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Gerber-Tichet E, Blanchet FP, Majzoub K, Kremer EJ. Toll-like receptor 4 - a multifunctional virus recognition receptor. Trends Microbiol 2024:S0966-842X(24)00171-9. [PMID: 39179422 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Since the initial description of Toll receptors in Drosophila and their mammalian counterparts Toll-like receptors (TLRs), numerous fundamental and applied studies have explored their crucial role as sensors of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Among the ten human TLRs, TLR4 is particularly well known for its ability to detect lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a component of the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall. In addition to its archetypal functions, TLR4 is also a versatile virus sensor. This review provides a background on the discovery of TLR4 and how this knowledge laid a foundation for characterization of its diverse roles in antiviral responses, examined through genetic, biochemical, structural, and immunological approaches. These advances have led to a deeper understanding of the molecular functions that enable TLR4 to orchestrate multi-nodal control by professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to initiate appropriate and regulated antiviral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Gerber-Tichet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Fabien P Blanchet
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Karim Majzoub
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Eric J Kremer
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, 34090 Montpellier, France.
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2
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Guizar P, Abdalla AL, Monette A, Davis K, Caballero RE, Niu M, Liu X, Ajibola O, Murooka TT, Liang C, Mouland AJ. An HIV-1 CRISPR-Cas9 membrane trafficking screen reveals a role for PICALM intersecting endolysosomes and immunity. iScience 2024; 27:110131. [PMID: 38957789 PMCID: PMC11217618 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 hijacks host proteins involved in membrane trafficking, endocytosis, and autophagy that are critical for virus replication. Molecular details are lacking but are essential to inform on the development of alternative antiviral strategies. Despite their potential as clinical targets, only a few membrane trafficking proteins have been functionally characterized in HIV-1 replication. To further elucidate roles in HIV-1 replication, we performed a CRISPR-Cas9 screen on 140 membrane trafficking proteins. We identified phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) that influences not only infection dynamics but also CD4+ SupT1 biology. The knockout (KO) of PICALM inhibited viral entry. In CD4+ SupT1 T cells, KO cells exhibited defects in intracellular trafficking and increased abundance of intracellular Gag and significant alterations in autophagy, immune checkpoint PD-1 levels, and differentiation markers. Thus, PICALM modulates a variety of pathways that ultimately affect HIV-1 replication, underscoring the potential of PICALM as a future target to control HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Guizar
- Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Ana Luiza Abdalla
- Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Anne Monette
- Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Kristin Davis
- Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Ramon Edwin Caballero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Meijuan Niu
- Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Xinyun Liu
- Rady Faculty of Health Science, Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Oluwaseun Ajibola
- Rady Faculty of Health Science, Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Thomas T. Murooka
- Rady Faculty of Health Science, Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
- Rady Faculty of Health Science, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Chen Liang
- Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Mouland
- Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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3
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Chung YR, Awakoaiye B, Dangi T, Irani N, Fourati S, Penaloza-MacMaster P. An attenuated lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus vector enhances tumor control in mice partly via IFN-I. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e178945. [PMID: 38861331 PMCID: PMC11290963 DOI: 10.1172/jci178945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral vectors are being used for the treatment of cancer. Yet, their efficacy varies among tumors and their use poses challenges in immunosuppressed patients, underscoring the need for alternatives. We report striking antitumoral effects by a nonlytic viral vector based on attenuated lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (r3LCMV). We show in multiple tumor models that injection of tumor-bearing mice with this vector results in improved tumor control and survival. Importantly, r3LCMV improved tumor control in immunodeficient Rag1-/- mice and MyD88-/- mice, suggesting that multiple pathways contributed to the antitumoral effects. The antitumoral effects of r3LCMV were also observed when this vector was administered several weeks before tumor challenges, suggesting the induction of trained immunity. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses, antibody blockade experiments, and knockout models revealed a critical role for host-intrinsic IFN-I in the antitumoral efficacy of r3LCMV vectors. Collectively, these data demonstrate potent antitumoral effects by r3LCMV vectors and unveil multiple mechanisms underlying their antitumoral efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Rock Chung
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and
| | - Bakare Awakoaiye
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and
| | - Tanushree Dangi
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and
| | - Nahid Irani
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and
