1
|
Symmonds J, Gaufin T, Xu C, Raehtz KD, Ribeiro RM, Pandrea I, Apetrei C. Making a Monkey out of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Pathogenesis: Immune Cell Depletion Experiments as a Tool to Understand the Immune Correlates of Protection and Pathogenicity in HIV Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:972. [PMID: 38932264 PMCID: PMC11209256 DOI: 10.3390/v16060972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of HIV pathogenesis is critical for designing successful HIV vaccines and cure strategies. However, achieving this goal is complicated by the virus's direct interactions with immune cells, the induction of persistent reservoirs in the immune system cells, and multiple strategies developed by the virus for immune evasion. Meanwhile, HIV and SIV infections induce a pandysfunction of the immune cell populations, making it difficult to untangle the various concurrent mechanisms of HIV pathogenesis. Over the years, one of the most successful approaches for dissecting the immune correlates of protection in HIV/SIV infection has been the in vivo depletion of various immune cell populations and assessment of the impact of these depletions on the outcome of infection in non-human primate models. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the strategies and results of manipulating SIV pathogenesis through in vivo depletions of key immune cells populations. Although each of these methods has its limitations, they have all contributed to our understanding of key pathogenic pathways in HIV/SIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jen Symmonds
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (J.S.); (C.X.); (K.D.R.); (I.P.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Thaidra Gaufin
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA 70433, USA;
| | - Cuiling Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (J.S.); (C.X.); (K.D.R.); (I.P.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Kevin D. Raehtz
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (J.S.); (C.X.); (K.D.R.); (I.P.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Ruy M. Ribeiro
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Ivona Pandrea
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (J.S.); (C.X.); (K.D.R.); (I.P.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Cristian Apetrei
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baltazar-Díaz TA, Andrade-Villanueva JF, Sánchez-Álvarez P, Amador-Lara F, Holguín-Aguirre T, Sánchez-Reyes K, Álvarez-Zavala M, López-Roa RI, Bueno-Topete MR, González-Hernández LA. A Two-Faced Gut Microbiome: Butyrogenic and Proinflammatory Bacteria Predominate in the Intestinal Milieu of People Living with HIV from Western Mexico. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4830. [PMID: 38732048 PMCID: PMC11084381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV infection results in marked alterations in the gut microbiota (GM), such as the loss of microbial diversity and different taxonomic and metabolic profiles. Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART) partially ablating gastrointestinal alterations, the taxonomic profile after successful new ART has shown wide variations. Our objective was to determine the GM composition and functions in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) under ART in comparison to seronegative controls (SC). Fecal samples from 21 subjects (treated with integrase strand-transfer inhibitors, INSTIs) and 18 SC were included. We employed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, coupled with PICRUSt2 and fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) quantification by gas chromatography. The INSTI group showed a decreased α-diversity (p < 0.001) compared to the SC group, at the expense of increased amounts of Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Segatella copri, Lactobacillus, and Gram-negative bacteria. Concurrently, we observed an enrichment in Megasphaera and Butyricicoccus, both SCFA-producing bacteria, and significant elevations in fecal butyrate in this group (p < 0.001). Interestingly, gut dysbiosis in PLWHIV was characterized by a proinflammatory environment orchestrated by Pseudomonadota and elevated levels of butyrate associated with bacterial metabolic pathways, as well as the evident presence of butyrogenic bacteria. The role of this unique GM in PLWHIV should be evaluated, as well as the use of butyrate-based supplements and ART regimens that contain succinate, such as tenofovir disoproxil succinate. This mixed profile is described for the first time in PLWHIV from Mexico.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tonatiuh Abimael Baltazar-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
- Instituto de Investigación en Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Departamento de Clínicas Médicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Hospital 278, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico; (J.F.A.-V.); (K.S.-R.); (M.Á.-Z.)
| | - Jaime F. Andrade-Villanueva
- Instituto de Investigación en Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Departamento de Clínicas Médicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Hospital 278, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico; (J.F.A.-V.); (K.S.-R.); (M.Á.-Z.)
- Unidad de VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Hospital 278, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico; (P.S.-Á.); (F.A.-L.); (T.H.-A.)
| | - Paulina Sánchez-Álvarez
- Unidad de VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Hospital 278, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico; (P.S.-Á.); (F.A.-L.); (T.H.-A.)
| | - Fernando Amador-Lara
- Unidad de VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Hospital 278, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico; (P.S.-Á.); (F.A.-L.); (T.H.-A.)
| | - Tania Holguín-Aguirre
- Unidad de VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Hospital 278, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico; (P.S.-Á.); (F.A.-L.); (T.H.-A.)
| | - Karina Sánchez-Reyes
- Instituto de Investigación en Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Departamento de Clínicas Médicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Hospital 278, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico; (J.F.A.-V.); (K.S.-R.); (M.Á.-Z.)
| | - Monserrat Álvarez-Zavala
- Instituto de Investigación en Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Departamento de Clínicas Médicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Hospital 278, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico; (J.F.A.-V.); (K.S.-R.); (M.Á.-Z.)
| | - Rocío Ivette López-Roa
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico;
| | - Miriam Ruth Bueno-Topete
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Luz Alicia González-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Departamento de Clínicas Médicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Hospital 278, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico; (J.F.A.-V.); (K.S.-R.); (M.Á.-Z.)
