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Thomas JJ, Harp KO, Bashi A, Hood JL, Botchway F, Wilson MD, Thompson WE, Stiles JK, Driss A. MiR-451a and let-7i-5p loaded extracellular vesicles attenuate heme-induced inflammation in hiPSC-derived endothelial cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1082414. [PMID: 36618355 PMCID: PMC9815029 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1082414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolysis is associated with many pathologies, including trauma, sepsis, hemorrhagic stroke, malaria, and genetic disorders such as sickle cell disease (SCD). When hemolysis occurs, free-heme drives vascular inflammation, resulting in oxidative tissue damage and cardiometabolic complications. A better understanding of heme clearance and detoxification is essential to preventing sustained tissue damage. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs) provide a novel source of patient-specific cells and tissues for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative therapeutics. Here we report the use of hiPSC-ECs to elucidate the role of miR-451a and let-7i-5p-loaded extracellular vesicles (EVs, such as exosomes) in the inflammatory response to free-heme as a model for heme-induced inflammation. We provide evidence of a significant correlation between miR-451a and let-7i-5p-loaded circulating exosomes in plasmodium-infected patients with reported clinical benchmarks of malaria-severity (e.g., Hemoglobin (Hb) levels, white blood cell counts). Additionally, we determined that exposure of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) parasites to EVs, loaded with either miRNA, significantly reduces their counts in vitro. Using hiPSCs derived from individuals with wild-type Hb (HbAA) or homozygous sickle cell mutated Hb (HbSS) genotypes, we demonstrate that heme-treated hiPSC-ECs secreted inflammatory products (cytokines, chemokines and growth factors) into supporting media at concentrations that were similar to that reported in HbAA and HbSS serum. This inflammatory response was attenuated by exposure with miR-451a or let-7i-5p-loaded EVs. We also found a decrease in transcription of ICAM1 and P-Selectin, as well as the secretion of key inflammatory cytokines (e.g., CXCL10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ). Based on these findings, we propose a model in which increased levels of exosomal miR-451a and let-7i-5p in Plasmodium-infected individuals will attenuate inflammatory responses to free-heme and parasite-derived products. As a result, infected erythrocytes will less likely adhere to the endothelium, sequester in brain micro vessels, and reduce vaso-occlusive crises that exacerbate cerebral malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Thomas
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Keri Oxendine Harp
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Alaijah Bashi
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Joshua L. Hood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brown Cancer Center, Hepatobiology and Toxicology COBRE, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Felix Botchway
- Department of Pathology, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Michael D. Wilson
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Winston E. Thompson
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jonathan K. Stiles
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Adel Driss
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States,*Correspondence: Adel Driss,
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Olatunde AC, Cornwall DH, Roedel M, Lamb TJ. Mouse Models for Unravelling Immunology of Blood Stage Malaria. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1525. [PMID: 36146602 PMCID: PMC9501382 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria comprises a spectrum of disease syndromes and the immune system is a major participant in malarial disease. This is particularly true in relation to the immune responses elicited against blood stages of Plasmodium-parasites that are responsible for the pathogenesis of infection. Mouse models of malaria are commonly used to dissect the immune mechanisms underlying disease. While no single mouse model of Plasmodium infection completely recapitulates all the features of malaria in humans, collectively the existing models are invaluable for defining the events that lead to the immunopathogenesis of malaria. Here we review the different mouse models of Plasmodium infection that are available, and highlight some of the main contributions these models have made with regards to identifying immune mechanisms of parasite control and the immunopathogenesis of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tracey J. Lamb
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Emma Eccles Jones Medical Research Building, 15 N Medical Drive E, Room 1420A, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Mukherjee D, Chora ÂF, Lone JC, Ramiro RS, Blankenhaus B, Serre K, Ramirez M, Gordo I, Veldhoen M, Varga-Weisz P, Mota MM. Host lung microbiota promotes malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3747. [PMID: 35768411 PMCID: PMC9243033 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe malaria can manifest itself with a variety of well-recognized clinical phenotypes that are highly predictive of death - severe anaemia, coma (cerebral malaria), multiple organ failure, and respiratory distress. The reasons why an infected individual develops one pathology rather than another remain poorly understood. Here we use distinct rodent models of infection to show that the host microbiota is a contributing factor for the development of respiratory distress syndrome and host mortality in the context of malaria infections (malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome, MA-ARDS). We show that parasite sequestration in the lung results in sustained immune activation. Subsequent production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by T cells compromises microbial control, leading to severe lung disease. Notably, bacterial clearance with linezolid, an antibiotic commonly used in the clinical setting to control lung-associated bacterial infections, prevents MA-ARDS-associated lethality. Thus, we propose that the host's anti-inflammatory response to limit tissue damage can result in loss of microbial control, which promotes MA-ARDS. This must be considered when intervening against life-threatening respiratory complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Mukherjee
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ângelo Ferreira Chora
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jean-Christophe Lone
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | | | - Birte Blankenhaus
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Karine Serre
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mário Ramirez
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gordo
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marc Veldhoen
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrick Varga-Weisz
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
- São Paulo Excellence Chair, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Maria M Mota
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Nguee SYT, Júnior JWBD, Epiphanio S, Rénia L, Claser C. Experimental Models to Study the Pathogenesis of Malaria-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:899581. [PMID: 35677654 PMCID: PMC9168995 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.899581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS) is increasingly gaining recognition as a severe malaria complication because of poor prognostic outcomes, high lethality rate, and limited therapeutic interventions. Unfortunately, invasive clinical studies are challenging to conduct and yields insufficient mechanistic insights. These limitations have led to the development of suitable MA-ARDS experimental mouse models. In patients and mice, MA-ARDS is characterized by edematous lung, along with marked infiltration of inflammatory cells and damage of the alveolar-capillary barriers. Although, the pathogenic pathways have yet to be fully understood, the use of different experimental mouse models is fundamental in the identification of mediators of pulmonary vascular damage. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on endothelial activation, leukocyte recruitment, leukocyte induced-endothelial dysfunction, and other important findings, to better understand the pathogenesis pathways leading to endothelial pulmonary barrier lesions and increased vascular permeability. We also discuss how the advances in imaging techniques can contribute to a better understanding of the lung lesions induced during MA-ARDS, and how it could aid to monitor MA-ARDS severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Yee Teng Nguee
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laurent Rénia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carla Claser
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Carla Claser,
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Techarang T, Jariyapong P, Punsawad C. Role of sphingosine kinase and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor in the liver pathology of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266055. [PMID: 35333897 PMCID: PMC8956183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased serum sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) has been reported in severe malaria patients, but the expression of receptors and enzymes associated with S1P has not been investigated in the liver of malaria patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the expression of sphingosine kinase (SphK) and S1P receptors (S1PRs) in the liver of malaria-infected mice. C57BL/6 male mice were divided into a control group (n = 10) and a Plasmodium berghei (PbA)-infected group (n = 10). Mice in the malaria group were intraperitoneally injected with 1×106 P. berghei ANKA-infected red blood cells, whereas control mice were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline. Liver tissues were collected on Day 13 of the experiment to evaluate histopathological changes by hematoxylin and eosin staining and to investigate SphK and S1PR expression by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. Histological examination of liver tissues from the PbA-infected group revealed sinusoidal dilatation, hemozoin deposition, portal tract inflammation and apoptotic hepatocytes, which were absent in the control group. Immunohistochemical staining showed significant increases in the expression of SphK1 and SphK2 and significant decreases in the expression of S1PR1, S1PR2, and S1PR3 in the endothelium, hepatocytes, and Kupffer cells in liver tissue from the PbA-infected group compared with the control group. Real-time PCR analysis showed the upregulation of SphK1 and the downregulation of S1PR1, S1PR2, and S1PR3 in the liver in the PbA-infected group compared with the control group. In conclusion, this study demonstrates for the first time that SphK1 mRNA expression is upregulated and that S1PR1, S1PR2, and S1PR3 expression is decreased in the liver tissue of PbA-infected mice. Our findings suggest that the decreased levels of S1PR1, S1PR2, and S1PR3 might play an important role in liver injury during malaria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tachpon Techarang
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Pitchanee Jariyapong
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Chuchard Punsawad
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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Portugal S, Rodriguez A, Prudêncio M. Maria M. Mota: Bringing Plasmodium Liver Infection to the Centre Stage of Malaria Research. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:851484. [PMID: 35211424 PMCID: PMC8860983 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.851484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Miguel Prudêncio,
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Heme oxygenase-1, carbon monoxide, and malaria – The interplay of chemistry and biology. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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MicroRNAs miR-451a and Let-7i-5p Profiles in Circulating Exosomes Vary among Individuals with Different Sickle Hemoglobin Genotypes and Malaria. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030500. [PMID: 35159951 PMCID: PMC8837188 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) occurs when two alleles of mutated hemoglobin (HbS or HbC) are inherited (HbSS and HbSC) rather than one (HbAS or HbAC), which indicates a person carries the sickle cell trait. The high prevalence of these two alleles in Africa have been associated with reduced malaria susceptibility. Recent in vitro research has been shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) miR-451a and let-7i-5p are differentially expressed in HbSS erythrocytes compared to healthy controls (HbAA) and are overexpressed in Plasmodium-infected malaria erythrocytes. However, these miRNAs have not been fully examined in the plasma of people with different sickle hemoglobin genotypes. Plasma circulating miRNAs are commonly encapsulated in extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, and are thought to play a role in disease development. Circulating exosomal miR-451a and let-7i-5p were quantified from individuals with various hemoglobin genotypes (HbAA, HbAS, HbAC, HbSS, HbSC, and HbCC) with (+) and without (-) malaria. The results showed a higher level of exosomal let-7i-5p and miR-451a in HbSS-. Exosomal let-7i-5p and miR-451a levels were lower in HbSS+ compared to other genotypes. Based on the area under the curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROCs), both exosomal miRNAs may be useful disease biomarkers for SCD with malaria. Finally, miR-451a and let-7i-5p modulate genes involved in inflammation, making them potential biomarkers of pathogenesis for both diseases.