| | - Slim Fourati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine and Center for Human Immunobiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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4
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Abdel-Haq H. Feasibility of Using a Type I IFN-Based Non-Animal Approach to Predict Vaccine Efficacy and Safety Profiles. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:583. [PMID: 38932312 PMCID: PMC11209158 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal-based tests are used for the control of vaccine quality. However, because highly purified and safe vaccines are now available, alternative approaches that can replace or reduce animal use for the assessment of vaccine outcomes must be established. In vitro tests for vaccine quality control exist and have already been implemented. However, these tests are specifically designed for some next-generation vaccines, and this makes them not readily available for testing other vaccines. Therefore, universal non-animal tests are still needed. Specific signatures of the innate immune response could represent a promising approach to predict the outcome of vaccines by non-animal methods. Type I interferons (IFNs) have multiple immunomodulatory activities, which are exerted through effectors called interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), and are one of the most important immune signatures that might provide potential candidate molecular biomarkers for this purpose. This paper will mainly examine if this idea might be feasible by analyzing all relevant published studies that have provided type I IFN-related biomarkers for evaluating the safety and efficacy profiles of vaccines using an advanced transcriptomic approach as an alternative to the animal methods. Results revealed that such an approach could potentially provide biomarkers predictive of vaccine outcomes after addressing some limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanin Abdel-Haq
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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5
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Muñoz-Medel M, Pinto MP, Goralsky L, Cáceres M, Villarroel-Espíndola F, Manque P, Pinto A, Garcia-Bloj B, de Mayo T, Godoy JA, Garrido M, Retamal IN. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a bridge between oral health and immune evasion in gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1403089. [PMID: 38807771 PMCID: PMC11130407 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1403089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a gram-negative oral pathogen associated with chronic periodontitis. Previous studies have linked poor oral health and periodontitis with oral cancer. Severe cases of periodontal disease can result in advanced periodontitis, leading to tissue degradation, tooth loss, and may also correlate with higher gastric cancer (GC) risk. In fact, tooth loss is associated with an elevated risk of cancer. However, the clinical evidence for this association remains inconclusive. Periodontitis is also characterized by chronic inflammation and upregulation of members of the Programmed Death 1/PD1 Ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) axis that leads to an immunosuppressive state. Given that chronic inflammation and immunosuppression are conditions that facilitate cancer progression and carcinogenesis, we hypothesize that oral P. gingivalis and/or its virulence factors serve as a mechanistic link between oral health and gastric carcinogenesis/GC progression. We also discuss the potential impact of P. gingivalis' virulence factors (gingipains, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and fimbriae) on inflammation and the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in GC which are part of the current standard of care for advanced stage patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Muñoz-Medel
- Precision Oncology Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio P. Pinto
- Support Team for Oncological Research and Medicine (STORM), Santiago, Chile
| | - Lauren Goralsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mónica Cáceres
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Patricio Manque
- Precision Oncology Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Pinto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Benjamin Garcia-Bloj
- Precision Oncology Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomas de Mayo
- Precision Oncology Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan A. Godoy
- Precision Oncology Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Garrido
- Precision Oncology Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio N. Retamal
- Precision Oncology Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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Suresh Kumar Meena Kumari M, Liu P, Jump K, Morales Y, Miller EA, Shecter I, Stadecker MJ, Kalantari P. NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes exacerbate the pathogenic Th17 cell response to eggs of the helminth Schistosoma mansoni. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.11.584371. [PMID: 38559160 PMCID: PMC10979858 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.11.584371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Infection with the helminth Schistosoma mansoni can cause exacerbated morbidity and mortality via a pathogenic host CD4 T cell-mediated immune response directed against parasite egg antigens, with T helper (Th) 17 cells playing a major role in the development of severe granulomatous hepatic immunopathology. The role of inflammasomes in intensifying disease has been reported; however, neither the types of caspases and inflammasomes involved, nor their impact on the Th17 response are known. Here we show that enhanced egg-induced IL-1β secretion and pyroptotic cell death required both caspase-1 and caspase-8 as well as NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome activation. Schistosome genomic DNA activated AIM2, whereas reactive oxygen species, potassium efflux and cathepsin B, were the major activators of NLRP3. NLRP3 and AIM2 deficiency led to a significant reduction in pathogenic Th17 responses, suggesting their crucial and non-redundant role in promoting inflammation. Additionally, we show that NLRP3- and AIM2-induced IL-1β suppressed IL-4 and protective Type I IFN (IFN-I) production, which further enhanced inflammation. IFN-I signaling also curbed inflammasome- mediated IL-1β production suggesting that these two antagonistic pathways shape the severity of disease. Lastly, Gasdermin D (Gsdmd) deficiency resulted in a marked decrease in egg-induced granulomatous inflammation. Our findings establish NLRP3/AIM2-Gsdmd axis as a central inducer of pathogenic Th17 responses which is counteracted by IFN-I pathway in schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusoodhanan Suresh Kumar Meena Kumari