- Unidad de VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Hospital 278, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico; (P.S.-Á.); (F.A.-L.); (T.H.-A.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Planchais C, Molinos-Albert LM, Rosenbaum P, Hieu T, Kanyavuz A, Clermont D, Prazuck T, Lefrou L, Dimitrov JD, Hüe S, Hocqueloux L, Mouquet H. HIV-1 treatment timing shapes the human intestinal memory B-cell repertoire to commensal bacteria. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6326. [PMID: 37816704 PMCID: PMC10564866 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection causes severe alterations of gut mucosa, microbiota and immune system, which can be curbed by early antiretroviral therapy. Here, we investigate how treatment timing affects intestinal memory B-cell and plasmablast repertoires of HIV-1-infected humans. We show that only class-switched memory B cells markedly differ between subjects treated during the acute and chronic phases of infection. Intestinal memory B-cell monoclonal antibodies show more prevalent polyreactive and commensal bacteria-reactive clones in late- compared to early-treated individuals. Mirroring this, serum IgA polyreactivity and commensal-reactivity are strongly increased in late-treated individuals and correlate with intestinal permeability and systemic inflammatory markers. Polyreactive blood IgA memory B cells, many of which egressed from the gut, are also substantially enriched in late-treated individuals. Our data establish gut and systemic B-cell polyreactivity to commensal bacteria as hallmarks of chronic HIV-1 infection and suggest that initiating treatment early may limit intestinal B-cell abnormalities compromising HIV-1 humoral response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Planchais
- Humoral Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Luis M Molinos-Albert
- Humoral Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, F-75015, Paris, France
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pierre Rosenbaum
- Humoral Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Hieu
- Humoral Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Alexia Kanyavuz
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Clermont
- Collection of the Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Prazuck
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHR d'Orléans-La Source, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Laurent Lefrou
- Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, CHR d'Orléans-La Source, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Jordan D Dimitrov
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Hüe
- INSERM U955-Équipe 16, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Laurent Hocqueloux
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHR d'Orléans-La Source, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Humoral Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, F-75015, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ong KL, Davis MD, Purnell KK, Cutshall H, Pal HC, Connelly AN, Fay CX, Kuznetsova V, Brown EE, Hel Z. Distinct phenotype of neutrophil, monocyte, and eosinophil populations indicates altered myelopoiesis in a subset of patients with multiple myeloma. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1074779. [PMID: 36733370 PMCID: PMC9888259 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1074779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM), promote systemic immune dysregulation resulting in an alteration and increased plasticity of myeloid cell subsets. To determine the heterogeneity of the myeloid cell compartment in the peripheral blood of patients with MM, we performed a detailed investigation of the phenotype and function of myeloid subpopulations. We report that a subset of MM patients exhibits a specific myeloid cell phenotype indicative of altered myelopoiesis characterized by significant changes in the properties of circulating granulocytic, monocytic, and eosinophilic populations. The subset, referred to as MM2, is defined by a markedly elevated level of CD64 (FcγRI) on the surface of circulating neutrophils. Compared to healthy controls or MM1 patients displaying intermediate levels of CD64, neutrophils from MM2 patients exhibit a less differentiated phenotype, low levels of CD10 and CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), increased capacity for the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and an expansion of CD16neg immature neutrophil subset. Classical and patrolling monocytes from MM2 patients express elevated levels of CD64 and activation markers. MM2 eosinophils display lower levels of C-C Chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4, CD284), and tissue factor (TF, CD142). The MM2 (CD64high) phenotype is independent of age, race, sex, and treatment type. Characteristic features of the MM2 (CD64high) phenotype are associated with myeloma-defining events including elevated involved/uninvolved immunoglobulin free light chain (FLC) ratio at diagnosis. Detailed characterization of the altered myeloid phenotype in multiple myeloma will likely facilitate the identification of patients with an increased risk of disease progression and open new avenues for the rational design of novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krystle L. Ong
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Marcus D. Davis
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kalyn K. Purnell
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Hannah Cutshall
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Harish C. Pal
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ashley N. Connelly
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christian X. Fay
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Valeriya Kuznetsova