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PET Imaging of Translocator Protein as a Marker of Malaria-Associated Lung Inflammation. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0002421. [PMID: 34251290 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00024-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS) is a severe complication of malaria despite effective anti-malarial treatment. Currently, non-invasive imaging procedures such as chest X-rays are used to assess oedema in established MA-ARDS but earlier detection methods are needed to reduce morbidity and mortality. The early stages of MA-ARDS are characterized by the infiltration of leukocytes, in particular monocyte/macrophages, thus monitoring of immune infiltrates may provide a useful indicator of early pathology. Procedures. Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected C57BL/6 mice, a rodent malaria model of MA-ARDS, were longitudinally imaged using the TSPO imaging agent [18F]FEPPA as a marker of macrophage accumulation during the development of pathology and response to combined artesunate and chloroquine diphosphate therapy (ART+CQ). [18F]FEPPA uptake was compared to blood parasitemia levels and pulmonary immune cell infiltrates using flow cytometry. Results. Infected animals showed rapid increases lung retention of [18F]FEPPA, correlating well with increases in blood parasitemia and pulmonary accumulation of interstitial inflammatory macrophages and MHC II+ alveolar macrophages. Treatment with ART+CQ therapy abrogated this increase in parasitemia and significantly reduced both lung uptake of [18F]FEPPA and macrophage infiltrates. Conclusions. Retention of [18F]FEPPA in the lungs is well correlated with changes in blood parasitemia and lung associated macrophages during disease progression and in response to ART+CQ therapy. With further development TSPO biomarkers may have the potential to be able to accurately assess early onset of MA-ARDS.
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Ryter SW. Significance of Heme and Heme Degradation in the Pathogenesis of Acute Lung and Inflammatory Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115509. [PMID: 34073678 PMCID: PMC8197128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heme molecule serves as an essential prosthetic group for oxygen transport and storage proteins, as well for cellular metabolic enzyme activities, including those involved in mitochondrial respiration, xenobiotic metabolism, and antioxidant responses. Dysfunction in both heme synthesis and degradation pathways can promote human disease. Heme is a pro-oxidant via iron catalysis that can induce cytotoxicity and injury to the vascular endothelium. Additionally, heme can modulate inflammatory and immune system functions. Thus, the synthesis, utilization and turnover of heme are by necessity tightly regulated. The microsomal heme oxygenase (HO) system degrades heme to carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and biliverdin-IXα, that latter which is converted to bilirubin-IXα by biliverdin reductase. Heme degradation by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is linked to cytoprotection via heme removal, as well as by activity-dependent end-product generation (i.e., bile pigments and CO), and other potential mechanisms. Therapeutic strategies targeting the heme/HO-1 pathway, including therapeutic modulation of heme levels, elevation (or inhibition) of HO-1 protein and activity, and application of CO donor compounds or gas show potential in inflammatory conditions including sepsis and pulmonary diseases.
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Abstract
Respiratory distress (RD) is a complication of severe malaria associated with a particularly high risk for death in African children infected with the parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The pathophysiology underlying RD remains poorly understood, and the condition is managed supportively. Respiratory distress in severe malaria is associated with high mortality, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. The malaria pigment hemozoin (HZ) is abundant in target organs of severe malaria, including the lungs, and is known to be a potent innate immune activator of phagocytes. We hypothesized that HZ might also stimulate lung epithelial activation and thereby potentiate lung inflammation. We show here that airway epithelium stimulated with HZ undergoes global transcriptional reprogramming and changes in cell surface protein expression that comprise an epithelial activation phenotype. Proinflammatory signaling is induced, and key cytoadherence molecules are upregulated, including several associated with severe malaria, such as CD36 and ICAM1. Epithelial and extracellular matrix remodeling pathways are transformed, including induction of key metalloproteases and modulation of epithelial junctions. The overall program induced by HZ serves to promote inflammation and neutrophil transmigration, and is recapitulated in a murine model of HZ-induced acute pneumonitis. Together, our data demonstrate a direct role for hemozoin in stimulating epithelial activation that could potentiate lung inflammation in malaria.
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Therapeutic Potential of Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide in Acute Organ Injury, Critical Illness, and Inflammatory Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111153. [PMID: 33228260 PMCID: PMC7699570 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible stress protein that catalyzes the oxidative conversion of heme to carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and biliverdin (BV), the latter of which is converted to bilirubin (BR) by biliverdin reductase. HO-1 has been implicated as a cytoprotectant in various models of acute organ injury and disease (i.e., lung, kidney, heart, liver). Thus, HO-1 may serve as a general therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases. HO-1 may function as a pleiotropic modulator of inflammatory signaling, via the removal of heme, and generation of its enzymatic degradation-products. Iron release from HO activity may exert pro-inflammatory effects unless sequestered, whereas BV/BR have well-established antioxidant properties. CO, derived from HO activity, has been identified as an endogenous mediator that can influence mitochondrial function and/or cellular signal transduction programs which culminate in the regulation of apoptosis, cellular proliferation, and inflammation. Much research has focused on the application of low concentration CO, whether administered in gaseous form by inhalation, or via the use of CO-releasing molecules (CORMs), for therapeutic benefit in disease. The development of novel CORMs for their translational potential remains an active area of investigation. Evidence has accumulated for therapeutic effects of both CO and CORMs in diseases associated with critical care, including acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS), mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury, pneumonias, and sepsis. The therapeutic benefits of CO may extend to other diseases involving aberrant inflammatory processes such as transplant-associated ischemia/reperfusion injury and chronic graft rejection, and metabolic diseases. Current and planned clinical trials explore the therapeutic benefit of CO in ARDS and other lung diseases.
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Expression of 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the Kidneys of Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice. J Trop Med 2020; 2020:8813654. [PMID: 33149743 PMCID: PMC7603615 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8813654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most serious complications of severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria, but the exact pathogenic mechanisms of AKI in P. falciparum infection have not been clearly elucidated. We hypothesized that oxidative stress is a potential mediator of acute tubular necrosis in P. falciparum-infected kidneys. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the histopathological changes and markers of oxidative stress in kidney tissues from mice with experimental malaria. DBA/2 mice were divided into two groups: the mice in the malaria-infected group (n = 10) were intraperitoneally injected with 1 × 106P. berghei ANKA-infected red blood cells, and the mice in the control group (n = 10) were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of 0.85% normal saline. Kidney sections were collected and used for histopathological examination and the investigation of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression through immunohistochemistry staining. The histopathology study revealed that the P. berghei-infected kidneys exhibited a greater area of tubular necrosis than those of the control group (p < 0.05). The positive staining scores for 4-HNE and HO-1 expression in tubular epithelial cells of the P. berghei-infected group were significantly higher than those found for the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, significant positive correlations were found between the tubular necrosis score and the positive staining scores for 4-HNE and HO-1 in the kidneys from the P. berghei-infected group. In conclusion, this finding demonstrates that increased expression of 4-HNE and HO-1 might be involved in the pathogenesis of acute tubular damage in the kidneys during malaria infection. Our results provide new insights into the pathogenesis of malaria-associated AKI and might provide guidelines for the future development of a therapeutic intervention for malaria.
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Hypotheses about sub-optimal hydration in the weeks before coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a risk factor for dying from COVID-19. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110237. [PMID: 33254543 PMCID: PMC7467030 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To address urgent need for strategies to limit mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), this review describes experimental, clinical and epidemiological evidence that suggests that chronic sub-optimal hydration in the weeks before infection might increase risk of COVID-19 mortality in multiple ways. Sub-optimal hydration is associated with key risk factors for COVID-19 mortality, including older age, male sex, race-ethnicity and chronic disease. Chronic hypertonicity, total body water deficit and/or hypovolemia cause multiple intracellular and/or physiologic adaptations that preferentially retain body water and favor positive total body water balance when challenged by infection. Via effects on serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) signaling, aldosterone, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), aquaporin 5 (AQP5) and/or Na+/K+-ATPase, chronic sub-optimal hydration in the weeks before exposure to COVID-19 may conceivably result in: greater abundance of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors in the lung, which increases likelihood of COVID-19 infection, lung epithelial cells which are pre-set for exaggerated immune response, increased capacity for capillary leakage of fluid into the airway space, and/or reduced capacity for both passive and active transport of fluid out of the airways. The hypothesized hydration effects suggest hypotheses regarding strategies for COVID-19 risk reduction, such as public health recommendations to increase intake of drinking water, hydration screening alongside COVID-19 testing, and treatment tailored to the pre-infection hydration condition. Hydration may link risk factors and pathways in a unified mechanism for COVID-19 mortality. Attention to hydration holds potential to reduce COVID-19 mortality and disparities via at least 5 pathways simultaneously.
