1
|
Dutkowska A, Domańska-Senderowska D, Czarnecka-Chrebelska KH, Pikus E, Zielińska A, Biskup L, Kołodziejska A, Madura P, Możdżan M, Załuska U, Zheng E, Adamczyk E, Kędzia K, Wcisło S, Wawrzycki M, Brzeziańska-Lasota E, Jabłoński S, Antczak A, Poznański M. Mitochondrial Dynamics in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2823. [PMID: 39199596 PMCID: PMC11352408 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16162823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In lung cancer patients, two complementary abnormalities were found that can cause disruption of the mitochondrial network: increased fusion and impaired fission, manifested by reduced levels of FIS1, a mitochondrial division regulator, and increased expression of MFN1, a mitochondrial fusion mediator. Immunoexpression studies of MFN1 and FIS1 proteins were performed in serum samples obtained from 47 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 21 controls. In the NSCLC patients, the immunoexpression of the MFN1 protein was significantly higher, and the FIS1 protein level was significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.01; p < 0.001; UMW test). Patients with early, operable lung cancer had significantly lower levels of MFN1 immunoexpression compared to patients with advanced, metastatic lung cancer (p < 0.05; UMW test). This suggests that early stages of the disease are characterized by greater fragmentation of damaged mitochondria and apoptosis. In contrast, lower FIS1 protein levels were associated with a worse prognosis. Increased mitochondrial fusion in the blood of lung cancer patients may suggest an increase in protective and repair mechanisms. This opens up questions about why these mechanisms fail in the context of existing advanced cancer disease and is a starting point for further research into why protective mechanisms fail in lung cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Dutkowska
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (A.Z.); (L.B.); (A.K.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (U.Z.); (E.Z.); (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Daria Domańska-Senderowska
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (K.H.C.-C.); (E.P.); (E.A.); (E.B.-L.)
| | | | - Ewa Pikus
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (K.H.C.-C.); (E.P.); (E.A.); (E.B.-L.)
| | - Aleksandra Zielińska
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (A.Z.); (L.B.); (A.K.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (U.Z.); (E.Z.); (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Laura Biskup
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (A.Z.); (L.B.); (A.K.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (U.Z.); (E.Z.); (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Agata Kołodziejska
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (A.Z.); (L.B.); (A.K.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (U.Z.); (E.Z.); (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Paulina Madura
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (A.Z.); (L.B.); (A.K.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (U.Z.); (E.Z.); (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Możdżan
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (A.Z.); (L.B.); (A.K.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (U.Z.); (E.Z.); (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Urszula Załuska
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (A.Z.); (L.B.); (A.K.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (U.Z.); (E.Z.); (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Edward Zheng
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (A.Z.); (L.B.); (A.K.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (U.Z.); (E.Z.); (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Eliza Adamczyk
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (K.H.C.-C.); (E.P.); (E.A.); (E.B.-L.)
| | - Konrad Kędzia
- Department of Thoracic, General and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (K.K.); (S.W.); (M.W.); (S.J.)
| | - Szymon Wcisło
- Department of Thoracic, General and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (K.K.); (S.W.); (M.W.); (S.J.)
| | - Marcin Wawrzycki
- Department of Thoracic, General and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (K.K.); (S.W.); (M.W.); (S.J.)
| | - Ewa Brzeziańska-Lasota
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (K.H.C.-C.); (E.P.); (E.A.); (E.B.-L.)
| | - Sławomir Jabłoński
- Department of Thoracic, General and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (K.K.); (S.W.); (M.W.); (S.J.)
| | - Adam Antczak
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (A.Z.); (L.B.); (A.K.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (U.Z.); (E.Z.); (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Michał Poznański
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (A.Z.); (L.B.); (A.K.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (U.Z.); (E.Z.); (A.A.); (M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kaur J, Rinkoo AV, Richardson S. Trends in smokeless tobacco use and attributable mortality and morbidity in the South-East Asia Region: implications for policy. Tob Control 2024; 33:425-433. [PMID: 36596709 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use and number of users by year, in addition to trends in mortality and attributable disease burden in countries of the WHO South-East Asia Region (SEAR), to inform policies for SLT control in the Region. METHODS For each SEAR country, we obtained data from Global Adult Tobacco Surveys, WHO STEPwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance surveys and Demographic and Health Surveys conducted since 2010 to estimate prevalence of SLT use by country, sex and year. Using data from the World Population Prospects database we estimated the number of users by country. Next, using the results of previous meta-analyses and prevalence results, we estimated the population attributable fractions and attributable mortality and morbidity in terms of annual deaths and disability-adjusted life years lost. We then characterised trends in attributable deaths and disease burden for countries with comparable data. RESULTS There were wide differences in SLT use prevalence by country. We estimated that, during 2015-2019, there were 165 803 900 SLT users across SEAR, with 479 466 attributable deaths annually of which India accounted for 79.9% with 383 248. Attributable annual deaths increased in some countries during 2015-2019. CONCLUSIONS Annual deaths and disease burden attributable to SLT remain high across SEAR and have only declined modestly in recent years. Effective implementation of all WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control measures, addressing both supply-side and demand-side issues, in relation to SLT and areca nut products must be prioritised to ensure reductions in mortality and disease burden are sustained and accelerated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Kaur
