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Willen SS, Baines K, Ennis-McMillan MC. Cultivating Voice and Solidarity in Times of Crisis: Ethnographic Online Journaling as a Pedagogical Tool. Cult Med Psychiatry 2024; 48:45-65. [PMID: 37740889 DOI: 10.1007/s11013-023-09832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Ethnographic journaling can provide students with powerful opportunities to recognize and value their individual and collective perspectives as both observers and analysts of the world around them, especially in times of crisis. In this Perspectives essay, we share our experiences of using the Pandemic Journaling Project platform as a teaching resource in the first years of the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. We consider various aspects of online ethnographic journaling, including creative teaching strategies, journaling's therapeutic potential, and student perspectives on the opportunity to document their own experiences as a forward-looking form of "archival activism." We also discuss how journaling can create robust ethnographic learning opportunities while at the same time providing a valuable space for connection and social support, especially when classroom dynamics are constrained by crisis conditions. Ethnographic journaling can help students appreciate what it means for ethnographers to bring their whole selves into their qualitative work in ways that can challenge mainstream misconceptions and contribute concrete forms of data and ethnographic insight. Overall, the essay explores how ethnographic journaling can create meaningful and creative opportunities for curricular innovation; generate durable forms of ethnographic insight; and also bring student experiences into the classroom in ways that can help them cultivate their voice, build a sense of solidarity, and potentially ease student distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Willen
- Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
- Research Program on Global Health & Human Rights, Human Rights Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
| | - Kristina Baines
- Anthropology, Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, City University of New York (CUNY), Guttman Community College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
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Kim BN, Kang HS, Park J. Meaning-making while staying connected matters in psychological adaptation during pandemic: a longitudinal moderated mediation study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1364903. [PMID: 38487658 PMCID: PMC10937733 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1364903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Adversity may bring about both negative and positive changes in psychological adaptation. Although there is mounting evidence regarding the psychological distress during the pandemic, the other side of posttraumatic change, posttraumatic growth (PTG) and its predictors are relatively underexamined. Moreover, there is a paucity of longitudinal investigations that examined intra- and interpersonal predictors responsible for both sides of psychological adaptation. Therefore, this study comprehensively examined the longitudinal relationship among cognitive processing, social support, and adaptation during the pandemic using a moderated mediation model. Specifically, it was tested whether two types of event-related rumination mediated the link between perceived stress and ambilateral adaptational outcomes, and whether social support moderated the mediating pathways of ruminations on adaptation. After informed consent, a representative sample of adults was followed up for over a year, and answered a package of online questionnaires. The results showed that intrusive rumination prospectively predicted greater psychological distress and less PTG in response to stress, whereas deliberate rumination led to less psychological distress and more PTG over time. As predicted, the indirect protective effect of deliberate rumination was stronger when perceived social support was higher. This longitudinal study highlighted the core factors responsible for continued suffering and personal growth during the pandemic. These results have both practical and clinical implications for mental healthcare in the post-COVID era, when the heterogeneity of psychological adaptation increases and preparation for the next pandemic is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Na Kim
- Department of Psychology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Shin Kang
- Department of Psychology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungkyu Park
- Department of Psychology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Y, Zhang N, Da L, Feng D, Zhao C. Risk perception predicts post-traumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: the mediation effect of engaging in health-protective behaviors. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:362-374. [PMID: 37899648 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2274313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the public to enormous health risks and induced wide-ranging impacts on people's mental health. Post-traumatic growth is a possible psychological benefits that may occur during struggling with the COVID-19 pandemic. This research explored 1) demographics differences on risk perception of COVID-19 pandemic, engagement in health-protective behavior and post-traumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic; and 2) the mediation effect of engaging in health-protective behaviors between risk perception and post-traumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Females showed a significant higher level of engagement in health-protective behaviors. People who were married reported a significantly higher level of risk perception, engagement in health-protective behavior and post-traumatic growth than those who were in other marital status (i.e. single, divorced, widowed). People who had acquaintances being infected with COVID-19 reported significant higher level of risk perception and engagement in health-protective behaviors. Engagement in health-protective behaviors mediated the relationship between risk perception and post-traumatic growth. Implications of the results for public health interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine School of Public Health and Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine School of Public Health and Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Da
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danyuan Feng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caifeng Zhao
