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Marmisolle FE, Borniego MB, Cambiagno DA, Gonzalo L, García ML, Manavella PA, Hernández C, Reyes CA. Citrus psorosis virus 24K protein inhibits the processing of miRNA precursors by interacting with components of the biogenesis machinery. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0351323. [PMID: 38785434 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03513-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide. Virus infections in this crop can interfere with cellular processes, causing dramatic economic losses. By performing RT-qPCR analyses, we demonstrated that citrus psorosis virus (CPsV)-infected orange plants exhibited higher levels of unprocessed microRNA (miRNA) precursors than healthy plants. This result correlated with the reported reduction of mature miRNAs species. The protein 24K, the CPsV suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR), interacts with miRNA precursors in vivo. Thus, this protein becomes a candidate responsible for the increased accumulation of unprocessed miRNAs. We analyzed 24K RNA-binding and protein-protein interaction domains and described patterns of its subcellular localization. We also showed that 24K colocalizes within nuclear D-bodies with the miRNA biogenesis proteins DICER-LIKE 1 (DCL1), HYPONASTIC LEAVES 1 (HYL1), and SERRATE (SE). According to the results of bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation assays, the 24K protein interacts with HYL1 and SE. Thus, 24K may inhibit miRNA processing in CPsV-infected citrus plants by direct interaction with the miRNA processing complex. This work contributes to the understanding of how a virus can alter the regulatory mechanisms of the host, particularly miRNA biogenesis and function.IMPORTANCESweet oranges can suffer from disease symptoms induced by virus infections, thus resulting in drastic economic losses. In sweet orange plants, CPsV alters the accumulation of some precursors from the regulatory molecules called miRNAs. This alteration leads to a decreased level of mature miRNA species. This misregulation may be due to a direct association of one of the viral proteins (24K) with miRNA precursors. On the other hand, 24K may act with components of the cell miRNA processing machinery through a series of predicted RNA-binding and protein-protein interaction domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo E Marmisolle
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María B Borniego
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Damián A Cambiagno
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lucia Gonzalo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María L García
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo A Manavella
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carmen Hernández
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carina A Reyes
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ge P, Lu H, Wang W, Ma Y, Li Y, Zhou T, Wei T, Wu J, Cui F. Plasmodesmata-associated Flotillin positively regulates broad-spectrum virus cell-to-cell trafficking. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1387-1401. [PMID: 38130080 PMCID: PMC11022789 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Viral diseases seriously threaten rice production. Plasmodesmata (PD)-associated proteins are deemed to play a key role in viral infection in host plants. However, few PD-associated proteins have been discovered in rice to afford viral infection. Here, inspired by the infection mechanism in insect vectors, we identified a member of the Flotillin family taking part in the cell-to-cell transport of rice stripe virus (RSV) in rice. Flotillin1 interacted with RSV nucleocapsid protein (NP) and was localized on PD. In flotillin1 knockout mutant rice, which displayed normal growth, RSV intercellular movement was retarded, leading to significantly decreased disease incidence. The PD pore sizes of the mutant rice were smaller than those of the wild type due to more callose deposits, which was closely related to the upregulation of two callose synthase genes. RSV infection stimulated flotillin1 expression and enlarged the PD aperture via RSV NP. In addition, flotillin1 knockout decreased disease incidences of southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) and rice dwarf virus (RDV) in rice. Overall, our study reveals a new PD-associated protein facilitating virus cell-to-cell trafficking and presents the potential of flotillin1 as a target to produce broad-spectrum antiviral rice resources in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yonghuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant ProtectionJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Taiyun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector‐borne Virus Research Center, Institute of Plant VirologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector‐borne Virus Research Center, Institute of Plant VirologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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3
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Zhang L, Li Y, Kuhn JH, Zhang K, Song Q, Liu F. Polyubiquitylated rice stripe virus NS3 translocates to the nucleus to promote cytosolic virus replication via miRNA-induced fibrillin 2 upregulation. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012112. [PMID: 38507423 PMCID: PMC10984529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses are encapsidated mobile genetic elements that rely on host cells for replication. Several cytoplasmic RNA viruses synthesize proteins and/or RNAs that translocate to infected cell nuclei. However, the underlying mechanisms and role(s) of cytoplasmic-nuclear trafficking are unclear. We demonstrate that infection of small brown planthoppers with rice stripe virus (RSV), a negarnaviricot RNA virus, results in K63-linked polyubiquitylation of RSV's nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) at residue K127 by the RING ubiquitin ligase (E3) LsRING. In turn, ubiquitylation leads to NS3 trafficking from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where NS3 regulates primary miRNA pri-miR-92 processing through manipulation of the microprocessor complex, resulting in accumulation of upregulated miRNA lst-miR-92. We show that lst-miR-92 regulates the expression of fibrillin 2, an extracellular matrix protein, thereby increasing RSV loads. Our results highlight the manipulation of intranuclear, cytoplasmic, and extracellular components by an RNA virus to promote its own replication in an insect vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- College of Plant Protection; Yángzhōu University; Yángzhōu, Jiāngsū Province; China
| | - Yao Li
- College of Plant Protection; Yángzhōu University; Yángzhōu, Jiāngsū Province; China
| | - Jens H. Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick; Frederick, Maryland; United States of America
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Plant Protection; Yángzhōu University; Yángzhōu, Jiāngsū Province; China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Science and Technology; College of Agriculture; Food and Natural Resources; University of Missouri; Columbia, Missouri; United States of America
