown ends. Thus, there should be further tracking and related prevention. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, uncontrolled trials without any interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Duan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | | | - Sufang Peng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Qing Kang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yaohui Wei
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zeping Xiao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Juan Fan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Jue Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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23
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Sebastião R, Neto DD, Costa V. Understanding Differential Stress and Mental Health Reactions to COVID-19-Related Events. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105819. [PMID: 37239546 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the pandemic on mental health can be studied through different variables, such as the number of COVID-19 stressors, the stressor types, and the stress responses. Understanding the sources of mental strain is crucial for developing effective interventions. The present study analyzed the relationship between these COVID-19-related variables and positive and negative mental health. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 666 individuals from the Portuguese general population, mostly females (65.5%) between 16-93 years old. They completed self-report measures regarding the number of COVID-19 stressors, the stressor types, the stress responses (IES-R), and positive (MHC-SF) and negative mental health (BSI-18). The results demonstrated that a higher number of COVID-19-experienced stressors and more stress responses were related to worse mental health. Regarding stressor types, experiences not related to the COVID-19 infection (e.g., tension at home) presented the largest effects on mental health. The strongest predictor was the stress responses for negative (β = 0.50) and positive mental health (β = -0.17). The predictors explained more about negative mental health than positive. These findings support the idea that individual appraisals play a crucial role in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sebastião
- School of Psychology, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal
- APPsyCI-Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Dias Neto
- School of Psychology, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal
- APPsyCI-Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vasco Costa
- School of Psychology, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal
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24
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Kim D, Woo Y, Song J, Son S. The relationship between faculty interactions, sense of belonging, and academic stress: a comparative study of the post-COVID-19 college life of Korean and international graduate students in South Korea. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1169826. [PMID: 37234213 PMCID: PMC10206134 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1169826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Rapid changes in post-COVID-19 higher education have increased students' academic stress. This study focused on graduate students' academic stress in South Korea and compared the results for Korean graduate students and those for international graduate students. Method Using the online survey results, the study verified the relationships between faculty interactions, a sense of belonging, and academic stress among Korean and international graduate students using a mediating effects analysis and a multigroup path analysis. Results The results were as follows. First, Korean students experienced greater academic stress, faculty interactions, and a sense of belonging, but no statistically significant difference was observed. Second, a sense of belonging had a mediating effect on the relationship between faculty interactions and academic stress. Unlike in previous studies, all paths were found to be statistically significant. Faculty interactions had a negative effect on academic stress and a positive effect on a sense of belonging. A sense of belonging had a negative effect on academic stress. Third, the comparison of Korean and international graduate students showed that international students had a greater effect of faculty interactions on academic stress. Conclusion Through these results, we explored the post-COVID-19 academic lives of Korean and international graduate students in South Korea and built grounds for effective interventions for alleviating academic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongil Kim
- Department of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeyoung Woo
- Department of Counseling Psychology, Korea Soongsil Cyber University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jusuk Song
- Department of Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Subin Son
- Department of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Lee SH, Lee KT. The impact of pandemic-related stress on attentional bias and anxiety in alexithymia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6327. [PMID: 37072486 PMCID: PMC10112327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had negative consequences for mental health, yet it is unknown how and to what extent the psychological outcomes of this stressful event are moderated by individual traits. Alexithymia is a risk factor for psychopathology, and thus likely predicted individual differences in resilience or vulnerability to stressful events during the pandemic. This study explored the moderating role of alexithymia in the relationships of pandemic-related stress with anxiety levels and attentional bias. The participants were 103 Taiwanese individuals who completed a survey during the outbreak of the Omicron wave. Additionally, an emotional Stroop task including pandemic-related or neutral stimuli was used to measure attentional bias. Our results demonstrate that pandemic-related stress had a lesser impact on anxiety in individuals with a higher level of alexithymia. Moreover, we found that in individuals with higher exposure to pandemic-related stressors, a higher level of alexithymia indicated less attentional bias toward COVID-19-related information. Thus, it is plausible that individuals with alexithymia tended to avoid pandemic-related information, which could temporarily relieve stressors during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hui Lee
- Center for General Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Te Lee
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Shekhar SK. Investigating the mediating effect of anxiety and fear of a third wave of COVID-19 among students in South India. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2023; 181:330-335. [PMID: 36068844 PMCID: PMC9436894 DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, which is a global health emergency, has potentiality had a serious impact on students' mental health. An online cross-sectional survey design that included 534 senior year college students from South India revealed a significant and direct positive effect of the fear of a third wave of COVID-19 on academic anxiety which in turn showed a significant and direct positive effect on COVID-19 burnout. Academic anxiety was also found to mediate the relationship between the fear of a third wave of COVID-19 and subsequent cases of burnout. The study suggested measures to be taken by policy makers for the broader interest and wellbeing of student communities. Managerial implications, limitations and future studies were also examined in the paper.
