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Alruwaili A, King JA, Deighton K, Kelly BM, Liao Z, Innes A, Henson J, Yates T, Johnson W, Thivel D, Metz L, Thackray AE, Tolfrey K, Stensel DJ, Willis SA. The association of smoking with different eating and dietary behaviours: A cross-sectional analysis of 80 296 United Kingdom adults. Addiction 2024. [PMID: 38884138 DOI: 10.1111/add.16584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Smokers typically have a lower body mass index (BMI) than non-smokers, while smoking cessation is associated with weight gain. In pre-clinical research, nicotine in tobacco smoking suppresses appetite and influences subsequent eating behaviour; however, this relationship is unclear in humans. This study measured the associations of smoking with different eating and dietary behaviours. DESIGN A cross-sectional analysis of data from health assessments conducted between 2004 and 2022. SETTING An independent healthcare-based charity within the United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS A total of 80 296 men and women (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: age, 43.0 ± 10.4 years; BMI, 25.7 ± 4.2 kg/m2; 62.5% male) stratified into two groups based on their status as a smoker (n = 6042; 7.5%) or non-smoker (n = 74 254; 92.5%). MEASUREMENTS Smoking status (self-report) was the main exposure, while the primary outcomes were selected eating and dietary behaviours. Age, sex and socioeconomic status (index of multiple deprivation [IMD]) were included as covariates and interaction terms, while moderate-to-vigorous exercise and sleep quality were included as covariates only. FINDINGS Smokers had lower odds of snacking between meals and eating food as a reward or out of boredom versus non-smokers (all odds ratio [OR] ≤ 0.82; P < 0.001). Furthermore, smokers had higher odds of skipping meals, going more than 3 h without food, adding salt and sugar to their food, overeating and finding it hard to leave something on their plate versus non-smokers (all OR ≥ 1.06; P ≤ 0.030). Additionally, compared with non-smokers, smoking was associated with eating fried food more times per week (rate ratio [RR] = 1.08; P < 0.001), eating fewer meals per day, eating sweet foods between meals and eating dessert on fewer days per week (all RR ≤ 0.93; P < 0.001). Several of these relationships were modified by age, sex and IMD. CONCLUSIONS Smoking appears to be associated with eating and dietary behaviours consistent with inhibited food intake, low diet quality and altered food preference. Several of these relationships are moderated by age, sex and socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Alruwaili
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - James A King
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Deighton
- Nuffield Health Research Group, Nuffield Health, Epsom, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin M Kelly
- Nuffield Health Research Group, Nuffield Health, Epsom, Surrey, United Kingdom
- Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Zhining Liao
- Nuffield Health Research Group, Nuffield Health, Epsom, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Aidan Innes
- Nuffield Health Research Group, Nuffield Health, Epsom, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Henson
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Yates
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - William Johnson
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - David Thivel
- Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- International Research Chair Health in Motion, Clermont Auvergne University Foundation, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lore Metz
- Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- International Research Chair Health in Motion, Clermont Auvergne University Foundation, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alice E Thackray
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Tolfrey
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - David J Stensel
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Japan
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Scott A Willis
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Coutinho SE, Lima de Braga RS, Santos AK, Velho JS, Rossato Silva D. Smoking cessation among tuberculosis patients during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2024. [PMID: 38656469 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2024.2970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Smoking has been recognized as a significant risk factor for COVID-19 and mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended smoking cessation to reduce the impact of COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the smoking cessation rate of patients starting tuberculosis (TB) treatment at six months using motivational interviewing based on the WHO "five steps to quit" model. In addition, we assessed the knowledge about smoking and the barriers to smoking cessation. We conducted a retrospective cohort study. Outpatients aged >18 years, smokers, and those who are starting TB treatment in two outpatient TB clinics were invited to participate. Patients received information about the importance of smoking cessation, especially in TB patients, and standardized advice based on guidelines. This information was repeated during phone calls during the second and fourth months of treatment. During the study period, 111 patients were included. The primary outcome was the smoking cessation rate at the end of the sixth month of treatment, which was 26.8% (19/71). The barriers to smoking cessation described by the patients were anxiety/depression (47.4%), seeing someone smoking (38.5%), drug use (19.2%), and alcohol abuse (2.6%). The assessment of knowledge about smoking showed that patients had some information gaps. In conclusion, TB smokers who tried to quit smoking during the COVID-19 pandemic faced many challenges. Despite this, we demonstrated a reasonable smoking cessation rate with a nurse-conducted motivational interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Eugênia Coutinho
- Postgraduate Program in Pulmonary Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre.
| | | | - André Külzer Santos
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre.
| | - Joanna Scopel Velho
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre.
| | - Denise Rossato Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pulmonary Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre; Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre; Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre.