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Pengyu Liu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kaile Jump
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yoelkys Morales
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emily A Miller
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ilana Shecter
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Miguel J. Stadecker
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Parisa Kalantari
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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7
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Chung YR, Awakoaiye B, Dangi T, Fourati S, Penaloza-MacMaster P. Replication-attenuated r3LCMV vectors potentiate tumor control via IFN-I. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.08.570847. [PMID: 38106001 PMCID: PMC10723415 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.08.570847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Viral vectors are being used for the treatment of cancer. Yet their efficacy varies among tumors and their use poses challenges in immunosuppressed patients, underscoring the need for alternatives. We report striking antitumoral effects by a nonlytic viral vector based on attenuated lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (r3LCMV). We show in multiple tumor models that injection of tumor-bearing mice with this novel vector results in improved tumor control and survival. Importantly, r3LCMV also improved tumor control in immunodeficient Rag1-/- mice. Single cell RNA-Seq analyses, antibody blockade experiments, and KO models revealed a critical role for host IFN-I in the antitumoral efficacy of r3LCMV vectors. Collectively, these data demonstrate potent antitumoral effects by a replication-attenuated LCMV vector and unveil mechanisms underlying its antitumoral efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Rock Chung
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Bakare Awakoaiye
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tanushree Dangi
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Slim Fourati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine and Center for Human Immunobiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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8
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Chung YR, Dangi T, Palacio N, Sanchez S, Penaloza-MacMaster P. Adoptive B cell therapy for chronic viral infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:908707. [PMID: 35958615 PMCID: PMC9361846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell-based therapies have been widely explored for the treatment of cancer and chronic infection, but B cell-based therapies have remained largely unexplored. To study the effect of B cell therapy, we adoptively transferred virus-specific B cells into mice that were chronically infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Adoptive transfer of virus-specific B cells resulted in increase in antibody titers and reduction of viral loads. Importantly, the efficacy of B cell therapy was partly dependent on antibody effector functions, and was improved by co-transferring virus-specific CD4 T cells. These findings provide a proof-of-concept that adoptive B cell therapy can be effective for the treatment of chronic infections, but provision of virus-specific CD4 T cells may be critical for optimal virus neutralization.
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9
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Pan T, Cao G, Tang E, Zhao Y, Penaloza-MacMaster P, Fang Y, Huang J. A single-cell atlas reveals shared and distinct immune responses and metabolism during SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1 infections. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.01.10.475725. [PMID: 35043114 PMCID: PMC8764725 DOI: 10.1101/2022.01.10.475725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1 are RNA viruses that have killed millions of people worldwide. Understanding the similarities and differences between these two infections is critical for understanding disease progression and for developing effective vaccines and therapies, particularly for 38 million HIV-1 + individuals who are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 co-infection. Here, we utilized single-cell transcriptomics to perform a systematic comparison of 94,442 PBMCs from 7 COVID-19 and 9 HIV-1 + patients in an integrated immune atlas, in which 27 different cell types were identified using an accurate consensus single-cell annotation method. While immune cells in both cohorts show shared inflammation and disrupted mitochondrial function, COVID-19 patients exhibit stronger humoral immunity, broader IFN-I signaling, elevated Rho GTPase and mTOR pathway activities, and downregulated mitophagy. Our results elucidate transcriptional signatures associated with COVID-19 and HIV-1 that may reveal insights into fundamental disease biology and potential therapeutic targets to treat these viral infections. HIGHLIGHTS COVID-19 and HIV-1 + patients show disease-specific inflammatory immune signatures COVID-19 patients show more productive humoral responses than HIV-1 + patients SARS-CoV-2 elicits more enriched IFN-I signaling relative to HIV-IDivergent, impaired metabolic programs distinguish SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1 infections.