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Samuolis J, Higley E, Leone J. Stress and Coping among College Students during a COVID-19 Red Alert Status on Campus. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2023.2186985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Singhal S, Prakash N. A narrative inquiry into the meaning of career identity of Indian emerging adults amid Covid-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR EDUCATIONAL AND VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE 2023:1-26. [PMID: 37360271 PMCID: PMC10019401 DOI: 10.1007/s10775-023-09590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper studied the career experiences of emerging adults amid the pandemic and how they make sense of their career identities during this time. Twenty Indian Emerging adults (18-25 years) wrote narratives about their career stories during the pandemic. Using thematic analysis, three key themes of (1) Perceived Impact of Pandemic Crisis on Career Identity, (2) Positive Meaning-Making of Career Identity amid the Crises, and (3) Negative Meaning-Making of Career Identity amid the Crises were identified. The study concluded that despite the negative impact of Covid-19 on career experiences, most emerging adults cognitively reframed negative experiences as positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Singhal
- Department of Psychology, Arts Faculty Extension Building, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Nidhi Prakash
- Department of Psychology, Arts Faculty Extension Building, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
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Cognitive Fusion, Ruminative Response Style and Depressive Spectrum Symptoms in a Sample of University Students. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030803. [PMID: 36983958 PMCID: PMC10057694 DOI: 10.3390/life13030803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological inflexibility is related to depressive symptoms through the ‘ruminative response style’ (RR) and ‘cognitive fusion’ (CF). We aimed at exploring whether university students were more exposed to CF, RR and depressive symptoms because of their intellectual performance than non-university students of the same age. We compared university students (US) (n = 105) vs. non-university students (NUS) (n = 76) through online administration of the ‘Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire’ (CFQ-7), the ‘Depression-Zung Self-Assessment Scale’ (ZSDS) and the ‘Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire’ (PTQ) (study protocol #0077818/2022, approved by the Ethical Committee of the University of Pisa, Italy). University students scored significantly higher than non-university students in the CFQ-7 Total Score (27.5 ± 9.4 vs. 24.4 ± 9.5; p = 0.040), ZSDS Total Score (41.1 ± 7.7 vs. 39.0 ± 7.3; p = 0.031), PTQ Total Score (26.1 ± 13.1 vs. 21.8 ± 13.9; p = 0.029), PTQ ‘Repetitiveness’ (5.3 ± 2.8 vs. 4.5 ± 2.9; p = 0.034), ‘Intrusiveness’ (5.8 ± 3.0 vs. 4.8 ± 3.1; p = 0.046) and ‘Repetitive Negative Thinking capturing mental resources’ (5.0 ± 3.1 vs. 4.0 ± 3.0; p = 0.013) (MANOVA analysis). In a binary logistic regression analysis of US (with ZSDS scores < 44 vs. ≥44 as the dependent variable, and PTQ Total Score and dimensions, CFQ-7 Total Score, age and gender as the covariates), PTQ Total Score predicted the more severe depressive symptomatology (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.017–2.039; p = 0.040). We believe that RR and CF should be specifically targeted through psychoeducational/psychotherapeutic interventions in university students.
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Liu L, Chen J, Liang S, Peng X, Yang W, Huang A, Wang X, Fan F, Zhao J. An Unusual College Experience: 16-Month Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms and Anxiety among Chinese New Undergraduate Students of 2019 during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5024. [PMID: 36981933 PMCID: PMC10048813 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines the trajectories of the mental health conditions of 13,494 new undergraduate students who enrolled in 2019 in China from the beginning of the pandemic to the local recurrence of the pandemic, and found factors which may be associated with diverse trajectories. METHODS The trajectories of depression-anxiety outcomes were modeled using the growth mixture model. The multinomial logistic regression model was used to identify variables associated with different trajectory groups. RESULTS Both depression and anxiety in the new college students slightly increased during the 16-month period. The slopes of depression and anxiety were lower after the local outbreak. From the trajectories of depression and anxiety, five heterogeneous groups were identified: low-stable (64.3%), moderate-increased (18.2%), high-stable (11.1%), recovery (4.5%), and rapid-increased (1.8%). Environmental, somatic, and social factors were used to differentiate the low-stable group from the other groups. We found that college students with female gender, more conflict with parents, and feelings of loneliness during the pandemic were more likely to enter a high stability trajectory compared to a recovery trajectory. CONCLUSION Most participants showed a stable mental health status, while others experienced deteriorating or chronic mental health problems, especially those who had sleep disturbances, less social support before the pandemic, or conflicts with parents during the pandemic. These students may need additional support and monitoring from college mental health providers to improve their wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (L.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (L.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Shunwei Liang
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xiaodan Peng
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (L.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Psychological Counseling Center, Department of Student Affairs, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Andi Huang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (L.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Xiayong Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (L.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Fang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jingbo Zhao
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (L.L.); (J.C.)