- Tobacco Free Initiative, World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Vashishta Rinkoo
- Tobacco Free Initiative, World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sol Richardson
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
John RM, Dauchy EP. A Quantitative Exploration of the Influence of Tobacco Use on Poverty in India. Nicotine Tob Res 2024:ntae129. [PMID: 38856040 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntae129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco use has a disproportionate impact on lower socioeconomic groups in India. The study quantifies the number of people who would fall under the national poverty line if the direct spending on tobacco and healthcare expenditures attributable to tobacco use were subtracted from their monthly expenditures. It also aims to estimate the extent to which tobacco use increases the probability of poverty status in India. AIMS AND METHODS We quantify the increase in poverty by multiplying the difference between headcount ratios with and without tobacco-related spending by population size. We use propensity score matching to estimate the extent to which tobacco use increases the probability of poverty. RESULTS About 18.4 million (1.5% of all Indians) are pushed into poverty due to either direct tobacco-related expenditures or tobacco-related healthcare spending. Tobacco use increases households' likelihood of being poor by 3.4%-3.7%. CONCLUSIONS With over 22% of the global poor, achieving poverty reduction goals is a significant challenge for India. We show that this challenge is accentuated by increased tobacco spending, which pushes millions of Indians into poverty. To address this, the Government of India must implement both fiscal and non-fiscal policies that regulate tobacco use and, in turn, contribute to poverty reduction in the country. IMPLICATIONS Tobacco use has a disproportionate impact on lower socioeconomic groups in India, leading to increased and deeper poverty. This paper finds that, based on existing proven measures of poverty, tobacco use accounts for an additional 18.4 million poor individuals. It also shows that tobacco use increases the likelihood of a household being classified as poor by 3.4% to 3.7%. As India is home to a significant proportion of the global poor, addressing tobacco use becomes crucial for global and domestic poverty reduction goals. Fiscal and non-fiscal policies can be used to regulate tobacco and potentially reduce poverty levels in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rijo M John
- Department of Social Work, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kochi, India
| | - Estelle P Dauchy
- Principal Research Officer (Professor), Department of Economics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pulicherla NK, Kodali PB. Tobacco Imagery in Indian Over-the-Top (OTT) Media and Its Compliance With Existing Tobacco Laws: A Content Analysis. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:752-758. [PMID: 38147534 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over-the-top (OTT) media are internet-based content delivery systems offering media services to the viewers bypassing the traditional broadcasting platforms. The OTT media, with limited regulatory oversight, can serve as a source of exposure to tobacco-promoting content. AIMS AND METHODS This study analyzed the depiction of tobacco imagery in Indian OTT programs and assessed their compliance with existing Indian tobacco control policies. We conducted a content analysis of 28 purposively sampled OTT exclusive programs (14 movies and 14 web series) in India. Breathe California method was used to code the OTT content for tobacco imagery. We assessed the prevalence of tobacco imagery, its duration per episode or program, product placements, and brand appearances. We also evaluated OTT programs adherence to existing tobacco control policies in India. RESULTS Tobacco imagery was identified in all of the web series and most OTT-exclusive movies. On average the web series depicted seven incidents of tobacco imagery per episode, whereas there were close to 19 incidents of tobacco imagery per movie. Ten minutes of OTT programming (including movies and web series) had on average 8.40 s of tobacco imagery. None of the OTT programs studied fully complied with Indian tobacco control policies. CONCLUSIONS Depiction of tobacco imagery in OTT exclusive programs is common in India. Streaming platforms need to comply with existing tobacco control policies. Furthermore, there is a need to strengthen these policies and strictly enforce them to ensure tobacco-free mass media. IMPLICATIONS India has more than 267 million tobacco users and accounts for the largest share of smokeless tobacco use globally. OTT platforms are largely unregulated and are considered drivers for global tobacco use. This is one of the few studies examining tobacco imagery in Indian OTT content, reporting the gaps in tobacco control policies in India. This study documents the product placement of smokeless tobacco, duration of exposure to tobacco imagery, and empirically report the compliance of OTT platforms with Indian tobacco control policies. The study findings can aid in strengthening tobacco control policies in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Pulicherla
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Prakash Babu Kodali
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tang S, Meng J, Zhao X, Sun W. Trends of ischemic heart disease mortality attributable to smoking in the five countries with the highest number of smokers during 1990-2019: an age-period-cohort analysis. Arch Med Sci 2024; 20:43-53. [PMID: 38414476 PMCID: PMC10895949 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/182886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Smoking increases the risk of various cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic heart disease (IHD). This study aimed to assess the impact of age, period, and cohort on long-term trends in IHD mortality in China, India, Indonesia, the United States, and Russia, the five countries with the highest number of smokers, from 1990 to 2019. Material and methods The data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019, and the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was calculated. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess the magnitude and direction of trends in smoking-attributable mortality from IHD. Age-period-cohort (APC) studies were used to estimate net drift (estimated annual percentage change (EAPC)s), local drift (age-specific EAPCs), and independent trends in age, period, and cohort effects. Results The analysis revealed a significant downward trend in ASMRs attributable to IHD as a result of smoking in the United States, India, and Russia. Indonesia and China showed an upward trend. Age effects were increasing for both country and sex, with China showing the most significant increase in the older age group; period effects were decreasing in all countries except Indonesia, and cohort effects were increasing only in Indonesia and China. Conclusions From 1990 to 2019, mortality from IHD caused by smoking showed a downward trend in these five countries. However, the pattern of increased mortality from IHD in women caused by smoking warrants further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoliang Tang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Management, School of Health Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Juan Meng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Management, School of Health Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xinghua Zhao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Management, School of Health Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Wenting Sun