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Elizabeth E. Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Zdenek Hel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,*Correspondence: Zdenek Hel,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Benet S, Blanch-Lombarte O, Ainsua-Enrich E, Pedreño-Lopez N, Muñoz-Basagoiti J, Raïch-Regué D, Perez-Zsolt D, Peña R, Jiménez E, de la Concepción MLR, Ávila C, Cedeño S, Escribà T, Romero-Martín L, Alarcón-Soto Y, Rodriguez-Lozano GF, Miranda C, González S, Bailón L, Blanco J, Massanella M, Brander C, Clotet B, Paredes R, Esteve M, Izquierdo- Useros N, Carrillo J, Prado JG, Moltó J, Mothe B. Limited Humoral and Specific T-Cell Responses After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in PWH With Poor Immune Reconstitution. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:1913-1923. [PMID: 36200261 PMCID: PMC9619620 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We analyzed humoral and cellular immune responses induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) who had CD4+ T-cell counts <200/µL (HIV<200 group). METHODS This prospective cohort study included 58 PWH in the HIV<200 group, 36 with CD4+ T-cell counts >500/µL (HIV>500 group), and 33 HIV-1-negative controls (control group). Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-S immunoglobulin [Ig] G) and the receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD IgG) were quantified before and 4 weeks after the first and the second doses of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 (at week 8). Viral neutralization activity and T-cell responses were also determined. RESULTS At week 8, anti-S/anti-RBD IgG responses increased in all groups (P < .001). Median (interquartile range) anti-S and anti-RBD IgG levels at week 8 were 153.6 (26.4-654.9) and 171.9 (61.8-425.8) binding antibody units (BAU)/mL, respectively, in the HIV<200 group, compared with 245.6 (145-824) and 555.8 (166.4-1751) BAU/mL in the HIV>500 group and 274.7 (193.7-680.4) and 281.6 (181-831.8) BAU/mL in controls (P < .05). Neutralizing capacity and specific T-cell immune responses were absent or reduced in 33% of those in the HIV<200 group, compared with 3.7% in the HIV>500 group (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS One-third of PWH with CD4+ T-cell counts <200/µL show low anti-S/anti-RBD IgG levels, reduced in vitro neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2, and no vaccine-induced T cells after receiving coronavirus disease 2019 mRNA vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Benet
- Fundació lluita contra la sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Oscar Blanch-Lombarte
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Erola Ainsua-Enrich
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Núria Pedreño-Lopez
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Dàlia Raïch-Regué
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Daniel Perez-Zsolt
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ruth Peña
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Esther Jiménez
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Ávila
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Samandhy Cedeño
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Tuixent Escribà
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Luis Romero-Martín
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Yovaninna Alarcón-Soto
- Fundació lluita contra la sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Miranda
- Fundació lluita contra la sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Sandra González
- Fundació lluita contra la sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Lucía Bailón
- Fundació lluita contra la sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Autonomous UniversityBarcelona. Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Massanella
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Brander
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- Fundació lluita contra la sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Roger Paredes
- Fundació lluita contra la sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Esteve
- Preventive Medicine Service. Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Autonomous UniversityBarcelona. Spain
| | - Nuria Izquierdo- Useros
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Carrillo
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia G Prado
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Moltó
- Fundació lluita contra la sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Mothe
- Fundació lluita contra la sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jones ST, Guo K, Cooper EH, Dillon SM, Wood C, Nguyen DH, Shen G, Barrett BS, Frank DN, Kroehl M, Janoff EN, Kechris K, Wilson CC, Santiago ML. Altered Immunoglobulin Repertoire and Decreased IgA Somatic Hypermutation in the Gut during Chronic HIV-1 Infection. J Virol 2022; 96:e0097622. [PMID: 35938870 PMCID: PMC9472609 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00976-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Humoral immune perturbations contribute to pathogenic outcomes in persons with HIV-1 infection (PWH). Gut barrier dysfunction in PWH is associated with microbial translocation and alterations in microbial communities (dysbiosis), and IgA, the most abundant immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype in the gut, is involved in gut homeostasis by interacting with the microbiome. We determined the impact of HIV-1 infection on the antibody repertoire in the gastrointestinal tract by comparing Ig gene utilization and somatic hypermutation (SHM) in colon biopsies from PWH (n = 19) versus age and sex-matched controls (n = 13). We correlated these Ig parameters with clinical, immunological, microbiome and virological data. Gene signatures of enhanced B cell activation were accompanied by skewed frequencies of multiple Ig Variable genes in PWH. PWH showed decreased frequencies of SHM in IgA and possibly IgG, with a substantial loss of highly mutated IgA sequences. The decline in IgA SHM in PWH correlated with gut CD4+ T cell loss and inversely correlated with mucosal inflammation and microbial translocation. Diminished gut IgA SHM in PWH was driven by transversion mutations at A or T deoxynucleotides, suggesting a defect not at the AID/APOBEC3 deamination step but at later stages of IgA SHM. These results expand our understanding of humoral immune perturbations in PWH that could have important implications in understanding mucosal immune defects in individuals with chronic HIV-1 infection. IMPORTANCE The gut is a major site of early HIV-1 replication and pathogenesis. Extensive CD4+ T cell depletion in this compartment results in a compromised epithelial barrier that facilitates the translocation of microbes into the underlying lamina propria and systemic circulation, resulting in chronic immune activation. To date, the consequences of microbial translocation on the mucosal humoral immune response (or vice versa) remains poorly integrated into the panoply of mucosal immune defects in PWH. We utilized next-generation sequencing approaches to profile the Ab repertoire and ascertain frequencies of somatic hypermutation in colon biopsies from antiretroviral therapy-naive PWH versus controls. Our findings identify perturbations in the Ab repertoire of PWH that could contribute to development or maintenance of dysbiosis. Moreover, IgA mutations significantly decreased in PWH and this was associated with adverse clinical outcomes. These data may provide insight into the mechanisms underlying impaired Ab-dependent gut homeostasis during chronic HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean T. Jones
