1
|
Shafqat A, Masters MC, Tripathi U, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Hashmi SK. Long COVID as a disease of accelerated biological aging: An opportunity to translate geroscience interventions. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102400. [PMID: 38945306 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
It has been four years since long COVID-the protracted consequences that survivors of COVID-19 face-was first described. Yet, this entity continues to devastate the quality of life of an increasing number of COVID-19 survivors without any approved therapy and a paucity of clinical trials addressing its biological root causes. Notably, many of the symptoms of long COVID are typically seen with advancing age. Leveraging this similarity, we posit that Geroscience-which aims to target the biological drivers of aging to prevent age-associated conditions as a group-could offer promising therapeutic avenues for long COVID. Bearing this in mind, this review presents a translational framework for studying long COVID as a state of effectively accelerated biological aging, identifying research gaps and offering recommendations for future preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mary Clare Masters
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Utkarsh Tripathi
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shahrukh K Hashmi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Research and Innovation Center, Department of Health, Abu Dhabi, UAE; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghimire S, Xue B, Li K, Gannon RM, Wohlford-Lenane CL, Thurman AL, Gong H, Necker GC, Zheng J, Meyerholz DK, Perlman S, McCray PB, Pezzulo AA. IL-13 decreases susceptibility to airway epithelial SARS-CoV-2 infection but increases disease severity in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.03.601941. [PMID: 39005257 PMCID: PMC11244965 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.03.601941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Treatments available to prevent progression of virus-induced lung diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are of limited benefit once respiratory failure occurs. The efficacy of approved and emerging cytokine signaling-modulating antibodies is variable and is affected by disease course and patient-specific inflammation patterns. Therefore, understanding the role of inflammation on the viral infectious cycle is critical for effective use of cytokine-modulating agents. We investigated the role of the type 2 cytokine IL-13 on SARS-CoV-2 binding/entry, replication, and host response in primary HAE cells in vitro and in a model of mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo. IL-13 protected airway epithelial cells from SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro by decreasing the abundance of ACE2-expressing ciliated cells rather than by neutralization in the airway surface liquid or by interferon-mediated antiviral effects. In contrast, IL-13 worsened disease severity in mice; the effects were mediated by eicosanoid signaling and were abolished in mice deficient in the phospholipase A2 enzyme PLA2G2D. We conclude that IL-13-induced inflammation differentially affects multiple steps of COVID-19 pathogenesis. IL-13-induced inflammation may be protective against initial SARS-CoV-2 airway epithelial infection; however, it enhances disease progression in vivo. Blockade of IL-13 and/or eicosanoid signaling may be protective against progression to severe respiratory virus-induced lung disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Ghimire
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Biyun Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kun Li
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Ryan M. Gannon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Christine L. Wohlford-Lenane
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Andrew L. Thurman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Huiyu Gong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Grace C. Necker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - David K. Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Paul B. McCray
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Alejandro A. Pezzulo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pernet E, Poschmann J, Divangahi M. A complex immune communication between eicosanoids and pulmonary macrophages. Curr Opin Virol 2024; 66:101399. [PMID: 38547562 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections represent a constant threat for human health and urge for a better understanding of the pulmonary immune response to prevent disease severity. Macrophages are at the center of pulmonary immunity, where they play a pivotal role in orchestrating beneficial and/or pathological outcomes during infection. Eicosanoids, the host bioactive lipid mediators, have re-emerged as important regulators of pulmonary immunity during respiratory viral infections. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge linking eicosanoids' and pulmonary macrophages' homeostatic and antimicrobial functions and discuss eicosanoids as emerging targets for immunotherapy in viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Pernet
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.
| | - Jeremie Poschmann
- INSERM, Nantes Université, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Koziol-White C, Gebski E, Cao G, Panettieri RA. Precision cut lung slices: an integrated ex vivo model for studying lung physiology, pharmacology, disease pathogenesis and drug discovery. Respir Res 2024; 25:231. [PMID: 38824592 PMCID: PMC11144351 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Precision Cut Lung Slices (PCLS) have emerged as a sophisticated and physiologically relevant ex vivo model for studying the intricacies of lung diseases, including fibrosis, injury, repair, and host defense mechanisms. This innovative methodology presents a unique opportunity to bridge the gap between traditional in vitro cell cultures and in vivo animal models, offering researchers a more accurate representation of the intricate microenvironment of the lung. PCLS require the precise sectioning of lung tissue to maintain its structural and functional integrity. These thin slices serve as invaluable tools for various research endeavors, particularly in the realm of airway diseases. By providing a controlled microenvironment, precision-cut lung slices empower researchers to dissect and comprehend the multifaceted interactions and responses within lung tissue, thereby advancing our understanding of pulmonary pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Koziol-White
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, The State University of NJ, 08901, Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Eric Gebski
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, The State University of NJ, 08901, Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Gaoyaun Cao
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, The State University of NJ, 08901, Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, The State University of NJ, 08901, Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gadelha LR, Costa MJB, Abreu JPAD, Venancio LPR, Fabres-Klein MH, Klein RC, Lima JB, Araújo-Santos T. Prostaglandin E 2/Leukotriene B 4 balance and viral load in distinct clinical stages of COVID-19: A cross-sectional study. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 172:106820. [PMID: 38346573 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) are eicosanoids involved in modulation of the antiviral immune response. Recent studies have identified increased levels of several eicosanoids in the plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study investigated correlations between plasma levels of PGE2 and LTB4 and clinical severity of COVID-19. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved non-infected (n = 10) individuals and COVID-19 patients classified as cured (n = 13), oligosymptomatic (n = 29), severe (n = 15) or deceased (n = 11). Levels of D-dimer a, known COVID-19 severity marker, PGE2 and LTB4 were measured by ELISAs and data were analysed with respect to viral load. RESULTS PGE2 plasma levels were decreased in COVID-19 patients compared to the non-infected group. Changes in PGE2 and LTB4 levels did not correlate with any particular clinical presentations of COVID-19. However, LTB4 was related to decreased SARS-CoV-2 burden in patients, suggesting that only LTB4 is associated with control of viral load. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that PGE2/LTB4 plasma levels are not associated with COVID-19 clinical severity. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 are treated with corticosteroids, which may influence the observed eicosanoid imbalance. Additional analyses are required to fully understand the participation of PGE2 receptors in the pathophysiology of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larisse Ricardo Gadelha
- Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia (UFOB), Núcleo de Estudos de Agentes Infecciosos e Vetores (NAIVE), Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | - Maria Juliana Bezerra Costa
- Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia (UFOB), Núcleo de Estudos de Agentes Infecciosos e Vetores (NAIVE), Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Alecrim de Abreu
- Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia (UFOB), Núcleo de Estudos de Agentes Infecciosos e Vetores (NAIVE), Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | - Larissa Paola Rodrigues Venancio
- Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia (UFOB), Núcleo de Estudos de Agentes Infecciosos e Vetores (NAIVE), Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | - Mary Hellen Fabres-Klein
- Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia (UFOB), Núcleo de Estudos de Agentes Infecciosos e Vetores (NAIVE), Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | - Raphael Contelli Klein
- Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia (UFOB), Núcleo de Estudos de Agentes Infecciosos e Vetores (NAIVE), Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | - Jonilson Berlink Lima
- Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia (UFOB), Núcleo de Estudos de Agentes Infecciosos e Vetores (NAIVE), Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | - Théo Araújo-Santos
- Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia (UFOB), Núcleo de Estudos de Agentes Infecciosos e Vetores (NAIVE), Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Barreiras, BA, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liviero F, Scapellato ML, Volpin A, Battistella M, Fabris L, Brischigliaro L, Folino F, Moretto A, Mason P, Pavanello S. Long term follow-up of heart rate variability in healthcare workers with mild COVID-19. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1403551. [PMID: 38827576 PMCID: PMC11141692 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1403551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prior investigations into post-COVID dysautonomia often lacked control groups or compared affected individuals solely to healthy volunteers. In addition, no data on the follow-up of patients with SARS-CoV-2-related autonomic imbalance are available. Methods In this study, we conducted a comprehensive clinical and functional follow-up on healthcare workers (HCWs) with former mild COVID-19 (group 1, n = 67), to delineate the trajectory of post-acute autonomic imbalance, we previously detected in a case-control study. Additionally, we assessed HCWs for which a test before SARS-CoV-2 infection was available (group 2, n = 29), who later contracted SARS-CoV-2, aiming to validate findings from our prior case-control investigation. We evaluated autonomic nervous system heart modulation by means of time and frequency domain heart rate variability analysis (HRV) in HCWs during health surveillance visits. Short-term electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings, were obtained at about 6, 13 months and both at 6 and 13 months from the negative SARS-CoV-2 naso-pharyngeal swab (NPS) for group 1 and at about 1-month from the negative NPS for group 2. HCWs who used drugs, had comorbidities that affected HRV, or were hospitalized with severe COVID-19 were excluded. Results Group 1 was split into three subgroups clinically and functionally followed at, about 6 months (subgroup-A, n = 17), 13 months (subgroup-B, n = 37) and both at 6 and 13 months (subgroup-C, n = 13) from the negative SARS-CoV-2 NPS. In subgroup-A, at 6-month follow-up compared with baseline, the spectral components in the frequency domain HRV parameters, showed an increase in normalized high frequency power (nHF) (t = 2.99, p = 0.009), a decrease in the normalized low frequency power (nLF) (t = 2.98, p = 0.009) and in the LF/HF ratio (t = 3.13, p = 0.006). In subgroup B, the comparison of the spectral components in the frequency domain HRV parameters, at 13-month follow-up compared with baseline, showed an increase in nHF (t = 2.54, p = 0.02); a decrease in nLF (t = 2.62, p = 0.01) and in the LF/HF ratio (t = 4.00, p = 0.0003). In subgroup-C, at both 6 and 13-month follow-ups, the spectral components in the frequency domain HRV parameters were higher than baseline in nHF (t = 2.64, p = 0.02 and (t = 2.13, p = 0.05, respectively); lower in nLF (t = 2.64, p = 0.02 and (t = 2.13, p = 0.05, respectively), and in LF/HF (t = 1.92, p = 0.08 and (t = 2.43, p = 0.03, respectively). A significant proportion of HCWs reported persistent COVID-19 symptoms at both the 6 and 13-month follow-ups, seemingly unrelated to cardiac autonomic balance. In group 2 HCWs, at 1-month follow-up compared with baseline, the spectral components in the frequency domain HRV parameters, showed a decrease in nHF (t = 2.19, p = 0.04); an increase in nLF (t = 2.15, p = 0.04) and in LF/HF (t = 3.49, p = 0.002). Conclusion These results are consistent with epidemiological data suggesting a higher risk of acute cardiovascular complications during the first 30 days after COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 associated autonomic imbalance in the post-acute phase after recovery of mild COVID-19 resolved 6 months after the first negative SARS-CoV-2 NPS. However, a significant proportion of HCWs reported long-term COVID-19 symptoms, which dot not seems to be related to cardiac autonomic balance. Future research should certainly further test whether autonomic imbalance has a role in the mechanisms of long-COVID syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Liviero
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Scapellato
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Volpin
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Battistella
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Fabris
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Brischigliaro
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Franco Folino
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Angelo Moretto
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Mason
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sofia Pavanello
