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Lemke MD, Abate AN, Woodson JD. Investigating the mechanism of chloroplast singlet oxygen signaling in the Arabidopsis thaliana accelerated cell death 2 mutant. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2347783. [PMID: 38699898 PMCID: PMC11073415 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2347783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants have evolved complex signaling mechanisms to sense stress and acclimate. This includes the use of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during dysfunctional photosynthesis to initiate signaling. One such ROS, singlet oxygen (1O2), can trigger retrograde signaling, chloroplast degradation, and programmed cell death. However, the signaling mechanisms are largely unknown. Several proteins (e.g. PUB4, OXI1, EX1) are proposed to play signaling roles across three Arabidopsis thaliana mutants that conditionally accumulate chloroplast 1O2 (fluorescent in blue light (flu), chlorina 1 (ch1), and plastid ferrochelatase 2 (fc2)). We previously demonstrated that these mutants reveal at least two chloroplast 1O2 signaling pathways (represented by flu and fc2/ch1). Here, we test if the 1O2-accumulating lesion mimic mutant, accelerated cell death 2 (acd2), also utilizes these pathways. The pub4-6 allele delayed lesion formation in acd2 and restored photosynthetic efficiency and biomass. Conversely, an oxi1 mutation had no measurable effect on these phenotypes. acd2 mutants were not sensitive to excess light (EL) stress, yet pub4-6 and oxi1 both conferred EL tolerance within the acd2 background, suggesting that EL-induced 1O2 signaling pathways are independent from spontaneous lesion formation. Thus, 1O2 signaling in acd2 may represent a third (partially overlapping) pathway to control cellular degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Lemke
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Alexa N. Abate
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jesse D. Woodson
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Han J, Liu CX, Liu J, Wang CR, Wang SC, Miao G. AGC kinases OXI1 and AGC2-2 regulate camalexin secretion and disease resistance by phosphorylating transporter PDR6. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1835-1850. [PMID: 38535832 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Plant transporters regulating the distribution of secondary metabolites play critical roles in defending against pathogens, insects, and interacting with beneficial microbes. The phosphorylation of these transporters can alter their activity, stability, and intracellular protein trafficking. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying this modification remains elusive. In this study, we discovered two orthologs of mammalian PKA, PKG, and PKC (AGC) kinases, oxidative signal-inducible 1 (OXI1) and its closest homologue, AGC subclass 2 member 2 (AGC2-2; 75% amino acid sequence identity with OXI1), associated with the extracellular secretion of camalexin and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resistance to Pseudomonas syringae, and Botrytis cinerea. These kinases can undergo in vitro kinase reactions with three pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) transporters: PDR6, PDR8, and PDR12. Moreover, our investigation confirmed PDR6 interaction with OXI1 and AGC2-2. By performing LC-MS/MS and parallel reaction monitoring, we identified the phosphorylation sites on PDR6 targeted by these kinases. Notably, chitin-induced PDR6 phosphorylation at specific residues, namely S31, S33, S827, and T832. Additional insights emerged by expressing dephosphorylated PDR6 variants in a pdr6 mutant background, revealing that the target residues S31, S33, and S827 promote PDR6 efflux activity, while T832 potentially contributes to PDR6 stability within the plasma membrane. The findings of this study elucidate partial mechanisms involved in the activity regulation of PDR-type transporters, providing valuable insights for their potential application in future plant breeding endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Han
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
- Institute of Digital Ecology and Health, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
| | - Chang-Xin Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
| | - Cheng-Run Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource and Environmental Biotechnology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
| | - Shun-Chang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource and Environmental Biotechnology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
| | - Guopeng Miao
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource and Environmental Biotechnology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
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Ren QW, Liu TY, Lan HJ, Li ZC, Huang MJ, Zhao YT, Chen Y, Liao LN, Ma XH, Liu JZ. Partially knocking out NtPDK1a/1b/1c/1d simultaneously in Nicotiana tabacum using CRISPR/CAS9 technology results in auxin-related developmental defects. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 343:112057. [PMID: 38460553 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The eukaryotic AGC protein kinase subfamily (protein kinase A/ protein kinase G/ protein kinase C-family) is involved in regulating numerous biological processes across kingdoms, including growth and development, and apoptosis. PDK1(3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase in eukaryotes, which is both a member of AGC kinase and a major regulator of many other downstream AGC protein kinase family members. Although extensively investigated in model plant Arabidopsis, detailed reports for tobacco PDK1s have been limited. To better understand the functions of PDK1s in tobacco, CRISPR/CAS9 transgenic lines were generated in tetraploid N. tabacum, cv. Samsun (NN) with 5-7 of the 8 copies of 4 homologous PDK1 genes in tobacco genome (NtPDK1a/1b/1c/1d homologs) simultaneously knocked out. Numerous developmental defects were observed in these NtPDK1a/1b/1c/1d CRISPR/CAS9 lines, including cotyledon fusion leaf shrinkage, uneven distribution of leaf veins, convex veins, root growth retardation, and reduced fertility, all of which reminiscence of impaired polar auxin transport. The severity of these defects was correlated with the number of knocked out alleles of NtPDK1a/1b/1c/1d. Consistent with the observation in Arabidopsis, it was found that the polar auxin transport, and not auxin biosynthesis, was significantly compromised in these knockout lines compared with the wild type tobacco plants. The fact that no homozygous plant with all 8 NtPDK1a/1b/1c/1d alleles being knocked out suggested that knocking out 8 alleles of NtPDK1a/1b/1c/1d could be lethal. In conclusion, our results indicated that NtPDK1s are versatile AGC kinases that participate in regulation of tobacco growth and development via modulating polar auxin transport. Our results also indicated that CRISPR/CAS9 technology is a powerful tool in resolving gene redundancy in polyploidy plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Wei Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Tian-Yao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Hu-Jiao Lan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Zhen-Chao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Min-Jun Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Ya-Ting Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Li-Na Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Xiao-Han Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China.
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4
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Sehar S, Adil MF, Askri SMH, Dennis E, Faizan M, Zhao P, Zhou F, Shamsi IH. Nutrient and mycoremediation of a global menace 'arsenic': exploring the prospects of phosphorus and Serendipita indica-based mitigation strategies in rice and other crops. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:90. [PMID: 38466444 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Serendipita indica induced metabolic reprogramming in colonized plants complements phosphorus-management in improving their tolerance to arsenic stress on multifaceted biological fronts. Restoration of the anthropic damage done to our environment is inextricably linked to devising strategies that are not only economically sound but are self-renewing and ecologically conscious. The dilemma of heavy metal (HM) dietary ingestion, especially arsenic (As), faced by humans and animals alike, necessitates the exploitation of such technologies and the cultivation of healthy and abundant crops. The remarkable symbiotic alliance between plants and 'mycorrhizas' has evolved across eons, benefiting growth/yield aspects as well as imparting abiotic/biotic stress tolerance. The intricate interdependence of Serendipita indica (S. indica) and rice plant reportedly reduce As accumulation, accentuating the interest of microbiologists, agriculturists, and ecotoxicological scientists apropos of the remediation mechanisms of As in the soil-AMF-rice system. Nutrient management, particularly of phosphorus (P), is also praised for mitigating As phytotoxicity by deterring the uptake of As molecules due to the rhizospheric cationic competition. Taking into consideration the reasonable prospects of success in minimizing As acquisition by rice plants, this review focuses on the physiological, metabolic, and transcriptional alterations underlying S. indica symbiosis, recuperation of As stress together with nutritional management of P by gathering case studies and presenting successful paradigms. Weaving together a volume of literature, we assess the chemical forms of As and related transport pathways, discuss As-P-rice interaction and the significance of fungi in As toxicity mitigation, predominantly the role of mycorrhiza, as well as survey of the multifaceted impacts of S. indica on plants. A potential strategy for simultaneous S. indica + P administration in paddy fields is proposed, followed by future research orientation to expand theoretic comprehension and encourage field-based implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafaque Sehar
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Faheem Adil
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Syed Muhammad Hassan Askri
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Elvis Dennis
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- School of Natural Resources, Department of Agriculture, Papua New Guinea University of Natural Resources and Environment, Kokopo, ENBP 613, Papua New Guinea
| | - Mohammad Faizan
- Botany Section, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Fanrui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Imran Haider Shamsi
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Toppo P, Kagatay LL, Gurung A, Singla P, Chakraborty R, Roy S, Mathur P. Endophytic fungi mediates production of bioactive secondary metabolites via modulation of genes involved in key metabolic pathways and their contribution in different biotechnological sector. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:191. [PMID: 37197561 PMCID: PMC10183385 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03605-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi stimulate the production of an enormous number of bioactive metabolites in medicinal plants and affect the different steps of biosynthetic pathways of these secondary metabolites. Endophytic fungi possess a number of biosynthetic gene clusters that possess genes for various enzymes, transcription factors, etc., in their genome responsible for the production of secondary metabolites. Additionally, endophytic fungi also modulate the expression of various genes responsible for the synthesis of key enzymes involved in metabolic pathways of such as HMGR, DXR, etc. involved in the production of a large number of phenolic compounds as well as regulate the expression of genes involved in the production of alkaloids and terpenoids in different plants. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of gene expression related to endophytes and their impact on metabolic pathways. Additionally, this review will emphasize the studies done to isolate these secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi in large quantities and assess their bioactivity. Due to ease in synthesis of secondary metabolites and their huge application in the medical industry, these bioactive metabolites are now being extracted from strains of these endophytic fungi commercially. Apart from their application in the pharmaceutical industry, most of these metabolites extracted from endophytic fungi also possess plant growth-promoting ability, bioremediation potential, novel bio control agents, sources of anti-oxidants, etc. The review will comprehensively shed a light on the biotechnological application of these fungal metabolites at the industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Toppo