- Mental Health Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Zhao B, Xu J, Kong F, Nam EW. Validation of the Chinese version of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale among Chinese college students. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13468. [PMID: 36789385 PMCID: PMC9911978 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Different languages and versions of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S) have been developed and tested in several countries. Chinese college students are a large vulnerable group and are susceptible to psychological problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, no studies had yet examined the reliability and validity of the C19P-S in China among college students group. This study aims to evaluate the COVID-19-related phobia of Chinese college students and examine the reliability and validity of this scale. Methods A total of 1689 Chinese college students participated in this study from April 27 to May 7, 2022. They finished the online questionnaire including demographic information and C19P-S. Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability were used to examine the internal consistency of the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis was further used to examine the scale's construct validity. Convergence validity was also confirmed. Results This scale in Chinese had high reliability and validity. The Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability of the total scale were 0.960 and 0.935, respectively. The construct validity-related indicators of the total scale met the standards (RMSEA = 0.064, IFI = 0.907, TLI = 0.906, and CFI = 0.907). Regarding the subscales, the composite reliability (CR) and average variance extracted (AVE) also met the cutoff values (CR > 0.7 and AVE >0.5). Comparison between gender groups showed that total and subscale scores between male and female students differed significantly. Conclusion The Chinese version of the C19P-S was appropriate for evaluating phobic symptoms among Chinese college students. Therefore, this tool could be used to evaluate the mental health of college students in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Department of Health Administration, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, South Korea,Yonei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26493, South Korea
| | - Jing Xu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Fanlei Kong
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China,Corresponding author. Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Eun Woo Nam
- Department of Health Administration, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, South Korea,Yonei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26493, South Korea,Corresponding author. Department of Health Administration, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, South Korea
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Riboldi I, Capogrosso CA, Piacenti S, Calabrese A, Lucini Paioni S, Bartoli F, Crocamo C, Carrà G, Armes J, Taylor C. Mental Health and COVID-19 in University Students: Findings from a Qualitative, Comparative Study in Italy and the UK. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4071. [PMID: 36901083 PMCID: PMC10001873 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 restrictions introduced several changes in university academic and social experience. Self-isolation and online teaching have amplified students' mental health vulnerability. Thus, we aimed to explore feelings and perspectives about the impact of the pandemic on mental health, comparing students from Italy and the UK. METHODS Data were collected from the qualitative portion of "the CAMPUS study", longitudinally assessing mental health of students at the University of Milano-Bicocca (Italy) and the University of Surrey (UK). We conducted in-depth interviews and thematically analysed the transcripts. RESULTS The explanatory model was developed from four themes identified across 33 interviews: anxiety exacerbated by COVID-19; putative mechanisms leading to poor mental health; the most vulnerable subgroups; and coping strategies. Generalised and social anxiety resulted from COVID-19 restrictions by being associated with loneliness, excessive time online, unhealthy management of time and space and poor communication with the university. Freshers, international students, and people on the extremes of the introversion/extroversion spectrum, were identified as vulnerable, while effective coping strategies included taking advantage of free time, connection with family and mental health support. The impact of COVID-19 was mostly related to academic issues by students from Italy, whereas to the drastic loss of social connectedness by the UK sample. CONCLUSIONS Mental health support for students has an essential role, and measures that encourage communication and social connectedness are likely to be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Riboldi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | | | - Susanna Piacenti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Angela Calabrese
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Susanna Lucini Paioni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Crocamo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House 149, London W1T 7BN, UK
| | - Jo Armes
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Health and Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Cath Taylor
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Health and Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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Emotional Exhaustion and Engagement in Higher Education Students during a Crisis, Lessons Learned from COVID-19 Experience in Italian Universities. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci12020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Italian university students face an uncertain future characterised by a competitive neoliberal academic environment with high demands and a weak labour market that often cannot hire those who are best qualified. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated students’ uncertainty and negatively affected their well-being. The purpose of this study is to explore perceptions of academic life during the pandemic and to examine the relationship between study load, reduced academic performance, internet addiction, academic self-efficacy, and engagement and emotional exhaustion. A sample of university students (N = 10,298) from 11 Italian universities completed a self-report questionnaire about their academic and personal lives between May and June 2021. We performed two multiple linear regressions and one ANOVA to highlight gender differences. Results indicate that female students reported lower levels of engagement and academic self-efficacy, and higher levels of exhaustion and study demands compared to male students, while older students generally appear to exhibit higher levels of well-being. Study load, reduced academic performance, and internet addiction showed a negative association with engagement, particularly the first two, and a positive association with exhaustion, while self-efficacy was positively associated with engagement and negatively associated with exhaustion. The results suggest the need to introduce additional forms of support, such as psychological support, internet addiction awareness courses or counseling services.
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Kadir A, Sunarno SDAM, Oktaviana A, Zulfah AF, Maharani CF, Santoso NT, Lestari F, Erwandi D, Dhesi SK. Factors Associated with Psychosocial Symptoms Experienced by Students in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multivariate Analysis. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2023; 60:469580231155720. [PMID: 36803104 PMCID: PMC9939915 DOI: 10.1177/00469580231155720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted many sectors, including the education sector. After in-person school activities were suspended due to the pandemic, a number of educational institutions in Indonesia reported concerns in implementing online learning due to the institutions' unpreparedness. This issue may potentially induce mental health disorders among students and triggers long-term stress. This study aimed to examine factors linked to the psychosocial symptoms of anxiety, stress, and depression in response to the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. An online cross-sectional study in Indonesia was conducted with 433 undergraduate and senior high school students aged 15 to 26 years old, both female and male. The self-reported symptoms were analyzed using both bivariate and multivariate linear regression methods. It was found that the percentage of participants with depression symptoms was 66%, while 61% and 43% participants experienced stress and anxiety respectively. The bivariate analysis presented strong correlations between anxiety and gender, learning duration and use of gadgets, internet expenses, and highly-interrupted learning. Furthermore, the multivariate regression revealed that only anxiety was significantly linked to internet expenses. This study indicates that many students are affected by COVID-19, the impacts of which manifest in psychosocial issues in the form of anxiety. We suggest that creating a supportive and positive family environment would help to alleviate some of these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Kadir
- Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia,Abdul Kadir, Occupational Health and Safety Department, Faculty of Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia.