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nahalka J. 1-L Transcription of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Subunit. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4440. [PMID: 38674024 PMCID: PMC11049929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic prompted rapid research on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. Consequently, new data can be used to advance the molecular understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The present bioinformatics study discusses the "spikeopathy" at the molecular level and focuses on the possible post-transcriptional regulation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit in the host cell/tissue. A theoretical protein-RNA recognition code was used to check the compatibility of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit with mRNAs in the human transcriptome (1-L transcription). The principle for this method is elucidated on the defined RNA binding protein GEMIN5 (gem nuclear organelle-associated protein 5) and RNU2-1 (U2 spliceosomal RNA). Using the method described here, it was shown that 45% of the genes/proteins identified by 1-L transcription of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit are directly linked to COVID-19, 39% are indirectly linked to COVID-19, and 16% cannot currently be associated with COVID-19. The identified genes/proteins are associated with stroke, diabetes, and cardiac injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Nahalka
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre of Excellence for White-Green Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, SK-94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lukac S, Friedl TWP, Gruber T, Schmid M, Leinert E, Janni W, Hancke K, Dayan D. Changes in Endometriosis-Associated Symptoms Following Immunization against SARS-CoV-2: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1459. [PMID: 38592272 PMCID: PMC10932077 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: There are many reports about variations in the menstrual cycle after infection with SARS-CoV-2 or vaccination against it. However, data on SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination-related changes in menstruation-associated endometriosis-typical symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dyschezia, dysuria, and bloating are rare or missing. Methods: This retrospective study was performed as an online survey among employees and students at the University Hospital Ulm, Germany. Changes regarding the presence of mentioned symptoms and after immunization (vaccination and/or infection) were evaluated with the McNemar Test. Additionally, the risk factors associated with these changes and associations between a subjectively perceived general change in menstruation and changes in the symptoms were evaluated. Results: A total of 1589 respondents were included in the final analysis. Less than 4% of respondents reported the occurrence of new symptoms that they had not experienced before immunization. Overall, there was a significant reduction in the presence of dysmenorrhea, back pain, dyschezia, bloating, and dyspareunia after immunization against coronavirus (p < 0.001). Only 2.3% of all participants reported to have been diagnosed with endometriosis. Factors associated with changes in endometriosis-typical symptoms following immunization were body mass index, age, endometriosis, and thyroid disease. Conclusions: Our results provide unique data about a reduction in the incidence of endometriosis-associated symptoms as dysmenorrhea, dyschezia, and dyspareunia after immunization against COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Lukac
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Ulm, Prittwitzstrasse 43, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee-Ferris RE, Okuda K, Galiger JR, Schworer SA, Rogers TD, Dang H, Gilmore R, Edwards C, Nakano S, Cawley AM, Pickles RJ, Gallant SC, Crisci E, Rivier L, Hagood JS, O'Neal WK, Baric RS, Grubb BR, Boucher RC, Randell SH. Prolonged airway explant culture enables study of health, disease, and viral pathogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.03.578756. [PMID: 38370820 PMCID: PMC10871200 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.03.578756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
In vitro models play a major role in studying airway physiology and disease. However, the native lung's complex tissue architecture and non-epithelial cell lineages are not preserved in these models. Ex vivo tissue models could overcome in vitro limitations, but methods for long-term maintenance of ex vivo tissue has not been established. We describe methods to culture human large airway explants, small airway explants, and precision-cut lung slices for at least 14 days. Human airway explants recapitulate genotype-specific electrophysiology, characteristic epithelial, endothelial, stromal and immune cell populations, and model viral infection after 14 days in culture. These methods also maintain mouse, rabbit, and pig tracheal explants. Notably, intact airway tissue can be cryopreserved, thawed, and used to generate explants with recovery of function 14 days post-thaw. These studies highlight the broad applications of airway tissue explants and their use as translational intermediates between in vitro and in vivo studies.
Collapse
|
10
|
Jordan PM, Günther K, Nischang V, Ning Y, Deinhardt-Emmer S, Ehrhardt C, Werz O. Influenza A virus selectively elevates prostaglandin E 2 formation in pro-resolving macrophages. iScience 2024; 27:108775. [PMID: 38261967 PMCID: PMC10797193 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory influenza A virus (IAV) infections are major health concerns worldwide, where bacterial superinfections substantially increase morbidity and mortality. The underlying mechanisms of how IAV impairs host defense remain elusive. Macrophages are pivotal for the innate immune response and crucially regulate the entire inflammatory process, occurring as inflammatory M1- or pro-resolving M2-like phenotypes. Lipid mediators (LM), produced from polyunsaturated fatty acids by macrophages, are potent immune regulators and impact all stages of inflammation. Using LM metabololipidomics, we show that human pro-resolving M2-macrophages respond to IAV infections with specific and robust production of prostaglandin (PG)E2 along with upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which persists after co-infection with Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast, cytokine/interferon production in macrophages was essentially unaffected by IAV infection, and the functionality of M1-macrophages was not influenced. Conclusively, IAV infection of M2-macrophages selectively elevates PGE2 formation, suggesting inhibition of the COX-2/PGE2 axis as strategy to limit IAV exacerbation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Jordan
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Günther
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Vivien Nischang
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Christina Ehrhardt
- Section of Experimental Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knoell-Str. 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu Y, Li K, Zhao Y, Zhou L, He N, Qiao H, Xu Q, Zhang H, Liu Y, Zhao J. Inhibition of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase protects neurons from ferroptosis in ischemic stroke. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e452. [PMID: 38188604 PMCID: PMC10771813 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is an acute serious cerebrovascular disease with high mortality and disability. Ferroptosis is an important regulated cell death (RCD) in ischemic stroke. 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), a degrading enzyme of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), is shown to regulate RCD such as autophagy and apoptosis. The study aimed to determine whether 15-PGDH regulates ferroptosis and ischemic stroke, and further the exact mechanism. We demonstrated that overexpression of 15-PGDH in the brain tissues or primary cultured neurons significantly aggravated cerebral injury and neural ferroptosis in ischemic stroke. While inhibition of 15-PGDH significantly protected against cerebral injury and neural ferroptosis, which benefits arise from the activation of the PGE2/PGE2 receptor 4 (EP4) axis. While the impact of 15-PGDH was abolished with glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) deficiency. Then, 15-PGDH inhibitor was found to promote the activation of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) via the PGE2/EP4 axis, subsequently transcriptionally upregulate the expression of GPX4. In summary, our study indicates that inhibition of 15-PGDH promotes the activation PGE2/EP4 axis, subsequently transcriptionally upregulates the expression of GPX4 via CREB and NF-κB, and then protects neurons from ferroptosis and alleviates the ischemic stroke. Therefore, 15-PGDH may be a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Xu
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan ProvinceChangshaHunanChina
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching CenterCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Postdoctoral Research Station of BiologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Kexin Li
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan ProvinceChangshaHunanChina
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching CenterCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan ProvinceChangshaHunanChina
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching CenterCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan ProvinceChangshaHunanChina
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching CenterCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Nina He
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan ProvinceChangshaHunanChina
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching CenterCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Haoduo Qiao
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan ProvinceChangshaHunanChina
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching CenterCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan ProvinceChangshaHunanChina
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching CenterCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Huali Zhang
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan ProvinceChangshaHunanChina
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching CenterCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan ProvinceChangshaHunanChina
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching CenterCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan ProvinceChangshaHunanChina
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching CenterCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Len JS, Koh CWT, Chan KR. The Functional Roles of MDSCs in Severe COVID-19 Pathogenesis. Viruses 2023; 16:27. [PMID: 38257728 PMCID: PMC10821470 DOI: 10.3390/v16010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially among those with co-morbidities, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. However, the molecular determinants critical for severe COVID-19 progression remain to be fully elucidated. Meta-analyses of transcriptomic RNAseq and single-cell sequencing datasets comparing severe and mild COVID-19 patients have demonstrated that the early expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) could be a key feature of severe COVID-19 progression. Besides serving as potential early prognostic biomarkers for severe COVID-19 progression, several studies have also indicated the functional roles of MDSCs in severe COVID-19 pathogenesis and possibly even long COVID. Given the potential links between MDSCs and severe COVID-19, we examine the existing literature summarizing the characteristics of MDSCs, provide evidence of MDSCs in facilitating severe COVID-19 pathogenesis, and discuss the potential therapeutic avenues that can be explored to reduce the risk and burden of severe COVID-19. We also provide a web app where users can visualize the temporal changes in specific genes or MDSC-related gene sets during severe COVID-19 progression and disease resolution, based on our previous study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Soon Len
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore;
| | - Clara W. T. Koh
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Eastin EF, Tiwari A, Quach TC, Bonilla HF, Miglis MG, Yang PC, Geng LN. New Alcohol Sensitivity in Patients With Post-acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC): A Case Series. Cureus 2023; 15:e51286. [PMID: 38288178 PMCID: PMC10823305 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), or long COVID, is characterized by persistent symptoms after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection that can vary from patient to patient. Here, we present a case series of four patients with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection referred to the Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS) Clinic at Stanford University for evaluation of persistent symptoms, who also experienced new-onset alcohol sensitivity. Alcohol reactions and sensitivity are not well characterized in the literature as it relates to post-viral illness. While there have been some anecdotal reports of new alcohol sensitivity in PASC patients in the media, there is a paucity of published data in the medical literature about this topic. During their medical consultation, the patients self-reported new changes in their symptoms or behaviors following the use of alcohol. A new onset of alcohol sensitivities should be assessed along with other post-COVID-19 symptoms and may provide novel avenues to explore the pathobiology of illness and potential interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ella F Eastin
- Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | | | - Tom C Quach
- Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Hector F Bonilla
- Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Mitchell G Miglis
- Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Phillip C Yang
- Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Linda N Geng
- Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rahman MS, Hossain MS. Eicosanoids Signals in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Foe or Friend. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00919-4. [PMID: 37878227 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mediated infection instigated a scary pandemic state since 2019. They created havoc comprising death, imbalanced social structures, and a wrecked global economy. During infection, the inflammation and associated cytokine storm generate a critical pathological situation in the human body, especially in the lungs. By the passage of time of infection, inflammatory disorders, and multiple organ damage happen which might lead to death, if not treated properly. Until now, many pathological parameters have been used to understand the progress of the severity of COVID-19 but with limited success. Bioactive lipid mediators have the potential of initiating and resolving inflammation in any disease. The connection between lipid storm and inflammatory states of SARS-CoV-2 infection has surfaced and got importance to understand and mitigate the pathological states of COVID-19. As the role of eicosanoids in COVID-19 infection is not well defined, available information regarding this issue has been accumulated to address the possible network of eicosanoids related to the initiation of inflammation, promotion of cytokine storm, and resolution of inflammation, and highlight possible strategies for treatment and drug discovery related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in this study. Understanding the involvement of eicosanoids in exploration of cellular events provoked by SARS-CoV-2 infection has been summarized as an important factor to deescalate any upcoming catastrophe imposed by the lethal variants of this micro-monster. Additionally, this study also recognized the eicosanoid based drug discovery, treatment, and strategies for managing the severity of SARS-COV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sharifur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammad Salim Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kianfar S, Salimi V, Jahangirifard A, Mirtajani SB, Vaezi MA, Yavarian J, Mokhtari-Azad T, Tavakoli-Yaraki M. 15-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase expression profile and their related modulators in COVID-19 infection. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 197:102587. [PMID: 37716021 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes in maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating immune responses promoted us in this study to analyze the pattern of changes in 15-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase isoforms and their related cytokines in SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS 15-LOX-1, 15-LOX-2, COX-1 and COX-2 gene expression levels were determined using qRT-PCR in nasopharynx specimens from patients with severe [N = 40] and non-severe [N = 40] confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and healthy controls. Circulating levels of lL-6, lL-10, PGE2, and IFN-γ were measured in patients and healthy controls using ELISA assay. The associations between the measured variables and the patient's clinic-pathological characteristics were assessed for all groups. RESULTS The expression level of 15-LOX-1 was elevated significantly in male patients with severe infection; although female patients showed a different expression profile. 15-LOX-2 expression level was considerably increased in male patients with severe infection; while changes in its expression remained inconclusive in female patients. The relationship between 15-LOX expression and the male gender was prominent. Both COX isoforms expression showed elevation in male and female patients that were correlated with disease severity. The simultaneous increase in lL-6, PGE2 and IFN-γ levels also decrease in lL-10 in patients with severe infection indicating the possible regulatory network related to the COX and 15-LOX enzymes in the output of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSION The results of this study determined the pattern of possible changes in key enzymes of prostaglandin and eicosanoids synthesis pathway and their mediators, which can be helpful in mapping the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity and pharmaceutical approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kianfar
- Bahrami Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Jahangirifard
- Lung Transplant Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Bashir Mirtajani
- Lung Transplant Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Vaezi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jila Yavarian
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship & Antimicrobial Resistance, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Talat Mokhtari-Azad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Tavakoli-Yaraki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Silva BSDA, Pereira T, Minuzzi LG, Padilha CS, Figueiredo C, Olean-Oliveira T, dos Santos IVM, von Ah Morano AE, Marchioto Júnior O, Ribeiro JPJ, Dos Santos VR, Seelaender M, Teixeira AA, Dos Santos RVT, Lemos VDA, Freire APCF, Dorneles GP, Marmett B, Olean-Oliveira A, Teixeira MFS, Seraphim PM, Caseiro A, Pinho RA, Islam H, Little JP, Krüger K, Rosa-Neto JC, Coelho-E-Silva MJ, Lira FS. Mild to moderate post-COVID-19 alters markers of lymphocyte activation, exhaustion, and immunometabolic responses that can be partially associated by physical activity level- an observational sub-analysis fit- COVID study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1212745. [PMID: 37753077 PMCID: PMC10518618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to evaluate if physical activity is associated with systemic and cellular immunometabolic responses, in young adults after mild-to-moderate COVID-19 infection. Methods Mild- to- moderate post-COVID-19 patients (70.50 ± 43.10 days of diagnosis; age: 29.4 (21.9- 34.9) years; BMI: 25.5 ± 4.3 kg m2 n = 20) and healthy age-matched controls (age: 29.3 (21.2 - 32.6) years; BMI: 25.4 ± 4.7 kg m2; n = 20) were evaluated. Physical activity levels (PAL), body composition, dietary habits, muscular and pulmonary function, mental health, sleep quality, metabolic parameters, immune phenotypic characterization, stimulated whole blood and PBMC culture (cytokine production), mRNA, and mitochondrial respiration in PBMCs were evaluated. Results The post-COVID-19 group exhibited lower levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (p = 0.038); therefore, all study comparisons were performed with adjustment for MVPA. Post-COVID-19 impacted the pulmonary function (FEV1, FEV1%pred, FVC, and FVC %pred) compared with the control (p adjusted by MVPA (p adj) <0.05). Post-COVID-19 exhibited lower levels of serum IL-6 (p adj <0.01), whereas it showed higher serum IL-10, triglyceride, leptin, IgG, ACE activity, TNFRSF1A, and PGE2 (p adj <0.05) levels compared with controls. Post-COVID-19 presented a lower percentage of Treg cells (p adj = 0.03) and altered markers of lymphocyte activation and exhaustion (lower CD28 expression in CD8+ T cells (p adj = 0.014), whereas CD4+T cells showed higher PD1 expression (p adj = 0.037)) compared with the control group. Finally, post- COVID-19 presented an increased LPS-stimulated whole- blood IL-10 concentration (p adj <0.01). When exploring mitochondrial respiration and gene expression in PBMCs, we observed a higher LEAK state value (p adj <0.01), lower OXPHOS activity (complex I) (p adj = 0.04), and expression of the Rev-Erb-α clock mRNA after LPS stimulation in the post-COVID-19 patients than in the control (p adj <0.01). Mainly, PAL was associated with changes in IL-10, triglyceride, and leptin levels in the plasma of post-COVID-19 patients. PAL was also associated with modulation of the peripheral frequency of Treg cells and the expression of PD-1 in CD8+ T cells, although it abrogated the statistical effect in the analysis of TNF-α and IL-6 production by LPS- and PMA-stimulated PBMC of post-COVID-19 patients. Conclusion Young adults after mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection appeared to have lower physical activity levels, which can be associated with clinical and immunometabolic responses in a complex manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Spolador de Alencar Silva
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Telmo Pereira
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luciele Guerra Minuzzi
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Camila Souza Padilha
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Caique Figueiredo
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Tiago Olean-Oliveira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Ivete Vera Medeiros dos Santos
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa von Ah Morano
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Osmar Marchioto Júnior
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - José Procópio Jabur Ribeiro
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Marília Seelaender
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, LIM26-HC, FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ana Paula Coelho Figueira Freire
- Department of Health Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA, United States
- Physiotherapy Department, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Gilson Pires Dorneles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Marmett
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - André Olean-Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos F. S. Teixeira
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M. Seraphim
- Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Armando Caseiro
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Aurino Pinho
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Hashim Islam
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Peter Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - José César Rosa-Neto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuel-João Coelho-E-Silva
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (uid/dtp/04213/2020), Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (uid/dtp/04213/2020), Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen P, Wu M, He Y, Jiang B, He ML. Metabolic alterations upon SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential therapeutic targets against coronavirus infection. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:237. [PMID: 37286535 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection has become a global pandemic due to the high viral transmissibility and pathogenesis, bringing enormous burden to our society. Most patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. Although only a small proportion of patients progressed to severe COVID-19 with symptoms including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated coagulopathy, and cardiovascular disorders, severe COVID-19 is accompanied by high mortality rates with near 7 million deaths. Nowadays, effective therapeutic patterns for severe COVID-19 are still lacking. It has been extensively reported that host metabolism plays essential roles in various physiological processes during virus infection. Many viruses manipulate host metabolism to avoid immunity, facilitate their own replication, or to initiate pathological response. Targeting the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host metabolism holds promise for developing therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent studies dedicated to uncovering the role of host metabolism during the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 in aspects of entry, replication, assembly, and pathogenesis with an emphasis on glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. Microbiota and long COVID-19 are also discussed. Ultimately, we recapitulate metabolism-modulating drugs repurposed for COVID-19 including statins, ASM inhibitors, NSAIDs, Montelukast, omega-3 fatty acids, 2-DG, and metformin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mandi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaqing He
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Binghua Jiang
- Cell Signaling and Proteomic Center, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu Y, Shi X, Tian Y, Zhai S, Liu Y, Xiong Z, Chu S. An insight into novel therapeutic potentials of taxifolin. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1173855. [PMID: 37261284 PMCID: PMC10227600 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1173855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Taxifolin is a flavonoid compound, originally isolated from the bark of Douglas fir trees, which is often found in foods such as onions and olive oil, and is also used in commercial preparations, and has attracted the interest of nutritionists and medicinal chemists due to its broad range of health-promoting effects. It is a powerful antioxidant with excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and other pharmacological activities. This review focuses on the breakthroughs in taxifolin for the treatment of diseases from 2019 to 2022 according to various systems of the human body, such as the nervous system, immune system, and digestive system, and on the basis of this review, we summarize the problems of current research and try to suggest solutions and future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolu Shi
- Department of Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaobo Zhai
- Department of Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengrong Xiong
- Polymer Composites Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changchun, China
| | - Shunli Chu
- Department of Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Irún P, Gracia R, Piazuelo E, Pardo J, Morte E, Paño JR, Boza J, Carrera-Lasfuentes P, Higuera GA, Lanas A. Serum lipid mediator profiles in COVID-19 patients and lung disease severity: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6497. [PMID: 37081104 PMCID: PMC10118224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33682-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is highly heterogeneous, ranging from asymptomatic to severe and fatal cases. COVID-19 has been characterized by an increase of serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels which seems to be associated with fatal cases. By contrast, the role of pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), involved in the attenuation of inflammatory responses, has been scarcely investigated, so further studies are needed to understand SPMs metabolism in COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. Our aim was to analyse the lipid mediator metabolome, quantifying pro- and anti-inflammatory serum bioactive lipids by LC-MS/MS in 7 non-infected subjects and 24 COVID-19 patients divided into mild, moderate, and severe groups according to the pulmonary involvement, to better understand the disease outcome and the severity of the pulmonary manifestations. Statistical analysis was performed with the R programming language (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). All COVID-19 patients had increased levels of Prostaglandin E2. Severe patients showed a significant increase versus controls, mild- and moderate-affected patients, expressed as median (interquartile range), in resolvin E1 [112.6 (502.7) vs 0.0 (0.0) pg/ml in the other groups], as well as in maresin 2 [14.5 (7.0) vs 8.1 (4.2), 5.5 (4.3), and 3.0 (4.0) pg/ml, respectively]. Moreover, 14-hydroxy docosahexaenoic acid (14-HDHA) levels were also increased in severe vs control and mild-affected patients [24.7 (38.2) vs 2.4 (2.2) and 3.7 (6.4) ng/mL, respectively]. Resolvin D5 was also significantly elevated in both moderate [15.0 (22.4) pg/ml] and severe patients [24.0 (24.1) pg/ml] versus controls [0.0 (0.0) pg/ml]. These results were confirmed by sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis which highlighted the contribution of these mediators to the separation between each of the groups. In conclusion, the potent inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection involves not only pro- but also anti-inflammatory lipid mediators that can be quantified in easily accessible serum samples, suggesting the need to perform future research on their generation pathways that will help us to discover new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Irún