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Rajarammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, Siliguri, West Bengal India
| | - Lahasang Lamu Kagatay
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Rajarammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, Siliguri, West Bengal India
| | - Ankita Gurung
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Rajarammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, Siliguri, West Bengal India
| | - Priyanka Singla
- Department of Botany, Mount Carmel College, Bengaluru, Karnataka India
| | - Rakhi Chakraborty
- Department of Botany, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy Government College, Dist. Darjeeling, Siliguri, West Bengal India
| | - Swarnendu Roy
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Rajarammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, Siliguri, West Bengal India
| | - Piyush Mathur
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Rajarammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, Siliguri, West Bengal India
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Ribeiro CAG, de Sousa Tinoco SM, de Souza VF, Negri BF, Gault CM, Pastina MM, Magalhaes JV, Guimarães LJM, de Barros EG, Buckler ES, Guimaraes CT. Genome-Wide Association Study for Root Morphology and Phosphorus Acquisition Efficiency in Diverse Maize Panels. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076233. [PMID: 37047206 PMCID: PMC10094163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Maximizing soil exploration through modifications of the root system is a strategy for plants to overcome phosphorus (P) deficiency. Genome-wide association with 561 tropical maize inbred lines from Embrapa and DTMA panels was undertaken for root morphology and P acquisition traits under low- and high-P concentrations, with 353,540 SNPs. P supply modified root morphology traits, biomass and P content in the global maize panel, but root length and root surface area changed differentially in Embrapa and DTMA panels. This suggests that different root plasticity mechanisms exist for maize adaptation to low-P conditions. A total of 87 SNPs were associated to phenotypic traits in both P conditions at −log10(p-value) ≥ 5, whereas only seven SNPs reached the Bonferroni significance. Among these SNPs, S9_137746077, which is located upstream of the gene GRMZM2G378852 that encodes a MAPKKK protein kinase, was significantly associated with total seedling dry weight, with the same allele increasing root length and root surface area under P deficiency. The C allele of S8_88600375, mapped within GRMZM2G044531 that encodes an AGC kinase, significantly enhanced root length under low P, positively affecting root surface area and seedling weight. The broad genetic diversity evaluated in this panel suggests that candidate genes and favorable alleles could be exploited to improve P efficiency in maize breeding programs of Africa and Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alexandre Gomes Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Vander Fillipe de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei 36301-160, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Barbara França Negri
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei 36301-160, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Everaldo Gonçalves de Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edward S. Buckler
- Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- USDA-ARS, Robert Holley Center, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Claudia Teixeira Guimaraes
- Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Sete Lagoas 35701-970, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei 36301-160, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-31-3027-1300
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7
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Rawat AA, Hartmann M, Harzen A, Lugan R, Stolze SC, Forzani C, Abts L, Reißenweber S, Rayapuram N, Nakagami H, Zeier J, Hirt H. OXIDATIVE SIGNAL-INDUCIBLE1 induces immunity by coordinating N-hydroxypipecolic acid, salicylic acid, and camalexin synthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1285-1301. [PMID: 36319610 PMCID: PMC10107268 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Expression of OXIDATIVE SIGNAL-INDUCIBLE1 (OXI1) is induced by a number of stress conditions and regulates the interaction of plants with pathogenic and beneficial microbes. In this work, we generated Arabidopsis OXI1 knockout and genomic OXI1 overexpression lines and show by transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome analysis that OXI1 triggers ALD1, SARD4, and FMO1 expressions to promote the biosynthesis of pipecolic acid (Pip) and N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP). OXI1 contributes to enhanced immunity by induced SA biosynthesis via CBP60g-induced expression of SID2 and camalexin accumulation via WRKY33-targeted transcription of PAD3. OXI1 regulates genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation such as RbohD and RbohF. OXI1 knock out plants show enhanced expression of nuclear and chloroplast genes of photosynthesis and enhanced growth under ambient conditions, while OXI1 overexpressing plants accumulate NHP, SA, camalexin, and ROS and show a gain-of-function (GOF) cell death phenotype and enhanced pathogen resistance. The OXI1 GOF phenotypes are completely suppressed when compromising N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) synthesis in the fmo1 or ald1 background, showing that OXI1 regulation of immunity is mediated via the NHP pathway. Overall, these results show that OXI1 plays a key role in basal and effector-triggered plant immunity by regulating defense and programmed cell death via biosynthesis of salicylic acid, N-hydroxypipecolic acid, and camalexin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika A. Rawat
- Darwin21 Desert Initiative, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Hartmann
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of PlantsHeinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstraße 1DüsseldorfD‐40225Germany
| | - Anne Harzen
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologneD‐50829Germany
| | - Raphael Lugan
- UMR QualisudAvignon UniversitéAvignon Cedex 984916France
| | | | - Celine Forzani
- Department of Plant Molecular BiologyUniversity of ViennaDr. Bohrgasse 9Vienna1030Austria
| | - Laura Abts
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of PlantsHeinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstraße 1DüsseldorfD‐40225Germany
| | - Sophie Reißenweber
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of PlantsHeinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstraße 1DüsseldorfD‐40225Germany
| | - Naganand Rayapuram
- Darwin21 Desert Initiative, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955Saudi Arabia
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologneD‐50829Germany
| | - Jürgen Zeier
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of PlantsHeinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstraße 1DüsseldorfD‐40225Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS)Heinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstraße 1DüsseldorfD‐40225Germany
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Darwin21 Desert Initiative, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955Saudi Arabia
- Department of Plant Molecular BiologyUniversity of ViennaDr. Bohrgasse 9Vienna1030Austria
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRAe, Université Paris‐Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris‐SaclayBâtiment63091405 OrsayFrance
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8
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Matthus E, Ning Y, Shafiq F, Davies JM. Phosphate-deprivation and damage signalling by extracellular ATP. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1098146. [PMID: 36714742 PMCID: PMC9879614 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1098146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate deprivation compromises plant productivity and modulates immunity. DAMP signalling by extracellular ATP (eATP) could be compromised under phosphate deprivation by the lowered production of cytosolic ATP and the need to salvage eATP as a nutritional phosphate source. Phosphate-starved roots of Arabidopsis can still sense eATP, indicating robustness in receptor function. However, the resultant cytosolic free Ca2+ signature is impaired, indicating modulation of downstream components. This perspective on DAMP signalling by extracellular ATP (eATP) addresses the salvage of eATP under phosphate deprivation and its promotion of immunity, how Ca2+ signals are generated and how the Ca2+ signalling pathway could be overcome to allow beneficial fungal root colonization to fulfill phosphate demands. Safe passage for an endophytic fungus allowing root colonization could be achieved by its down-regulation of the Ca2+ channels that act downstream of the eATP receptors and by also preventing ROS accumulation, thus further impairing DAMP signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Matthus
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Youzheng Ning
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fahad Shafiq
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Julia M. Davies
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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9
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Tano DW, Kozlowska MA, Easter RA, Woodson JD. Multiple pathways mediate chloroplast singlet oxygen stress signaling. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 111:167-187. [PMID: 36266500 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast singlet oxygen initiates multiple pathways to control chloroplast degradation, cell death, and nuclear gene expression. Chloroplasts can respond to stress and changes in the environment by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Aside from being cytotoxic, ROS also have signaling capabilities. For example, the ROS singlet oxygen (1O2) can initiate nuclear gene expression, chloroplast degradation, and cell death. To unveil the signaling mechanisms involved, researchers have used several 1O2-producing Arabidopsis thaliana mutants as genetic model systems, including plastid ferrochelatase two (fc2), fluorescent in blue light (flu), chlorina 1 (ch1), and accelerated cell death 2 (acd2). Here, we compare these 1O2-producing mutants to elucidate if they utilize one or more signaling pathways to control cell death and nuclear gene expression. Using publicly available transcriptomic data, we demonstrate fc2, flu, and ch1 share a core response to 1O2 accumulation, but maintain unique responses, potentially tailored to respond to their specific stresses. Subsequently, we used a genetic approach to determine if these mutants share 1O2 signaling pathways by testing the ability of genetic suppressors of one 1O2 producing mutant to suppress signaling in a different 1O2 producing mutant. Our genetic analyses revealed at least two different chloroplast 1O2 signaling pathways control cellular degradation: one specific to the flu mutant and one shared by fc2, ch1, and acd2 mutants, but with life-stage-specific (seedling vs. adult) features. Overall, this work reveals chloroplast stress signaling involving 1O2 is complex and may allow cells to finely tune their physiology to environmental inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Tano
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, 1140 E, South Campus Drive, 303 Forbes Hall, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0036, USA
| | - Marta A Kozlowska
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, 1140 E, South Campus Drive, 303 Forbes Hall, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0036, USA
| | - Robert A Easter
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, 1140 E, South Campus Drive, 303 Forbes Hall, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0036, USA
| | - Jesse D Woodson
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, 1140 E, South Campus Drive, 303 Forbes Hall, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0036, USA.
