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McCarthy M, Giltenane M, Doody O. A seesaw of equilibrium, midwives' experiences of infection prevention and control guideline adherence: A qualitative descriptive study. J Infect Prev 2024; 25:188-197. [PMID: 39318725 PMCID: PMC11418265 DOI: 10.1177/17571774241245259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Infection prevention and control guidelines play a key role in preventing infections which can impact mothers and their newborn's quality of life. Despite the presence of evidenced-based infection prevention and control guidelines, midwives' adherence can be suboptimal internationally. The identification of facilitators and barriers to infection prevention and control guidelines can support practice and facilitate midwifery care. Aim To understand midwives' experiences of the barriers and facilitators when adhering to infection prevention and control guidelines. Methods A qualitative descriptive study using semi-structured interviews with 10 midwives from February to March 2022. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed utilising Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis framework involving the six steps of becoming familiar with the data, generating initial codes, generating themes, reviewing themes, defining and naming the themes, and presenting themes. Findings Two themes developed; seesaw for equilibrium and back to basics: learning on your feet. Midwives experienced conflicting emotional motivators in the need for professional integrity towards infection prevention and control guideline adherence. The work environment impacts on midwives' ability to adhere to guidelines and communication and education have a vital role to play in infection prevention and control guideline adherence. Conclusions While midwives have a strong sense of protection of professional integrity, work conditions such as environment, organisational structures, and management systems affect midwives' adherence to infection prevention and control guidelines. Effective education, training, and communication are required to promote infection prevention and control guideline adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Giltenane
- Health Research Institute, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Owen Doody
- Health Research Institute, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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2
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Das A, Garg R, Singh R, Banerjee T. Characterization and assessment of exposure risks of healthcare personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:3094-3105. [PMID: 39228599 PMCID: PMC11368371 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1783_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Healthcare personnel have the right to decent, healthy, and safe working conditions during COVID-19. Despite our best efforts to safeguard them against SARS-CoV-2 infection, a substantially large number of healthcare personnel fell ill and succumbed to COVID-19. This study aimed to characterize the SARS-CoV-2 exposures among healthcare personnel and determine the risk level of those events, thereby identifying and focusing on the key areas that influence workplace safety. Materials and Methods A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data from healthcare personnel on the type of exposure, place, and use of preventive measures, along with demographic and occupational data. Exposure events were categorized into low, moderate, and high-risk by using a risk categorization protocol. Results Doctors were primarily found to be involved in the aerosol-generating procedure, which had 94 times higher odds (95% CI: 43.9926-201.17) for high-risk exposures than other activities. In contrast, nurses were more likely to experience close-contact exposures (OR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.44-5.33). Both critical care units and operation theaters were identified to have higher odds (OR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.33-4.23 and OR: 2.31; 95% CI: 0.99-5.42, respectively) than the wards for high-risk exposures. Use of personal protective equipment was poor, with breaches reported in 10.2% of all exposure events. The lacunae in practice were addressed by repeated training and counseling and by ensuring the adequacy of resources in required areas. Conclusions The assessment was beneficial for safeguarding healthcare personnel and assuring a safer workplace during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Das
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Madurai, Tamil Nadu
| | - Rahul Garg
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Ravindra Singh
- Central Sterile Services Department (CSSD), Trauma Center, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tuhina Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
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3
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Madhusudanan A, Iddon C, Cevik M, Naismith JH, Fitzgerald S. Non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19: a systematic review on environmental control measures. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2023; 381:20230130. [PMID: 37611631 PMCID: PMC10446906 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review was to identify the effectiveness of environmental control (EC) non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through conducting a systematic review. EC NPIs considered in this review are room ventilation, air filtration/cleaning, room occupancy, surface disinfection, barrier devices, [Formula: see text] monitoring and one-way-systems. Systematic searches of databases from Web of Science, Medline, EMBASE, preprint servers MedRxiv and BioRxiv were conducted in order to identify studies reported between 1 January 2020 and 1 December 2022. All articles reporting on the effectiveness of ventilation, air filtration/cleaning, room occupancy, surface disinfection, barrier devices, [Formula: see text] monitoring and one-way systems in reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 were retrieved and screened. In total, 13 971 articles were identified for screening. The initial title and abstract screening identified 1328 articles for full text review. Overall, 19 references provided evidence for the effectiveness of NPIs: 12 reported on ventilation, 4 on air cleaning devices, 5 on surface disinfection, 6 on room occupancy and 1 on screens/barriers. No studies were found that considered the effectiveness of [Formula: see text] monitoring or the implementation of one-way systems. Many of these studies were assessed to have critical risk of bias in at least one domain, largely due to confounding factors that could have affected the measured outcomes. As a result, there is low confidence in the findings. Evidence suggests that EC NPIs of ventilation, air cleaning devices and reduction in room-occupancy may have a role in reducing transmission in certain settings. However, the evidence was usually of low or very low quality and certainty, and hence the level of confidence ascribed to this conclusion is low. Based on the evidence found, it was not possible to draw any specific conclusions regarding the effectiveness of surface disinfection and the use of barrier devices. From these results, we further conclude that community agreed standards for well-designed epidemiological studies with low risk of bias are needed. Implementation of such standards would enable more confident assessment in the future of the effectiveness of EC NPIs in reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens in real-world settings. This article is part of the theme issue 'The effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the COVID-19 pandemic: the evidence'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher Iddon
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Muge Cevik
- Department of Infection and Global Health, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, KY16 9TF, St Andrews, UK
| | | | - Shaun Fitzgerald
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, Cambridge, UK
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4
