1
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Dadole I, Blaha D, Personnic N. The macrophage-bacterium mismatch in persister formation. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:944-956. [PMID: 38443279 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Many pathogens are hard to eradicate, even in the absence of genetically detectable antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and despite proven antibiotic susceptibility. The fraction of clonal bacteria that temporarily elude effective antibiotic treatments is commonly known as 'antibiotic persisters.' Over the past decade, there has been a growing body of research highlighting the pivotal role played by the cellular host in the development of persisters. In parallel, this research has also sought to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of intracellular antibiotic persisters and has demonstrated a prominent role for the bacterial stress response. However, questions remain regarding the conditions leading to the formation of stress-induced persisters among a clonal population of intracellular bacteria and despite an ostensibly uniform environment. In this opinion, following a brief review of the current state of knowledge regarding intracellular antibiotic persisters, we explore the ways in which macrophage functional heterogeneity and bacterial phenotypic heterogeneity may contribute to the emergence of these persisters. We propose that the degree of mismatch between the macrophage permissiveness and the bacterial preparedness to invade and thrive intracellularly may explain the formation of stress-induced nonreplicating intracellular persisters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Dadole
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Group Persistence and single-cell dynamics of respiratory pathogens, CIRI, Lyon, France
| | - Didier Blaha
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Group Persistence and single-cell dynamics of respiratory pathogens, CIRI, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Personnic
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Group Persistence and single-cell dynamics of respiratory pathogens, CIRI, Lyon, France.
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2
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Iaquinto G, Aufiero VR, Mazzarella G, Lucariello A, Panico L, Melina R, Iaquinto S, De Luca A, Sellitto C. Pathogens in Crohn's Disease: The Role of Adherent Invasive Escherichia coli. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2024; 34:83-99. [PMID: 38305291 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2023050088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
In Crohn's disease (CD), gut dysbiosis is marked by the prevalence of pathogenic bacterial species. Although several microbes have been reported as risk factors or causative agents of CD, it is not yet clear which is the real trigger of the disease. Thirty years ago, a new pathovar of Escherichia coli strain was isolated in the ileal mucosa of CD patients. This strain, called adherent invasive E. coli (AIEC), for its ability to invade the intestinal mucosa, could represent the causative agent of the disease. Several authors studied the mechanisms by which the AIEC penetrate and replicate within macrophages, and release inflammatory cytokines sustaining inflammation. In this review we will discuss about the role of AIEC in the pathogenesis of CD, the virulence factors mediating adhesion and invasion of AIEC in mucosal tissue, the environmental conditions improving AIEC survival and replication within macrophages. Finally, we will also give an overview of the new strategies developed to limit AIEC overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Iaquinto
- Gastroenterology Division, S. Rita Hospital, Atripalda, Avellino, Italy
| | - Vera Rotondi Aufiero
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy and Department of Translational Medical Science and E.L.F.I.D, University "Federico II" Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzarella
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy and Department of Translational Medical Science and E.L.F.I.D, University "Federico II" Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Lucariello
- Department of Sport Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope," 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Panico
- Pathological Anatomy and Histology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Melina
- Department of Gastroenterology, San G. Moscati Hospital, Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Antonio De Luca
- Department of Mental Health and Physics, Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
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3
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Zhang R, Wang Y. EvgS/EvgA, the unorthodox two-component system regulating bacterial multiple resistance. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0157723. [PMID: 38019025 PMCID: PMC10734491 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01577-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE EvgS/EvgA, one of the five unorthodox two-component systems in Escherichia coli, plays an essential role in adjusting bacterial behaviors to adapt to the changing environment. Multiple resistance regulated by EvgS/EvgA endows bacteria to survive in adverse conditions such as acidic pH, multidrug, and heat. In this minireview, we summarize the specific structures and regulation mechanisms of EvgS/EvgA and its multiple resistance. By discussing several unresolved issues and proposing our speculations, this review will be helpful and enlightening for future directions about EvgS/EvgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Zhang
- MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Wang
- MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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4
