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Schäfer A, Marzi A, Furuyama W, Catanzaro NJ, Nguyen C, Haddock E, Feldmann F, Meade-White K, Thomas T, Hubbard ML, Gully KL, Leist SR, Hock P, Bell TA, De la Cruz GE, Midkiff BR, Martinez DR, Shaw GD, Miller DR, Vernon MJ, Graham RL, Cowley DO, Montgomery SA, Schughart K, de Villena FPM, Wilkerson GK, Ferris MT, Feldmann H, Baric RS. Mapping of susceptibility loci for Ebola virus pathogenesis in mice. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114127. [PMID: 38652660 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV), a major global health concern, causes severe, often fatal EBOV disease (EVD) in humans. Host genetic variation plays a critical role, yet the identity of host susceptibility loci in mammals remains unknown. Using genetic reference populations, we generate an F2 mapping cohort to identify host susceptibility loci that regulate EVD. While disease-resistant mice display minimal pathogenesis, susceptible mice display severe liver pathology consistent with EVD-like disease and transcriptional signatures associated with inflammatory and liver metabolic processes. A significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) for virus RNA load in blood is identified in chromosome (chr)8, and a severe clinical disease and mortality QTL is mapped to chr7, which includes the Trim5 locus. Using knockout mice, we validate the Trim5 locus as one potential driver of liver failure and mortality after infection. The identification of susceptibility loci provides insight into molecular genetic mechanisms regulating EVD progression and severity, potentially informing therapeutics and vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
| | - Wakako Furuyama
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Nicholas J Catanzaro
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cameron Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elaine Haddock
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Tina Thomas
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Miranda L Hubbard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kendra L Gully
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Pablo Hock
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Timothy A Bell
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gabriela E De la Cruz
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bentley R Midkiff
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David R Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ginger D Shaw
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Darla R Miller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael J Vernon
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rachel L Graham
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dale O Cowley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Animal Models Core Facility, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Stephanie A Montgomery
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Klaus Schughart
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Institute of Virology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Fernando Pardo Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gregory K Wilkerson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Martin T Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Graham JB, Swarts JL, Leist SR, Schäfer A, Bell TA, Hock P, Farrington J, Shaw GD, Ferris MT, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Baric RS, Lund JM. Unique immune profiles in collaborative cross mice linked to survival and viral clearance upon infection. iScience 2024; 27:109103. [PMID: 38361611 PMCID: PMC10867580 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The response to infection is generally heterogeneous and diverse, with some individuals remaining asymptomatic while others present with severe disease or a diverse range of symptoms. Here, we address the role of host genetics on immune phenotypes and clinical outcomes following viral infection by studying genetically diverse mice from the Collaborative Cross (CC), allowing for use of a small animal model with controlled genetic diversity while maintaining genetic replicates. We demonstrate variation by deeply profiling a broad range of innate and adaptive immune cell phenotypes at steady-state in 63 genetically distinct CC mouse strains and link baseline immune signatures with virologic and clinical disease outcomes following infection of mice with herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This work serves as a resource for CC strain selection based on steady-state immune phenotypes or disease presentation upon viral infection, and further, points to possible pre-infection immune correlates of survival and early viral clearance upon infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B. Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica L. Swarts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah R. Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Timothy A. Bell
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pablo Hock
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joe Farrington
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ginger D. Shaw
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martin T. Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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3
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Brown AJ, Won JJ, Wolfisberg R, Fahnøe U, Catanzaro N, West A, Moreira FR, Nogueira Batista M, Ferris MT, Linnertz CL, Leist SR, Nguyen C, De la Cruz G, Midkiff BR, Xia Y, Evangelista MD, Montgomery SA, Billerbeck E, Bukh J, Scheel TK, Rice CM, Sheahan TP. Host genetic variation guides hepacivirus clearance, chronicity, and liver fibrosis in mice. Hepatology 2024; 79:183-197. [PMID: 37540195 PMCID: PMC10718216 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Human genetic variation is thought to guide the outcome of HCV infection, but model systems within which to dissect these host genetic mechanisms are limited. Norway rat hepacivirus, closely related to HCV, causes chronic liver infection in rats but causes acute self-limiting hepatitis in typical strains of laboratory mice, which resolves in 2 weeks. The Collaborative Cross (CC) is a robust mouse genetics resource comprised of a panel of recombinant inbred strains, which model the complexity of the human genome and provide a system within which to understand diseases driven by complex allelic variation. APPROACH RESULTS We infected a panel of CC strains with Norway rat hepacivirus and identified several that failed to clear the virus after 4 weeks. Strains displayed an array of virologic phenotypes ranging from delayed clearance (CC046) to chronicity (CC071, CC080) with viremia for at least 10 months. Body weight loss, hepatocyte infection frequency, viral evolution, T-cell recruitment to the liver, liver inflammation, and the capacity to develop liver fibrosis varied among infected CC strains. CONCLUSIONS These models recapitulate many aspects of HCV infection in humans and demonstrate that host genetic variation affects a multitude of viruses and host phenotypes. These models can be used to better understand the molecular mechanisms that drive hepacivirus clearance and chronicity, the virus and host interactions that promote chronic disease manifestations like liver fibrosis, therapeutic and vaccine performance, and how these factors are affected by host genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane J. Brown
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - John J. Won
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Raphael Wolfisberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Fahnøe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Catanzaro
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ande West
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fernando R. Moreira
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mariana Nogueira Batista
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Martin T. Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Colton L. Linnertz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah R. Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cameron Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gabriela De la Cruz
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bentley R. Midkiff
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yongjuan Xia
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mia D. Evangelista
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Montgomery
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eva Billerbeck
- Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Hepatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jens Bukh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Troels K.H. Scheel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charles M. Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Timothy P. Sheahan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Benzarti E, Murray KO, Ronca SE. Interleukins, Chemokines, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily Ligands in the Pathogenesis of West Nile Virus Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030806. [PMID: 36992514 PMCID: PMC10053297 DOI: 10.3390/v15030806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that can lead to encephalitis and death in susceptible hosts. Cytokines play a critical role in inflammation and immunity in response to WNV infection. Murine models provide evidence that some cytokines offer protection against acute WNV infection and assist with viral clearance, while others play a multifaceted role WNV neuropathogenesis and immune-mediated tissue damage. This article aims to provide an up-to-date review of cytokine expression patterns in human and experimental animal models of WNV infections. Here, we outline the interleukins, chemokines, and tumor necrosis factor superfamily ligands associated with WNV infection and pathogenesis and describe the complex roles they play in mediating both protection and pathology of the central nervous system during or after virus clearance. By understanding of the role of these cytokines during WNV neuroinvasive infection, we can develop treatment options aimed at modulating these immune molecules in order to reduce neuroinflammation and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Benzarti
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kristy O Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shannon E Ronca
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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5
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Re-Examining the Importance of Pigs in the Transmission of Japanese Encephalitis Virus. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050575. [PMID: 35631096 PMCID: PMC9146973 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is the leading cause of pediatric encephalitis in Southeast Asia. The enzootic transmission of JEV involves two types of amplifying hosts, swine and avian species. The involvement of pigs in the transmission cycle makes JEV a unique pathogen because human Japanese encephalitis cases are frequently linked to the epizootic spillover from pigs, which can not only develop viremia to sustain transmission but also signs of neurotropic and reproductive disease. The existing knowledge of the epidemiology of JEV largely suggests that viremic pigs are a source of infectious viruses for competent mosquito species, especially Culex tritaeniorhynchus in the endemic regions. However, several recently published studies that applied molecular detection techniques to the characterization of JEV pathogenesis in pigs described the shedding of JEV through multiple routes and persistent infection, both of which have not been reported in the past. These findings warrant a re-examination of the role that pigs are playing in the transmission and maintenance of JEV. In this review, we summarize discoveries on the shedding of JEV during the course of infection and analyze the available published evidence to discuss the possible role of the vector-free JEV transmission route among pigs in viral maintenance.