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Bovero A, Balzani S, Tormen G, Malandrone F, Carletto S. Factors Associated with Post-Traumatic Growth during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 13:95. [PMID: 38202102 PMCID: PMC10779553 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedented event that further stimulated the debate on the concept of trauma. To increase knowledge about the traumatic potential of the pandemic, the main objective of this study was to identify, through a systematic literature review, the main factors associated with the adaptive outcome of post-traumatic growth caused by COVID-19. Studies were selected from the PsychInfo, Embase, and PubMed databases, and 29 articles were included at the end of the screening process. The identified factors are of different natures, including personal variables such as personality traits, coping, and cognitive strategies used to face adversity, and interpersonal variables, one of the most important of which is the level of social support. In addition, several results confirmed a relationship between post-traumatic growth and post-traumatic stress symptoms, as well as indices related to psychological well-being. Finally, the results are discussed by comparing them with those already present in the literature, as well as with some of the main explanatory models of post-traumatic growth. In this regard, some of the factors identified, such as maladaptive coping, avoidance symptoms, optimism, and low-stress tolerance, suggest the possibility that the process of post-traumatic growth may also be characterized by an illusory dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bovero
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, 10123 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (S.B.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Sarah Balzani
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, 10123 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (S.B.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Gabriela Tormen
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, 10123 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (S.B.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Francesca Malandrone
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Carletto
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, 10123 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (S.B.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
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Fox AB, Baier AL, Alpert E, Nillni YI, Galovski TE. Psychosocial and Economic Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Veteran Men and Women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32:1041-1051. [PMID: 37610854 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The psychosocial impacts of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on women Veterans' mental health compared to men are understudied, with few studies examining the differential impact of COVID-19 stressors on depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Furthermore, little is known about whether social support may buffer against adverse pandemic-related outcomes for this population. In the present study, we examined (1) gender differences in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on numerous life domains, including economic, work, home, social, and health; (2) how pandemic impacts in these domains were associated with depression and PTSD symptoms; and (3) whether social support buffered against worse mental health outcomes. Materials and Methods: Data from 1530 Veterans enrolled in the Longitudinal Investigation of Gender, Health, and Trauma (LIGHT) study were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple groups' path analyses. Results: Women reported higher pandemic impact scores across life domains. For both men and women, higher health impacts were associated with increased PTSD symptoms; differential findings emerged for depressive symptoms. Home and economic impacts were associated with increased depression for both men and women, social and health impacts were associated with depression for women, and work impacts were associated with depression for men. Higher social support was associated with decreased depressive symptoms for both men and women; however, social support moderated the relationship between pandemic impacts and both PTSD and depressive symptoms for women only. Conclusions: Findings highlight the value of social support in mitigating effects of pandemic-related stress, particularly for women Veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie B Fox
- National Center for PTSD Women's Health Sciences Division at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- School of Healthcare Leadership, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allison L Baier
- National Center for PTSD Women's Health Sciences Division at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Alpert
- National Center for PTSD Women's Health Sciences Division at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yael I Nillni
- National Center for PTSD Women's Health Sciences Division at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tara E Galovski
- National Center for PTSD Women's Health Sciences Division at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Polizzi CP, McDonald CW, Sleight FG, Lynn SJ. Resilience, Coping, and the Covid-19 Pandemic Across the Globe - an Update: What Have we Learned? CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2023; 20:316-326. [PMID: 37791081 PMCID: PMC10544248 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic is a mass traumatic event that has universally and indiscriminately negatively affected the world. The adverse consequences of the pandemic have globally impacted psychological health and well-being via increased stressors, such as uncertainty, health anxieties, and financial instability. During the initial months of the pandemic, we (Polizzi et al., 2020) identified coping strategies that may be well-suited to address the sequelae of the pandemic. These strategies included behavioral activation, acceptance-based coping, mindfulness practice, and loving-kindness meditation. We argued that these coping skills may foster resilience and recovery during the pandemic by generating a sense of social connection, encouraging meaning-making, and enhancing feelings of control amid uncertainty. Three years later, we update our initial suggestions by providing a narrative review that considers empirical evidence collected during the pandemic to support the utility of the previously identified coping strategies as well as additional strategies. We also discuss cross-cultural similarities and differences among these strategies and how research supports their application across diverse countries and groups. Finally, we conclude by synthesizing the literature within a regulatory flexibility framework that emphasizes flexible skill implementation with respect to sensitivity to context, coping repertoires, and feedback from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig P. Polizzi
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
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Petrocchi S, Pellegrino SA, Manoni G, Petrovic G, Schulz PJ. "What does not kill you… mutates and tries again." A study on personality determinants of post-traumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 42:1-15. [PMID: 37359602 PMCID: PMC9999076 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic was recognized as a collective trauma and as a major threat to mental health. Recent literature focused on the stress symptomatology or post-traumatic stress disorder associated to the COVID-19 exposure. The concept that people have a natural inclination toward growth, even under stressful and threatening events, gathered less attention. Previous research has analyzed antecedents of post-traumatic growth (PTG) with non-conclusive results. Methods. The present research aimed at including findings on PTG from personality traits, i.e., sense of control and self-mastery, and distal condition of nurturance and support received by others, i.e., cognitive and affective well-being. Analyses were based on 4934 interviews with adults (Mage = 57.81 years, 55.5% women) from the Swiss Household Panel study. Results. Relationships over time emerged between sense of control and self-mastery on PTG and worries, measured after two years, via the mediation of cognitive and affective well-being. Conclusion. Results come from a large study in a design seldom employed in this type of research and can inform both research and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Petrocchi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Via Buffi 13, Lugano, 6900 Switzerland