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Management, School of Health Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Holdroyd I, Puntambekar N, Driezen P, Gravely S, Quah ACK, Xu SS, Gupta PC, Fong GT, Pednekar MS. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Indian government's policies to strengthen health warning labels on smokeless tobacco products: findings from the 2010-2019 Tobacco Control Project India Surveys. Tob Control 2024:tc-2023-058281. [PMID: 38216314 PMCID: PMC11239794 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2023-058281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smokeless tobacco (SLT) packaging in India had a single symbolic (a scorpion) health warning label (HWL) in 2009 covering 40% of the front surface. In 2011, it was replaced with four pictorial images. In 2016, HWLs were enlarged to 85% on the front and back. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the old (symbolic and smaller images) and larger HWLs. METHODS Data were from the Tobacco Control Project India Survey and included respondents who used SLT in Wave 1 (2010-2011, n=5911), Wave 2 (2012-2013, n=5613) and Wave 3 (2018-2019, n=5636). Using a repeated-measures design, weighted logistic regression models assessed whether there were changes in seven HWL effectiveness measures within the domains of awareness, salience, cognitive and behavioural responses. A cohort design was employed to test whether HWL effectiveness in Waves 1 and 2 was associated with quitting SLT in Waves 2 and 3, respectively. RESULTS The 2011 HWL revision did not result in any significant changes in HWL effectiveness. There was no significant change in HWL awareness and salience after larger HWLs were introduced in 2016, but respondents were more likely to consider SLT health risks (Wave 2=17.9%, Wave 3=33.6%, p<0.001) and quitting SLT (Wave 2=18.9%, Wave 3=36.5, p<0.001). There was no change in HWLs stopping SLT use (Wave 2=36.6%, Wave 3=35.2%, p=0.829); however, respondents were more likely to avoid looking at HWLs (Wave 2=10.1%, Wave 3=40.2%, p<0.001). Effectiveness of older, symbolic and smaller pictorial HWLs was not associated with quitting SLT. DISCUSSION There was no significant change in HWL effectiveness following the revision from a symbolic to a pictorial image, but enlarging pictorial images resulted in some improved cognitive and behavioural effects. Results suggested wear-out of HWL salience and that the effectiveness of warnings depends on both their design and time since implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Holdroyd
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Namrata Puntambekar
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pete Driezen
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shannon Gravely
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne C K Quah
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steve Shaowei Xu
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prakash C Gupta
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Geoffrey T Fong
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mangesh S Pednekar
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mishra MK, Gupta S, Shivangi, Sharma M, Sehgal S. The repertoire of mutational signatures in tobacco- and non-tobacco-induced oral cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:3332-3344. [PMID: 37058208 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of tobacco products is one of the established contributors toward the development and spread of oral cancer. Additionally, recent research has indicated oral microbiome, infections with Human papilloma virus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Candida as significant contributing factors to this disease along with lifestyle habits. Deregulation of cellular pathways envisaging metabolism, transcription, translation, and epigenetics caused by these risk factors either individually or in unison is manifold, resulting in the increased risk of oral cancer. Globally, this cancer continues to exist as one of the major causes of cancer-related mortalities; the numbers in the developing South Asian countries clearly indicate yearly escalation. This review encompasses the variety of genetic modifications, including adduct formation, mutation (duplication, deletion, and translocation), and epigenetic changes evident in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In addition, it highlights the interference caused by tobacco products in Wnt signaling, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JAK-STAT, and other important pathways. The information provided also ensures a comprehensive and critical revisit to non-tobacco-induced OSCC. Extensive literature survey and analysis has been conducted to generate the chromosome maps specifically highlighting OSCC-related mutations with the potential to act as spectacles for the early diagnosis and targeted treatment of this disease cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Mishra
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Sachin Gupta
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, ASCOMS, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Shivangi
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Manshi Sharma
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Shelly Sehgal
