1
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Kavaliauskas P, Gu Y, Hasin N, Graf KT, Alqarihi A, Shetty AC, McCracken C, Walsh TJ, Ibrahim AS, Bruno VM. Multiple roles for hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha in airway epithelial cells during mucormycosis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5282. [PMID: 38902255 PMCID: PMC11190229 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
During pulmonary mucormycosis, inhaled sporangiospores adhere to, germinate, and invade airway epithelial cells to establish infection. We provide evidence that HIF1α plays dual roles in airway epithelial cells during Mucorales infection. We observed an increase in HIF1α protein accumulation and increased expression of many known HIF1α-responsive genes during in vitro infection, indicating that HIF1α signaling is activated by Mucorales infection. Inhibition of HIF1α signaling led to a substantial decrease in the ability of R. delemar to invade cultured airway epithelial cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that R. delemar infection induces the expression of many pro-inflammatory genes whose expression was significantly reduced by HIF1α inhibition. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of HIF1α increased survival in a mouse model of pulmonary mucormycosis without reducing fungal burden. These results suggest that HIF1α plays two opposing roles during mucormycosis: one that facilitates the ability of Mucorales to invade the host cells and one that facilitates the ability of the host to mount an innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Povilas Kavaliauskas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yiyou Gu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Naushaba Hasin
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Millipore Sigma, 9900 Blackwell Road, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Karen T Graf
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Abdullah Alqarihi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Amol C Shetty
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Carrie McCracken
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Thomas J Walsh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Innovative Therapeutics and Diagnostics, 6641 West Broad St., Room 100, Richmond, VA, 23220, USA
| | - Ashraf S Ibrahim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Vincent M Bruno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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2
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Lee CK, Oliveira LVN, Akalin A, Specht CA, Lourenco D, Gomez CL, Ramirez-Ortiz ZG, Wang JP, Levitz SM. Dysregulated pulmonary inflammatory responses exacerbate the outcome of secondary aspergillosis following influenza. mBio 2023; 14:e0163323. [PMID: 37681974 PMCID: PMC10653922 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01633-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Severe influenza is a risk factor for fatal invasive pulmonary aspergillosis; however, the mechanistic basis for the lethality is unclear. Utilizing an influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) model, we found that mice infected with influenza A virus followed by Aspergillus fumigatus had 100% mortality when superinfected during the early stages of influenza but survived at later stages. While superinfected mice had dysregulated pulmonary inflammatory responses compared to controls, they had neither increased inflammation nor extensive fungal growth. Although influenza-infected mice had dampened neutrophil recruitment to the lungs following subsequent challenge with A. fumigatus, influenza did not affect the ability of neutrophils to clear the fungi. Our data suggest that the lethality seen in our model of IAPA is multifactorial with dysregulated inflammation being a greater contributor than uncontrollable microbial growth. If confirmed in humans, our findings provide a rationale for clinical studies of adjuvant anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment of IAPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrono K. Lee
- Department of Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lorena V. N. Oliveira
- Department of Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ali Akalin
- Department of Pathology, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles A. Specht
- Department of Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diana Lourenco
- Department of Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina L. Gomez
- Department of Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zaida G. Ramirez-Ortiz
- Department of Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer P. Wang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stuart M. Levitz
- Department of Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Puerner C, Vellanki S, Strauch JL, Cramer RA. Recent Advances in Understanding the Human Fungal Pathogen Hypoxia Response in Disease Progression. Annu Rev Microbiol 2023; 77:403-425. [PMID: 37713457 PMCID: PMC11034785 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-021745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Fungal-mediated disease progression and antifungal drug efficacy are significantly impacted by the dynamic infection microenvironment. At the site of infection, oxygen often becomes limiting and induces a hypoxia response in both the fungal pathogen and host cells. The fungal hypoxia response impacts several important aspects of fungal biology that contribute to pathogenesis, virulence, antifungal drug susceptibility, and ultimately infection outcomes. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the hypoxia response in the most common human fungal pathogens, discuss potential therapeutic opportunities, and highlight important areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Puerner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA;
| | - Sandeep Vellanki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA;
| | - Julianne L Strauch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA;
- Department of Biology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Robert A Cramer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA;
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4
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Liu H, Shetty AC, Ibrahim AS, Filler SG, Bruno VM. Novel Host Pathways Govern Epithelial Cell Invasion of Aspergillus fumigatus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0008423. [PMID: 37255456 PMCID: PMC10434228 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00084-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis is initiated when Aspergillus fumigatus adheres to and invades the pulmonary epithelial cells that line the airways and alveoli. To gain deeper insight into how pulmonary epithelial cells respond to A. fumigatus invasion, we used transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) to determine the transcriptional response of the A549 type II alveolar epithelial cell line to infection with strains CEA10 and Af293, two clinical isolates of A. fumigatus. Upstream regulator analysis of the data indicated that while both strains activated virtually identical host cell signaling pathways after 16 h of infection, only strain CEA10 activated these pathways after 6 h of infection. Many of the pathways that were predicted to be activated by A. fumigatus, including the tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-17A, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and TLR4 pathways, are known to be critical for the host defense against this fungus. We also found that the platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF BB) and progesterone receptor (PGR) pathways were activated by A. fumigatus. Using pharmacologic inhibitors, we determined that blocking the PDGF receptor or PGR inhibited the endocytosis of both strains of A. fumigatus in an additive manner. Both the PDGF BB and PGR pathways are also predicted to be activated by infection of A549 cells with other molds, such as Rhizopus delemar and Rhizopus oryzae. Thus, these pathways may represent a common response of pulmonary epithelial cells to mold infection. IMPORTANCE Invasive aspergillosis is a deadly invasive fungal infection that initiates when Aspergillus fumigatus spores are inhaled and come into contact with the epithelial cells that line the airways and alveoli. Understanding this fungus-host interaction is important for the development of novel therapeutics. To gain a deeper understanding of how these airway epithelial cells respond to A. fumigatus during infection, we used RNA-seq to determine the transcriptional response of alveolar epithelial cells to infection with two different clinical isolates of A. fumigatus. Our analysis identified new host response pathways that have not previously been tied to infection with A. fumigatus. Pharmacological inhibition of two of these pathways inhibited the ability of A. fumigatus to invade airway epithelial cells. These two pathways are also predicted to be activated by infection with other filamentous fungi. Thus, these pathways may represent a common response of alveolar epithelial cells to mold infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Amol C. Shetty
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashraf S. Ibrahim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Scott G. Filler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Vincent M. Bruno
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Lee CK, Oliveira LVN, Akalin A, Specht CA, Lourenco D, Gomez CL, Ramirez-Ortiz ZG, Wang JP, Levitz SM. Dysregulated Pulmonary Inflammatory Responses Exacerbate the Outcome of Secondary Aspergillosis Following Influenza. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.27.546808. [PMID: 37425745 PMCID: PMC10326983 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.27.546808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of airborne conidia of the ubiquitous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus commonly occurs but invasive aspergillosis is rare except in profoundly immunocompromised persons. Severe influenza predisposes patients to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis by mechanisms that are poorly defined. Using a post-influenza aspergillosis model, we found that superinfected mice had 100% mortality when challenged with A. fumigatus conidia on days 2 and 5 (early stages) of influenza A virus infection but 100% survival when challenged on days 8 and 14 (late stages). Influenza-infected mice superinfected with A. fumigatus had increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines IL-6, TNFα, IFNβ, IL-12p70, IL-1α, IL-1β, CXCL1, G-CSF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES and MCP-1. Surprisingly, on histopathological analysis, superinfected mice did not have greater lung inflammation compared with mice infected with influenza alone. Mice infected with influenza had dampened neutrophil recruitment to the lungs following subsequent challenge with A. fumigatus , but only if the fungal challenge was executed during the early stages of influenza infection. However, influenza infection did not have a major effect on neutrophil phagocytosis and killing of A. fumigatus conidia. Moreover, minimal germination of conidia was seen on histopathology even in the superinfected mice. Taken together, our data suggest that the high mortality rate seen in mice during the early stages of influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis is multifactorial, with a greater contribution from dysregulated inflammation than microbial growth. Importance Severe influenza is a risk factor for fatal invasive pulmonary aspergillosis; however, the mechanistic basis for the lethality is unclear. Utilizing an influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) model, we found that mice infected with influenza A virus followed by A. fumigatus had 100% mortality when superinfected during the early stages of influenza but survived at later stages. While superinfected mice had dysregulated pulmonary inflammatory responses compared to controls, they had neither increased inflammation nor extensive fungal growth. Although influenza-infected mice had dampened neutrophil recruitment to the lungs following subsequent challenge with A. fumigatus , influenza did not affect the ability of neutrophils to clear the fungi. Our data suggest that the lethality seen in our model IAPA is multifactorial with dysregulated inflammation being a greater contributor than uncontrollable microbial growth. If confirmed in humans, our findings provide a rationale for clinical studies of adjuvant anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment of IAPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrono K. Lee
- Department of Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Lorena V. N. Oliveira
- Department of Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Ali Akalin
- Department of Pathology, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Charles A. Specht
- Department of Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Diana Lourenco
- Department of Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Christina L. Gomez
- Department of Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Zaida G. Ramirez-Ortiz
- Department of Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer P. Wang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Stuart M. Levitz
- Department of Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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6
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Pariano M, Puccetti M, Stincardini C, Napolioni V, Gatticchi L, Galarini R, Renga G, Barola C, Bellet MM, D'Onofrio F, Nunzi E, Bartoli A, Antognelli C, Cariani L, Russo M, Porcaro L, Colombo C, Majo F, Lucidi V, Montemitro E, Fiscarelli E, Ellemunter H, Lass-Flörl C, Ricci M, Costantini C, Giovagnoli S, Romani L. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonism Antagonizes the Hypoxia-driven Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:288-301. [PMID: 36252182 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0196oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia contributes to the exaggerated yet ineffective airway inflammation that fails to oppose infections in cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the potential for impairment of essential immune functions by HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1α) inhibition demands a better comprehension of downstream hypoxia-dependent pathways that are amenable for manipulation. We assessed here whether hypoxia may interfere with the activity of AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor), a versatile environmental sensor highly expressed in the lungs, where it plays a homeostatic role. We used murine models of Aspergillus fumigatus infection in vivo and human cells in vitro to define the functional role of AhR in CF, evaluate the impact of hypoxia on AhR expression and activity, and assess whether AhR agonism may antagonize hypoxia-driven inflammation. We demonstrated that there is an important interferential cross-talk between the AhR and HIF-1α signaling pathways in murine and human CF, in that HIF-1α induction squelched the normal AhR response through an impaired formation of the AhR:ARNT (aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator)/HIF-1β heterodimer. However, functional studies and analysis of the AhR genetic variability in patients with CF proved that AhR agonism could prevent hypoxia-driven inflammation, restore immune homeostasis, and improve lung function. This study emphasizes the contribution of environmental factors, such as infections, in CF disease progression and suggests the exploitation of hypoxia:xenobiotic receptor cross-talk for antiinflammatory therapy in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Puccetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Valerio Napolioni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Galarini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell' Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati," Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Carolina Barola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell' Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati," Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lisa Cariani