| | | | | | | | | | - Nanda Trio Santoso
- Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, Indonesia,University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Mutua MM, Nyoni CN. Undergraduate e-learning programmes in health professions: An integrative review of evaluation standards in low- and middle-income countries. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281586. [PMID: 36780488 PMCID: PMC9925085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before the Coronavirus COVID-19, universities offered blended learning as a mode of study. However, with the closure of all educational institutions, after the pandemic, most of these institutions were required to transition to e-learning to support continuous student learning. This transition was challenging to most institutions, as there were no standards to ensure the quality of e-learning. During this literature review, the researcher aimed to explore relevant literature and provide insight into the standards for undergraduate e-learning programmes in the health professions. DESIGN An integrative review of literature. DATA SOURCES Online databases MEDLINE, CINAHL with full text, Academic search ultimate, APA PsycInfo, ERIC, Health Source: Nursing/academic edition, CAB abstracts, Africa-wide information, Sociology source ultimate, and Communication and Mass media complete were searched. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies pertaining to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) on standards in evaluating undergraduate e-learning programmes in health professions, published between January 2010 to June 2022, were considered. A two-step process was followed involving three reviewers and guided by an inclusion criteria focused on the evaluation of undergraduate e-learning programmes in the health professions. The initial hit produced 610 articles altogether, and eight articles that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Data was then extracted and analysed, and key themes were identified. RESULTS Eight Key themes related to LMIC standards emerged from the eight selected articles: curriculum planning, proficiency of educators, learner proficiency and attitude, infrastructure for learning, support and evaluation. CONCLUSION In this review, we synthesised standards that have been used for evaluating undergraduate e-learning programmes in health professions in LMICs. A gap in standards related to clinical teaching and learning in undergraduate e-learning programmes in the health professions was evident from all the included articles. The identification of the eight unique LMIC standards in this review could contribute to guiding towards contextually appropriate quality e-learning programmes in the health professions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses M. Mutua
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Champion N. Nyoni
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Leclère M, Hysenaj A, Meha R, Tahirbegolli B, Schwarz P, Steenblock C, Prekazi L, Isufi A, Shemsedini N. The Impact of Information About COVID-19 on the Endocrine Stress System and Cognitive Distortions. Horm Metab Res 2023; 55:89-95. [PMID: 36669522 PMCID: PMC9886441 DOI: 10.1055/a-1997-0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is one of the major health concerns worldwide affecting not only human physical health but also contributing to the development of many mental disorders including impairment of the cognitive function. It is highly conceivable that elevation of the stress hormones, i.e., glucocorticoids and catecholamines, due to the infection, as well as the presence of psychosocial stressors, such as COVID-19 information, play a critical role in the development of these disorders. In the present study, the potential impact of exposure to COVID-19 information on the cognitive distortion and stress levels was analyzed in a population of 32 first-year medical sciences students using the stress assessment questionnaire (SAQ) and the posttraumatic cognitions inventory (PTCI) surveys. Both surveys demonstrated no acute change in the stress and post-traumatic cognition levels between medical sciences students who were either exposed or not to information about COVID-19. Interestingly, analysis of the stress and cognition points across the first and second measurements of the SAQ categories revealed a significant change in the control group but not in the experimental group. In addition, there was no significant difference among groups when considering the time*group factor. To conclude, we found that exposure to information about COVID-19 did not contribute acutely to cognitive distortion and stress levels among participating students. The previous exposure to COVID-19-related information from media and living during the COVID-19 pandemic era might have enhanced the awareness of the students to the situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Leclère
- Psychology of Assessment and Intervention, College Heimerer, Pristina,
Kosovo
| | - Arben Hysenaj
- Psychology of Assessment and Intervention, College Heimerer, Pristina,
Kosovo
| | - Rina Meha
- Psychology of Assessment and Intervention, College Heimerer, Pristina,
Kosovo
| | | | - Peter Schwarz
- Department of Medicine III, Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav
Carus, Germany
| | - Charlotte Steenblock
- Department of Medicine III, Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav
Carus, Germany
| | - Lulejete Prekazi
- Psychology of Assessment and Intervention, College Heimerer, Pristina,
Kosovo
| | - Albane Isufi
- Psychology of Assessment and Intervention, College Heimerer, Pristina,
Kosovo
| | - Nevzat Shemsedini
- Psychology of Assessment and Intervention, College Heimerer, Pristina,
Kosovo
- Correspondence Mr. Nevzat
Shemsedini College
HeimererPsychology of Assessment and
InterventionCalabria Str. C and D
entry10000
PristinaAlbania0038345964677