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Weldetinsae A, Alemu ZA, Tefaye K, Gizaw M, Alemahyehu E, Tayachew A, Derso S, Abate M, Getachew M, Abera D, Mebrhatu A, Kefale H, Habebe S, Assefa T, Mekonnen A, Tollera G, Tessema M. Adherence to infection prevention and control measures and risk of exposure among health-care workers: A cross-sectional study from the early period of COVID-19 pandemic in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1365. [PMID: 37359411 PMCID: PMC10288972 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Healthcare workers (HCWs) are considered a high-risk group for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure, ascribed to the amount of time they spend in health-care facilities (HCFs). This study aimed to assess HCWs' compliance with Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) procedures and the risk of exposure during the early period of the pandemic in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to September 2020. With a response rate of 79.2%, a standardized questionnaire was administered among 247 HCWs, working in eight HCFs. Descriptive and multivariate regression analysis was carried out in STATA version 16. Results About 22.5% (55) of the HCWs had proper adherence to IPC procedures. Of the total participants, 28.2% (69) had proper use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), 40% (98) had proper hand hygiene practices, and 33.1% (81) had frequently cleaned their working environment. HCWs who received training on IPC protocols were four times more likely to follow IPC standards than those with no training (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.46, 10.58). Besides, HCWs working in treatment centers were four times more likely to follow IPC standards than those working in conventional hospitals (AOR = 3.61; 95% CI:1.63, 8.02). Nurses were four times more likely to have adherence to IPC measures than cleaners and runners (AOR = 4.37; 95% CI: 1.38-13.88). Conclusion The nature and magnitude of the pandemic did not introduce the required degree of adherence to IPC procedures, per se does not match the level of diligence needed to halt SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Our finding suggested that providing periodic training of HCWs with particular emphasis on nonclinical staff is commendable. Furthermore, it is necessary to maintain resilent IPC in HCF through continous follow up and safety drills, to assess the readiness of HFCs' adherance to IPC measures under normal circumstances, which could improve prepardeness for an effective response during epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Melaku Gizaw
- Ethiopian Public Health InstituteAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | | | | | - Sisay Derso
- Ethiopian Public Health InstituteAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Moa Abate
- Ethiopian Public Health InstituteAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | | | - Daniel Abera
- Ethiopian Public Health InstituteAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | | | - Higu Kefale
- Ethiopia Ministry of HealthAddis AbabaEthiopia
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Yap JF, Ng RJ, Chin SM, Mohammed Abu Bakar R, Nik Jaafar NZ, Mohamad Razali SZ, Ahmad SN, Ng CW, Ahmad Zaki R, Syed Omar SF, Kamarulzaman A, Hasnan N, Ponnampalavanar SSLS, Cheng Lim Y, Hoe VCW. Factors Associated With Nosocomial COVID-19 Infection Among Health Care Workers in an Urban-Setting Malaysia Hospital. Asia Pac J Public Health 2023; 35:162-167. [PMID: 36872616 PMCID: PMC9988598 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231159262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
This single-center study aimed to explore the factors associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) transmission in a hospital. All laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases among health care workers (HCWs) in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia were analyzed cross-sectionally from January 25, 2020, to September 10, 2021. A total of 897 HCWs in the hospital had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection during the study period. Around 37.4% of HCWs were suspected to acquire COVID-19 infection from the hospital workplace. Factors associated with lower odds of workplace COVID-19 transmission were being females, ≥30 years old, fully vaccinated, and working as clinical support staff. Involvement in COVID-19 patient care was significantly associated with higher odds (adjusted odds ratio = 3.53, 95% confidence interval: [2.42, 5.12]) of workplace COVID-19 transmission as compared with non-workplace transmission. Most HCWs in the tertiary hospital acquired COVID-19 infection from non-workplace settings. During a pandemic, it is important to communicate with HCWs about the risk of both workplace and non-workplace COVID-19 transmission and to implement measures to reduce both workplace and non-workplace COVID-19 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fai Yap
- Department of Public Health, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rui Jie Ng
- Department of Public Health, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Si Ming Chin
- Department of Public Health, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Siti Nadhila Ahmad
- Department of Public Health, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chiu Wan Ng
- Department of Public Health, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rafdzah Ahmad Zaki
- Department of Public Health, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Faridah Syed Omar
- Department of Infection Control, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adeeba Kamarulzaman
- Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nazirah Hasnan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sasheela Sri La Sri Ponnampalavanar
- Department of Infection Control, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yin Cheng Lim
- Department of Public Health, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Victor Chee Wai Hoe
- Department of Public Health, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Saleh F, Olatunji DI, Ofeimun E, Okpokoro E, Crawford E, Dalhat M, Igumbor E, Eziechina S, Inweregbu S, Ochu CL, Chikwe I. Epidemiology and psychosocial assessment of COVID-19 among workers of the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control infected with COVID-19. J Public Health Afr 2023; 14:2185. [PMID: 36936047 PMCID: PMC10015410 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is a global health crisis. By 2021, Nigeria had 230,000 cases. As the national public health institute, NCDC leads the COVID-19 response. Due to constant contact with infected patients, agency employees are a t high-risk. Here, we describe the transmission and psychosocial effects of COVID- 19 among infected NCDC workers as a learning curve for minimizing occupational transmission among frontline public health workers in future outbreaks. Methods We approved and enrolled all NCDC COVID-19- infected personnel from November to December 2020. We collected data using SurveyMonkey. STATA 14 analyzed the data. Results 172 of 300 afflicted NCDC staff participated in this study. One-third were between 30 and 39; most were male (104, 60.5%). Most participants worked in the lab (30%) or surveillance (24%). Only 19% (33/172) of participants confirmed pandemic deployment. Most reported interaction with a confirmed case (112/65.1%). Most people (78, 45.3%) felt unhappy when diagnosed. Anger, worry, and low motivation also ranked high (19). The majority reported adequate financial, moral, or psychosocial assistance (26, 70.6%). Conclusions NCDC staff had a high SARS-CoV-2 infection rate and emotional damage. We urge stricter infection control methods when sending staff for outbreaks response to prevent additional transmission, as well as ongoing psychosocial and economic assistance for afflicted workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Saleh
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - David Idowu Olatunji
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria
- 801 Ebitu Ukiwe Street, Jabi, Abuja, Nigeria. +2348107328566.