| | - Sara Angela Pellegrino
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Via Buffi 13, Lugano, 6900 Switzerland
| | - Greta Manoni
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Via Buffi 13, Lugano, 6900 Switzerland
| | - Giada Petrovic
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Via Buffi 13, Lugano, 6900 Switzerland
| | - Peter J. Schulz
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Via Buffi 13, Lugano, 6900 Switzerland
- Faculty of Communication, Science, and Society, Università della Svizzera italiana, Via Buffi 13, Lugano, 6900 Switzerland
- Department of Communication & Media, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Barnicot K, McCabe R, Bogosian A, Papadopoulos R, Crawford M, Aitken P, Christensen T, Wilson J, Teague B, Rana R, Willis D, Barclay R, Chung A, Rohricht F. Predictors of Post-Traumatic Growth in a Sample of United Kingdom Mental and Community Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3539. [PMID: 36834236 PMCID: PMC9965513 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Experiences of adversity can generate positive psychological effects alongside negative impacts. Little research to date has evaluated predictors of post-traumatic growth in mental or community healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Following a survey of 854 community and mental healthcare staff in the United Kingdom in July to September 2020, multiple linear regression was used to determine the association between hypothesised risk and protective factors (personal, organisational and environmental variables) and total scores on the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory-Short Version. Positive self-reflection activities, black and minority ethnic status, developing new healthcare knowledge and skills, connecting with friends and family, feeling supported by senior management, feeling supported by the UK people, and anxiety about the personal and work-related consequences of COVID-19 each significantly independently predicted greater post-traumatic growth. Working in a clinical role and in mental healthcare or community physical healthcare predicted lower post-traumatic growth. Our research supports the value of taking an organisational growth-focused approach to occupational health during times of adversity, by supporting staff to embrace opportunities for personal growth. Valuing staff's cultural and religious identity and encouraging self-reflective activities, such as mindfulness and meditation, may help to promote post-traumatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Barnicot
- Department of Health Services Research and Management, University of London, London WC1E 7HU, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Rose McCabe
- Department of Health Services Research and Management, University of London, London WC1E 7HU, UK
| | - Angeliki Bogosian
- Department of Health Services Research and Management, University of London, London WC1E 7HU, UK
| | - Renos Papadopoulos
- Department of Psychosocial and Psychoanalytic Studies, University of Essex, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Mike Crawford
- Department of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | | | - Jonathan Wilson
- Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich NR6 5BE, UK
| | - Bonnie Teague
- Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich NR6 5BE, UK
| | - Ravi Rana
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, London E1 8DE, UK
| | - Donna Willis
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, London E1 8DE, UK
| | - Ryan Barclay
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, London E1 8DE, UK
| | - Amy Chung
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, London E1 8DE, UK
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Pierce ZP, Johnson ER, Kim IA, Lear BE, Mast AM, Black JM. Therapeutic interventions impact brain function and promote post-traumatic growth in adults living with post-traumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1074972. [PMID: 36844333 PMCID: PMC9948410 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1074972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present systematic review and meta-analysis explores the impacts of cognitive processing therapy (CPT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and prolonged exposure (PE) therapy on neural activity underlying the phenomenon of post-traumatic growth for adult trauma survivors. Methods We utilized the following databases to conduct our systematic search: Boston College Libraries, PubMed, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO. Our initial search yielded 834 studies for initial screening. We implemented seven eligibility criteria to vet articles for full-text review. Twenty-nine studies remained for full-text review after our systematic review process was completed. Studies were subjected to several levels of analysis. First, pre-and post- test post-traumatic growth inventory (PTGI) scores were collected from all studies and analyzed through a forest plot using Hedges' g. Next, Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinates and t-scores were collected and analyzed using an Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) to measure brain function. T-scores and Hedges' g values were then analyzed using Pearson correlations to determine if there were any relationships between brain function and post-traumatic growth for each modality. Lastly, all studies were subjected to a bubble plot and Egger's test to assess risk of publication bias across the review sample. Results Forest plot results indicated that all three interventions had a robust effect on PTGI scores. ALE meta-analysis results indicated that EMDR exhibited the largest effect on brain function, with the R thalamus (t = 4.23, p < 0.001) showing robust activation, followed closely by the R precuneus (t = 4.19, p < 0.001). Pearson correlation results showed that EMDR demonstrated the strongest correlation between increased brain function and PTGI scores (r = 0.910, p < 0.001). Qualitative review of the bubble plot indicated no obvious traces of publication bias, which was corroborated by the results of the Egger's test (p = 0.127). Discussion Our systematic review and meta-analysis showed that CPT, EMDR, and PE each exhibited a robust effect on PTG impacts across the course of treatment. However, when looking closer at comparative analyses of neural activity (ALE) and PTGI scores (Pearson correlation), EMDR exhibited a more robust effect on PTG impacts and brain function than CPT and PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P. Pierce
- School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
- The Cell to Society Laboratory, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Emily R. Johnson
- School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