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Aweau K, Erari S, Im S, Murphy K, Pokhrel P, Herzog TA. What Motivates Betel Quid Chewers to Quit? An Analysis of Several Cessation-Relevant Variables. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:1095-1101. [PMID: 38403997 PMCID: PMC11014757 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2320388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Betel quid (BQ) is globally the fourth most consumed psychoactive substance. It is consumed by an estimated 600 million people worldwide, accounting for nearly 8% of the world's population. There have been very few studies assessing chewers' motivation to quit. Objectives: In the current study, we sought to understand the relationship between several cessation-relevant variables and chewers' motivation to quit. Hypotheses: Based on analogous research on cigarette smoking, we hypothesized that the following cessation-relevant variables would be associated with motivation to quit: health risk perceptions, number of chews per day, cost, degree of BQ dependence, withdrawal symptoms, number of quit attempts, reasons for use, personal health improvement, and type of BQ chewed. Methods: A total of 351 adult BQ chewers from Guam participated in the survey and served as the sample for the analyses. Results: Majority of chewers want to quit and intend to quit. Chewers relatively high in motivation to quit evinced greater health risk perceptions of BQ chewing, greater perceived health benefits to quitting, and a greater number of past quit attempts, compared to those relatively low in motivation to quit. Conclusions: Understanding which factors are associated with chewers' motivation to quit can be helpful for designing BQ cessation programs. The results suggest that BQ cessation programs could be improved by an increased emphasis on information about the negative health effects of BQ chewing and relapse-prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvera Erari
- Office of Public Health Study, Thompson School of Social Work & Public Health, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Soksamphoas Im
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Kelle Murphy
- Center on Disability Studies, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Pallav Pokhrel
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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Kegler M, Owolabi S, Reilly K, Pouncy J, Kaufmann J, Marra A, Haardörfer R, Berg C. A qualitative study on the influence of COVID-19 on smoking behaviors through changing social and physical contexts. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2023; 38:445-457. [PMID: 37489701 PMCID: PMC11007391 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Globally, COVID-19 has been a major societal stressor and disrupted social and physical environments for many. Elucidating mechanisms through which societal disruptions influence smoking behavior has implications for future tobacco control efforts. Qualitative interviews were conducted among 38 adults who smoked combustible cigarettes in 2020 and 2021. The majority were women (75.7%), identified as Black (56.8%), were employed (61.3%), had a smoke-free home (66.7%) and lived in a small metro or rural (79.0%) county, primarily in rural southwest Georgia. Participants reported more time at home, increased isolation and less socializing, changed work and financial situations and altered household and family contexts. The vast majority of participants smoked more at some point during the pandemic with about half of these continuing to smoke more at the time of the interview. More time at home, multiple sources of stress and boredom were the main reasons for increased smoking. Decreases in smoking were attributed to financial strain, smoke-free home rules and nonsmoking family members, concerns about COVID-19 and less socializing with friends who smoke. Future tobacco control efforts during societal stressors such as pandemics should take into account specific psychosocial and environmental influences in attempts to minimize negative changes to smoking patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kegler
- Emory Prevention Research Center, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - S Owolabi
- Emory Prevention Research Center, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - K Reilly
- Emory Prevention Research Center, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - J Pouncy
- Emory Prevention Research Center, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - J Kaufmann
- Emory Prevention Research Center, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - A Marra
- Emory Prevention Research Center, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - R Haardörfer
- Emory Prevention Research Center, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - C Berg
- Department of Prevention & Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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Dudok R, Piko BF. Multi-Level Protective Factors of Adolescent Smoking and Drinking. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:932-947. [PMID: 37366775 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13060071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is the most critical life stage for experimentation with substance use; however, this is also the most suitable period for strengthening protective factors and thus promoting adult physical and mental health. Since smoking and drinking still appear among the most frequent types of substance abuse in Europe, this study aims to examine the role of potential protective factors at multiple levels for adolescent smoking and drinking: psychological factors at the individual level, aspects of school attachment at the school level, social support variables at the social level, and measures of quality of life at the level of mental health. This cross-sectional survey involved a sample of adolescents (aged 11-18 years, N = 276) in Budapest and villages in its metropolitan area (Hungary). In addition to descriptive statistics, logistic regression analyses were used to detect odds for potential protective factors. There were no sex differences in adolescents' substance use. Self-control seems to be a universal and most determining protective factor against substance use, while other potential protective factors (self-esteem, resilience, social support from family or significant others, school attachment, and mental well-being) may also contribute to prevention. However, age and friend support acted as risk factors. Findings suggest that a complex approach to prevention should receive consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Dudok