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6
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Genetic background influences survival of infections with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in the Collaborative Cross. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010075. [PMID: 35417454 PMCID: PMC9067680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella infections typically cause self-limiting gastroenteritis, but in some individuals these bacteria can spread systemically and cause disseminated disease. Salmonella Typhimurium (STm), which causes severe systemic disease in most inbred mice, has been used as a model for disseminated disease. To screen for new infection phenotypes across a range of host genetics, we orally infected 32 Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse strains with STm and monitored their disease progression for seven days by telemetry. Our data revealed a broad range of phenotypes across CC strains in many parameters including survival, bacterial colonization, tissue damage, complete blood counts (CBC), and serum cytokines. Eighteen CC strains survived to day 7, while fourteen susceptible strains succumbed to infection before day 7. Several CC strains had sex differences in survival and colonization. Surviving strains had lower pre-infection baseline temperatures and were less active during their daily active period. Core body temperature disruptions were detected earlier after STm infection than activity disruptions, making temperature a better detector of illness. All CC strains had STm in spleen and liver, but susceptible strains were more highly colonized. Tissue damage was weakly negatively correlated to survival. We identified loci associated with survival on Chromosomes (Chr) 1, 2, 4, 7. Polymorphisms in Ncf2 and Slc11a1, known to reduce survival in mice after STm infections, are located in the Chr 1 interval, and the Chr 7 association overlaps with a previously identified QTL peak called Ses2. We identified two new genetic regions on Chr 2 and 4 associated with susceptibility to STm infection. Our data reveal the diversity of responses to STm infection across a range of host genetics and identified new candidate regions for survival of STm infection.
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Host genetic control of natural killer cell diversity revealed in the Collaborative Cross. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2018834118. [PMID: 33649222 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018834118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate effectors armed with cytotoxic and cytokine-secreting capacities whose spontaneous antitumor activity is key to numerous immunotherapeutic strategies. However, current mouse models fail to mirror the extensive immune system variation that exists in the human population which may impact on NK cell-based therapies. We performed a comprehensive profiling of NK cells in the Collaborative Cross (CC), a collection of novel recombinant inbred mouse strains whose genetic diversity matches that of humans, thereby providing a unique and highly diverse small animal model for the study of immune variation. We demonstrate that NK cells from CC strains displayed a breadth of phenotypic and functional variation reminiscent of that reported for humans with regards to cell numbers, key marker expression, and functional capacities. We took advantage of the vast genetic diversity of the CC and identified nine genomic loci through quantitative trait locus mapping driving these phenotypic variations. SNP haplotype patterns and variant effect analyses identified candidate genes associated with lung NK cell numbers, frequencies of CD94+ NK cells, and expression levels of NKp46. Thus, we demonstrate that the CC represents an outstanding resource to study NK cell diversity and its regulation by host genetics.
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8
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Martin MD, Sompallae R, Winborn CS, Harty JT, Badovinac VP. Diverse CD8 T Cell Responses to Viral Infection Revealed by the Collaborative Cross. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107508. [PMID: 32294433 PMCID: PMC7212788 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced host protection against re-infection requires generation of memory T cells of sufficient quantity and functional quality. Unlike well-studied inbred mice, T cell responses of diverse size and quality are generated following infection of humans and outbred mice. Thus, additional models are needed that accurately reflect variation in immune outcomes in genetically diverse populations and to uncover underlying genetic causes. The Collaborative Cross (CC), a large recombinant inbred panel of mice, is an ideal model in this pursuit for the high degree of genetic variation present, because it allows for assessment of genetic factors underlying unique phenotypes. Here, we advance the utility of the CC as a tool to analyze the immune response to viral infection. We describe variability in resting immune cell composition and adaptive immune responses generated among CC strains following systemic virus infection and reveal quantitative trait loci responsible for generation of CD62L+ memory CD8 T cells. Martin et al. advance the use of the Collaborative Cross (CC) for studying adaptive immune responses. They demonstrate that the CC better models variation in T cell responses seen in outbred mice and humans and that it can uncover genes linked to generation of qualitatively distinct memory cells following infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Martin
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | | | - John T Harty
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Vladimir P Badovinac
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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9
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Graham JB, Swarts JL, Edwards KR, Voss KM, Green R, Jeng S, Miller DR, Mooney MA, McWeeney SK, Ferris MT, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Gale M, Lund JM. Correlation of Regulatory T Cell Numbers with Disease Tolerance upon Virus Infection. Immunohorizons 2021; 5:157-169. [PMID: 33893179 PMCID: PMC8281504 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of a successful immune response is to clear the pathogen while sparing host tissues from damage associated with pathogen replication and active immunity. Regulatory T cells (Treg) have been implicated in maintaining this balance as they contribute both to the organization of immune responses as well as restriction of inflammation and immune activation to limit immunopathology. To determine if Treg abundance prior to pathogen encounter can be used to predict the success of an antiviral immune response, we used genetically diverse mice from the collaborative cross infected with West Nile virus (WNV). We identified collaborative cross lines with extreme Treg abundance at steady state, either high or low, and used mice with these extreme phenotypes to demonstrate that baseline Treg quantity predicted the magnitude of the CD8 T cell response to WNV infection, although higher numbers of baseline Tregs were associated with reduced CD8 T cell functionality in terms of TNF and granzyme B expression. Finally, we found that abundance of CD44+ Tregs in the spleen at steady state was correlated with an increased early viral load within the spleen without an association with clinical disease. Thus, we propose that Tregs participate in disease tolerance in the context of WNV infection by tuning an appropriately focused and balanced immune response to control the virus while at the same time minimizing immunopathology and clinical disease. We hypothesize that Tregs limit the antiviral CD8 T cell function to curb immunopathology at the expense of early viral control as an overall host survival strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Jessica L Swarts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kristina R Edwards
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kathleen M Voss
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Richard Green
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Sophia Jeng
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR.,OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Darla R Miller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Michael A Mooney
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR.,OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Shannon K McWeeney
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR.,OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR.,Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Martin T Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and
| | - Michael Gale
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Jennifer M Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; .,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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10
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Graham JB, Swarts JL, Leist SR, Schäfer A, Menachery VD, Gralinski LE, Jeng S, Miller DR, Mooney MA, McWeeney SK, Ferris MT, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Heise MT, Baric RS, Lund JM. Baseline T cell immune phenotypes predict virologic and disease control upon SARS-CoV infection in Collaborative Cross mice. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009287. [PMID: 33513210 PMCID: PMC7875398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed that infection with SARS-CoV-2 can result in a wide range of clinical outcomes in humans. An incomplete understanding of immune correlates of protection represents a major barrier to the design of vaccines and therapeutic approaches to prevent infection or limit disease. This deficit is largely due to the lack of prospectively collected, pre-infection samples from individuals that go on to become infected with SARS-CoV-2. Here, we utilized data from genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) mice infected with SARS-CoV to determine whether baseline T cell signatures are associated with a lack of viral control and severe disease upon infection. SARS-CoV infection of CC mice results in a variety of viral load trajectories and disease outcomes. Overall, a dysregulated, pro-inflammatory signature of circulating T cells at baseline was associated with severe disease upon infection. Our study serves as proof of concept that circulating T cell signatures at baseline can predict clinical and virologic outcomes upon SARS-CoV infection. Identification of basal immune predictors in humans could allow for identification of individuals at highest risk of severe clinical and virologic outcomes upon infection, who may thus most benefit from available clinical interventions to restrict infection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B. Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, Unites States of America