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10
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Wu CC, Wang YA, Livingston JA, Zhang J, Futreal PA. Prediction of biomarkers and therapeutic combinations for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy using the global gene network association. Nat Commun 2022; 13:42. [PMID: 35013211 PMCID: PMC8748689 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to a lack of response to the anti-PD1 therapy for most cancer patients, we develop a network approach to infer genes, pathways, and potential therapeutic combinations that are associated with tumor response to anti-PD1. Here, our prediction identifies genes and pathways known to be associated with anti-PD1, and is further validated by 6 CRISPR gene sets associated with tumor resistance to cytotoxic T cells and targets of the 36 compounds that have been tested in clinical trials for combination treatments with anti-PD1. Integration of our top prediction and TCGA data identifies hundreds of genes whose expression and genetic alterations that could affect response to anti-PD1 in each TCGA cancer type, and the comparison of these genes across cancer types reveals that the tumor immunoregulation associated with response to anti-PD1 would be tissue-specific. In addition, the integration identifies the gene signature to calculate the MHC I association immunoscore (MIAS) that shows a good correlation with patient response to anti-PD1 for 411 melanoma samples complied from 6 cohorts. Furthermore, mapping drug target data to the top genes in our association prediction identifies inhibitors that could potentially enhance tumor response to anti-PD1, such as inhibitors of the encoded proteins of CDK4, GSK3B, and PTK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chin Wu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Y Alan Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - J Andrew Livingston
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Sanchez S, Palacio N, Dangi T, Ciucci T, Penaloza-MacMaster P. Fractionating a COVID-19 Ad5-vectored vaccine improves virus-specific immunity. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabi8635. [PMID: 34648369 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi8635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sanchez
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nicole Palacio
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tanushree Dangi
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Thomas Ciucci
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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12
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Dangi T, Chung YR, Palacio N, Penaloza-MacMaster P. Interrogating Adaptive Immunity Using LCMV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 130:e99. [PMID: 32940427 DOI: 10.1002/cpim.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this invited article, we explain technical aspects of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) system, providing an update of a prior contribution by Matthias von Herrath and J. Lindsay Whitton. We provide an explanation of the LCMV infection models, highlighting the importance of selecting an appropriate route and viral strain. We also describe how to quantify virus-specific immune responses, followed by an explanation of useful transgenic systems. Specifically, our article will focus on the following protocols. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: LCMV infection routes in mice Support Protocol 1: Preparation of LCMV stocks ASSAYS TO MEASURE LCMV TITERS Support Protocol 2: Plaque assay Support Protocol 3: Immunofluorescence focus assay (IFA) to measure LCMV titer MEASUREMENT OF T CELL AND B CELL RESPONSES TO LCMV INFECTION Basic Protocol 2: Triple tetramer staining for detection of LCMV-specific CD8 T cells Basic Protocol 3: Intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) for detection of LCMV-specific T cells Basic Protocol 4: Enumeration of direct ex vivo LCMV-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC) Basic Protocol 5: Limiting dilution assay (LDA) for detection of LCMV-specific memory B cells Basic Protocol 6: ELISA for quantification of LCMV-specific IgG antibody Support Protocol 4: Preparation of splenic lymphocytes Support Protocol 5: Making BHK21-LCMV lysate Basic Protocol 7: Challenge models TRANSGENIC MODELS Basic Protocol 8: Transfer of P14 cells to interrogate the role of IFN-I on CD8 T cell responses Basic Protocol 9: Comparing the expansion of naïve versus memory CD4 T cells following chronic viral challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Dangi
- Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Young Rock Chung
- Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nicole Palacio
- Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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13