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | | | - Elena Piazuelo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julián Pardo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón I + D Foundation (ARAID), Government of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Morte
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain
- Infectious Disease Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Ramon Paño
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain
- Infectious Disease Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Carrera-Lasfuentes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Angel Lanas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Service of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Psiquiatría y Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Farooqui AA, Farooqui T, Sun GY, Lin TN, Teh DBL, Ong WY. COVID-19, Blood Lipid Changes, and Thrombosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041181. [PMID: 37189799 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there is increasing evidence that oxidative stress and inflammation induced by COVID-19 may contribute to increased risk and severity of thromboses, the underlying mechanism(s) remain to be understood. The purpose of this review is to highlight the role of blood lipids in association with thrombosis events observed in COVID-19 patients. Among different types of phospholipases A2 that target cell membrane phospholipids, there is increasing focus on the inflammatory secretory phospholipase A2 IIA (sPLA2-IIA), which is associated with the severity of COVID-19. Analysis indicates increased sPLA2-IIA levels together with eicosanoids in the sera of COVID patients. sPLA2 could metabolise phospholipids in platelets, erythrocytes, and endothelial cells to produce arachidonic acid (ARA) and lysophospholipids. Arachidonic acid in platelets is metabolised to prostaglandin H2 and thromboxane A2, known for their pro-coagulation and vasoconstrictive properties. Lysophospholipids, such as lysophosphatidylcholine, could be metabolised by autotaxin (ATX) and further converted to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Increased ATX has been found in the serum of patients with COVID-19, and LPA has recently been found to induce NETosis, a clotting mechanism triggered by the release of extracellular fibres from neutrophils and a key feature of the COVID-19 hypercoagulable state. PLA2 could also catalyse the formation of platelet activating factor (PAF) from membrane ether phospholipids. Many of the above lipid mediators are increased in the blood of patients with COVID-19. Together, findings from analyses of blood lipids in COVID-19 patients suggest an important role for metabolites of sPLA2-IIA in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhlaq A Farooqui
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tahira Farooqui
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Grace Y Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Teng-Nan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11929, Taiwan
| | - Daniel B L Teh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
- Neurobiology Research Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
- Neurobiology Research Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shinozaki F, Kamei A, Shimada K, Matsuura H, Shibata T, Ikeuchi M, Yasuda K, Oroguchi T, Kishimoto N, Takashimizu S, Nishizaki Y, Abe K. Ingestion of taxifolin-rich foods affects brain activity, mental fatigue, and the whole blood transcriptome in healthy young adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Food Funct 2023; 14:3600-3612. [PMID: 36946764 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03151e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant properties of polyphenols, which are found in most plants, have been shown to be useful for maintaining health, including enhancing brain function and alleviating stress. We aimed to investigate the effect of a single intake of taxifolin-containing foods on cognitive task performance and whole blood gene expression in healthy young adults. This study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial in which healthy young adults were administered a single dose of either a placebo or food containing taxifolin. Cognitive tests (serial 3s, serial 7s, and rapid visual information processing) to examine brain activity and visual analog scale questionnaires to analyze mental fatigue were applied. The set of tests was repeated four times. The findings showed that taxifolin intake improved calculation abilities and reduced mental fatigue. An analysis of whole blood gene expression before and after the test revealed that the expression of foreign substance removal-related genes increased following the ingestion of taxifolin and that most differentially expressed genes were enriched in granulocytes. Taxifolin intake was shown to affect the brain activity of healthy young adults and demonstrated an antifatigue effect, thereby reducing subjective fatigue. A single intake of taxifolin may enhance the removal of foreign substances by strengthening the innate immune system and suppressing the occurrence of injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumika Shinozaki
- Group for Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Asuka Kamei
- Group for Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Kousuke Shimada
- Group for Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | | | - Takeo Shibata
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Studies, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ikeuchi
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Studies, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kayo Yasuda
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Studies, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Keiko Abe
- Group for Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Prostaglandin Metabolome Profiles in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Exposed to Acetochlor and Butachlor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043488. [PMID: 36834899 PMCID: PMC9963763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are critically important signaling molecules that play key roles in normal and pathophysiological processes. Many endocrine-disrupting chemicals have been found to suppress PG synthesis; however, studies about the effects of pesticides on PGs are limited. The effects of two known endocrine disrupting herbicides, acetochlor (AC) and butachlor (BC), on PG metabolites in zebrafish (Danio rerio) females and males were studied using widely targeted metabolomics analysis based on ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). In total, 40 PG metabolites were detected in 24 zebrafish samples, including female and male samples, with and without exposure to AC or BC at the sub-lethal concentration of 100 μg/L for 96 h. Among them, 19 PGs significantly responded to AC or BC treatment, including 18 PGs that were upregulated. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test in zebrafish showed BC could cause significant upregulation of an isoprostane metabolite, 5-iPF2a-VI, which is positively related to the elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present study guides us to conduct a further study to determine whether PG metabolites, including isoprostanes, could be potential biomarkers for chloracetamide herbicides.
Collapse
|
23
|
Dorneles GP, Teixeira PC, Peres A, Rodrigues Júnior LC, da Fonseca SG, Monteiro MC, Eller S, Oliveira TF, Wendland EM, Romão PRT. Endotoxin tolerance and low activation of TLR-4/NF-κB axis in monocytes of COVID-19 patients. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:183-195. [PMID: 36790534 PMCID: PMC9930695 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Higher endotoxin in the circulation may indicate a compromised state of host immune response against coinfections in severe COVID-19 patients. We evaluated the inflammatory response of monocytes from COVID-19 patients after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Whole blood samples of healthy controls, patients with mild COVID-19, and patients with severe COVID-19 were incubated with LPS for 2 h. Severe COVID-19 patients presented higher LPS and sCD14 levels in the plasma than healthy controls and mild COVID-19 patients. In non-stimulated in vitro condition, severe COVID-19 patients presented higher inflammatory cytokines and PGE-2 levels and CD14 + HLA-DRlow monocytes frequency than controls. Moreover, severe COVID-19 patients presented higher NF-κB p65 phosphorylation in CD14 + HLA-DRlow, as well as higher expression of TLR-4 and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation in CD14 + HLA-DRhigh compared to controls. The stimulation of LPS in whole blood of severe COVID-19 patients leads to lower cytokine production but higher PGE-2 levels compared to controls. Endotoxin challenge with both concentrations reduced the frequency of CD14 + HLA-DRlow in severe COVID-19 patients, but the increases in TLR-4 expression and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation were more pronounced in both CD14 + monocytes of healthy controls and mild COVID-19 patients compared to severe COVID-19 group. We conclude that acute SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with diminished endotoxin response in monocytes. KEY MESSAGES: Severe COVID-19 patients had higher levels of LPS and systemic IL-6 and TNF-α. Severe COVID-19 patients presented higher CD14+HLA-DRlow monocytes. Increased TLR-4/NF-κB axis was identified in monocytes of severe COVID-19. Blunted production of cytokines after whole blood LPS stimulation in severe COVID-19. Lower TLR-4/NF-κB activation in monocytes after LPS stimulation in severe COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilson P Dorneles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, Porto Alegre, RS, 245, 90050-170, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula C Teixeira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, Porto Alegre, RS, 245, 90050-170, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, Porto Alegre, RS, 245, 90050-170, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Rodrigues Júnior
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, Porto Alegre, RS, 245, 90050-170, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Sarah Eller
- Pharmacosciences Department, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago F Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eliana M Wendland
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pedro R T Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, Porto Alegre, RS, 245, 90050-170, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chiang KC, Gupta A, Sundd P, Krishnamurti L. Thrombo-Inflammation in COVID-19 and Sickle Cell Disease: Two Faces of the Same Coin. Biomedicines 2023; 11:338. [PMID: 36830874 PMCID: PMC9953430 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
People with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at greater risk of severe illness and death from respiratory infections, including COVID-19, than people without SCD (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA). Vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) in SCD and severe SARS-CoV-2 infection are both characterized by thrombo-inflammation mediated by endothelial injury, complement activation, inflammatory lipid storm, platelet activation, platelet-leukocyte adhesion, and activation of the coagulation cascade. Notably, lipid mediators, including thromboxane A2, significantly increase in severe COVID-19 and SCD. In addition, the release of thromboxane A2 from endothelial cells and macrophages stimulates platelets to release microvesicles, which are harbingers of multicellular adhesion and thrombo-inflammation. Currently, there are limited therapeutic strategies targeting platelet-neutrophil activation and thrombo-inflammation in either SCD or COVID-19 during acute crisis. However, due to many similarities between the pathobiology of thrombo-inflammation in SCD and COVID-19, therapies targeting one disease may likely be effective in the other. Therefore, the preclinical and clinical research spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic, including clinical trials of anti-thrombotic agents, are potentially applicable to VOC. Here, we first outline the parallels between SCD and COVID-19; second, review the role of lipid mediators in the pathogenesis of these diseases; and lastly, examine the therapeutic targets and potential treatments for the two diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajay Gupta
- KARE Biosciences, Orange, CA 89128, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI) School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Prithu Sundd
- Vascular Medicine Institute and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Lakshmanan Krishnamurti
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kongratanapasert T, Kongsomros S, Arya N, Sutummaporn K, Wiriyarat W, Akkhawattanangkul Y, Boonyarattanasoonthorn T, Asavapanumas N, Kanjanasirirat P, Suksatu A, Sa-ngiamsuntorn K, Borwornpinyo S, Vivithanaporn P, Chutipongtanate S, Hongeng S, Ongphiphadhanakul B, Thitithanyanont A, Khemawoot P, Sritara P. Pharmacological Activities of Fingerroot Extract and Its Phytoconstituents Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Golden Syrian Hamsters. J Exp Pharmacol 2023; 15:13-26. [PMID: 36699694 PMCID: PMC9869698 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s382895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to the suffering of people around the world, with an inaccessibility of specific and effective medication. Fingerroot extract, which showed in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, could alleviate the deficiency of antivirals and reduce the burden of health systems. Aim of Study In this study, we conducted an experiment in SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters to determine the efficacy of fingerroot extract in vivo. Materials and Methods The infected hamsters were orally administered with vehicle control, fingerroot extract 300 or 1000 mg/kg, or favipiravir 1000 mg/kg at 48 h post-infection for 7 consecutive days. The hamsters (n = 12 each group) were sacrificed at day 2, 4 and 8 post-infection to collect the plasma and lung tissues for analyses of viral output, lung histology and lung concentration of panduratin A. Results All animals in treatment groups reported no death, while one hamster in the control group died on day 3 post-infection. All treatments significantly reduced lung pathophysiology and inflammatory mediators, PGE2 and IL-6, compared to the control group. High levels of panduratin A were found in both the plasma and lung of infected animals. Conclusion Fingerroot extract was shown to be a potential of reducing lung inflammation and cytokines in hamsters. Further studies of the full pharmacokinetics and toxicity are required before entering into clinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teetat Kongratanapasert
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Supasek Kongsomros
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samutprakarn, 10540, Thailand
| | - Nlin Arya
- Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Kripitch Sutummaporn
- Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Witthawat Wiriyarat
- Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Yada Akkhawattanangkul
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Tussapon Boonyarattanasoonthorn
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samutprakarn, 10540, Thailand
| | - Nithi Asavapanumas
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samutprakarn, 10540, Thailand
| | - Phongthon Kanjanasirirat
- Excellence Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Ampa Suksatu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khanit Sa-ngiamsuntorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Suparerk Borwornpinyo
- Excellence Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Pornpun Vivithanaporn
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samutprakarn, 10540, Thailand
| | - Somchai Chutipongtanate
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samutprakarn, 10540, Thailand
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Excellence Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Boonsong Ongphiphadhanakul
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Phisit Khemawoot
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samutprakarn, 10540, Thailand
- Correspondence: Phisit Khemawoot, Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakarn, 10540, Thailand, Tel/Fax +66 28395161, Email
| | - Piyamitr Sritara
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Brook B, Fatou B, Kumar Checkervarty A, Barman S, Sweitzer C, Bosco AN, Sherman AC, Baden LR, Morrocchi E, Sanchez-Schmitz G, Palma P, Nanishi E, O'Meara TR, McGrath ME, Frieman MB, Soni D, van Haren SD, Ozonoff A, Diray-Arce J, Steen H, Dowling DJ, Levy O. The mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 demonstrates impaired T H1 immunogenicity in human elders in vitro and aged mice in vivo. RESEARCH SQUARE 2022:rs.3.rs-2395118. [PMID: 36597547 PMCID: PMC9810224 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2395118/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have been key to addressing the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic but have impaired immunogenicity and durability in vulnerable older populations. We evaluated the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 in human in vitro whole blood assays with supernatants from adult (18-50 years) and elder (≥60 years) participants measured by mass spectrometry and proximity extension assay proteomics. BNT162b2 induced increased expression of soluble proteins in adult blood (e.g., C1S, PSMC6, CPN1), but demonstrated reduced proteins in elder blood (e.g., TPM4, APOF, APOC2, CPN1, and PI16), including 30-85% lower induction of TH1-polarizing cytokines and chemokines (e.g., IFNγ, and CXCL10). Elder TH1 impairment was validated in mice in vivo and associated with impaired humoral and cellular immunogenicity. Our study demonstrates the utility of a human in vitro platform to model age-specific mRNA vaccine activity, highlights impaired TH1 immunogenicity in older adults, and provides rationale for developing enhanced mRNA vaccines with greater immunogenicity in vulnerable populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byron Brook
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benoit Fatou
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abhinav Kumar Checkervarty
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Research, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Soumik Barman
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cali Sweitzer
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna-Nicole Bosco
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy C Sherman
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lindsey R Baden
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena Morrocchi
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Guzman Sanchez-Schmitz
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Palma
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Chair of Pediatrics, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Etsuro Nanishi
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy R O'Meara
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marisa E McGrath
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew B Frieman
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dheeraj Soni
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon D van Haren
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Al Ozonoff
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joann Diray-Arce
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hanno Steen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J Dowling
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Henri J, Minder L, Mohanasundaram K, Dilly S, Goupil-Lamy A, Di Primo C, Slama Schwok A. Neuropeptides, New Ligands of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein, a Potential Link between Replication, Inflammation and Neurotransmission. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228094. [PMID: 36432196 PMCID: PMC9698730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This work identifies new ligands of the nucleoprotein N of SARS-CoV-2 by in silico screening, which used a new model of N, built from an Alphafold model refined by molecular dynamic simulations. The ligands were neuropeptides, such as substance P (1-7) and enkephalin, bound at a large site of the C-terminal or associated with the N-terminal β-sheet. The BA4 and BA5 Omicron variants of N also exhibited a large site as in wt N, and an increased flexibility of the BA5 variant, enabling substance P binding. The binding sites of some ligands deduced from modeling in wt N were assessed by mutation studies in surface plasmon resonance experiments. Dynamic light scattering showed that the ligands impeded RNA binding to N, which likely inhibited replication. We suggest that the physiological role of these neuropeptides in neurotransmission, pain and vasodilation for cholecystokinin and substance P could be altered by binding to N. We speculate that N may link between viral replication and multiple pathways leading to long COVID-19 symptoms. Therefore, N may constitute a "danger hub" that needs to be inhibited, even at high cost for the host. Antivirals targeted to N may therefore reduce the risk of brain fog and stroke, and improve patients' health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Henri
- Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR-CNRS 7238, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Minder
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB), CNRS, INSERM UAR 3033, US001, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Kevin Mohanasundaram
- Saint Antoine Hospital, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Sorbonne Université, Biology and Cancer Therapeutics, INSERM U938, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Dilly
- Saint Antoine Hospital, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Sorbonne Université, Biology and Cancer Therapeutics, INSERM U938, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - Anne Goupil-Lamy
- Biovia, Dassault Systèmes, 10 Rue Marcel Dassault, CS40501, CEDEX, F-78946 Vélizy-Villacoublay, France
| | - Carmelo Di Primo
- CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Anny Slama Schwok
- Saint Antoine Hospital, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Sorbonne Université, Biology and Cancer Therapeutics, INSERM U938, F-75231 Paris, France
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen J, Deng JC, Zemans RL, Bahmed K, Kosmider B, Zhang M, Peters-Golden M, Goldstein DR. Age-induced prostaglandin E 2 impairs mitochondrial fitness and increases mortality to influenza infection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6759. [PMID: 36351902 PMCID: PMC9643978 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging impairs the immune responses to influenza A virus (IAV), resulting in increased mortality to IAV infections in older adults. However, the factors within the aged lung that compromise host defense to IAV remain unknown. Using a murine model and human samples, we identified prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), as such a factor. Senescent type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) are overproducers of PGE2 within the aged lung. PGE2 impairs the proliferation of alveolar macrophages (AMs), critical cells for defense against respiratory pathogens, via reduction of oxidative phosphorylation and mitophagy. Importantly, blockade of the PGE2 receptor EP2 in aged mice improves AM mitochondrial function, increases AM numbers and enhances survival to IAV infection. In conclusion, our study reveals a key mechanism that compromises host defense to IAV, and possibly other respiratory infections, with aging and suggests potential new therapeutic or preventative avenues to protect against viral respiratory disease in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judy Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jane C Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rachel L Zemans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Karim Bahmed
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Beata Kosmider
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Daniel R Goldstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lee JH, Kanwar B, Khattak A, Balentine J, Nguyen NH, Kast RE, Lee CJ, Bourbeau J, Altschuler EL, Sergi CM, Nguyen TNM, Oh S, Sohn MG, Coleman M. COVID-19 Molecular Pathophysiology: Acetylation of Repurposing Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13260. [PMID: 36362045 PMCID: PMC9656873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces immune-mediated type 1 interferon (IFN-1) production, the pathophysiology of which involves sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) tetramerization and the cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway. As a result, type I interferonopathies are exacerbated. Aspirin inhibits cGAS-mediated signaling through cGAS acetylation. Acetylation contributes to cGAS activity control and activates IFN-1 production and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling via STING. Aspirin and dapsone inhibit the activation of both IFN-1 and NF-κB by targeting cGAS. We define these as anticatalytic mechanisms. It is necessary to alleviate the pathologic course and take the lag time of the odds of achieving viral clearance by day 7 to coordinate innate or adaptive immune cell reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hoon Lee
- Science and Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Badar Kanwar
- Department of Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care, Hunt Regional Hospital, Greenville, 75401 TX, USA
| | - Asif Khattak
- Department of Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care, Hunt Regional Hospital, Greenville, 75401 TX, USA
| | - Jenny Balentine
- Department of Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care, Hunt Regional Hospital, Greenville, 75401 TX, USA
| | - Ngoc Huy Nguyen
- Department of Health, Phutho Province, Tran Phu Str., Viet Tri City 227, Vietnam
| | | | - Chul Joong Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jean Bourbeau
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada
| | - Eric L. Altschuler
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Metropolitan Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Consolato M. Sergi
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | | | - Sangsuk Oh
- Department of Food Engineering, Food Safety Laboratory, Memory Unit, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03600, Korea
| | - Mun-Gi Sohn
- Department of Food Science, KyungHee University College of Life Science, Seoul 17104, Korea
| | - Michael Coleman
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Correlations between Cytokine Levels, Liver Function Markers, and Neuropilin-1 Expression in Patients with COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101636. [PMID: 36298501 PMCID: PMC9611321 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The study evaluated the correlations between cytokine levels, liver function markers, and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) expression in patients with COVID-19 in Egypt. The study also aimed to evaluate the accuracy sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of the tested laboratory parameters in identifying COVID-19 infection and its severity. Patients and Methods: Fifty healthy subjects and 100 confirmed patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. COVID-19 patients were separated into two groups based on the severity of their symptoms. Serum ALT, AST, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, IL-35, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) were estimated. We measured the gene expression for nuclear factor-kappa B p50 (NF-κB p50) and nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) and NRP-1 in blood samples using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). AUC and sensitivity and specificity for cytokine levels and NF-κB p50 and NF-κB p65 and NRP-1 in identifying COVID-19 infection were also determined in both moderate and severe patient groups using receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Results: All patients with COVID-19 showed higher serum activities of liver enzymes, levels of CRP, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, IL-35 PGE2, and TXA2, and mRNA expression of NF-κB p50, NF-κB p65, and NRP-1 than healthy subjects. The severe group exhibited a significant increase in serum ALT, AST and IL-6 and a significant decrease in albumin, IL-1β, TXA2, and NF-κB p65 levels compared to the moderate group. In all patients (moderate and severe), all cytokines were positively correlated with NF-κB p50, NF-κB p65 and NRP-1 expression levels. Serum ALT and AST were positively correlated with CRP, cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, IL-35 and TXA2), and NF-κB p50 and NF-κB p65 expression levels in both moderate and severe groups. They were also positively correlated with serum IL-1β level in the severe COVID-19 patient group and with NRP-1 expression in the moderate group. Using the logistic regression analysis, the most important four statistically significant predictors associated with COVID-19 infection in the study were found to be IL-6, TAX2, NF-κB p50 and NF-κB p65. ROC analysis of these variables revealed that three of them had AUC > 0.8. In moderate cases, AUC of the serum TXA2 level and NF-κB p65 expression were 0.843 (95% CI 0.517−0.742, p < 0.001) and 0.806 (95% CI 0.739−0.874, p < 0.001), respectively. In the severe group, AUC of serum IL-6 level was 0.844 (95% CI 0.783−0.904, p < 0.001). Moreover, Il-6 had a sensitivity of 100% in both moderate and severe groups. Conclusions: This study concluded that liver injury in patients with COVID-19 may be strongly attributed to the cytokines storm, especially IL-6, which was positively correlated to NF-κB p50, NF-κB p65 and NRP-1 mRNA expression levels. Moreover, ROC analysis revealed that IL-6, TXA2, and NF-κB p65 could be useful in predicting the possibility of infection with COVID-19, and IL-6 could be of possible significance as a good predictor of the severity and disease progress. However, RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection is essential to confirm infection and further clinical studies are required to confirm this elucidation.