| | - Jessica L. Swarts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, Unites States of America
| | - Sarah R. Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
| | - Vineet D. Menachery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Center, Galveston, Texas, Unites States of America
| | - Lisa E. Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
| | - Sophia Jeng
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, Unites States of America
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, Unites States of America
| | - Darla R. Miller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
| | - Michael A. Mooney
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, Unites States of America
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, Unites States of America
| | - Shannon K. McWeeney
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, Unites States of America
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, Unites States of America
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, Unites States of America
| | - Martin T. Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
| | - Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
| | - Mark T. Heise
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, Unites States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Wasington, Unites States of America
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11
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Karunakaran KD, Peng K, Berry D, Green S, Labadie R, Kussman B, Borsook D. NIRS measures in pain and analgesia: Fundamentals, features, and function. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:335-353. [PMID: 33159918 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current pain assessment techniques based only on clinical evaluation and self-reports are not objective and may lead to inadequate treatment. Having a functional biomarker will add to the clinical fidelity, diagnosis, and perhaps improve treatment efficacy in patients. While many approaches have been deployed in pain biomarker discovery, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a technology that allows for non-invasive measurement of cortical hemodynamics. The utility of fNIRS is especially attractive given its ability to detect specific changes in the somatosensory and high-order cortices as well as its ability to measure (1) brain function similar to functional magnetic resonance imaging, (2) graded responses to noxious and innocuous stimuli, (3) analgesia, and (4) nociception under anesthesia. In this review, we evaluate the utility of fNIRS in nociception/pain with particular focus on its sensitivity and specificity, methodological advantages and limitations, and the current and potential applications in various pain conditions. Everything considered, fNIRS technology could enhance our ability to evaluate evoked and persistent pain across different age groups and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthana Deepti Karunakaran
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States.
| | - Ke Peng
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States; Département en Neuroscience, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, l'Université de Montréal Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Delany Berry
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Stephen Green
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Robert Labadie
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Barry Kussman
- Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - David Borsook
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States.
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12
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Graham JB, Swarts JL, Leist SR, Schäfer A, Menachery VD, Gralinski LE, Jeng S, Miller DR, Mooney MA, McWeeney SK, Ferris MT, de Villena FPM, Heise MT, Baric RS, Lund JM. Baseline T cell immune phenotypes predict virologic and disease control upon SARS-CoV infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.09.21.306837. [PMID: 32995791 PMCID: PMC7523117 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.21.306837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed that infection with SARS-CoV-2 can result in a wide range of clinical outcomes in humans, from asymptomatic or mild disease to severe disease that can require mechanical ventilation. An incomplete understanding of immune correlates of protection represents a major barrier to the design of vaccines and therapeutic approaches to prevent infection or limit disease. This deficit is largely due to the lack of prospectively collected, pre-infection samples from indiviuals that go on to become infected with SARS-CoV-2. Here, we utilized data from a screen of genetically diverse mice from the Collaborative Cross (CC) infected with SARS-CoV to determine whether circulating baseline T cell signatures are associated with a lack of viral control and severe disease upon infection. SARS-CoV infection of CC mice results in a variety of viral load trajectories and disease outcomes. Further, early control of virus in the lung correlates with an increased abundance of activated CD4 and CD8 T cells and regulatory T cells prior to infections across strains. A basal propensity of T cells to express IFNg and IL17 over TNFa also correlated with early viral control. Overall, a dysregulated, pro-inflammatory signature of circulating T cells at baseline was associated with severe disease upon infection. While future studies of human samples prior to infection with SARS-CoV-2 are required, our studies in mice with SARS-CoV serve as proof of concept that circulating T cell signatures at baseline can predict clinical and virologic outcomes upon SARS-CoV infection. Identification of basal immune predictors in humans could allow for identification of individuals at highest risk of severe clinical and virologic outcomes upon infection, who may thus most benefit from available clinical interventions to restrict infection and disease. SUMMARY We used a screen of genetically diverse mice from the Collaborative Cross infected with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV in combination with comprehensive pre-infection immunophenotyping to identify baseline circulating immune correlates of severe virologic and clinical outcomes upon SARS-CoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B. Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Jessica L. Swarts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Sarah R. Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Vineet D. Menachery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Center, Galveston, TX
| | - Lisa E. Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sophia Jeng
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Darla R. Miller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Michael A. Mooney
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Shannon K. McWeeney
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Martin T. Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mark T. Heise
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jennifer M. Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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13
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Antipsychotic Behavioral Phenotypes in the Mouse Collaborative Cross Recombinant Inbred Inter-Crosses (RIX). G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:3165-3177. [PMID: 32694196 PMCID: PMC7466989 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.400975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is an idiopathic disorder that affects approximately 1% of the human population, and presents with persistent delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized behaviors. Antipsychotics are the standard pharmacological treatment for schizophrenia, but are frequently discontinued by patients due to inefficacy and/or side effects. Chronic treatment with the typical antipsychotic haloperidol causes tardive dyskinesia (TD), which manifests as involuntary and often irreversible orofacial movements in around 30% of patients. Mice treated with haloperidol develop many of the features of TD, including jaw tremors, tongue protrusions, and vacuous chewing movements (VCMs). In this study, we used genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) recombinant inbred inter-cross (RIX) mice to elucidate the genetic basis of antipsychotic-induced adverse drug reactions (ADRs). We performed a battery of behavioral tests in 840 mice from 73 RIX lines (derived from 62 CC strains) treated with haloperidol or placebo in order to monitor the development of ADRs. We used linear mixed models to test for strain and treatment effects. We observed highly significant strain effects for almost all behavioral measurements investigated (P < 0.001). Further, we observed strong strain-by-treatment interactions for most phenotypes, particularly for changes in distance traveled, vertical activity, and extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). Estimates of overall heritability ranged from 0.21 (change in body weight) to 0.4 (VCMs and change in distance traveled) while the portion attributable to the interactions of treatment and strain ranged from 0.01 (for change in body weight) to 0.15 (for change in EPS). Interestingly, close to 30% of RIX mice exhibited VCMs, a sensitivity to haloperidol exposure, approximately similar to the rate of TD in humans chronically exposed to haloperidol. Understanding the genetic basis for the susceptibility to antipsychotic ADRs may be possible in mouse, and extrapolation to humans could lead to safer therapeutic approaches for schizophrenia.