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Li J, Huang HH, Tu B, Zhou MJ, Hu W, Fu YL, Li XY, Yang T, Song JW, Fan X, Jiao YM, Xu RN, Zhang JY, Zhou CB, Yuan JH, Zhen C, Shi M, Wang FS, Zhang C. Reversal of the CD8 + T-Cell Exhaustion Induced by Chronic HIV-1 Infection Through Combined Blockade of the Adenosine and PD-1 Pathways. Front Immunol 2021; 12:687296. [PMID: 34177939 PMCID: PMC8222537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeting immune checkpoints for HIV treatment potentially provides a double benefit resulting from the ability to restore viral-specific CD8+ T-cell functions and enhance HIV production from reservoir cells. Despite promising pre-clinical data, PD-1 blockade alone in HIV-1-infected patients with advanced cancer has shown limited benefits in controlling HIV, suggesting the need for additional targets beyond PD-1. CD39 and PD-1 are highly co-expressed on CD8+ T cells in HIV-1 infection. However, the characteristics of CD39 and PD-1 dual-positive CD8+ T-cell subsets in chronic HIV-1 infection remain poorly understood. Methods This study enrolled 72 HIV-1-infected patients, including 40 treatment naïve and 32 ART patients. A total of 11 healthy individuals were included as controls. Different subsets of CD8+ T cells defined by CD39 and/or PD-1 expression were studied by flow cytometry. The relationships between the frequencies of the different subsets and parameters indicating HIV-1 disease progression were analyzed. Functional (i.e., cytokine secretion, viral inhibition) assays were performed to evaluate the impact of the blockade of adenosine and/or PD-1 signaling on CD8+ T cells. Results The proportions of PD-1+, CD39+, and PD-1+CD39+ CD8+ T cells were significantly increased in treatment naïve patients but were partially lowered in patients on antiretroviral therapy. In treatment naïve patients, the proportions of PD-1+CD39+ CD8+ T cells were negatively correlated with CD4+ T-cell counts and the CD4/CD8 ratio, and were positively correlated with viral load. CD39+CD8+ T cells expressed high levels of the A2A adenosine receptor and were more sensitive to 2-chloroadenosine-mediated functional inhibition than their CD39- counterparts. In vitro, a combination of blocking CD39/adenosine and PD-1 signaling showed a synergic effect in restoring CD8+ T-cell function, as evidenced by enhanced abilities to secrete functional cytokines and to kill autologous reservoir cells. Conclusion In patients with chronic HIV-1 infection there are increased frequencies of PD-1+, CD39+, and PD-1+CD39+ CD8+ T cells. In treatment naïve patients, the frequencies of PD-1+CD39+ CD8+ T cells are negatively correlated with CD4+ T-cell counts and the CD4/CD8 ratio and positively correlated with viral load. Combined blockade of CD39/adenosine and PD-1 signaling in vitro may exert a synergistic effect in restoring CD8+ T-cell function in HIV-1-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Huang Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Tu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Ju Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.,Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Long Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.,Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.,Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Wen Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Bao Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Hong Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
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14
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A Combination of Anti-PD-L1 Treatment and Therapeutic Vaccination Facilitates Improved Retroviral Clearance via Reactivation of Highly Exhausted T Cells. mBio 2021; 12:mBio.02121-20. [PMID: 33531395 PMCID: PMC7858051 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02121-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant efforts, vaccines are not yet available for every infectious pathogen, and the search for a protective approach to prevent the establishment of chronic infections, i.e., with HIV, continues. Immune checkpoint therapies targeting inhibitory receptors, such as PD-1, have shown impressive results against solid tumors. PD-1-targeted therapies have shown modest antiviral effects in preclinical models of chronic viral infection. Thus, novel therapy protocols are necessary to enhance T cell immunity and viral control to overcome T cell dysfunction and immunosuppression. Here, we demonstrate that nanoparticle-based therapeutic vaccination improved PD-1-targeted therapy during chronic infection with Friend retrovirus (FV). Prevention of inhibitory signals by blocking PD-L1 in combination with therapeutic vaccination with nanoparticles containing the microbial compound CpG and a CD8+ T cell Gag epitope peptide synergistically enhanced functional virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses and improved viral clearance. We characterized the CD8+ T cell populations that were affected by this combination therapy, demonstrating that new effector cells were generated and that exhausted CD8+ T cells were reactivated at the same time. While CD8+ T cells with high PD-1 (PD-1hi) expression turned into a large population of granzyme B-expressing CD8+ T cells after combination therapy, CXCR5-expressing follicular cytotoxic CD8+ T cells also expanded to a high degree. Thus, our study describes a very efficient approach to enhance virus control and may help us to understand the mechanisms of combination immunotherapy reactivating CD8+ T cell immunity. A better understanding of CD8+ T cell immunity during combination therapy will be important for developing efficient checkpoint therapies against chronic viral infections and cancer.