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Plant Protection; Yángzhōu University; Yángzhōu, Jiāngsū Province; China
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Wu J, Zhang Y, Li F, Zhang X, Ye J, Wei T, Li Z, Tao X, Cui F, Wang X, Zhang L, Yan F, Li S, Liu Y, Li D, Zhou X, Li Y. Plant virology in the 21st century in China: Recent advances and future directions. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:579-622. [PMID: 37924266 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses are a group of intracellular pathogens that persistently threaten global food security. Significant advances in plant virology have been achieved by Chinese scientists over the last 20 years, including basic research and technologies for preventing and controlling plant viral diseases. Here, we review these milestones and advances, including the identification of new crop-infecting viruses, dissection of pathogenic mechanisms of multiple viruses, examination of multilayered interactions among viruses, their host plants, and virus-transmitting arthropod vectors, and in-depth interrogation of plant-encoded resistance and susceptibility determinants. Notably, various plant virus-based vectors have also been successfully developed for gene function studies and target gene expression in plants. We also recommend future plant virology studies in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian Ye
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhenghe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xianbing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Shifang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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5
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Wang K, Fu S, Wu L, Wu J, Wang Y, Xu Y, Zhou X. Rice stripe virus nonstructural protein 3 suppresses plant defence responses mediated by the MEL-SHMT1 module. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:1359-1369. [PMID: 37404045 PMCID: PMC10576177 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study identified an evolutionarily conserved C4HC3-type E3 ligase, named microtubule-associated E3 ligase (MEL), that regulates broad-spectrum plant resistance against viral, fungal and bacterial pathogens in multiple plant species by mediating serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT1) degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway. In the present study, we found that NS3 protein encoded by rice stripe virus could competitively bind to the MEL substrate recognition site, thereby inhibiting MEL interacting with and ubiquitinating SHMT1. This, in turn, leads to the accumulation of SHMT1 and the repression of downstream plant defence responses, including reactive oxygen species accumulation, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation, and the up-regulation of disease-related gene expression. Our findings shed light on the ongoing arms race between pathogens and demonstrate how a plant virus can counteract the plant defence response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Shuai Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Liang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jianxiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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6
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Zhang K, Gu T, Xu X, Gan H, Qin L, Feng C, He Z. Sugarcane streak mosaic virus P1 protein inhibits unfolded protein response through direct suppression of bZIP60U splicing. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011738. [PMID: 37883577 PMCID: PMC10697598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cell-designated strategy that maintains the balance of protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). UPR features a network of signal transduction pathways that reprogram the transcription, mRNA translation, and protein post-translational modification to relieve the ER stresses from unfolded/misfolded proteins. Infection with plant viruses can induce the UPR, and activated UPR often promotes plant viral infections in turn. However, the mechanism used by plant viruses to balance UPR and achieve robust infection remain largely unknown. In this study, P1SCSMV was identified as a virus-encoded RNA silencing suppressor (VSR). Heterologous overexpression of P1SCSMV via potato virus X (PVX) was found lead to programmed cell death (PCD) in Nicotiana benthamiana. Furthermore, P1SCSMV was also found to inhibit the PVX infection-triggered UPR by downregulating UPR-related genes and directly induced the distortion and collapse of the ER polygonal meshes on PVX-P1SCSMV infected N. benthamiana. Moreover, self-interaction, VSR activity, UPR inhibition, and cell death phenotype of P1SCSMV were also found to be dependent on its bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) (251RKRKLFPRIPLK262). P1SCSMV was found to directly bind to the stem-loop region of NbbZIP60U via its NLS and inhibit the UPR pathways, ultimately resulting in a PCD phenotype in PVX-P1SCSMV infected N. benthamiana leaves. This study also revealed the balancing role of potyviruses encoded P1SCSMV in the UPR pathway to achieve robust viral infection. This may represent a novel virulence strategy for plant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Tianxiao Gu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Gan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Lang Qin
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Chenwei Feng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
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7
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A Novel miRNA in Rice Associated with the Low Seed Setting Rate Symptom of Rice Stripe Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043675. [PMID: 36835087 PMCID: PMC9967548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs play key regulatory roles in plant development. The changed pattern of miRNA expression is involved in the production of viral symptoms. Here, we showed that a small RNA, Seq119, a putative novel microRNA, is associated with the low seed setting rate, a viral symptom of rice stripe virus (RSV)-infected rice. The expression of Seq 119 was downregulated in RSV-infected rice. The overexpression of Seq119 in transgenic rice plants did not cause any obvious phenotypic changes in plant development. When the expression of Seq119 was suppressed in rice plants either by expressing a mimic target or by CRISPR/Cas editing, seed setting rates were extremely low, similar to the effects of RSV infection. The putative targets of Seq119 were then predicted. The overexpression of the target of Seq119 in rice caused a low seed setting rate, similar to that in Seq119-suppressed or edited rice plants. Consistently, the expression of the target was upregulated in Seq119-suppressed and edited rice plants. These results suggest that downregulated Seq119 is associated with the low seed setting rate symptom of the RSV in rice.