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Pádua TA, Souza MC. Heme on Pulmonary Malaria: Friend or Foe? Front Immunol 2020; 11:1835. [PMID: 32983096 PMCID: PMC7477073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a hemolytic disease that, in severe cases, can compromise multiple organs. Pulmonary distress is a common symptom observed in severe malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium falciparum. However, biological components involved in the development of lung malaria are poorly studied. In experimental models of pulmonary malaria, it was observed that parasitized red blood cell-congested pulmonary capillaries are related to intra-alveolar hemorrhages and inflammatory cell infiltration. Thus, it is very likely that hemolysis participates in malaria-induced acute lung injury. During malaria, heme assumes different biochemical structures such as hemin and hemozoin (biocrystallized structure of heme inside Plasmodium sp.). Each heme-derived structure triggers a different biological effect: on the one hand, hemozoin found in lung tissue is responsible for the infiltration of inflammatory cells and consequent tissue injury; on the other hand, heme stimulates heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and CO production, which protect mice from severe malaria. In this review, we discuss the biological mechanism involved in the dual role of heme response in experimental malaria-induced acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Almeida Pádua
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (Farmanguinhos), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Conceição Souza
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (Farmanguinhos), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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16
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Quirino TDC, Ortolan LDS, Sercundes MK, Marinho CRF, Turato WM, Epiphanio S. Lung aeration in experimental malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome by SPECT/CT analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233864. [PMID: 32470082 PMCID: PMC7259762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an inflammatory disease causing alveolar-pulmonary barrier lesion and increased vascular permeability characterized by severe hypoxemia. Computed tomography (CT), among other imaging techniques, allows the morphological and quantitative identification of lung lesions during ARDS. This study aims to identify the onset of malaria-associated ARDS development in an experimental model by imaging diagnosis. Our results demonstrated that ARDS-developing mice presented decreased gaseous exchange and pulmonary insufficiency, as shown by the SPECT/CT technique. The pulmonary aeration disturbance in ARDS-developing mice on the 5th day post infection was characterized by aerated tissues decrease and nonaerated tissue accumulation, demonstrating increased vascular permeability and pleural effusion. The SPECT/CT technique allowed the early diagnosis in the experimental model, as well as the identification of the pulmonary aeration. Notwithstanding, despite the fact that this study contributes to better understand lung lesions during malaria-associated ARDS, further imaging studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thatyane de Castro Quirino
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Luana dos Santos Ortolan
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Michelle Klein Sercundes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Walter Miguel Turato
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- Centro de Radiofarmácia, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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17
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Overexpression of Sphingosine Kinase-1 and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-3 in Severe Plasmodium falciparum Malaria with Pulmonary Edema. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3932569. [PMID: 32185202 PMCID: PMC7061106 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3932569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary edema (PE) is a major cause of pulmonary manifestations of severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria and is usually associated with acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK-1)/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-3 (S1PR-3) pathway has recently been reported to affect the pathogenesis of lung injury, but the expression of these proteins in the lungs of severe P. falciparum malaria patients has not been investigated. The cellular expression of SphK-1 and S1PR-3 in lung tissues from autopsied patients with P. falciparum malaria was investigated using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Lung tissues from patients who died of severe P. falciparum malaria were classified into two groups based on histopathological findings: those with PE (18 patients) and those without PE (non-PE, 19 patients). Ten samples of normal lung tissues were used as the control group. The protein expression levels of SphK-1 and S1PR-3 were significantly upregulated in endothelial cells (ECs), alveolar epithelial cells, and alveolar macrophages (AMs) in the lungs of severe P. falciparum malaria patients with PE compared to those in the non-PE and control groups (all p < 0.001). In addition, the SphK-1 and S1PR-3 expression levels were significantly positively correlated in pulmonary ECs (rs = 0.922, p < 0.001), alveolar epithelial cells (rs = 0.995, p < 0.001), and AMs (rs = 0.969, p < 0.001). In conclusion, both the SphK-1 and S1PR-3 proteins were overexpressed in the lung tissues of severe P. falciparum malaria patients with PE, suggesting that SphK-1 and S1PR-3 mediate the pathogenesis of PE in severe malaria. Targeting the regulation of SphK-1 and/or S1PR-3 may be an approach to treat pulmonary complications in severe P. falciparum patients.
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18
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Endothelial Protein C Receptor Could Contribute to Experimental Malaria-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:3105817. [PMID: 31871954 PMCID: PMC6913256 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3105817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The severity of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with parasite cytoadherence, but there is limited knowledge about the effect of parasite cytoadherence in malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Our objective was to evaluate the cytoadherence of infected red blood cells (iRBCs) in a murine model of ARDS and to appraise a potential function of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) in ARDS pathogenesis. DBA/2 mice infected with P. berghei ANKA were classified as ARDS- or hyperparasitemia- (HP-) developing mice according to respiratory parameters and parasitemia. Lungs, blood, and bronchoalveolar lavage were collected for gene expression or protein analyses. Primary cultures of microvascular lung endothelial cells from DBA/2 mice were analyzed for iRBC interactions. Lungs from ARDS-developing mice showed evidence of iRBC accumulation along with an increase in EPCR and TNF concentrations. Furthermore, TNF increased iRBC adherence in vitro. Dexamethasone-treated infected mice showed low levels of TNF and EPCR mRNA expression and, finally, decreased vascular permeability, thus protecting mice from ARDS. In conclusion, we identified that increased iRBC cytoadherence in the lungs underlies malaria-associated ARDS in DBA/2-infected mice and that inflammation increased cytoadherence capacity, suggesting a participation of EPCR and a conceivable target for drug development.
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19
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Mukherjee D, Chora ÂF, Mota MM. Microbiota, a Third Player in the Host-Plasmodium Affair. Trends Parasitol 2019; 36:11-18. [PMID: 31787522 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria, is responsible for more than 200 million new infections and 400 000 deaths yearly. While in recent years the influence of the microbiota in homeostasis and a wide variety of disorders has taken center stage, its contribution during malaria infections has only now started to emerge. The few published studies suggest two distinct but complementary directions. Plasmodium infections can cause significant alterations in host (at least gut) microbiota, and host gut microbiota can influence the clinical outcome of malaria infections. In this opinion article, we highlight the most fundamental unanswered questions in the field that will, hopefully, point future research directions towards unveiling key mechanistic insights of the Plasmodium-host-microbiota axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Mukherjee
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ângelo Ferreira Chora
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria M Mota
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
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20
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Claser C, Nguee SYT, Balachander A, Wu Howland S, Becht E, Gunasegaran B, Hartimath SV, Lee AWQ, Theng Theng Ho J, Bing Ong C, Newell EW, Goggi J, Guan Ng L, Renia L. Lung endothelial cell antigen cross-presentation to CD8 +T cells drives malaria-associated lung injury. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4241. [PMID: 31534124 PMCID: PMC6751193 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI) are life-threatening manifestations of severe malaria infections. The pathogenic mechanisms that lead to respiratory complications, such as vascular leakage, remain unclear. Here, we confirm that depleting CD8+T cells with anti-CD8β antibodies in C57BL/6 mice infected with P. berghei ANKA (PbA) prevent pulmonary vascular leakage. When we transfer activated parasite-specific CD8+T cells into PbA-infected TCRβ-/- mice (devoid of all T-cell populations), pulmonary vascular leakage recapitulates. Additionally, we demonstrate that PbA-infected erythrocyte accumulation leads to lung endothelial cell cross-presentation of parasite antigen to CD8+T cells in an IFNγ-dependent manner. In conclusion, pulmonary vascular damage in ALI is a consequence of IFNγ-activated lung endothelial cells capturing, processing, and cross-presenting malaria parasite antigen to specific CD8+T cells induced during infection. The mechanistic understanding of the immunopathogenesis in malaria-associated ARDS and ALI provide the basis for development of adjunct treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Claser
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
| | - Samantha Yee Teng Nguee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2 Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Akhila Balachander
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Wu Howland
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Etienne Becht
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Bavani Gunasegaran
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Siddesh V Hartimath
- Isotopic Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), A*STAR, 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Audrey W Q Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Jacqueline Theng Theng Ho
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Chee Bing Ong
- Histolopathology/Advanced Molecular Pathology Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Level 6 Proteos Building, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Evan W Newell
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Julian Goggi
- Isotopic Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), A*STAR, 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4 Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2 Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.