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14
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Graham JB, Swarts JL, Menachery VD, Gralinski LE, Schäfer A, Plante KS, Morrison CR, Voss KM, Green R, Choonoo G, Jeng S, Miller DR, Mooney MA, McWeeney SK, Ferris MT, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Gale M, Heise MT, Baric RS, Lund JM. Immune Predictors of Mortality After Ribonucleic Acid Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:882-889. [PMID: 31621854 PMCID: PMC7107456 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virus infections result in a range of clinical outcomes for the host, from asymptomatic to severe or even lethal disease. Despite global efforts to prevent and treat virus infections to limit morbidity and mortality, the continued emergence and re-emergence of new outbreaks as well as common infections such as influenza persist as a health threat. Challenges to the prevention of severe disease after virus infection include both a paucity of protective vaccines as well as the early identification of individuals with the highest risk that may require supportive treatment. METHODS We completed a screen of mice from the Collaborative Cross (CC) that we infected with influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus, and West Nile virus. RESULTS The CC mice exhibited a range of disease manifestations upon infections, and we used this natural variation to identify strains with mortality after infection and strains exhibiting no mortality. We then used comprehensive preinfection immunophenotyping to identify global baseline immune correlates of protection from mortality to virus infection. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that immune phenotypes might be leveraged to identify humans at highest risk of adverse clinical outcomes upon infection, who may most benefit from intensive clinical interventions, in addition to providing insight for rational vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jessica L Swarts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vineet D Menachery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Center, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Lisa E Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kenneth S Plante
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Clayton R Morrison
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kathleen M Voss
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Richard Green
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gabrielle Choonoo
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sophia Jeng
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Darla R Miller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael A Mooney
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Shannon K McWeeney
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Martin T Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mark T Heise
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer M Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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15
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Beneficial and Detrimental Effects of Regulatory T Cells in Neurotropic Virus Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051705. [PMID: 32131483 PMCID: PMC7084400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotropic viruses infect the central nervous system (CNS) and cause acute or chronic neurologic disabilities. Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a critical role for immune homeostasis, but may inhibit pathogen-specific immunity in infectious disorders. The present review summarizes the current knowledge about Treg in human CNS infections and their animal models. Besides dampening pathogen-induced immunopathology, Treg have the ability to facilitate protective responses by supporting effector T cell trafficking to the infection site and the development of resident memory T cells. Moreover, Treg can reduce virus replication by inducing apoptosis of infected macrophages and attenuate neurotoxic astrogliosis and pro-inflammatory microglial responses. By contrast, detrimental effects of Treg are caused by suppression of antiviral immunity, allowing for virus persistence and latency. Opposing disease outcomes following Treg manipulation in different models might be attributed to differences in technique and timing of intervention, infection route, genetic background, and the host’s age. In addition, mouse models of virus-induced demyelination revealed that Treg are able to reduce autoimmunity and immune-mediated CNS damage in a disease phase-dependent manner. Understanding the unique properties of Treg and their complex interplay with effector cells represents a prerequisite for the development of new therapeutic approaches in neurotropic virus infections.
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16
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Genetic Diversity of Collaborative Cross Mice Controls Viral Replication, Clinical Severity, and Brain Pathology Induced by Zika Virus Infection, Independently of Oas1b. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01034-19. [PMID: 31694939 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01034-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The explosive spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) has been associated with major variations in severe disease and congenital afflictions among infected populations, suggesting an influence of host genes. We investigated how genome-wide variants could impact susceptibility to ZIKV infection in mice. We first describe that the susceptibility of Ifnar1-knockout mice is largely influenced by their genetic background. We then show that Collaborative Cross (CC) mice, which exhibit a broad genetic diversity, in which the type I interferon receptor (IFNAR) was blocked by an anti-IFNAR antibody expressed phenotypes ranging from complete resistance to severe symptoms and death, with large variations in the peak and the rate of decrease in the plasma viral load, in the brain viral load, in brain histopathology, and in the viral replication rate in infected cells. The differences in susceptibility to ZIKV between CC strains correlated with the differences in susceptibility to dengue and West Nile viruses between the strains. We identified highly susceptible and resistant mouse strains as new models to investigate the mechanisms of human ZIKV disease and other flavivirus infections. Genetic analyses revealed that phenotypic variations are driven by multiple genes with small effects, reflecting the complexity of ZIKV disease susceptibility in the human population. Notably, our results rule out the possibility of a role of the Oas1b gene in the susceptibility to ZIKV. Altogether, the findings of this study emphasize the role of host genes in the pathogeny of ZIKV infection and lay the foundation for further genetic and mechanistic studies.IMPORTANCE In recent outbreaks, ZIKV has infected millions of people and induced rare but potentially severe complications, including Guillain-Barré syndrome and encephalitis in adults. While several viral sequence variants were proposed to enhance the pathogenicity of ZIKV, the influence of host genetic variants in mediating the clinical heterogeneity remains mostly unexplored. We addressed this question using a mouse panel which models the genetic diversity of the human population and a ZIKV strain from a recent clinical isolate. Through a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches, we demonstrate that multiple host genetic variants determine viral replication in infected cells and the clinical severity, the kinetics of blood viral load, and brain pathology in mice. We describe new mouse models expressing high degrees of susceptibility or resistance to ZIKV and to other flaviviruses. These models will facilitate the identification and mechanistic characterization of host genes that influence ZIKV pathogenesis.