| | | | | | | | | | - Ehimario Igumbor
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
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7
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Arns B, Agani CAJO, Sesin GP, Horvath JDC, Fogazzi DV, Romeiro Silva FK, Costa LS, Pereira AJ, Nassar Junior AP, Cavalcanti BT, Dietrich C, Veiga VC, Catarino DG, Cheno MY, Biasi A, Ferronatto BR, Bassetti BR, Fernandes CCF, Deutschendorf C, Grion CMC, Vidal CFDL, de Oliveira CD, Caser EB, Boschi E, Silva EM, Pizzol FD, Urbano HCDA, Silva I, Maia IS, Rego LRDM, Oliveira LP, Tavares MB, Dracoulakis MDA, Bainy MP, Golin NA, Tomba PO, Kurtz PMP, Foernges RB, Prestes RM, de Melo RMV, Da Silva RR, Toledo TGP, Lima VP, Fernandes VDF, Lovato WJ, Zavascki AP. Evaluation of the characteristics of infection prevention and control programs and infection control committees in Brazilian hospitals: A countrywide cross-sectional study. ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP & HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY : ASHE 2023; 3:e79. [PMID: 37179767 PMCID: PMC10173283 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2023.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective Data are scarce regarding hospital infection control committees and compliance with infection prevention and control (IPC) recommendations in Brazil, a country of continental dimensions. We assessed the main characteristics of infection control committees (ICCs) on healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in Brazilian hospitals. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in ICCs of public and private hospitals distributed across all Brazilian regions. Data were collected directly from the ICC staff by completing an online questionnaire and during on-site visits through face-to-face interviews. Results In total, 53 Brazilian hospitals were evaluated from October 2019 to December 2020. All hospitals had implemented the IPC core components in their programs. All centers had protocols for the prevention and control of ventilator-associated pneumonia as well as bloodstream, surgical site, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Most hospitals (80%) had no budget specifically allocated to the IPC program; 34% of the laundry staff had received specific IPC training; and only 7.5% of hospitals reported occupational infections in healthcare workers. Conclusions In this sample, most ICCs complied with the minimum requirements for IPC programs. The main limitation regarding ICCs was the lack of financial support. The findings of this survey support the development of strategic plans to improve IPCs in Brazilian hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Arns
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Author for correspondence: Beatriz Arns, MD, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 630, sala 815. Bairro Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil. E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emerson Boschi
- Hospital Geral de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Iany Silva
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São João Del Rei, São João del Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Israel Silva Maia
- HCor Research Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Nereu Ramos, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Marina Peres Bainy
- Hospital Escola Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Pablo Oscar Tomba
- Hospital do Cancer Barretos, Unidade Jales, Jales, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Valéria Paes Lima
- Hospital Universitário de Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | | | - Wilson José Lovato
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Prehn Zavascki
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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8
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Hajmohammadi M, Saki Malehi A, Maraghi E. Effectiveness of Using Face Masks and Personal Protective Equipment to Reducing the Spread of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:36. [PMID: 37057222 PMCID: PMC10086652 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_337_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently published researches show that 59% of all transmission came from asymptomatic transmission and at the time of diagnosis health-care workers (HCWs) tend to present without respiratory symptoms. These evidences have raised questions on whether an essential policy for use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is the best approach in HCW and other people or not. Therefore, this study conducted to investigate the effectiveness of using face masks and PPE in reducing the spread of COVID-19 in health-care and non-health-care settings. This systematic review and meta-analysis study was prepared according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis statement and guided by meta-analysis of observational studies recommendations. Searches in databases were conducted from December 2019 to July 2021. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed to investigate the effect of using face masks and PPE on spread of COVID-19. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using Cochran's Q test and the I 2 metrics. In total, 9920 individuals from 14 studies were included in this study. In all settings, application of PPE or any type of masks was associated with reduction in risk of COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.29, 0.65]; I 2 = 85.21%). In the HCW subgroup, the protective effect had a combined OR of 0.33 (95% CI: (0.15,0.73), I 2 = 82.61%). Six studies were found protective effects of wearing mask in non-HCWs (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: (0.31, 1.06), I 2 = 85.63%). Results suggest that there is association between face mask/PPE use and reduction of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hajmohammadi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amal Saki Malehi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elham Maraghi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Elham Maraghi, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. E-mail:
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9
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Svenson O. Perceived Corona virus exposure as a function of interpersonal distance and time of a conversation. DISCOVER SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH 2022; 2:24. [PMID: 36532849 PMCID: PMC9734792 DOI: 10.1007/s44155-022-00027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic people were asked to keep interpersonal distance, wash their hands and avoid gatherings of people. But, do people understand how much a change of the distance to a virus infected person means for the exposure to that person's virus? To answer this question, we studied how people perceive virus exposure from an infected person at different distances and lengths of a conversation. METHOD An online questionnaire was distributed to 101 participants drawn from the general US population. Participants judged perceived virus exposure at different interpersonal distances to an infected person in a face to face conversation of different lengths of time. A model based on empirical and theoretical studies of dispersion of particles in the air was used to estimate a person's objective virus exposure during different times and distances from a virus source. The model and empirical data show that exposure changes with the square of the distance and linearly with time. RESULTS A majority (78%) of the participants underestimated the effects on virus exposure following a change of interpersonal distance. The dominating bias was assuming that exposure varies linearly with distance. To illustrate, an approach to a virus source from 6 to 2 feet was judged to give a 3 times higher exposure but, objectively it is 9 times. By way of contrast, perceptions of exposure as a function of the duration of a conversation were unbiased. The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus is likely to be followed by other pandemics also caused by airborne Corona or other viruses. Therefore, the results are important for administrators when designing risk communications to the general public and workers in the health care sector about social distancing and infection risks. CONCLUSIONS People quite drastically underestimate the increase in virus exposure following an approach to a virus infected person. They also overestimate exposure after a move away from an infected person. For public health reasons, the correct function connecting distance with virus exposure should be communicated to the general public to avoid deliberate violations of recommended interpersonal distances. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44155-022-00027-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Svenson
- Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Decision Research, Eugene, OR USA
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10
