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Mahmoudi S, Pourakbari B, Shahbabaie MA, Sotoudeh M, Jafari E, Hosseinpour Sadeghi R, Mamishi S. Post-discharge follow-up of pediatric COVID-19 patients: insights into serological dynamics. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1427327. [PMID: 39044945 PMCID: PMC11263187 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1427327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Limited data are available regarding SARS-CoV-2 serological response dynamics in pediatric patients with COVID-19, contributing to gaps in our understanding of the immune response in this population. This study aimed to investigate SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 during hospitalization and 2-4 weeks after discharge. Methods A cohort of patients, consisting of 31 individuals with confirmed acute COVID-19 infection and 27 diagnosed with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), was enrolled in the study. Follow-up clinic appointments were scheduled for 2-4 weeks post-discharge. During admission and follow-up, blood samples were collected from each patient for laboratory analysis. Anti-nucleoprotein SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were determined using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Results In this study, a cohort of 58 patients was examined. At admission, 52% (n = 14) of MIS-C patients and 10% (n = 3) of acute COVID-19 patients had positive SARS-CoV-2 IgG test. Only 48 cases were referred to the hospital, and follow-up data was available for 20 cases with MIS-C and 28 cases with acute COVID-19. All patients (n = 15) who initially tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG at admission remained positive serology during follow-up (100%). Among the 33 patients who initially tested negative, 12 (37.5%) showed a positive serology result during follow-up, while 21 (62.5%) remained negative. Within this subgroup, 11 cases (44%) were diagnosed with acute COVID-19, and one patient (12.5%) presented with MIS-C. Fourteen cases with acute COVID-19 infection (56%) and seven cases with MIS-C (87.5%) consistently showed negative serology results throughout the study. During follow-up, the median lymphocyte count demonstrated a significant difference, with 0.96 × 109 cells per L (IQR: 0.75-3.0 × 109 cells per L) in the SARS-CoV-2 IgG-negative group and 2.9 × 109 cells per L (IQR = 1.33-7.22 × 109 cells per L) in the SARS-CoV-2 IgG-positive group (p-value = 0.03). Patients who demonstrated seropositivity during the follow-up were associated with a notably severe disease (p-value = 0.028). Conclusion Our study highlights the dynamic nature of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses in pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection. We observed a notable increase in seropositivity rates during follow-up. Furthermore, patients who were seropositive at follow-up demonstrated a severe disease course and lower lymphocyte counts compared to those with persistently negative serology. Our findings underscore the importance of longitudinal serological monitoring in understanding disease progression and immune response dynamics in pediatric COVID-19 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Mahmoudi
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Pourakbari
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Shahbabaie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sotoudeh
- Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics Division, Pathology Department, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfaneh Jafari
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Setareh Mamishi
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics Division, Pathology Department, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abbas Q, Ali H, Amjad F, Hussain MZH, Rahman AR, Khan MH, Padhani ZA, Abbas F, Imam D, Alikhan Z, Belgaumi SM, Mohsin S, Sattar F, Siddiqui A, Lassi ZS, Das JK. Clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C): a systematic review. BMJ Paediatr Open 2024; 8:e002344. [PMID: 38844384 PMCID: PMC11163633 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2023-002344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge about multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is evolving, and evidence-based standardised diagnostic and management protocols are lacking. Our review aims to summarise the clinical and diagnostic features, management strategies and outcomes of MIS-C and evaluate the variances in disease parameters and outcomes between high-income countries (HIC) and middle-income countries (MIC). METHODS We searched four databases from December 2019 to March 2023. Observational studies with a sample size of 10 or more patients were included. Mean and prevalence ratios for various variables were pooled by random effects model using R. A mixed generalised linear model was employed to account for the heterogeneity, and publication bias was assessed via funnel and Doi plots. The primary outcome was pooled mean mortality among patients with MIS-C. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on the income status of the country of study. RESULTS A total of 120 studies (20 881 cases) were included in the review. The most common clinical presentations were fever (99%; 95% CI 99.6% to 100%), gastrointestinal symptoms (76.7%; 95% CI 73.1% to 79.9%) and dermatological symptoms (63.3%; 95% CI 58.7% to 67.7%). Laboratory investigations suggested raised inflammatory, coagulation and cardiac markers. The most common management strategies were intravenous immunoglobulins (87.5%; 95% CI 82.9% to 91%) and steroids (74.7%; 95% CI 68.7% to 79.9%). Around 53.1% (95% CI 47.3% to 58.9%) required paediatric intensive care unit admissions, and overall mortality was 3.9% (95% CI 2.7% to 5.6%). Patients in MIC were younger, had a higher frequency of respiratory distress and evidence of cardiac dysfunction, with a longer hospital and intensive care unit stay and had a higher mortality rate than patients in HIC. CONCLUSION MIS-C is a severe multisystem disease with better mortality outcomes in HIC as compared with MIC. The findings emphasise the need for standardised protocols and further research to optimise patient care and address disparities between HIC and MIC. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020195823.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qalab Abbas