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21
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Punsawad C, Viriyavejakul P. Expression of sphingosine kinase 1 and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3 in malaria-associated acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome in a mouse model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222098. [PMID: 31483837 PMCID: PMC6726369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the expression of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK-1) and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR-3) in a mouse model of malaria-associated acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). DBA/2 mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA to generate an experimental model of malaria-associated ALI/ARDS. The infected mice were divided into 2 groups based on the histopathological study of lung tissues: those with and those without ALI/ARDS. The expression of the SphK-1 and S1PR-3 proteins in the lung tissues was investigated using immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis. In addition, the S1P level was quantified in plasma and lung tissues using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results demonstrated that the cellular expression of the SphK-1 and S1PR-3 proteins was significantly upregulated in endothelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages in the lung tissues of malaria-infected mice with ALI/ARDS compared with those in the control groups. The increased expression of the SphK-1 and S1PR-3 proteins was confirmed using Western blot analysis. The concentration of S1P in plasma and lung tissues was significantly decreased in malaria-infected mice with ALI/ARDS compared with non-ALI/ARDS and control mice. Furthermore, increased expression of the SphK-1 and S1PR-3 proteins significantly correlated with lung injury scores and S1P concentrations in malaria-infected mice with ALI/ARDS. These findings highlight increased expression of SphK-1 and S1PR-3 in the lung tissues of malaria-infected mice with ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchard Punsawad
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Parnpen Viriyavejakul
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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22
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Surfactant Protein D Is Altered in Experimental Malaria-Associated Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. J Trop Med 2019; 2019:9281605. [PMID: 31467567 PMCID: PMC6699403 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9281605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is in the collectin family of C-type lectins and plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation and the innate immune defense against pathogens. This protein has been proposed as a biomarker for acute lung injury. However, the expression of SP-D in the lung and the circulating levels of SP-D during malaria infection have received limited attention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the location and expression of the SP-D protein in lung tissue and to measure the plasma level of SP-D in experimental malaria-associated acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). Malaria-infected mice induced by Plasmodium berghei ANKA were classified into two groups, namely, the ALI/ARDS and non-ALI/ARDS groups, according to lung histopathology. The lungs of uninfected mice were used as a control group. The location and expression of SP-D in the lung tissues were investigated by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis. In addition, the level of SP-D in plasma and lung homogenate was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunohistochemical staining of SP-D was significantly increased in the lung tissues of the malaria-infected mice in the ALI/ARDS group compared with that in the malaria-infected mice in the non-ALI/ARDS group and the mice in the control group (p < 0.05). The levels of SP-D in the plasma and lung homogenate were significantly increased in the malaria-infected mice in the ALI/ARDS group compared with those in the malaria-infected mice in the non-ALI/ARDS group and the mice in the control group (p < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between SP-D in the plasma and SP-D in the lung homogenate (r s = 0.900, p = 0.037). In conclusion, this study demonstrated increased expression levels of SP-D in the lung tissue and high levels of plasma SP-D in the malaria-infected mice with ALI/ARDS compared with those in the mice in the other groups. The current study supports that the elevation of the plasma SP-D level may provide useful biological confirmation of the diagnosis of ALI/ARDS during malaria infection.
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23
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Tsai SH, Huang PH, Tsai HY, Hsu YJ, Chen YW, Wang JC, Chen YH, Lin SJ. Roles of the hypoximir microRNA-424/322 in acute hypoxia and hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular leakage. FASEB J 2019; 33:12565-12575. [PMID: 31461385 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900564rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute mountain sickness (AMS) occurs in up to 25% of unacclimatized persons who ascend to 3000 m and can result in high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). MicroRNAs (miRs) can regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Hypoxia selectively disrupts endothelial tight junction complexes through a hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)-dependent mechanism. Though increased HIF-1α expression is associated with adaptation and protection from AMS development in the early stage of hypoxia, a downstream effector of HIF-1α, VEGF, can induce overzealous endothelial barrier dysfunction, increase vascular permeability, and ultimately result in HAPE and high-altitude cerebral edema. We hypothesized that the fine-tuning of downstream effectors by miRs is paramount for the preservation of endothelial barrier integrity and the prevention of vascular leakage. We found that several miRs were up-regulated in healthy volunteers who were subjected to a 3100-m height. By reviewing the literature and using online bioinformatics prediction software, we specifically selected miR-424 for further investigation because it can modulate both HIF-1α and VEGF. Hypoxia-induced miR-424 overexpression is HIF-1α dependent, and miR-424 stabilized HIF-1α, decreased VEGF expression, and promoted vascular endothelial cadherin phosphorylation. In addition, hypoxia resulted in endothelial barrier dysfunction with increased permeability; miR-424 thus attenuated hypoxia-induced endothelial cell senescence and apoptosis. miR-322 knockout mice were susceptible to hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular leakage. miR-322 mimics improved hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular leakage in vivo. We conclude that several miRs were up-regulated in healthy adult volunteers subjected to hypobaric hypoxemia. miR-424/322 could modulate the HIF-1α-VEGF axis and prevent hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular leakage under hypoxic conditions.-Tsai, S.-H., Huang, P.-H., Tsai, H.-Y., Hsu, Y.-J., Chen, Y.-W., Wang, J.-C., Chen, Y.-H., Lin, S.-J. Roles of the hypoximir microRNA-424/322 in acute hypoxia and hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hung Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ya Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Juei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Chen
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chun Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsin Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Healthcare and Services Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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24
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Ohno T, Miyasaka Y, Kuga M, Ushida K, Matsushima M, Kawabe T, Kikkawa Y, Mizuno M, Takahashi M. Mouse NC/Jic strain provides novel insights into host genetic factors for malaria research. Exp Anim 2019; 68:243-255. [PMID: 30880305 PMCID: PMC6699971 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.18-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites and is one of the most
life-threatening infectious diseases in humans. Infection can result in severe
complications such as cerebral malaria, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress
syndrome, and acute renal injury. These complications are mainly caused by P.
falciparum infection and are major causes of death associated with malaria.
There are a few species of rodent-infective malaria parasites, and mice infected with such
parasites are now widely used for screening candidate drugs and vaccines and for studying
host immune responses and pathogenesis associated with disease-related complications. We
found that mice of the NC/Jic strain infected with rodent malarial parasites exhibit
distinctive disease-related complications such as cerebral malaria and nephrotic syndrome,
in addition to a rapid increase in parasitemia. Here, we focus on the analysis of host
genetic factors that affect malarial pathogenesis and describe the characteristic
features, utility, and future prospects for exploitation of the NC/Jic strain as a novel
mouse model for malaria research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamio Ohno
- Division of Experimental Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyasaka
- Division of Experimental Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masako Kuga
- Division of Experimental Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kaori Ushida
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Miyoko Matsushima
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 1-1-20 Daikou-minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kawabe
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 1-1-20 Daikou-minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kikkawa
- Mammalian Genetics Project, Department of Genome Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizuno
- Renal Replacement Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
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25
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Pereira MLM, Marinho CRF, Epiphanio S. Could Heme Oxygenase-1 Be a New Target for Therapeutic Intervention in Malaria-Associated Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:161. [PMID: 29868517 PMCID: PMC5964746 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a serious disease and was responsible for 429,000 deaths in 2015. Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is one of the main clinical complications of severe malaria; it is characterized by a high mortality rate and can even occur after antimalarial treatment when parasitemia is not detected. Rodent models of ALI/ARDS show similar clinical signs as in humans when the rodents are infected with murine Plasmodium. In these models, it was shown that the induction of the enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is protective against severe malaria complications, including cerebral malaria and ALI/ARDS. Increased lung endothelial permeability and upregulation of VEGF and other pro-inflammatory cytokines were found to be associated with malaria-associated ALI/ARDS (MA-ALI/ARDS), and both were reduced after HO-1 induction. Additionally, mice were protected against MA-ALI/ARDS after treatment with carbon monoxide- releasing molecules or with carbon monoxide, which is also released by the HO-1 activity. However, high HO-1 levels in inflammatory cells were associated with the respiratory burst of neutrophils and with an intensification of inflammation during episodes of severe malaria in humans. Here, we review the main aspects of HO-1 in malaria and ALI/ARDS, presenting the dual role of HO-1 and possibilities for therapeutic intervention by modulating this important enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo L M Pereira
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio R F Marinho
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Vandermosten L, Pham TT, Possemiers H, Knoops S, Van Herck E, Deckers J, Franke-Fayard B, Lamb TJ, Janse CJ, Opdenakker G, Van den Steen PE. Experimental malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome is dependent on the parasite-host combination and coincides with normocyte invasion. Malar J 2018; 17:102. [PMID: 29506544 PMCID: PMC5839036 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS) is a complication of malaria with a lethality rate of up to 80% despite anti-malarial treatment. It is characterized by a vast infiltration of leukocytes, microhaemorrhages and vasogenic oedema in the lungs. Previously, a mouse model for MA-ARDS was developed by infection of C57BL/6 mice with the Edinburgh line NK65-E of Plasmodium berghei. Results Here, both host and parasite factors were demonstrated to play crucial roles in the development and severity of lung pathology. In particular, the genetic constitution of the host was an important determinant in the development of MA-ARDS. Both male and female C57BL/6, but not BALB/c, mice developed MA-ARDS when infected with P. berghei NK65-E. However, the New York line of P. berghei NK65 (NK65-NY) did not induce demonstrable MA-ARDS, despite its accumulation in the lungs and fat tissue to a similar or even higher extent as P. berghei NK65-E. These two commonly used lines of P. berghei differ in their red blood cell preference. P. berghei NK65-NY showed a stronger predilection for reticulocytes than P. berghei NK65-E and this appeared to be associated with a lower pathogenicity in the lungs. The pulmonary pathology in the C57BL/6/P. berghei NK65-E model was more pronounced than in the model with infection of DBA/2 mice with P. berghei strain ANKA. The transient lung pathology in DBA/2 mice infected with P. berghei ANKA coincided with the infection phase in which parasites mainly infected normocytes. This phase was followed by a less pathogenic phase in which P. berghei ANKA mainly infected reticulocytes. Conclusions The propensity of mice to develop MA-ARDS during P. berghei infection depends on both host and parasite factors and appears to correlate with RBC preference. These data provide insights in induction of MA-ARDS and may guide the choice of different mouse-parasite combinations to study lung pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Vandermosten
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 1044, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thao-Thy Pham
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 1044, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Possemiers
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 1044, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Knoops
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 1044, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Van Herck
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 1044, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julie Deckers
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 1044, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Blandine Franke-Fayard
- Leiden Malaria Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tracey J Lamb
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, 15 N Medical Drive E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Chris J Janse
- Leiden Malaria Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 1044, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe E Van den Steen
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 1044, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Varo R, Crowley VM, Sitoe A, Madrid L, Serghides L, Kain KC, Bassat Q. Adjunctive therapy for severe malaria: a review and critical appraisal. Malar J 2018; 17:47. [PMID: 29361945 PMCID: PMC5781278 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent efforts and successes in reducing the malaria burden globally, this infection still accounts for an estimated 212 million clinical cases, 2 million severe malaria cases, and approximately 429,000 deaths annually. Even with the routine use of effective anti-malarial drugs, the case fatality rate for severe malaria remains unacceptably high, with cerebral malaria being one of the most life-threatening complications. Up to one-third of cerebral malaria survivors are left with long-term cognitive and neurological deficits. From a population point of view, the decrease of malaria transmission may jeopardize the development of naturally acquired immunity against the infection, leading to fewer total cases, but potentially an increase in severe cases. The pathophysiology of severe and cerebral malaria is not completely understood, but both parasite and host determinants contribute to its onset and outcomes. Adjunctive therapy, based on modulating the host response to infection, could help to improve the outcomes achieved with specific anti-malarial therapy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In the last decades, several interventions targeting different pathways have been tested. However, none of these strategies have demonstrated clear beneficial effects, and some have shown deleterious outcomes. This review aims to summarize evidence from clinical trials testing different adjunctive therapy for severe and cerebral malaria in humans. It also highlights some preclinical studies which have evaluated novel strategies and other candidate therapeutics that may be evaluated in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosauro Varo
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Rua 12, vila da Manhiça, 1929, Maputo, Mozambique.