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Russo
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Porcaro
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Italy
| | - Carla Colombo
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Helmut Ellemunter
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Maurizio Ricci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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7
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Pereverzeva L, Otto NA, Peters-Sengers H, Roelofs JJTH, de Vos AF, van der Poll T. Role of Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in host defense during pneumococcal pneumonia. Pathog Dis 2023; 81:6939823. [PMID: 36535641 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α is a transcription factor involved in cellular metabolism and regulation of immune cell effector functions. Here, we studied the role of HIF1α in myeloid cells during pneumonia caused by the major causative pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spneu). Mice deficient for HIF1α in myeloid cells (LysMcreHif1αfl/fl) were generated to study the in vitro responsiveness of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and alveolar macrophages (AMs) to the Gram-positive bacterial wall component lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and heat-killed Spneu, and the in vivo host response after infection with Spneu via the airways. Both BMDMs and AMs released more lactate upon stimulation with LTA or Spneu, indicative of enhanced glycolysis; HIF1α-deficiency in these cells was associated with diminished lactate release. In BMDMs, HIF1α-deficiency resulted in reduced secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and interleukin (IL)-6 upon activation with Spneu but not LTA, while HIF1α-deficient AMs secreted less TNFα and IL-6 in response to LTA, and TNFα after Spneu stimulation. However, no difference was found in the host response of LysMcreHif1αfl/fl mice after Spneu infection as compared to controls. Similar in vivo findings were obtained in neutrophil (Mrp8creHif1αfl/fl) HIF1α-deficient mice. These data suggest that myeloid HIF1α is dispensable for the host defense during pneumococcal pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Pereverzeva
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Natasja A Otto
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hessel Peters-Sengers
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joris J T H Roelofs
- Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alex F de Vos
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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8
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Su H, Yi J, Tsui CK, Li C, Zhu J, Li L, Zhang Q, Zhu Y, Xu J, Zhu M, Han J. HIF1-α upregulation induces proinflammatory factors to boost host killing capacity after Aspergillus fumigatus exposure. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:27-41. [PMID: 36472203 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: HIF1-α is an important transcription factor in the regulation of the immune response. The protective function of HIF1-α in the host epithelial immune response to Aspergillus fumigatus requires further clarification. Methods: In this study we demonstrated the effect of upregulation of HIF1-α expression in A549 cells and mouse airway cells exposed to A. fumigatus in vivo. Results: The killing capacity was enhanced by boosting proinflammatory factors both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, airway inflammation was reduced in the HIF1-α-upregulated mice. Conclusion: We identified a protective role for HIF1-α in anti-A. fumigatus immunity. Modulation of HIF1-α might be a target for the development of aspergillosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Su
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jiu Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai, 200052, China
| | - Clement Km Tsui
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T1Z3, Canada.,National Center for Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng hospital, 308442, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Junhao Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuanjie Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai, 200052, China
| | - Jinhua Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jiande Han
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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9
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de Carvalho Patricio BF, da Silva Lopes Pereira JO, Sarcinelli MA, de Moraes BPT, Rocha HVA, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF. Could the Lung Be a Gateway for Amphotericin B to Attack the Army of Fungi? Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2707. [PMID: 36559201 PMCID: PMC9784761 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal diseases are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, primarily affecting immunocompromised patients. Aspergillus, Pneumocystis, and Cryptococcus are opportunistic fungi and may cause severe lung disease. They can develop mechanisms to evade the host immune system and colonize or cause lung disease. Current fungal infection treatments constitute a few classes of antifungal drugs with significant fungi resistance development. Amphotericin B (AmB) has a broad-spectrum antifungal effect with a low incidence of resistance. However, AmB is a highly lipophilic antifungal with low solubility and permeability and is unstable in light, heat, and oxygen. Due to the difficulty of achieving adequate concentrations of AmB in the lung by intravenous administration and seeking to minimize adverse effects, nebulized AmB has been used. The pulmonary pathway has advantages such as its rapid onset of action, low metabolic activity at the site of action, ability to avoid first-pass hepatic metabolism, lower risk of adverse effects, and thin thickness of the alveolar epithelium. This paper presented different strategies for pulmonary AmB delivery, detailing the potential of nanoformulation and hoping to foster research in the field. Our finds indicate that despite an optimistic scenario for the pulmonary formulation of AmB based on the encouraging results discussed here, there is still no product registration on the FDA nor any clinical trial undergoing ClinicalTrial.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Ferreira de Carvalho Patricio
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Biomedical Institute, Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, 94 Frei Caneca Street, Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Biomedical Institute, Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, 94 Frei Caneca Street, Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
| | | | - Michelle Alvares Sarcinelli
- Laboratory of Micro and Nanotechnology, Institute of Technology of Drugs, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil Av., 4036, Rio de Janeiro 213040-361, Brazil
| | - Bianca Portugal Tavares de Moraes
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Rua Prof. Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis, Niterói 24210-201, Brazil
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Biomedical Institute, Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, 94 Frei Caneca Street, Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
| | - Helvécio Vinicius Antunes Rocha
- Laboratory of Micro and Nanotechnology, Institute of Technology of Drugs, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil Av., 4036, Rio de Janeiro 213040-361, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Biomedical Institute, Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, 94 Frei Caneca Street, Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Rua Prof. Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis, Niterói 24210-201, Brazil
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Biomedical Institute, Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, 94 Frei Caneca Street, Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
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10
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da Silva-Ferreira S, Duarte-Oliveira C, Antunes D, Barbosa-Matos C, Mendes-Frias A, Torrado E, Costa S, Silvestre R, Cunha C, Carvalho A. Hypoxia inducible-factor 1 alpha regulates neutrophil recruitment during fungal-elicited granulomatous inflammation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1005839. [PMID: 36275017 PMCID: PMC9582458 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1005839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a devastating disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. The characteristic granulomatous-like inflammation poses as the major setback to effective antifungal therapies by limiting drug access to fungi. These inflammatory lung structures are reported to be severely hypoxic; nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms whereby these processes contribute to fungal persistence remain largely unknown. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), besides being the major cellular response regulator to hypoxia, is a known central immune modulator. Here, we used a model of Aspergillus fumigatus airway infection in myeloid-restricted HIF-1α knock-out (mHif1α-/-) mice to replicate the complex structures resembling fungal granulomas and evaluate the contribution of HIF-1α to antifungal immunity and disease development. We found that fungal-elicited granulomas in mHif1α-/- mice had significantly smaller areas, along with extensive hyphal growth and increased lung fungal burden. This phenotype was associated with defective neutrophil recruitment and an increased neutrophil death, therefore highlighting a central role for HIF-1α-mediated regulation of neutrophil function in the pathogenesis of chronic fungal infection. These results hold the promise of an improved capacity to manage the progression of chronic fungal disease and open new avenues for additional therapeutic targets and niches of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara da Silva-Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s– PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Cláudio Duarte-Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s– PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Daniela Antunes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s– PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Catarina Barbosa-Matos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s– PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Mendes-Frias
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s– PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Egídio Torrado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s– PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Sandra Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s– PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Silvestre
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s– PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s– PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s– PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Agostinho Carvalho,
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11
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Heck-Swain KL, Li J, Ruan W, Yuan X, Wang Y, Koeppen M, Eltzschig HK. Myeloid hypoxia-inducible factor HIF1A provides cardio-protection during ischemia and reperfusion via induction of netrin-1. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:970415. [PMID: 36247475 PMCID: PMC9554136 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.970415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor HIF1A induces cardioprotection from ischemia and reperfusion injury. Here, we investigate tissue-specific pathways that are critical for HIF1A-elicited tissue protection. Initial studies showed that mice with induced global Hif1a deletion (Hif1aloxP/loxP UbiquitinCre+) have exaggerated myocardial injury during in situ ischemia and reperfusion. Surprisingly, this phenotype was mirrored only in mice with myeloid-specific Hif1a deletion (Hif1a loxP/loxP LysM Cre+). In contrast, mice with myocardial specific (Hif1aloxP/loxP Myosin Cre+), or vascular Hif1a deletion (Hif1aloxP/loxP VEcadherin Cre+) experienced similar levels of injury as controls. Subsequent studies using adoptive transfer of Hif1a-deficient polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) prior to myocardial injury demonstrated increased reperfusion injury. On the contrary, the adoptive transfer of PMNs treated ex vivo with the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) stabilizer dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) was associated with attenuated myocardial injury. Furthermore, DMOG-mediated cardioprotection was abolished in Hif1aloxP/loxP LysM Cre+ mice, but not in Hif2aloxP/loxP LysM Cre+ mice. Finally, studies of PMN-dependent HIF1A target genes implicated the neuronal guidance molecule netrin-1 in mediating the cardioprotective effects of myeloid HIF1A. Taken together, the present studies identified a functional role for myeloid-expressed HIF1A in providing cardioprotection during ischemia and reperfusion injury, which is mediated, at least in part, by the induction of the netrin-1 neuronal guidance molecule in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Lin Heck-Swain
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Tübingen University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jiwen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yanyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael Koeppen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Tübingen University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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12