- Doctoral School of Education, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bettina F Piko
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Szeged, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
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Ekobol N, Boonjaraspinyo S, Artchayasawat A, Boonmars T. Monks: A Population at Risk for Liver Fluke and Skin-Penetrating Helminths. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8030135. [PMID: 36977136 PMCID: PMC10059027 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8030135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Monks cannot cook received raw meat dishes and should walk barefoot while working. This population lacks both a survey of parasitic infection and a proper prevention and control policy. Five hundred and fourteen monks from the Ubolratana, Ban Haet, and Ban Phai Districts of Kh on Kaen Province were enrolled in this study. A stool container and questionnaire were collected from each study participant. Stool samples were processed by formalin ethyl acetate concentration and agar plate culture techniques. We then analyzed the results and risk factors to demonstrate associations. The prevalence of overall parasites, liver flukes, and skin-penetrating helminths were 28.8%, 11.1%, and 19.3%, respectively. Raw fish dish offerings were associated with opisthorchiasis (ORcrude 3.32; 95% CI 1.53–7.20). The risk factors for skin-penetrating helminths were older age (ORcrude 5.02; 95% CI 2.2–11.17), being a long-term ordinate (ORcrude 3.28; 95% CI 1.15–9.34), smoking (ORcrude 2.03; 95% CI 1.23–3.36), and chronic kidney disease with other underlying disease (ORcrude 20.7; 95% CI 2.54–190.1). The protective factors for skin-penetrating helminths were secular education above primary education (ORcrude 0.41; 95% CI 0.25–0.65) and having received health education about parasitic infection (ORcrude 0.47; 95% CI 0.28–0.80). Wearing shoes at times other than alms work does not show a protective effect against skin-penetrating helminths (ORcrude 0.86; 95% CI 0.51–1.46). These findings support the recommendation for a strict Rule of Discipline regarding raw meat ingestion and allowing shoes to be worn for protection against skin-penetrating helminths in high-risk situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttapon Ekobol
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sirintip Boonjaraspinyo
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Community Medicine, Family Medicine and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Atchara Artchayasawat
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thidarut Boonmars
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-43-363-434
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Mahmood N, Goldstein S, Thiele A, Trotchie M, des Bordes J. Smoking and Depression Risk Reduction in a Primary Care Setting. J Prim Care Community Health 2023; 14:21501319231213748. [PMID: 38041400 PMCID: PMC10693795 DOI: 10.1177/21501319231213748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking is associated with many diseases and is a target for primary preventive efforts in numerous morbidities. Studies show that smoking and depression may be associated. Never-smokers are at significantly lower risk than current and former smokers. Despite this observation, the effect of smoking on depression risk reduction has not been adequately explored. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of smoking on depression risk reduction in adult patients seen in a primary care clinic at an academic medical center 6 months after they were identified as being at risk for depression. Findings may influence the direction and intensity of our smoking cessation endeavors in patients at risk of depression who smoke. METHODS We conducted an analytic cross-sectional study using electronic medical records of patients 18 years and older seen a primary care setting between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020. All participants included had an initial depression risk score (assessed by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)) of 5 or higher, information on smoking status and a PHQ-9 score at 6 months. We determined the percentage of patients with PHQ-9 score decrease of 5 or more at 6 months and used logistic regression to determine the association depression risk reduction (of 5 units or more) at 6 months and smoking, adjusting for demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics. RESULTS Number of patients included were 120, mean age was 55 (16), years, 88 (74%) were female, 68 (57%) were African American, and 31 (26%) were Caucasian. Fifty (44%) had a history of smoking and 31 (25.8%) had improvement (ie, a decrease of 5 units or more) in their PHQ-9 score at 6 months. Smoking was associated with decreased odds of improvement in depressive symptoms (Odds ratio = 0.32, 95% Confidence interval: 0.12-0.87). CONCLUSION Risk of depression was more likely to persist in smokers than non-smokers at 6 months. Addressing smoking behavior in those with risk of depression may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Mahmood
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shira Goldstein
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alan Thiele
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark Trotchie
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jude des Bordes
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Finck JM, Bohnet S, Auth K, Tangemann-Münstedt I, Drömann D, Franzen KF. Smoking Behavior and Smoking Cessation Because of and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Brief Online Survey 12 Months into the Pandemic and during the Second Wave in Europe. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16540. [PMID: 36554420 PMCID: PMC9779274 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is considered a major preventable cause of cardiovascular and lung diseases, as well as cancer. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was extensive discussion about the influence of nicotine use; ultimately, smoking was considered a major risk factor for poor disease progression. Therefore, in April 2021, we conducted an anonymous cross-sectional online survey on smoking and vaping behavior, as well as smoking cessation, in four different countries in Europe (the United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, and Italy). A total of 3605 participants completed a questionnaire on their smoking and vaping behaviors and smoking cessation because of and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fear of COVID-19 infection, a high percentage of quarantine stays (44.9% Italy and 52.1% Spain), and high infection (75.5% Italy and 52.4% Spain) and death (42% Italy) rates in respondents' personal circles were observed mostly in the surveyed populations of Italy and Spain. Smoking cessation attempts and success were mainly seen in the Italian population and were linked to psychological distress, while the same effects were shown for vaping in Spain. In summary, health anxiety was detected in all cohorts. Despite these findings, smoking as a risk factor for severe outcomes of COVID-19 infection did not lead to a higher rate of smoking cessation attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jule M. Finck