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15
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Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), monoclonal antibodies to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, programmed cell death 1 or its ligand PD-L1 are rapidly changing the treatment landscape and prognosis of many cancer types. Following their initial approval in melanoma in 2011, ICIs are now approved in many other cancers. Despite the long-term, durable response that can be noted with ICIs, the majority of patients do not respond to ICIs and some of the initial responders develop relapsed disease during their treatment course. In order to improve the response rate to ICIs, an understanding of the mechanisms of resistance is critical. Given the number of different ways cancers can become resistant to ICIs, patient-rather than population-based strategies to reverse resistance will likely be needed. We review the currently defined mechanisms of resistance to ICIs and discuss possible methods to overcome these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siwen Hu-Lieskovan
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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16
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Palacio N, Dangi T, Chung YR, Wang Y, Loredo-Varela JL, Zhang Z, Penaloza-MacMaster P. Early type I IFN blockade improves the efficacy of viral vaccines. J Exp Med 2020; 217:152035. [PMID: 32820330 PMCID: PMC7953731 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-I) are a major antiviral defense and are critical for the activation of the adaptive immune system. However, early viral clearance by IFN-I could limit antigen availability, which could in turn impinge upon the priming of the adaptive immune system. In this study, we hypothesized that transient IFN-I blockade could increase antigen presentation after acute viral infection. To test this hypothesis, we infected mice with viruses coadministered with a single dose of IFN-I receptor–blocking antibody to induce a short-term blockade of the IFN-I pathway. This resulted in a transient “spike” in antigen levels, followed by rapid antigen clearance. Interestingly, short-term IFN-I blockade after coronavirus, flavivirus, rhabdovirus, or arenavirus infection induced a long-lasting enhancement of immunological memory that conferred improved protection upon subsequent reinfections. Short-term IFN-I blockade also improved the efficacy of viral vaccines. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism by which IFN-I regulate immunological memory and provide insights for rational vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Palacio
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Tanushree Dangi
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Young Rock Chung
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Yidan Wang
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Juan Luis Loredo-Varela
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Zhongyao Zhang
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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17
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Huoxuezhitong capsule ameliorates MIA-induced osteoarthritis of rats through suppressing PI3K/ Akt/ NF-κB pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110471. [PMID: 32768958 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Huoxuezhitong capsule (HXZT, activating blood circulation and relieving pain capsule), has been applied for osteoarthritis since 1974. It consists of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen ex C. H., Boswellia sacra, Borneol, Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker, Pyritum. However, the direct effects of HXZT on osteoarthritis and the underlying mechanisms were poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the analgesia effect of HXZT on MIA-induced osteoarthritis rat and the underlying mechanisms. The analgesia and anti-inflammatory effect of HXZT on osteoarthritis in vivo were tested by the arthritis model rats induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA).. Mechanistic studies confirmed that HXZT could inhibit the activation of NF-κB and down-regulate the mRNA expression of related inflammatory factors in LPS-induced RAW264.7 and ATDC5 cells. Furtherly, in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, HXZT could suppress NF-κB via inhibiting PI3K/Akt pathway. Taken together, HXZT capsule could ameliorate MIA-induced osteoarthritis of rats through suppressing PI3K/ Akt/ NF-κB pathway.
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18
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Gonçalves P, El Daker S, Vasseur F, Serafini N, Lim A, Azogui O, Decaluwe H, Guy-Grand D, Freitas AA, Di Santo JP, Rocha B. Microbiota stimulation generates LCMV-specific memory CD8 + T cells in SPF mice and determines their TCR repertoire during LCMV infection. Mol Immunol 2020; 124:125-141. [PMID: 32563081 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Both mouse and human harbour memory phenotype CD8+ T cells specific for antigens in hosts that have not been previously exposed to these antigens. The origin and the nature of the stimuli responsible for generation of CD44hi CD8+ T cells in specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice remain controversial. It is known that microbiota plays a crucial role in the prevention and resolution of systemic infections by influencing myelopoiesis, regulating dendritic cells, inflammasome activation and promoting the production of type I and II interferons. By contrast, here we suggest that microbiota has a direct effect on generation of memory phenotype CD44hiGP33+CD8+ T cells. In SPF mice, it generates a novel GP33+CD44hiCD8+ T cell sub-population associating the properties of innate and genuine memory cells. These cells are highly enriched in the bone marrow, proliferate rapidly and express immediate effector functions. They dominate the response to LCMV and express particular TCRβ chains. The sequence of these selected TCRβ chains overlaps with that of GP33+CD8+ T cells directly selected by microbiota in the gut epithelium of SPF mice, demonstrating a common selection mechanism in gut and peripheral CD8+ T cell pool. Therefore microbiota has a direct role in priming T cell immunity in SPF mice and in the selection of TCRβ repertoires during systemic infection. We identify a mechanism that primes T cell immunity in SPF mice and may have a major role in colonization resistance and protection from infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gonçalves
- Population Biology Unit, CNRS URA 196, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; INSERM, U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75015, France; Innate Immunity Unit, INSERM, U668, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.