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Feys S, Gonçalves SM, Khan M, Choi S, Boeckx B, Chatelain D, Cunha C, Debaveye Y, Hermans G, Hertoghs M, Humblet-Baron S, Jacobs C, Lagrou K, Marcelis L, Maizel J, Meersseman P, Nyga R, Seldeslachts L, Starick MR, Thevissen K, Vandenbriele C, Vanderbeke L, Vande Velde G, Van Regenmortel N, Vanstapel A, Vanmassenhove S, Wilmer A, Van De Veerdonk FL, De Hertogh G, Mombaerts P, Lambrechts D, Carvalho A, Van Weyenbergh J, Wauters J. Lung epithelial and myeloid innate immunity in influenza-associated or COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: an observational study. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2022; 10:1147-1159. [PMID: 36029799 PMCID: PMC9401975 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) and COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) affect about 15% of critically ill patients with influenza or COVID-19, respectively. These viral-fungal coinfections are difficult to diagnose and are associated with increased mortality, but data on their pathophysiology are scarce. We aimed to explore the role of lung epithelial and myeloid innate immunity in patients with IAPA or CAPA. METHODS In this observational study, we retrospectively recruited patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium, requiring non-invasive or invasive ventilation because of severe influenza or COVID-19, with or without aspergillosis, between Jan 1, 2011, and March 31, 2021, whose bronchoalveolar lavage samples were available at the hospital biobank. Additionally, biobanked in vivo tracheobronchial biopsy samples from patients with IAPA or CAPA and invasive Aspergillus tracheobronchitis admitted to ICUs requiring invasive ventilation between the same dates were collected from University Hospitals Leuven, Hospital Network Antwerp (Belgium), and Amiens-Picardie University Hospital (France). We did nCounter gene expression analysis of 755 genes linked to myeloid innate immunity and protein analysis of 47 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors on the bronchoalveolar lavage samples. Gene expression data were used to infer cell fractions by use of CIBERSORTx, to perform hypergeometric enrichment pathway analysis and gene set enrichment analysis, and to calculate pathway module scores for the IL-1β, TNF-α, type I IFN, and type II IFN (IFNγ) pathways. We did RNAScope targeting influenza virus or SARS-CoV-2 RNA and GeoMx spatial transcriptomics on the tracheobronchial biopsy samples. FINDINGS Biobanked bronchoalveolar lavage samples were retrieved from 166 eligible patients, of whom 40 had IAPA, 52 had influenza without aspergillosis, 33 had CAPA, and 41 had COVID-19 without aspergillosis. We did nCounter gene expression analysis on bronchoalveolar lavage samples from 134 patients, protein analysis on samples from 162 patients, and both types of analysis on samples from 130 patients. We performed RNAScope and spatial transcriptomics on the tracheobronchial biopsy samples from two patients with IAPA plus invasive Aspergillus tracheobronchitis and two patients with CAPA plus invasive Aspergillus tracheobronchitis. We observed a downregulation of genes associated with antifungal effector functions in patients with IAPA and, to a lesser extent, in patients with CAPA. We found a downregulated expression of several genes encoding proteins with functions in the opsonisation, recognition, and killing of conidia in patients with IAPA versus influenza only and in patients with CAPA versus COVID-19 only. Several genes related to LC3-associated phagocytosis, autophagy, or both were differentially expressed. Patients with CAPA had significantly lower neutrophil cell fractions than did patients with COVID-19 only. Patients with IAPA or CAPA had downregulated IFNγ signalling compared with patients with influenza only or COVID-19 only, respectively. The concentrations of several fibrosis-related growth factors were significantly elevated in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with IAPA versus influenza only and from patients with CAPA versus COVID-19 only. In one patient with CAPA, we visualised an active or very recent SARS-CoV-2 infection disrupting the epithelial barrier, facilitating tissue-invasive aspergillosis. INTERPRETATION Our results reveal a three-level breach in antifungal immunity in IAPA and CAPA, affecting the integrity of the epithelial barrier, the capacity to phagocytise and kill Aspergillus spores, and the ability to destroy Aspergillus hyphae, which is mainly mediated by neutrophils. The potential of adjuvant IFNγ in the treatment of IAPA and CAPA should be investigated. FUNDING Research Foundation Flanders, Coronafonds, the Max Planck Society, the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, the European Regional Development Fund, "la Caixa" Foundation, and Horizon 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Feys
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Medical Intensive Care Uni, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samuel M Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mona Khan
- Max Planck Research Unit for Neurogenetics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sumin Choi
- Max Planck Research Unit for Neurogenetics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bram Boeckx
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Denis Chatelain
- Department of Pathology, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Yves Debaveye
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Hermans
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Medical Intensive Care Uni, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marjan Hertoghs
- Department of Pathology, Network Hospitals GZA-ZNA, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Cato Jacobs
- Medical Intensive Care Uni, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Lagrou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Mycosis, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lukas Marcelis
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julien Maizel
- Department of Medical Intensive Care, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Philippe Meersseman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Medical Intensive Care Uni, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rémy Nyga
- Department of Medical Intensive Care, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | | | | | - Karin Thevissen
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Vandenbriele
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lore Vanderbeke
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Medical Intensive Care Uni, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Niels Van Regenmortel
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, ZNA Stuivenberg, Antwerp, Belgium,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Arno Vanstapel
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sam Vanmassenhove
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander Wilmer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Medical Intensive Care Uni, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Gert De Hertogh
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Mombaerts
- Max Planck Research Unit for Neurogenetics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Johan Van Weyenbergh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost Wauters
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Medical Intensive Care Uni, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Correspondence to: Dr Joost Wauters, Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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13
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Gonçalves SM, Ferreira AV, Cunha C, Carvalho A. Targeting immunometabolism in host-directed therapies to fungal disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 208:158-166. [PMID: 35641161 PMCID: PMC9188340 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections affect over a billion people and are responsible for more than 1.5 million deaths each year. Despite progress in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, the management of severe fungal infections remains a challenge. Recently, the reprogramming of cellular metabolism has emerged as a central mechanism through which the effector functions of immune cells are supported to promote antifungal activity. An improved understanding of the immunometabolic signatures that orchestrate antifungal immunity, together with the dissection of the mechanisms that underlie heterogeneity in individual immune responses, may therefore unveil new targets amenable to adjunctive host-directed therapies. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the metabolic regulation of host-fungus interactions and antifungal immune responses, and outline targetable pathways and mechanisms with promising therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Anaísa V Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
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14
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Sykes DB, Martinelli MM, Negoro P, Xu S, Maxcy K, Timmer K, Viens AL, Alexander NJ, Atallah J, Snarr BD, Baistrocchi SR, Atallah NJ, Hopke A, Scherer A, Rosales I, Irimia D, Sheppard DC, Mansour MK. Transfusable neutrophil progenitors as cellular therapy for the prevention of invasive fungal infections. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:1133-1145. [PMID: 35355310 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4hi1221-722r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of mature neutrophil (granulocyte) transfusions for the treatment of neutropenic patients with invasive fungal infections (IFIs) has been the focus of multiple clinical trials. Despite these efforts, the transfusion of mature neutrophils has resulted in limited clinical benefit, likely owing to problems of insufficient numbers and the very short lifespan of these donor cells. In this report, we employed a system of conditionally immortalized murine neutrophil progenitors that are capable of continuous expansion, allowing for the generation of unlimited numbers of homogenous granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMPs). These GMPs were assayed in vivo to demonstrate their effect on survival in 2 models of IFI: candidemia and pulmonary aspergillosis. Mature neutrophils derived from GMPs executed all cardinal functions of neutrophils. Transfused GMPs homed to the bone marrow and spleen, where they completed normal differentiation to mature neutrophils. These neutrophils were capable of homing and extravasation in response to inflammatory stimuli using a sterile peritoneal challenge model. Furthermore, conditionally immortalized GMP transfusions significantly improved survival in models of candidemia and pulmonary aspergillosis. These data confirm the therapeutic benefit of prophylactic GMP transfusions in the setting of neutropenia and encourage development of progenitor cellular therapies for the management of fungal disease in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Sykes
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michelle M Martinelli
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paige Negoro
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuying Xu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katrina Maxcy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyle Timmer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam L Viens
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Natalie J Alexander
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Johnny Atallah
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brendan D Snarr
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Natalie J Atallah
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alex Hopke
- BioMEMS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allison Scherer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ivy Rosales
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Irimia
- BioMEMS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donald C Sheppard
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael K Mansour
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Salazar F, Bignell E, Brown GD, Cook PC, Warris A. Pathogenesis of Respiratory Viral and Fungal Coinfections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2022; 35:e0009421. [PMID: 34788127 PMCID: PMC8597983 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00094-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals suffering from severe viral respiratory tract infections have recently emerged as "at risk" groups for developing invasive fungal infections. Influenza virus is one of the most common causes of acute lower respiratory tract infections worldwide. Fungal infections complicating influenza pneumonia are associated with increased disease severity and mortality, with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis being the most common manifestation. Strikingly, similar observations have been made during the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The copathogenesis of respiratory viral and fungal coinfections is complex and involves a dynamic interplay between the host immune defenses and the virulence of the microbes involved that often results in failure to return to homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the main mechanisms underlying susceptibility to invasive fungal disease following respiratory viral infections. A comprehensive understanding of these interactions will aid the development of therapeutic modalities against newly identified targets to prevent and treat these emerging coinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Salazar
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Bignell
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon D. Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C. Cook
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Adilia Warris
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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16
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Restraint of Fumarate Accrual by HIF-1α Preserves miR-27a-Mediated Limitation of Interleukin 10 during Infection of Macrophages by Histoplasma capsulatum. mBio 2021; 12:e0271021. [PMID: 34749531 PMCID: PMC8576535 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02710-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) regulates the immunometabolic phenotype of macrophages, including the orchestration of inflammatory and antimicrobial processes. Macrophages deficient in HIF-1α produce excessive quantities of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) during infection with the intracellular fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum (R. A. Fecher, M. C. Horwath, D. Friedrich, J. Rupp, G. S. Deepe, J Immunol 197:565–579, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1600342). Thus, the macrophage fails to become activated in response to proinflammatory cytokines and remains the intracellular niche of the pathogen. Here, we identify the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolite fumarate as the driver of IL-10 during macrophage infection with H. capsulatum in the absence of HIF-1α. Accumulation of fumarate reduced expression of a HIF-1α-dependent microRNA (miRNA), miR-27a, known to mediate decay of Il10 mRNA. Inhibition of fumarate accrual in vivo limited IL-10 and fungal growth. Our data demonstrate the critical role of HIF-1α in shaping appropriate TCA cycle activity in response to infection and highlight the consequences of a dysregulated immunometabolic response.