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Kornas-Biela D, Martynowska K, Zysberg L. 'With a Little Help from My Friends': Emotional Intelligence, Social Support, and Distress during the COVID-19 Outbreak. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2515. [PMID: 36767886 PMCID: PMC9915446 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic presented a global existential social and health challenge, with individuals suffering mentally and psychologically. College and university students are young adults, typically away from their natural support systems; with pandemic-imposed measures such as isolation, they may have been at higher risk of experiencing negative psychological outcomes. The study tested a model in which social support mediated the association between emotional intelligence (EI) and a latent factor representing general mental distress at the height of the COVID-19 crisis in Poland. One hundred and fifty-nine young adults filled in measures of trait EI, psychological and instrumental social support, three distress measures (depression, anxiety, and stress), and demographics. The results supported a model in which psychological social support (but not instrumental social support) mediated the association between trait EI and a factor representing all three distress measures. The results shed light on how individual and social resources work together to help maintain psychological integrity in times of crisis. They add to recent results on the differential effects of psychological-emotional and instrumental social support on distress and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kornas-Biela
- Institute of Pedagogy, The John Paul Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Klaudia Martynowska
- Institute of Pedagogy, The John Paul Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Leehu Zysberg
- The Graduate School, Gordon College of Education, Haifa 3465415, Israel
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Toward a Positive Life beyond COVID-19: Problem-Solving Appraisal as a Resistance Resource in the Relationship between Stress and Well-Being in Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11030350. [PMID: 36766925 PMCID: PMC9914683 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a major global stressor that has been associated with elevated risk of negative mental health symptoms. As a helping profession, our main task should be identifying factors that may shield individuals from the negative consequences of stress, rather than only focusing on the causes and symptoms of stress. One such factor, identified in the literature, is an individual's perception of their problem-solving skills. In this study we investigate the role of problem-solving appraisal in the association between perceived stress and psychological well-being. Participants were students (n = 322) who completed the Problem Solving Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale, the short forms of the trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. The results demonstrate the health-sustaining benefits of problem-solving appraisal, as all dimensions of problem-solving appraisal (problem-solving confidence, approach-avoidance style, and problem-solving control) were directly associated with hopelessness and anxiety. The stress-buffering role of problem-solving appraisal with respect to hopelessness was demonstrated through the interaction between perceived stress and problem-solving appraisal. However, problem-solving appraisal did not buffer the effects of stress on anxiety. The findings indicate that problem-solving appraisal may be an important protective resource that could be beneficial for coping with other negative events and experiences beyond COVID-19. The implications of these findings for interventions are discussed.
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Fernandez JR, Sherchan JS, Cho YJ, Nanaw J, Joseph NT, Forde AT. College students' underlying perceptions of COVID-19 threat, healthcare discrimination, and healthcare system inequities associated with self-rated health across racial/ethnic groups in the U.S. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1028344. [PMID: 36684993 PMCID: PMC9853174 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1028344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19-related health perceptions may differentially impact college students' stress, and in turn, their mental and physical health. This study examined racial/ethnic differences in college students' underlying perceptions of COVID-19 threat, healthcare discrimination, and U.S. healthcare system inequities and their associations with self-rated mental and physical health. Methods Four-hundred-thirty-two university students completed an online survey (December 2020-December 2021). Latent class analyses identified classes of perceived COVID-19 threat (i.e., severity, susceptibility), healthcare discrimination, and U.S. healthcare system inequities. Regression analyses examined whether class membership varied by race/ethnicity and was associated with self-rated mental and physical health. Results Class 1 members (27.3% of the sample) were more likely to identify as Hispanic or Latino, Non-Hispanic Asian, Non-Hispanic Black or African American, and Non-Hispanic Multiracial vs. Non-Hispanic White (vs. Class 4). Class 1 had high perceived COVID-19 threat, medium perceived healthcare discrimination, and high perceived U.S. healthcare system inequities, as well as higher odds of poorer mental and physical health (vs. Class 4). Conclusions College students' underlying perceptions of COVID-19 threat, healthcare discrimination, and U.S. healthcare system inequities were associated with poorer health. Given that students with these perceptions were more likely to belong to minoritized racial/ethnic groups, concerns over COVID-19 risk and healthcare may partially explain racial/ethnic disparities in college students' health. This study contributes to a limited body of evidence on college students' perceptions of the U.S. healthcare system and suggests important ways that structural inequalities and racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 risk, healthcare discrimination, and concerns over U.S. healthcare system inequity may affect college students' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Fernandez
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Juliana S. Sherchan
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Yong Ju Cho
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Judy Nanaw
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nataria T. Joseph
- Division of Social Science, Seaver College, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United States
| | - Allana T. Forde