- Medical Clinic III, Campus Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Sabine Bohnet
- Medical Clinic III, Campus Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Auth
- Medical Clinic III, Campus Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Imke Tangemann-Münstedt
- Medical Clinic III, Campus Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Drömann
- Medical Clinic III, Campus Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Klaas F. Franzen
- Medical Clinic III, Campus Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
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Li L, Borland R, Yong HH, Gravely S, Fong GT, Cummings KM, East K, Le Grande M. Experienced Effects on Well-Being following Smoking Cessation: Findings from the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10037. [PMID: 36011672 PMCID: PMC9408186 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There has been limited research addressing changes in subjective well-being as a result of quitting smoking. This paper examines recent ex-smokers' well-being related experiences overall and as a function of (1) duration of cessation and (2) continued nicotine use from vaping. METHODS A sample of 1379 ever-daily smoking ex-smokers (quit for up to 5 years) from the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey (Australia, Canada, the UK, and the US), of which 27.1% currently vaped daily. Well-being measures were perceived changes post-quitting in emotion coping (stress and negative emotions), enjoyment of life, and day-to-day functioning. We also assessed the level of persisting worry about past smoking leading to future health problems. RESULTS Overall, among those answering all four well-being measures, 51.8% of the ex-smokers reported positive effects and no negatives, but 27.3% reported at least one negative effect, with the remainder reporting no change in any measure. Positive effects were greater among those who had quit more than 1 year prior. The largest improvement (56.3%) was for daily functioning, which showed improvement over time since having quit. Current daily vapers reported similar well-being as those not vaping; however, fewer daily vapers reported worsening ability to cope with stress (10.2% vs. 20.7%). Overall, 84% reported being worried about future negative health effects of smoking, with no clear differences by quitting duration or vaping status. CONCLUSIONS Most ex-smokers reported changes in their well-being since quitting, with more reporting improvements than declines. Well-being improved with duration of time since quitting, but did not appear to be influenced by daily vaping use, but stress coping may be better among vapers. Persisting worries about possible future health effects from smoking may be reducing the experienced benefits of quitting smoking for some.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ron Borland
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Hua-Hie Yong
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Shannon Gravely
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Geoffrey T. Fong
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Kenneth Michael Cummings
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Katherine East
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 4 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8BB, UK
| | - Michael Le Grande
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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Mahabee-Gittens EM, Vidourek RA, King KA, Merianos AL. Home Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Neighborhood Support and Safety among U.S. School-aged Children. HEALTH BEHAVIOR RESEARCH 2022; 5:6. [PMID: 38107160 PMCID: PMC10722861 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Children who are socioeconomically disadvantaged face a myriad of environmental hardships in the neighborhoods in which they live. This study examined the associations between home tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) and neighborhood support, neighborhood safety, and school safety among U.S. school-aged children. Children ages 6-11 years were included in this secondary analysis of 2018-2019 National Survey of Children's Health data (N = 17,300). Children's home TSE status was categorized into three levels: (1) no TSE: Child did not live with a smoker; (2) Outside TSE only: Child lived with a smoker who did not smoke inside the home; and (3) Inside TSE: Child lived with a smoker who smoked inside the home. Parent-reported measures of perceived neighborhood support, and neighborhood and school safety were examined; covariates included the child's age, sex, and race/ethnicity; the parent's education; the family's household structure, and federal poverty level. Weighted logistic and ordinal regression models were built adjusting for the covariates. In total, 13.2% of children had outside TSE and 1.7% of children had inside TSE. Multivariable logistic regression model results indicated that children with outside TSE were at decreased odds (AOR = 0.79, 95%CI = 0.65-0.96) of living in a supportive neighborhood compared to children with no TSE. Ordinal regression model results indicated that children with outside TSE (AOR = 0.77, 95%CI = 0.61-0.97) and children with inside TSE were at decreased odds (AOR = 0.62, 95%CI = 0.39-0.99) of going to a school that was perceived as safe. Community-level programs, policies, and funding are needed to improve neighborhood characteristics among children with TSE to improve their future health outcomes.
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