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17
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Graham JB, Swarts JL, Thomas S, Voss KM, Sekine A, Green R, Ireton RC, Gale M, Lund JM. Immune Correlates of Protection From West Nile Virus Neuroinvasion and Disease. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:1162-1171. [PMID: 30371803 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A challenge to the design of improved therapeutic agents and prevention strategies for neuroinvasive infection and associated disease is the lack of known natural immune correlates of protection. A relevant model to study such correlates is offered by the Collaborative Cross (CC), a panel of recombinant inbred mouse strains that exhibit a range of disease manifestations upon infection. METHODS We performed an extensive screen of CC-F1 lines infected with West Nile virus (WNV), including comprehensive immunophenotyping, to identify groups of lines that exhibited viral neuroinvasion or neuroinvasion with disease and lines that remained free of WNV neuroinvasion and disease. RESULTS Our data reveal that protection from neuroinvasion and disease is multifactorial and that several immune outcomes can contribute. Immune correlates identified include decreased suppressive activity of regulatory T cells at steady state, which correlates with peripheral restriction of the virus. Further, a rapid contraction of WNV-specific CD8+ T cells in the brain correlated with protection from disease. CONCLUSIONS These immune correlates of protection illustrate additional networks and pathways of the WNV immune response that cannot be observed in the C57BL/6 mouse model. Additionally, correlates of protection exhibited before infection, at baseline, provide insight into phenotypic differences in the human population that may predict clinical outcomes upon infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Jessica L Swarts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Sunil Thomas
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine
| | - Kathleen M Voss
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine
| | - Aimee Sekine
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine
| | - Richard Green
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine
| | - Renee C Ireton
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine
| | - Jennifer M Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.,Department of Global Health, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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18
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Vidaña B, Johnson N, Fooks AR, Sánchez‐Cordón PJ, Hicks DJ, Nuñez A. West Nile Virus spread and differential chemokine response in the central nervous system of mice: Role in pathogenic mechanisms of encephalitis. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:799-810. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Vidaña
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency APHA‐Weybridge AddlestoneKT15 3NBUK
| | - Nicholas Johnson
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency APHA,‐Weybridge AddlestoneKT15 3NBUK
| | - Anthony R. Fooks
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency APHA,‐Weybridge AddlestoneKT15 3NBUK
| | | | - Daniel J. Hicks
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency APHA‐Weybridge AddlestoneKT15 3NBUK
| | - Alejandro Nuñez
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency APHA‐Weybridge AddlestoneKT15 3NBUK
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19
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Sarkar S, Heise MT. Mouse Models as Resources for Studying Infectious Diseases. Clin Ther 2019; 41:1912-1922. [PMID: 31540729 PMCID: PMC7112552 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models are important tools both for studying the pathogenesis of infectious diseases and for the preclinical evaluation of vaccines and therapies against a wide variety of human pathogens. The use of genetically defined inbred mouse strains, humanized mice, and gene knockout mice has allowed the research community to explore how pathogens cause disease, define the role of specific host genes in either controlling or promoting disease, and identify potential targets for the prevention or treatment of a wide range of infectious agents. This review discusses several of the most commonly used mouse model systems, as well as new resources such as the Collaborative Cross as models for studying infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Sarkar
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mark T Heise
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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20
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Immune-Mediated Control of a Dormant Neurotropic RNA Virus Infection. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00241-19. [PMID: 31270232 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00241-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic material from many neurotropic RNA viruses (e.g., measles virus [MV], West Nile virus [WNV], Sindbis virus [SV], rabies virus [RV], and influenza A virus [IAV]) remains detectable in the mouse brain parenchyma long after resolution of the acute infection. The presence of these RNAs in the absence of overt central nervous system (CNS) disease has led to the suggestion that they are viral remnants, with little or no potential to reactivate. Here we show that MV RNA remains detectable in permissive mouse neurons long after challenge with MV and, moreover, that immunosuppression can cause RNA and protein synthesis to rebound, triggering neuropathogenesis months after acute viral control. Robust recrudescence of viral transcription and protein synthesis occurs after experimental depletion of cells of the adaptive immune response and is associated with a loss of T resident memory (Trm) lymphocytes within the brain. The disease associated with loss of immune control is distinct from that seen during the acute infection: immune cell-depleted, long-term-infected mice display severe gait and motor problems, in contrast to the wasting and lethal disease that occur during acute infection of immunodeficient hosts. These results illuminate the potential consequences of noncytolytic, immune-mediated viral control in the CNS and demonstrate that what were once considered "resolved" RNA viral infections may, in fact, induce diseases later in life that are distinct from those caused by acute infection.IMPORTANCE Viral infections of neurons are often not cytopathic; thus, once-infected neurons survive, and viral RNAs can be detected long after apparent viral control. These RNAs are generally considered viral fossils, unlikely to contribute to central nervous system (CNS) disease. Using a mouse model of measles virus (MV) neuronal infection, we show that MV RNA is maintained in the CNS of infected mice long after acute control and in the absence of overt disease. Viral replication is suppressed by the adaptive immune response; when these immune cells are depleted, viral protein synthesis recurs, inducing a CNS disease that is distinct from that observed during acute infection. The studies presented here provide the basis for understanding how persistent RNA infections in the CNS are controlled by the host immune response, as well as the pathogenic consequences of noncytolytic viral control.
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21
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McGuckin Wuertz K, Treuting PM, Hemann EA, Esser-Nobis K, Snyder AG, Graham JB, Daniels BP, Wilkins C, Snyder JM, Voss KM, Oberst A, Lund J, Gale M. STING is required for host defense against neuropathological West Nile virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007899. [PMID: 31415679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile Virus (WNV), an emerging and re-emerging RNA virus, is the leading source of arboviral encephalitic morbidity and mortality in the United States. WNV infections are acutely controlled by innate immunity in peripheral tissues outside of the central nervous system (CNS) but WNV can evade the actions of interferon (IFN) to facilitate CNS invasion, causing encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, and death. Recent studies indicate that STimulator of INterferon Gene (STING), canonically known for initiating a type I IFN production and innate immune response to cytosolic DNA, is required for host defense against neurotropic RNA viruses. We evaluated the role of STING in host defense to control WNV infection and pathology in a murine model of infection. When challenged with WNV, STING knock out (-/-) mice displayed increased morbidity and mortality compared to wild type (WT) mice. Virologic analysis and assessment of STING activation revealed that STING signaling was not required for control of WNV in the spleen nor was WNV sufficient to mediate canonical STING activation in vitro. However, STING-/- mice exhibited a clear trend of increased viral load and virus dissemination in the CNS. We found that STING-/- mice exhibited increased and prolonged neurological signs compared to WT mice. Pathological examination revealed increased lesions, mononuclear cellular infiltration and neuronal death in the CNS of STING-/- mice, with sustained pathology after viral clearance. We found that STING was required in bone marrow derived macrophages for early control of WNV replication and innate immune activation. In vivo, STING-/- mice developed an aberrant T cell response in both the spleen and brain during WNV infection that linked with increased and sustained CNS pathology compared to WT mice. Our findings demonstrate that STING plays a critical role in immune programming for the control of neurotropic WNV infection and CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn McGuckin Wuertz
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Department of Defense; United States Army Medical Department, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Piper M Treuting
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Emily A Hemann
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Katharina Esser-Nobis
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Annelise G Snyder
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jessica B Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Brian P Daniels
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Courtney Wilkins
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M Voss
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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22
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Shorter JR, Najarian ML, Bell TA, Blanchard M, Ferris MT, Hock P, Kashfeen A, Kirchoff KE, Linnertz CL, Sigmon JS, Miller DR, McMillan L, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F. Whole Genome Sequencing and Progress Toward Full Inbreeding of the Mouse Collaborative Cross Population. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:1303-1311. [PMID: 30858237 PMCID: PMC6505143 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Two key features of recombinant inbred panels are well-characterized genomes and reproducibility. Here we report on the sequenced genomes of six additional Collaborative Cross (CC) strains and on inbreeding progress of 72 CC strains. We have previously reported on the sequences of 69 CC strains that were publicly available, bringing the total of CC strains with whole genome sequence up to 75. The sequencing of these six CC strains updates the efforts toward inbreeding undertaken by the UNC Systems Genetics Core. The timing reflects our competing mandates to release to the public as many CC strains as possible while achieving an acceptable level of inbreeding. The new six strains have a higher than average founder contribution from non-domesticus strains than the previously released CC strains. Five of the six strains also have high residual heterozygosity (>14%), which may be related to non-domesticus founder contributions. Finally, we report on updated estimates on residual heterozygosity across the entire CC population using a novel, simple and cost effective genotyping platform on three mice from each strain. We observe a reduction in residual heterozygosity across all previously released CC strains. We discuss the optimal use of different genetic resources available for the CC population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timothy A Bell
- Department of Genetics
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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23
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Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of West Nile Virus Isolate 2004Hou3. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081936. [PMID: 31010172 PMCID: PMC6514990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is an arbovirus with important public health implications globally. This study characterizes a viral isolate, 2004Hou3, in comparison with the NY99 strain from the original WNV outbreak in New York, USA. NextGen sequencing was used to compare the viral isolates genetically, while wild-type C57/BL6 mice were used to compare pathogenicity and viral persistence. Significant differences in survival and clinical presentations were noted, with minor genetic variations between the two strains potentially offering an explanation. One notable difference is that 5 of 35 mice infected with the 2004Hou3 strain developed hind limb flaccid paralysis, suggesting its possible use as a small animal pathogenesis model for this clinical characteristic often observed in human WN neuroinvasive disease patients but not reported in other animal models of infection. Overall, this study suggests that 2004Hou3 is a less pathogenic strain with potential for use in long-term outcome studies using small animal models.