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Brown CRH, Feng YC, Costin V, Hirsch CR, Wang YH, Wang YL, Chew J, Kenny J, Allen P. Specific Pandemic-Related Worries Predict Higher Attention-Related Errors and Negative Affect Independent of Trait Anxiety in UK-Based Students. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2023; 47:1-19. [PMID: 36284796 PMCID: PMC9584227 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-022-10336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many individuals experiencing increased symptoms of anxiety. We predict that this increase may be underpinned by pandemic-related worry (PRW), characterised by repetitive negative thinking about pandemic-specific outcomes; and that this relationship is mediated through reduced attentional capacity required to regulate negative affect. Methods We developed a novel scale to measure the contents of PRW in an initial sample of 255 participants, and explored its relationship with cognitive functioning and negative affect in a sample of 382 UK-based university students, whilst controlling for recalled pre-pandemic trait anxiety. Results A five-factor model of PRW was identified, with factors reflecting worry about decline in quality of life (QoL) and probability of infection correlating with attention and memory-related errors. Importantly, attention-related errors partially mediated the positive relationship between PRW and negative affect, even when controlling for pre-pandemic trait anxiety. Conclusion PRW's relationship with negative affect was partially mediated through attentional function, consistent with models of anxiety and attentional control. In UK-based students PRW may be predominantly focused on the decline in QoL; therefore, interventions targeting worry about the decline in QoL caused by COVID-19 are especially important in this population in the wake of the pandemic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10608-022-10336-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris R. H. Brown
- School of Psychology, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, Holybourne Avenue, London, SW15 4JD UK
| | - Ya-Chun Feng
- National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Allen
- Kings College London, University of Roehampton, London, UK
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Gundogan S. The Relationship of COVID-19 Student Stress with School Burnout, Depression and Subjective Well-Being: Adaptation of the COVID-19 Student Stress Scale into Turkish. THE ASIA-PACIFIC EDUCATION RESEARCHER 2023; 32. [PMCID: PMC8760107 DOI: 10.1007/s40299-021-00641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused psychological problems in all age groups since it emerged from the first day. One of the most important groups has been affected negatively during the COVID-19 pandemic process are university students. One of the negative situations caused by the pandemic process in university students is student stress caused by COVID-19. To assess stress situations in Italian culture, the COVID-19 student stress scale (CSS-S) has been developed. In this context, the aim of this study was to adapt the CSS-S into Turkish. Another aim of the study was to investigate the direct and indirect relationships of COVID-19 student stress with school burnout, depression and subjective well-being. The participants of the study were 485 Turkish university students. The values obtained with the confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the factor structure of CSS-S is satisfying (χ2/df = 2.99, AGFI = .95, TLI = .93, CFI = .96, IFI = .96, REMSEA = .06, SRMR = .04). Moreover, it was found that school burnout has a mediating role in the relationship between COVID-19 student stress and depression and subjective well-being (χstructure of CSS-S is satisfying/df = 2.41, AGFI = .87, TLI = .91, CFI = .91, IFI = .91, REMSEA = .05, SRMR = .05). These findings imply that psychosocial intervention studies to reduce COVID-19 student stress can reduce students' school burnout and depression. It also implies that these psychosocial intervention studies can have a positive impact on students' subjective well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Gundogan
- Department of Guidance and Psychological Counselling, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
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Exploring alexithymia profiles and their associations with childhood adversity and COVID-19 burnout among Chinese college students: A person-centered approach. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2022.101486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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The association between social factors and COVID-19 protective behaviors and depression and stress among midwestern US college students. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279340. [PMID: 36534666 PMCID: PMC9762587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between social factors and COVID-19 protective behaviors and two outcomes: depressive and perceived stress symptoms. METHODS In September 2020, 1,064 randomly selected undergraduate students from a large midwestern university completed an online survey and provided information on demographics, social activities, COVID-19 protective behaviors (i.e., avoiding social events and staying home from work and school), and mental health symptoms. Mental health symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression-10 questionnaire for depression and the Perceived Stress Scale-10 for stress symptoms. RESULTS The results showed respondents who were males and also the respondents who were "hanging out" with more people while drinking alcohol reported significantly lower depressive symptoms and lower stress symptoms. On the contrary, staying home from work or school "very often" was associated with higher stress symptoms, compared with "never/rarely" staying home from work/school. Similarly, having a job with in-person interaction was also associated with increased stress. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that lack of social engagement was associated with depression and stress symptoms among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Planning social activities that align with recommended safety precautions, as well as meet students' social needs, should be an important priority for higher education institutions.