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Kil EJ, Kim D. The small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus) as a vector of the rice stripe virus. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 112:e21992. [PMID: 36575628 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus, is a destructive pest insect found in rice fields. L. striatellus not only directly feeds on the phloem sap of rice but also transmits various viruses, such as rice stripe virus (RSV) and rice black-streaked dwarf virus, resulting in serious loss of rice production. RSV is a rice-infecting virus that is found mainly in Korea, China, and Japan. To develop novel strategies to control L. striatellus and L. striatellus-transmitted viruses, various studies have been conducted, based on vector biology, interactions between vectors and pathogens, and omics, including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. In this review, we discuss the roles of saliva proteins during phloem sap-sucking and virus transmission, the diversity and role of the microbial community in L. striatellus, the profile and molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance, classification of L. striatellus-transmitted RSV, its host range and symptoms, its genome composition and roles of virus-derived proteins, its distribution, interactions with L. striatellus, and resistance and control, to suggest future directions for integrated pest management to control L. striatellus and L. striatellus-transmitted viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Joon Kil
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghun Kim
- Department of Entomology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Vector Entomology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Invertebrate Vector, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
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9
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Huang X, Wei J, Wu D, Mi N, Fang S, Xiao Y, Li Y. Silencing of SlDRB1 gene reduces resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum). PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2149942. [PMID: 36453197 PMCID: PMC9718546 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2149942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA-binding proteins are small molecules in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway that form the RNAi machinery together with the Dicer-like protein (DCL) as a cofactor. This machinery cuts double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to form multiple small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Our goal was to clarify the function of DRB in tomato resistant to TYLCV. In this experiment, the expression of the SlDRB1 and SlDRB4 genes was analyzed in tomato leaves by qPCR, and the function of SlDRB1 and SlDRB4 in resistance to TYLCV was investigated by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Then, peroxidase activity was determined. The results showed that the expression of SlDRB1 gradually increased after inoculation of 'dwarf tomato' plants with tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), but this gene was suppressed after 28 days. Resistance to TYLCV was significantly weakened after silencing of the SlDRB1 gene. However, there were no significant expression differences in SlDRB4 after TYLCV inoculation. Our study showed that silencing SlDRB1 attenuated the ability of tomato plants to resist virus infection; therefore, SlDRB1 may play a key role in the defense against TYLCV in tomato plants, whereas SlDRB4 is likely not involved in this defense response. Taken together, These results suggest that the DRB gene is involved in the mechanism of antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianming Wei
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Na Mi
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Sili Fang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunzhou Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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10
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Wang P, Liu J, Lyu Y, Huang Z, Zhang X, Sun B, Li P, Jing X, Li H, Zhang C. A Review of Vector-Borne Rice Viruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102258. [PMID: 36298813 PMCID: PMC9609659 DOI: 10.3390/v14102258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major staple foods for global consumption. A major roadblock to global rice production is persistent loss of crops caused by plant diseases, including rice blast, sheath blight, bacterial blight, and particularly various vector-borne rice viral diseases. Since the late 19th century, 19 species of rice viruses have been recorded in rice-producing areas worldwide and cause varying degrees of damage on the rice production. Among them, southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) and rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) in Asia, rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) in Africa, and rice stripe necrosis virus (RSNV) in America currently pose serious threats to rice yields. This review systematizes the emergence and damage of rice viral diseases, the symptomatology and transmission biology of rice viruses, the arm races between viruses and rice plants as well as their insect vectors, and the strategies for the prevention and control of rice viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyue Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jianjian Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agronomy, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yajing Lyu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Co-Construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ziting Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bingjian Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Pengbai Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xinxin Jing
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Honglian Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence:
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11
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Gong Q, Wang Y, Jin Z, Hong Y, Liu Y. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of RNAi-related gene expression during plant-virus interactions. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:33. [PMID: 37676459 PMCID: PMC10441928 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants encounter diverse invasions from pathogens including viruses. To survive and thrive, plants have evolved multilayered defense mechanisms to combat virus infection. RNAi, also known as RNA silencing, is an across-kingdom innate immunity and gene regulatory machinery. Molecular framework and crucial roles of RNAi in antiviral defense have been well-characterized. However, it is largely unknown that how RNAi is transcriptionally regulated to initiate, maintain and enhance cellular silencing under normal or stress conditions. Recently, insights into the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of RNAi-related genes in different physiological processes have been emerging. In this review, we integrate these new findings to provide updated views on how plants modulate RNAi machinery at the (post-) transcriptional level to respond to virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yunjing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhenhui Jin
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Yiguo Hong
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China.
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12