| | - Sary El Daker
- Population Biology Unit, CNRS URA 196, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Florence Vasseur
- INSERM, U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75015, France
| | - Nicolas Serafini
- Innate Immunity Unit, INSERM, U668, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; INSERM U1223, Paris 75015, France
| | | | - Orly Azogui
- INSERM, U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75015, France
| | - Helene Decaluwe
- Population Biology Unit, CNRS URA 196, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Delphine Guy-Grand
- INSERM U1223, Paris 75015, France; Lymphopoiesis Unit, INSERM U668, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Antonio A Freitas
- Population Biology Unit, CNRS URA 196, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - James P Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, INSERM, U668, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; INSERM U1223, Paris 75015, France
| | - Benedita Rocha
- Population Biology Unit, CNRS URA 196, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; INSERM, U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75015, France.
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19
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Mahalingam D, Wilkinson GA, Eng KH, Fields P, Raber P, Moseley JL, Cheetham K, Coffey M, Nuovo G, Kalinski P, Zhang B, Arora SP, Fountzilas C. Pembrolizumab in Combination with the Oncolytic Virus Pelareorep and Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Phase Ib Study. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:71-81. [PMID: 31694832 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pelareorep is an intravenously delivered oncolytic reovirus that can induce a T-cell-inflamed phenotype in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Tumor tissues from patients treated with pelareorep have shown reovirus replication, T-cell infiltration, and upregulation of PD-L1. We hypothesized that pelareorep in combination with pembrolizumab and chemotherapy in patients with PDAC would be safe and effective. PATIENTS AND METHODS A phase Ib single-arm study enrolled patients with PDAC who progressed after first-line treatment. Patients received pelareorep, pembrolizumab, and either 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, or irinotecan until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Study objectives included safety and dose-limiting toxicities, tumor response, evaluation for reovirus replication, and immune analysis in peripheral blood and tumor biopsies. RESULTS Eleven patients were enrolled. Disease control was achieved in three of the 10 efficacy-evaluable patients. One patient achieved partial response for 17.4 months. Two additional patients achieved stable disease, lasting 9 and 4 months, respectively. Treatment was well tolerated, with mostly grade 1 or 2 treatment-related adverse events, including flu-like symptoms. Viral replication was observed in on-treatment tumor biopsies. T-cell receptor sequencing from peripheral blood revealed the creation of new T-cell clones during treatment. High peripheral clonality and changes in the expression of immune genes were observed in patients with clinical benefit. CONCLUSIONS Pelareorep and pembrolizumab added to chemotherapy did not add significant toxicity and showed encouraging efficacy. Further evaluation of pelareorep and anti-PD-1 therapy is ongoing in follow-up studies. This research highlights the potential utility of several pretreatment and on-treatment biomarkers for pelareorep therapy warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devalingam Mahalingam
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. .,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Kevin H Eng
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Paul Fields
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Jennifer L Moseley
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Matt Coffey
- Oncolytics Biotech Inc, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gerard Nuovo
- Ohio State University Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Bin Zhang
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sukeshi Patel Arora
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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20
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Type I interferon signaling, regulation and gene stimulation in chronic virus infection. Semin Immunol 2019; 43:101277. [PMID: 31155227 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type I Interferons (IFN-I) mediate numerous immune interactions during viral infections, from the establishment of an antiviral state to invoking and regulating innate and adaptive immune cells that eliminate infection. While continuous IFN-I signaling plays critical roles in limiting virus replication during both acute and chronic infections, sustained IFN-I signaling also leads to chronic immune activation, inflammation and, consequently, immune exhaustion and dysfunction. Thus, an understanding of the balance between the desirable and deleterious effects of chronic IFN-I signaling will inform our quest for IFN-based therapies for chronic viral infections as well as other chronic diseases, including cancer. As such the factors involved in induction, propagation and regulation of IFN-I signaling, from the initial sensing of viral nucleotides within the cell to regulatory downstream signaling factors and resulting IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) have received significant research attention. This review summarizes recent work on IFN-I signaling in chronic infections, and provides an update on therapeutic approaches being considered to counter such infections.
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