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sind, Pakistan
| | - Haider Ali
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sind, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Amjad
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sind, Pakistan
| | | | - Abdu R Rahman
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Hameed Khan
- Institute for Global Health and Development, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sind, Pakistan
| | - Zahra A Padhani
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Fatima Abbas
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sind, Pakistan
| | - Danyal Imam
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sind, Pakistan
| | - Zuviya Alikhan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sind, Pakistan
| | - Sameer M Belgaumi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sind, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Mohsin
- Department of Pediatric cardiology, Division of cardiothoracic sciences, Sindh institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Sind, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Sattar
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sind, Pakistan
| | - Arsalan Siddiqui
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sind, Pakistan
| | - Zohra S Lassi
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jai K Das
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sind, Pakistan
- Institute for Global Health and Development, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sind, Pakistan
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Almosawi SH, Mustafa A, Hassan FA, Abousher E, Nasser JS, Loni R, Fox G. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Post COVID-19 Infection: Diagnosis and Treatment from the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) at a Tertiary Hospital in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Cureus 2023; 15:e50006. [PMID: 38186496 PMCID: PMC10767155 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections, children presented with varying clinical manifestations of a Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). The aim of our study is to identify the clinical manifestations upon admission to paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and to identify how different treatments affected post-treatment outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study included 11 patients diagnosed with multisystem inflammatory syndrome based on the World Health Organization (WHO) classification and treated by intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) with/without corticosteroids. Results: There were six female and five male patients with an average age of 5.08±4.7 years. Ten had a confirmed positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serological antibody test or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, with one having only contact history. The most common systems affected by MIS-C were gastrointestinal and ophthalmological presentations. All presented with fever and raised inflammatory markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, ferritin, d-dimer, and lactate dehydrogenase). There was no statistical difference between both treatment groups. Clinical and inflammatory markers significantly improved in both groups. CONCLUSION This study highlights an improved outcome associated with combination therapy, although there is no statistical significance between both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed H Almosawi
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Manama, BHR
| | - Amreen Mustafa
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Manama, BHR
| | - Fareedul A Hassan
- Department of Pediatrics, King Hamad University Hospital, Busaiteen, BHR
| | - Ebrahim Abousher
- Medicine, Sandwell and West Birmingham National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Birmingham, GBR
| | - Jenan S Nasser
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Manama, BHR
| | - Ramaning Loni
- Department of Pediatrics, King Hamad University Hospital, Busaiteen, BHR
| | - Gabriel Fox
- Department of Pediatrics, King Hamad University Hospital, Busaiteen, BHR
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Shati AA, Mahmood SE, Alsuheel Asseri A, Alhanshani AA, Alqahtani YA, Ahmad A. SARS-CoV-2 infections and MIS-C among children: A narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34475. [PMID: 37543809 PMCID: PMC10402996 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has less of an impact among the babies and teenagers, than it does on adults as a whole. Children turned out to be less symptomatic during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) surge worldwide. Researchers discovered the ways of protection by preemptive care, like, treatment, variants, vaccination, social distancing, and cohorting among children as soon as their medical and epidemiological factors were assessed while being exposed to SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The actual pervasiveness of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 contagion is possibly undervalued because of less examination of the asymptomatic children. A half of young-aged people who tested SARS-CoV-2 positive don't show any symptoms as per the study of serology. Nevertheless, there is wide circulation of information reporting a post-infectious acute illness known as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) or multisystem hyperinflammatory syndrome. Therefore, we undertook this narrative review to synthesize the evidence from existing studies to assess the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infections and MIS-C among Children. We reviewed PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar to find the pertinent scientific papers published in English that were available for such analysis. The main purpose of this article is to present, on this limited topic, a better-comprehended review covering pertinent material and data to be informed on SARS-CoV-2 infections and MIS-C among Children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayed A. Shati