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Al-Rouq F, Al-Otaibi A, AlSaikhan A, Al-Essa M, Al-Mazidi S. Assessing Physiological and Psychological Factors Contributing to Stress among Medical Students: Implications for Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16822. [PMID: 36554703 PMCID: PMC9779130 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Physiological responses to stress disturb internal homeostasis, leading to serious health consequences. Medical students experience high stress levels that should be managed promptly to prevent stress-related impacts on students' health and education. Aim: This study aims to identify the relationship between stress factors, general health, and academic performance. Methods: This study recruited 421 medical students of all academic years. Participants completed an online survey assessing stress levels using a validated 10-item Perceived Stress Scale. Stress was also compared with students' health and academic performance. Results: We found that 93.6% of our sample experienced moderate to severe stress, and 31% reported increased stress due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Except for internship students, stress significantly decreases as students progress each academic year (p < 0.05). Students with higher GPAs and with comorbidities are more stressed. Comorbidities were primarily reported in students in their final years of education with a 4% lower GPA than healthy students. Although we had three stress-related themes (general, academic, and pandemic), students' perceptions of stress factors were primarily academically related. Conclusions: Students experience high stress levels in their final educational years, which might increase the risk of health issues and low academic performance. It is essential to innovate stress-coping strategies specially designed for medical students and mandatorily provided by all medical colleges and to educate students on the effects of stress on their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzia Al-Rouq
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanoud Al-Otaibi
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanoud AlSaikhan
- Family Medicine Department, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Al-Essa
- Radiology Department, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Al-Mazidi
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, P.O. Box 5701, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
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David MCMM, Vieira GR, Leôncio LMDL, Neves LDS, Bezerra CG, Mattos MSBD, Santos NFD, Santana FHD, Antunes RB, Araújo JF, Matos RJBD. Predictors of stress in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022; 10:100377. [PMID: 35814812 PMCID: PMC9250709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background College students experience high stress levels during emergency remote classes in the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is not clear whether this is due to the summation effect of both stressors (classes and pandemic). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate predictors of stress in college students before and during remote classes five months after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The study was conducted before (BRC, July-August 2020) and during remote classes (DRC, October-November 2020). The sample consisted of 177 individuals (80 in BRC, 97 in DRC). Students were asked to self-collect saliva for cortisol analysis at each moment of the study, and to fill out a form to characterize the individual and assess the chronotype (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and the stress (Perceived Stress Scale–10). Results There was no difference between the evaluated periods for cortisol, perceived stress or sleep quality. Predictors for cortisol levels were gender, academic semester, chronotype, sleep quality and sadness due to pandemic (p<0.001). Limitations Short interval between BRC and DRC assessments of perceived stress and salivary cortisol. Conclusions Age, sex, income, academic semester, chronotype, and the impact of the pandemic on mood are predictors of stress among college students. In addition, emergency remote classes and sleep quality contribute to less perceived stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mírian Celly Medeiros Miranda David
- Posgraduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Neural Plasticity, Environment and Behavior Research Group, Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, Santo Antônio de Jesus, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Ramos Vieira
- Physical Education and Sports Science Nucleus, Academic Center of Vitória, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Lívia Maria de Lima Leôncio
- Physical Education and Sports Science Nucleus, Academic Center of Vitória, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Letycia Dos Santos Neves
- Nutrition Nucleus, Academic Center of Vitória, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Clécia Gabriela Bezerra
- Physical Education and Sports Science Nucleus, Academic Center of Vitória, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | | | - Nataly Ferreira Dos Santos
- Neural Plasticity, Environment and Behavior Research Group, Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, Santo Antônio de Jesus, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique de Santana
- Physical Education and Sports Science Nucleus, Academic Center of Vitória, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Barbosa Antunes
- Department of Mathematics, Center of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Rhowena Jane Barbosa de Matos
- Posgraduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Neural Plasticity, Environment and Behavior Research Group, Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, Santo Antônio de Jesus, Brazil
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, Avenida Carlos Amaral, 1015, Cajueiro, Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia 44574-490, Brazil
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Dissociative experiences among Lebanese university students: Association with mental health issues, the economic crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Beirut port explosion. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277883. [PMID: 36399459 PMCID: PMC9674130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dissociative experiences are psychological manifestations characterized by a loss of connection and continuity between thoughts, emotions, environment, behavior, and identity. Lebanon has been facing indescribable events in the last few years, including the COVID-19 pandemic, the Beirut explosion, a crushing economic crisis with the highest inflation rate the country has known in over three decades. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between dissociative experiences and post-traumatic stress symptoms from the economic crisis, the Beirut blast, the COVID-19 pandemic, and other mental health issues in a sample of Lebanese university students. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 419 active university students (18-35 years) from all over Lebanon (May and August 2021). The respondents received the online soft copy of a survey by a snowball sampling technique through social media and messaging apps. The questionnaire included sociodemographic data, the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES-II), the PTSD Checklist Specific Version (PCL-S), the Financial Wellbeing Scale, the Beirut Distress Scale, the Lebanese Anxiety Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire. RESULTS The two-factor model of the DES fitted best according to CFI, RMSEA and χ2/df values, but modestly according to TLI. The two factors were absorption and amnesia/depersonalization. Higher stress (Beta = 0.95) and more PTSD from the Beirut blast (Beta = 0.29) and from the economic crisis (Beta = 0.23) were significantly associated with more absorption. A personal history of depression (Beta = 6.03), higher stress (Beta = 0.36) and more PTSD from the Beirut blast (Beta = 0.27) and from the COVID-19 pandemic (Beta = 0.16) were significantly associated with more amnesia/depersonalization. CONCLUSION Significant rates of dissociative experiences and their sub-manifestations (amnesia/depersonalization and absorption) were found among Lebanese university students, with remarkable co-occurrence of a traumatic/stressful pattern, whether on an individual (history of PTSD) or a collective level (Post-traumatic manifestations from Beirut blast, COVID-19 pandemic and/or economic crisis), or whether correlated to an acute single event or to certain chronic stressors, or even to a personal history of depression. Such findings must raise the attention to serious mental and psychosocial alteration in the Lebanese national identity.