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Wang Y, Liu H, Wang Z, Guo Y, Hu T, Zhou X. P25 and P37 proteins encoded by firespike leafroll-associated virus are viral suppressors of RNA silencing. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:964156. [PMID: 36051767 PMCID: PMC9424829 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.964156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Firespike leafroll-associated virus (FLRaV) is a major pathogen associated with firespike (Odontonema tubaeforme) leafroll disease. Phylogenetic analysis showed that FLRaV possesses typical traits of subgroup II members of ampeloviruses, but encodes two additional proteins, P25 and P37. Here, we determined the microfilament localization of P25 protein. Posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) assay showed that both FLRaV P25 and P37 were able to suppress the local and systemic PTGS and FLRaV P25 was capable of suppressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene silencing triggered by both sense RNA-induced PTGS (S-PTGS) and inverted repeat RNA-induced PTGS (IR-PTGS). In contrast, FLRaV P37 was only able to inhibit the GFP silencing triggered by the S-PTGS but not the IR-PTGS. In the transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) assay, only FLRaV P25 was found to be able to reverse established TGS-mediated silencing of GFP in 16-TGS plants. We also found that FLRaV P25 could aggravate the disease symptom and viral titer of potato virus X in N. benthamiana. These results suggest that FLRaV P25 and P37 may have crucial roles in overcoming host RNA silencing, which provides key insights into our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying FLRaV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhanqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Yushuang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Hu,
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xueping Zhou,
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13
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Chen L, Chen P, Li S, Jiang M, Zhang H, Chen L, Huang X, Chen Y, Sun L, Dong P, Lin P, Wu Y. Crystal Structure of the Disease-Specific Protein of Rice Stripe Virus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8469-8480. [PMID: 35771952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rice stripe virus (RSV) is responsible for devastating effects in East Asian rice-producing areas. The disease-specific protein (SP) level in rice plants determines the severity of RSV symptoms. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays confirmed the interaction between an R3H domain-containing host factor, OsR3H3, and RSV SP in vitro and in vivo. This study determined the crystal structure of SP at 1.71 Å. It is a monomer with a clear shallow groove to accommodate host factors. Docking OsR3H3 into the groove generates an SP/OsR3H3 complex, which provides insights into the protein-binding mechanism of SP. Furthermore, SP's protein-binding properties and model-defined recognition residues were assessed using mutagenesis, ITC, and BiFC assays. This study revealed the structure and preliminary protein interaction mechanisms of RSV SP, shedding light on the molecular mechanism underlying the development of RSV infection symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Chen
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Chen
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding, and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Meiqin Jiang
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Leiqing Chen
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayu Chen
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Sun
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Dong
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingdong Lin
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunkun Wu
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
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14
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Yang Z, Zhang H, Tan X, Wei Z, Wen C, Sun Z, Sun B, Chen J. Insights Into the Effect of Rice Stripe Virus P2 on Rice Defense by Comparative Proteomic Analysis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:897589. [PMID: 35747367 PMCID: PMC9209781 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.897589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) has a serious effect on rice production. Our previous research had shown that RSV P2 plays important roles in RSV infection, so in order to further understand the effect of P2 on rice, we used Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics experimental system to analyze the changes of protein in transgenic rice expressing P2 for the first time. The results of proteomics showed that a total of 4,767 proteins were identified, including 198 up-regulated proteins and 120 down-regulated proteins. Functional classification results showed that differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were mainly localized in chloroplasts and mainly involved in the metabolic pathways. Functional enrichment results showed that DEPs are mainly involved in RNA processing and splicing. We also verified the expression of several DEPs at the mRNA level and the interaction of a transcription factor (B7EPB8) with RSV P2. This research is the first time to use proteomics technology to explore the mechanism of RSV infection in rice with the RSV P2 as breakthrough point. Our findings provide valuable information for the study of RSV P2 and RSV infection mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhongyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Caiyi Wen
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zongtao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bingjian Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bingjian Sun,
| | - Jianping Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Jianping Chen,
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15
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Jin L, Chen M, Xiang M, Guo Z. RNAi-Based Antiviral Innate Immunity in Plants. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020432. [PMID: 35216025 PMCID: PMC8875485 DOI: 10.3390/v14020432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple antiviral immunities were developed to defend against viral infection in hosts. RNA interference (RNAi)-based antiviral innate immunity is evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotes and plays a vital role against all types of viruses. During the arms race between the host and virus, many viruses evolve viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) to inhibit antiviral innate immunity. Here, we reviewed the mechanism at different stages in RNAi-based antiviral innate immunity in plants and the counteractions of various VSRs, mainly upon infection of RNA viruses in model plant Arabidopsis. Some critical challenges in the field were also proposed, and we think that further elucidating conserved antiviral innate immunity may convey a broad spectrum of antiviral strategies to prevent viral diseases in the future.
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16
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Global Identification and Characterization of C2 Domain-Containing Proteins Associated with Abiotic Stress Response in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042221. [PMID: 35216337 PMCID: PMC8875736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
C2 domain-containing proteins (C2DPs) have been identified in different genomes that contain single or multiple C2 domains in their C- or N-terminal. It possesses higher functional activity in the transmembrane regions. The identification of C2 domains were reported in a previous study, such as multiple C2 domains and transmembrane-region proteins (MCTPs) and N-terminal-TM-C2 domain proteins (NTMC2s) of rice, Arabidopsis thaliana, and cotton, whereas the C2DP gene family in rice has not been comprehensively studied, and the role of the C2DP gene in rice in response to abiotic stress is not yet fully understood. In this study, we identified 82 C2DPs in the rice genome and divided them into seven groups through phylogenetic analysis. The synteny analysis revealed that duplication events were either exhibited within the genome of rice or between the genomes of rice and other species. Through the analysis of cis-acting elements in promoters, expression profiles, and qRT-PCR results, the functions of OsC2DPs were found to be widely distributed in diverse tissues and were extensively involved in phytohormones-related and abiotic stresses response in rice. The prediction of the microRNA (miRNA) targets of OsC2DPs revealed the possibility of regulation by consistent miRNAs. Notably, OsC2DP50/51/52 as a co-tandem duplication exhibited similar expression variations and involved the coincident miRNA-regulation pathway. Moreover, the results of the genotypic variation and haplotype analysis revealed that OsC2DP17, OsC2DP29, and OsC2DP49 were associated with cold stress responses. These findings provided comprehensive insights for characterizations of OsC2DPs in rice as well as for their roles for abiotic stress.
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17