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17
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Arastehfar A, Carvalho A, Houbraken J, Lombardi L, Garcia-Rubio R, Jenks J, Rivero-Menendez O, Aljohani R, Jacobsen I, Berman J, Osherov N, Hedayati M, Ilkit M, Armstrong-James D, Gabaldón T, Meletiadis J, Kostrzewa M, Pan W, Lass-Flörl C, Perlin D, Hoenigl M. Aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillosis: From basics to clinics. Stud Mycol 2021; 100:100115. [PMID: 34035866 PMCID: PMC8131930 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2021.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The airborne fungus Aspergillus fumigatus poses a serious health threat to humans by causing numerous invasive infections and a notable mortality in humans, especially in immunocompromised patients. Mould-active azoles are the frontline therapeutics employed to treat aspergillosis. The global emergence of azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates in clinic and environment, however, notoriously limits the therapeutic options of mould-active antifungals and potentially can be attributed to a mortality rate reaching up to 100 %. Although specific mutations in CYP 51A are the main cause of azole resistance, there is a new wave of azole-resistant isolates with wild-type CYP 51A genotype challenging the efficacy of the current diagnostic tools. Therefore, applications of whole-genome sequencing are increasingly gaining popularity to overcome such challenges. Prominent echinocandin tolerance, as well as liver and kidney toxicity posed by amphotericin B, necessitate a continuous quest for novel antifungal drugs to combat emerging azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates. Animal models and the tools used for genetic engineering require further refinement to facilitate a better understanding about the resistance mechanisms, virulence, and immune reactions orchestrated against A. fumigatus. This review paper comprehensively discusses the current clinical challenges caused by A. fumigatus and provides insights on how to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Arastehfar
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - A. Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - J. Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - L. Lombardi
- UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - R. Garcia-Rubio
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - J.D. Jenks
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
- Clinical and Translational Fungal-Working Group, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - O. Rivero-Menendez
- Medical Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28222, Spain
| | - R. Aljohani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - I.D. Jacobsen
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - J. Berman
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - N. Osherov
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - M.T. Hedayati
- Invasive Fungi Research Center/Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - M. Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | | | - T. Gabaldón
- Life Sciences Programme, Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS), Jordi Girona, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
- Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Meletiadis
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - W. Pan
- Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - C. Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D.S. Perlin
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - M. Hoenigl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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18
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Ye Y, Chen Y, Sun J, Zhang H, Meng Y, Li W, Wang W. Hyperglycemia suppresses the regulatory effect of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Pathog Dis 2021; 78:5873010. [PMID: 32678442 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is one of the most common fungal infections involved in the pulmonary diseases. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is important for antifungal immunity. Diabetes is a risk factor of pulmonary A. fumigatus infection and could affect the expression of HIF-1α. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the role of HIF-1α in pulmonary A. fumigatus infection in diabetes. In murine model, we found diabetic mice had aggravated pulmonary A. fumigatus infection and declined expression of HIF-1α following pulmonary A. fumigatus infection. And these changes could be corrected by dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), the agonist of HIF-1α. In cell experiment, after A. fumigatus stimulation, hyperglycemic state was with a decreased HIF-1α expression and increased NLRP3/IL-1β signal pathway. The percentages of Th1 and Treg cells decreased, while percentages of Th2 and Th17 increased in hyperglycemic group. DMOG suppressed A. fumigatus-stimulated NLRP3 and IL-1β expressions in hyperglycemic group and corrected Th and Treg cells differentiation. These regulatory effects of DMOG could be dampened by activating of NLRP3. These data indicated that hyperglycemia suppressed the regulatory effect of HIF-1α in pulmonary A. fumigatus infection, which can affect Th and Treg cells differentiation by regulating the NLRP3/IL-1β signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ye
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Hanyin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Yanling Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Wenyang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
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19
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Survey of the Transcription Factor Responses of Mouse Lung Alveolar Macrophages to Pneumocystis murina. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050569. [PMID: 34066663 PMCID: PMC8151842 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumocystis jirovecii is a fungal pathogen that can cause life-threatening infections in individuals who are immunocompromised. Acquired via inhalation, upon entering the respiratory tract, the fungi first encounter innate immune cells such as alveolar macrophages (AMs). Relatively little is known about the AM cellular responses to the organism, and particularly transcription factor (TF) profiles leading to early host responses during infection. Utilizing the Mouse Transcription Factors RT2 Profiler™ PCR Array, we report an initial TF survey of these macrophage and Pneumocystis interactions. Expression levels of a panel of mouse TFs were compared between unstimulated and Pneumocystis murina-stimulated AMs. Interestingly, a number of TFs previously implicated in pathogen–host cell interactions were highly up- or downregulated, including hif1a and Pparg. qPCR experiments were further conducted to verify the results of these surveyed transcripts. Furthermore, with immunoblotting, we show that HIF-1A and PPAR-γ are indeed significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Lastly, and importantly, we report that in the mouse model of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), which mimics human Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), qPCR analysis of Pneumocystis murina lungs also mimic the initial TF profile analysis, suggesting an importance for these TFs in immunocompromised hosts with Pneumocystis pneumonia. These data demonstrate the use of TF profiling in host AMs and Pneumocystis organism interactions that may lead to a better understanding of the specific inflammatory responses of the host to Pneumocystis pneumonia and may inform novel strategies for potential therapeutics.
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20
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Zelante T, Choera T, Beauvais A, Fallarino F, Paolicelli G, Pieraccini G, Pieroni M, Galosi C, Beato C, De Luca A, Boscaro F, Romoli R, Liu X, Warris A, Verweij PE, Ballard E, Borghi M, Pariano M, Costantino G, Calvitti M, Vacca C, Oikonomou V, Gargaro M, Wong AYW, Boon L, den Hartog M, Spáčil Z, Puccetti P, Latgè JP, Keller NP, Romani L. Aspergillus fumigatus tryptophan metabolic route differently affects host immunity. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108673. [PMID: 33503414 PMCID: PMC7844877 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenases (IDOs) degrade l-tryptophan to kynurenines and drive the de novo synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Unsurprisingly, various invertebrates, vertebrates, and even fungi produce IDO. In mammals, IDO1 also serves as a homeostatic regulator, modulating immune response to infection via local tryptophan deprivation, active catabolite production, and non-enzymatic cell signaling. Whether fungal Idos have pleiotropic functions that impact on host-fungal physiology is unclear. Here, we show that Aspergillus fumigatus possesses three ido genes that are expressed under conditions of hypoxia or tryptophan abundance. Loss of these genes results in increased fungal pathogenicity and inflammation in a mouse model of aspergillosis, driven by an alternative tryptophan degradation pathway to indole derivatives and the host aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Fungal tryptophan metabolic pathways thus cooperate with the host xenobiotic response to shape host-microbe interactions in local tissue microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Zelante
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Tsokyi Choera
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anne Beauvais
- Unitè des Aspergillus, Pasteur Institute, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolicelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pieraccini
- Mass Spectrometry Centre (CISM), University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Pieroni
- P4T group, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Claudia Galosi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Beato
- Interdepartmental Centre for Measures (CIM) "G. Casnati," University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 23/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Antonella De Luca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Boscaro
- Mass Spectrometry Centre (CISM), University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Romoli
- Mass Spectrometry Centre (CISM), University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adilia Warris
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Paul E Verweij
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eloise Ballard
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Monica Borghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marilena Pariano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Costantino
- P4T group, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Mario Calvitti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vasilis Oikonomou
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alicia Yoke Wei Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Zdeněk Spáčil
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Jean-Paul Latgè
- Unitè des Aspergillus, Pasteur Institute, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Nancy P Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
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21
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Shlezinger N, Fites JS, Klein BS, Hohl TM. Fungal Bioreporters to Monitor Outcomes of Aspergillus: Host-Cell Interactions. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2260:121-132. [PMID: 33405034 PMCID: PMC9088164 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1182-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-based techniques enable researchers to monitor physiologic processes, specifically fungal cell viability and death, during cellular encounters with the mammalian immune system with single event resolution. By incorporating two independent fluorescent probes in fungal organisms either prior to, or ensuing experimental infection in mice or in cultured leukocytes, it is possible to distinguish and quantify live and killed fungal cells to interrogate genetic, pharmacologic, and cellular determinants that shape host-fungal cell outcomes. This chapter reviews the techniques and applications of fluorescent fungal reporters of viability, with emphasis on the filamentous mold Aspergillus fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Shlezinger
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jeffrey Scott Fites
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bruce S Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Tobias M Hohl
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Nairz M, Weiss G. Iron in infection and immunity. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 75:100864. [PMID: 32461004 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for virtually all living cells. In infectious diseases, both invading pathogens and mammalian cells including those of the immune system require iron to sustain their function, metabolism and proliferation. On the one hand, microbial iron uptake is linked to the virulence of most human pathogens. On the other hand, the sequestration of iron from bacteria and other microorganisms is an efficient strategy of host defense in line with the principles of 'nutritional immunity'. In an acute infection, host-driven iron withdrawal inhibits the growth of pathogens. Chronic immune activation due to persistent infection, autoimmune disease or malignancy however, sequesters iron not only from infectious agents, autoreactive lymphocytes and neoplastic cells but also from erythroid progenitors. This is one of the key mechanisms which collectively result in the anemia of chronic inflammation. In this review, we highlight the most important interconnections between iron metabolism and immunity, focusing on host defense against relevant infections and on the clinical consequences of anemia of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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23
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Obar JJ. Sensing the threat posed by Aspergillus infection. Curr Opin Microbiol 2020; 58:47-55. [PMID: 32898768 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian immune system can tune its inflammatory response to the threat level posed by an invading pathogen. It is well established that the host utilizes numerous 'patterns of pathogenicity', such as microbial growth, invasion, and viability, to achieve this tuning during bacterial infections. This review discusses how this notion fits during fungal infection, particularly regarding Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Moreover, how the environmental niches filled by A. fumigatus may drive the evolution of the fungal traits responsible for inducing the strain-specific inflammatory responses that have been experimentally observed will be discussed. Moving forward understanding the mechanisms of the fungal strain-specific inflammatory response due to the initial interactions with the host innate immune system will be essential for enhancing our therapeutic options for the treatment of invasive fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Obar
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Hinman Box 7556, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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24
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Gonçalves SM, Duarte-Oliveira C, Campos CF, Aimanianda V, Ter Horst R, Leite L, Mercier T, Pereira P, Fernández-García M, Antunes D, Rodrigues CS, Barbosa-Matos C, Gaifem J, Mesquita I, Marques A, Osório NS, Torrado E, Rodrigues F, Costa S, Joosten LA, Lagrou K, Maertens J, Lacerda JF, Campos A, Brown GD, Brakhage AA, Barbas C, Silvestre R, van de Veerdonk FL, Chamilos G, Netea MG, Latgé JP, Cunha C, Carvalho A. Phagosomal removal of fungal melanin reprograms macrophage metabolism to promote antifungal immunity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2282. [PMID: 32385235 PMCID: PMC7210971 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to infection, macrophages adapt their metabolism rapidly to enhance glycolysis and fuel specialized antimicrobial effector functions. Here we show that fungal melanin is an essential molecule required for the metabolic rewiring of macrophages during infection with the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Using pharmacological and genetic tools, we reveal a molecular link between calcium sequestration by melanin inside the phagosome and induction of glycolysis required for efficient innate immune responses. By remodeling the intracellular calcium machinery and impairing signaling via calmodulin, melanin drives an immunometabolic signaling axis towards glycolysis with activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF-1α) and phagosomal recruitment of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). These data demonstrate a pivotal mechanism in the immunometabolic regulation of macrophages during fungal infection and highlight the metabolic repurposing of immune cells as a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Cláudio Duarte-Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Cláudia F Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Rob Ter Horst
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500HB, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Luis Leite
- STMO, Instituto Português de Oncologia, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Toine Mercier
- Department of Hematology, UZ Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paulo Pereira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Fernández-García
- Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, San Pablo CEU University, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Antunes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Cláudia S Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Catarina Barbosa-Matos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Gaifem
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Inês Mesquita
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - António Marques
- Serviço de Imuno-Hemoterapia, Hospital de Braga, 4710-243, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno S Osório
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Egídio Torrado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernando Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Sandra Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Leo Ab Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500HB, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Katrien Lagrou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UZ Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Maertens
- Department of Hematology, UZ Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - João F Lacerda
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António Campos
- STMO, Instituto Português de Oncologia, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gordon D Brown
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Axel A Brakhage
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Coral Barbas
- Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, San Pablo CEU University, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Silvestre
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500HB, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Georgios Chamilos
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500HB, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jean-Paul Latgé
- Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal.