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Zangara MT, Darwish L, Coombes BK. Characterizing the Pathogenic Potential of Crohn's Disease-Associated Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli. EcoSal Plus 2023; 11:eesp00182022. [PMID: 37220071 PMCID: PMC10729932 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0018-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome of Crohn's disease (CD) patients is composed of a microbial community that is considered dysbiotic and proinflammatory in nature. The overrepresentation of Enterobacteriaceae species is a common feature of the CD microbiome, and much attention has been given to understanding the pathogenic role this feature plays in disease activity. Over 2 decades ago, a new Escherichia coli subtype called adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) was isolated and linked to ileal Crohn's disease. Since the isolation of the first AIEC strain, additional AIEC strains have been isolated from both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and non-IBD individuals using the original in vitro phenotypic characterization methods. Identification of a definitive molecular marker of the AIEC pathotype has been elusive; however, significant advancements have been made in understanding the genetic, metabolic, and virulence determinants of AIEC infection biology. Here, we review the current knowledge of AIEC pathogenesis to provide additional, objective measures that could be considered in defining AIEC and their pathogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan T. Zangara
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lena Darwish
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian K. Coombes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Bollen C, Louwagie E, Verstraeten N, Michiels J, Ruelens P. Environmental, mechanistic and evolutionary landscape of antibiotic persistence. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57309. [PMID: 37395716 PMCID: PMC10398667 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recalcitrant infections pose a serious challenge by prolonging antibiotic therapies and contributing to the spread of antibiotic resistance, thereby threatening the successful treatment of bacterial infections. One potential contributing factor in persistent infections is antibiotic persistence, which involves the survival of transiently tolerant subpopulations of bacteria. This review summarizes the current understanding of antibiotic persistence, including its clinical significance and the environmental and evolutionary factors at play. Additionally, we discuss the emerging concept of persister regrowth and potential strategies to combat persister cells. Recent advances highlight the multifaceted nature of persistence, which is controlled by deterministic and stochastic elements and shaped by genetic and environmental factors. To translate in vitro findings to in vivo settings, it is crucial to include the heterogeneity and complexity of bacterial populations in natural environments. As researchers continue to gain a more holistic understanding of this phenomenon and develop effective treatments for persistent bacterial infections, the study of antibiotic persistence is likely to become increasingly complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celien Bollen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant GeneticsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIBLeuvenBelgium
| | - Elen Louwagie
- Centre of Microbial and Plant GeneticsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIBLeuvenBelgium
| | - Natalie Verstraeten
- Centre of Microbial and Plant GeneticsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIBLeuvenBelgium
| | - Jan Michiels
- Centre of Microbial and Plant GeneticsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIBLeuvenBelgium
| | - Philip Ruelens
- Centre of Microbial and Plant GeneticsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIBLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Socioecology and Social EvolutionKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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6
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Ronneau S, Michaux C, Helaine S. Decline in nitrosative stress drives antibiotic persister regrowth during infection. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:993-1006.e6. [PMID: 37236190 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Internalization of pathogenic bacteria by macrophages results in formation of antibiotic-tolerant persisters. These cells are maintained in a non-growing state for extended periods of time, and it is assumed that their growth resumption causes infection relapse after cessation of antibiotic treatment. Despite this clinical relevance, the signals and conditions that drive persister regrowth during infection are not yet understood. Here, we found that after persister formation in macrophages, host reactive nitrogen species (RNS) produced in response to Salmonella infection lock persisters in growth arrest by intoxicating their TCA cycle, lowering cellular respiration and ATP production. Intracellular persisters resume growth when macrophage RNS production subsides and functionality of their TCA cycle is regained. Persister growth resumption within macrophages is slow and heterogeneous, dramatically extending the time the persister reservoir feeds infection relapse. Using an inhibitor of RNS production, we can force recalcitrant bacteria to regrow during antibiotic treatment, thereby facilitating their eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverin Ronneau
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charlotte Michaux
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sophie Helaine
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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7
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Sha S, Zeng H, Gao H, Shi H, Quan X, Chen F, Liu M, Xu B, Liu X. Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli LF82 aggravated intestinal inflammation in colitis mice by affecting the gut microbiota and Th17/Treg cell differentiation balance. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:218. [PMID: 37145326 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The imbalance of Th17 and Treg cell differentiation, intestinal flora imbalance, and intestinal mucosal barrier damage may be important links in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) since Th17 and Treg differentiation are affected by the intestinal flora. This study aimed to explore the effect of Escherichia coli (E. coli) LF82 on the differentiation of Th17 and Treg cells and the role of the intestinal flora in mouse colitis. The effects of E. coli LF82 infection on intestinal inflammation were evaluated by analyzing the disease activity index, histology, myeloperoxidase activity, FITC-D fluorescence value, and claudin-1 and ZO-1 expression. The effects of E. coli LF82 on the Th17/Treg balance and intestinal flora were analyzed by flow cytometry and 16S rDNA sequencing. Inflammatory markers, changes in the intestinal flora, and Th17/Treg cells were then detected after transplanting fecal bacteria from normal mice into colitis mice infected by E. coli LF82. We found that E. coli LF82 infection can aggravate the intestinal inflammation of mice colitis, destroy their intestinal mucosal barrier, increase intestinal mucosal permeability, and aggravate the imbalance of Th17/Treg differentiation and the disorder of intestinal flora. After improving the intestinal flora imbalance by fecal bacteria transplantation, intestinal inflammation and intestinal mucosal barrier damage were reduced, and the differentiation balance of Th17 and Treg cells was restored. This study showed that E. coli LF82 infection aggravates intestinal inflammation and intestinal mucosal barrier damage in colitis by affecting the intestinal flora composition and indirectly regulating the Th17 and Treg cell differentiation balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Clinical Research Center of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Clinical Research Center of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijun Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, No. 988 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, Jiaozuo, Henan Province, 454000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Clinical Research Center of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Clinical Research Center of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenrong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Clinical Research Center of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Clinical Research Center of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Chenggong Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University (Central Hospital of the 73th Chinese People's Liberation Army), Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Clinical Research Center of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Personnic N, Doublet P, Jarraud S. Intracellular persister: A stealth agent recalcitrant to antibiotics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1141868. [PMID: 37065203 PMCID: PMC10102521 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1141868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The bulk of bacteria transiently evading appropriate antibiotic regimes and recovered from non-resolutive infections are commonly refer to as persisters. In this mini-review, we discuss how antibiotic persisters stem from the interplay between the pathogen and the cellular defenses mechanisms and its underlying heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Personnic
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CNRS UMR 5308, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Group Persistence and Single-Cell Dynamics of Respiratory Pathogens, Lyon, France
- *Correspondence: Nicolas Personnic,
| | - Patricia Doublet
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CNRS UMR 5308, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Group Legionella Pathogenesis, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Jarraud
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CNRS UMR 5308, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Group Legionella Pathogenesis, Lyon, France
- National Reference Centre for Legionella, Institute of Infectious Agents, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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9
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Fanelli G, Pasqua M, Prosseda G, Grossi M, Colonna B. AcrAB efflux pump impacts on the survival of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli strain LF82 inside macrophages. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2692. [PMID: 36792672 PMCID: PMC9931695 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29817-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The tripartite complex AcrAB-TolC is the major RND pump in Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae. It consists of the AcrB transporter, which is embedded in the inner membrane, the AcrA adapter located in the periplasm, and the channel protein TolC responsible for the transport of substrates towards the extracellular environment. Besides conferring resistance to many classes of antibiotics, AcrAB plays a role in the pathogenesis and virulence of several bacterial pathogens. Here we report that the AcrAB pump heavily affects the infection process of the LF82 strain, the prototype of Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) which are highly abundant in the ileal mucosa of Chron disease patients. We found that the deletion of genes encoding AcrA and/or AcrB leads to decreased survival of LF82 within macrophages. Ectopic AcrAB expression in a acrAB defective mutant restores the wild type condition. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inhibition of AcrB and replacement of the transporter with an unfunctional AcrB also interfere with bacterial viability inside macrophages. Overall, these data suggest a pivotal role of the AcrAB efflux pump in bacteria-host cell interactions also in AIEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fanelli
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Pasqua
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Prosseda
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Milena Grossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
| | - Bianca Colonna
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
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10
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Misson P, Bruder E, Cornuault JK, De Paepe M, Nicolas P, Demarre G, Lakisic G, Petit MA, Espeli O, Lecointe F. Phage production is blocked in the adherent-invasive Escherichia coli LF82 upon macrophage infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011127. [PMID: 36730457 PMCID: PMC9928086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) strains are frequently recovered from stools of patients with dysbiotic microbiota. They have remarkable properties of adherence to the intestinal epithelium, and survive better than other E. coli in macrophages. The best studied of these AIEC is probably strain LF82, which was isolated from a Crohn's disease patient. This strain contains five complete prophages, which have not been studied until now. We undertook their analysis, both in vitro and inside macrophages, and show that all of them form virions. The Gally prophage is by far the most active, generating spontaneously over 108 viral particles per mL of culture supernatants in vitro, more than 100-fold higher than the other phages. Gally is also over-induced after a genotoxic stress generated by ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim. However, upon macrophage infection, a genotoxic environment, this over-induction is not observed. Analysis of the transcriptome and key steps of its lytic cycle in macrophages suggests that the excision of the Gally prophage continues to be repressed in macrophages. We conclude that strain LF82 has evolved an efficient way to block the lytic cycle of its most active prophage upon macrophage infection, which may participate to its good survival in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Misson