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Esam Mahmood
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alsuheel Asseri
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A. Alhanshani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef A. Alqahtani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ausaf Ahmad
- Department of Community Medicine, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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Sakata N, Nishioka H. Strawberry tongue in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection. QJM 2023; 116:447-448. [PMID: 36655789 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Sakata
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-1-1 Minami-machi, Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
| | - H Nishioka
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-1-1 Minami-machi, Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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Röckert Tjernberg A, Malmborg P, Mårild K. Coronavirus disease 2019 and gastrointestinal disorders in children. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2023; 16:17562848231177612. [PMID: 37305380 PMCID: PMC10243097 DOI: 10.1177/17562848231177612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past 3 years, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a great impact on people all over the world. However, it has become evident that disease manifestations and severity differ across age groups. Most children have a milder disease course than adults but possibly more pronounced gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Given the child's developing immune system, the impact of COVID-19 on disease development may differ compared to adults. This study reviews the potential bi-directional relationship between COVID-19 and GI diseases in children, focusing on common pediatric conditions such as functional GI disorders (FGID), celiac disease (CeD), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Children with GI diseases, in general, and CeD and IBD, in particular, do not seem to have an increased risk of severe COVID-19, including risks of hospitalization, critical care need, and death. While infections are considered candidate environmental factors in both CeD and IBD pathogenesis, and specific infectious agents are known triggers for FGID, there is still not sufficient evidence to implicate COVID-19 in the development of either of these diseases. However, given the scarcity of data and the possible latency period between environmental triggers and disease development, future investigations in this field are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Röckert Tjernberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Kalmar County Hospital, Region Kalmar County, Kalmar S-391 85, Sweden
| | - Petter Malmborg
- Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Mårild
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Tomczonek-Moruś J, Krysiak N, Blomberg A, Depczyk-Bukała M, Tkaczyk M, Zeman K. Role of Lung Ultrasonography (LUS) as a Tool for Evaluating Children with Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS). J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082850. [PMID: 37109187 PMCID: PMC10142478 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) is a novel entity. The inflammatory process involves the circulatory, digestive, respiratory, and central nervous systems, as well as the skin. Making a diagnosis requires extensive differential diagnoses, including lung imaging. The aim of our study was to retrospectively assess the pathologies found in lung ultrasound (LUS) in children diagnosed with PIMS-TS and to evaluate the usefulness of the examination in diagnostics and monitoring. METHODS The study group consisted of 43 children diagnosed with PIMS-TS, in whom LUS was performed at least three times, including on admission to hospital, on discharge, and 3 months after disease onset. RESULTS Pneumonia (mild to severe) was diagnosed in 91% of the patients based on the ultrasound image; the same number had at least one pathology, including consolidations, atelectasis, pleural effusion, and interstitial or interstitial-alveolar syndrome. By the time of discharge, the inflammatory changes had completely regressed in 19% of the children and partially in 81%. After 3 months, no pathologies were detected in the entire study group. CONCLUSION LUS is a useful tool for diagnosing and monitoring children with PIMS-TS. Inflammatory lesions of the lungs resolve completely when the generalized inflammatory process subsides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Tomczonek-Moruś
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology, Institute of the Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital in Lodz Poland, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Natalia Krysiak
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology, Institute of the Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital in Lodz Poland, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Blomberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology, Institute of the Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital in Lodz Poland, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Depczyk-Bukała