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10
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Kundu A, Vadassery J. Molecular mechanisms of Piriformospora indica mediated growth promotion in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2096785. [PMID: 35811563 PMCID: PMC9272844 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2096785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Piriformospora indica is a root endophyte having a vast host range in plants. Plant growth promotion is a hallmark of the symbiotic interaction of P. indica with its hosts. As a plant growth-promoting microorganism, it is important to know the mechanisms involved in growth induction. Hitherto, multiple reports have demonstrated various molecular mechanisms of P. indica-mediated growth promotion, including protein kinase-mediated pathway, enhanced nutrient uptake and polyamine-mediated growth phytohormone elevation. Here, we briefly present a discussion on the state-of-the-art molecular mechanisms of P. indica-mediated growth promotion in host plants, in order to obtain a future prospect on utilization of this microorganism for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Kundu
- Chemical Ecology Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India
| | - Jyothilakshmi Vadassery
- Chemical Ecology Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India
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11
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Goggin FL, Shah J, Gillaspy G. Editorial: Lipid metabolism and membrane structure in plant biotic interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1096268. [PMID: 36561441 PMCID: PMC9763929 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1096268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona L. Goggin
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Jyoti Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Glenda Gillaspy
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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12
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Zhu Y, Hu X, Wang P, Wang H, Ge X, Li F, Hou Y. The phospholipase D gene GhPLDδ confers resistance to Verticillium dahliae and improves tolerance to salt stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 321:111322. [PMID: 35696922 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant phospholipase D (PLD) and its product phosphatidic acid (PA) function in both abiotic and biotic stress signaling. However, to date, a PLD gene conferring the desired resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses has not been found in cotton. Here, we isolated and identified a PLD gene GhPLDδ from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), which functions in Verticillium wilt resistance and salt tolerance. GhPLDδ was highly induced by salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA), hydrogen peroxide, PEG 6000, NaCl, and Verticillium dahliae in cotton plants. The positive role of GhPLDδ in regulating plant resistance to V. dahliae was confirmed by loss- and gain-of-function analyses. Upon chitin treatment, accumulation of PA, hydrogen peroxide, JA, SA, and the expression of genes involved in MAPK cascades, JA- and SA-related defense responses were positively related to the level of GhPLDδ in plants. The treatment by exogenous PA could activate the expression of genes related to MAPK, SA, and JA signaling pathways. Moreover, GhPLDδ overexpression enhanced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis as demonstrated by the increased germination rate, longer seedling root, higher chlorophyll content, larger fresh weight, lower malondialdehyde content, and fully expand rosette leaves. Additionally, the PA content and the expression of the genes of the MAPK cascades regulated by PA were increased in GhPLDδ-overexpressed Arabidopsis under salt stress. Taken together, these findings suggest that GhPLDδ and PA are involved in regulating plant defense against both V. dahliae infection and salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Zhu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqian Hu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Yuxia Hou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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13
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Bai J, Song MJ, Gao J, Li G. Whole genome duplication and dispersed duplication characterize the evolution of the plant PINOID gene family across plant species. Gene 2022; 829:146494. [PMID: 35447241 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PINOID is a kinase belonging to the AGCVIII family, which regulates the polar distribution of PIN proteins and plays an important role in plant geotropism. However, the origin and evolutionary history of this gene family is not fully known. In this study, we identified 79 similar sequences across 17 plant species genomes (PINOID, D6PK, PINOID2, "hypothetical kinase"). Our results show that the AGCVIII kinase family may have originated from related "Hypothetical Kinases" that come out sister to the rest of the gene family members. These kinases differentiated their functions are found in different plant classes: D6PK in moss and PINOID and PINOID2 evolving in angiosperms including the pioneer plant Amborella trichopoda. Our study investigates the evolution of PINOID kinases from a phylogenetic perspective giving us insight into how this important plant signal transduction network switch evolved to play a fundamental and important function in plant growth and development. We highlight the importance of whole genome duplications and dispersed duplications as opposed to tandem duplications in the evolution of this gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangshan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Michael J Song
- Department of Biology, California State University East Bay, Hayward, CA, United States of America
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guiting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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14
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Shimamura R, Ohashi Y, Taniguchi YY, Kato M, Tsuge T, Aoyama T. Arabidopsis PLDζ1 and PLDζ2 localize to post-Golgi membrane compartments in a partially overlapping manner. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 108:31-49. [PMID: 34601701 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis PLDζ1 and PLDζ2 localize to the trans-Golgi network and to compartments including the trans-Golgi network, multi-vesicular bodies, and the tonoplast, respectively, depending on their N-terminal regions containing PX-PH domains. Phospholipase D (PLD) is involved in dynamic cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal reorganization, and signal transduction for gene expression, through the production of phosphatidic acid in membrane compartments specific to each process. Although PLD plays crucial roles in various plant phenomena, the underlying processes involving PLD for each phenomenon remain largely elusive, partly because the subcellular localization of PLD remains obscure. In this study, we performed comparative subcellular localization analyses of the Arabidopsis thaliana PX-PH-PLDs PLDζ1 and PLDζ2. In mature lateral root cap cells, own promoter-driven fluorescence protein fusions of PLDζ1 localized to the entire trans-Golgi network (TGN) while that of PLDζ2 localized to punctate structures including part of the TGN and multi-vesicular bodies as well as the tonoplast. These localization patterns were reproduced using N-terminal partial proteins, which contain PX-PH domains. An inducibly overexpressed fluorescence protein fusion of the PLDζ2 partial protein first localized to punctate structures, and then accumulated predominantly on the tonoplast. Further domain dissection analysis revealed that the N-terminal moiety preceding the PX-PH domain of PLDζ2 was required for the tonoplast-predominant accumulation. These findings suggest that PLDζ1 and PLDζ2 play partially overlapping but nonetheless distinctive roles in post-Golgi compartments along the membrane trafficking pathway from the TGN to the tonoplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Shimamura
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yohei Ohashi
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | | | - Mariko Kato
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tsuge
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Aoyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
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Purushotham N, Jones E, Monk J, Ridgway H. Fungal Communities in the Native New Zealand Medicinal Plant Pseudowintera colorata (Horopito) Are Determined by Plant Organ Type and Host Maturity with Key Members Promoting Plant Growth. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122576. [PMID: 34946177 PMCID: PMC8709005 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant Pseudowintera colorata is well known for its antimicrobial and medicinal properties and is endemic to New Zealand. Using PCR-Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), we investigated the factors influencing the composition of endophytic fungal communities in P. colorata from ten distinct sites across New Zealand. Our results showed that plant organs of P. colorata influenced the diversity and richness of endophytic fungi (PERMANOVA, p < 0.05). In addition, plant maturity and its interactions revealed that endophytic fungal communities formed discrete clusters in leaves, stems, and roots of mature and immature P. colorata plants (PERMANOVA; p = 0.002, p = 0.001 and p = 0.039, respectively). For identifying isolates with biocontrol potential, dual culture tests were set up against four different phytopathogenic fungi. Isolates with high activity (zone of inhibition > 10 mm) were sequenced and identified as Trichoderma harzianum, Pezicula neosporulosa, Fusariumtricinctum, Metarhizium sp., and Chaetomium sp. Applying selected endophytic fungi (n = 7) as soil drenchers significantly increased the growth of P. colorata seedlings and produced more internodes. Seedling shoots treated with Trichoderma sp. PRY2BA21 were 2.2 × longer (8.36 cm) than the untreated controls (3.72 cm). Our results elucidate the main plant factors influencing fungal community composition and demonstrate a role for endophytic fungi in P. colorata growth and further demonstrate that medicinal plants are a rich source of endophytes with potential as biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Purushotham
- Department of Pest-Management and Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand; (E.J.); (H.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eirian Jones
- Department of Pest-Management and Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand; (E.J.); (H.R.)
| | - Jana Monk
- AsureQuality, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand;
| | - Hayley Ridgway
- Department of Pest-Management and Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand; (E.J.); (H.R.)
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Christchurch 7608, New Zealand
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16
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Kong W, Tan S, Zhao Q, Lin DL, Xu ZH, Friml J, Xue HW. mRNA surveillance complex PELOTA-HBS1 regulates phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase1 and plant growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:2003-2020. [PMID: 33930167 PMCID: PMC8331137 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The quality control system for messenger RNA (mRNA) is fundamental for cellular activities in eukaryotes. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of 3'-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase1 (PDK1), a master regulator that is essential throughout eukaryotic growth and development, we employed a forward genetic approach to screen for suppressors of the loss-of-function T-DNA insertion double mutant pdk1.1 pdk1.2 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Notably, the severe growth attenuation of pdk1.1 pdk1.2 was rescued by sop21 (suppressor of pdk1.1 pdk1.2), which harbors a loss-of-function mutation in PELOTA1 (PEL1). PEL1 is a homolog of mammalian PELOTA and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) DOM34p, which each form a heterodimeric complex with the GTPase HBS1 (HSP70 SUBFAMILY B SUPPRESSOR1, also called SUPERKILLER PROTEIN7, SKI7), a protein that is responsible for ribosomal rescue and thereby assures the quality and fidelity of mRNA molecules during translation. Genetic analysis further revealed that a dysfunctional PEL1-HBS1 complex failed to degrade the T-DNA-disrupted PDK1 transcripts, which were truncated but functional, and thus rescued the growth and developmental defects of pdk1.1 pdk1.2. Our studies demonstrated the functionality of a homologous PELOTA-HBS1 complex and identified its essential regulatory role in plants, providing insights into the mechanism of mRNA quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Kong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shutang Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Centre for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
| | - Qing Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - De-Li Lin
- Joint Centre for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
| | - Hong-Wei Xue
- Joint Centre for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Author for communication:
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17
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Wu C, Gu Z, Li T, Yu J, Liu C, Fan W, Wang B, Jiang F, Zhang Q, Li W. The apple MdPTI1L kinase is phosphorylated by MdOXI1 during S-RNase-induced reactive oxygen species signaling in pollen tubes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 305:110824. [PMID: 33691959 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Apple (Malus domestica) exhibits classic S-RNase-mediated gametophytic self-incompatibility. Previous studies have shown that the S-RNase secreted from style cells could trigger signal transduction and defense responses mediated by Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) after entering into the pollen tube. In this study, we investigated the downstream genes activated by ROS during S-RNase-mediated gametophytic self-incompatibility in pollen tubes. A substantial increase in ROS, as well as up-regulated expression of a serine-threonine protein kinase gene, OXIDATIVE SIGNAL-INDUCIBLE1 (MdOXI1), was detected in apple pollen tubes treated with self-S-RNase. A kinase assay-linked phosphoproteomics (KALIP) analysis suggested that MdOXI1 could bind and phosphorylate the downstream protein kinase Pto-interacting protein 1-like (MdPTI1L). The phosphorylation level of MdPTI1L was significantly reduced after silencing MdOXI1 with antisense oligonucleotides in the pollen tube. Silencing of either MdOXI1 or MdPTI1L alleviated the inhibitory effect of self-S-RNase on pollen tube growth. Our results thus indicate that MdPTI1L is phosphorylated by MdOXI1 in the pollen tube and participates in the ROS signaling pathway triggered by S-RNase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbao Wu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaoyu Gu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianzhong Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenqi Fan