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Emma Bruder
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Jeffrey K. Cornuault
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marianne De Paepe
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pierre Nicolas
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MaIAGE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gaëlle Demarre
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Goran Lakisic
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Petit
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Olivier Espeli
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - François Lecointe
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail:
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11
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Mansour S, Asrar T, Elhenawy W. The multifaceted virulence of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2172669. [PMID: 36740845 PMCID: PMC9904308 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2172669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The surge in inflammatory bowel diseases, like Crohn's disease (CD), is alarming. While the role of the gut microbiome in CD development is unresolved, the frequent isolation of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) strains from patient biopsies, together with their propensity to trigger gut inflammation, underpin the potential role of these bacteria as disease modifiers. In this review, we explore the spectrum of AIEC pathogenesis, including their metabolic versatility in the gut. We describe how AIEC strains hijack the host defense mechanisms to evade immune attrition and promote inflammation. Furthermore, we highlight the key traits that differentiate AIEC from commensal E. coli. Deciphering the main components of AIEC virulence is cardinal to the discovery of the next generation of antimicrobials that can selectively eradicate CD-associated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mansour
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Tahreem Asrar
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Wael Elhenawy
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Antimicrobial Resistance, One Health Consortium - Edmonton, AB, Canada
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12
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Streptococcus agalactiae npx Is Required for Survival in Human Placental Macrophages and Full Virulence in a Model of Ascending Vaginal Infection during Pregnancy. mBio 2022; 13:e0287022. [PMID: 36409087 PMCID: PMC9765263 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02870-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a Gram-positive encapsulated bacterium that colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of 30 to 50% of humans. GBS causes invasive infection during pregnancy that can lead to chorioamnionitis, funisitis, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM), preterm birth, neonatal sepsis, and maternal and fetal demise. Upon infecting the host, GBS encounters sentinel innate immune cells, such as macrophages, within reproductive tissues. Once phagocytosed by macrophages, GBS upregulates the expression of the gene npx, which encodes an NADH peroxidase. GBS mutants with an npx deletion (Δnpx) are exquisitely sensitive to reactive oxygen stress. Furthermore, we have shown that npx is required for GBS survival in both THP-1 and placental macrophages. In an in vivo murine model of ascending GBS vaginal infection during pregnancy, npx is required for invading reproductive tissues and is critical for inducing disease progression, including PPROM and preterm birth. Reproductive tissue cytokine production was also significantly diminished in Δnpx mutant-infected animals compared to that in animals infected with wild-type (WT) GBS. Complementation in trans reversed this phenotype, indicating that npx is critical for GBS survival and the initiation of proinflammatory signaling in the gravid host. IMPORTANCE This study sheds new light on the way that group B Streptococcus (GBS) defends itself against oxidative stress in the infected host. The enzyme encoded by the GBS gene npx is an NADH peroxidase that, our study reveals, provides defense against macrophage-derived reactive oxygen stress and facilitates infections of the uterus during pregnancy. This enzyme could represent a tractable target for future treatment strategies against invasive GBS infections.
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13
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Bruder E, Espéli O. Escherichia coli bacteria associated with Crohn's disease persist within phagolysosomes. Curr Opin Microbiol 2022; 70:102206. [PMID: 36182819 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by an imbalance of intestinal microbiota and a colonization of subepithelial tissues by pathogen and pathobiont bacteria. Adherent invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) strains recovered from CD lesions survive and multiply within macrophages. Persistence is one of the mechanisms deployed by AIEC to tolerate macrophages' attack. The challenging intracellular environment induces a heterogeneity in AIEC LF82 phenotype, including the presence of nongrowing bacteria. This could provide a reservoir for antibiotic-tolerant bacteria responsible for relapsing infections. In this article, we review the conditions leading to AIEC persistence, the relevance of this state for bacterial survival and disease's etiology, and its implication for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bruder
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, University PSL, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Espéli
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, University PSL, Paris, France.