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Zhao JH, Guo HS. RNA silencing: From discovery and elucidation to application and perspectives. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:476-498. [PMID: 34964265 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RNA silencing (or RNA interference, RNAi) is a conserved mechanism for regulating gene expression in eukaryotes. The discovery of natural trans-kingdom RNAi indicated that small RNAs act as signaling molecules and enable communication between organisms in different kingdoms. The phenomenon and potential mechanisms of trans-kingdom RNAi are among the most exciting research topics. To better understand trans-kingdom RNAi, we review the history of the discovery and elucidation of RNAi mechanisms. Based on canonical RNAi mechanisms, we summarize the major points of divergence around RNAi pathways in the main eukaryotes' kingdoms, including plants, animals, and fungi. We review the representative incidents associated with the mechanisms and applications of trans-kingdom RNAi in crop protection, and discuss the critical factors that should be considered to develop successful trans-kingdom RNAi-based crop protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui-Shan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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18
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Huang Y, Li Y. Microscale Thermophoresis Assay: A Powerful Method to Quantify Protein-Nucleic Acid and Protein-Protein Interactions. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2400:21-31. [PMID: 34905187 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1835-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses are among the most disastrous pathogens that cause enormous losses in crop yield and crop quality, threatening food security worldwide. These losses are attributed to virus-induced plant physiological disorders and diseases. During the ever-evolving arm race between viruses and their hosts, viruses have evolved multiple strategies to disrupt plant fortification, for example, taking advantage of RNA silencing and plant hormone pathways. Microscale thermophoresis (MST) assay arises as a rapid and precise method to identify the interactions between biomolecules including host and viral factors from plant virus infections.The technique is based on the motion of molecules in temperature gradients, which is termed thermophoresis, and depends on the binding-induced changes in molecular size, charge, and solvation shell. This chapter provides a detailed protocol describing the application of MST assays in analyzing protein-nucleic acid and protein-protein interactions, taking the Rice stripe virus (RSV )-encoded nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) that recognizes primary miR528 transcript (pri-miR528) and Rice dwarf virus (RDV )-encoded capsid protein P2 that recognizes OsIAA10 as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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19
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Xu Y, Fu S, Tao X, Zhou X. Rice stripe virus: Exploring Molecular Weapons in the Arsenal of a Negative-Sense RNA Virus. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 59:351-371. [PMID: 34077238 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-020620-113020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rice stripe disease caused by Rice stripe virus (RSV) is one of the most devastating plant viruses of rice and causes enormous losses in production. RSV is transmitted from plant to plant by the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus) in a circulative-propagative manner. The recent reemergence of this pathogen in East Asia since 2000 has made RSV one of the most studied plant viruses over the past two decades. Extensive studies of RSV have resulted in substantial advances regarding fundamental aspects of the virus infection. Here, we compile and analyze recent information on RSV with a special emphasis on the strategies that RSV has adopted to establish infections. These advances include RSV replication and movement in host plants and the small brown planthopper vector, innate immunity defenses against RSV infection, epidemiology, and recent advances in the management of rice stripe disease. Understanding these issues will facilitate the design of novel antiviral therapies for management and contribute to a more detailed understanding of negative-sense virus-host interactions at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuai Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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20
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Ghosh D, M M, Chakraborty S. Impact of viral silencing suppressors on plant viral synergism: a global agro-economic concern. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6301-6313. [PMID: 34423406 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Plant viruses are known for their devastating impact on global agriculture. These intracellular biotrophic pathogens can infect a wide variety of plant hosts all over the world. The synergistic association of plant viruses makes the situation more alarming. It usually promotes the replication, movement, and transmission of either or both the coexisting synergistic viral partners. Although plants elicit a robust antiviral immune reaction, including gene silencing, to limit these infamous invaders, viruses counter it by encoding viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs). Growing evidence also suggests that VSRs play a driving role in mediating the plant viral synergism. This review briefly discusses the evil impacts of mixed infections, especially synergism, and then comprehensively describes the emerging roles of VSRs in mediating the synergistic association of plant viruses. KEY POINTS: • Synergistic associations of plant viruses have devastating impacts on global agriculture. • Viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) play key roles in driving plant viral synergism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Ghosh
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Malavika M
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Supriya Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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21
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Regulation of RNA Interference Pathways in the Insect Vector Laodelphax striatellus by Viral Proteins of Rice Stripe Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081591. [PMID: 34452456 PMCID: PMC8402809 DOI: 10.3390/v13081591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi), especially the small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) pathways, plays an important role in defending against viruses in plants and insects. However, how insect-transmitted phytoviruses regulate the RNAi-mediated antiviral response in vector insects has barely been uncovered. In this study, we explored the interaction between rice stripe virus (RSV) and the miRNA and siRNA pathways of the small brown planthopper, which is a vector insect. The transcript and protein levels of key genes in the two RNAi pathways did not change during the RSV infection process. When the expression of insect Ago1, Ago2, or Translin was silenced by the injection of double-stranded RNAs targeting these genes, viral replication was promoted with Ago2 silencing but inhibited with Translin silencing. Protein-protein binding assays showed that viral NS2 and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase interacted with insect Ago2 and Translin, respectively. When NS2 was knocked down, the transcript level of Ago2 increased and viral replication was inhibited. Therefore, viral NS2 behaved like an siRNA suppressor in vector insects. This protein-binding regulation of insect RNAi systems reflects a complicated and diverse coevolution of viruses with their vector insects.
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22