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Rosselló 132, 5th Floor, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Valerie M Crowley
- S. A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Antonio Sitoe
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Rua 12, vila da Manhiça, 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Lola Madrid
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Rua 12, vila da Manhiça, 1929, Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Rosselló 132, 5th Floor, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lena Serghides
- Toronto General Research Institute (TGRI), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kevin C Kain
- S. A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Tropical Diseases Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, UHN-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Quique Bassat
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Rua 12, vila da Manhiça, 1929, Maputo, Mozambique.
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Rosselló 132, 5th Floor, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (University of Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.
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Pádua TA, Torres ND, Candéa ALP, Costa MFS, Silva JD, Silva‐Filho JL, Costa FTM, Rocco PRM, Souza MC, Henriques MG. Therapeutic effect of Lipoxin A
4
in malaria‐induced acute lung injury. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:657-670. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a1016-435rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A. Pádua
- Laboratory of Applied PharmacologyFarmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT‐IDPN) FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Natalia D. Torres
- Laboratory of Applied PharmacologyFarmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT‐IDPN) FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - André L. P. Candéa
- Laboratory of Applied PharmacologyFarmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT‐IDPN) FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Souza Costa
- Laboratory of Applied PharmacologyFarmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT‐IDPN) FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Johnatas D. Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary InvestigationCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - João Luiz Silva‐Filho
- Laboratory of Tropical Diseases – Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology (IB)University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil
| | - Fabio T. M. Costa
- Laboratory of Tropical Diseases – Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology (IB)University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil
| | - Patricia R. M. Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary InvestigationCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Mariana C. Souza
- Laboratory of Applied PharmacologyFarmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT‐IDPN) FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Maria G. Henriques
- Laboratory of Applied PharmacologyFarmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT‐IDPN) FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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29
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Pham TT, Verheijen M, Vandermosten L, Deroost K, Knoops S, Van den Eynde K, Boon L, Janse CJ, Opdenakker G, Van den Steen PE. Pathogenic CD8 + T Cells Cause Increased Levels of VEGF-A in Experimental Malaria-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, but Therapeutic VEGFR Inhibition Is Not Effective. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:416. [PMID: 29034214 PMCID: PMC5627041 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a severe disease and kills over 400,000 people each year. Malarial complications are the main cause of death and include cerebral malaria and malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS). Despite antimalarial treatment, lethality rates of MA-ARDS are still between 20 and 80%. Patients develop pulmonary edema with hemorrhages and leukocyte extravasation in the lungs. The vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and the placental growth factor (PlGF) are vascular permeability factors and may be involved in the disruption of the alveolar-capillary membrane, leading to alveolar edema. We demonstrated increased pulmonary VEGF-A and PlGF levels in lungs of mice with experimental MA-ARDS. Depletion of pathogenic CD8+ T cells blocked pulmonary edema and abolished the increase of VEGF-A and PlGF. However, neutralization of VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) with the monoclonal antibody clone DC101 did not decrease pulmonary pathology. The broader spectrum receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib even increased lung pathology. These data suggest that the increase in alveolar VEGF-A and PlGF is not a cause but rather a consequence of the pulmonary pathology in experimental MA-ARDS and that therapeutic inhibition of VEGF receptors is not effective and even contra-indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao-Thy Pham
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Melissa Verheijen
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Vandermosten
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Deroost
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Knoops
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Chris J Janse
- Leiden Malaria Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe E Van den Steen
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
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30
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Lu F, Huang S. The Roles of Mast Cells in Parasitic Protozoan Infections. Front Immunol 2017; 8:363. [PMID: 28428784 PMCID: PMC5382204 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Protozoan parasites such as Plasmodium spp., Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma spp., and Toxoplasma gondii are major causes of parasitic diseases in both humans and animals. The immune system plays a critical role against protozoa, but their immune mechanism remains poorly understood. This highlights the need to investigate the function of immune cells involved in the process of parasite infections and the responses of host immune system to parasite infections. Mast cells (MCs) are known to be central players in allergy and anaphylaxis, and it has been demonstrated that MCs have crucial roles in host defense against a number of different pathogens, including parasites. To date, there are many studies that have examined the interaction of helminth-derived antigens and MCs. As one of the major effector cells, MCs also play an important role in the immune response against some parasitic protozoa, but their role in protozoan infections is, however, less well characterized. Herein, we review the current knowledge about the roles of MCs and their mediators during infections involving highly pathogenic protozoa including Plasmodium spp., Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma spp., and T. gondii. We offer a general review of the data from patients and experimental animal models infected with the aforementioned protozoa, which correlate MCs and MC-derived mediators with exacerbated inflammation and disease progression as well as protection against the parasitic infections in different circumstances. This review updates our current understanding of the roles of MCs during parasitic protozoan infections, and the participation of MCs in parasitic protozoan infections could be of a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Lu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiguang Huang
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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31
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Zin NM, Baba MS, Zainal-Abidin AH, Latip J, Mazlan NW, Edrada-Ebel R. Gancidin W, a potential low-toxicity antimalarial agent isolated from an endophytic Streptomyces SUK10. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:351-363. [PMID: 28223778 PMCID: PMC5308589 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s121283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic Streptomyces strains are potential sources for novel bioactive molecules. In this study, the diketopiperazine gancidin W (GW) was isolated from the endophytic actinobacterial genus Streptomyces, SUK10, obtained from the bark of Shorea ovalis tree, and it was tested in vivo against Plasmodium berghei PZZ1/100. GW exhibited an inhibition rate of nearly 80% at 6.25 and 3.125 μg kg-1 body weight on day four using the 4-day suppression test method on male ICR strain mice. Comparing GW at both concentrations with quinine hydrochloride and normal saline as positive and negative controls, respectively, 50% of the mice treated with 3.125 μg kg-1 body weight managed to survive for more than 11 months after infection, which almost reached the life span of normal mice. Biochemical tests of selected enzymes and proteins in blood samples of mice treated with GW were also within normal levels; in addition, no abnormalities or injuries were found on internal vital organs. These findings indicated that this isolated bioactive compound from Streptomyces SUK10 exhibits very low toxicity and is a good candidate for potential use as an antimalarial agent in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noraziah Mohamad Zin
- Programme of Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
| | - Mohd Shukri Baba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan
| | | | - Jalifah Latip
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi
| | - Noor Wini Mazlan
- Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - RuAngelie Edrada-Ebel
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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32
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Sercundes MK, Ortolan LS, Debone D, Soeiro-Pereira PV, Gomes E, Aitken EH, Neto AC, Russo M, D' Império Lima MR, Alvarez JM, Portugal S, Marinho CRF, Epiphanio S. Targeting Neutrophils to Prevent Malaria-Associated Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Mice. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006054. [PMID: 27926944 PMCID: PMC5142790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains one of the greatest burdens to global health, causing nearly 500,000 deaths in 2014. When manifesting in the lungs, severe malaria causes acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). We have previously shown that a proportion of DBA/2 mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) develop ALI/ARDS and that these mice recapitulate various aspects of the human syndrome, such as pulmonary edema, hemorrhaging, pleural effusion and hypoxemia. Herein, we investigated the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of malaria-associated ALI/ARDS. Mice developing ALI/ARDS showed greater neutrophil accumulation in the lungs compared with mice that did not develop pulmonary complications. In addition, mice with ALI/ARDS produced more neutrophil-attracting chemokines, myeloperoxidase and reactive oxygen species. We also observed that the parasites Plasmodium falciparum and PbA induced the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) ex vivo, which were associated with inflammation and tissue injury. The depletion of neutrophils, treatment with AMD3100 (a CXCR4 antagonist), Pulmozyme (human recombinant DNase) or Sivelestat (inhibitor of neutrophil elastase) decreased the development of malaria-associated ALI/ARDS and significantly increased mouse survival. This study implicates neutrophils and NETs in the genesis of experimentally induced malaria-associated ALI/ARDS and proposes a new therapeutic approach to improve the prognosis of severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K. Sercundes
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana S. Ortolan
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Debone
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eliane Gomes
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth H. Aitken
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Condino Neto
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Momtchilo Russo
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria R. D' Império Lima
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José M. Alvarez
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Portugal