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kejun Guo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Emily H. Cooper
- Center for Innovative Design and Analysis, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Dillon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Cheyret Wood
- Center for Innovative Design and Analysis, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David H. Nguyen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Guannan Shen
- Center for Innovative Design and Analysis, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Bradley S. Barrett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Miranda Kroehl
- Center for Innovative Design and Analysis, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Edward N. Janoff
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Center for Innovative Design and Analysis, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Cara C. Wilson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mario L. Santiago
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
NK cell spatial dynamics and IgA responses in gut-associated lymphoid tissues during SIV infections. Commun Biol 2022; 5:674. [PMID: 35798936 PMCID: PMC9262959 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection induces tissue damage including lymph node (LN) fibrosis and intestinal epithelial barrier disruption leading to bacterial translocation and systemic inflammation. Natural hosts of SIV, such as African Green Monkeys (AGM), do not display tissue damage despite high viral load in blood and intestinal mucosa. AGM mount a NK cell-mediated control of SIVagm replication in peripheral LN. We analyzed if NK cells also control SIVagm in mesenteric (mes) LN and if this has an impact on gut humoral responses and the production of IgA known for their anti-inflammatory role in the gut. We show that CXCR5 + NK cell frequencies increase in mesLN upon SIVagm infection and that NK cells migrate into and control viral replication in B cell follicles (BCF) of mesLN. The proportion of IgA+ memory B cells were increased in mesLN during SIVagm infection in contrast to SIVmac infection. Total IgA levels in gut remained normal during SIVagm infection, while strongly decreased in intestine of chronically SIVmac-infected macaques. Our data suggest an indirect impact of NK cell-mediated viral control in mesLN during SIVagm infection on preserved BCF function and IgA production in intestinal tissues. Differences between pathogenic and non-pathogenic SIV infections are investigated, in terms of NK cell location, function and IgA responses in gut associated lymphoid tissues (mesenteric lymph nodes, jejunum, ileon, colon).
Collapse
|
8
|
Onabajo OO, Lewis MG, Mattapallil JJ. GALT CD4 +PD-1 hi T follicular helper (Tfh) cells repopulate after anti-retroviral therapy. Cell Immunol 2021; 366:104396. [PMID: 34157462 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections are characterized by dramatic alterations in the mucosal CD4 T cell compartment. Though viremia is effectively suppressed, and peripheral CD4 T cell numbers recover to near healthy levels after highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), some of the dysfunctional consequences of HIV infection continue to persist during therapy. We hypothesized that CD4 T follicular helper (Tfh) cell deficiencies may play a role in this process. Using the macaque model we show that SIV infection was associated with a significant loss of Tfh cells in the GALT that drain the mesentery lining the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Loss of Tfh cells significantly correlated with the depletion of the overall memory CD4 T cell compartment; most Tfh cells in the GALT expressed a CD95+CD28+ memory phenotype suggesting that infection of the memory compartment likely drives the loss of GALT Tfh cells during infection. Continuous anti-retroviral therapy (cART) was accompanied by a significant repopulation of Tfh cells in the GALT to levels similar to those of uninfected animals. Repopulating Tfh cells displayed significantly higher capacity to produce IL-21 as compared to SIV infected animals suggesting that cART fully restores Tfh cells that are functionally capable of supporting GC reactions in the GALT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olusegun O Onabajo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | | | - Joseph J Mattapallil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Onabajo OO, Mattapallil JJ. Gut Microbiome Homeostasis and the CD4 T- Follicular Helper Cell IgA Axis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:657679. [PMID: 33815419 PMCID: PMC8017181 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.657679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) are associated with severe perturbations in the gut mucosal environment characterized by massive viral replication and depletion of CD4 T cells leading to dysbiosis, breakdown of the epithelial barrier, microbial translocation, immune activation and disease progression. Multiple mechanisms play a role in maintaining homeostasis in the gut mucosa and protecting the integrity of the epithelial barrier. Among these are the secretory IgA (sIgA) that are produced daily in vast quantities throughout the mucosa and play a pivotal role in preventing commensal microbes from breaching the epithelial barrier. These microbe specific, high affinity IgA are produced by IgA+ plasma cells that are present within the Peyer’s Patches, mesenteric lymph nodes and the isolated lymphoid follicles that are prevalent in the lamina propria of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Differentiation, maturation and class switching to IgA producing plasma cells requires help from T follicular helper (Tfh) cells that are present within these lymphoid tissues. HIV replication and CD4 T cell depletion is accompanied by severe dysregulation of Tfh cell responses that compromises the generation of mucosal IgA that in turn alters barrier integrity leading to commensal bacteria readily breaching the epithelial barrier and causing mucosal pathology. Here we review the effect of HIV infection on Tfh cells and mucosal IgA responses in the GIT and the consequences these have for gut dysbiosis and mucosal immunopathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olusegun O Onabajo