- The Cell to Society Laboratory, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Isabelle A. Kim
- The Cell to Society Laboratory, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brianna E. Lear
- The Cell to Society Laboratory, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - A. Michaela Mast
- School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
- The Cell to Society Laboratory, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Jessica M. Black
- School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
- The Cell to Society Laboratory, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
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Fang L, Yuen M, Zhang J, Ho EYF, Chan S, Wu F, Xie N. A network analysis of positive developmental assets of Hong Kong school-age children during the Covid-19 pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36718391 PMCID: PMC9876758 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID19 pandemic is having detrimental effects on the mental and emotional well-being of many adults and children. It is relevant therefore to explore the combination of personal strengths and attributes that can help an individual develop resilience to such stress. Little is known about how psychological strength assets such as social connectedness, grit, hope, life meaning, and life satisfaction are inter-related, and if certain factors play a central role. This study involved a sample of 1,405 school-aged children in Hong Kong (50% female) from seven schools that participated in an online survey of psychological strengths. Data were analyzed by constructing a psychological network that found strength factors are inter-connected, and that 'school connectedness' and 'agency thinking' are central to the network. The information gained can be of value in any schools that are planning to provide strength-based interventions to help students maintain their psychological well-being during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lue Fang
- Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Advancement in Inclusive and Special Education, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mantak Yuen
- Laboratory and Program for Creativity and Talent Development, Centre for Advancement in Inclusive and Special Education, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiahong Zhang
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Centre, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Esther Yuk-Fan Ho
- Hong Kong Association of Career Masters and Guidance Masters, Hong Kong, China
| | - Serene Chan
- Laboratory and Program for Creativity and Talent Development, Centre for Advancement in Inclusive and Special Education, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Florence Wu
- Centre for Advancement in Inclusive and Special Education, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nan Xie
- Department of Psychology, James Cook University, Singapore, Singapore
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Sattler DN, Bishkhorloo B, Lawley KA, Hackler R, Byambajav C, Munkhbat M, Smith-Galeno B. Stigma, Post-traumatic Stress, and COVID-19 Vaccination Intent in Mongolia, India, and the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2084. [PMID: 36767449 PMCID: PMC9915119 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: Stigma and discrimination during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic have increased precipitously worldwide. This multinational study examines how stigma, blaming groups for virus spread, concern regarding contracting the virus, resource loss, life satisfaction, and protective behaviors that help control the spread of COVID-19 are associated with post-traumatic stress and vaccine intent in Mongolia, India, and the United States. Method: 1429 people in Mongolia, India, and the United States completed measures assessing stigma during the COVID-19 pandemic, post-traumatic stress, blame, protective behaviors, and vaccine intent. Results: Mean post-traumatic stress scores in all three countries exceeded the cut-off that is commonly used to determine probable post-traumatic stress. Post-traumatic stress was associated with COVID-19 stigma experience, personal behavior change due to COVID-19 stigma, blaming groups for the spread of COVID-19, fear of COVID-19, and resource loss. In India and the United States, personal behavior change due to COVID-19 stigma, anger at individuals spreading COVID-19, and perceived susceptibility to illness were positively associated with vaccine intent. Conclusions: Stigma is a collateral stressor during the pandemic. The findings underscore the importance of prompt action to address stigma as a deleterious consequence of the pandemic. The findings illuminate potential barriers to receiving the vaccine and provide direction for future research to address barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N. Sattler
- Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225-9172, USA
| | - Boldsuren Bishkhorloo
- Department of Education and Psychology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14200, Mongolia
| | - Kendall A. Lawley
- Global Center for Integrated Health of Women, Adolescents, and Children, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ruth Hackler
- Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225-9172, USA
| | - Chuluunbileg Byambajav
- Department of Education and Psychology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14200, Mongolia
| | - Michidmaa Munkhbat
- Department of Education and Psychology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14200, Mongolia
| | - Brooklyn Smith-Galeno
- Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225-9172, USA
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Matos M, McEwan K, Kanovský M, Halamová J, Steindl SR, Ferreira N, Linharelhos M, Rijo D, Asano K, Vilas SP, Márquez MG, Gregório S, Brito-Pons G, Lucena-Santos P, da Silva Oliveira M, de Souza EL, Llobenes L, Gumiy N, Costa MI, Habib N, Hakem R, Khrad H, Alzahrani A, Cheli S, Petrocchi N, Tholouli E, Issari P, Simos G, Lunding-Gregersen V, Elklit A, Kolts R, Kelly AC, Bortolon C, Delamillieure P, Paucsik M, Wahl JE, Zieba M, Zatorski M, Komendziński T, Zhang S, Basran J, Kagialis A, Kirby J, Gilbert P. Improvements in Compassion and Fears of Compassion throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multinational Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1845. [PMID: 36767212 PMCID: PMC9915071 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