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ávila-Burgos L, Guzmán-Saldaña R, Márquez-Corona MDL, Pontigo-Loyola AP, Márquez-Rodríguez S, Mora-Acosta M, Acuña-González GR, Hernández-Morales A, Medina-Solís CE. Socioeconomic Inequalities in Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption: A National Ecological Study in Mexican Adolescents. ScientificWorldJournal 2023; 2023:3604004. [PMID: 37434965 PMCID: PMC10332929 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3604004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol and cigarettes are the psychoactive substances that adolescents use most frequently. When both addictions are combined, they carry the worst burden of disease globally. The objective of this study was to identify whether socioeconomic factors correlate with alcohol and tobacco consumption in Mexican adolescents aged 10 years or more and to establish the relationship in the consumption between the two substances. This ecological study utilized data describing alcohol and tobacco consumption among adolescents aged 10-16 years (n = 48,837 ≈ N = 11,621,100). Having ever consumed any alcohol-containing beverage constituted alcohol consumption. Smoking a cigarette within 30 days constituted cigarette consumption. For both variables, the state-level percentages reported in the survey were used. Diverse socioeconomic variables were collected from official sources. Data on the prevalence of tobacco use and alcohol consumption were entered into an Excel database estimated for each of the states of the Mexican Republic, as well as the socioeconomic variables. We performed the analysis using Stata 14. Consumption prevalence was 15.0% for alcohol and 4.2% for tobacco. Alcohol consumption was not correlated with any studied socioeconomic variable (p > 0.05). The prevalence of tobacco consumption among elementary school students correlated (p < 0.05) with the portion of the population living in private dwellings without sewage, drainage, or sanitation (r = 0.3853). The prevalence of tobacco consumption among middle-school adolescents correlated with the portion of the employed population that earned up to two minimum wages (r = 0.3960), the percentage in poverty by income 2008 (r = 0.4754) and 2010 (r = 0.4531), and the percentage in extreme poverty by income 2008 (r = 0.4612) and 2010 (r = 0.4291). Positive correlations were found between tobacco consumption and alcohol consumption among both elementary (r = 0.5762, p=0.0006) and middle-school children (r = 0.7016, p=0.0000). These results suggest that certain socioeconomic factors correlate with tobacco consumption but not alcohol consumption. A correlation between alcohol consumption and tobacco consumption was observed. The results can be used for developing interventions in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Ávila-Burgos
- Health Systems Research Center, The National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Guzmán-Saldaña
- Academic Area of Psychology, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Mexico
| | | | | | - Sonia Márquez-Rodríguez
- Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - Mariana Mora-Acosta
- Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Mexico
| | | | | | - Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís
- Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Mexico
- Advanced Studies and Research Center in Dentistry “Keisaburo Miyata”, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of State of Mexico, Toluca, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ahmed W, Muhammad T, Maurya C, Akhtar SN. Prevalence and factors associated with undiagnosed and uncontrolled heart disease: A study based on self-reported chronic heart disease and symptom-based angina pectoris among middle-aged and older Indian adults. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287455. [PMID: 37379277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the prevalence of heart diseases and angina pectoris and associated factors among middle-aged and older Indian adults. Additionally, the study examined the prevalence and associated factors of undiagnosed and uncontrolled heart disease among middle-aged and older adults based on self-reported chronic heart disease (CHD) and symptom-based angina pectoris (AP). METHODS We used cross-sectional data from the first wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India, 2017-18. The sample consists of 59,854 individuals (27, 769 males and 32,085 females) aged 45 years and above. Maximum likelihood binary logistic regression models were employed to examine the associations between morbidities, other covariates (demographic factors, socio-economic factors and behavioral factors) and heart disease and angina. RESULTS A proportion of 4.16% older males and 3.55% older females reported the diagnosis of heart diseases. A proportion of 4.69% older males and 7.02% older females had symptom-based angina. The odds of having heart disease were higher among those who were hypertensive and who had family history of heart disease, and it was higher among those whose cholesterol levels were higher. Individuals with hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol and family history of heart disease were more likely to have angina than their healthy counterparts. The odds of undiagnosed heart disease were lower but the odds of uncontrolled heart disease were higher among those who were hypertensive than non-hypertensive individuals. Those having diabetes were less likely to have undiagnosed heart disease while among the diabetic people the odds of uncontrolled heart disease were higher. Similarly, higher odds were observed among people with high cholesterol, having stroke and also among those who had a history of heart disease than their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS The present study provided a comparative prevalence of heart disease and agina and their associations with chronic diseases among middle-aged and older adults in India. The higher prevalence of undiagnosed and uncontrolled heart disease and their risk factors among middle-aged and older Indians manisfest alarming public health concerns and future health demand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waquar Ahmed
- Tata Institute of Social Sciences, School of Health Systems Studies, Mumbai, India
| | - T Muhammad
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Chanda Maurya
- Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Saddaf Naaz Akhtar
- Faculty of Social, Human and Mathematical Sciences, Centre for Research on Ageing, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nargis N, Xue Z, Asare S, Bandi P, Jemal A. Declining trend in cigarette smoking among U.S. adults over 2008-2018: A decomposition analysis. Soc Sci Med 2023; 328:115982. [PMID: 37269745 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The United States (U.S.) witnessed considerable reduction in cigarette smoking prevalence in the recent past. While the correlates of smoking prevalence and related disparities among U.S. adults are well documented, there is limited information on how this success was shared among different population sub-groups. Based on data from the National Health Interview Surveys, 2008 and 2018, representative of non-institutionalized U.S. adults (18 years and above), we applied the threefold Kitawaga-Oaxaca-Blinder linear decomposition analysis. We decomposed the trends in cigarette smoking prevalence, smoking initiation, and successful cessation into changes in population characteristics holding smoking