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Hammad NM, Kadry HM, Malek MM, Bahgat SM, Abdelsalam NM, Afifi AHM, Abo-alella DA. Maintenance of Antibody Response in Egyptian Healthcare Workers Vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine during Delta and Omicron Variants Pandemic: A Prospective Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101706. [PMID: 36298571 PMCID: PMC9608749 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a constantly evolving virus, resulting in an increased burden on the existing COVID-19 vaccines. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are the first line of defense against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and have been prioritized among the risk categories receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. This work aimed to investigate the maintenance of antibody response of the Oxford−AstraZeneca vaccine (ChAdOx1/nCoV-19). Methods: Anti-spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) was measured at baseline point (immediately prior to vaccination) and 12- and 24-week (w) points following vaccination. Adverse reactions to the vaccine were reported. Participants were followed up for the incidence of COVID-19 during the 12 w interval between vaccination doses for 24 w after the second dose. Results: A total of 255 HCWs participated in the study. Prior to vaccination, 54.1% experienced COVID-19, 88.2% were seropositive after the first dose, while seropositivity reached 95.7% after the second dose. Following the first and second doses, the anti-spike IgG serum level was significantly higher in subjects with past COVID-19 than in others (p < 0.001 and =0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The Oxford−AstraZeneca vaccine is generally safe and provides a highly effective long-term humoral immune response against the Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M. Hammad
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Viral Infection Working Group of International Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (VIWG/ISAC), England and Wales, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1224264909
| | - Heba M. Kadry
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mai M. Malek
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Shereen Mohamed Bahgat
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Abdelsalam
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Doaa Alhussein Abo-alella
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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11
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Harrigan SP, Tsang VWL, Yassi A, Zungu M, Spiegel JM. Impacts of economic inequality on healthcare worker safety at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional analysis of a global survey. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e064804. [PMID: 36198468 PMCID: PMC9534779 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the extent to which protection of healthcare workers (HCWs) as COVID-19 emerged was associated with economic inequality among and within countries. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of associations of perceptions of workplace risk acceptability and mitigation measure adequacy with indicators of respondents' respective country's economic income level (World Bank assessment) and degree of within-country inequality (Gini index). SETTING A global self-administered online survey. PARTICIPANTS 4977 HCWs and healthcare delivery stakeholders from 161 countries responded to health and safety risk questions and a subset of 4076 (81.2%) answered mitigation measure questions. The majority (65%) of study participants were female. RESULTS While the levels of risk being experienced at the pandemic's onset were consistently deemed as unacceptable across all groupings, participants from countries with less income inequality were somewhat less likely to report unacceptable levels of risk to HCWs regarding both workplace environment (OR=0.92, p=0.012) and workplace organisational factors (OR=0.93, p=0.017) compared with counterparts in more unequal national settings. In contrast, considerable variation existed in the degree to which mitigation measures were considered adequate. Adjusting for other influences through a logistic regression analysis, respondents from lower middle-income and low-income countries were comparatively much more likely to assess both occupational health and safety (OR=10.91, p≤0.001) and infection prevention and control (IPC) (OR=6.61, p=0.001) protection measures as inadequate, despite much higher COVID-19 rates in wealthier countries at the time of the survey. Greater within-country income inequality was also associated with perceptions of less adequate IPC measures (OR=0.94, p=0.025). These associations remained significant when accounting for country-level differences in occupational and gender composition of respondents, including specifically when only female care providers, our study's largest and most at-risk subpopulation, were examined. CONCLUSIONS Economic inequality threatens resilience of health systems that rely on health workers working safely to provide needed care during emerging pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Harrigan
- Global Health Research Program, School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vivian W L Tsang
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Annalee Yassi
- Global Health Research Program, School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Muzimkhulu Zungu
- National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Jerry M Spiegel
- Global Health Research Program, School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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Yuan B, Lan J, Li J. Disparity in Occupational Health Risk During the Pandemic: Potential Misestimation and Its Implications for Health Policies. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:809-814. [PMID: 35673258 PMCID: PMC9524524 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study clarifies potential misestimation of occupational risk caused by the dichotomy of frontline essential and nonessential occupations in prior studies. METHODS The linear regression is used to investigate the occupational risk in terms of incidence rate, hospitalization, and mortality on community level during the pandemic. RESULTS Overall, frontline essential occupations were positively associated with incidence rate, hospitalization, and mortality (156.06, 18.47, and 3.49; P < 0.01). Among essential occupations, however, education, training, and library occupations were negatively associated with them, whereas transportation, protective service, food preparation, and serving occupations were insignificantly associated with them. Moreover, among nonessential occupations, building and grounds cleaning, construction, and extraction occupations were positively associated with them. CONCLUSION The dichotomy of frontline essential and nonessential occupations can bring overestimation and underestimation of occupational risk during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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13
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Hendy A, Soliman SM, Al-Sharkawi SS, Alruwaili MF, Hassani R, Reshia FAA. Effect of Clustering Nursing Care on Spreading COVID-19 Infection Among Nurses: A Retrospective Study. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:6801-6809. [PMID: 36051567 PMCID: PMC9426869 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s376726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The nurse’s first and most important responsibility is to protect themselves from contracting or spreading COVID-19. Purpose Investigate the effect of applying clustering nursing care on spreading COVID-19 infection and fatigue level among nurses who provide nursing care for COVID-19 patients. Methods Retrospective case–control study, where cases had a COVID-19 infection in the previous six months and controls were free. Internet-based survey sent to nurses at eight hospitals. Findings A total of 100 cases and 250 controls. About 36.8% of nurses who did not apply clustering care suffered from COVID-19 infection. Meanwhile, 83.3% and 93.3% of those who clustered three and four procedures, were free of COVID-19 infection. Discussion Applying clustering for nurses’ care decreases spreading of infection among nurses and decreases fatigue level related to work. Female nurses, increased fatigue, and a lack of training are all factors that may contribute to the spread of CVID-19 infection among nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Hendy
- Pediatric Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar M Soliman
- Department of Maternal & Neonatal Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sabah Saad Al-Sharkawi
- Pediatric Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Faculty of Nursing, October 6 University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manar Fayez Alruwaili
- Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.,College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Barry University, Miami, Florida, United states of America