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24
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Noll KE, Ferris MT, Heise MT. The Collaborative Cross: A Systems Genetics Resource for Studying Host-Pathogen Interactions. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 25:484-498. [PMID: 30974083 PMCID: PMC6494101 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Host genetic variation has a major impact on infectious disease susceptibility. The study of pathogen resistance genes, largely aided by mouse models, has significantly advanced our understanding of infectious disease pathogenesis. The Collaborative Cross (CC), a newly developed multi-parental mouse genetic reference population, serves as a tractable model system to study how pathogens interact with genetically diverse populations. In this review, we summarize progress utilizing the CC as a platform to develop improved models of pathogen-induced disease and to map polymorphic host response loci associated with variation in susceptibility to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E Noll
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martin T Ferris
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Mark T Heise
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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25
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Orgel K, Smeekens JM, Ye P, Fotsch L, Guo R, Miller DR, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Burks AW, Ferris MT, Kulis MD. Genetic diversity between mouse strains allows identification of the CC027/GeniUnc strain as an orally reactive model of peanut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:1027-1037.e7. [PMID: 30342892 PMCID: PMC7252586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved animal models are needed to understand the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to food allergy. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess food allergy phenotypes in a genetically diverse collection of mice. METHODS We selected 16 Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse strains, as well as the classic inbred C57BL/6J, C3H/HeJ, and BALB/cJ strains, for screening. Female mice were sensitized to peanut intragastrically with or without cholera toxin and then challenged with peanut by means of oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection and assessed for anaphylaxis. Peanut-specific immunoglobulins, T-cell cytokines, regulatory T cells, mast cells, and basophils were quantified. RESULTS Eleven of the 16 CC strains had allergic reactions to intraperitoneal peanut challenge, whereas only CC027/GeniUnc mice reproducibly experienced severe symptoms after oral food challenge (OFC). CC027/GeniUnc, C3H/HeJ, and C57BL/6J mice all mounted a TH2 response against peanut, leading to production of IL-4 and IgE, but only the CC027/GeniUnc mice reacted to OFC. Orally induced anaphylaxis in CC027/GeniUnc mice was correlated with serum levels of Ara h 2 in circulation but not with allergen-specific IgE or mucosal mast cell protease 1 levels, indicating systemic allergen absorption is important for anaphylaxis through the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, CC027/GeniUnc, but not C3H/HeJ or BALB/cJ, mice can be sensitized in the absence of cholera toxin and react on OFC to peanut. CONCLUSIONS We have identified and characterized CC027/GeniUnc mice as a strain that is genetically susceptible to peanut allergy and prone to severe reactions after OFC. More broadly, these findings demonstrate the untapped potential of the CC population in developing novel models for allergy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Orgel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Johanna M Smeekens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ping Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Lauren Fotsch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Rishu Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Darla R Miller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - A Wesley Burks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Martin T Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Michael D Kulis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC.
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26
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Leist SR, Baric RS. Giving the Genes a Shuffle: Using Natural Variation to Understand Host Genetic Contributions to Viral Infections. Trends Genet 2018; 34:777-789. [PMID: 30131185 PMCID: PMC7114642 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The laboratory mouse has proved an invaluable model to identify host factors that regulate the progression and outcome of virus-induced disease. The paradigm is to use single-gene knockouts in inbred mouse strains or genetic mapping studies using biparental mouse populations. However, genetic variation among these mouse strains is limited compared with the diversity seen in human populations. To address this disconnect, a multiparental mouse population has been developed to specifically dissect the multigenetic regulation of complex disease traits. The Collaborative Cross (CC) population of recombinant inbred mouse strains is a well-suited systems-genetics tool to identify susceptibility alleles that control viral and microbial infection outcomes and immune responses and to test the promise of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; https://sph.unc.edu/adv_profile/ralph-s-baric-phd/
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27
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Graham JB, Swarts JL, Mooney M, Choonoo G, Jeng S, Miller DR, Ferris MT, McWeeney S, Lund JM. Extensive Homeostatic T Cell Phenotypic Variation within the Collaborative Cross. Cell Rep 2018; 21:2313-2325. [PMID: 29166619 PMCID: PMC5728448 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Collaborative Cross (CC) is a panel of reproducible recombinant inbred mouse strains with high levels of standing genetic variation, affording an unprecedented opportunity to perform experiments in a small animal model containing controlled genetic diversity while allowing for genetic replicates. Here, we advance the utility of this unique mouse resource for immunology research because it allows for both examination and genetic dissection of mechanisms behind adaptive immune states in mice with distinct and defined genetic makeups. This approach is based on quantitative trait locus mapping: identifying genetically variant genome regions associated with phenotypic variance in traits of interest. Furthermore, the CC can be utilized for mouse model development; distinct strains have unique immunophenotypes and immune properties, making them suitable for research on particular diseases and infections. Here, we describe variations in cellular immune phenotypes across F1 crosses of CC strains and reveal quantitative trait loci responsible for several immune phenotypes. The Collaborative Cross models the phenotypic diversity observed in human immunity QTL mapping in the CC reveals candidate genes linked to T cell phenotypes
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jessica L Swarts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Michael Mooney
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; OHSU Knight Cancer Center Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Gabrielle Choonoo
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; OHSU Knight Cancer Center Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sophia Jeng
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Darla R Miller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Martin T Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shannon McWeeney
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; OHSU Knight Cancer Center Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jennifer M Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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28
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Manet C, Roth C, Tawfik A, Cantaert T, Sakuntabhai A, Montagutelli X. Host genetic control of mosquito-borne Flavivirus infections. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:384-407. [PMID: 30167843 PMCID: PMC7614898 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses, several of which represent emerging or re-emerging pathogens responsible for widespread infections with consequences ranging from asymptomatic seroconversion to severe clinical diseases and congenital developmental deficits. This variability is due to multiple factors including host genetic determinants, the role of which has been investigated in mouse models and human genetic studies. In this review, we provide an overview of the host genes and variants which modify susceptibility or resistance to major mosquito-borne flaviviruses infections in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Manet