During large-scale disasters, social support, caring behaviours, and compassion are shown to protect against poor mental health outcomes. This multi-national study aimed to assess the fluctuations in compassion over time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Respondents (Time 1 n = 4156, Time 2 n = 980, Time 3 n = 825) from 23 countries completed online self-report questionnaires measuring the flows of compassion (i.e., Compassionate Engagement and Action Scales) and fears of compassion toward self and others and from others (i.e., Fears of Compassion Scales) and mental health at three time-points during a 10-month period. The results for the flows of compassion showed that self-compassion increased at Time 3. Compassion for others increased at Time 2 and 3 for the general population, but in contrast, it decreased in health professionals, possibly linked to burnout. Compassion from others did not change in Time 2, but it did increase significantly in Time 3. For fears of compassion, fears of self-compassion reduced over time, fears of compassion for others showed more variation, reducing for the general public but increasing for health professionals, whilst fears of compassion from others did not change over time. Health professionals, those with compassion training, older adults, and women showed greater flows of compassion and lower fears of compassion compared with the general population, those without compassion training, younger adults, and men. These findings highlight that, in a period of shared suffering, people from multiple countries and nationalities show a cumulative improvement in compassion and reduction in fears of compassion, suggesting that, when there is intense suffering, people become more compassionate to self and others and less afraid of, and resistant to, compassion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Matos
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Kirsten McEwan
- Centre for Compassion Research and Training, College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1G, UK
| | - Martin Kanovský
- Institute of Social Anthropology, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University, 814 99 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Júlia Halamová
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University, 814 99 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanley R. Steindl
- Compassionate Mind Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Nuno Ferreira
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
| | - Mariana Linharelhos
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniel Rijo
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Kenichi Asano
- Department of Psychological Counseling, Faculty of Psychology, Mejiro University, Tokyo 161-0032, Japan
| | - Sara P. Vilas
- Behavior, Emotions, and Health Research Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita G. Márquez
- Behavior, Emotions, and Health Research Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sónia Gregório
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Behavior, Emotions, and Health Research Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Brito-Pons
- Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Paola Lucena-Santos
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Margareth da Silva Oliveira
- Evaluation and Treatment in Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies—Research Group (GAAPCC), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Natali Gumiy
- Motivación Compasiva, Buenos Aires C1001, Argentina
| | | | - Noor Habib
- Neuroscience Department, Section of Psychiatry and Psychology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Jeddah 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham Hakem
- Neuroscience Department, Section of Psychiatry and Psychology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Jeddah 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Khrad
- Neuroscience Department, Section of Psychiatry and Psychology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Jeddah 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alzahrani
- Neuroscience Department, Section of Psychiatry and Psychology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Jeddah 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simone Cheli
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Petrocchi
- Department of Economics and Social Sciences, John Cabot University, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Elli Tholouli
- Center for Qualitative Research in Psychology and Psychosocial Well-Being, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Philia Issari
- Center for Qualitative Research in Psychology and Psychosocial Well-Being, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Gregoris Simos
- Department of Educational and Social Policy, University of Macedonia, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Ask Elklit
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Russell Kolts
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA 99004, USA
| | - Allison C. Kelly
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Catherine Bortolon
- Laboratoire Inter-Universitaire de Psychologie: Personnalité, Cognition et Changement Social, Grenoble Alpes University, 38400 Grenoble, France
- Centre Hospitalier Alpes Isère, C3R—Réhabilitation Psychosociale et Remédiation Cognitive, 38100 Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Delamillieure
- CHU de Caen, Service de Psychiatrie Adulte, 14000 Caen, France
- UNICAEN, ISTS, GIP Cyceron, University of Normandy, 76000 Caen, France
| | - Marine Paucsik
- Laboratoire Inter-Universitaire de Psychologie: Personnalité, Cognition et Changement Social, Grenoble Alpes University, 38400 Grenoble, France
| | - Julia E. Wahl
- The Mind Institute Poland, 33-332 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Psychology, Department of General Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 03-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Zieba
- Institute of Psychology, Department of General Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 03-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Zatorski
- Institute of Psychology, Department of General Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 03-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Komendziński
- Department of Cognitive Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torún, Poland
- Neurocognitive Laboratory, Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torún, Poland
| | - Shuge Zhang
- School of Human Sciences, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1G, UK
| | - Jaskaran Basran
- Centre for Compassion Research and Training, College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1G, UK
| | - Antonios Kagialis
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
| | - James Kirby
- Compassionate Mind Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Paul Gilbert
- Centre for Compassion Research and Training, College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1G, UK
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Buodo G, Moretta T, Santucci VG, Chen S, Potenza MN. Using Social Media for Social Motives Moderates the Relationship between Post-Traumatic Symptoms during a COVID-19-Related Lockdown and Improvement of Distress after Lockdown. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13010053. [PMID: 36661625 PMCID: PMC9855109 DOI: 10.3390/bs13010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research reported inconsistent results on the relationship between social media (SM) use and psychological well-being, suggesting the importance of assessing possible moderators, e.g., motives for SM use. However, no longitudinal study has yet investigated whether, among people who use SM, specific motives for using SM may represent protective/risk factors for the development of psychological distress, especially after a stressful event. Our longitudinal study aimed at assessing the moderating role of motives for using SM (i.e., coping, conformity, enhancement, social motives) in the relationship between COVID-19 pandemic-related post-traumatic stress symptoms during the lockdown and changes in general distress after lockdown. At Time 1 (during the first lockdown in Italy), 660 participants responded to an online survey, reporting their post-traumatic symptoms, motives for using SM, and general distress (i.e., anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms). At Time 2 (three months later, following lockdown), 117 participants volunteered to continue with the follow-up survey assessing general distress symptoms again. Results showed that among those who had experienced more severe post-traumatic symptoms at Time 1, using SM for social motives was associated with more improvement of general distress symptoms. No evidence was found of moderating effects of other motives for SM use. The findings suggest that social connections may have helped to cope with stress during forced confinement, and that SM use may be beneficial for mental health when motivated by maintaining social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Buodo