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Baoan Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiulei Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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18
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Zhang G, Yang J, Chen X, Zhao D, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhao J. Phospholipase D- and phosphatidic acid-mediated phospholipid metabolism and signaling modulate symbiotic interaction and nodulation in soybean (Glycine max). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:142-158. [PMID: 33377234 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic rhizobium-legume interactions, such as root hair curling, rhizobial invasion, infection thread expansion, cell division and proliferation of nitrogen-fixing bacteroids, and nodule formation, involve extensive membrane synthesis, lipid remodeling and cytoskeleton dynamics. However, little is known about these membrane-cytoskeleton interfaces and related genes. Here, we report the roles of a major root phospholipase D (PLD), PLDα1, and its enzymatic product, phosphatidic acid (PA), in rhizobium-root interaction and nodulation. PLDα1 was activated and the PA content transiently increased in roots after rhizobial infection. Levels of PLDα1 transcript and PA, as well as actin and tubulin cytoskeleton-related gene expression, changed markedly during root-rhizobium interactions and nodule development. Pre-treatment of the roots of soybean seedlings with n-butanol suppressed the generation of PLD-derived PA, the expression of early nodulation genes and nodule numbers. Overexpression or knockdown of GmPLDα1 resulted in changes in PA levels, glycerolipid profiles, nodule numbers, actin cytoskeleton dynamics, early nodulation gene expression and hormone levels upon rhizobial infection compared with GUS roots. The transcript levels of cytoskeleton-related genes, such as GmACTIN, GmTUBULIN, actin capping protein 1 (GmCP1) and microtubule-associating protein (GmMAP1), were modified in GmPLDα1-altered hairy roots compared with those of GUS roots. Phosphatidic acid physically bound to GmCP1 and GmMAP1, which could be related to cytoskeletal changes in rhizobium-infected GmPLDα1 mutant roots. These data suggest that PLDα1 and PA play important roles in soybean-rhizobium interaction and nodulation. The possible underlying mechanisms, including PLDα1- and PA-mediated lipid signaling, membrane remodeling, cytoskeleton dynamics and related hormone signaling, are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jihong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiangli Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiuhong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
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Opitz MW, Daneshkhah R, Lorenz C, Ludwig R, Steinkellner S, Wieczorek K. Serendipita indica changes host sugar and defense status in Arabidopsis thaliana: cooperation or exploitation? PLANTA 2021; 253:74. [PMID: 33620564 PMCID: PMC7902589 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of sugar metabolism upon S. indica root colonization triggers changes in sugar pools and defense responses in A. thaliana. Serendipita indica is an endophytic fungus that establishes mutualistic relationships with many different plants including important crops as well as the model plant A. thaliana. Successful root colonization typically results in growth promotion and enhanced tolerance against various biotic and abiotic stresses. The fungus delivers phosphorus to the host and receives in exchange carbohydrates. There are hints that S. indica prefers hexoses, glucose, and fructose, products of saccharose cleavage driven by invertases (INVs) and sucrose synthases (SUSs). Carbohydrate metabolism in this interaction, however, remains still widely unexplored. Therefore, in this work, the sugar pools as well as the expression of SUSs and cytosolic INVs in plants colonized by S. indica were analyzed. Using sus1/2/3/4 and cinv1/2 mutants the importance of these genes for the induction of growth promotion and proper root colonization was demonstrated. Furthermore, the expression of several defense-related marker genes in both multiple mutants in comparison to the wild-type plants was determined. Our results show that in colonized A. thaliana plants S. indica manipulates the sugar metabolism by altering the expression of host's INV and SUS and modulates both the sugar pools and plant defense in its favor. We conclude that the interaction A. thaliana-S. indica is a balancing act between cooperation and exploitation, in which sugar metabolism plays a crucial role. Small changes in this mechanism can lead to severe disruption resulting in the lack of growth promotion or altered colonization rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Opitz
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Roshanak Daneshkhah
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Cindy Lorenz
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegrid Steinkellner
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Krzysztof Wieczorek
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
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20
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Jogawat A, Meena MK, Kundu A, Varma M, Vadassery J. Calcium channel CNGC19 mediates basal defense signaling to regulate colonization by Piriformospora indica in Arabidopsis roots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2752-2768. [PMID: 31957790 PMCID: PMC7210775 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The activation of calcium signaling is a crucial event for perceiving environmental stress. Colonization by Piriformospora indica, a growth-promoting root endosymbiont, activates cytosolic Ca2+ in Arabidopsis roots. In this study, we examined the role and functional relevance of calcium channels responsible for Ca2+ fluxes. Expression profiling revealed that CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE GATED CHANNEL 19 (CNGC19) is an early-activated gene, induced by unidentified components in P. indica cell-wall extract. Functional analysis showed that loss-of-function of CNGC19 resulted in growth inhibition by P.indica, due to increased colonization and loss of controlled fungal growth. The cngc19 mutant showed reduced elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ in response to P. indica cell-wall extract in comparison to the wild-type. Microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity was compromised in the cngc19 lines, as evidenced by unaltered callose deposition, reduced cis-(+)-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, jasmonate, and jasmonoyl isoleucine levels, and down-regulation of jasmonate and other defense-related genes, which contributed to a shift towards a pathogenic response. Loss-of-function of CNGC19 resulted in an inability to modulate indole glucosinolate content during P. indica colonization. CNGC19-mediated basal immunity was dependent on the AtPep receptor, PEPR. CNGC19 was also crucial for P. indica-mediated suppression of AtPep-induced immunity. Our results thus demonstrate that Arabidopsis CNGC19 is an important Ca2+ channel that maintains a robust innate immunity and is crucial for growth-promotion signaling upon colonization by P. indica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu Jogawat
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Meena
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Anish Kundu
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahendra Varma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyothilakshmi Vadassery
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
- Correspondence:
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21
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Xiao Y, Offringa R. PDK1 regulates auxin transport and Arabidopsis vascular development through AGC1 kinase PAX. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:544-555. [PMID: 32393878 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0650-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) is a conserved master regulator of AGC kinases in eukaryotic organisms. pdk1 loss of function causes a lethal phenotype in animals and yeasts, but only mild phenotypic defects in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). The Arabidopsis genome contains two PDK1-encoding genes, PDK1 and PDK2. Here, we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) to generate true loss-of-function pdk1 alleles, which, when combined with pdk2 alleles, showed severe developmental defects including fused cotyledons, a short primary root, dwarf stature and defects in male fertility. We obtained evidence that PDK1 is responsible for AGC1 kinase PROTEIN KINASE ASSOCIATED WITH BRX (PAX) activation by phosphorylation during vascular development, and that the PDK1 phospholipid-binding Pleckstrin Homology domain is not required for this process. Our data indicate that PDK1 regulates polar auxin transport by activating AGC1 clade kinases, resulting in PIN phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Plant Systems Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Remko Offringa
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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22
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Tan S, Zhang X, Kong W, Yang XL, Molnár G, Vondráková Z, Filepová R, Petrášek J, Friml J, Xue HW. The lipid code-dependent phosphoswitch PDK1-D6PK activates PIN-mediated auxin efflux in Arabidopsis. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:556-569. [PMID: 32393881 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Directional intercellular transport of the phytohormone auxin mediated by PIN-FORMED (PIN) efflux carriers has essential roles in both coordinating patterning processes and integrating multiple external cues by rapidly redirecting auxin fluxes. PIN activity is therefore regulated by multiple internal and external cues, for which the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that 3'-PHOSPHOINOSITIDE-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE1 (PDK1), which is conserved in plants and mammals, functions as a molecular hub that perceives upstream lipid signalling and modulates downstream substrate activity through phosphorylation. Using genetic analysis, we show that the loss-of-function Arabidopsis pdk1.1 pdk1.2 mutant exhibits a plethora of abnormalities in organogenesis and growth due to defective polar auxin transport. Further cellular and biochemical analyses reveal that PDK1 phosphorylates D6 protein kinase, a well-known upstream activator of PIN proteins. We uncover a lipid-dependent phosphorylation cascade that connects membrane-composition-based cellular signalling with plant growth and patterning by regulating morphogenetic auxin fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutang Tan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Xixi Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Wei Kong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Li Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gergely Molnár
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Zuzana Vondráková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roberta Filepová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | - Hong-Wei Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Liu H, Senthilkumar R, Ma G, Zou Q, Zhu K, Shen X, Tian D, Hua MS, Oelmüller R, Yeh KW. Piriformospora indica-induced phytohormone changes and root colonization strategies are highly host-specific. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1632688. [PMID: 31230564 PMCID: PMC6768275 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1632688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Piriformospora indica, an endophytic fungus of Sebacinales, has a wide host range and promotes the performance of mono- and eudicot plants. Here, we compare the interaction of P. indica with the roots of seven host plants (Anthurium andraeanum, Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica campestris, Lycopersicon esculentum, Oncidium orchid, Oryza sativa, and Zea mays). Microscopical analyses showed that the colonization time and the mode of hyphal invasion into the roots differ in the symbiotic interactions. Substantial differences between the species were also observed for the levels and accumulation of jasmonate (JA) and gibberellin (GA) and the transcript levels for genes involved in their syntheses. No obvious correlation could be detected between the endogenous JA and/or GA levels and the time point of root colonization in a given plant species. Our results suggest that root colonization strategies and changes in the two phytohormone levels are highly host-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichun Liu
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rajendran Senthilkumar
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Academia Sinica-Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Guangying Ma
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingcheng Zou
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaiyuan Zhu
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Shen
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danqing Tian
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Moda Sang Hua
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Matthias-Schleiden Institute, Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Kai Wun Yeh
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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24