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joseph J Mattapallil
- F. E. Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li W, Ma ZS. A theoretic approach to the mode of gut microbiome translocation in SIV-infected Asian macaques. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 96:5866839. [PMID: 32618338 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gut microbiome could translocate to other tissues, and the relocation triggered by HIV/SIV infection has received increasing attention. However, the underlying mode of this translocation, whether it is deterministic or random (passive) process, is not clear, not to mention quantitative estimation of the relocation probability and rates. Using multi-tissue microbiome datasets collected from SIV-infected macaques, originally reported by Klase et al. (2015), we apply Hubbell's unified neutral theory of biodiversity (UNTB) implemented by Harris et al. (2017) in the form of multi-site neutral (MSN) model to explore the translocation mode and rates of the gut microbiome. We found that (i) The translocation from gastrointestinal tract to tissues was driven by stochastic (neutral) forces as revealed by 100% neutrality-passing rates with MSN testing; (ii) The translocation probability from gastrointestinal tract to tissues is significantly larger than the baseline dispersal rates occurring within gastrointestinal tract (0.234 vs. 0.006 at the phylum level, P< 0.001). (iii) Approximately, 23% of phyla and 55% of genera were migrated from gastrointestinal tract to the tissues (liver and mesenteric lymph nodes). Our findings offer the first interpretation of the microbial translocation mode from gastrointestinal tract to tissues, and the first estimates of the translocation probability and level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Li
- Computational Biology and Medical Ecology Lab, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiaochang Donglu Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiaochang Donglu Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Zhanshan Sam Ma
- Computational Biology and Medical Ecology Lab, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiaochang Donglu Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiaochang Donglu Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiaochang Donglu Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dang LVP, Pham VH, Nguyen DM, Dinh TT, Nguyen TH, Le TH, Nguyen VL, Vu TP. Elevation of immunoglobulin levels is associated with treatment failure in HIV-infected children in Vietnam. HIV AIDS-RESEARCH AND PALLIATIVE CARE 2019; 11:1-7. [PMID: 30643469 PMCID: PMC6311331 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s181388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background HIV-infected children suffer from higher levels of treatment failure compared to adults. Immunoactivation, including humoral immunoactivation reflected by increased immunoglobulin levels, is believed to occur early during HIV infection. Therefore, we wanted investigate alteration in immunoglobulin levels in association with treatment response in HIV-infected children. Methods A nested case–control study was conducted using clinical data collected from 68 HIV-infected children enrolled at the National Hospital of Pediatrics, Vietnam. Results The results showed that immunoglobulin levels, CD4 T-cell counts, CD4 T-cell percentage, and HIV load were significantly higher in the treatment-failure group than the treatment-success group at treatment initiation. IgG and IgA levels were negatively correlated with CD4 T-cell counts (P=0.049 and P<0.01, respectively) and positively correlated with HIV load (P=0.04 and P=0.02, respectively). In addition, IgG and IgA levels were independently associated with treatment response, analyzed by Cox regression analysis (HR 1.19 [P=0.049] and HR 1.69 [P<0.01], respectively). Conclusion Elevation of IgA levels occurred early during HIV infection, and might have a prognostic role in treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linh Vu Phuong Dang
- Public Health Laboratory, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam,
| | - Viet Hung Pham
- Department of Microbiology, Vietnam National Hospital of Pediatrics, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duc Minh Nguyen
- Department of Geriatrics, National Hospital of Acupuncture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Thi Dinh
- Public Health Laboratory, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam,
| | - Thu Hoai Nguyen
- Department of Training and Direction Activity, National Geriatric Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Hai Le
- Department of Emergency, Vietnam National Hospital of Pediatrics, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Lam Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Vietnam National Hospital of Pediatrics, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Phuong Vu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Department of Biochemistry, Dinh Tien Hoang Institute of Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lin R, Chen H, Shu W, Sun M, Fang L, Shi Y, Pang Z, Wu W, Liu Z. Clinical significance of soluble immunoglobulins A and G and their coated bacteria in feces of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Transl Med 2018; 16:359. [PMID: 30558634 PMCID: PMC6296095 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG are major components in human intestinal mucosal surface and sera, and IgA- or IgG-coated bacteria play a vital role in the intestinal homeostasis. However, the correlation of IgA, IgG and their coated bacteria with the clinical characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been fully clarified. Methods The levels of soluble IgA and IgG in sera and feces were detected by ELISA, and the percentage of IgA- and IgG-coated bacteria in feces was analyzed by flow cytometry. Crohn’s disease activity index (CDAI) and Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s disease (SES-CD) for Crohn’s disease (CD) or Mayo score and ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity (UCEIS) for ulcerative colitis (UC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were used to evaluate the disease activity. Results 178 patients with CD, 75 patients