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudio R. F. Marinho
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Association of Heme Oxygenase 1 with Lung Protection in Malaria-Associated ALI/ARDS. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:4158698. [PMID: 27974865 PMCID: PMC5126464 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4158698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a serious disease, caused by the parasite of the genus Plasmodium, which was responsible for 440,000 deaths in 2015. Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is one of the main clinical complications in severe malaria. The murine model DBA/2 reproduces the clinical signs of ALI/ARDS in humans, when infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. High levels of HO-1 were reported in cases of severe malaria. Our data indicated that the HO-1 mRNA and protein expression are increased in mice that develop malaria-associated ALI/ARDS (MA-ALI/ARDS). Additionally, the hemin, a HO-1 inducing drug, prevented mice from developing MA-ALI/ARDS when administered prior to the development of MA-ALI/ARDS in this model. Also, hemin treatment showed an amelioration of respiratory parameters in mice, high VEGF levels in the sera, and a decrease in vascular permeability in the lung, which are signs of ALI/ARDS. Therefore, the induction of HO-1 before the development of MA-ALI/ARDS could be protective. However, the increased expression of HO-1 on the onset of MA-ALI/ARDS development may represent an effort to revert the phenotype of this syndrome by the host. We therefore confirm that HO-1 inducing drugs could be used for prevention of MA-ALI/ARDS in humans.
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35
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Liu J, Huang S, Su XZ, Song J, Lu F. Blockage of Galectin-receptor Interactions by α-lactose Exacerbates Plasmodium berghei-induced Pulmonary Immunopathology. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32024. [PMID: 27554340 PMCID: PMC4995515 DOI: 10.1038/srep32024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria-associated acute lung injury (ALI) is a frequent complication of severe malaria that is often caused by "excessive" immune responses. To better understand the mechanism of ALI in malaria infection, here we investigated the roles of galectin (Gal)-1, 3, 8, 9 and the receptors of Gal-9 (Tim-3, CD44, CD137, and PDI) in malaria-induced ALI. We injected alpha (α)-lactose into mice-infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbANKA) to block galectins and found significantly elevated total proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, higher parasitemia and tissue parasite burden, and increased numbers of CD68(+) alveolar macrophages as well as apoptotic cells in the lungs after blockage. Additionally, mRNA levels of Gal-9, Tim-3, CD44, CD137, and PDI were significantly increased in the lungs at day 5 after infection, and the levels of CD137, IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10 in the lungs were also increased after α-lactose treatment. Similarly, the levels of Gal-9, Tim-3, IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, and IL-10 were all significantly increased in murine peritoneal macrophages co-cultured with PbANKA-infected red blood cells in vitro; but only IFN-α and IFN-β were significantly increased after α-lactose treatment. Our data indicate that Gal-9 interaction with its multiple receptors play an important role in murine malaria-associated ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiguang Huang
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-Zhuan Su
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States of America.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jianping Song
- Institute of Science and Technology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 436 Chentai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510445, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangli Lu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
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de Azevedo-Quintanilha IG, Vieira-de-Abreu A, Ferreira AC, Nascimento DO, Siqueira AM, Campbell RA, Teixeira Ferreira TP, Gutierrez TM, Ribeiro GM, E Silva PMR, Carvalho AR, Bozza PT, Zimmerman GA, Castro-Faria-Neto HC. Integrin αDβ2 (CD11d/CD18) mediates experimental malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS). Malar J 2016; 15:393. [PMID: 27473068 PMCID: PMC4967320 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1447-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS) is a potentially lethal complication of clinical malaria. Acute lung injury in MA-ARDS shares features with ARDS triggered by other causes, including alveolar inflammation and increased alveolar-capillary permeability, leading to leak of protein-rich pulmonary oedema fluid. Mechanisms and physiologic alterations in MA-ARDS can be examined in murine models of this syndrome. Integrin αDβ2 is a member of the leukocyte, or β2 (CD18), sub-family of integrins, and emerging observations indicate that it has important activities in leukocyte adhesion, accumulation and signalling. The goal was to perform analysis of the lungs of mice wild type C57Bl/6 (a D (+/+) ) and Knockout C57Bl/6 (a D (-/-) ) with malaria-associated acute lung injury to better determine the relevancy of the murine models and investigate the mechanism of disease. METHODS C57BL/6 wild type (a D (+/+) ) and deficient for CD11d sub-unit (a D (-/-) ) mice were monitored after infection with 10(5) Plasmodium berghei ANKA. CD11d subunit expression RNA was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction, vascular barrier integrity by Evans blue dye (EBD) exclusion and cytokines by ELISA. Protein and leukocytes were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples. Tissue cellularity was measured by the point-counting technique, F4/80 and VCAM-1 expression by immunohistochemistry. Respiratory function was analysed by non-invasive BUXCO and mechanical ventilation. RESULTS Alveolar inflammation, vascular and interstitial accumulation of monocytes and macrophages, and disrupted alveolar-capillary barrier function with exudation of protein-rich pulmonary oedema fluid were present in P. berghei-infected wild type mice and were improved in αDβ2-deficient animals. Key pro-inflammatory cytokines were also decreased in lung tissue from α D (-/-) mice, providing a mechanistic explanation for reduced alveolar-capillary inflammation and leak. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that αDβ2 is an important inflammatory effector molecule in P. berghei-induced MA-ARDS, and that leukocyte integrins regulate critical inflammatory and pathophysiologic events in this model of complicated malaria. Genetic deletion of integrin subunit αD in mice, leading to deficiency of integrin αDβ2, alters lung inflammation and acute lung injury in a mouse model of MA-ARDS caused by P. berghei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaclaudia G de Azevedo-Quintanilha
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Vieira-de-Abreu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - André Costa Ferreira
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Daniele O Nascimento
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandra M Siqueira
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Robert A Campbell
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tatiana P Teixeira Ferreira
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana M Gutierrez
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel M Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Engenharia Pulmonar no Programa de Engenharia Biomédica, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia-COPPE/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia M R E Silva
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alysson R Carvalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia da Respiração, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Guy A Zimmerman
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hugo C Castro-Faria-Neto
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Ozório de Almeida, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil.,Programa de Produtividade Científica, Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Stolt C, Schmidt IHE, Sayfart Y, Steinmetz I, Bast A. Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide PromoteBurkholderia pseudomalleiInfection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:834-46. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Liu M, Dickinson-Copeland C, Hassana S, Stiles JK. Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes (pRBC) induce endothelial cell apoptosis via a heme-mediated signaling pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:1009-18. [PMID: 27042002 PMCID: PMC4780719 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s96863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Heme is cytotoxic to the plasmodium parasite, which converts it to an insoluble crystalline form called hemozoin (malaria pigment) in erythrocytes during replication. The increased serum levels of free heme cause tissue damage, activation of microvascular endothelial and glial cells, focal inflammation, activation of apoptotic pathways, and neuronal tissue damage. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain how these causative factors exacerbate fatal malaria. However, none of them fully explain the detailed mechanisms leading to the high morbidity and mortality associated with malaria. We have previously reported that heme-induced brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBVEC) apoptosis is a major contributor to severe malaria pathogenesis. Here, we hypothesized that heme (at clinically relevant levels) induces inflammation and apoptosis in HBVEC, a process that is mediated by independent proinflammatory and proapoptotic signaling pathways. In this study, we determined the key signaling molecules associated with heme-mediated apoptosis in HBVEC in vitro using RT2 profiler polymerase chain reaction array technology and confirmed results using immunostaining techniques. While several expressed genes in HBVEC were altered upon heme stimulation, we determined that the apoptotic effects of heme were mediated through p73 (tumor protein p73). The results provide an opportunity to target heme-mediated apoptosis therapeutically in malaria-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carmen Dickinson-Copeland
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Salifu Hassana
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan K Stiles
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Langhorne J, Duffy PE. Expanding the antimalarial toolkit: Targeting host-parasite interactions. J Exp Med 2016; 213:143-53. [PMID: 26834158 PMCID: PMC4749928 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent successes in malaria control are threatened by drug-resistant Plasmodium parasites and insecticide-resistant Anopheles mosquitoes, and first generation vaccines offer only partial protection. New research approaches have highlighted host as well as parasite molecules or pathways that could be targeted for interventions. In this study, we discuss host–parasite interactions at the different stages of the Plasmodium life cycle within the mammalian host and the potential for therapeutics that prevent parasite migration, invasion, intracellular growth, or egress from host cells, as well as parasite-induced pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Langhorne
- Mill Hill Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW7 1AA, England, UK
| | - Patrick E Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
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Enolase of Streptococcus Suis Serotype 2 Enhances Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability by Inducing IL-8 Release. Inflammation 2016; 39:718-26. [PMID: 26732390 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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41