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Meents AK, Furch ACU, Almeida-Trapp M, Özyürek S, Scholz SS, Kirbis A, Lenser T, Theißen G, Grabe V, Hansson B, Mithöfer A, Oelmüller R. Beneficial and Pathogenic Arabidopsis Root-Interacting Fungi Differently Affect Auxin Levels and Responsive Genes During Early Infection. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:380. [PMID: 30915043 PMCID: PMC6422953 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) is an important phytohormone involved in root growth and development. Root-interacting beneficial and pathogenic fungi utilize auxin and its target genes to manipulate the performance of their hosts for their own needs. In order to follow and visualize auxin effects in fungi-colonized Arabidopsis roots, we used the dual auxin reporter construct DR5::EGFP-DR5v2::tdTomato and fluorescence microscopy as well as LC-MS-based phytohormone analyses. We demonstrate that the beneficial endophytic fungi Piriformospora indica and Mortierella hyalina produce and accumulate IAA in their mycelia, in contrast to the phytopathogenic biotrophic fungus Verticillium dahliae and the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola. Within 3 h after exposure of Arabidopsis roots to the pathogens, the signals of the auxin-responsive reporter genes disappeared. When exposed to P. indica, significantly higher auxin levels and stimulated expression of auxin-responsive reporter genes were detected both in lateral root primordia and the root elongation zone within 1 day. Elevated auxin levels were also present in the M. hyalina/Arabidopsis root interaction, but no downstream effects on auxin-responsive reporter genes were observed. However, the jasmonate level was strongly increased in the colonized roots. We propose that the lack of stimulated root growth upon infection with M. hyalina is not caused by the absence of auxin, but an inhibitory effect mediated by high jasmonate content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja K Meents
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.,Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexandra C U Furch
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Marília Almeida-Trapp
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Sedef Özyürek
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra S Scholz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Kirbis
- Department of Genetics, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Teresa Lenser
- Department of Genetics, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Günter Theißen
- Department of Genetics, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Veit Grabe
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Bill Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.,Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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25
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Johnson JM, Ludwig A, Furch ACU, Mithöfer A, Scholz S, Reichelt M, Oelmüller R. The Beneficial Root-Colonizing Fungus Mortierella hyalina Promotes the Aerial Growth of Arabidopsis and Activates Calcium-Dependent Responses That Restrict Alternaria brassicae-Induced Disease Development in Roots. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:351-363. [PMID: 30252617 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-18-0115-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The endophytic fungus Mortierella hyalina colonizes the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana and stimulates growth and biomass production of the aerial parts but not of roots. An exudate fraction from the fungus induces rapid and transient cytoplasmic Ca2+elevation in the roots. The Ca2+ response does not require the well-characterized (co)receptors BAK1, CERK1, and FLS2 for pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and the Ca2+ channels GLR-2.4, GLR-2.5, and GLR-3.3 or the vacuolar TWO PORE CHANNEL1, which might be involved in cytoplasmic Ca2+ elevation. We isolated an ethyl-methane-sulfonate-induced Arabidopsis mutant that is impaired in this Ca2+ response. The roots of the mutant are impaired in M. hyalina-mediated suppression of immune responses after Alternaria brassicae infection, i.e., jasmonate accumulation, generation of reactive oxygen species, as well as the activation of jasmonate-related defense genes. Furthermore, they are more colonized by M. hyalina than wild-type roots. We propose that the mutant gene product is involved in a Ca2+-dependent signaling pathway activated by M. hyalina to suppress immune responses in Arabidopsis roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Michal Johnson
- 1 Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Bioinformatics, Genetics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Anatoli Ludwig
- 1 Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Bioinformatics, Genetics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexandra C U Furch
- 1 Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Bioinformatics, Genetics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- 2 Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology
- 3 Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology
| | - Sandra Scholz
- 1 Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Bioinformatics, Genetics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- 4 Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- 1 Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Bioinformatics, Genetics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
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26
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Scholz S, Pleßmann J, Enugutti B, Hüttl R, Wassmer K, Schneitz K. The AGC protein kinase UNICORN controls planar growth by attenuating PDK1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007927. [PMID: 30742613 PMCID: PMC6386418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue morphogenesis critically depends on the coordination of cellular growth patterns. In plants, many organs consist of clonally distinct cell layers, such as the epidermis, whose cells undergo divisions that are oriented along the plane of the layer. The developmental control of such planar growth is poorly understood. We have previously identified the Arabidopsis AGCVIII-class protein kinase UNICORN (UCN) as a central regulator of this process. Plants lacking UCN activity show spontaneous formation of ectopic multicellular protrusions in integuments and malformed petals indicating that UCN suppresses uncontrolled growth in those tissues. In the current model UCN regulates planar growth of integuments in part by directly repressing the putative transcription factor ABERRANT TESTA SHAPE (ATS). Here we report on the identification of 3-PHOSPHOINOSITIDE-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE 1 (PDK1) as a novel factor involved in UCN-mediated growth control. PDK1 constitutes a basic component of signaling mediated by AGC protein kinases throughout eukaryotes. Arabidopsis PDK1 is implied in stress responses and growth promotion. Here we show that loss-of-function mutations in PDK1 suppress aberrant growth in integuments and petals of ucn mutants. Additional genetic, in vitro, and cell biological data support the view that UCN functions by repressing PDK1. Furthermore, our data indicate that PDK1 is indirectly required for deregulated growth caused by ATS overexpression. Our findings support a model proposing that UCN suppresses ectopic growth in integuments through two independent processes: the attenuation of the protein kinase PDK1 in the cytoplasm and the repression of the transcription factor ATS in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Scholz
- Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Janys Pleßmann
- Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Balaji Enugutti
- Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Regina Hüttl
- Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Katrin Wassmer
- Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Kay Schneitz
- Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- * E-mail:
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27
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Endophytic fungus Serendipita indica increased nutrition absorption and biomass accumulation in Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings under low phosphate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chnaes.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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28
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Li J, Wang X. Phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid in plant immunity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 279:45-50. [PMID: 30709492 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes membrane phospholipids to generate phosphatidic acid (PA). Both PLD and its lipid product PA are involved in various physiological processes, including plant response to pathogens. The PLD family is comprised of multiple members in higher plants, and PLDs have been reported to play positive and/or negative roles in plant immunity, depending on the types of pathogens and specific PLDs involved. Individual PLDs have distinguishable biochemical properties, such as Ca2+ and phosphatidylinositide requirements. In addition, PLDs and PA are found to interact with various proteins in hormone and stress signaling. The different biochemical and regulatory properties of PLDs and PA shed light on the mechanisms for the functional diversity of PLDs in plant defense signaling and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwu Li
- Henan Agricultural University, Henan, 450002, China; Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, United States; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, United States.
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, United States; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, United States.
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29
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Hilbert M, Novero M, Rovenich H, Mari S, Grimm C, Bonfante P, Zuccaro A. MLO Differentially Regulates Barley Root Colonization by Beneficial Endophytic and Mycorrhizal Fungi. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1678. [PMID: 32010163 PMCID: PMC6976535 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Loss-of-function alleles of MLO (Mildew Resistance Locus O) confer broad-spectrum resistance to foliar infections by powdery mildew pathogens. Like pathogens, microbes that establish mutually beneficial relationships with their plant hosts, trigger the induction of some defense responses. Initially, barley colonization by the root endophyte Serendipita indica (syn. Piriformospora indica) is associated with enhanced defense gene expression and the formation of papillae at sites of hyphal penetration attempts. This phenotype is reminiscent of mlo-conditioned immunity in barley leaf tissue and raises the question whether MLO plays a regulatory role in the establishment of beneficial interactions. Here we show that S. indica colonization was significantly reduced in plants carrying mlo mutations compared to wild type controls. The reduction in fungal biomass was associated with the enhanced formation of papillae. Moreover, epidermal cells of S. indica-treated mlo plants displayed an early accumulation of iron in the epidermal layer suggesting increased basal defense activation in the barley mutant background. Correspondingly, the induction of host cell death during later colonization stages was impaired in mlo colonized plants, highlighting the importance of the early biotrophic growth phase for S. indica root colonization. In contrast, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae displayed a similar colonization morphology on mutant and wild type plants. However, the frequency of mycorrhization and number of arbuscules was higher in mlo-5 mutants. These findings suggest that MLO differentially regulates root colonization by endophytic and AM fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Hilbert
- Department of Organismic Interactions, Max Planck Institute of Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mara Novero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Hanna Rovenich
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stéphane Mari
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Carolin Grimm
- Department of Organismic Interactions, Max Planck Institute of Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alga Zuccaro
- Department of Organismic Interactions, Max Planck Institute of Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Alga Zuccaro,
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30
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Mamode Cassim A, Gouguet P, Gronnier J, Laurent N, Germain V, Grison M, Boutté Y, Gerbeau-Pissot P, Simon-Plas F, Mongrand S. Plant lipids: Key players of plasma membrane organization and function. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 73:1-27. [PMID: 30465788 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) is the biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside. The PM is constituted of a huge diversity of proteins and lipids. In this review, we will update the diversity of molecular species of lipids found in plant PM. We will further discuss how lipids govern global properties of the plant PM, explaining that plant lipids are unevenly distributed and are able to organize PM in domains. From that observation, it emerges a complex picture showing a spatial and multiscale segregation of PM components. Finally, we will discuss how lipids are key players in the function of PM in plants, with a particular focus on plant-microbe interaction, transport and hormone signaling, abiotic stress responses, plasmodesmata function. The last chapter is dedicated to the methods that the plant membrane biology community needs to develop to get a comprehensive understanding of membrane organization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiilah Mamode Cassim
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Paul Gouguet
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Julien Gronnier
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nelson Laurent
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRS, Dijon, France
| | - Véronique Germain
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Magali Grison
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Patricia Gerbeau-Pissot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRS, Dijon, France
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRS, Dijon, France.