Collapse
|
31
|
Yamaguchi A, Botta E, Holinstat M. Eicosanoids in inflammation in the blood and the vessel. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:997403. [PMID: 36238558 PMCID: PMC9551235 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.997403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are structural components of membrane phospholipids in cells. PUFAs regulate cellular function through the formation of derived lipid mediators termed eicosanoids. The oxygenation of 20-carbon PUFAs via the oxygenases cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, or cytochrome P450, generates a class of classical eicosanoids including prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes, and also the more recently identified hydroxy-, hydroperoxy-, epoxy- and oxo-eicosanoids, and the specialized pro-resolving (lipid) mediators. These eicosanoids play a critical role in the regulation of inflammation in the blood and the vessel. While arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids are extensively studied due to their pro-inflammatory effects and therefore involvement in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and the coronavirus disease 2019; in recent years, several eicosanoids have been reported to attenuate exacerbated inflammatory responses and participate in the resolution of inflammation. This review focused on elucidating the biosynthesis and the mechanistic signaling of eicosanoids in inflammation, as well as the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of these eicosanoids in the blood and the vascular wall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Eliana Botta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Michael Holinstat,
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Al-Maiahy TJ, Alexiou A, Mukerjee N, Batiha GES. Prostaglandins and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Covid-19. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-21. [PMID: 36098621 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2122290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In response to different viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2 infection, pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and bioactive lipids are released from infected and immune cells. One of the most critical bioactive lipids is prostaglandins (PGs) which favor perseverance of inflammation leading to chronic inflammation as PGs act as cytokine amplifiers. PGs trigger the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, activate Th cells, recruit immune cells, and increase the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Therefore, PGs may induce acute and chronic inflammations in various inflammatory disorders and viral infections like SARS-CoV-2. PGs are mainly inhibited by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by blocking cyclooxygenase enzymes (COXs), which involve PG synthesis. NSAIDs reduce inflammation by selective or non-selective blocking activity of COX2 or COX1/2, respectively. In the Covid-19 era, there is a tremendous controversy regarding the use of NSAIDs in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection. As well, the possible role of PGs in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is not well-defined. Thus, the objective of the present study is to review the potential role of PGs and NSAIDs in Covid-19 in a narrative review regarding the preponderance of assorted views.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Thabat J Al-Maiahy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department Of Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, aghdad, Iraq
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- AFNP Med, Wien, Austria
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, West Bengal, India
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Heber-sham, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mohammed A, Kalle AM, Reddanna P. Managing SARS-CoV2 Infections Through Resolution of Inflammation by Eicosanoids: A Review. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4349-4358. [PMID: 35937919 PMCID: PMC9346295 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s355568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Corona Virus Disease is characterized by angiocentric inflammation of lungs and cytokine storm leading to potentially fatal multiple organ failure. Several studies have shown the high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, indicative of a poor prognosis in COVID-19. Eicosanoids play an important role in the induction of inflammation and cytokine production, while anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties of some eicosanoic acid derivatives enable inflamed tissues to return to homeostasis through the resolution of inflammation by aiding the clearance of cell debris and downregulation of pro-inflammatory stimulants. This review attempts to provide an overall insight on the eicosanoids synthesis and their role in the resolution of inflammation in the context of Corona Virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ameena Mohammed
- Department of Biological Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Arunasree M Kalle
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Pallu Reddanna
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Aknouch I, Sridhar A, Freeze E, Giugliano FP, van Keulen BJ, Romijn M, Calitz C, García-Rodríguez I, Mulder L, Wildenberg ME, Muncan V, van Gils MJ, van Goudoever JB, Stittelaar KJ, Wolthers KC, Pajkrt D. Human milk inhibits some enveloped virus infections, including SARS-CoV-2, in an intestinal model. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:e202201432. [PMID: 35926873 PMCID: PMC9354649 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk is important for antimicrobial defense in infants and has well demonstrated antiviral activity. We evaluated the protective ability of human milk against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in a human fetal intestinal cell culture model. We found that, in this model, human milk blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication, irrespective of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibodies. Complete inhibition of both enveloped Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human respiratory syncytial virus infections was also observed, whereas no inhibition of non-enveloped enterovirus A71 infection was seen. Transcriptome analysis after 24 h of the intestinal monolayers treated with human milk showed large transcriptomic changes from human milk treatment, and subsequent analysis suggested that <i>ATP1A1</i> down-regulation by milk might be of importance. Inhibition of ATP1A1 blocked SARS-CoV-2 infection in our intestinal model, whereas no effect on EV-A71 infection was seen. Our data indicate that human milk has potent antiviral activity against particular (enveloped) viruses by potentially blocking the ATP1A1-mediated endocytic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikrame Aknouch
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, OrganoVIR Labs, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Viroclinics Xplore, Schaijk, The Netherlands
| | - Adithya Sridhar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, OrganoVIR Labs, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline Freeze
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, OrganoVIR Labs, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Paola Giugliano
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Intestinal and Liver Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Britt J van Keulen
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Emma Children's Hospital, Dutch National Human Milk Bank, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Romijn
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Emma Children's Hospital, Dutch National Human Milk Bank, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlemi Calitz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, OrganoVIR Labs, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inés García-Rodríguez
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, OrganoVIR Labs, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lance Mulder
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, OrganoVIR Labs, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon E Wildenberg
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Intestinal and Liver Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vanesa Muncan
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tytgat Institute for Intestinal and Liver Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes B van Goudoever
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Emma Children's Hospital, Dutch National Human Milk Bank, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koert J Stittelaar
- Department of Epidemiology, Bioinformatics and Animals Models, Wageningen University, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja C Wolthers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, OrganoVIR Labs, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dasja Pajkrt
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ogletree ML, Chander Chiang K, Kulshrestha R, Agarwal A, Agarwal A, Gupta A. Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress With Ramatroban, a Thromboxane A2 and Prostaglandin D2 Receptor Antagonist: A Four-Patient Case Series Report. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:904020. [PMID: 35935851 PMCID: PMC9355466 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.904020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxemia in COVID-19 pneumonia is associated with hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, and mortality. COVID-19 patients exhibit marked increases in fatty acid levels and inflammatory lipid mediators, predominantly arachidonic acid metabolites, notably thromboxane B2 >> prostaglandin E2 > prostaglandin D2. Thromboxane A2 increases pulmonary capillary pressure and microvascular permeability, leading to pulmonary edema, and causes bronchoconstriction contributing to ventilation/perfusion mismatch. Prostaglandin D2-stimulated IL-13 production is associated with respiratory failure, possibly due to hyaluronan accumulation in the lungs. Ramatroban is an orally bioavailable, dual thromboxane A2/TP and prostaglandin D2/DP2 receptor antagonist used in Japan for allergic rhinitis. Four consecutive outpatients with COVID-19 pneumonia treated with ramatroban exhibited rapid relief of dyspnea and hypoxemia within 12–36 h and complete resolution over 5 days, thereby avoiding hospitalization. Therefore, ramatroban as an antivasospastic, broncho-relaxant, antithrombotic, and immunomodulatory agent merits study in randomized clinical trials that might offer hope for a cost-effective pandemic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin L. Ogletree
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Martin L. Ogletree, ; Ajay Gupta,
| | | | | | - Aditya Agarwal
- Charak Foundation of India, Indore, India
- EyeSight Eye Hospital and Retina Centre, Indore, India
| | - Ashutosh Agarwal
- Charak Foundation of India, Indore, India
- EyeSight Eye Hospital and Retina Centre, Indore, India
| | - Ajay Gupta
- Charak Foundation, Orange, CA, United States
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Martin L. Ogletree, ; Ajay Gupta,
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
RNA Viruses, Pregnancy and Vaccination: Emerging Lessons from COVID-19 and Ebola Virus Disease. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070800. [PMID: 35890044 PMCID: PMC9322689 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic viruses with an RNA genome represent a challenge for global human health since they have the tremendous potential to develop into devastating pandemics/epidemics. The management of the recent COVID-19 pandemic was possible to a certain extent only because of the strong foundations laid by the research on previous viral outbreaks, especially Ebola Virus Disease (EVD). A clear understanding of the mechanisms of the host immune response generated upon viral infections is a prime requisite for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Hence, we present here a comparative study of alterations in immune response upon SARS-CoV-2 and Ebola virus infections that illustrate many common features. Vaccination and pregnancy are two important aspects that need to be studied from an immunological perspective. So, we summarize the outcomes and immune responses in vaccinated and pregnant individuals in the context of COVID-19 and EVD. Considering the significance of immunomodulatory approaches in combating both these diseases, we have also presented the state of the art of such therapeutics and prophylactics. Currently, several vaccines against these viruses have been approved or are under clinical trials in various parts of the world. Therefore, we also recapitulate the latest developments in these which would inspire researchers to look for possibilities of developing vaccines against many other RNA viruses. We hope that the similar aspects in COVID-19 and EVD open up new avenues for the development of pan-viral therapies.