- Mouse Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Claude Roth
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 2000-Génomique Evolutive, Modélisation et Santé, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Tawfik
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 2000-Génomique Evolutive, Modélisation et Santé, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Tineke Cantaert
- Immunology Group, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, International Network of Pasteur Institutes, Phnom Penh, 12201, Cambodia
| | - Anavaj Sakuntabhai
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
- CNRS, UMR 2000-Génomique Evolutive, Modélisation et Santé, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Xavier Montagutelli
- Mouse Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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29
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Kosch R, Delarocque J, Claus P, Becker SC, Jung K. Gene expression profiles in neurological tissues during West Nile virus infection: a critical meta-analysis. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:530. [PMID: 30001706 PMCID: PMC6044103 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infections with the West Nile virus (WNV) can attack neurological tissues in the host and alter gene expression levels therein. Several individual studies have analyzed these changes in the transcriptome based on measurements with DNA microarrays. Individual microarray studies produce a high-dimensional data structure with the number of studied genes exceeding the available sample size by far. Therefore, the level of scientific evidence of these studies is rather low and results can remain uncertain. Furthermore, the individual studies concentrate on different types of tissues or different time points after infection. A general statement regarding the transcriptional changes through WNV infection in neurological tissues is therefore hard to make. We screened public databases for transcriptome expression studies related to WNV infections and used different analysis pipelines to perform meta-analyses of these data with the goal of obtaining more stable results and increasing the level of evidence. Results We generated new lists of genes differentially expressed between WNV infected neurological tissues and control samples. A comparison with these genes to findings of a meta-analysis of immunological tissues is performed to figure out tissue-specific differences. While 5.879 genes were identified exclusively in the neurological tissues, 15 genes were found exclusively in the immunological tissues, and 44 genes were commonly detected in both tissues. Most findings of the original studies could be confirmed by the meta-analysis with a higher statistical power, but some genes and GO terms related to WNV were newly detected, too. In addition, we identified gene ontology terms related to certain infection processes, which are significantly enriched among the differentially expressed genes. In the neurological tissues, 17 gene ontology terms were found significantly different, and 2 terms in the immunological tissues. Conclusions A critical discussion of our findings shows benefits but also limitations of the meta-analytic approach. In summary, the produced gene lists, identified gene ontology terms and network reconstructions appear to be more reliable than the results from the individual studies. Our meta-analysis provides a basis for further research on the transcriptional mechanisms by WNV infections in neurological tissues. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4914-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Kosch
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17p, Hanover, 30559, Germany
| | - Julien Delarocque
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17p, Hanover, 30559, Germany
| | - Peter Claus
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hanover, 30625, Germany
| | - Stefanie C Becker
- Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, Hanover, 30559, Germany.,Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, Hanover, 30559, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17p, Hanover, 30559, Germany. .,Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, Hanover, 30559, Germany.
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30
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Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, has been a significant public health concern in the United States for nearly two decades. The virus has been linked to acute viral encephalitis, neurological sequelae, and chronic kidney diseases. Neither antiviral drugs nor vaccines are currently available for humans. In vitro cell culture and experimental animal models have been used to study WNV infection in humans. In this review, we will focus on recent findings and provide new insights into WNV host immunity and viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanle Luo
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA.,Institute for Human Infections & Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
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31
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Abstract
The use of a mouse model to study the breadth of symptoms and disease severity seen in human West Nile virus (WNV) infection can provide insight into the kinetics of the immune response and the specific pathways responsible for control of WNV infection and viral clearance. Here, we provide protocols for performing WNV infection of mice, as well as complete immunophenotyping analysis of the cellular immune response to infection in both the periphery and the central nervous system in a mouse model of WNV infection. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jessica L Swarts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jennifer M Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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32
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Mozzi A, Pontremoli C, Sironi M. Genetic susceptibility to infectious diseases: Current status and future perspectives from genome-wide approaches. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 66:286-307. [PMID: 28951201 PMCID: PMC7106304 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been widely applied to identify genetic factors that affect complex diseases or traits. Presently, the GWAS Catalog includes > 2800 human studies. Of these, only a minority have investigated the susceptibility to infectious diseases or the response to therapies for the treatment or prevention of infections. Despite their limited application in the field, GWASs have provided valuable insights by pinpointing associations to both innate and adaptive immune response loci, as well as novel unexpected risk factors for infection susceptibility. Herein, we discuss some issues and caveats of GWASs for infectious diseases, we review the most recent findings ensuing from these studies, and we provide a brief summary of selected GWASs for infections in non-human mammals. We conclude that, although the general trend in the field of complex traits is to shift from GWAS to next-generation sequencing, important knowledge on infectious disease-related traits can be still gained by GWASs, especially for those conditions that have never been investigated using this approach. We suggest that future studies will benefit from the leveraging of information from the host's and pathogen's genomes, as well as from the exploration of models that incorporate heterogeneity across populations and phenotypes. Interactions within HLA genes or among HLA variants and polymorphisms located outside the major histocompatibility complex may also play an important role in shaping the susceptibility and response to invading pathogens. Relatively few GWASs for infectious diseases were performed. Phenotype heterogeneity and case/control misclassification can affect GWAS power. Adaptive and innate immunity loci were identified in several infectious disease GWASs. Unexpected loci (e.g., lncRNAs) were also associated with infection susceptibility. GWASs should integrate host and pathogen diversity and use complex association models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mozzi
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Chiara Pontremoli
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy.