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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31
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Endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants: future prospects of bioactive natural products from Tabebuia/Handroanthus endophytes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9105-9119. [PMID: 30203146 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are a rich source of natural products used to treat many diseases; therefore, they are the basis for a new drug discovery. Plants are capable of generating different bioactive secondary metabolites, but a large amount of botanical material is often necessary to obtain small amounts of the target substance. Nowadays, many medicinal plants are becoming rather scarce. For this reason, it is important to point out the interactions between endophytic microorganisms and the host plant, because endophytes are able to produce highly diverse compounds, including those from host plants that have important biological activities. Thence, this review aims at presenting the richness in bioactive compounds of the medicinal plants from Tabebuia and Handroanthus genera, as well as important aspects about endophyte-plant interactions, with emphasis on the production of bioactive compounds by endophytic fungi, which has been isolated from various medicinal plants for such a purpose. Furthermore, bio-prospection of natural products synthesized by endophytes isolated from the aforementioned genera used in traditional medicine could be used to treat illnesses.
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32
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Yao HY, Xue HW. Phosphatidic acid plays key roles regulating plant development and stress responses. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:851-863. [PMID: 29660254 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids, including phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphoinositides, have emerged as an important class of cellular messenger molecules in various cellular and physiological processes, of which PA attracts much attention of researchers. In addition to its effect on stimulating vesicle trafficking, many studies have demonstrated that PA plays a crucial role in various signaling pathways by binding target proteins and regulating their activity and subcellular localization. Here, we summarize the functional mechanisms and target proteins underlying PA-mediated regulation of cellular signaling, development, hormonal responses, and stress responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong-Wei Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Nanda R, Agrawal V. Piriformospora indica, an excellent system for heavy metal sequestration and amelioration of oxidative stress and DNA damage in Cassia angustifolia Vahl under copper stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 156:409-419. [PMID: 29601984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Present investigation reveals copper induced phytotoxicity, oxidative stress and DNA damage in Cassia angustifolia Vahl and its amelioration by employing a symbiotic fungus, Piriformospora indica. Seeds were germinated on Knop's medium containing five Cu levels (0, 1, 10, 50, 100 and 200 mg L-1), with and without P. indica. Colonization with P. indica significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorated Cu induced oxidative stress. However, maximum amelioration was observed at 50 mg L-1 Cu with P. indica. Atomic absorption spectroscopy revealed that P. indica colonization significantly inhibited Cu accumulation in shoots. Maximum decline in Cu accumulation in shoots was observed at 50 mg L-1 (27.27%) with P. indica over Cu alone. Besides, P. indica colonized seedlings stored 16.86% higher Cu in roots as compared to Cu alone at 200 mg L-1. Similarly, maximum proline accumulation increased up to 19.32% over Cu alone at 50 mg L-1 Cu with P. indica. Significant elevation in antioxidant enzyme levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and glutathione reductase was seen with P. indica. Contrary to increase in antioxidant level, toxic parameters such as lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide decreased significantly with P. indica. Maximum decline in lipid peroxidation (13.76%) and hydrogen peroxide (18.58%) was observed at 50 mg L-1 with P. indica over Cu alone. P. indica significantly reduced DNA damage as well as changed the protein profile in C. angustifolia seedlings. Thus, P. indica proved to be an excellent system to alleviate Cu induced oxidative stress and might be useful as a phytostabilization tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veena Agrawal
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Pokotylo I, Kravets V, Martinec J, Ruelland E. The phosphatidic acid paradox: Too many actions for one molecule class? Lessons from plants. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 71:43-53. [PMID: 29842906 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a simple phospholipid observed in most organisms. PA acts as a key metabolic intermediate and a second messenger that regulates many cell activities. In plants, PA is involved in numerous cell responses induced by hormones, stress inputs and developmental processes. Interestingly, PA production can be triggered by opposite stressors, such as cold and heat, or by hormones that are considered to be antagonistic, such as abscisic acid and salicylic acid. This property questions the specificity of the responses controlled by PA. Are there generic responses to PA, meaning that cell regulation triggered by PA would be always the same, even in opposite physiological situations? Alternatively, do the responses to PA differ according to the physiological context within the cells? If so, the mechanisms that regulate the divergence of PA-controlled reactions are poorly defined. This review summarizes the latest opinions on how PA signalling is directed in plant cells and examines the intrinsic properties of PA that enable its regulatory diversity. We propose a concept whereby PA regulatory messages are perceived as complex "signatures" that take into account their production site, the availability of target proteins and the relevant cellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pokotylo
- Université Paris-Est, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Créteil, France; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Kravets
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Jan Martinec
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Ruelland
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine; CNRS, UMR7618, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Créteil, France.
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OXI1 kinase plays a key role in resistance of Arabidopsis towards aphids (Myzus persicae). Transgenic Res 2018; 27:355-366. [PMID: 29777502 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-018-0078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants have co-evolved with a diverse array of pathogens and insect herbivores and so have evolved an extensive repertoire of constitutive and induced defence mechanisms activated through complex signalling pathways. OXI1 kinase is required for activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and is an essential part of the signal transduction pathway linking oxidative burst signals to diverse downstream responses. Furthermore, changes in the levels of OXI1 appear to be crucial for appropriate signalling. Callose deposition also plays a key role in defence. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, that OXI1 plays an important role in defence against aphids. The Arabidopsis mutant, oxi1-2, showed significant resistance both in terms of population build-up (p < 0.001) and the rate of build-up (p < 0.001). Arabidopsis mutants for β-1,3-glucanase, gns2 and gns3, showed partial aphid resistance, significantly delaying developmental rate, taking two-fold longer to reach adulthood. Whilst β-1,3-glucanase genes GNS1, GNS2, GNS3 and GNS5 were not induced in oxi1-2 in response to aphid feeding, GNS2 was expressed to high levels in the corresponding WT (Col-0) in response to aphid feeding. Callose synthase GSL5 was up-regulated in oxi1-2 in response to aphids. The results suggest that resistance in oxi1-2 mutants is through induction of callose deposition via MAPKs resulting in ROS induction as an early response. Furthermore, the results suggest that the β-1,3-glucanase genes, especially GNS2, play an important role in host plant susceptibility to aphids. Better understanding of signalling cascades underpinning tolerance to biotic stress will help inform future breeding programmes for enhancing crop resilience.
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Daneshkhah R, Grundler FMW, Wieczorek K. The Role of MPK6 as Mediator of Ethylene/Jasmonic Acid Signaling in Serendipita indica-Colonized Arabidopsis Roots. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER 2018; 36:284-294. [PMID: 29875545 PMCID: PMC5966479 DOI: 10.1007/s11105-018-1077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Serendipita indica is an axenically cultivable fungus, which colonizes a broad range of plant species including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Root colonization by this endophyte leads to enhanced plant fitness and performance and promotes resistance against different biotic and abiotic stresses. The involvement of MPK6 in this mutualistic interaction had been previously shown with an mpk6 A. thaliana mutant, which failed to respond to S. indica colonization. Here, we demonstrate that mpk6 roots are significantly less colonized by S. indica compared to wild-type roots and the foliar application of plant hormones, ethylene, or jasmonic acid, restores the colonization rate at least to the wild-type level. Further, hormone-treated mpk6 plants show typical S. indica-induced growth promotion effects. Moreover, expression levels of several genes related to plant defense and hormone signaling are significantly changed at different colonization phases. Our results demonstrate that the successful root colonization by S. indica depends on efficient suppression of plant immune responses. In A. thaliana, this process relies on intact hormone signaling in which MPK6 seems to play a pivotal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Daneshkhah
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln on the Danube, Austria
| | - F. M. W. Grundler
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Molecular Phytomedicine, University Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Wieczorek
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln on the Danube, Austria
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Johnson JM, Thürich J, Petutschnig EK, Altschmied L, Meichsner D, Sherameti I, Dindas J, Mrozinska A, Paetz C, Scholz SS, Furch ACU, Lipka V, Hedrich R, Schneider B, Svatoš A, Oelmüller R. A Poly(A) Ribonuclease Controls the Cellotriose-Based Interaction between Piriformospora indica and Its Host Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:2496-2514. [PMID: 29371249 PMCID: PMC5841714 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Piriformospora indica, an endophytic root-colonizing fungus, efficiently promotes plant growth and induces resistance to abiotic stress and biotic diseases. P. indica fungal cell wall extract induces cytoplasmic calcium elevation in host plant roots. Here, we show that cellotriose (CT) is an elicitor-active cell wall moiety released by P. indica into the medium. CT induces a mild defense-like response, including the production of reactive oxygen species, changes in membrane potential, and the expression of genes involved in growth regulation and root development. CT-based cytoplasmic calcium elevation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots does not require the BAK1 coreceptor or the putative Ca2+ channels TPC1, GLR3.3, GLR2.4, and GLR2.5 and operates synergistically with the elicitor chitin. We identified an ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutant (cytoplasmiccalcium elevation mutant) impaired in the response to CT and various other cellooligomers (n = 2-7), but not to chitooligomers (n = 4-8), in roots. The mutant contains a single nucleotide exchange in the gene encoding a poly(A) ribonuclease (AtPARN; At1g55870) that degrades the poly(A) tails of specific mRNAs. The wild-type PARN cDNA, expressed under the control of a 35S promoter, complements the mutant phenotype. Our identification of cellotriose as a novel chemical mediator casts light on the complex P. indica-plant mutualistic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy M Johnson
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes Thürich
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Elena K Petutschnig
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht von Haller Institute, Georg August University, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lothar Altschmied
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research Gatersleben, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Doreen Meichsner
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Irena Sherameti
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Julian Dindas
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Mrozinska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Paetz
- Research Group Biosynthesis/NMR, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra S Scholz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexandra C U Furch
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Volker Lipka
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Albrecht von Haller Institute, Georg August University, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Schneider
- Research Group Biosynthesis/NMR, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Aleš Svatoš