Collapse
|
37
|
Omolaoye TS, Jalaleddine N, Cardona Maya WD, du Plessis SS. Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 and Male Infertility: Could Connexin and Pannexin Play a Role? Front Physiol 2022; 13:866675. [PMID: 35721552 PMCID: PMC9205395 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.866675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on male infertility has lately received significant attention. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in humans, has been shown to impose adverse effects on both the structural components and function of the testis, which potentially impact spermatogenesis. These adverse effects are partially explained by fever, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and an increased immune response leading to impaired blood-testis barrier. It has been well established that efficient cellular communication via gap junctions or functional channels is required for tissue homeostasis. Connexins and pannexins are two protein families that mediate autocrine and paracrine signaling between the cells and the extracellular environment. These channel-forming proteins have been shown to play a role in coordinating cellular communication in the testis and epididymis. Despite their role in maintaining a proper male reproductive milieu, their function is disrupted under pathological conditions. The involvement of these channels has been well documented in several physiological and pathological conditions and their designated function in infectious diseases. However, their role in COVID-19 and their meaningful contribution to male infertility remains to be elucidated. Therefore, this review highlights the multivariate pathophysiological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 involvement in male reproduction. It also aims to shed light on the role of connexin and pannexin channels in disease progression, emphasizing their unexplored role and regulation of SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology. Finally, we hypothesize the possible involvement of connexins and pannexins in SARS-CoV-2 inducing male infertility to assist future research ideas targeting therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Temidayo S. Omolaoye
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour Jalaleddine
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Walter D. Cardona Maya
- Reproduction Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Stefan S. du Plessis
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Stefan S. du Plessis,
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yuan L, Sun Y, Zhou N, Wu W, Zheng W, Wang Y. Dihydroquercetin Attenuates Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting Ferroptosis Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:845600. [PMID: 35645837 PMCID: PMC9133504 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.845600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is a fatal occupational lung disease which currently has no effective treatment. Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) is a flavonoid compound known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer bioactivity. However, whether DHQ protects against silica-induced lung fibrosis remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of DHQ on silica-induced lung fibrosis and the underlying molecular mechanism in vivo and in vitro. Our results demonstrated that DHQ treatment markedly attenuated SiO2-induced inflammation and fibrosis degree of lung tissues in the C57BL/6 mice. Additionally, experiments in vitro also confirmed that conditioned medium from DHQ-treated human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells significantly decreased expression of fibrosis markers of human fetal lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5), such as α-SMA, collagen1 and fibronectin. Interestingly, HBE cells treated by DHQ showed few morphological features of ferroptosis compared with SiO2-treated cells. Furthermore, DHQ treatment remarkably inhibited ferroptosis in activated HBE cells by decreasing the accumulation of iron and lipid peroxidation products, and increasing levels of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), whereas stimulation of ferroptosis by specific inducer erastin deeply impaired anti-fibrosis effect of DHQ in vitro. More importantly, our results showed that DHQ also evidently suppressed ferritinophagy by down-regulation of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3), and up-regulation of ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), nuclear receptor co-activator 4 (NCOA4) in activated HBE cells. Nevertheless, activation of ferritinophagy by specific inducer rapamycin (Rapa) evidently blocked DHQ-inhibited HBE cells ferritinophagy and anti-fibrosis effect of DHQ. Overall, our research revealed that inhibition of ferritinophagy-mediated HBE cells ferroptosis was responsible for DHQ to ameliorate SiO2-induced lung fibrosis, which provided a preliminary theoretical basis for the clinical application of DHQ in the treatment of silicosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leyong Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weipeng Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weidong Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Weidong Zheng, ; Yukun Wang,
| | - Yukun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Weidong Zheng, ; Yukun Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Perfilyeva YV, Ostapchuk YO, Tleulieva R, Kali A, Abdolla N, Krasnoshtanov VK, Perfilyeva AV, Belyaev NN. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in COVID-19: A review. Clin Immunol 2022; 238:109024. [PMID: 35489643 PMCID: PMC9042722 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a potentially life-threatening infection characterized by excessive inflammation, coagulation disorders and organ damage. A dysregulated myeloid cell compartment is one of the most striking immunopathologic signatures of this newly emerged infection. A growing number of studies are reporting on the expansion of myeloid cells with immunoregulatory activities in the periphery and airways of COVID-19 patients. These cells share phenotypic and functional similarities with myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which were first described in cancer patients. MDSCs are a heterogeneous population of pathologically activated myeloid cells that exert immunosuppressive activities against mainly effector T cells. The increased frequency of these cells in COVID-19 patients suggests that they are involved in immune regulation during this infection. In this article, we review the current findings on MDSCs in COVID-19 and discuss the complex role of these cells in the immunopathology of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya V Perfilyeva
- M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, 86 Dosmukhamedov St., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan; Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, 14 Zhahanger St., Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan.
| | - Yekaterina O Ostapchuk
- M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, 86 Dosmukhamedov St., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan; Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, 14 Zhahanger St., Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan
| | - Raikhan Tleulieva
- M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, 86 Dosmukhamedov St., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Aykin Kali
- M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, 86 Dosmukhamedov St., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurshat Abdolla
- M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, 86 Dosmukhamedov St., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan; Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, 14 Zhahanger St., Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Nikolai N Belyaev
- Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira St., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
D-dimer and CoV-2 spike-immune complexes contribute to the production of PGE2 and proinflammatory cytokines in monocytes. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010468. [PMID: 35385545 PMCID: PMC9015149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An overreactive inflammatory response and coagulopathy are observed in patients with severe form of COVID-19. Since increased levels of D-dimer (DD) are associated with coagulopathy in COVID-19, we explored whether DD contributes to the aberrant cytokine responses. Here we show that treatment of healthy human monocytes with DD induced a dose dependent increase in production of pyrogenic mediator, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8. The DD-induced PGE2 and inflammatory cytokines were enhanced significantly by co-treatment with immune complexes (IC) of SARS CoV-2 recombinant S protein or of pseudovirus containing SARS CoV-2 S protein (PVCoV-2) coated with spike-specific chimeric monoclonal antibody (MAb) containing mouse variable and human Fc regions. The production of PGE2 and cytokines in monocytes activated with DD and ICs was sensitive to the inhibitors of β2 integrin and FcγRIIa, and to the inhibitors of calcium signaling, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway, and tyrosine-protein kinase. Importantly, strong increase in PGE2 and in IL-6/IL-8/IL-1β cytokines was observed in monocytes activated with DD in the presence of IC of PVCoV-2 coated with plasma from hospitalized COVID-19 patients but not from healthy donors. The IC of PVCoV-2 with convalescent plasma induced much lower levels of PGE2 and cytokines compared with plasma from hospitalized COVID-19 patients. PGE2 and IL-6/IL-8 cytokines produced in monocytes activated with plasma-containing IC, correlated well with the levels of spike binding antibodies and not with neutralizing antibody titers. Our study suggests that a combination of high levels of DD and high titers of spike-binding antibodies that can form IC with SARS CoV-2 viral particles might accelerate the inflammatory status of lung infiltrating monocytes leading to increased lung pathology in patients with severe form of COVID-19.
Collapse
|
41
|
R T Romão P, Teixeira PC, Schipper L, da Silva I, Santana Filho P, Carlos Rodrigues Júnior L, Peres A, Gonçalves da Fonseca S, Chagas Monteiro M, Lira FS, Andrey Cipriani Frade M, Comerlato J, Baldisserotto Comerlato C, Hayashi Sant'Anna F, Bessel M, Monteiro Abreu C, Wendland EM, Dorneles GP. Viral load is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and altered monocyte phenotype in acute severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108697. [PMID: 35405594 PMCID: PMC8920784 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes play a major role in the initial innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Although viral load may correlate with several clinical outcomes in COVID-19, much less is known regarding their impact on innate immune phenotype. We evaluated the monocyte phenotype and mitochondrial function in severe COVID-19 patients (n = 22) with different viral burden (determined by the median of viral load of the patients) at hospital admission. Severe COVID-19 patients presented lower frequency of CD14 + CD16- classical monocytes and CD39 expression on CD14 + monocytes, and higher frequency of CD14 + CD16 + intermediate and CD14-CD16 + nonclassical monocytes as compared to healthy controls independently of viral load. COVID-19 patients with high viral load exhibited increased GM-CSF, PGE-2 and lower IFN-α as compared to severe COVID-19 patients with low viral load (p < 0.05). CD14 + monocytes of COVID-19 patients with high viral load presented higher expression of PD-1 but lower HLA-DR on the cell surface than severe COVID-19 patients with low viral load. All COVID-19 patients presented decreased monocyte mitochondria membrane polarization, but high SARS-CoV-2 viral load was associated with increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. In this sense, higher viral load induces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation associated with exhaustion profile in CD14 + monocytes of severe COVID-19 patients. Altogether, these data shed light on new pathological mechanisms involving SARS-CoV-2 viral load on monocyte activation and mitochondrial function, which were associated with COVID-19 severity.