| | - Rym Hassani
- Nursing department, University College of Sabya, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadia Ahmed Abdelkader Reshia
- Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.,Critical Care and Emergency Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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14
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Mohamad N, Pahrol MA, Shaharudin R, Md Yazin NKR, Osman Y, Toha HR, Mustapa N, Mohamed Z, Mohammad A, Ismail R. Compliance to Infection Prevention and Control Practices Among Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:878396. [PMID: 35923958 PMCID: PMC9340217 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.878396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk of contracting coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in their workplace. Infection prevention guidelines and standard operating procedures were introduced to reduce risk of exposure and prevent transmission. Safe practices during interaction with patients with COVID-19 are crucial for infection prevention and control (IPC). This study aimed to assess HCWs' compliance to IPC and to determine its association with sociodemographic and organizational factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted between March and April 2021 at public healthcare facilities in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. HCWs who were involved with COVID-19-related works were invited to participate in the online survey. The questionnaire was adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO) Interim Guidance: WHO Risk Assessment and Management of Exposure of Healthcare Workers in the Context of COVID-19. Respondents were categorized as compliant or non-compliant to IPC. A total of 600 HCWs involved in COVID-19-related works participated in the survey. Most of them (63.7%) were compliant to IPC as they responded to all items as "always, as recommended" during interaction with patients with COVID-19. The multivariate analysis showed that non-compliance was significantly associated with working in the emergency department (AOR = 3.16; 95% CI = 1.07-9.31), working as laboratory personnel (AOR = 15.13; 95% CI = 1.36-168.44), health attendant (AOR = 4.42; 95% CI = 1.74-11.24), and others (AOR = 3.63; 95% CI = 1.1-12.01), as well as work experience of more than 10 years (AOR = 4.71; 95% CI = 1.28-17.27). The odds of non-compliance among respondents without adequate new norms and personal protective equipment training were 2.02 (95% CI = 1.08-3.81) more than those with adequate training. Although most of the respondents complied to IPC protocols, compliance status differed according to department, work category, and years of service. Ensuring adequate training that will hopefully lead to behavioral change is crucial to prevent breach in IPC and thus minimize the risk of exposure to and transmission of COVID-19 in healthcare facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Mohamad
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Alfatih Pahrol
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Rafiza Shaharudin
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | | | - Yelmizaitun Osman
- Occupational and Environmental Health Unit, Kelantan State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Haidar Rizal Toha
- Occupational and Environmental Health Unit, Johor State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Normazura Mustapa
- Occupational and Environmental Health Unit, Melaka State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Zuraida Mohamed
- Occupational and Environmental Health Unit, Negeri Sembilan State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Azyyati Mohammad
- Occupational and Environmental Health Unit, Negeri Sembilan State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Rohaida Ismail
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
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15
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Dahie HA, Mohamoud JH, Adam MH, Garba B, Dirie NI, Sh. Nur MA, Mohamed FY. COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage and Potential Drivers of Vaccine Uptake among Healthcare Workers in SOMALIA: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1116. [PMID: 35891280 PMCID: PMC9318518 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are one of the most vulnerable groups for contracting COVID-19 and dying as a result of it. Over 10,000 HCWs in Africa have been infected with COVID-19, according to the World Health Organization, making it a substantial occupational health threat for HCWs. To that end, Somalia’s Ministry of Health has ordered that all healthcare personnel obtain the COVID-19 vaccination to safeguard themselves and the community they serve. In this investigation, we aimed to assess the COVID-19 vaccination coverage and its associated factors among healthcare workers in Somalia. A cross-sectional study was employed to examine COVID-19 vaccination coverage among healthcare personnel in Somalia. The data were obtained via an online questionnaire supplied by Google forms between December 2021 and February 2022, where a total of 1281 healthcare workers from the various federal states of Somalia were recruited. A multinomial regression analysis was used to analyse the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Overall, 1281 HCWs participated (630 females, 651 males) with a mean age and standard deviation of 27.7 years ± 7.1. The overall vaccine coverage was 37.4%. Sex, age, the state of residency, education level, specialization, hospital COVID-19 policy, vaccine availability at the centre, COVID-19 treatment centre, and health facility level were the factors that influenced the COVID-19 vaccine uptake among health professionals in Somalia. Male healthcare employees were 2.2 times (odds ratio-OR = 2.2; confidence interval-CI: 1.70, 2.75, p < 0.001) more likely than female healthcare workers to be fully vaccinated. The survey discovered that the COVID-19 vaccine coverage among health professionals was quite low, with the major contributing factors being accessibility, security challenges and literary prowess. Additional efforts to enhance vaccination uptake are needed to improve the COVID-19 vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Abdullahi Dahie
- Nursing and Midwifery Departments, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu 2526, Somalia;
| | - Jamal Hassan Mohamoud
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu 2526, Somalia;
| | - Mohamed Hussein Adam
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu 2526, Somalia;
| | - Bashiru Garba
- Institute for Medical Research, SIMAD University, Mogadishu 2526, Somalia;
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 2346, Nigeria
| | - Najib Isse Dirie
- Department of Urology, Dr. Sumait Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu 2526, Somalia;
| | - Maryan Abdullahi Sh. Nur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Sumait Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu 2526, Somalia;
| | - Fartun Yasin Mohamed
- Departments Microbiology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu 2526, Somalia;
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16
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King EC, Zagrodney KAP, McKay SM, Holness DL, Nichol KA. Determinants of nurse's and personal support worker's adherence to facial protective equipment in a community setting during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada: A pilot study. Am J Infect Control 2022; 51:490-497. [PMID: 35917934 PMCID: PMC9338445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Appropriate and consistent facial protective equipment (FPE) use is critical for preventing respiratory illness transmission. Little is known about FPE adherence by home care providers. The purpose of this study is to adapt an existing facial protection questionnaire and use it to develop an initial understanding of factors influencing home care providers’ adherence to FPE during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A survey was shared with home care providers during Wave 2 of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression by FPE adherence were conducted across individual, organizational, and environmental factors. Results Of the 199 respondents (140 personal support workers; 59 nurses), 71% reported that they always used FPE as required, with greater adherence to masks (89%) than eye protection (73%). The always-adherent reported greater perceived FPE efficacy, knowledge of recommended use and perceived occupational risk, lower education, and not experiencing personal barriers (including difficulty seeing, discomfort, communication challenges). Discussion Adherence rates were relatively high. In this context, with participants reporting high levels of organizational support, individual-level factors were the significant predictors of adherence. Conclusions Initiatives addressing perceived FPE efficacy, knowledge of recommended use, perception of at-work risk, and personal barriers to use may improve FPE adherence.