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25
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Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a saprotrophic fungus; its primary habitat is the soil. In its ecological niche, the fungus has learned how to adapt and proliferate in hostile environments. This capacity has helped the fungus to resist and survive against human host defenses and, further, to be responsible for one of the most devastating lung infections in terms of morbidity and mortality. In this review, we will provide (i) a description of the biological cycle of A. fumigatus; (ii) a historical perspective of the spectrum of aspergillus disease and the current epidemiological status of these infections; (iii) an analysis of the modes of immune response against Aspergillus in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients; (iv) an understanding of the pathways responsible for fungal virulence and their host molecular targets, with a specific focus on the cell wall; (v) the current status of the diagnosis of different clinical syndromes; and (vi) an overview of the available antifungal armamentarium and the therapeutic strategies in the clinical context. In addition, the emergence of new concepts, such as nutritional immunity and the integration and rewiring of multiple fungal metabolic activities occurring during lung invasion, has helped us to redefine the opportunistic pathogenesis of A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Latgé
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios Chamilos
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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26
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Renga G, Oikonomou V, Moretti S, Stincardini C, Bellet MM, Pariano M, Bartoli A, Brancorsini S, Mosci P, Finocchi A, Rossi P, Costantini C, Garaci E, Goldstein AL, Romani L. Thymosin β4 promotes autophagy and repair via HIF-1α stabilization in chronic granulomatous disease. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/6/e201900432. [PMID: 31719116 PMCID: PMC6851533 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates that thymosin β4 stabilizes HIF-1a to promote autophagy and up-regulate genes involved in tissue and mucosal barrier protection in chronic granulomatous disease. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a genetic disorder of the NADPH oxidase characterized by increased susceptibility to infections and hyperinflammation associated with defective autophagy and increased inflammasome activation. Herein, we demonstrate that thymosin β4 (Tβ4), a g-actin sequestering peptide with multiple and diverse intracellular and extracellular activities affecting inflammation, wound healing, fibrosis, and tissue regeneration, promoted in human and murine cells noncanonical autophagy, a form of autophagy associated with phagocytosis and limited inflammation via the death-associated protein kinase 1. We further show that the hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)α was underexpressed in CGD but normalized by Tβ4 to promote autophagy and up-regulate genes involved in mucosal barrier protection. Accordingly, inflammation and granuloma formation were impaired and survival increased in CGD mice with colitis or aspergillosis upon Tβ4 treatment or HIF-1α stabilization. Thus, the promotion of endogenous pathways of inflammation resolution through HIF-1α stabilization is druggable in CGD by Tβ4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Renga
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vasilis Oikonomou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Moretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Marina M Bellet
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marilena Pariano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Bartoli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Mosci
- Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Finocchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Rossi
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Costantini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Enrico Garaci
- University San Raffaele and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Allan L Goldstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, the George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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27
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Triner D, Shah YM. Hypoxic Regulation of Neutrophils in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174189. [PMID: 31461847 PMCID: PMC6747474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils have been well-characterized for their role in the host anti-microbial response. However, it is now appreciated that neutrophils have a critical role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression in the majority of solid tumors. Recent studies have indicated a critical role for hypoxia in regulating neutrophil function in tumors. Furthermore, neutrophil-specific expression of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors may represent a novel therapeutic target for human cancer. In this review, we highlight the function of neutrophils in cancer and the role of the neutrophil hypoxic response in regulating the neoplastic progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Triner
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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28
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Talla U, Bozonet SM, Parker HA, Hampton MB, Vissers MCM. Prolonged exposure to hypoxia induces an autophagy-like cell survival program in human neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:1367-1379. [PMID: 31412152 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0319-079rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils contribute to low oxygen availability at inflammatory sites through the generation of reactive oxidants. They are also functionally affected by hypoxia, which delays neutrophil apoptosis. However, the eventual fate of neutrophils in hypoxic conditions is unknown and this is important for their effective clearance and the resolution of inflammation. We have monitored the survival and function of normal human neutrophils exposed to hypoxia over a 48 h period. Apoptosis was delayed, and the cells remained intact even at 48 h. However, hypoxia promoted significant changes in neutrophil morphology with the appearance of many new cytoplasmic vesicles, often containing cell material, within 5 hours of exposure to low O2 . This coincided with an increase in LC3B-II expression, indicative of autophagosome formation and an autophagy-like process. In hypoxic conditions, neutrophils preferentially lost myeloperoxidase, a marker of azurophil granules. Short-term (2 h) hypoxic exposure resulted in sustained potential to generate superoxide when O2 was restored, but the capacity for oxidant production was lost with longer periods of hypoxia. Phagocytic ability was unchanged by hypoxia, and bacterial killing by neutrophils in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions was substantially diminished after 24 hours. However, pre-exposure to hypoxia resulted in an enhanced ability to kill bacteria by oxidant-independent mechanisms. Our data provide the first evidence for hypoxia as a driver of neutrophil autophagy that can influence the function and ultimate fate of these cells, including their eventual clearance and the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usharani Talla
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie M Bozonet
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Heather A Parker
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mark B Hampton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Margreet C M Vissers
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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29
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Knight M, Stanley S. HIF-1α as a central mediator of cellular resistance to intracellular pathogens. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 60:111-116. [PMID: 31229914 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1α (HIF-1α) was originally identified as a master regulator of cellular responses to hypoxia. More recently, HIF-1α has emerged as a critical regulator of immune cell function that couples shifts in cellular metabolism to cell type-specific transcriptional outputs. Activation of macrophages with inflammatory stimuli leads to induction of the metabolic program aerobic glycolysis and to HIF-1α stabilization, which reinforce one another in a positive feedback loop that helps drive macrophage activation. This activation of aerobic glycolysis and HIF-1α is important both for production of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, and for cell intrinsic control of infection. Here, we review the importance of HIF-1α for control of bacterial, fungal, and protozoan intracellular pathogens, highlighting recent findings that reveal mechanisms by which HIF-1α is activated during infection and how HIF-1α coordinates antimicrobial responses of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Knight
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Stanley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States; School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States.
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30
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Manresa MC, Smith L, Casals‐Diaz L, Fagundes RR, Brown E, Radhakrishnan P, Murphy SJ, Crifo B, Strowitzki MJ, Halligan DN, van den Bogaard EH, Niehues H, Schneider M, Taylor CT, Steinhoff M. Pharmacologic inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-hydroxylases ameliorates allergic contact dermatitis. Allergy 2019; 74:753-766. [PMID: 30394557 DOI: 10.1111/all.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When an immune cell migrates from the bloodstream to a site of chronic inflammation, it experiences a profound decrease in microenvironmental oxygen levels leading to a state of cellular hypoxia. The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) promotes an adaptive transcriptional response to hypoxia and as such is a major regulator of immune cell survival and function. HIF hydroxylases are the family of oxygen-sensing enzymes primarily responsible for conferring oxygen dependence upon the HIF pathway. METHODS Using a mouse model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), we tested the effects of treatment with the pharmacologic hydroxylase inhibitor DMOG, which mimics hypoxia, on disease development. RESULTS Re-exposure of sensitized mice to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) elicited inflammation, edema, chemokine synthesis (including CXCL1 and CCL5) and the recruitment of neutrophils and eosinophils. Intraperitoneal or topical application of the pharmacologic hydroxylase inhibitors dymethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) or JNJ1935 attenuated this inflammatory response. Reduced inflammation was associated with diminished recruitment of neutrophils and eosinophils but not lymphocytes. Finally, hydroxylase inhibition reduced cytokine-induced chemokine production in cultured primary keratinocytes through attenuation of the JNK pathway. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that hydroxylase inhibition attenuates the recruitment of neutrophils to inflamed skin through reduction of chemokine production and increased neutrophilic apoptosis. Thus, pharmacologic inhibition of HIF hydroxylases may be an effective new therapeutic approach in allergic skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario C. Manresa
- UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology School of Medicine and Medical Science University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research School of Medicine and Medical Science University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Leila Smith
- UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology School of Medicine and Medical Science University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - Laura Casals‐Diaz
- UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology School of Medicine and Medical Science University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - Raphael R. Fagundes
- Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research School of Medicine and Medical Science University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - Eric Brown
- Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research School of Medicine and Medical Science University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - Praveen Radhakrishnan
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Stephen J. Murphy
- Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research School of Medicine and Medical Science University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - Bianca Crifo
- Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research School of Medicine and Medical Science University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - Moritz J. Strowitzki
- Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research School of Medicine and Medical Science University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - Doug N. Halligan
- Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research School of Medicine and Medical Science University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - Ellen H. van den Bogaard
- Department of Dermatology Radboud University Medical Center Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Hanna Niehues
- Department of Dermatology Radboud University Medical Center Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Cormac T. Taylor
- UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology School of Medicine and Medical Science University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research School of Medicine and Medical Science University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
- Systems Biology Ireland School of Medicine and Medical Science University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology School of Medicine and Medical Science University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin Ireland
- Department of Dermatology & Venereology Translational Research Institute Hamad Medical Corporation Weill Cornell University‐Qatar and Qatar University Doha Qatar
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31