with UC and 41 healthy donors were recruited in this study. We found that the concentrations of soluble IgA and IgG in feces of active IBD patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls and that the levels of soluble IgA and IgG in feces from IBD patients were positively correlated with CRP, ESR, Mayo score, UCEIS, SES-CD, and CDAI, respectively. Moreover, we also observed that the percentage of IgA- and IgG-coated bacteria markedly increased in feces of IBD patients, especially in CD patients at the age of 17 to 40 years old, with terminal ileal lesions and perianal lesions, as well as from E2 UC patients, and was closely associated with disease activities. Conclusions The levels of soluble IgA and IgG and the percentage of IgA- and IgG-coated bacteria strikingly increase in feces of IBD patients and correlate with disease activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritian Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, No. 288 Middle Zhongzhou Road, Luoyang, 471009, Henan Province, China
| | - Weigang Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Leilei Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhi Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215008, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Chongming Branch, No. 66 Xiangyang East Road, Chongming, 202157, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lopez E, Shattock RJ, Kent SJ, Chung AW. The Multifaceted Nature of Immunoglobulin A and Its Complex Role in HIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2018; 34:727-738. [PMID: 30056749 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2018.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA is the most abundant immunoglobulin in mucosal secretions, and understanding the role of IgA in both protection from HIV acquisition and modulation of HIV disease progression is a field of considerable controversy and renewed research interest. Analysis of the RV144 clinical trial associated plasma HIV envelope-specific monomeric IgA from vaccines with reduced vaccine efficacy. The RV144 trial, however, only assessed for plasma IgA, which was not further subclassed, and the role of mucosal IgA was not addressed as mucosal samples were not collected. On the other hand, several studies have detected envelope-specific IgA in mucosal secretions of highly exposed persistently seronegative cohorts, while recent macaque simian-HIV passive immunization studies have suggested a potentially protective role for mucosal IgA. It is well established that total IgA in serum appears to correlate with HIV disease progression. In contrast, a selective deficit of anti-HIV IgA responses in HIV infection is apparent, with a number of recent studies beginning to elucidate the mechanisms behind these dysfunctional IgA responses. In this review, we highlight the dichotomy that exists in the literature as to whether anti-HIV IgA is protective or harmful to the host. Herein, we emphasize the importance of distinguishing between monomeric, multimeric, and isoforms of IgA and review what is known about the complex and diverse interactions of various molecular forms of IgA with HIV in both the systemic circulation and mucosal compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ester Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Robin J. Shattock
- Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy W. Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The article describes recent advances in understanding the causes and consequences of microbial translocation in HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus infections. RECENT FINDINGS Persistent microbial translocation contributes to aberrant immune activation in immunodeficiency lentiviral infections and thereby, pathogenesis and mortality. Efforts to delineate the circumstances surrounding translocation have benefited from use of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected nonhuman primates and highlight the overwhelming immunologic diversion caused by translocating microbes. The use of therapeutics aimed at reducing microbial translocation show promise and will benefit from continued research into the mechanisms that promote systemic microbial dissemination in treated and untreated infections. SUMMARY Insights into the source and identity of translocating microbes in lentiviral infections continue to enhance the development of adjunct therapeutics.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kulkarni V, Ruprecht RM. Mucosal IgA Responses: Damaged in Established HIV Infection-Yet, Effective Weapon against HIV Transmission. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1581. [PMID: 29176985 PMCID: PMC5686557 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection not only destroys CD4+ T cells but also inflicts serious damage to the B-cell compartment, such as lymphadenopathy, destruction of normal B-cell follicle architecture, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, increased apoptosis of B cells, and irreversible loss of memory B-cell responses with advanced HIV disease. Subepithelial B cells and plasma cells are also affected, which results in loss of mucosal IgG and IgA antibodies. This leaves the mucosal barrier vulnerable to bacterial translocation. The ensuing immune activation in mucosal tissues adds fuel to the fire of local HIV replication. We postulate that compromised mucosal antibody defenses also facilitate superinfection of HIV-positive individuals with new HIV strains. This in turn sets the stage for the generation of circulating recombinant forms of HIV. What can the mucosal B-cell compartment contribute to protect a healthy, uninfected host against mucosal HIV transmission? Here, we discuss proof-of-principle studies we have performed using passive mucosal immunization, i.e., topical administration of preformed anti-HIV monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as IgG1, dimeric IgA1 (dIgA1), and dIgA2 isotypes, alone or in combination. Our data indicate that mucosally applied anti-HIV envelope mAbs can provide potent protection against mucosal transmission of simian-human immunodeficiency virus. Our review also discusses the induction of mucosal antibody defenses by active vaccination and potential strategies to interrupt the vicious cycle of bacterial translocation, immune activation, and stimulation of HIV replication in individuals with damaged mucosal barriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viraj Kulkarni
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ruth M Ruprecht