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Brinkmeyer-Langford CL, Rech R, Amstalden K, Kochan KJ, Hillhouse AE, Young C, Welsh CJ, Threadgill DW. Host genetic background influences diverse neurological responses to viral infection in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12194. [PMID: 28939838 PMCID: PMC5610195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) is a model for neurological outcomes caused by virus infection because it leads to diverse neurological conditions in mice, depending on the strain infected. To extend knowledge on the heterogeneous neurological outcomes caused by TMEV and identify new models of human neurological diseases associated with antecedent infections, we analyzed the phenotypic consequences of TMEV infection in the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse population. We evaluated 5 different CC strains for outcomes of long-term infection (3 months) and acute vs. early chronic infection (7 vs. 28 days post-infection), using neurological and behavioral phenotyping tests and histology. We correlated phenotypic observations with haplotypes of genomic regions previously linked to TMEV susceptibility to test the hypothesis that genomic diversity within CC mice results in variable disease phenotypes in response to TMEV. None of the 5 strains analyzed had a response identical to that of any other CC strain or inbred strain for which prior data are available, indicating that strains of the CC can produce novel models of neurological disease. Thus, CC strains can be a powerful resource for studying how viral infection can cause different neurological outcomes depending on host genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Rech
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - Katia Amstalden
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - Kelli J Kochan
- Texas A&M Institute for Genomic Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - Andrew E Hillhouse
- Texas A&M Institute for Genomic Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - Colin Young
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - C Jane Welsh
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - David W Threadgill
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
- Texas A&M Institute for Genomic Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
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Miller KD, Rall GF. What Kaplan-Meier survival curves don't tell us about CNS disease. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 308:25-29. [PMID: 28187911 PMCID: PMC5474346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system consequences of viral infections are rare, but when they do occur, they are often serious and clinically challenging to manage. Our awareness of the perils of neuroinvasion by viruses is growing: the recently appreciated impact of Ebola and Zika virus infections on CNS integrity, decreases in vaccination coverage for potentially neurotropic viruses such as measles, and increased neurovirulence of some influenza strains collectively highlight the need for a better understanding of the viral-neural interaction. Defining these interactions and how they result in neuropathogenesis is paramount for the development of better clinical strategies, especially given the limited treatment options that are available due to the unique physiology of the brain that limits migration of blood-borne molecules into the CNS parenchyma. In this perspective, we discuss some unique aspects of neuronal viral infections and immune-mediated control that impact the pathogenic outcomes of these infections. Further, we draw attention to an often overlooked aspect of neuropathogenesis research: that lack of overt disease, which is often equated with survival post-infection, likely only scratches the surface of the myriad ways by which neurotropic infections can impair CNS function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn D Miller
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Program in Blood Cell Development and Function, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Glenn F Rall
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Program in Blood Cell Development and Function, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Suwanmanee T, Ferris MT, Hu P, Gui T, Montgomery SA, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Kafri T. Toward Personalized Gene Therapy: Characterizing the Host Genetic Control of Lentiviral-Vector-Mediated Hepatic Gene Delivery. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2017; 5:83-92. [PMID: 28480308 PMCID: PMC5415322 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The success of lentiviral vectors in curing fatal genetic and acquired diseases has opened a new era in human gene therapy. However, variability in the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic approach has been reported in human patients. Consequently, lentiviral-vector-based gene therapy is limited to incurable human diseases, with little understanding of the underlying causes of adverse effects and poor efficacy. To assess the role that host genetic variation has on efficacy of gene therapy, we characterized lentiviral-vector gene therapy within a set of 12 collaborative cross mouse strains. Lentiviral vectors carrying the firefly luciferase cDNA under the control of a liver-specific promoter were administered to female mice, with total-body and hepatic luciferase expression periodically monitored through 41 weeks post-vector administration. Vector copy number per diploid genome in mouse liver and spleen was determined at the end of this study. We identified major strain-specific contributions to overall success of transduction, vector biodistribution, maximum luciferase expression, and the kinetics of luciferase expression throughout the study. Our results highlight the importance of genetic variation on gene-therapeutic efficacy; provide new models with which to more rigorously assess gene therapy approaches; and suggest that redesigning preclinical studies of gene-therapy methodologies might be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thipparat Suwanmanee
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Martin T. Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Peirong Hu
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tong Gui
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Montgomery
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tal Kafri
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Oas1b-dependent Immune Transcriptional Profiles of West Nile Virus Infection in the Collaborative Cross. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2017; 7:1665-1682. [PMID: 28592649 PMCID: PMC5473748 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.041624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The oligoadenylate-synthetase (Oas) gene locus provides innate immune resistance to virus infection. In mouse models, variation in the Oas1b gene influences host susceptibility to flavivirus infection. However, the impact of Oas variation on overall innate immune programming and global gene expression among tissues and in different genetic backgrounds has not been defined. We examined how Oas1b acts in spleen and brain tissue to limit West Nile virus (WNV) susceptibility and disease across a range of genetic backgrounds. The laboratory founder strains of the mouse Collaborative Cross (CC) (A/J, C57BL/6J, 129S1/SvImJ, NOD/ShiLtJ, and NZO/HlLtJ) all encode a truncated, defective Oas1b, whereas the three wild-derived inbred founder strains (CAST/EiJ, PWK/PhJ, and WSB/EiJ) encode a full-length OAS1B protein. We assessed disease profiles and transcriptional signatures of F1 hybrids derived from these founder strains. F1 hybrids included wild-type Oas1b (F/F), homozygous null Oas1b (N/N), and heterozygous offspring of both parental combinations (F/N and N/F). These mice were challenged with WNV, and brain and spleen samples were harvested for global gene expression analysis. We found that the Oas1b haplotype played a role in WNV susceptibility and disease metrics, but the presence of a functional Oas1b allele in heterozygous offspring did not absolutely predict protection against disease. Our results indicate that Oas1b status as wild-type or truncated, and overall Oas1b gene dosage, link with novel innate immune gene signatures that impact specific biological pathways for the control of flavivirus infection and immunity through both Oas1b-dependent and independent processes.
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Allelic Variation in the Toll-Like Receptor Adaptor Protein Ticam2 Contributes to SARS-Coronavirus Pathogenesis in Mice. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2017; 7:1653-1663. [PMID: 28592648 PMCID: PMC5473747 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.041434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Host genetic variation is known to contribute to differential pathogenesis following infection. Mouse models allow direct assessment of host genetic factors responsible for susceptibility to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Based on an assessment of early stage lines from the Collaborative Cross mouse multi-parent population, we identified two lines showing highly divergent susceptibilities to SARS-CoV: the resistant CC003/Unc and the susceptible CC053/Unc. We generated 264 F2 mice between these strains, and infected them with SARS-CoV. Weight loss, pulmonary hemorrhage, and viral load were all highly correlated disease phenotypes. We identified a quantitative trait locus of major effect on chromosome 18 (27.1–58.6 Mb) which affected weight loss, viral titer and hemorrhage. Additionally, each of these three phenotypes had distinct quantitative trait loci [Chr 9 (weight loss), Chrs 7 and 12 (virus titer), and Chr 15 (hemorrhage)]. We identified Ticam2, an adaptor protein in the TLR signaling pathways, as a candidate driving differential disease at the Chr 18 locus. Ticam2−/− mice were highly susceptible to SARS-CoV infection, exhibiting increased weight loss and more pulmonary hemorrhage than control mice. These results indicate a critical role for Ticam2 in SARS-CoV disease, and highlight the importance of host genetic variation in disease responses.
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