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Kormelink R, Verchot J, Tao X, Desbiez C. The Bunyavirales: The Plant-Infecting Counterparts. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050842. [PMID: 34066457 PMCID: PMC8148189 DOI: 10.3390/v13050842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative-strand (-) RNA viruses (NSVs) comprise a large and diverse group of viruses that are generally divided in those with non-segmented and those with segmented genomes. Whereas most NSVs infect animals and humans, the smaller group of the plant-infecting counterparts is expanding, with many causing devastating diseases worldwide, affecting a large number of major bulk and high-value food crops. In 2018, the taxonomy of segmented NSVs faced a major reorganization with the establishment of the order Bunyavirales. This article overviews the major plant viruses that are part of the order, i.e., orthospoviruses (Tospoviridae), tenuiviruses (Phenuiviridae), and emaraviruses (Fimoviridae), and provides updates on the more recent ongoing research. Features shared with the animal-infecting counterparts are mentioned, however, special attention is given to their adaptation to plant hosts and vector transmission, including intra/intercellular trafficking and viral counter defense to antiviral RNAi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kormelink
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanmarie Verchot
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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23
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Li Q, Liu N, Liu Q, Zheng X, Lu L, Gao W, Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhang S, Wang Q, Pan J, Chen C, Mi Y, Yang M, Cheng X, Ren G, Yuan YW, Zhang X. DEAD-box helicases modulate dicing body formation in Arabidopsis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/18/eabc6266. [PMID: 33910901 PMCID: PMC8081359 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc6266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells contain numerous membraneless organelles that are made from liquid droplets of proteins and nucleic acids and that provide spatiotemporal control of various cellular processes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation and rapid stress-induced alterations of these organelles are relatively uncharacterized. Here, we investigated the roles of DEAD-box helicases in the formation and alteration of membraneless nuclear dicing bodies (D-bodies) in Arabidopsis thaliana We uncovered that RNA helicase 6 (RH6), RH8, and RH12 are previously unidentified D-body components. These helicases interact with and promote the phase separation of SERRATE, a key component of D-bodies, and drive the formation of D-bodies through liquid-liquid phase separations (LLPSs). The accumulation of these helicases in the nuclei decreases upon Turnip mosaic virus infections, which couples with the decrease of D-bodies. Our results thus reveal the key roles of RH6, RH8, and RH12 in modulating D-body formation via LLPSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ningkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingguo Zheng
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenrui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yingjie Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Meiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Guodong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yao-Wu Yuan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3043, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Zhao W, Zhu J, Lu H, Zhu J, Jiang F, Wang W, Luo L, Kang L, Cui F. The nucleocapsid protein of rice stripe virus in cell nuclei of vector insect regulates viral replication. Protein Cell 2021; 13:360-378. [PMID: 33675514 PMCID: PMC7936609 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) transmitted by the small brown planthopper causes severe rice yield losses in Asian countries. Although viral nuclear entry promotes viral replication in host cells, whether this phenomenon occurs in vector cells remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we systematically evaluated the presence and roles of RSV in the nuclei of vector insect cells. We observed that the nucleocapsid protein (NP) and viral genomic RNAs were partially transported into vector cell nuclei by utilizing the importin α nuclear transport system. When blocking NP nuclear localization, cytoplasmic RSV accumulation significantly increased. In the vector cell nuclei, NP bound the transcription factor YY1 and affected its positive regulation to FAIM. Subsequently, decreased FAIM expression triggered an antiviral caspase-dependent apoptotic reaction. Our results reveal that viral nuclear entry induces completely different immune effects in vector and host cells, providing new insights into the balance between viral load and the immunity pressure in vector insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiaming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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25
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Zhao S, Wu Y, Wu J. Arms race between rice and viruses: a review of viral and host factors. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 47:38-44. [PMID: 33530035 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Much is known about the molecular interactions between positive-strand RNA viruses and dicotyledon plants. However, many important viral pathogens of the monocotyledon rice crop contain negative-strand or double-strand RNA genomes. Recent studies have shown that virus-derived small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs), host microRNAs and phytohormones regulate antiviral responses in rice plants and that rice-infecting RNA viruses encode a diverse repertoire of multifunctional proteins with counter-defensive activities. Moreover, the interactions between viral virulence proteins and host susceptibility factors also shape the virus-rice arms race. This review will focus on these recent advances and discuss strategies and challenges in the translation of discoveries made on molecular virus-rice interactions into practical virus control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhao
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuansheng Wu
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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26
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Jiang L, Lu Y, Zheng X, Yang X, Chen Y, Zhang T, Zhao X, Wang S, Zhao X, Song X, Zhang X, Peng J, Zheng H, Lin L, MacFarlane S, Liu Y, Chen J, Yan F. The plant protein NbP3IP directs degradation of Rice stripe virus p3 silencing suppressor protein to limit virus infection through interaction with the autophagy-related protein NbATG8. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1036-1051. [PMID: 32898938 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In plants, autophagy is involved in responses to viral infection. However, the role of host factors in mediating autophagy to suppress viruses is poorly understood. A previously uncharacterized plant protein, NbP3IP, was shown to interact with p3, an RNA-silencing suppressor protein encoded by Rice stripe virus (RSV), a negative-strand RNA virus. The potential roles of NbP3IP in RSV infection were examined. NbP3IP degraded p3 through the autophagy pathway, thereby affecting the silencing suppression activity of p3. Transgenic overexpression of NbP3IP conferred resistance to RSV infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. RSV infection was promoted in ATG5- or ATG7-silenced plants and was inhibited in GAPC-silenced plants where autophagy was activated, confirming the role of autophagy in suppressing RSV infection. NbP3IP interacted with NbATG8f, indicating a potential selective autophagosomal cargo receptor role for P3IP. Additionally, the rice NbP3IP homolog (OsP3IP) also mediated p3 degradation and interacted with OsATG8b and p3. Through identification of the involvement of P3IP in the autophagy-mediated degradation of RSV p3, we reveal a new mechanism to antagonize the infection of RSV, and thereby provide the first evidence that autophagy can play an antiviral role against negative-strand RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiyin Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Shu Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xijiao Song
- Public Lab, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Stuart MacFarlane
- Cell and Molecular Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
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27