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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Vahabi K, Reichelt M, Scholz SS, Furch ACU, Matsuo M, Johnson JM, Sherameti I, Gershenzon J, Oelmüller R. Alternaria Brassicae Induces Systemic Jasmonate Responses in Arabidopsis Which Travel to Neighboring Plants via a Piriformsopora Indica Hyphal Network and Activate Abscisic Acid Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:626. [PMID: 29868082 PMCID: PMC5952412 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stress information received by a particular local plant tissue is transferred to other tissues and neighboring plants, but how the information travels is not well understood. Application of Alternaria Brassicae spores to Arabidopsis leaves or roots stimulates local accumulation of jasmonic acid (JA), the expression of JA-responsive genes, as well as of NITRATE TRANSPORTER (NRT)2.5 and REDOX RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR1 (RRTF1). Infection information is systemically spread over the entire seedling and propagates radially from infected to non-infected leaves, axially from leaves to roots, and vice versa. The local and systemic NRT2.5 responses are reduced in the jar1 mutant, and the RRTF1 response in the rbohD mutant. Information about A. brassicae infection travels slowly to uninfected neighboring plants via a Piriformospora Indica hyphal network, where NRT2.5 and RRTF1 are up-regulated. The systemic A. brassicae-induced JA response in infected plants is converted to an abscisic acid (ABA) response in the neighboring plant where ABA and ABA-responsive genes are induced. We propose that the local threat information induced by A. brassicae infection is spread over the entire plant and transferred to neighboring plants via a P. indica hyphal network. The JA-specific response is converted to a general ABA-mediated stress response in the neighboring plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khabat Vahabi
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra S. Scholz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexandra C. U. Furch
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Mitsuhiro Matsuo
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Joy M. Johnson
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Irena Sherameti
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ralf Oelmüller
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Hua MDS, Senthil Kumar R, Shyur LF, Cheng YB, Tian Z, Oelmüller R, Yeh KW. Metabolomic compounds identified in Piriformospora indica-colonized Chinese cabbage roots delineate symbiotic functions of the interaction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9291. [PMID: 28839213 PMCID: PMC5571224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Root colonization by endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica facilitating growth/development and stress tolerance has been demonstrated in various host plants. However, global metabolomic studies are rare. By using high-throughput gas-chromatography-based mass spectrometry, 549 metabolites of 1,126 total compounds observed were identified in colonized and uncolonized Chinese cabbage roots, and hyphae of P. indica. The analyses demonstrate that the host metabolomic compounds and metabolite pathways are globally reprogrammed after symbiosis with P. indica. Especially, γ-amino butyrate (GABA), oxylipin-family compounds, poly-saturated fatty acids, and auxin and its intermediates were highly induced and de novo synthesized in colonized roots. Conversely, nicotinic acid (niacin) and dimethylallylpyrophosphate were strongly decreased. In vivo assays with exogenously applied compounds confirmed that GABA primes plant immunity toward pathogen attack and enhances high salinity and temperature tolerance. Moreover, generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species stimulated by nicotinic acid is repressed by P. indica, and causes the feasibility of symbiotic interaction. This global metabolomic analysis and the identification of symbiosis-specific metabolites may help to understand how P. indica confers benefits to the host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Da-Sang Hua
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, 106, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Centre, Academia Sinica, 106, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zhihong Tian
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation, College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Kai-Wun Yeh
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, 106, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Hubei Collaborative Innovation, College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
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Hua MDS, Senthil Kumar R, Shyur LF, Cheng YB, Tian Z, Oelmüller R, Yeh KW. Metabolomic compounds identified in Piriformospora indica-colonized Chinese cabbage roots delineate symbiotic functions of the interaction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9291. [PMID: 28839213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-087152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Root colonization by endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica facilitating growth/development and stress tolerance has been demonstrated in various host plants. However, global metabolomic studies are rare. By using high-throughput gas-chromatography-based mass spectrometry, 549 metabolites of 1,126 total compounds observed were identified in colonized and uncolonized Chinese cabbage roots, and hyphae of P. indica. The analyses demonstrate that the host metabolomic compounds and metabolite pathways are globally reprogrammed after symbiosis with P. indica. Especially, γ-amino butyrate (GABA), oxylipin-family compounds, poly-saturated fatty acids, and auxin and its intermediates were highly induced and de novo synthesized in colonized roots. Conversely, nicotinic acid (niacin) and dimethylallylpyrophosphate were strongly decreased. In vivo assays with exogenously applied compounds confirmed that GABA primes plant immunity toward pathogen attack and enhances high salinity and temperature tolerance. Moreover, generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species stimulated by nicotinic acid is repressed by P. indica, and causes the feasibility of symbiotic interaction. This global metabolomic analysis and the identification of symbiosis-specific metabolites may help to understand how P. indica confers benefits to the host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Da-Sang Hua
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, 106, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Centre, Academia Sinica, 106, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zhihong Tian
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation, College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Kai-Wun Yeh
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, 106, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation, College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
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Bakshi M, Sherameti I, Meichsner D, Thürich J, Varma A, Johri AK, Yeh KW, Oelmüller R. Piriformospora indica Reprograms Gene Expression in Arabidopsis Phosphate Metabolism Mutants But Does Not Compensate for Phosphate Limitation. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1262. [PMID: 28747898 PMCID: PMC5506084 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Piriformospora indica is an endophytic fungus of Sebacinaceae which colonizes the roots of many plant species and confers benefits to the hosts. We demonstrate that approximately 75% of the genes, which respond to P. indica in Arabidopsis roots, differ among seedlings grown on normal phosphate (Pi) or Pi limitation conditions, and among wild-type and the wrky6 mutant impaired in the regulation of the Pi metabolism. Mapman analyses suggest that the fungus activates different signaling, transport, metabolic and developmental programs in the roots of wild-type and wrky6 seedlings under normal and low Pi conditions. Under low Pi, P. indica promotes growth and Pi uptake of wild-type seedlings, and the stimulatory effects are identical for mutants impaired in the PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTERS1;1, -1;2 and -1;4. The data suggest that the fungus does not stimulate Pi uptake, but adapts the expression profiles to Pi limitation in Pi metabolism mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhunita Bakshi
- Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University JenaJena, Germany
| | - Irena Sherameti
- Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University JenaJena, Germany
| | - Doreen Meichsner
- Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University JenaJena, Germany
| | - Johannes Thürich
- Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University JenaJena, Germany
| | - Ajit Varma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity UniversityNoida, India
| | - Atul K Johri
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi, India
| | - Kai-Wun Yeh
- Institute of Plant Biology, Taiwan National UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University JenaJena, Germany
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Khalid M, Hassani D, Bilal M, Liao J, Huang D. Elevation of secondary metabolites synthesis in Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis L. via exogenous inoculation of Piriformospora indica with appropriate fertilizer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177185. [PMID: 28493970 PMCID: PMC5426706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This work evaluated the impact of exogenous soil inoculation of beneficial fungal strain Piriformospora indica on phytochemical changes and the related genes expression of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis L.) by greenhouse pot experiments. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) affirmed that among the different combinations of fungal and organic fertilizer treatments, the phenolic acids and flavonoids were considerably enriched in organic fertilizer and fungi (OP) followed by organic fertilizer, biochar, fungi (OBP) treated plants. The antiradical activity was higher in OP (61.29%) followed by P (60%) and organic fertilizer (OF) (53.84%) inoculated plants which positively correlated with chlorophyll, carotenoids and flavonoids level (P<0.05). Furthermore, results showed that the exogenous application of P. indica significantly (P<0.05) enhanced plant growth, as well as stimulating the activation of chlorophyll, carotenoids and other antioxidant related pathways. The RT-qPCR analysis indicated that key FLS gene triggering the synthesis of kaemferol was up-regulated by the inoculation of P. indica. In conclusion, the results revealed that organic fertilizer and P. indica (OP) is the most appropriate combination for improving phytochemical and antiradical properties in Pakchoi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khalid
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Danial Hassani
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianli Liao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Danfeng Huang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Venneman J, Audenaert K, Verwaeren J, Baert G, Boeckx P, Moango AM, Dhed’a BD, Vereecke D, Haesaert G. Congolese Rhizospheric Soils as a Rich Source of New Plant Growth-Promoting Endophytic Piriformospora Isolates. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:212. [PMID: 28261171 PMCID: PMC5306995 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, there has been an increasing focus on the implementation of plant growth-promoting (PGP) organisms as a sustainable option to compensate for poor soil fertility conditions in developing countries. Trap systems were used in an effort to isolate PGP fungi from rhizospheric soil samples collected in the region around Kisangani in the Democratic Republic of Congo. With sudangrass as a host, a highly conducive environment was created for sebacinalean chlamydospore formation inside the plant roots resulting in a collection of 51 axenically cultured isolates of the elusive genus Piriformospora (recently transferred to the genus Serendipita). Based on morphological data, ISSR fingerprinting profiles and marker gene sequences, we propose that these isolates together with Piriformospora williamsii constitute a species complex designated Piriformospora (= Serendipita) 'williamsii.' A selection of isolates strongly promoted plant growth of in vitro inoculated Arabidopsis seedlings, which was evidenced by an increase in shoot fresh weight and a strong stimulation of lateral root formation. This isolate collection provides unprecedented opportunities for fundamental as well as translational research on the Serendipitaceae, a family of fungal endophytes in full expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Venneman
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Jan Verwaeren
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Geert Baert
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory-ISOFYS, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Adrien M. Moango
- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Kisangani UniversityKisangani, Congo
| | - Benoît D. Dhed’a
- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Kisangani UniversityKisangani, Congo
| | - Danny Vereecke
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