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Luo XL, Li JX, Huang HR, Duan JL, Dai RX, Tao RJ, Yang L, Hou JY, Jia XM, Xu JF. LL37 Inhibits Aspergillus fumigatus Infection via Directly Binding to the Fungus and Preventing Excessive Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:283. [PMID: 30842778 PMCID: PMC6391356 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Aspergillus fumigatus infection and the rate of resistance to antifungal drugs have sharply increased in recent years. LL37 has been reported as a host defense peptide with broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. However, the role of LL37 during A. fumigatus infection remains unclear. Here, we examined the interaction between LL37 and A. fumigatus and found that synthetic LL37 could directly bind to the surface of A. fumigatus, disrupting the integrity of the cell wall in vitro. LL37 inhibited mycelial growth in a concentration-dependent manner, rather than fungicidal effect even at high concentration (e.g., 20 μM). Interestingly, low concentrations of LL37 (e.g., 4 μM) significantly attenuated mycelial adhesion and prevented the invasion and destruction of epithelial cells. Following LL37 treatment, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines released by A. fumigatus-stimulated macrophages decreased significantly, accompanied by downregulation of M1 type markers. In a mouse model of pulmonary A. fumigatus infection, LL37-treated mice showed lower amounts of fungi load, moderate pathological damage, and reduced proinflammatory cytokines. Further, LL37 transgenic mice (LL37+/+) were examined to investigate the effects of endogenous LL37 in an A. fumigatus infection model and showed lower susceptibility to A. fumigatus infection in comparison with wild-type mice. In addition, LL37 also played a protective role in an immunosuppressed mouse model of A. fumigatus infection. Thus, LL37 inhibits A. fumigatus infection via directly binding to mycelia and reducing excessive inflammation. LL37 or its analogs may therefore constitute potential drug components for A. fumigatus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua-Rong Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Lin Duan
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruo-Xuan Dai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru-Jia Tao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Yun Hou
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Ming Jia
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Fu Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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32
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López-Muñoz A, Nicolás FE, García-Moreno D, Pérez-Oliva AB, Navarro-Mendoza MI, Hernández-Oñate MA, Herrera-Estrella A, Torres-Martínez S, Ruiz-Vázquez RM, Garre V, Mulero V. An Adult Zebrafish Model Reveals that Mucormycosis Induces Apoptosis of Infected Macrophages. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12802. [PMID: 30143654 PMCID: PMC6109148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucormycosis is a life-threatening fungal infection caused by various ubiquitous filamentous fungi of the Mucorales order, although Rhizopus spp. and Mucor spp. are the most prevalent causal agents. The limited therapeutic options available together with a rapid progression of the infection and a difficult early diagnosis produce high mortality. Here, we developed an adult zebrafish model of Mucor circinelloides infection which allowed us to confirm the link between sporangiospore size and virulence. Transcriptomic studies revealed a local, strong inflammatory response of the host elicited after sporangiospore germination and mycelial tissue invasion, while avirulent and UV-killed sporangiospores failed to induce inflammation and were rapidly cleared. Of the 857 genes modulated by the infection, those encoding cytokines, complement factors, peptidoglycan recognition proteins, and iron acquisition are particularly interesting. Furthermore, neutrophils and macrophages were similarly recruited independently of sporangiospore virulence and viability, which results in a robust depletion of both cell types in the hematopoietic compartment. Strikingly, our model also reveals for the first time the ability of mucormycosis to induce the apoptosis of recruited macrophages but not neutrophils. The induction of macrophage apoptosis, therefore, might represent a key virulence mechanism of these fungal pathogens, providing novel targets for therapeutic intervention in this lethal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azucena López-Muñoz
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco E Nicolás
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Diana García-Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana B Pérez-Oliva
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - María I Navarro-Mendoza
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Santiago Torres-Martínez
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rosa M Ruiz-Vázquez
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Victoriano Garre
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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33
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Gu H, Liu D, Zeng X, Peng LS, Yuan Y, Chen ZF, Zou QM, Shi Y. Aging exacerbates mortality of Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia and reduces the efficacies of antibiotics and vaccine. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:1597-1608. [PMID: 30018181 PMCID: PMC6075437 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii has become a serious threat to the elderly. However, there are no experimental studies on the relevance between aging and A. baumannii infections. Here, we established an aged pneumonia mouse model by non-invasive intratracheal inoculation with A. baumannii. Higher mortality was observed in aged mice along with increased bacterial burdens and more severe lung injury. Increased inflammatory cell infiltration and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines at 24 hours post infection were detected in aged mice than those in young mice. Moreover, infected aged mice had lower myeloperoxidase levels in lungs and less reactive oxygen species-positive neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared with infected young mice. Reduced efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin against A. baumannii was detected in aged mice. Vaccination of formalin-fixed A. baumannii provided 100% protection in young mice, whereas the efficacy of vaccine was completely diminished in aged mice. In conclusion, aging increased susceptibility to A. baumannii infection and impaired efficacies of antibiotics and vaccine. The aged mice model of A. baumannii pneumonia is a suitable model to study the effects of aging on A. baumannii infection and assess the efficacies of antibiotics and vaccines against A. baumannii for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Dong Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Xi Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Liu-Sheng Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yue Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Zhi-Fu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Quan-Ming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yun Shi
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
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34
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Desoubeaux G, Cray C. Animal Models of Aspergillosis. Comp Med 2018; 68:109-123. [PMID: 29663936 PMCID: PMC5897967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillosis is an airborne fungal disease caused by Aspergillus spp., a group of ubiquitous molds. This disease causes high morbidity and mortality in both humans and animals. The growing importance of this infection over recent decades has created a need for practical and reproducible models of aspergillosis. The use of laboratory animals provides a platform to understand fungal virulence and pathophysiology, assess diagnostic tools, and evaluate new antifungal drugs. In this review, we describe the fungus, various Aspergillus-related diseases in humans and animals and various experimental animal models. Overall, we highlight the advantages and limitations of the animal models, the experimental variables that can affect the course of the disease and the reproducibility of infection, and the critical need for standardization of the species, immunosuppressive drugs, route of infection, and diagnostic criteria to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Desoubeaux
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Comparative Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; Parasitology-Mycology Service, Tropical Medicine Program, University Hospital of Tours, CEPR - Inserm U1100, Medical Faculty, François Rabelais University, Tours, France
| | - Carolyn Cray
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Comparative Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,
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35
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Stappers MHT, Clark AE, Aimanianda V, Bidula S, Reid DM, Asamaphan P, Hardison SE, Dambuza IM, Valsecchi I, Kerscher B, Plato A, Wallace CA, Yuecel R, Hebecker B, da Glória Teixeira Sousa M, Cunha C, Liu Y, Feizi T, Brakhage AA, Kwon-Chung KJ, Gow NAR, Zanda M, Piras M, Zanato C, Jaeger M, Netea MG, van de Veerdonk FL, Lacerda JF, Campos A, Carvalho A, Willment JA, Latgé JP, Brown GD. Recognition of DHN-melanin by a C-type lectin receptor is required for immunity to Aspergillus. Nature 2018; 555:382-386. [PMID: 29489751 PMCID: PMC5857201 DOI: 10.1038/nature25974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Our resistance to infection is critically dependent upon the ability of pattern recognition receptors to recognise microbial invasion and induce protective immune responses. One such family of receptors are the C-type lectins, which play central roles in antifungal immunity1. These receptors activate key effector mechanisms upon recognition of conserved fungal cell wall carbohydrates. However, several other immunologically active fungal ligands have been described, including melanin2,3, whose mechanisms of recognition remain largely undefined. Here we identify a C-type lectin receptor, Melanin sensing C-type Lectin receptor (MelLec), that plays an essential role in antifungal immunity through recognition of the naphthalene-diol unit of 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)-melanin. MelLec recognises melanin in conidial spores of Aspergillus fumigatus, as well as other DHN-melanised fungi and is ubiquitously expressed by CD31+ endothelial cells in mice. MelLec is also expressed by a sub-population of these cells in mice that co-express EpCAM and which were detected only in the lung and liver. In mouse models, MelLec was required for protection against disseminated infection with A. fumigatus. In humans, MelLec is also expressed by myeloid cells, and we identified a single nucleotide polymorphism of this receptor that negatively affected myeloid inflammatory responses and significantly increased susceptibility of stem-cell transplant recipients to disseminated Aspergillus infections. Thus MelLec is a receptor recognising an immunologically active component commonly found on fungi and plays an essential role in protective antifungal immunity in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H T Stappers
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Alexandra E Clark
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | | | - Stefan Bidula
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Delyth M Reid
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Patawee Asamaphan
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Sarah E Hardison
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Ivy M Dambuza
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | | | - Bernhard Kerscher
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Anthony Plato
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Carol A Wallace
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Raif Yuecel
- Iain Fraser Cytometry Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Betty Hebecker
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Maria da Glória Teixeira Sousa
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Yan Liu
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ten Feizi
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Axel A Brakhage
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Friedrich Schiller University, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kyung J Kwon-Chung
- Molecular Microbiology Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Neil A R Gow
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Matteo Zanda
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Monica Piras
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Chiara Zanato
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - João F Lacerda
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Serviço de Hematologia e Transplantação de Medula, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António Campos
- Serviço de Transplantação de Medula Óssea (STMO), Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Janet A Willment
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | | | - Gordon D Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
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Li C, Wang Y, Li Y, Yu Q, Jin X, Wang X, Jia A, Hu Y, Han L, Wang J, Yang H, Yan D, Bi Y, Liu G. HIF1α-dependent glycolysis promotes macrophage functional activities in protecting against bacterial and fungal infection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3603. [PMID: 29483608 PMCID: PMC5827022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important innate immune defense system cells in the fight against bacterial and fungal pathogenic infections. They exhibit significant plasticity, particularly with their ability to undergo functional differentiation. Additionally, HIF1α is critically involved in the functional differentiation of macrophages during inflammation. However, the role of macrophage HIF1α in protecting against different pathogenic infections remains unclear. In this study, we investigated and compared the roles of HIF1α in different macrophage functional effects of bacterial and fungal infections in vitro and in vivo. We found that bacterial and fungal infections produced similar effects on macrophage functional differentiation. HIF1α deficiency inhibited pro-inflammatory macrophage functional activities when cells were stimulated with LPS or curdlan in vitro or when mice were infected with L. monocytogenes or C. albicans in vivo, thus decreasing pro-inflammatory TNFα and IL-6 secretion associated with pathogenic microorganism survival. Alteration of glycolytic pathway activation was required for the functional differentiation of pro-inflammatory macrophages in protecting against bacterial and fungal infections. Thus, the HIF1α-dependent glycolytic pathway is essential for pro-inflammatory macrophage functional differentiation in protecting against bacterial and fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Anna Jia
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Linian Han
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dapeng Yan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yujing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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37