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CAHAYANI WA, NORAHMAWATI E, BUDIARTI N, FITRI LE. Increased CD11b and Hypoxia-Inducible Factors-1alpha Expressions in the Lung Tissue and Surfactant Protein-D Levels in Serum Are Related with Acute Lung Injury in Severe Malaria of C57BL/6 Mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2016; 11:303-315. [PMID: 28127335 PMCID: PMC5256046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to reveal the role of CD11b and hypoxia-inducible factors-1alpha (HIF-1α) expressions on monocytes and alveolar macrophages of lung tissue, and the levels of serum surfactant protein-D (SP-D) in severe malaria-associated acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS The C57BL/6 mice were divided into control group, renal malaria group (inoculated with 106Plasmodium berghei ANKA), and cerebral malaria group (inoculated with 107P. berghei ANKA). The expressions of CD11b and HIF-1α in lung tissue were observed by immunohistochemistry, and serum SP-D levels were measured by ELISA. This study was conducted from June 2014 to February 2015 in the Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. RESULTS The CD11b expression on pulmonary tissue of renal and cerebral malaria mice were significantly higher than control mice (P=0.002; P=0.002), as well as the HIF-1α expression on pulmonary tissue (P=0.002; P=0.002). The level of serum SP-D in renal malaria and cerebral malaria mice were significantly higher than control mice (P=0.002; P=0.002). We found a strong correlation between the expression of CD11b and HIF-1α in lung tissue (r=0.937, P=0.000), as well as between CD11b expression and serum SP-D levels (r=0.907, P=0.000) and between HIF-1α expression and serum SP-D levels (r=0.913, P=0.000). CONCLUSION Severe malaria-associated ALI increased the expression of CD11b and HIF-1α in the lung tissue and increased serum SP-D levels of C57BL/6 mice significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wike Astrid CAHAYANI
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Eviana NORAHMAWATI
- Dept. of Anatomic Pathology, Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Niniek BUDIARTI
- Division of Tropical Infection, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Loeki Enggar FITRI
- Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia,Correspondence
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Deroost K, Pham TT, Opdenakker G, Van den Steen PE. The immunological balance between host and parasite in malaria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2015; 40:208-57. [PMID: 26657789 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuv046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coevolution of humans and malaria parasites has generated an intricate balance between the immune system of the host and virulence factors of the parasite, equilibrating maximal parasite transmission with limited host damage. Focusing on the blood stage of the disease, we discuss how the balance between anti-parasite immunity versus immunomodulatory and evasion mechanisms of the parasite may result in parasite clearance or chronic infection without major symptoms, whereas imbalances characterized by excessive parasite growth, exaggerated immune reactions or a combination of both cause severe pathology and death, which is detrimental for both parasite and host. A thorough understanding of the immunological balance of malaria and its relation to other physiological balances in the body is of crucial importance for developing effective interventions to reduce malaria-related morbidity and to diminish fatal outcomes due to severe complications. Therefore, we discuss in this review the detailed mechanisms of anti-malarial immunity, parasite virulence factors including immune evasion mechanisms and pathogenesis. Furthermore, we propose a comprehensive classification of malaria complications according to the different types of imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Deroost
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, NW71AA, UK
| | - Thao-Thy Pham
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe E Van den Steen
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Scaccabarozzi D, Deroost K, Lays N, Omodeo Salè F, Van den Steen PE, Taramelli D. Altered Lipid Composition of Surfactant and Lung Tissue in Murine Experimental Malaria-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143195. [PMID: 26624290 PMCID: PMC4666673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria-associated acute lung injury (MA-ALI) and its more severe form malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS) are common, often fatal complications of severe malaria infections. However, little is known about their pathogenesis. In this study, biochemical alterations of the lipid composition of the lungs were investigated as possible contributing factors to the severity of murine MA-ALI/ARDS. C57BL/6J mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65 to induce lethal MA-ARDS, or with Plasmodium chabaudi AS, a parasite strain that does not induce lung pathology. The lipid profile of the lung tissue from mice infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65 developing MA-ALI/ARDS, but not that from mice without lung pathology or controls, was characterized by high levels of phospholipids -mainly phosphatidylcholine- and esterified cholesterol. The high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the linoleic/oleic fatty acid ratio of the latter reflect the fatty acid composition of plasma cholesterol esters. In spite of the increased total polyunsaturated fatty acid pool, which augments the relative oxidability of the lung membranes, and the presence of hemozoin, a known pro-oxidant, no excess oxidative stress was detected in the lungs of Plasmodium berghei NK65 infected mice. The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of Plasmodium berghei NK65 infected mice was characterized by high levels of plasma proteins. The phospholipid profile of BAL large and small aggregate fractions was also different from uninfected controls, with a significant increase in the amounts of sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine and the decrease in phosphatidylglycerol. Both the increase of proteins and lysophosphatidylcholine are known to decrease the intrinsic surface activity of surfactant. Together, these data indicate that an altered lipid composition of lung tissue and BAL fluid, partially ascribed to oedema and lipoprotein infiltration, is a characteristic feature of murine MA-ALI/ARDS and possibly contribute to lung dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Scaccabarozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Katrien Deroost
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natacha Lays
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fausta Omodeo Salè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Donatella Taramelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Ampawong S, Chaisri U, Viriyavejakul P, Prapansilp P, Grau GE, Turner GDH, Pongponratn E. A potential role for interleukin-33 and γ-epithelium sodium channel in the pathogenesis of human malaria associated lung injury. Malar J 2015; 14:389. [PMID: 26437894 PMCID: PMC4595310 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of pulmonary oedema (PE) in patients with severe malaria is still unclear. It has been hypothesized that lung injury depends, in addition to microvascular obstruction, on an increased pulmonary capillary pressure and altered alveolar-capillary membrane permeability, causing pulmonary fluid accumulation. Methods This study compared the histopathological features of lung injury in Southeast Asian patients (n = 43) who died from severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria, and correlated these with clinical history in groups with or without PE. To investigate the expression of mediators that may influence fluid accumulation in PE, immunohistochemistry and image analysis were performed on controls and sub-sets of patient with or without PE. Results The expression of leukocyte sub-set antigens, bronchial interleukin (IL)-33, γ-epithelium sodium channel (ENaC), aquaporin (AQP)-1 and -5, and control cytokeratin staining was quantified in the lung tissue of severe malaria patients. Bronchial IL-33 expression was significantly increased in severe malaria patients with PE. Malaria patients with shock showed significantly increased bronchial IL-33 compare to other clinical manifestations. Bronchial IL-33 levels were positively correlated with CD68+ monocyte and elastase + neutrophil, septal congestion and hyaline membrane formation. Moreover, the expression of both vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and bronchial γ-ENaC significantly decreased in severe malaria patients with PE. Both VSMC and bronchial γ-ENaC were negatively correlated with the degree of parasitized erythrocyte sequestration, alveolar thickness, alveolar expansion score, septal congestion score, and malarial pigment score. In contrast AQP-1 and -5 and pan cytokeratin levels were similar between groups. Conclusions The results suggest that IL-33 may play a role in lung injury during severe malaria and lead to PE. Both VSMC and bronchial γ-ENaC downregulation may explain pulmonary fluid disturbances and participate in PE pathogenesis in severe malaria patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Urai Chaisri
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Parnpen Viriyavejakul
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Panote Prapansilp
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Georges E Grau
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Parramatta Road, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Gareth D H Turner
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
| | - Emsri Pongponratn
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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BAKIR H, YONES D, GALAL L, HUSEEIN E. Resistance and Susceptibility to Malarial Infection: A Host Defense Strategy against Malaria. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2015; 10:638-47. [PMID: 26811732 PMCID: PMC4724842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an effort to understand what limits the virulence of malaria parasites in relation to the host genetic and immunogenic background, we investigated the possibility that the parasite and host genotype crossover interactions constrain virulence. METHODS Two groups of mice from different genotypes were used (C57BL/6 (B6) and DBA/2 mice). The mice were infected with a virulent parasite line Plasmodium yoelii 17XL (P. yoelii 17XL). Parasitemia, hematocrit value and lymphocytes yielded by livers and spleens were evaluated. Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) analysis illustrated phenotypic characterization of lymphocytes. RESULTS Infection with P. yoelii 17XL did not result in the death of DBA/2 mice. In contrast, B6 mice developed significantly high parasitemia and succumbed to death. Using (FACS) analysis, DBA/2 mice were found to experience a marked expansion of interleukin (IL)-2Rβ(+) CD3(int) cells and γδ T cells in the liver, especially in the recovery phase. The expansion of unconventional T cells (i.e. B220(+) T cells) was also marked in DBA/2 mice. CONCLUSION The outcome of murine malaria infections depends on the dynamic interplay between the immune-mediator and the genotype of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa BAKIR
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Doaa YONES
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Lamia GALAL
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Enas HUSEEIN
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Endothelial-Leukocyte Interaction in Severe Malaria: Beyond the Brain. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:168937. [PMID: 26491221 PMCID: PMC4605361 DOI: 10.1155/2015/168937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is the most important parasitic disease worldwide, accounting for 1 million deaths each year. Severe malaria is a systemic illness characterized by dysfunction of brain tissue and of one or more peripheral organs as lungs and kidney. The most severe and most studied form of malaria is associated with cerebral complications due to capillary congestion and the adhesion of infected erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes to brain vasculature. Thus, leukocyte rolling and adhesion in the brain vascular bed during severe malaria is singular and distinct from other models of inflammation. The leukocyte/endothelium interaction and neutrophil accumulation are also observed in the lungs. However, lung interactions differ from brain interactions, likely due to differences in the blood-brain barrier and blood-air barrier tight junction composition of the brain and lung endothelium. Here, we review the importance of endothelial dysfunction and the mechanism of leukocyte/endothelium interaction during severe malaria. Furthermore, we hypothesize a possible use of adjunctive therapies to antimalarial drugs that target the interaction between the leukocytes and the endothelium.