propensities constant (compositional change), changes in smoking propensities by population characteristics holding population composition constant (structural change), and the unmeasured macro-level changes affecting smoking behavior in different population sub-groups at differential rates (residual change) to quantify the shares of population sub-groups by sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, employment status, health insurance coverage, family income, and region of residence in the overall change in smoking rates. The analysis shows that decreases in smoking propensities regardless of the changes in population composition accounted for 66.4% of the reduction in smoking prevalence and 88.7% of the reduction in smoking initiation. The major reductions in smoking propensity were among Medicaid recipients and young adults (ages 18-24 years). The 25-44-year-olds experienced moderate increase in successful smoking cessation, while the overall successful smoking cessation rate remained steady. Taken together, consistent reduction in smoking among U.S. adults by all major population characteristics, accompanied by disproportionately larger reduction in smoking propensities among the population sub-groups with initially higher smoking propensity compared to the national average, characterized the decline in overall cigarette smoking. Strengthening proven tobacco control measures with targeted interventions to reduce smoking propensities among underserved populations is key to continued success in reducing smoking overall and remedying inequities in smoking and population health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nigar Nargis
- American Cancer Society, 3380 Chastain Meadows Pkwy NW Suite 200, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA.
| | - Zheng Xue
- American Cancer Society, 3380 Chastain Meadows Pkwy NW Suite 200, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
| | - Samuel Asare
- American Cancer Society, 3380 Chastain Meadows Pkwy NW Suite 200, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
| | - Priti Bandi
- American Cancer Society, 3380 Chastain Meadows Pkwy NW Suite 200, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- American Cancer Society, 3380 Chastain Meadows Pkwy NW Suite 200, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wetzel S, Geldsetzer P, Mani SS, Gupta A, Singh K, Ali MK, Prabhakaran D, Tandon N, Sudharsanan N. Changing socioeconomic and geographic gradients in cardiovascular disease risk factors among Indians aged 15-49 years - evidence from nationally representative household surveys. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2023; 12:100188. [PMID: 37384058 PMCID: PMC10305936 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). CVDs and their metabolic risk factors have historically been concentrated among urban residents with higher socioeconomic status (SES) in LMICs such as India. However, as India develops, it is unclear whether these socioeconomic and geographic gradients will persist or change. Understanding these social dynamics in CVD risk is essential for mitigating the rising burden of CVDs and to reach those with the greatest needs. Methods Using nationally representative data with biomarker measurements from the fourth (2015-16) and fifth (2019-21) Indian National Family and Health Surveys, we investigated trends in the prevalence of four CVD risk factors: smoking (self-reported), unhealthy weight (BMI ≥25 kgm2), diabetes (random plasma glucose concentration ≥200 mg/dL or self-reported diabetes), and hypertension (one of: average systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, average diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, self-reported past diagnosis, or self-reported current antihypertensive medication use) among adults aged 15-49 years. We first described changes at the national level and then trends stratified by place of residence (urban versus rural), geographic region (northern, northeastern, central, eastern, western, southern), regional level of development (Empowered Action Group member state or not), and two measures of socioeconomic status: level of education (no education, primary incomplete, primary complete, secondary incomplete, secondary complete, higher) and wealth (quintiles). Findings Unhealthy weight increased among all social and geographic groups but both the absolute and the relative changes were substantially higher among people with low SES (as measured by education or wealth) and in rural areas. For diabetes and hypertension, the prevalence increased for those from disadvantaged groups while staying constant or even decreasing among the wealthier and more educated. In contrast, smoking consumption declined for all social and geographic groups. Interpretation In 2015-16, CVD risk factors were higher among more advantaged subpopulations in India. However, between 2015-16 and 2019-21, the prevalence of these risk factors grew more rapidly for less wealthy and less educated subpopulations and those living in rural areas. These trends have resulted in CVD risk becoming far more widespread throughout the population; CVD can no longer be characterized as a wealthy urban phenomenon. Funding This work was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (grant received by NS); the Stanford Diabetes Research Center [grant received by PG] and the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub [grant received by PG].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wetzel
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Geldsetzer
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sneha Sarah Mani
- Graduate Group in Demography, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Aashish Gupta
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, MA, USA
| | - Kavita Singh
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Mohammed K. Ali
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, India
- Public Health Foundation of India, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India
| | - Nikkil Sudharsanan
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Behavioral Science for Disease Prevention and Health Care, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Anand R, Sengupta N. Smokeless tobacco control measures: assumptions that matter. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2023; 9:100119. [PMID: 37383037 PMCID: PMC10305941 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2022.100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
|
13
|
Narayanaswamy S, Kumar A. Comparative study of lipid profile among young smokers and nonsmokers in south Indian population. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF DR. D.Y. PATIL VIDYAPEETH 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_873_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
|
14
|