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hassan J, Wangai L, Borus P, Khayeka-Wandabwa C, Karani LW, Kithinji M, Kiptoo M. Vaccine-related poliovirus shedding in trivalent polio vaccine and human immunodeficiency virus status: analysis from under five children. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:555. [PMID: 29100529 PMCID: PMC5670520 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2843-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poliomyelitis is an acute viral infection caused by poliovirus and transmitted via the fecal–oral route. The causative agent is one of the three serotypes of poliovirus (serotypes 1, 2, 3) that differ slightly in capsid protein. Prolonged vaccine-related poliovirus shedding in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive individuals has been linked to possible reservoir for reintroduction of polioviruses after eradication. The study therefore aimed at estimating the duration for vaccine-related poliovirus shedding among potentially and HIV-infected persons. Methods Poliovirus excretion was studied following vaccination of children aged ≤ 59 month per human immunodeficiency virus status after national immunization days. Their medical records were reviewed to identify the child’s HIV status, demographic and immunization data. Sequential stool samples were collected at site 2nd, 4th and 8th week after trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) was administered. To isolate suspected polioviruses and non-polio enteroviruses, characterize poliovirus subtypes by intratypic differentiation and Sabin vaccine derived poliovirus, real time polymerase chain reaction was applied. Shedding for ≥ 24 weeks was defined as long-term persistence. Results The mean age of the study population was 28.6 months, while the median age was 24 months. Of the children recruited, majority were in the 25–48 months (n = 12; 46.2%) age category. All the HIV-positive children (n = 10) had mild symptomatic HIV status and did shed vaccine-related polioviruses between weeks 2 and 4 respectively. No participant shed polioviruses for ≥ 6 weeks. Conclusions It was evident mildly symptomatic HIV+ children sustain the capacity to clear vaccine-related poliovirus. The oral poliovirus vaccine-2 (Sabin like) that was detected in one HIV-infected child’s stool 6 weeks after the national immunization days was predominantly non revertant. There was no evident prolonged poliovirus shedding among the participants enlisted in the present study. High powered studies are desired to further corroborate these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Hassan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases (ITROMID), Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Juja, Kenya. .,Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O. Box 54628-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | | | - Peter Borus
- World Health Organization (WHO), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Christopher Khayeka-Wandabwa
- Health Sciences Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (SPST), Tianjin University, 92 Weijin road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Lucy Wanja Karani
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases (ITROMID), Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Juja, Kenya
| | | | - Michael Kiptoo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases (ITROMID), Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Juja, Kenya.,South Eastern Kenya University (SEKU), Kwa Vonza, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bhattacharya D, Danaviah S, Muema DM, Akilimali NA, Moodley P, Ndung'u T, Das G. Cellular Architecture of Spinal Granulomas and the Immunological Response in Tuberculosis Patients Coinfected with HIV. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1120. [PMID: 28955338 PMCID: PMC5601989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and HIV are individually responsible for the most deaths worldwide among all infectious agents, and coinfection with M.tb and HIV is a significant public health challenge in the developing world. Although the lung is the primary target organ for tuberculosis (TB), M.tb can also cause extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) such as in the bones and joints. Treatment of EPTB is much more challenging than treatment of pulmonary TB. The hallmark of the host immune response against TB is the formation of organized structures called granulomas that are infiltrated with immune cells and are rich in cytokines and chemokines. Inside granulomas, the host confines the M.tb bacteria to a particular region of the organ and avoids dispersion. In this study, we analyzed immune cells in bone granulomas of patients with EPTB that are also coinfected with HIV. We found that HIV-infected TB patients have dispersed bone granulomas, with reduced T cell numbers and a concomitant increase in plasma cells. Additionally, HIV-infected patients exhibited dramatically increased serum levels of IgM and IgG1 antibodies, which is indicative of T-cell-independent B-cell activation and mucosal T-cell activation, respectively. Interestingly, we also observed that CD29+ stem cells are increased in HIV-TB coinfection, suggesting a link with HIV infection. Therefore, our work provides new insights into the architecture of spinal TB granulomas and the role of B-cells and humoral immunity against a highly infectious intracellular pathogen. We propose that our findings will inform biomarker identification for EPTB and possibly the development of related therapeutics and/or vaccines to protect HIV-infected patients against disseminated TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debapriya Bhattacharya
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine (SCMM), Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,Medical Microbiology Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Siva Danaviah
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | | | | | - Prashini Moodley
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.,HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Gobardhan Das