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Souza MC, Silva JD, Pádua TA, Torres ND, Antunes MA, Xisto DG, Abreu TP, Capelozzi VL, Morales MM, Sá Pinheiro AA, Caruso-Neves C, Henriques MG, Rocco PRM. Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy attenuated lung and kidney injury but not brain damage in experimental cerebral malaria. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:102. [PMID: 25998168 PMCID: PMC4462088 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Malaria is the most relevant parasitic disease worldwide, and still accounts for 1 million deaths each year. Since current antimalarial drugs are unable to prevent death in severe cases, new therapeutic strategies have been developed. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) confer host resistance against malaria; however, thus far, no study has evaluated the therapeutic effects of MSC therapy on brain and distal organ damage in experimental cerebral malaria. Methods Forty C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with 5 × 106Plasmodium berghei-infected erythrocytes or saline. After 24 h, mice received saline or bone marrow (BM)-derived MSC (1x105) intravenously and were housed individually in metabolic cages. After 4 days, lung and kidney morphofunction; cerebrum, spleen, and liver histology; and markers associated with inflammation, fibrogenesis, and epithelial and endothelial cell damage in lung tissue were analyzed. Results In P. berghei-infected mice, BM-MSCs: 1) reduced parasitemia and mortality; 2) increased phagocytic neutrophil content in brain, even though BM-MSCs did not affect the inflammatory process; 3) decreased malaria pigment detection in spleen, liver, and kidney; 4) reduced hepatocyte derangement, with an increased number of Kupffer cells; 5) decreased kidney damage, without effecting significant changes in serum creatinine levels or urinary flow; and 6) reduced neutrophil infiltration, interstitial edema, number of myofibroblasts within interstitial tissue, and collagen deposition in lungs, resulting in decreased lung static elastance. These morphological and functional changes were not associated with changes in levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC, a mouse analog of interleukin-8), or interferon-γ, which remained increased and similar to those of P. berghei animals treated with saline. BM-MSCs increased hepatocyte growth factor but decreased VEGF in the P. berghei group. Conclusions BM-MSC treatment increased survival and reduced parasitemia and malaria pigment accumulation in spleen, liver, kidney, and lung, but not in brain. The two main organs associated with worse prognosis in malaria, lung and kidney, sustained less histological damage after BM-MSC therapy, with a more pronounced improvement in lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Souza
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, CEP-21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Johnatas D Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 Bloco G, Cidade Universitária, CEP-21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana A Pádua
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, CEP-21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Natália D Torres
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, CEP-21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Mariana A Antunes
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 Bloco G, Cidade Universitária, CEP-21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Debora G Xisto
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 Bloco G, Cidade Universitária, CEP-21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Thiago P Abreu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Signaling, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 Bloco G, Cidade Universitária, CEP-21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Vera L Capelozzi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Cerqueira César, CEP-01246903, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo M Morales
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 Bloco G, Cidade Universitária, CEP-21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Ana A Sá Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Signaling, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 Bloco G, Cidade Universitária, CEP-21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Celso Caruso-Neves
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Signaling, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 Bloco G, Cidade Universitária, CEP-21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Maria G Henriques
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, CEP-21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Av Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, CEP-21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 Bloco G, Cidade Universitária, CEP-21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Quadros Gomes BA, da Silva LFD, Quadros Gomes AR, Moreira DR, Dolabela MF, Santos RS, Green MD, Carvalho EP, Percário S. N-acetyl cysteine and mushroom Agaricus sylvaticus supplementation decreased parasitaemia and pulmonary oxidative stress in a mice model of malaria. Malar J 2015; 14:202. [PMID: 25971771 PMCID: PMC4435846 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria infection can cause high oxidative stress, which could lead to the development of severe forms of malaria, such as pulmonary malaria. In recent years, the role of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of the disease has been discussed, as well as the potential benefit of antioxidants supplementation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or mushroom Agaricus sylvaticus supplementation on the pulmonary oxidative changes in an experimental model of malaria caused by Plasmodium berghei strain ANKA. Methods Swiss male mice were infected with P. berghei and treated with NAC or AS. Samples of lung tissue and whole blood were collected after one, three, five, seven or ten days of infection for the assessment of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), nitrites and nitrates (NN) and to assess the degree of parasitaemia. Results Although parasitaemia increased progressively with the evolution of the disease in all infected groups, there was a significant decrease from the seventh to the tenth day of infection in both antioxidant-supplemented groups. Results showed significant higher levels of TEAC in both supplemented groups, the highest occurring in the group supplemented with A. sylvaticus. In parallel, TBARS showed similar levels among all groups, while levels of NN were higher in animals supplemented with NAC in relation to the positive control groups and A. sylvaticus, whose levels were similar to the negative control group. Conclusion Oxidative stress arising from plasmodial infection was attenuated by supplementation of both antioxidants, but A. sylvaticus proved to be more effective and has the potential to become an important tool in the adjuvant therapy of malaria. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0717-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno A Quadros Gomes
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Lucio F D da Silva
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Antonio R Quadros Gomes
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Danilo R Moreira
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Maria Fani Dolabela
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Rogério S Santos
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Michael D Green
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Mailstop G49, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Eliete P Carvalho
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Sandro Percário
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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Predictive criteria to study the pathogenesis of malaria-associated ALI/ARDS in mice. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:872464. [PMID: 25276057 PMCID: PMC4167651 DOI: 10.1155/2014/872464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria-associated acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) often results in morbidity and mortality. Murine models to study malaria-associated ALI/ARDS have been described; we still lack a method of distinguishing which mice will develop ALI/ARDS before death. This work aimed to characterize malaria-associated ALI/ARDS in a murine model and to demonstrate the first method to predict whether mice are suffering from ALI/ARDS before death. DBA/2 mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA developing ALI/ARDS or hyperparasitemia (HP) were compared using histopathology, PaO2 measurement, pulmonary X-ray, breathing capacity, lung permeability, and serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels according to either the day of death or the suggested predictive criteria. We proposed a model to predict malaria-associated ALI/ARDS using breathing patterns (enhanced pause and frequency respiration) and parasitemia as predictive criteria from mice whose cause of death was known to retrospectively diagnose the sacrificed mice as likely to die of ALI/ARDS as early as 7 days after infection. Using this method, we showed increased VEGF levels and increased lung permeability in mice predicted to die of ALI/ARDS. This proposed method for accurately identifying mice suffering from ALI/ARDS before death will enable the use of this model to study the pathogenesis of this disease.
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50
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Gun SY, Claser C, Tan KSW, Rénia L. Interferons and interferon regulatory factors in malaria. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:243713. [PMID: 25157202 PMCID: PMC4124246 DOI: 10.1155/2014/243713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most serious infectious diseases in humans and responsible for approximately 500 million clinical cases and 500 thousand deaths annually. Acquired adaptive immune responses control parasite replication and infection-induced pathologies. Most infections are clinically silent which reflects on the ability of adaptive immune mechanisms to prevent the disease. However, a minority of these can become severe and life-threatening, manifesting a range of overlapping syndromes of complex origins which could be induced by uncontrolled immune responses. Major players of the innate and adaptive responses are interferons. Here, we review their roles and the signaling pathways involved in their production and protection against infection and induced immunopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Yee Gun
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138648
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Carla Claser
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138648
| | - Kevin Shyong Wei Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138648
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
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