Bharati B, Sahu KS, Pati S. Prevalence of smokeless tobacco use in India and its association with various occupations: A LASI study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1005103. [PMID: 36923032 PMCID: PMC10008850 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1005103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background More than two-thirds of deaths in developing countries are due to non-communicable diseases, and tobacco is a leading risk factor. There are numerous different socio-demographic factors that impact on the use of smokeless tobacco, of which occupation is one. The objectives of this study are to find out the overall prevalence of smokeless tobacco use (ever and current use), the pattern of association with various occupations and related variables (current and past workers), and the role of childhood adversity on initiation and use. Methods This study used data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) wave 1, a nationally representative cross-sectional study collected in 2017-18. Current and previous users of smokeless tobacco are taken into consideration as the target population. For the data analysis, survey-weighted tools have been applied for descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression model. The weighted data analysis has been done using R studio with R version 4. Results and discussion From the sample size of 65,561, 38% have used either smoking or smokeless tobacco. Among them, 40% use tobacco in smoke form, 51% use smokeless tobacco, and 9% take both. At the population level, 22.8 and 20.4% are previous and current users of smokeless tobacco, respectively. Type of occupation, type of employer, place of work, kind of business, and workload were found to be significantly associated with smokeless tobacco use. A deaddiction and tobacco quitting policy targeting rural male informal workers should be the focus of the Government.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirti Sundar Sahu
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Are C. Reflections on Cancer/Healthcare Landscape in India on the Occasion of 75 Years of Independence: Glorious Past and a Future Filled with Pride and Optimism. Indian J Surg Oncol 2022; 13:96-100. [PMID: 36212625 PMCID: PMC9532231 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-022-01662-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakanth Are
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rahaman M, Roy A, Kapasia N, Chouhan P. Prevalence and predictors of current tobacco exposure among older adults with chronic disease in India: evidence from large-scale sample survey. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2146014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margubur Rahaman
- Department of Migration & Urban Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, India
| | - Avijit Roy
- Department of Geography, Malda College, Malda, India
| | | | - Pradip Chouhan
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sharma N, Joshi N, Nazar GP, Arora M, Malhotra S, Bhatt G, Goel S. Association of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP) and tobacco use among women of reproductive age group in India: A secondary data analysis from NFHS-4. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:5799-5806. [PMID: 36505643 PMCID: PMC9730975 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_160_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tobacco use in any form is known to exert several perinatal complications. Through this study, the authors aimed to study the association between tobacco use and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP) among women (aged 15-49 years) in India. Methodology We used data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4, 2015-2016) to study the association between tobacco use and HDP among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in India. Since the NFHS follows a complex multi-level sampling, sampling weights were used to study the univariate and multivariate associations between the independent and dependent variables. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) are reported along with 95% Confidence Intervals. Results A sample of 1,07730 women was included in the analysis. HDP was more likely to be experienced by smokeless and smoking tobacco users (AOR 1.3, 95% CI (1.0-1.6) and AOR 2.7, 95% CI (2.0-3.7), respectively). Women with secondary (AOR 0.7, 95% CI (0.7-0.8)) and higher education (AOR 0.7, 95% CI (0.6-0.8)) were less likely to suffer from HDP as compared to those with no education. Women with daily (AOR 0.7, 95% CI (0.5-0.8)), weekly (AOR 0.8, 95% CI (0.6-0.9)) or occasional AOR 0.7, 95% CI (0.6-0.9)) consumption of fruits were less likely to experience HDP as compared to women with no fruit intake. Conclusion Healthy diet and lifestyle factors can contribute to reduce the risk of HDP across women. The antenatal check-ups in India should also comprehensively focus on screening and counseling of women against tobacco use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Sharma
- Healthy Related Information Dissemination among Youth (HRIDAY), B5/94, First Floor, Safdurjung Enclave, New Delhi, India
| | - Nishigandha Joshi
- Healthy Related Information Dissemination among Youth (HRIDAY), B5/94, First Floor, Safdurjung Enclave, New Delhi, India
| | - Gaurang P. Nazar
- Healthy Related Information Dissemination among Youth (HRIDAY), B5/94, First Floor, Safdurjung Enclave, New Delhi, India
| | - Monika Arora
- Healthy Related Information Dissemination among Youth (HRIDAY), B5/94, First Floor, Safdurjung Enclave, New Delhi, India,Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), Plot No. 47, Sector 44, Institutional Area Gurugram, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumit Malhotra
- Health Promotion, Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Bhatt
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sonu Goel
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Sonu Goel, Professor of Health Management, Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh - 160 012, India. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nair S, Singh L, Deepani V, Alee NT, Sharma S, Ovung S, Hijam M, Singh SR, Aheibam S, Singh KJ, Haobijam N, Kaur H, Vardhana Rao MV. Predictors of smokeless tobacco use among the adult population of north-east India during 2009-2017: A decomposition analysis. Indian J Med Res 2022; 156:330-338. [PMID: 36629193 PMCID: PMC10057354 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_3229_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Contrary to overall declining trend in smokeless tobacco (SLT) use in India, an increase is observed in north-east (NE) India. This study examined the predictors of daily SLT use by gender and assessed the demographic and socio-economic characteristics that contribute to gender differences in SLT use in NE India. Methods Data collected from 15,259 and 13,574 adults in the two rounds of Global Tobacco Adult Survey 1 and 2 for NE India during 2009-2010 and 2016-2017 were analyzed. Relative change, multivariable binary logistic regression and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis were used for analysis. Results The findings suggest that among women in NE India, the daily SLT use significantly increased by 58 per cent between 2009-2010 to 2016-2017. Women residing in Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura were 3.5 and 2.5 times, respectively more likely to be daily SLT users compared to those in Assam. While age, education and wealth were the significant predictors of SLT use in both women and men, increased odds of SLT use were observed with women's type of occupation and the State of residence. The majority of the gender differences in daily SLT use was explained by differences in work status (44%), age (26%), education (14%) and wealth status (9%) between men and women. Interpretation & conclusions Increasing prevalence of SLT use amongst women in the NE States necessitates integration of gender-specific messages on harmful effects of SLT in the ongoing tobacco control programmes and development of culturally appropriate community-based interventions for cessation of SLT use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saritha Nair
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Lucky Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijit Deepani
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Nongzaimayum Tawfeeq Alee
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi; Department of Psychology, Amity Institute of Behavioural & Allied Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Senthanro Ovung
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Meena Hijam
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Nirendra Haobijam
- Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kumar S, Patel R, Chauhan S, Gupte SS. Prevalence, pattern, and cessation of tobacco consumption among older adults in India. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2021.1955986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Kumar
- Department of Mathematical Demography & Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Ratna Patel
- Department of Public Health and Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Shekhar Chauhan
- Department of Population Policies and Programmes, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Samriddhi S. Gupte
- Data analyst, Max Institute of Healthcare Management, Indian School of Business, Mohali, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ramamoorthy T, Leburu S, Kulothungan V, Mathur P. Regional estimates of noncommunicable diseases associated risk factors among adults in India: results from National Noncommunicable Disease Monitoring Survey. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1069. [PMID: 35637501 PMCID: PMC9150326 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study describes regional differences and determinants on key noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors in adults from the National NCD Monitoring Survey (NNMS) across six geographic regions of India. Methods The NNMS was a cross-sectional multistage cluster survey conducted in 2017–18, on a representative sample of 300 urban and 300 rural primary sampling units (PSU) covering 20 households per PSU. One adult aged 18–69 years per household was selected using the KISH grid. Globally standard survey tools were adapted for data collection. To arrive at regional estimates, the country was divided into six regions (south, north, central, west, east and northeast) based on the distribution of a national sample. The results are presented as proportion with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify NCD risk factor determinants significant in the regions. A p-value < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Results The overall survey response rate was 96.3%. The prevalence of current tobacco (45.7%) and alcohol use (22.3%) was significantly high in the northeast region. The highest proportion of adults from northern India showed low levels of physical activity (49.6%). The prevalence of metabolic risk factors — obesity (12.5%), raised fasting blood glucose (21.2%) and raised blood pressure (35.6%) was highest in south India. The prevalence of raised blood pressure was high in north India (35.2%) similar in proportion to south India. Clustering of ≥3 risk factors (50.1%) and ten-year CVD risk of ≥30% or with existing CVD (18.1%) was highest in south India when compared to other regions. Older age, urban residents, alcohol consumption and overweight/obesity were significantly associated with higher odds of raised blood pressure and raised fasting blood glucose. Conclusion The NNMS presents variations in NCD risk factors within the regions of India. It contributes to robust evidence for strengthening interventions and monitoring the progress in reducing NCDs and their associated risk factors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13466-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thilagavathi Ramamoorthy
- Indian Council of Medical Research - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India
| | - Sravya Leburu
- Indian Council of Medical Research - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India
| | - Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan
- Indian Council of Medical Research - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India
| | - Prashant Mathur
- Indian Council of Medical Research - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nayak R, Kamath A, Li J, Kulkarni MM, Kamath VG, Kumar P, Naik A, Parrott S, Mdege ND. The association between the retail price of manufactured cigarettes and bidis on current smoking status in India. Tob Induc Dis 2022; 20:43. [PMID: 35600725 PMCID: PMC9074849 DOI: 10.18332/tid/146904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In India, the retail prices of bidis and cigarettes varied between the two Global Adult Tobacco Surveys (GATS) conducted in 2009-2010 and 2016-2017. The relationship between the retail price of smoked tobacco products and their use is unclear for India. Our study thus aimed to use available datasets to investigate the association between the retail price and current smoking status of bidis and cigarettes in India. METHODS Current smoking status data for bidis and cigarettes were obtained from the two GATS rounds. The average state-level retail prices of bidis and cigarettes were obtained from India's Consumer Price Index- Industrial Workers database. Descriptive statistics were used to describe current smoking status patterns. Generalized Linear Mixed Models were used to investigate the association between the retail prices and current smoking status of bidis and cigarettes. RESULTS For cigarettes, an increase in the average retail price by one Indian Rupee was associated with a reduction in the odds of being a current smoker of 7% (OR=0.925; 95% CI: 0.918-0.932, p<0.001). For bidis, the association between the retail price and current smoking status was not statistically significant (OR=1.01; 95% CI: 1.00-1.02, p=0.082). CONCLUSIONS Current increases in the retail prices of tobacco products in India seem to have an impact on the use of cigarettes but not bidis. This highlights the need for tobacco product tax increases that result in sufficient retail prices increase to make all tobacco products less affordable and reduce their use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Nayak