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A Cross-sectional Study of Assessing Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of COVID-19 Resuscitation among Health Care Workers in a Hybrid Hospital for COVID-19 in Malaysia. Int Emerg Nurs 2022; 64:101214. [PMID: 36037702 PMCID: PMC9300754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2022.101214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic is an international public health emergency. As hospitals receive more severe forms of COVID-19 that necessitate resuscitation, emergency health care workers (HCW) must follow interim COVID-19 resuscitation guidelines. Objective The aim is to evaluate the levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice among emergency HCW of the COVID-19 resuscitation protocol by the European Resuscitation Council (ERC). Methods A cross-sectional study using a validated questionnaire was conducted among HCW in the emergency department of University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Malaysia from April to June 2021. Results A total of 159 respondents were included in the analysis (89% response rate). Sixty-eight percent of respondents had adequate knowledge regarding COVID-19 resuscitation. Majority of the respondents had knowledge on airborne-precaution personal protective equipment (PPE) (99%) and infection control measures (98%). Nearly 73% were pessimistic about the COVID-19 prognosis. Seventy-three percent of respondents thought an arrested COVID-19 patient may benefit from cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and 94% were willing to administer CPR provided airborne-precaution PPE was available. Ninety percent of respondents reported adherence to resuscitation guidelines. There were significant differences in the mean knowledge scores between designation, education levels, and COVID-19 training. Overall, the respondents’ level of practice was insufficient (27%), with a mean score of 53.7% (SD = 14.7). There was a lack of practice in the resuscitation of the intubated and patients who were being prone. There was insufficient practice about ventilation technique, use of supraglottic devices, and intubation barriers. There was a positive correlation between adequate knowledge and good practice. Conclusion Emergency HCW have adequate knowledge, but poor compliance to the ERC COVID-19 guidelines. Emergency HCW were willing and confident to resuscitate COVID-19 patients, despite fears of nosocomial infection and expectation of poor patients’ prognosis. Ongoing education and training programs are recommended to improve their knowledge, cultivate a positive attitude, and achieve good compliance with COVID-19 resuscitation guidelines.
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18
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Daryanto B, Putri FR, Kurniawan J, Ilmawan M, Fajar JK. The Prevalence and the Associated Sociodemographic-Occupational Factors of Professional Burnout Among Health Professionals During COVID-19 Pandemic in Malang, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:894946. [PMID: 35910873 PMCID: PMC9332888 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.894946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since 2020, Indonesian health professionals have been affected by burnout as the physiological impact due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Malang has contributed to a substantial number of new daily cases and death rates in East Java, an epicenter of COVID-19 in Indonesia. However, a study about how burnout affected Malang health professionals was never conducted. Objectives This research aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with burnout among health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malang, Indonesia. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out with an online survey conducted in 5 major hospitals in Malang. We conducted a study about the prevalence rate of burnout in Malang and the association between sociodemographic factors, occupational hazards, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). The associations were presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results We analyzed 1,077 health professionals in Malang. Our result showed that the prevalence of burnout among health professionals in Malang is 22.0%. Respondents under the age of 30 tend to experience a higher level of burnout by 3.4-fold (OR = 3.43, p-value < 0.001), compared with those over the age of 40 years. Our data showed that respondents working longer than 100 h/week tend to experience burnout by 3.8-fold (OR = 3.83, p-value < 0.001). Conclusion Approximately one-fifth of the health professionals in Malang suffered from burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic, and MBI-HSS subscales are strongly associated with age and work hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besut Daryanto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Frilya Rachma Putri
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Jemmy Kurniawan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ilmawan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Ilmawan
| | - Jonny Karunia Fajar
- Brawijaya Internal Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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Devaraj DK, Hussain Alikunju SK, Murugesan M. Assessment of biological risk among dentists during the COVID-19 Pandemic-A cross-sectional study. Indian J Dent Res 2022; 33:267-271. [PMID: 36656186 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_227_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The health and life of a healthcare worker are repeatedly under threat due to the rising number of epidemics and pandemics. The COVID-19 pandemic is said to be fatal in people with a risky biological, demographic profile and working environment. This study is the first of its kind carried out on the dentist population from India, who were most affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aims and Objective The present study aims to assess the biological risk of dentists based on the objective risk stratification (ORS) tool developed by Strain et al. Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study of dentists in government dental colleges of Kerala using the online form of the ORS tool consisting of questions which included certain demographic characteristics and comorbid conditions of the individual. An additional question was added to the tool, to categorise the work of the dentist depending on the exposure to aerosol (non-aerosol, minimal aerosol and aerosol). Results Out of the 74 dentists, 48.6% reported high aerosol and 31% with minimal aerosol. The median score of the study participants was 2 (ranging from 1 to 12). Using the ORS tool, 16.2% had medium risk and only 2.7% had high risk. When the ORS tool was stratified with the aerosol generation, 5.4% had minimal and 6.7% had significant with medium-risk scores. Also, 2.7% with a high-risk score had minimal aerosol generation. Conclusion Identifying the high-risk category to allocate duties accordingly and decrease the morbidity and mortality among dentists has to be kept a top priority in the event of a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya K Devaraj
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | | | - Mohandoss Murugesan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Malabar Cancer Centre, Thalassery, Kerala, India
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Sh Nur MA, Dahie HA, Hassan NA, Garba B, Adam MHA, Mohamoud JH, Dirie NI. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 virus antibodies and sociodemographic features of pregnant women in Mogadishu, Somalia: a cross-sectional survey study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059617. [PMID: 35680266 PMCID: PMC9185162 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent investigations have revealed that COVID-19 during pregnancy substantially increases the risk of harmful outcomes for mothers and neonates, including preterm death and stillbirth as well as severe maternal morbidity and mortality. Hence, the urgent need to understand the prevalence rate and level of awareness about COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 virus infection) and the practice of preventive measures against the disease among pregnant women in Somalia. This study aims to determine the prevalence of COVID-19 among pregnant women seeking antenatal care in the Benadir region (Mogadishu) of Somalia and to assess their knowledge and preventive practices towards COVID-19. SETTING A hospital-based cross-sectional study involving two major referral maternity hospitals in Mogadishu, Somalia. PARTICIPANTS Pregnant women seeking antenatal services were included in our study. METHODS A total of 477 blood samples were collected from pregnant women attending the two referral hospitals in Mogadishu and screened for COVID-19. The participants were subjected to questionnaire interviews where their detailed history and practice of prevention against COVID-19 were evaluated. RESULTS The results showed that 175 (36.7%) were positive while 302 (63.3%) samples were negative for SARS-CoV-2 virus antibodies. Also, out of the 141 pregnant women who had two children or less, 19.4% were positive for IgG/IgM antibodies. Participants who had close contact with patients with COVID-19 were significantly associated for testing positive with a p value 0.0001. Students, teachers, employed people and individuals reported COVID-19 like symptoms were all associated with COVID-19 seropositivity outcomes. CONCLUSION Pregnant women and those with commorbidies should be given special preventive care and health education about COVID-19 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryan Abdullahi Sh Nur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Sumait Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Benadir, Somalia