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Ren J, Zhang Z, Mei Y, Wang W, Sun Q, Wang M, Hui Z. Risk perception of COVID-19 among college students in China: Latent profile analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1041580. [PMID: 36408052 PMCID: PMC9674304 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1041580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The outbreak of the new coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) has had a significant impact on people's mental and physical health. Meanwhile, people's perceptions of risk may influence their emotional states and preventative behavior during an epidemic. Previous research have revealed the diversity and uniqueness of risk perception, and college students may have a different perspective on risk perception. The objective of this study was to describe the subtypes of risk perception for COVID-19 among college students in China, identify the subtypes' traits, and investigate their affecting variables. Methods College students from 10 Chinese provinces participated in a cross-sectional study (n = 2,000) that from January 16 to 30, 2022. The latent profiles and influencing factors for risk perception were investigated using latent profile analysis, one-way analysis of variance, and multinomial logistical regression. Results The sample group of this survey was 1,946 students, and the response rate was 97.3%. The best model was suggested to consist of three profiles: "neutral risk perception" (20.3%), "perception seriously without susceptible" (52.8%), and "low risk perception" (26.9%). Risk perception of COVID-19 was positively associated with attention to negation information (r = 0.372, p < 0.01), anxiety (r = 0.232, p < 0.01), and depression (r = 0.241, p < 0.01), and negatively associated with perceived social support (r = -0.151, p < 0.01). Logistic-regressions analyses mainly revealed that the risk perception of three profiles related to having chronic diseases (OR = 2.704, p < 0.01), medical major (OR = 0.595, p < 0.01; OR = 0.614, p < 0.05), without having COVID-19 confirmed cases around (OR = 0.539, p < 0.01), attention to negative information (OR = 1.073, p < 0.001; OR = 1.092, p < 0.001), and perceived social support (OR = 0.0.975, p < 0.01). Conclusions The level of risk perception for COVID-19 among Chinese college students was unsatisfactory, and the risk perception of COVID-19 had significant group characteristics and heterogeneity. Colleges and public health practitioners could have a theoretical and empirical basis to implement risk perception intervention efforts by identifying latent subgroups during the COVID-19 epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Ren
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenxiang Zhang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhenxiang Zhang
| | - Yongxia Mei
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenna Wang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingxu Wang
- College of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian, China
| | - Zhaozhao Hui
- College of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian, China
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Ang WHD, Chew HSJ, Ong YHN, Zheng ZJ, Shorey S, Lau Y. Becoming More Resilient during COVID-19: Insights from a Process Evaluation of Digital Resilience Training. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12899. [PMID: 36232196 PMCID: PMC9564846 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Resilience training is gaining attention as a strategy to build students' resistance to adversity and promote their mental well-being. However, owing to inconsistencies and variations in the content and delivery of resilience training, more work is needed to examine students' experiences and preferences to address issues relating to intervention fidelity. This study adopted a qualitative approach in exploring students' experience of synchronous and asynchronous versions of a digital resilience training program. Seventeen students were interviewed using a semi-structured virtual face-to-face interview via Zoom. The thematic analyses unveiled four themes: embarking on a journey toward resilience, discovering strategies to develop resilience, finding a balance to benefit from resilience skill enhancement, and instilling resilience in the everyday. Future resilience training should consider students' workload and interactivity to enhance their engagement. As being resilient is associated with better mental well-being, the findings of this study may support the development of future wellness programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei How Darryl Ang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Han Shi Jocelyn Chew
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | | | - Zhongjia James Zheng
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Shefaly Shorey
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Ying Lau
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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Rroy AD, Bhattacharjee R, Nayak P, Deb M, Mandal B. Stress: A study on students of HEI’s of Guwahati city. JOURNAL OF INFORMATION & OPTIMIZATION SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02522667.2022.2128536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Dev Rroy
- Department of Commerce, Royal School of Commerce, Royal Global University, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India
| | - Rajat Bhattacharjee
- Department of Commerce, Royal School of Commerce, Royal Global University, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India
| | - Papari Nayak
- Deparment of Management, Golaghat Commerce College, Golaghat 785621, Assam, India
| | - Mohua Deb
- Department of Psychology, Royal School of Behavioral and Allied Sciences, Royal Global University, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India
| | - Basu Mandal
- Department of Management, Nerim Group of Instituitions, Guwahati 781022, Assam, India
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Fute A, Sun B, Oubibi M. Assessing Teaching Compassion, Work Engagement and Compassion Fatigue Among Teachers During the Pandemic. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:2561-2571. [PMID: 36124334 PMCID: PMC9482458 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s383292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Teachers' mental health is an imperative aspect in ensuring their appropriate cognition, behaviors and perception. Studies have reported mixed results on work engagement and compassion fatigue among employees in different time and cultures. This study assesses and examines the correlation between Chinese teachers' work engagement and compassion fatigue during the pandemic. Methods An online questionnaire was designed through a Chinese data collection platform (Credamo), and the sample of 3147 teachers in Zhejiang province (China) completed the survey online. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) was used to measure teachers' work engagement (WE), while the Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5 (ProQoL-5) was used to measure teachers' compassion fatigue (CF). SPSS 25, PROCESS Macro of SPSS, and JASP were used to analyze the data. Results The results indicated a negative correlation between teachers' work engagement and compassion fatigue in general, while particularly, vigor, dedication, and absorption negatively correlated with burnout (r = -0.370, r = -0.243, and r = -0.220 respectively), but positively correlating with secondary traumatic stress (r = 0.489, r = 0.343, and r = 0.319). Discussion Teachers' working experience positively correlates with their work engagement but negatively correlates with their compassion fatigue. Conclusion Teachers' work engagement (ie, dedication) is important in reducing compassion fatigue and maintaining compassion satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Fute
- College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binghai Sun
- College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mohamed Oubibi
- College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
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