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Asha Kamath
- Department of Data Science, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Jinshuo Li
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Muralidhar M. Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Veena G. Kamath
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Commerce, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ashwath Naik
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Steve Parrott
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Noreen D. Mdege
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Male D, Kansabe S, Lukwata H, Rubanga A, Siddiqi K, Bauld L, McNeill A, Dobbie F. Smokeless Tobacco in Uganda: Perceptions among Tobacco Control Stakeholders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3398. [PMID: 35329084 PMCID: PMC8950400 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The use and sale of smokeless tobacco (SLT) is prohibited in Uganda under the Tobacco Control Act (TCA), 2015. Nonetheless, SLT products remain available, and there are limited and inconsistent data on SLT users. Additionally, the perceptions of tobacco control stakeholders on SLT are unknown, making it difficult to determine barriers to enforcing the ban. This study examined perceptions of tobacco control stakeholders regarding SLT in Uganda. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders who were purposively selected from ministries, semi-autonomous government agencies and Civil Society Organizations. Interviews explored knowledge, attitudes, perceptions of SLT appeal, and user demographics. Data were analysed using Nvivo V.12 software. Participants demonstrated a general lack of awareness of SLT product types and the extent of their use. They believed SLT use was increasing among females and minors and was as harmful to health and the economy as smoking. SLT products were thought to be cheaper than cigarettes and to appeal to minors. Discreet use was thought to help users overcome the cultural aversion towards tobacco use among women and youth in Uganda. There is an urgent need to strengthen the implementation of the SLT ban whilst also increasing efforts to reduce tobacco smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Male
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bioengineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda;
| | - Shirley Kansabe
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bioengineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda;
| | - Hafsa Lukwata
- Mental Health Division, Ministry of Health, Kampala P.O. Box 7272, Uganda;
| | - Alexander Rubanga
- International Affairs Unit, Uganda Revenue Authority, Kampala P.O. Box 7279, Uganda;
| | - Kamran Siddiqi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK;
| | - Linda Bauld
- Usher Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK;
| | - Ann McNeill
- Department of Addictions, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8BB, UK;
| | - Fiona Dobbie
- Usher Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chatterjee N, Kadam R, Patil D, Chavan A, Vernekar D. Assessing the efficacy of a tobacco prevention and control intervention in a rural area of India: A quasi-experimental study. Indian J Community Med 2022; 47:258-261. [PMID: 36034234 PMCID: PMC9400355 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_1300_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Objectives: Materials and Methods: Results: Conclusions:
Collapse
|
24
|
Verma M, Bhatt G, Nath B, Kar SS, Goel S. Tobacco consumption trends and correlates of successful cessation in Indian females: Findings of Global Adult Tobacco Surveys. Indian J Tuberc 2021; 68S:S29-S38. [PMID: 34538388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2021.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female gender is being affected disproportionately by tobacco use. The correlates of tobacco use among women are different from men, which has not been studied in India. To develop gender-sensitive interventions and policies in tobacco control, it's essential to ascertain the factors that affect tobacco consumption and successful cessation among Indian women. METHODS This secondary data analysis was done for females respondents aged >15 years using the data generated from the GATS-1 (2009-2010) and GATS-II (2016-2017). The primary dependent variables included interest in quitting smoking/SLT, attempt to quit smoking/SLT, successful quitting. The independent variables were broadly categorized as a community, household, and individual level. Simple descriptive analysis using % age relative change was used to calculate the change in tobacco consumption between two rounds of GATS, whereas; bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to calculate the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio for cessation related variables (GATS-2). RESULTS There was a 29.5% relative reduction in the prevalence of tobacco use in round-2 among females. A maximum reduction in the prevalence was observed in the 15-29 years (-51.3%), those not exposed the media advertisements (-19.9%). While unadjusted OR depicted that unmarried women, young age, asked by health workers about tobacco use, and advice given by them increased the interest in quitting smoking, none of them emerged to be significant on a multivariable logistic regression except the advice given by the health care provider. Successful cessation (>6 months) of SLT products is possible in urban areas, with decreased exposure to media advertisements. CONCLUSION There is an urgent need for gender-sensitive policies in tobacco control and the integration of these policies with relevant national health programs. This shall help to synergize efforts and obtain better outcomes that would support the overarching goal of tobacco-free India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhur Verma
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Garima Bhatt
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bhola Nath
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sitanshu Sekhar Kar
- Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Sonu Goel
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India; Public Health Masters Program, School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Ireland; Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|