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8277476
| | - Tania Moretta
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Vieri Giuliano Santucci
- Institute of Cognitive Science and Technologies (ISTC), National Research Council (CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Shubao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT 06109, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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14
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Gaughan AA, Rush LJ, MacEwan SR, Panchal AR, McAlearney AS. Perspectives of Volunteer Firefighters during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Stumbling Blocks and Silver Linings. CHALLENGES 2022; 13:46. [PMID: 36213181 PMCID: PMC9540602 DOI: 10.3390/challe13020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the lives of almost every individual in every nation, with numbers of infections continuing to grow. Across these nations, first responders are essential in their roles addressing emergencies, despite their risk of exposure to COVID-19 in the course of their work. We sought to understand the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of volunteer firefighters in the United States, an understudied group of these first responders. Interviews were conducted with volunteer firefighters between September and November 2021. Interviews were analyzed using deductive dominant thematic analysis. Thirty-three firefighters were interviewed who had an average of 22 years of service and a mean age of 52 years. Interviewees described pandemic-related challenges including the fear of COVID exposure and frustrations with work and personal relationships. They also identified unexpected work-related benefits including a deepened commitment to serve and improvements to training and safety. Further, some volunteers noted personal benefits such as developing stronger connections with others, having a new outlook on life, and observing goodwill. Our findings provide insight into the multifaceted and complex impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volunteer firefighters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice A. Gaughan
- The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking (CATALYST), College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Laura J. Rush
- The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking (CATALYST), College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sarah R. MacEwan
- The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking (CATALYST), College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ashish R. Panchal
- The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking (CATALYST), College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ann Scheck McAlearney
- The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking (CATALYST), College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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15
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Bodini L, Bonetto C, Cheli S, Del Piccolo L, Rimondini M, Rossi A, Carta A, Porru S, Amaddeo F, Lasalvia A. Effectiveness of a Mindful Compassion Care Program in reducing burnout and psychological distress amongst frontline hospital nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2022; 23:734. [PMID: 36056401 PMCID: PMC9438332 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that nurses have been more affected by the COVID-19 pandemic than any other group of hospital workers in terms of anxiety, depression, and burnout. Several clinical studies had previously demonstrated the effectiveness of mindfulness and compassion interventions in reducing burnout and emotional distress amongst healthcare professionals. Methods and analysis A parallel-group randomized controlled trial will assess the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a mindfulness and compassion-focused programme on frontline nurses who had been working during the COVID-19 pandemic. Seventy-two participants will be recruited from Verona University Hospital Trust (Veneto Region, north-east Italy) and will be divided equally into an intervention group and a control group. Primary outcome will be assessed using the Emotional Exhaustion subscale of the Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey (MBI-GS). Secondary outcomes will be measured by the Cynicism and Professional Efficacy subscales of the MBI-GS, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Impact of Stressful Events (IES-R), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and the Forms of Self-Criticising/attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS). Discussion The study aims to fill a gap in the literature and present a scientifically validated intervention for those healthcare professionals most exposed to the stressful conditions of working during the COVID-19 pandemic. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov; Identifier: NCT05308537
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bodini
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi, " P.le Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonetto
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi, " P.le Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Simone Cheli
- Center for Psychology and Health, Tages Charity, Florence, Italy.,School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lidia Del Piccolo
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy and USD Psicologia Clinica BR, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michela Rimondini
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy and USD Psicologia Clinica BR, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Rossi
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi, " P.le Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.,Department of Mental Health, ULSS9 Scaligera, Verona, Italy
| | - Angela Carta
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona and UOC Medicina del Lavoro, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Porru
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona and UOC Medicina del Lavoro, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Amaddeo
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi, " P.le Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.,UOC Psicosomatica e Psicologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Lasalvia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi, " P.le Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy. .,UOC Psichiatria, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) di Verona, Verona, Italy.