| | - Hassan Abdullahi Dahie
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Benadir, Somalia
| | - Nima Abdi Hassan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jazeera University Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Jazeera University, Mogadishu, Benadir, Somalia
| | - Bashiru Garba
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Mohamed Husein Adam Adam
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Benadir, Somalia
| | - Jamal Hassan Mohamoud
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Benadir, Somalia
| | - Najib Isse Dirie
- Urology Department, Dr. Sumait Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Benadir, Somalia
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Namdar P, Shafiekhani S, Teymori F, Abdollahzade S, Maleki A, Rafiei S. Predicting COVID-19 Cases Among Nurses Using Artificial Neural Network Approach. Comput Inform Nurs 2022; 40:341-349. [PMID: 35470304 PMCID: PMC9093222 DOI: 10.1097/cin.0000000000000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We designed a forecasting model to determine which frontline health workers are most likely to be infected by COVID-19 among 220 nurses. We used multivariate regression analysis and different classification algorithms to assess the effect of several covariates, including exposure to COVID-19 patients, access to personal protective equipment, proper use of personal protective equipment, adherence to hand hygiene principles, stressfulness, and training on the risk of a nurse being infected. Access to personal protective equipment and training were associated with a 0.19- and 1.66-point lower score in being infected by COVID-19. Exposure to COVID-19 cases and being stressed of COVID-19 infection were associated with a 0.016- and 9.3-point higher probability of being infected by COVID-19. Furthermore, an artificial neural network with 75.8% (95% confidence interval, 72.1-78.9) validation accuracy and 76.6% (95% confidence interval, 73.1-78.6) overall accuracy could classify normal and infected nurses. The neural network can help managers and policymakers determine which frontline health workers are most likely to be infected by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Namdar
- Author Affiliations: School of Medicine (Drs Namdar and Abdollahzade), Qazvin University of Medical Sciences (Ms Teymori); Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Dr Shafiekhani); and Student Research Center, School of Public Health (Mrs Maleki), and Social Determinants of Health Research Center (Dr Rafiei), Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Sajad Shafiekhani
- Author Affiliations: School of Medicine (Drs Namdar and Abdollahzade), Qazvin University of Medical Sciences (Ms Teymori); Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Dr Shafiekhani); and Student Research Center, School of Public Health (Mrs Maleki), and Social Determinants of Health Research Center (Dr Rafiei), Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Teymori
- Author Affiliations: School of Medicine (Drs Namdar and Abdollahzade), Qazvin University of Medical Sciences (Ms Teymori); Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Dr Shafiekhani); and Student Research Center, School of Public Health (Mrs Maleki), and Social Determinants of Health Research Center (Dr Rafiei), Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Sina Abdollahzade
- Author Affiliations: School of Medicine (Drs Namdar and Abdollahzade), Qazvin University of Medical Sciences (Ms Teymori); Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Dr Shafiekhani); and Student Research Center, School of Public Health (Mrs Maleki), and Social Determinants of Health Research Center (Dr Rafiei), Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Aisa Maleki
- Author Affiliations: School of Medicine (Drs Namdar and Abdollahzade), Qazvin University of Medical Sciences (Ms Teymori); Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Dr Shafiekhani); and Student Research Center, School of Public Health (Mrs Maleki), and Social Determinants of Health Research Center (Dr Rafiei), Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Sima Rafiei
- Author Affiliations: School of Medicine (Drs Namdar and Abdollahzade), Qazvin University of Medical Sciences (Ms Teymori); Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Dr Shafiekhani); and Student Research Center, School of Public Health (Mrs Maleki), and Social Determinants of Health Research Center (Dr Rafiei), Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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22
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Holtzman CW, Godfrey C, Ismail L, Raizes E, Ake JA, Tefera F, Okutoyi S, Siberry GK. PEPFAR's Role in Protecting and Leveraging HIV Services in the COVID-19 Response in Africa. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2022; 19:26-36. [PMID: 34982406 PMCID: PMC8724594 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-021-00587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review We describe the impact of COVID-19 on PEPFAR programs in Africa and how PEPFAR adapted and leveraged its interventions to the changing landscape of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent Findings To mitigate the potential impact of COVID-19 on the HIV response and protect the gains, continuity of treatment was the guiding principle regarding the provision of services in PEPFAR-supported countries. As the COVID-19 pandemic matured, PEPFAR’s approach evolved from a strictly “protect and salvage” approach to a “restore and accelerate” approach that embraced innovative adaptations in service and “person-centered” care. Summary The impact of service delivery interruptions caused by COVID-19 on progress towards HIV epidemic control in PEPFAR-supported African countries remains undetermined. With COVID vaccine coverage many months away and more transmissible variants being reported, Africa may experience more pandemic surges. HIV programs will depend on nimble and innovative adaptations in prevention and treatment services in order to advance epidemic control objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol W Holtzman
- Division of Prevention Care and Treatment, Office of HIV/AIDS Bureau of Global Health United States Agency for International Development, 500 D Street SW, Washington, DC, 20547, USA
| | - Catherine Godfrey
- Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator, Department of State, HIV Care and Treatment, PEPFAR, 1800 G St. Ste 10300, DC, 20003, Washington, USA
| | - Lawal Ismail
- Embassy of the United States of America, US Army Medical Research Directorate Africa - Nigeria (USAMRDA-N), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), CBD, Plot 1075 Diplomatic Drive, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Elliot Raizes
- Division of Global HIV/TB (DGHT) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, GA, Atlanta, USA
| | - Julie A Ake
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Fana Tefera
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ethiopia Entoto Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Salome Okutoyi
- Health Population and Nutrition Office USAID Kenya and East Africa, 4785-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - George K Siberry
- Division of Prevention Care and Treatment, Office of HIV/AIDS, Bureau of Global Health, United States Agency for International Development, 500 D Street SW, Washington, DC, 20547, USA.