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Li Y, Chen D, Hu J, Zhang K, Kang L, Chen Y, Huang L, Zhang L, Xiang Y, Song Q, Liu F. The α-tubulin of Laodelphax striatellus mediates the passage of rice stripe virus (RSV) and enhances horizontal transmission. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008710. [PMID: 32817722 PMCID: PMC7446811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV, genus Tenuivirus, family Phenuiviridae) is the causal agent of rice stripe disease transmitted by the small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus) in a persistent propagative manner. The midgut and salivary glands of SBPH are the first and last barriers to the viral circulation and transmission processes, respectively; however, the precise mechanisms used by RSV to cross these organs and transmit to rice plants have not been fully elucidated. We obtained the full-length cDNA sequence of L. striatellus α-tubulin 2 (LsTUB) and found that RSV infection increased the level of LsTUB in vivo. Furthermore, LsTUB was shown to co-localize with RSV nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) in vivo and bound NS3 at positions 74-76 and 80-82 in vitro. Transient gene silencing of LsTUB expression caused a significant reduction in detectable RSV loads and viral NS3 expression levels, but had no effect on NS3 silencing suppressor activity and viral replication in insect cells. However, suppression of LsTUB attenuated viral spread in the bodies of SBPHs and decreased RSV transmission rates to rice plants. Electrical penetration graphs (EPG) showed that LsTUB knockdown by RNAi did not impact SBPH feeding; therefore, the reduction in RSV transmission rates was likely caused by a decrease in viral loads inside the planthopper. These findings suggest that LsTUB mediates the passage of RSV through midgut and salivary glands and leads to successful horizontal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Danyu Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jia Hu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lin Kang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Huang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yin Xiang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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28
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Chen B, Lin L, Lu Y, Peng J, Zheng H, Yang Q, Rao S, Wu G, Li J, Chen Z, Song B, Chen J, Yan F. Ubiquitin-Like protein 5 interacts with the silencing suppressor p3 of rice stripe virus and mediates its degradation through the 26S proteasome pathway. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008780. [PMID: 32866188 PMCID: PMC7485977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin like protein 5 (UBL5) interacts with other proteins to regulate their function but differs from ubiquitin and other UBLs because it does not form covalent conjugates. Ubiquitin and most UBLs mediate the degradation of target proteins through the 26S proteasome but it is not known if UBL5 can also do that. Here we found that the UBL5s of rice and Nicotiana benthamiana interacted with rice stripe virus (RSV) p3 protein. Silencing of NbUBL5s in N. benthamiana facilitated RSV infection, while UBL5 overexpression conferred resistance to RSV in both N. benthamiana and rice. Further analysis showed that NbUBL5.1 impaired the function of p3 as a suppressor of silencing by degrading it through the 26S proteasome. NbUBL5.1 and OsUBL5 interacted with RPN10 and RPN13, the receptors of ubiquitin in the 26S proteasome. Furthermore, silencing of NbRPN10 or NbRPN13 compromised the degradation of p3 mediated by NbUBL5.1. Together, the results suggest that UBL5 mediates the degradation of RSV p3 protein through the 26S proteasome, a previously unreported plant defense strategy against RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Chen
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Qiankun Yang
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaofei Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Guanwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Junmin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, China
| | - Baoan Song
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, China
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29
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Roles of Small RNAs in Virus-Plant Interactions. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090827. [PMID: 31491987 PMCID: PMC6783996 DOI: 10.3390/v11090827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small RNAs (sRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), are non-coding but powerful RNA molecules of 20–30 nucleotides in length. sRNAs play crucial regulatory roles in diverse plant biological processes. Recently, many studies on sRNAs have been reported. We summarize new findings of sRNAs in virus-plant interactions to accelerate the function analysis of sRNAs. The main content of this review article includes three parts: virus-responsive sRNAs, function analysis of sRNAs in virus pathogenicity or host resistance, and some sRNAs-mediated underlying mechanisms in virus-plant interactions. New findings of sRNAs deepen our understanding about sRNAs’ roles, which might contribute to the design of novel control measures against plant viruses.
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30
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Yao S, Yang Z, Yang R, Huang Y, Guo G, Kong X, Lan Y, Zhou T, Wang H, Wang W, Cao X, Wu J, Li Y. Transcriptional Regulation of miR528 by OsSPL9 Orchestrates Antiviral Response in Rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:1114-1122. [PMID: 31059826 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Many microRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of plant antiviral defense. However, little is known about how these miRNAs respond to virus invasion at the transcriptional level. We previously show that defense against Rice stripe virus (RSV) invasion entailed a reduction of miR528 accumulation in rice, alleviating miR528-mediated degradation of L-Ascorbate Oxidase (AO) mRNA and bolstering the antiviral activity of AO. Here we show that the miR528-AO defense module is regulated by the transcription factor SPL9. SPL9 displayed high-affinity binding to specific motifs within the promoter region of miR528 and activated the expression of miR528 gene in vivo. Loss-of-function mutations in SPL9 caused a significant reduction in miR528 accumulation but a substantial increase of AO mRNA, resulting in enhanced plant resistance to RSV. Conversely, transgenic overexpression of SPL9 stimulated the expression of miR528 gene, hence lowering the level of AO mRNA and compromising rice defense against RSV. Importantly, gain in RSV susceptibility did not occur when SPL9 was overexpressed in mir528 loss-of-function mutants, or in transgenic rice expressing a miR528-resistant AO. Taken together, the finding of SPL9-mediated transcriptional activation of miR528 expression adds a new regulatory layer to the miR528-AO antiviral defense pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengze Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhirui Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rongxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yu Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ge Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiangyue Kong
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Lan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - He Wang
- Rice Research Institute and College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenming Wang
- Rice Research Institute and College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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31
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RNA-Targeted Antiviral Immunity: More Than Just RNA Silencing. Trends Microbiol 2019; 27:792-805. [PMID: 31213342 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RNA silencing is a fundamental, evolutionarily conserved mechanism that regulates gene expression in eukaryotes. It also functions as a primary immune defense in microbes, such as viruses in plants. In addition to RNA silencing, RNA decay and RNA quality-control pathways are also two ancestral forms of intrinsic antiviral immunity, and the three RNA-targeted pathways may operate cooperatively for their antiviral function. Plant viruses encode viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) to suppress RNA silencing and facilitate virus infection. In response, plants may activate a counter-counter-defense mechanism to cope with VSR-mediated RNA silencing suppression. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of RNA silencing, RNA decay, and RNA quality control in antiviral defense, and highlight the mechanisms by which viruses compromise RNA-targeted immunity for their infection and survival in plants.