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16
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Perez-Brumer A, Balasa R, Doshi A, Brogdon J, Doan T, Oldenburg CE. COVID-19 Related Shifts in Social Interaction, Connection, and Cohesion Impact Psychosocial Health: Longitudinal Qualitative Findings from COVID-19 Treatment Trial Engaged Participants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10264. [PMID: 36011898 PMCID: PMC9407900 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While effective for slowing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, public health measures, such as physical distancing and stay-at-home orders, have significantly shifted the way people interact and maintain social connections. To better understand how people sought social and psychological support amid the pandemic, we conducted a longitudinal qualitative evaluation of participants enrolled in a COVID-19 treatment trial (N = 30). All participants from the parent trial who consented to being contacted for future research studies were recruited electronically via email, and first-round virtual interviews were conducted between December 2020 and March 2021. Participants who participated in first-round interviews were contacted again, and follow-up interviews were conducted in January-February 2022. The results reported significant shifts in how participants connected to social support, including changes from physical to virtual modalities, and using different social networks for distinct purposes (i.e., Reddit/Facebook for information, WhatsApp for community connection). While having COVID-19, profound loneliness during isolation was described; yet, to mitigate effects, virtual support (i.e., emotional, knowledge-seeking) as well as in-person material support (e.g., groceries, snow-shoveling), were key. Public health efforts are needed to develop interventions that will improve the narratives about mental health challenges related to COVID-19 isolation, and to provide opportunities to share challenges in a supportive manner among social networks. Supporting social cohesion, despite the everchanging nature of COVID-19, will necessitate innovative multimodal strategies that learn from lived experiences across various stages of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Perez-Brumer
- Dalla School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Rebecca Balasa
- Dalla School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada
| | - Aarti Doshi
- Dalla School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Jessica Brogdon
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Thuy Doan
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Catherine E. Oldenburg
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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17
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Collazo-Castiñeira P, Rodríguez-Rey R, Garrido-Hernansaiz H, Collado S. Prediction of post-traumatic growth in the face of the COVID-19 crisis based on resilience, post-traumatic stress and social participation: A longitudinal study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:985879. [PMID: 36059760 PMCID: PMC9430662 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.985879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 crisis has generated a severe and negative psychological impact worldwide. Despite this, it is also possible to experience post-traumatic growth (PTG). This study aimed to longitudinally explore the prevalence of PTG in the Spanish population and test a predictive model for PTG from resilience, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and participation in social activities. Data were collected longitudinally in March, July, and November 2020 via an online survey. About 20% of the sample showed moderate-high levels of PTG, with no significant differences over time. The predictive model explained 19% of the variance in PTG, showing that the inverse relation between resilience and PTG was mediated by PTSS. Additionally, participation in social activities acted as a predictor of PTG. Women, young people, those who had lost their job and people who had experienced COVID-19 symptoms or the loss of a loved one presented higher PTG. Thus, people have experienced positive changes (PTG), but these did not protect them from adverse symptomatology (PTSS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Collazo-Castiñeira
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Rodríguez-Rey
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Garrido-Hernansaiz
- Department of Education and Psychology, Centro Universitario Cardenal Cisneros, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Silvia Collado
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
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18
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Pfeiffer S, Peixoto Pereira N, Saraiva de Macedo Lisboa C. Fears of Compassion Scales: Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validity Evidence for Use in Brazil. TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9360723 DOI: 10.1007/s43076-022-00220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Determinants of Pain-Induced Disability in German Women with Endometriosis during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148277. [PMID: 35886130 PMCID: PMC9320034 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The main aim of this research was to examine the factors leading to pain-induced disability by assessing the impact of demographic, endometriosis-specific, pandemic-specific, and mental health factors. (2) Methods: Women with endometriosis who attended online support groups were invited to respond to an online survey during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. The Pain Disability Index (PDI) was employed to assess disability-related daily functioning. Independent predictors of pain-induced disability were determined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. (3) Results: The mean PDI score of the study population was 31.61 (SD = 15.82), which was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than that reported in a previously published normative study of the German population. In the present study, a high level of pain-induced disability, as defined by scores equal to or higher than the median of the study population, older age (OR 1.063, 95% CI 1.010−1.120, p = 0.020), dysmenorrhea (OR 1.015, 95% CI 1.005−1.026, p = 0.005), dysuria (OR 1.014; 95% CI 1.001−1.027, p = 0.029), lower back pain (OR 1.018, 95% CI 1.007−1.029, p = 0.001), and impaired mental health (OR 1.271, 95% CI 1.134−1.425, p < 0.001) were found to be independent risk factors. Pandemic-specific factors did not significantly influence the pain-induced disability of the participants in this study. (4) Conclusions: The level of pain-induced disability was significantly higher among the women with endometriosis than among women in the normative German validation study. Our findings identified risk factors for experiencing a high level of pain-induced disability, such as demographic and specific pain characteristics. Pandemic-specific factors did not significantly and independently influence the pain-induced disability during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Impaired mental health negatively influenced functioning during daily activities. Thus, women with endometriosis should be managed by a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals to prevent negative effects of pain-induced disability on their quality of life.