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Caffrey-Carr AK, Hilmer KM, Kowalski CH, Shepardson KM, Temple RM, Cramer RA, Obar JJ. Host-Derived Leukotriene B 4 Is Critical for Resistance against Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1984. [PMID: 29375586 PMCID: PMC5768911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a mold that causes severe pulmonary infections. Our knowledge of how immune competent hosts maintain control of fungal infections while constantly being exposed to fungi is rapidly emerging. It is known that timely neutrophil recruitment to and activation in the lungs is critical to the host defense against development of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, but the inflammatory sequelae necessary remains to be fully defined. Here, we show that 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) and Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) are critical for leukocyte recruitment and resistance to pulmonary A. fumigatus challenge in a fungal-strain-dependent manner. 5-LO activity was needed in radiosensitive cells for an optimal anti-fungal response and in vivo LTB4 production was at least partially dependent on myeloid-derived hypoxia inducible factor-1α. Overall, this study reveals a role for host-derived leukotriene synthesis in innate immunity to A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alayna K Caffrey-Carr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Kimberly M Hilmer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Caitlin H Kowalski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Kelly M Shepardson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Rachel M Temple
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Robert A Cramer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Joshua J Obar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
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38
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Liu H, Xu W, Solis NV, Woolford C, Mitchell AP, Filler SG. Functional convergence of gliP and aspf1 in Aspergillus fumigatus pathogenicity. Virulence 2018; 9:1062-1073. [PMID: 30052103 PMCID: PMC6086310 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1482182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliotoxin contributes to the virulence of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus in non-neutropenic mice that are immunosuppressed with corticosteroids. To investigate how the absence of gliotoxin affects both the fungus and the host, we used a nanoString nCounter to analyze their transcriptional responses during pulmonary infection of a non-neutropenic host with a gliotoxin-deficient ΔgliP mutant. We found that the ΔgliP mutation led to increased expression of aspf1, which specifies a secreted ribotoxin. Prior studies have shown that aspf1, like gliP, is not required for virulence in a neutropenic infection model, but its role in a non-neutropenic infection model has not been fully investigated. To investigate the functional significance of this up-regulation of aspf1, a Δaspf1 single mutant and a Δaspf1 ΔgliP double mutant were constructed. Both Δaspf1 and ΔgliP single mutants had reduced lethality in non-neutropenic mice, and a Δaspf1 ΔgliP double mutant had a greater reduction in lethality than either single mutant. Analysis of mice infected with these mutants indicated that the presence of gliP is associated with massive apoptosis of leukocytes at the foci of infection and inhibition of chemokine production. Also, the combination of gliP and aspf1 is associated with suppression of CXCL1 chemokine expression. Thus, aspf1 contributes to A. fumigatus pathogenicity in non-neutropenic mice and its up-regulation in the ΔgliP mutant may partially compensate for the absence of gliotoxin. ABBREVIATIONS PAS: periodic acid-Schiff; PBS: phosphate buffered saline; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TUNEL: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Norma V. Solis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Carol Woolford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aaron P. Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Scott G. Filler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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39
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Zhu R, Zhao Y, Li X, Bai T, Wang S, Wang W, Sun Y. Effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride on severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:1689-1693. [PMID: 29793332 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) is a selective M1 and M3 receptor antagonist. This study was designed to investigate the effect of PHC on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in rats. A total of 45 healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: an S group, sham operation; an ALI group, pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury (PALI); and a P group, PALI treated with PHC. Rats from the ALI and P groups were used to establish a model of acute lung injury associated with SAP by retrograde injection of 4% sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct. Rats in the P group, reflecting acute lung injury caused by SAP, were treated with PHC immediately following SAP. Rats in the S and ALI groups were injected with the same amount of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. After modeling, the rats were sacrificed at 12h. The wet/dry weight (W/D) ratios of lung tissue were calculated. Pathological changes in pancreatic and lung tissues were scored. The expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in lung tissue were detected by Western blot. RT-PCR was used to detect HIF-1α mRNA in lung tissue. The HIF-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression levels in lung tissues and serum amylase levels were detected by ELISA. The results showed extensive infiltration of neutrophils, alveolar hemorrhage and necrosis and fat necrosis in the pancreatic tissue of rats in the PALI and P groups. Their pancreatic tissue injury scores were significantly higher than the score of the S group (P<0.01). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in the serum amylase levels of the P and ALI groups (P>0.05). The W/D ratios of lung tissue in the ALI and P group rats were significantly higher than those in the S group (P<0.05). Compared with those of the ALI group rats, the lung tissue pathological changes of the P group were significantly improved, and the lung W/D value was significantly lower than that of the ALI group (P<0.05). Compared with those of the S group, the TLR4, NF-κB p65, HIF-1α mRNA, and HIF-1α expression levels in the lung tissue of the ALI and P groups were significantly higher (P<0.01), and the TLR4, NF-κB p65, HIF-1α mRNA, HIF-1α, IL-1β and IL-6 expression levels in the P group were significantly lower than those in the ALI group (P<0.05). The current work indicates that PHC could not alleviate the damage to pancreatic tissue caused by SAP. However, PHC did suppress HIF-1α, IL-1β and IL-6 expression levels and reduced the acute lung injury induced by SAP in rats, which might depend on suppression of the expression of inflammatory factors, such as HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtao Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
| | - Yipu Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- College of Clinical Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
| | - Yuling Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China.
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40
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Kale SD, Ayubi T, Chung D, Tubau-Juni N, Leber A, Dang HX, Karyala S, Hontecillas R, Lawrence CB, Cramer RA, Bassaganya-Riera J. Modulation of Immune Signaling and Metabolism Highlights Host and Fungal Transcriptional Responses in Mouse Models of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17096. [PMID: 29213115 PMCID: PMC5719083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17000-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Incidences of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, an infection caused predominantly by Aspergillus fumigatus, have increased due to the growing number of immunocompromised individuals. While A. fumigatus is reliant upon deficiencies in the host to facilitate invasive disease, the distinct mechanisms that govern the host-pathogen interaction remain enigmatic, particularly in the context of distinct immune modulating therapies. To gain insights into these mechanisms, RNA-Seq technology was utilized to sequence RNA derived from lungs of 2 clinically relevant, but immunologically distinct murine models of IPA on days 2 and 3 post inoculation when infection is established and active disease present. Our findings identify notable differences in host gene expression between the chemotherapeutic and steroid models at the interface of immunity and metabolism. RT-qPCR verified model specific and nonspecific expression of 23 immune-associated genes. Deep sequencing facilitated identification of highly expressed fungal genes. We utilized sequence similarity and gene expression to categorize the A. fumigatus putative in vivo secretome. RT-qPCR suggests model specific gene expression for nine putative fungal secreted proteins. Our analysis identifies contrasting responses by the host and fungus from day 2 to 3 between the two models. These differences may help tailor the identification, development, and deployment of host- and/or fungal-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv D Kale
- Nutrional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Tariq Ayubi
- Nutrional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Dawoon Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seochun-gun, 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuria Tubau-Juni
- Nutrional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Andrew Leber
- Nutrional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ha X Dang
- Nutrional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Saikumar Karyala
- Nutrional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- Nutrional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | | | - Robert A Cramer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- Nutrional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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41
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Desoubeaux G, Cray C. Rodent Models of Invasive Aspergillosis due to Aspergillus fumigatus: Still a Long Path toward Standardization. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:841. [PMID: 28559881 PMCID: PMC5432554 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis has been studied in laboratory by the means of plethora of distinct animal models. They were developed to address pathophysiology, therapy, diagnosis, or miscellaneous other concerns associated. However, there are great discrepancies regarding all the experimental variables of animal models, and a thorough focus on them is needed. This systematic review completed a comprehensive bibliographic analysis specifically-based on the technical features of rodent models infected with Aspergillus fumigatus. Out the 800 articles reviewed, it was shown that mice remained the preferred model (85.8% of the referenced reports), above rats (10.8%), and guinea pigs (3.8%). Three quarters of the models involved immunocompromised status, mainly by steroids (44.4%) and/or alkylating drugs (42.9%), but only 27.7% were reported to receive antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent from bacterial infection. Injection of spores (30.0%) and inhalation/deposition into respiratory airways (66.9%) were the most used routes for experimental inoculation. Overall, more than 230 distinct A. fumigatus strains were used in models. Of all the published studies, 18.4% did not mention usage of any diagnostic tool, like histopathology or mycological culture, to control correct implementation of the disease and to measure outcome. In light of these findings, a consensus discussion should be engaged to establish a minimum standardization, although this may not be consistently suitable for addressing all the specific aspects of invasive aspergillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Desoubeaux
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of MiamiMiami, FL, USA.,Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie-Médecine tropicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de ToursTours, France.,Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR) Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1100/Équipe 3, Université François-RabelaisTours, France
| | - Carolyn Cray
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of MiamiMiami, FL, USA
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42
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Beattie SR, Mark KMK, Thammahong A, Ries LNA, Dhingra S, Caffrey-Carr AK, Cheng C, Black CC, Bowyer P, Bromley MJ, Obar JJ, Goldman GH, Cramer RA. Filamentous fungal carbon catabolite repression supports metabolic plasticity and stress responses essential for disease progression. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006340. [PMID: 28423062 PMCID: PMC5411099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is responsible for a disproportionate number of invasive mycosis cases relative to other common filamentous fungi. While many fungal factors critical for infection establishment are known, genes essential for disease persistence and progression are ill defined. We propose that fungal factors that promote navigation of the rapidly changing nutrient and structural landscape characteristic of disease progression represent untapped clinically relevant therapeutic targets. To this end, we find that A. fumigatus requires a carbon catabolite repression (CCR) mediated genetic network to support in vivo fungal fitness and disease progression. While CCR as mediated by the transcriptional repressor CreA is not required for pulmonary infection establishment, loss of CCR inhibits fungal metabolic plasticity and the ability to thrive in the dynamic infection microenvironment. Our results suggest a model whereby CCR in an environmental filamentous fungus is dispensable for initiation of pulmonary infection but essential for infection maintenance and disease progression. Conceptually, we argue these data provide a foundation for additional studies on fungal factors required to support fungal fitness and disease progression and term such genes and factors, DPFs (disease progression factors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Beattie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Kenneth M. K. Mark
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Arsa Thammahong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | | | - Sourabh Dhingra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Alayna K. Caffrey-Carr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Candice C. Black
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Paul Bowyer
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Bromley
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua J. Obar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Gustavo H. Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robert A. Cramer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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43