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32
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Zhao W, Wang Q, Xu Z, Liu R, Cui F. Distinct replication and gene expression strategies of the Rice Stripe virus in vector insects and host plants. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:877-888. [PMID: 30990404 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent propagative plant viruses are usually transmitted between a vector insect and a host plant. To adapt to the two different organisms, viruses may show distinct genomic replication or gene expression patterns. To verify this hypothesis, we applied an aboslute real-time quantitative PCR method to measure and compare the replication levels of four genomic RNA segments and the expression levels of seven genes of rice stripe virus (RSV) according to the infection time in the small brown planthopper and rice plant, respectively. In the vector insect, RNA3 began replicating later than the other segments, and RNA2 remained nearly constant during the infection process. RNA1 was the dominant segment, and a difference of over 300-fold appeared among the four segments. In rice plants, the size of the four segments increased with infection time, but decreased to a low level in the late infection period. The ratios of the four segments varied by no more than 15-fold. In planthoppers, three expression patterns were observed for the seven viral genes during viral infection, while in rice plants, the expression patterns of the seven viral genes were similar. These results reflect distinct genomic replication and gene expression patterns in a persistent propagative plant virus in adapting to vector insects and host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhao
- 1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Qianshuo Wang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- 2Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Zhongtian Xu
- 3Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, PR China
- 4University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Renyi Liu
- 5College of Horticulture and FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Feng Cui
- 1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
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Yang Z, Li Y. Dissection of RNAi-based antiviral immunity in plants. Curr Opin Virol 2018; 32:88-99. [PMID: 30388659 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi)-based antiviral defense is a small RNA-dependent repression mechanism of plants to against viruses. Although the core components of antiviral RNAi are well known, it is unclear whether additional factors exist that regulate RNAi. Recently, a forward genetic screen identified two novel components of antiviral RNAi, providing important insights into the antiviral RNAi mechanism. Meanwhile, it was discovered that microRNAs make important contributions to host antiviral RNAi. On the other hand, to counteract host antiviral RNAi, most viruses encode viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs). Recent studies have revealed the multiple functions of VSRs and the intricate interactions between plant hosts and viruses. These findings add to our knowledge of the sophisticated host antiviral defense mechanism in plants. Ongoing molecular functional studies will improve our understanding of the co-evolutionary arms race between viruses and plants, and thereby provide key information for the development of plant antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Wu G, Zheng G, Hu Q, Ma M, Li M, Sun X, Yan F, Qing L. NS3 Protein from Rice stripe virus affects the expression of endogenous genes in Nicotiana benthamiana. Virol J 2018; 15:105. [PMID: 29940994 PMCID: PMC6019303 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice stripe virus (RSV) belongs to the genus Tenuivirus. It is transmitted by small brown planthoppers in a persistent and circulative-propagative manner and causes rice stripe disease (RSD). The NS3 protein of RSV, encoded by the viral strand of RNA3, is a viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR). NS3 plays a significant role in viral infection, and NS3-transgenic plants manifest resistance to the virus. METHODS The stability and availability of NS3 produced by transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana was investigated by northern blot analysis. The accumulation of virus was detected by western blot analysis. Transcriptome sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in NS3-transgenic N. benthamiana. RESULTS When the host plants were inoculated with RSV, symptoms and viral accumulation in NS3-transgenic N. benthamiana were reduced compared with the wild type. Transcriptome analysis identified 2533 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the NS3-transgenic N. benthamiana, including 597 upregulated genes and 1936 downregulated genes. These DEGs were classified into three Gene Ontology (GO) categories and were associated with 43 GO terms. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these DEGs were involved in pathways associated with ribosomes (ko03010), photosynthesis (ko00195), photosynthesis-antenna proteins (ko00196), and carbon metabolism (ko01200). More than 70 DEGs were in these four pathways. Twelve DEGs were selected for RT-qPCR verification and subsequent analysis. The results showed that NS3 induced host resistance by affecting host gene expression. CONCLUSION NS3, which plays dual roles in the process of infection, may act as a VSR during RSV infection, and enable viral resistance in transgenic host plants. NS3 from RSV affects the expression of genes associated with ribosomes, photosynthesis, and carbon metabolism in N. benthamiana. This study enhances our understanding of the interactions between VSRs and host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gentu Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 China
| | - Guixian Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 China
| | - Qiao Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 China
| | - Mingge Ma
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 China
| | - Mingjun Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 China
| | - Fei Yan
- The State Key Laboratory Breading Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021 China
| | - Ling Qing
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 China
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Zheng L, Zhang C, Wu J, Li Y. Detecting the Interaction of Double-stranded RNA Binding Protein, Viral Protein and Primary miRNA Transcript by Co-immunoprecipitation in planta. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e2840. [PMID: 34286045 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in plant growth, development, and response to infection by microbes. Double-stranded RNA binding protein 1 (DRB1) facilitates the processing of primary miRNA transcripts into mature miRNAs. Recently, we found that NS3 protein encoded by rice stripe virus (RSV) associates with DRB1 and promotes miRNA biogenesis during RSV infection ( Zheng et al., 2017 ). RNA co-immunoprecipitation (RIP) method was applied to identity association patterns among DRB1, NS3, and miRNA transcript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Structural Basis for the Inhibition of Host Gene Expression by Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus nsp1. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01896-17. [PMID: 29237834 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01896-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an enteropathogenic Alphacoronavirus, has caused enormous economic losses in the pork industry. Nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) is a characteristic feature of alpha- and betacoronaviruses, which exhibits both functional conservation and mechanistic diversity in inhibiting host gene expression and antiviral responses. However, the detailed structure and molecular mechanisms underlying the Alphacoronavirus nsp1 inhibition of host gene expression remain unclear. Here, we report the first full-length crystal structure of Alphacoronavirus nsp1 from PEDV. The structure displays a six-stranded β-barrel fold in the middle of two α-helices. The core structure of PEDV nsp1 shows high similarity to those of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nsp1 and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) nsp1, despite its low degree of sequence homology. Using ribopuromycylation and Renilla luciferase reporter assays, we showed that PEDV nsp1 can dramatically inhibit general host gene expression. Furthermore, three motifs (amino acids [aa] 67 to 71, 78 to 85, and 103 to 110) of PEDV nsp1 create a stable functional region for inhibiting protein synthesis, differing considerably from Betacoronavirus nsp1. These results elucidate the detailed structural basis through which PEDV nsp1 inhibits host gene expression, providing insight into the development of a new attenuated vaccine with nsp1 modifications.IMPORTANCE Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has led to tremendous economic losses in the global swine industry. PEDV nsp1 plays a crucial role in inhibiting host gene expression, but its functional mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report the full-length structure of PEDV nsp1, the first among coronaviruses to be reported. The 1.25-Å resolution crystal structure of PEDV nsp1 shows high similarity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nsp113-128 and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) nsp11-104, despite a lack of sequence homology. Structural and biochemical characterization demonstrated that PEDV nsp1 possesses a stable functional region for inhibition of host protein synthesis, which is formed by loops at residues 67 to 71, 78 to 85, and 103 to 110. The different functional regions in PEDV nsp1 and SARS-CoV nsp1 may explain their distinct mechanisms. Importantly, our structural data are conducive to understanding the mechanism of PEDV nsp1 inhibition of the expression of host genes and may aid in the development of a new attenuated vaccine.
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