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine (SCMM), Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Falasca F, Di Carlo D, De Vito C, Bon I, d'Ettorre G, Fantauzzi A, Mezzaroma I, Fimiani C, Re MC, Vullo V, Antonelli G, Turriziani O. Evaluation of HIV-DNA and inflammatory markers in HIV-infected individuals with different viral load patterns. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:581. [PMID: 28830393 PMCID: PMC5568129 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2676-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent residual viremia (RV) and low grade inflammation and immune activation have been associated with non-AIDS defining events. The impact of persistent RV and HIV-DNA load on immune activation/inflammation remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to gain new insights into the relation between viremia, markers of inflammation and HIV-DNA levels. METHODS Three hundred and twenty-one HIV-infected patients were studied. A retrospective analysis of viremia values, prospectively collected for 48 months, was performed. Patients were separated into three groups: 113 TND (Target Not Detected, patients with sustained undetectable viremia); 113 RV (Residual Viremia, patients who had at least three detectable viral load (VL) values <37 copies/ml); 95 LLV (Low Level Viremia, patients with at least two VL values >37 but <200 copies/ml). HIV-DNA, TNF-α, IL-6 and sCD14 were analyzed. RESULTS HIV-DNA, sCD14 and TNF-α were significantly lower in the TND group than in the RV and LLV groups. In addition, RV patients showed lower levels of HIV-DNA and sCD14 than LLV individuals. HIV-DNA load was not related to markers of inflammation. The ordinal logistic analysis showed that two independent variables were significantly associated with VL pattern: sCD14, HIV-DNA. In addition NRTIs plus NNRTIs and NRTIs plus PIs were negatively associated to VL pattern compared to INI-containing regimen. CONCLUSIONS Persistent undetectable viremia was associated with lower levels of inflammatory markers and HIV-DNA. However, the lack of normalization of these biomarkers in the TND group and the fact that HIV-DNA load was not associated with inflammation strongly suggest that other mechanisms play a major role in maintaining inflammation over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Falasca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 31, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Carlo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 31, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado De Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Bon
- Microbiology Section of the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ivano Mezzaroma
- Department of Clinical Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Carla Re
- Microbiology Section of the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vullo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 31, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Ombretta Turriziani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 31, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nabi R, Moldoveanu Z, Wei Q, Golub ET, Durkin HG, Greenblatt RM, Herold BC, Nowicki MJ, Kassaye S, Cho MW, Pinter A, Landay AL, Mestecky J, Kozlowski PA. Differences in serum IgA responses to HIV-1 gp41 in elite controllers compared to viral suppressors on highly active antiretroviral therapy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180245. [PMID: 28671952 PMCID: PMC5495342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms responsible for natural control of human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV) replication in elite controllers (EC) remain incompletely defined. To determine if EC generate high quality HIV-specific IgA responses, we used Western blotting to compare the specificities and frequencies of IgA to HIV antigens in serum of gender-, age- and race-matched EC and aviremic controllers (HC) and viremic noncontrollers (HN) on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Concentrations and avidity of IgA to HIV antigens were measured using ELISA or multiplex assays. Measurements for IgG were performed in parallel. EC were found to have stronger p24- and V1V2-specific IgG responses than HN, but there were no IgG differences for EC and HC. In contrast, IgA in EC serum bound more frequently to gp160 and gag proteins than IgA in HC or HN. The avidity of anti-gp41 IgA was also greater in EC, and these subjects had stronger IgA responses to the gp41 heptad repeat region 1 (HR1), a reported target of anti-bacterial RNA polymerase antibodies that cross react with gp41. However, EC did not demonstrate greater IgA responses to E. coli RNA polymerase or to peptides containing the shared LRAI sequence, suggesting that most of their HR1-specific IgA antibodies were not induced by intestinal microbiota. In both EC and HAART recipients, the concentrations of HIV-specific IgG were greater than HIV-specific IgA, but their avidities were comparable, implying that they could compete for antigen. Exceptions were C1 peptides and V1V2 loops. IgG and IgA responses to these antigens were discordant, with IgG reacting to V1V2, and IgA reacting to C1, especially in EC. Interestingly, EC with IgG hypergammaglobulinemia had greater HIV-specific IgA and IgG responses than EC with normal total IgG levels. Heterogeneity in EC antibody responses may therefore be due to a more focused HIV-specific B cell response in some of these individuals. Overall, these data suggest that development of HIV-specific IgA responses and affinity maturation of anti-gp41 IgA antibodies occurs to a greater extent in EC than in subjects on HAART. Future studies will be required to determine if IgA antibodies in EC may contribute in control of viral replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafiq Nabi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Zina Moldoveanu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth T. Golub
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Helen G. Durkin
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, SUNY Downstate, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Ruth M. Greenblatt
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology/Biostastistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Betsy C. Herold
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Marek J. Nowicki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Seble Kassaye
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Michael W. Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Alan L. Landay
- Department of Immunity and Emerging Pathogens, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jiri Mestecky
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
- Institute of immunology and Microbiology 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pamela A. Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|