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Garth JM, Steele C. Innate Lung Defense during Invasive Aspergillosis: New Mechanisms. J Innate Immun 2017; 9:271-280. [PMID: 28231567 DOI: 10.1159/000455125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is one of the most difficult to treat and, consequently, one of the most lethal fungal infections known to man. Continued use of immunosuppressive agents during chemotherapy and organ transplantation often leads to the development of neutropenia, the primary risk factor for IA. However, IA is also becoming more appreciated in chronic diseases associated with corticosteroid therapy. The innate immune response to Aspergillus fumigatus, the primary agent in IA, plays a pivotal role in the recognition and elimination of organisms from the pulmonary system. This review highlights recent findings about innate host defense mechanisms, including novel aspects of innate cellular immunity and pathogen recognition, and the inflammatory mediators that control infection with A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaleesa M Garth
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Guerra ES, Lee CK, Specht CA, Yadav B, Huang H, Akalin A, Huh JR, Mueller C, Levitz SM. Central Role of IL-23 and IL-17 Producing Eosinophils as Immunomodulatory Effector Cells in Acute Pulmonary Aspergillosis and Allergic Asthma. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006175. [PMID: 28095479 PMCID: PMC5271415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus causes invasive pulmonary disease in immunocompromised hosts and allergic asthma in atopic individuals. We studied the contribution of lung eosinophils to these fungal diseases. By in vivo intracellular cytokine staining and confocal microscopy, we observed that eosinophils act as local sources of IL-23 and IL-17. Remarkably, mice lacking eosinophils had a >95% reduction in the percentage of lung IL-23p19+ cells as well as markedly reduced IL-23 heterodimer in lung lavage fluid. Eosinophils killed A. fumigatus conidia in vivo. Eosinopenic mice had higher mortality rates, decreased recruitment of inflammatory monocytes, and decreased expansion of lung macrophages after challenge with conidia. All of these functions underscore a potential protective role for eosinophils in acute aspergillosis. Given the postulated role for IL-17 in asthma pathogenesis, we assessed whether eosinophils could act as sources of IL-23 and IL-17 in models where mice were sensitized to either A. fumigatus antigens or ovalbumin (OVA). We found IL-23p19+ IL-17AF+ eosinophils in both allergic models. Moreover, close to 95% of IL-23p19+ cells and >90% of IL-17AF+ cells were identified as eosinophils. These data establish a new paradigm in acute and allergic aspergillosis whereby eosinophils act not only as effector cells but also as immunomodulatory cells driving the IL-23/IL-17 axis and contributing to inflammatory cell recruitment. The opportunistic fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus, causes a spectrum of diseases ranging from invasive aspergillosis in the severely immunosuppressed to allergic asthma in atopic individuals. Here we explored the contribution of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, to host defenses and pathogenesis in murine models of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and asthma. We found eosinophils co-produce the cytokines IL-23 and IL-17 in both aspergillosis models as well as a model of OVA-induced asthma. Eosinophils killed the conidia (spores) of A. fumigatus in vivo and mice that lacked eosinophils were more susceptible to invasive aspergillosis. These observations suggest eosinophils play a more prominent role in defenses against invasive pulmonary aspergillosis than heretofore appreciated and identify eosinophil-derived IL-23 and IL-17 as potential therapeutic targets in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Santos Guerra
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Chrono K Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Charles A Specht
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Bhawna Yadav
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Haibin Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Ali Akalin
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Jun R Huh
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Christian Mueller
- Horae Gene Therapy Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Stuart M Levitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
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Pasupneti S, Manouvakhova O, Nicolls MR, Hsu JL. Aspergillus-related pulmonary diseases in lung transplantation. Med Mycol 2016; 55:96-102. [PMID: 27816902 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While lung transplantation is an attractive treatment option for many end stage lung diseases, the relatively high 5-year mortality continues to be a significant limiting factor. Among the foremost reasons for this is the eventual development of obstructive chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Infections, which the lung allograft is especially prone to, are a major risk factor. Specifically, the Aspergillus species cause a higher burden of disease among lung transplant recipients, due to unique risk factors, such as relative hypoxemia. However, these risk factors also provide unique opportunities for treatment and preventative strategies, as outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pasupneti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Medical Service, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - O Manouvakhova
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Medical Service, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - M R Nicolls
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Medical Service, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - J L Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA .,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Medical Service, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Friedrich D, Fecher RA, Rupp J, Deepe GS. Impact of HIF-1α and hypoxia on fungal growth characteristics and fungal immunity. Microbes Infect 2016; 19:204-209. [PMID: 27810563 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human pathogenic fungi are highly adaptable to a changing environment. The ability to adjust to low oxygen conditions is crucial for colonization and infection of the host. Recently, the impact of mammalian hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) on fungal immunity has emerged. In this review, the role of hypoxia and HIF-1α in fungal infections is discussed regarding the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Friedrich
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Roger A Fecher
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - George S Deepe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
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Schatz V, Strüssmann Y, Mahnke A, Schley G, Waldner M, Ritter U, Wild J, Willam C, Dehne N, Brüne B, McNiff JM, Colegio OR, Bogdan C, Jantsch J. Myeloid Cell-Derived HIF-1α Promotes Control of Leishmania major. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4034-4041. [PMID: 27798163 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which accumulates in mammalian host organisms during infection, supports the defense against microbial pathogens. However, whether and to what extent HIF-1α expressed by myeloid cells contributes to the innate immune response against Leishmania major parasites is unknown. We observed that Leishmania-infected humans and L. major-infected C57BL/6 mice exhibited substantial amounts of HIF-1α in acute cutaneous lesions. In vitro, HIF-1α was required for leishmanicidal activity and high-level NO production by IFN-γ/LPS-activated macrophages. Mice deficient for HIF-1α in their myeloid cell compartment had a more severe clinical course of infection and increased parasite burden in the skin lesions compared with wild-type controls. These findings were paralleled by reduced expression of type 2 NO synthase by lesional CD11b+ cells. Together, these data illustrate that HIF-1α is required for optimal innate leishmanicidal immune responses and, thereby, contributes to the cure of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yannic Strüssmann
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Mahnke
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie, und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schley
- Medizinische Klinik 4, Nephrologie und Hypertensiologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Waldner
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Gastroenterologie, Pneumologie und Endokrinologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Uwe Ritter
- Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jens Wild
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Willam
- Medizinische Klinik 4, Nephrologie und Hypertensiologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nathalie Dehne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; and
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; and
| | - Jennifer M McNiff
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Oscar R Colegio
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie, und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
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Heterogeneity among Isolates Reveals that Fitness in Low Oxygen Correlates with Aspergillus fumigatus Virulence. mBio 2016; 7:mBio.01515-16. [PMID: 27651366 PMCID: PMC5040115 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01515-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous work has shown that environmental and clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus represent a diverse population that occupies a variety of niches, has extensive genetic diversity, and exhibits virulence heterogeneity in a number of animal models of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). However, mechanisms explaining differences in virulence among A. fumigatus isolates remain enigmatic. Here, we report a significant difference in virulence of two common lab strains, CEA10 and AF293, in the murine triamcinolone immunosuppression model of IPA, in which we previously identified severe low oxygen microenvironments surrounding fungal lesions. Therefore, we hypothesize that the ability to thrive within these lesions of low oxygen promotes virulence of A. fumigatus in this model. To test this hypothesis, we performed in vitro fitness and in vivo virulence analyses in the triamcinolone murine model of IPA with 14 environmental and clinical isolates of A. fumigatus Among these isolates, we observed a strong correlation between fitness in low oxygen in vitro and virulence. In further support of our hypothesis, experimental evolution of AF293, a strain that exhibits reduced fitness in low oxygen and reduced virulence in the triamcinolone model of IPA, results in a strain (EVOL20) that has increased hypoxia fitness and a corresponding increase in virulence. Thus, the ability to thrive in low oxygen correlates with virulence of A. fumigatus isolates in the context of steroid-mediated murine immunosuppression. IMPORTANCE Aspergillus fumigatus occupies multiple environmental niches, likely contributing to the genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity among isolates. Despite reports of virulence heterogeneity, pathogenesis studies often utilize a single strain for the identification and characterization of virulence and immunity factors. Here, we describe significant variation between A. fumigatus isolates in hypoxia fitness and virulence, highlighting the advantage of including multiple strains in future studies. We also illustrate that hypoxia fitness correlates strongly with increased virulence exclusively in the nonleukopenic murine triamcinolone immunosuppression model of IPA. Through an experimental evolution experiment, we observe that chronic hypoxia exposure results in increased virulence of A. fumigatus We describe here the first observation of a model-specific virulence phenotype correlative with in vitro fitness in hypoxia and pave the way for identification of hypoxia-mediated mechanisms of virulence in the fungal pathogen A. fumigatus.
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Lin N, Simon MC. Hypoxia-inducible factors: key regulators of myeloid cells during inflammation. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3661-3671. [PMID: 27599290 DOI: 10.1172/jci84426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a prominent characteristic of many acute or chronic inflammatory diseases, and exerts significant influence on their progression. Macrophages and neutrophils are major cellular components of innate immunity and contribute not only to O2 deprivation at the site of inflammation, but also alter many of their functions in response to hypoxia to either facilitate or suppress inflammation. Hypoxia stabilizes HIF-αs in macrophages and neutrophils, and these O2-sensitive transcription factors are key regulators of inflammatory responses in myeloid cells. In this review, we will summarize our current understanding of the role of HIF-αs in shaping macrophage and neutrophil functions in the pathogenesis and progression of multiple inflammatory diseases.
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50
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Fecher RA, Horwath MC, Friedrich D, Rupp J, Deepe GS. Inverse Correlation between IL-10 and HIF-1α in Macrophages Infected with Histoplasma capsulatum. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:565-79. [PMID: 27271565 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is a transcription factor that regulates metabolic and immune response genes in the setting of low oxygen tension and inflammation. We investigated the function of HIF-1α in the host response to Histoplasma capsulatum because granulomas induced by this pathogenic fungus develop hypoxic microenvironments during the early adaptive immune response. In this study, we demonstrated that myeloid HIF-1α-deficient mice exhibited elevated fungal burden during the innate immune response (prior to 7 d postinfection) as well as decreased survival in response to a sublethal inoculum of H. capsulatum The absence of myeloid HIF-1α did not alter immune cell recruitment to the lungs of infected animals but was associated with an elevation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Treatment with mAb to IL-10 restored protective immunity to the mutant mice. Macrophages (Mϕs) constituted most IL-10-producing cells. Deletion of HIF-1α in neutrophils or dendritic cells did not alter fungal burden, thus implicating Mϕs as the pivotal cell in host resistance. HIF-1α was stabilized in Mϕs following infection. Increased activity of the transcription factor CREB in HIF-1α-deficient Mϕs drove IL-10 production in response to H. capsulatum IL-10 inhibited Mϕ control of fungal growth in response to the activating cytokine IFN-γ. Thus, we identified a critical function for Mϕ HIF-1α in tempering IL-10 production following infection. We established that transcriptional regulation of IL-10 by HIF-1α and CREB is critical for activation of Mϕs by IFN-γ and effective handling of H. capsulatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Fecher
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45220
| | - Michael C Horwath
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45220
| | - Dirk Friedrich
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; and
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; and
| | - George S Deepe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267; Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45220
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