Collapse
|
42
|
Sokolowska M, Rovati GE, Diamant Z, Untersmayr E, Schwarze J, Lukasik Z, Sava F, Angelina A, Palomares O, Akdis C, O'Mahony L, Jesenak M, Pfaar O, Torres MJ, Sanak M, Dahlén S, Woszczek G. Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers on antiviral and allergic responses: EAACI task force on eicosanoids consensus report in times of COVID-19. Allergy 2022; 77:2337-2354. [PMID: 35174512 PMCID: PMC9111413 DOI: 10.1111/all.15258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers are among the most ubiquitously used medications in the general population. Their broad anti‐inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects are applied against symptoms of respiratory infections, including SARS‐CoV‐2, as well as in other acute and chronic inflammatory diseases that often coexist with allergy and asthma. However, the current pandemic of COVID‐19 also revealed the gaps in our understanding of their mechanism of action, selectivity, and interactions not only during viral infections and inflammation, but also in asthma exacerbations, uncontrolled allergic inflammation, and NSAIDs‐exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD). In this context, the consensus report summarizes currently available knowledge, novel discoveries, and controversies regarding the use of NSAIDs in COVID‐19, and the role of NSAIDs in asthma and viral asthma exacerbations. We also describe here novel mechanisms of action of leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs), outline how to predict responses to LTRA therapy and discuss a potential role of LTRA therapy in COVID‐19 treatment. Moreover, we discuss interactions of novel T2 biologicals and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers on the horizon, such as prostaglandin D2 antagonists and cannabinoids, with eicosanoid pathways, in context of viral infections and exacerbations of asthma and allergic diseases. Finally, we identify and summarize the major knowledge gaps and unmet needs in current eicosanoid research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne ‐ Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - G Enrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Section of Pharmacology and Biosciences University of Milan Milano Italy
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Skane University Hospital Lund Sweden
- Department Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation Ku Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Thomayer Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Jürgen Schwarze
- Child Life and Health and Centre for Inflammation Research The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Zuzanna Lukasik
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Florentina Sava
- London North Genomic Laboratory Hub Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Alba Angelina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Chemistry Complutense University Madrid Spain
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Chemistry Complutense University Madrid Spain
| | - Cezmi Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne ‐ Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology APC Microbiome IrelandUniversity College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - Milos Jesenak
- Department of Pulmonology and Phthisiology Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Department of Pediatrics Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin Comenius University in BratislavaUniversity Teaching Hospital in Martin Slovakia
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section of Rhinology and Allergy University Hospital MarburgPhilipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - María José Torres
- Allergy Unit Málaga Regional University Hospital‐IBIMA‐UMA Málaga Spain
| | - Marek Sanak
- Department of Medicine Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| | - Sven‐Erik Dahlén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and the Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institute, and the Department of Respiratory Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Grzegorz Woszczek
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences King's College London London UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hasankhani A, Bahrami A, Sheybani N, Aria B, Hemati B, Fatehi F, Ghaem Maghami Farahani H, Javanmard G, Rezaee M, Kastelic JP, Barkema HW. Differential Co-Expression Network Analysis Reveals Key Hub-High Traffic Genes as Potential Therapeutic Targets for COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Immunol 2022; 12:789317. [PMID: 34975885 PMCID: PMC8714803 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.789317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The recent emergence of COVID-19, rapid worldwide spread, and incomplete knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection have limited development of therapeutic strategies. Our objective was to systematically investigate molecular regulatory mechanisms of COVID-19, using a combination of high throughput RNA-sequencing-based transcriptomics and systems biology approaches. Methods RNA-Seq data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy persons, mild and severe 17 COVID-19 patients were analyzed to generate a gene expression matrix. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify co-expression modules in healthy samples as a reference set. For differential co-expression network analysis, module preservation and module-trait relationships approaches were used to identify key modules. Then, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, based on co-expressed hub genes, were constructed to identify hub genes/TFs with the highest information transfer (hub-high traffic genes) within candidate modules. Results Based on differential co-expression network analysis, connectivity patterns and network density, 72% (15 of 21) of modules identified in healthy samples were altered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 caused systemic perturbations in host biological gene networks. In functional enrichment analysis, among 15 non-preserved modules and two significant highly-correlated modules (identified by MTRs), 9 modules were directly related to the host immune response and COVID-19 immunopathogenesis. Intriguingly, systemic investigation of SARS-CoV-2 infection identified signaling pathways and key genes/proteins associated with COVID-19's main hallmarks, e.g., cytokine storm, respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute lung injury (ALI), lymphopenia, coagulation disorders, thrombosis, and pregnancy complications, as well as comorbidities associated with COVID-19, e.g., asthma, diabetic complications, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), liver disorders and acute kidney injury (AKI). Topological analysis with betweenness centrality (BC) identified 290 hub-high traffic genes, central in both co-expression and PPI networks. We also identified several transcriptional regulatory factors, including NFKB1, HIF1A, AHR, and TP53, with important immunoregulatory roles in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, several hub-high traffic genes, including IL6, IL1B, IL10, TNF, SOCS1, SOCS3, ICAM1, PTEN, RHOA, GDI2, SUMO1, CASP1, IRAK3, HSPA5, ADRB2, PRF1, GZMB, OASL, CCL5, HSP90AA1, HSPD1, IFNG, MAPK1, RAB5A, and TNFRSF1A had the highest rates of information transfer in 9 candidate modules and central roles in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis. Conclusion This study provides comprehensive information on molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-host interactions and identifies several hub-high traffic genes as promising therapeutic targets for the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliakbar Hasankhani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Bahrami
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.,Biomedical Center for Systems Biology Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Negin Sheybani
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Aria
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Behzad Hemati
- Biotechnology Research Center, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farhang Fatehi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Ghazaleh Javanmard
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rezaee
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - John P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Shirvaliloo M. The unfavorable clinical outcome of COVID-19 in smokers is mediated by H3K4me3, H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 histone marks. Epigenomics 2022; 14:153-162. [PMID: 35021853 PMCID: PMC8763212 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking could predispose individuals to a more severe COVID-19 by upregulating a particular gene known as mdig, which is mediated through a number of well-known histone modifications. Smoking might regulate the transcription-activating H3K4me3 mark, along with the transcription-repressing H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 marks, in a way to favor SARS-CoV-2 entry by enhancing the expression of ACE2, NRP1 and NRP2, AT1R, CTSD and CTSL, PGE2 receptors 2-4, SLC6A20 and IL-6, all of which interact either directly or indirectly with important receptors, facilitating viral entry in COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Shirvaliloo
- Infectious & Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chiang KC, Rizk JG, Nelson DJ, Krishnamurti L, Subbian S, Imig JD, Khan I, Reddy ST, Gupta A. Ramatroban for chemoprophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19: David takes on Goliath. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:13-28. [PMID: 35068281 PMCID: PMC10119876 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2031975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In COVID-19 pneumonia, there is a massive increase in fatty acid levels and lipid mediators with a predominance of cyclooxygenase metabolites, notably TxB2 ≫ PGE2 > PGD2 in the lungs, and 11-dehydro-TxB2, a TxA2 metabolite, in the systemic circulation. While TxA2 stimulates thromboxane prostanoid (TP) receptors, 11-dehydro-TxB2 is a full agonist of DP2 (formerly known as the CRTh2) receptors for PGD2. Anecdotal experience of using ramatroban, a dual receptor antagonist of the TxA2/TP and PGD2/DP2 receptors, demonstrated rapid symptomatic relief from acute respiratory distress and hypoxemia while avoiding hospitalization. AREAS COVERED Evidence supporting the role of TxA2/TP receptors and PGD2/DP2 receptors in causing rapidly progressive lung injury associated with hypoxemia, a maladaptive immune response and thromboinflammation is discussed. An innovative perspective on the dual antagonism of TxA2/TP and PGD2/DP2 receptor signaling as a therapeutic approach in COVID-19 is presented. This paper examines ramatroban an anti-platelet, immunomodulator, and antifibrotic agent for acute and long-haul COVID-19. EXPERT OPINION Ramatroban, a dual blocker of TP and DP2 receptors, has demonstrated efficacy in animal models of respiratory dysfunction, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and sepsis, as well as preliminary evidence for rapid relief from dyspnea and hypoxemia in COVID-19 pneumonia. Ramatroban merits investigation as a promising antithrombotic and immunomodulatory agent for chemoprophylaxis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John G. Rizk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Arizona State University, Edson College, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Lakshmanan Krishnamurti
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School and Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - John D. Imig
- Drug Discovery Center and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Srinivasa T. Reddy
- Departments of Medicine, and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Degree Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ajay Gupta
- Charak Foundation, Orange, CA
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chiang KC, Imig JD, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Gupta A. Kidney in the net of acute and long-haul coronavirus disease 2019: a potential role for lipid mediators in causing renal injury and fibrosis. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2022; 31:36-46. [PMID: 34846312 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Severe COVID-19 disease is often complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI), which may transition to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Better understanding of underlying mechanisms is important in advancing therapeutic approaches. RECENT FINDINGS SARS-CoV-2-induced endothelial injury initiates platelet activation, platelet-neutrophil partnership and release of neutrophil extracellular traps. The resulting thromboinflammation causes ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury to end organs. Severe COVID-19 induces a lipid-mediator storm with massive increases in thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and PGD2, which promote thromboinflammation and apoptosis of renal tubular cells, respectively, and thereby enhance renal fibrosis. COVID-19-associated AKI improves rapidly in the majority. However, 15-30% have protracted renal injury, raising the specter of transition from AKI to CKD. SUMMARY In COVID-19, the lipid-mediator storm promotes thromboinflammation, ischemia-reperfusion injury and cytotoxicity. The thromboxane A2 and PGD2 signaling presents a therapeutic target with potential to mitigate AKI and transition to CKD. Ramatroban, the only dual antagonist of the thromboxane A2/TPr and PGD2/DPr2 signaling could potentially mitigate renal injury in acute and long-haul COVID. Urgent studies targeting the lipid-mediator storm are needed to potentially reduce the heavy burden of kidney disease emerging in the wake of the current pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John D Imig
- Drug Discovery Center and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI) School of Medicine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Ajay Gupta
- KARE Biosciences, Orange, California
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI) School of Medicine, Orange, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|