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Padder BA, Kamfwa K, Awale HE, Kelly JD. Transcriptome Profiling of the Phaseolus vulgaris - Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Pathosystem. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165823. [PMID: 27829044 PMCID: PMC5102369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) anthracnose caused by the hemi-biotrophic pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is a major factor limiting production worldwide. Although sources of resistance have been identified and characterized, the early molecular events in the host-pathogen interface have not been investigated. In the current study, we conducted a comprehensive transcriptome analysis using Illumina sequencing of two near isogenic lines (NILs) differing for the presence of the Co-1 gene on chromosome Pv01 during a time course following infection with race 73 of C. lindemuthianum. From this, we identified 3,250 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) within and between the NILs over the time course of infection. During the biotrophic phase the majority of DEGs were up regulated in the susceptible NIL, whereas more DEGs were up-regulated in the resistant NIL during the necrotrophic phase. Various defense related genes, such as those encoding PR proteins, peroxidases, lipoxygenases were up regulated in the resistant NIL. Conversely, genes encoding sugar transporters were up-regulated in the susceptible NIL during the later stages of infection. Additionally, numerous transcription factors (TFs) and candidate genes within the vicinity of the Co-1 locus were differentially expressed, suggesting a global reprogramming of gene expression in and around the Co-1 locus. Through this analysis, we reduced the previous number of candidate genes reported at the Co-1 locus from eight to three. These results suggest the dynamic nature of P. vulgaris-C. lindemuthianum interaction at the transcriptomic level and reflect the role of both pathogen and effector triggered immunity on changes in plant gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal A. Padder
- Dept. of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State Univ., 1066 Bogue St., East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States of America
| | - Kelvin Kamfwa
- Dept. of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State Univ., 1066 Bogue St., East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States of America
| | - Halima E. Awale
- Dept. of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State Univ., 1066 Bogue St., East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States of America
| | - James D. Kelly
- Dept. of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State Univ., 1066 Bogue St., East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States of America
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Weiß M, Waller F, Zuccaro A, Selosse MA. Sebacinales - one thousand and one interactions with land plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:20-40. [PMID: 27193559 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
20 I 21 II 21 III 23 IV 29 V 33 VI 35 36 36 References 36 SUMMARY: Root endophytism and mycorrhizal associations are complex derived traits in fungi that shape plant physiology. Sebacinales (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) display highly diverse interactions with plants. Although early-diverging Sebacinales lineages are root endophytes and/or have saprotrophic abilities, several more derived clades harbour obligate biotrophs forming mycorrhizal associations. Sebacinales thus display transitions from saprotrophy to endophytism and to mycorrhizal nutrition within one fungal order. This review discusses the genomic traits possibly associated with these transitions. We also show how molecular ecology revealed the hyperdiversity of Sebacinales and their evolutionary diversification into two sister families: Sebacinaceae encompasses mainly ectomycorrhizal and early-diverging saprotrophic species; the second family includes endophytes and lineages that repeatedly evolved ericoid, orchid and ectomycorrhizal abilities. We propose the name Serendipitaceae for this family and, within it, we transfer to the genus Serendipita the endophytic cultivable species Piriformospora indica and P. williamsii. Such cultivable Serendipitaceae species provide excellent models for root endophytism, especially because of available genomes, genetic tractability, and broad host plant range including important crop plants and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We review insights gained with endophytic Serendipitaceae species into the molecular mechanisms of endophytism and of beneficial effects on host plants, including enhanced resistance to abiotic and pathogen stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weiß
- Steinbeis-Innovationszentrum Organismische Mykologie und Mikrobiologie, Vor dem Kreuzberg 17, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Waller
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius von Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alga Zuccaro
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), BioCenter, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marc-André Selosse
- Département Systématique et Evolution (UMR 7205 ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CP 50, 45 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Hong Y, Zhao J, Guo L, Kim SC, Deng X, Wang G, Zhang G, Li M, Wang X. Plant phospholipases D and C and their diverse functions in stress responses. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 62:55-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Shumbe L, Chevalier A, Legeret B, Taconnat L, Monnet F, Havaux M. Singlet Oxygen-Induced Cell Death in Arabidopsis under High-Light Stress Is Controlled by OXI1 Kinase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:1757-71. [PMID: 26747288 PMCID: PMC4775124 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the singlet oxygen ((1)O2)-overproducing flu and chlorina1 (ch1) mutants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have shown that (1)O2-induced changes in gene expression can lead to either programmed cell death (PCD) or acclimation. A transcriptomic analysis of the ch1 mutant has allowed the identification of genes whose expression is specifically affected by each phenomenon. One such gene is OXIDATIVE SIGNAL INDUCIBLE1 (OXI1) encoding an AGC kinase that was noticeably induced by excess light energy and (1)O2 stress conditions leading to cell death. Photo-induced oxidative damage and cell death were drastically reduced in the OXI1 null mutant (oxi1) and in the double mutant ch1*oxi1 compared with the wild type and the ch1 single mutant, respectively. This occurred without any changes in the production rate of (1)O2 but was cancelled by exogenous applications of the phytohormone jasmonate. OXI1-mediated (1)O2 signaling appeared to operate through a different pathway from the previously characterized OXI1-dependent response to pathogens and H2O2 and was found to be independent of the EXECUTER proteins. In high-light-stressed plants, the oxi1 mutation was associated with reduced jasmonate levels and with the up-regulation of genes encoding negative regulators of jasmonate signaling and PCD. Our results show that OXI1 is a new regulator of (1)O2-induced PCD, likely acting upstream of jasmonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Shumbe
- CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);CNRS, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);Aix-Marseille Université, F-13284 Marseille, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Rue de Noetzlin, 91405 Orsay, France (L.T.); andUniversité Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.)
| | - Anne Chevalier
- CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);CNRS, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);Aix-Marseille Université, F-13284 Marseille, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Rue de Noetzlin, 91405 Orsay, France (L.T.); andUniversité Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.)
| | - Bertrand Legeret
- CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);CNRS, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);Aix-Marseille Université, F-13284 Marseille, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Rue de Noetzlin, 91405 Orsay, France (L.T.); andUniversité Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.)
| | - Ludivine Taconnat
- CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);CNRS, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);Aix-Marseille Université, F-13284 Marseille, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Rue de Noetzlin, 91405 Orsay, France (L.T.); andUniversité Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.)
| | - Fabien Monnet
- CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);CNRS, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);Aix-Marseille Université, F-13284 Marseille, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Rue de Noetzlin, 91405 Orsay, France (L.T.); andUniversité Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.)
| | - Michel Havaux
- CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);CNRS, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);Aix-Marseille Université, F-13284 Marseille, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Rue de Noetzlin, 91405 Orsay, France (L.T.); andUniversité Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.)
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Nath M, Bhatt D, Prasad R, Gill SS, Anjum NA, Tuteja N. Reactive Oxygen Species Generation-Scavenging and Signaling during Plant-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Piriformospora indica Interaction under Stress Condition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1574. [PMID: 27818671 PMCID: PMC5073151 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A defined balance between the generation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential to utilize ROS as an adaptive defense response of plants under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Moreover, ROS are not only a major determinant of stress response but also act as signaling molecule that regulates various cellular processes including plant-microbe interaction. In particular, rhizosphere constitutes the biologically dynamic zone for plant-microbe interactions which forms a mutual link leading to reciprocal signaling in both the partners. Among plant-microbe interactions, symbiotic associations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and arbuscular mycorrhizal-like fungus especially Piriformospora indica with plants are well known to improve plant growth by alleviating the stress-impacts and consequently enhance the plant fitness. AMF and P. indica colonization mainly enhances ROS-metabolism, maintains ROS-homeostasis, and thereby averts higher ROS-level accrued inhibition in plant cellular processes and plant growth and survival under stressful environments. This article summarizes the major outcomes of the recent reports on the ROS-generation, scavenging and signaling in biotic-abiotic stressed plants with AMF and P. indica colonization. Overall, a detailed exploration of ROS-signature kinetics during plant-AMF/P. indica interaction can help in designing innovative strategies for improving plant health and productivity under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Nath
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar PradeshNoida, India
- *Correspondence: Manoj Nath, Narendra Tuteja,
| | - Deepesh Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Shree Ramkrishna Institute of Computer Education and Applied Sciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat UniversitySurat, India
| | - Ram Prasad
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar PradeshNoida, India
| | - Sarvajeet S. Gill
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand UniversityRohtak, India
| | - Naser A. Anjum
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Chemistry, University of AveiroAveiro, Portugal
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar PradeshNoida, India
- *Correspondence: Manoj Nath, Narendra Tuteja,
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50
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Bakshi M, Vahabi K, Bhattacharya S, Sherameti I, Varma A, Yeh KW, Baldwin I, Johri AK, Oelmüller R. WRKY6 restricts Piriformospora indica-stimulated and phosphate-induced root development in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:305. [PMID: 26718529 PMCID: PMC4697310 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arabidopsis root growth is stimulated by Piriformospora indica, phosphate limitation and inactivation of the WRKY6 transcription factor. Combinations of these factors induce unexpected alterations in root and shoot growth, root architecture and root gene expression profiles. RESULTS The results demonstrate that P. indica promotes phosphate uptake and root development under Pi limitation in wrky6 mutant. This is associated with the stimulation of PHOSPHATE1 expression and ethylene production. Expression profiles from the roots of wrky6 seedlings identified genes involved in hormone metabolism, transport, meristem, cell and plastid proliferation, and growth regulation. 25 miRNAs were also up-regulated in these roots. We generated and discuss here a list of common genes which are regulated in growing roots and which are common to all three growth stimuli investigated in this study. CONCLUSION Since root development of wrky6 plants exposed to P. indica under phosphate limitation is strongly promoted, we propose that common genes which respond to all three growth stimuli are central for the control of root growth and architecture. They can be tested for optimizing root growth in model and agricultural plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhunita Bakshi
- Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburgerstr. 159, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Khabat Vahabi
- Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburgerstr. 159, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Samik Bhattacharya
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Irena Sherameti
- Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburgerstr. 159, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Ajit Varma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, AUUP, Noida, India.
| | - Kai-Wun Yeh
- Institute of Plant Biology, Taiwan National University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ian Baldwin
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Atul Kumar Johri
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburgerstr. 159, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
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