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20
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Schwab R, Stewen K, Kottmann T, Anic K, Schmidt MW, Elger T, Theis S, Kalb SR, Brenner W, Hasenburg A. Mental Health and Social Support Are Key Predictors of Resilience in German Women with Endometriosis during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133684. [PMID: 35806968 PMCID: PMC9267240 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Endometriosis is a multifaceted chronic pain disorder that can have an impact on both physical and mental health. Women suffering from chronic pain may be more susceptible to various health disorders, especially during adversity, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous research has identified resilience as a mediator between internal or external stressors and well-being. Methods: An online survey was conducted during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany through patient support groups of women with endometriosis. The Brief Resilience Score (BRS) was employed to evaluate resilience, while the PHQ-4 questionnaire was used to assess self-reported mental health. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to determine resilience’s independent risk and protective parameters. Results: High educational level was found to be an independent supportive moderator of high resilience in women with a resilience score greater than the study population’s median (BRS > 2.66; OR 2.715; 95% CI 1.472−5.007; p = 0.001) but not in women in the highest resilience score quartile (BRS > 3.33). A decrease in perceived social support was detected to be the most powerful independent risk factor for low resilience: OR 0.541, 95% CI 0.307−0.952, p = 0.033 for predicting BRS > 2.66, and OR 0.397, 95% CI 0.189−0.832, p = 0.014 for predicting scores > 3.33 on the BRS scale. A high burden of mental health symptoms, as measured by the PHQ-4 scale, was negatively associated with resilience. Conclusions: Satisfying social support and good mental health were shown to be key resources for resilience. The results of this study may assist in the identification of women at risk for low resilience and the development of resilience-building strategies in patients with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Schwab
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.S.); (K.A.); (M.W.S.); (T.E.); (S.T.); (S.R.K.); (W.B.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-17-0
| | - Kathrin Stewen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.S.); (K.A.); (M.W.S.); (T.E.); (S.T.); (S.R.K.); (W.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Tanja Kottmann
- CRO Dr. med. Kottmann GmbH & Co. KG, 59077 Hamm, Germany;
| | - Katharina Anic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.S.); (K.A.); (M.W.S.); (T.E.); (S.T.); (S.R.K.); (W.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Mona W. Schmidt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.S.); (K.A.); (M.W.S.); (T.E.); (S.T.); (S.R.K.); (W.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Tania Elger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.S.); (K.A.); (M.W.S.); (T.E.); (S.T.); (S.R.K.); (W.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Susanne Theis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.S.); (K.A.); (M.W.S.); (T.E.); (S.T.); (S.R.K.); (W.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Stefanie R. Kalb
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.S.); (K.A.); (M.W.S.); (T.E.); (S.T.); (S.R.K.); (W.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Walburgis Brenner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.S.); (K.A.); (M.W.S.); (T.E.); (S.T.); (S.R.K.); (W.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Annette Hasenburg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.S.); (K.A.); (M.W.S.); (T.E.); (S.T.); (S.R.K.); (W.B.); (A.H.)
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Slavich GM. Social Safety Theory: Understanding social stress, disease risk, resilience, and behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 45:101299. [PMID: 35219156 PMCID: PMC8769662 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many of life's most impactful experiences involve either social safety (e.g., acceptance, affiliation, belonging, inclusion) or social threat (e.g., conflict, isolation, rejection, exclusion). According to Social Safety Theory, these experiences greatly impact human health and behavior because a fundamental goal of the brain and immune system is to keep the body biologically safe. To achieve this crucial goal, social threats likely gained the ability to activate anticipatory neural-immune responses that would have historically benefited reproduction and survival; the presence of social safety, in turn, likely dampened these responses. Viewing positive and negative social experiences through this lens affords a biologically based evolutionary account for why certain stressors are particularly impactful. It also provides an integrated, multi-level framework for investigating the biopsychosocial roots of psychopathology, health disparities, aging, longevity, and interpersonal cognition and behavior. Ultimately, this work has the potential to inform new strategies for reducing disease risk and promoting resilience.
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22
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Dursun A, Kaplan Y, Altunbaş T, Bahtiyar M. The Mediating Effect of Experiential Avoidance on the relationship between psychological resilience and psychological needs in the COVID-19 pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35607644 PMCID: PMC9117081 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic that has impinged upon the world affects individuals not only physically but also psychologically. Considering the effects of the pandemic that can be called a challenging life event, the concept of psychological resilience comes to mind. In this study, the effect of multidimensional avoidance on the relationship between psychological resilience and psychological need satisfaction-frustration of adults is discussed through structural equation modeling. The study data were collected online from 506 adults who participated voluntarily from 7 different geographical regions of Turkey. The study findings were obtained by using correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and path analysis. As a result of the study, it is seen that all the variables of multidimensional avoidance except distraction/suppression and frustration directly affect psychological resilience in satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs. In addition, it shows that psychological resilience has a significant effect on satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs, both directly and indirectly through multidimensional avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiye Dursun
- Department of Guidance and Counselling Psychology, Ministry of Education, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Yılmaz Kaplan
- Department of Psychology, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Altunbaş
- Department of Guidance and Counselling Psychology, Ministry of Education, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Bahtiyar
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
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