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23
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Grima S, Rupeika-Apoga R, Kizilkaya M, Romānova I, Dalli Gonzi R, Jakovljevic M. A Proactive Approach to Identify the Exposure Risk to COVID-19: Validation of the Pandemic Risk Exposure Measurement (PREM) Model Using Real-World Data. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:4775-4787. [PMID: 34866947 PMCID: PMC8637761 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s341500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To statistically validate the PREM (Pandemic Risk Exposure Measurement) model devised in a previous paper by the authors and determine the model’s relationship with the level of current COVID-19 cases (NLCC) and the level of current deaths related to COVID-19 (NLCD) based on the real country data. Methods We used perceived variables proposed in a previous study by the same lead authors and applied the latest available real data values for 154 countries. Two endogenous real data variables (NLCC) and (NLCD) were added. Data were transformed to measurable values using a Likert scale of 1 to 5. The resulting data for each variable were entered into SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 26 and Amos (Analysis of a Moment Structures) version 21 and subjected to statistical analysis, specifically exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. Results The results obtained confirmed a 4-factor structure and that the PREM model using real data is statistically reliable and valid. However, the variable Q14 – hospital beds available per capita (1000 inhabitants) had to be excluded from the analysis because it loaded under more than one factor and the difference between the factor common variance was less than 0.10. Moreover, its Factor 1 and Factor 3 with NLCC and Factor 1 with NLCD showed a statistically significant relationship. Conclusion Therefore, the developed PREM model moves from a perception-based model to reality. By proposing a model that allows governments and policymakers to take a proactive approach, the negative impact of a pandemic on the functioning of a country can be reduced. The PREM model is useful for decision-makers to know what factors make the country more vulnerable to a pandemic and, if possible, to manage or set tolerances as part of a preventive measure. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader, the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/3dSPl4ygwdI
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Grima
- Department of Insurance, Faculty of Economics, Management and Accountancy, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Ramona Rupeika-Apoga
- Faculty of Business, Management and Economics, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Murat Kizilkaya
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Inna Romānova
- Faculty of Business, Management and Economics, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Rebecca Dalli Gonzi
- Department of Construction & Property Management, University of Malta, Msida, MSD, 2080, Malta
| | - Mihajlo Jakovljevic
- Institute of Comparative Economic Studies ICES, Faculty of Economics, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Global Health Economics and Policy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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24
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Thirunavukkarasu A, Alrawaili KAH, Al-Hazmi AH, Dar UF, ALruwaili B, Mallick A, Wani FA, Alsirhani AIE. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Occupational Health Hazards among Health Care Workers of Northern Saudi Arabia: A Multicenter Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11489. [PMID: 34770004 PMCID: PMC8583691 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Health care workers (HCWs) working in different health care facilities are exposed to many hazards, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence, pattern, and risk factors of occupational health hazards faced by 438 randomly selected HCWs from northern Saudi Arabia. The HCWs are commonly exposed to needle stick injuries (34.5%) under the biological hazards category; and work-related stress (69.6%) under the non-biological hazards categories. The significant associated factors were work setting (ref: Primary Health Center: Adjusted OR (AOR) = 2.81, 95%CI = 1.21-4.59, p = 0.017), smoking status (ref.: non-smoker: AOR = 1.73, 95%CI = 1.03-2.91, p = 0.039), and mean sleeping duration per day (AOR = 1.22, 95%CI = 1.04-1.43, p = 0.014) for biological, and smoking status (ref: non-smoker: AOR = 2.16, 95%CI = 1.09-3.29, p = 0.028), and mean sleeping duration per day (AOR = 1.35, 95%CI = 1.07-1.70, p = 0.013) for non-biological categories. This study revealed several risk factors and occupational health hazards that HCWs are exposed to during their work time. Periodic training and follow-up assessments regarding bio-safety measures for the HCWs should be implemented. Finally, future explorative studies are warranted on the feasibility of implementing rotation-based postings for the HCWs in different health care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashokkumar Thirunavukkarasu
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.-H.); (U.F.D.); (B.A.); (A.M.)
| | | | - Ahmad Homoud Al-Hazmi
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.-H.); (U.F.D.); (B.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Umar Farooq Dar
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.-H.); (U.F.D.); (B.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Bashayer ALruwaili
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.-H.); (U.F.D.); (B.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Ayesha Mallick
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.-H.); (U.F.D.); (B.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Farooq Ahmed Wani
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
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