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology, Institute of the Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital in Lodz Poland, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Tkaczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology, Institute of the Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital in Lodz Poland, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Pediatrics Nephrology and Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Zeman
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology, Institute of the Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital in Lodz Poland, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Pediatrics Nephrology and Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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Chun-Ern Ng D, Liew CH, Tan KK, Lim HY, Zailanalhuddin NEB, Tan SF, Chandra Mohan VAA, Mahendran SA, Tan YC, Chin L, Ong SQ, Siew Yin Eng C. Epidemiology, clinical characteristics and outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Pediatr Int 2023; 65:e15690. [PMID: 38037505 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) among children from Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. METHODS A retrospective, multicentre, observational study was performed among children ≤15 years old who were hospitalized for MIS-C between January 18, 2021 and June 30, 2023. The incidence of MIS-C was estimated using reported SARS-CoV-2 cases and census population data. Descriptive analyses were used to summarize the clinical presentation and outcomes. RESULTS The study included 53 patients with a median age of 5.7 years (IQR 1.8-8.7 years); 75.5% were males. The overall incidence of MIS-C was approximately 5.9 cases per 1,000,000 person-months. Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission was required for 22 (41.5%) patients. No mortalities were recorded. Children aged 6-12 years were more likely to present with cardiac dysfunction/shock (odds ratio [OR] 5.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.67-17.66), whereas children below 6 years were more likely to present with a Kawasaki disease phenotype (OR 5.50, 95% CI 1.33-22.75). Twenty patients (37.7%) presented with involvement of at least four organ systems, but four patients (7.5%) demonstrated single-organ system involvement. CONCLUSION An age-based variation in the clinical presentation of MIS-C was demonstrated. Our findings suggest MIS-C could manifest in a spectrum, including single-organ involvement. Despite the high requirement for PICU admission, the prognosis of MIS-C was favorable, with no recorded mortalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuin-Hen Liew
- Hospital Tuanku Ampuan Najihah, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Kah Kee Tan
- Perdana University Seremban Clinical Academic Center, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Hui Yi Lim
- Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | | | - Shir Fong Tan
- Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Yuong Chie Tan
- Hospital Tuanku Ampuan Najihah, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Ling Chin
- Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Song-Quan Ong
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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Abdelaziz TA, Abdulrahman DA, Baz EG, Allam RM, Hamed DE, Elsayed AEA, Gohary MM. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19 in Egypt: A tertiary care hospital experience. J Paediatr Child Health 2022; 59:445-452. [PMID: 36580085 PMCID: PMC9880623 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to evaluate MIS-C patients' clinical manifestations, laboratory test results and mortality outcomes in an Egyptian tertiary care university hospital. METHODS We conducted a 12 month cross-sectional study in a tertiary-care university children's hospital. All paediatric patients (1 month to 16 years old) who met the CDC criteria for MIS-C were enrolled in the study. We assessed patients' clinical presentations, complications, treatments, imaging studies, laboratory test results and outcomes. The baseline clinical and laboratory findings of survivors and non-survivors were compared. RESULTS Of 45 MIS-C patients, 24 (53.3%) were males, and the median (interquartile range) age was 4 (1.25-10) years. All patients had fever, 64.4% had respiratory manifestations, 48.9% presented with coma, 44.4% presented with shock, 33.3% presented with seizures, 31.1% had abdominal pain, 28.9% had vomiting and 22.2% presented with cerebrovascular stroke. A total of 15 (33.3%) patients died, and the non-survivors had a significantly higher incidence of respiratory manifestations (P = 0.028), shock (P = 0.034), cerebrovascular stroke (P = 0.043) and seizures (P = 0.044) as compared to the survivors. In addition, the serum levels of ferritin (P = 0.047), alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.047) and aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.05) were significantly higher in the non-survivors as compared to the survivors. CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, MIS-C associated with COVID-19 is a potentially fatal illness. Hospitalised patients with MIS-C often have multi-organ injuries affecting the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and neurological systems. The deceased are more likely to exhibit respiratory manifestations, shock, cerebrovascular stroke, seizures and elevated serum levels of ferritin and liver enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A Abdelaziz
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt
| | | | - Eman G Baz
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt
| | - Reem M Allam
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt
| | - Dina E Hamed
- Dermatology, Venereology, Andrology Department, Faculty of MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt
| | - Ashraf E A Elsayed
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Department, Faculty of MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt
| | - Mahmoud M Gohary
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt
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