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14
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Zheng L, Duan SL, Dai YC, Wu SC. Role of adherent invasive Escherichia coli in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:11671-11689. [PMID: 36405271 PMCID: PMC9669839 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i32.11671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota imbalances play an important role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but no single pathogenic microorganism critical to IBD that is specific to the IBD terminal ileum mucosa or can invade intestinal epithelial cells has been found. Invasive Escherichia coli (E. coli) adhesion to macrophages is considered to be closely related to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Further study of the specific biological characteristics of adherent invasive E. coli (AIEC) may contribute to a further understanding of IBD pathogenesis. This review explores the relationship between AIEC and the intestinal immune system, discusses the prevalence and relevance of AIEC in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients, and describes the relationship between AIEC and the disease site, activity, and postoperative recurrence. Finally, we highlight potential therapeutic strategies to attenuate AIEC colonization in the intestinal mucosa, including the use of phage therapy, antibiotics, and anti-adhesion molecules. These strategies may open up new avenues for the prevention and treatment of IBD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 322000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sheng-Lei Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 322000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Shi-Cheng Wu
- Department of Proctology, Gansu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
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15
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Roles of Two-Component Signal Transduction Systems in Shigella Virulence. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091321. [PMID: 36139160 PMCID: PMC9496106 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-component signal transduction systems (TCSs) are widespread types of protein machinery, typically consisting of a histidine kinase membrane sensor and a cytoplasmic transcriptional regulator that can sense and respond to environmental signals. TCSs are responsible for modulating genes involved in a multitude of bacterial functions, including cell division, motility, differentiation, biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and virulence. Pathogenic bacteria exploit the capabilities of TCSs to reprogram gene expression according to the different niches they encounter during host infection. This review focuses on the role of TCSs in regulating the virulence phenotype of Shigella, an intracellular pathogen responsible for severe human enteric syndrome. The pathogenicity of Shigella is the result of the complex action of a wide number of virulence determinants located on the chromosome and on a large virulence plasmid. In particular, we will discuss how five TCSs, EnvZ/OmpR, CpxA/CpxR, ArcB/ArcA, PhoQ/PhoP, and EvgS/EvgA, contribute to linking environmental stimuli to the expression of genes related to virulence and fitness within the host. Considering the relevance of TCSs in the expression of virulence in pathogenic bacteria, the identification of drugs that inhibit TCS function may represent a promising approach to combat bacterial infections.
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16
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Korir ML, Doster RS, Lu J, Guevara MA, Spicer SK, Moore RE, Francis JD, Rogers LM, Haley KP, Blackman A, Noble KN, Eastman AJ, Williams JA, Damo SM, Boyd KL, Townsend SD, Henrique Serezani C, Aronoff DM, Manning SD, Gaddy JA. Streptococcus agalactiae cadD alleviates metal stress and promotes intracellular survival in macrophages and ascending infection during pregnancy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5392. [PMID: 36104331 PMCID: PMC9474517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal infection with Streptococcus agalactiae, or Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is associated with preterm birth, neonatal sepsis, and stillbirth. Here, we study the interactions of GBS with macrophages, essential sentinel immune cells that defend the gravid reproductive tract. Transcriptional analyses of GBS-macrophage co-cultures reveal enhanced expression of a gene encoding a putative metal resistance determinant, cadD. Deletion of cadD reduces GBS survival in macrophages, metal efflux, and resistance to metal toxicity. In a mouse model of ascending infection during pregnancy, the ΔcadD strain displays attenuated bacterial burden, inflammation, and cytokine production in gestational tissues. Furthermore, depletion of host macrophages alters cytokine expression and decreases GBS invasion in a cadD-dependent fashion. Our results indicate that GBS cadD plays an important role in metal detoxification, which promotes immune evasion and bacterial proliferation in the pregnant host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Korir
- Michigan State University, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Aurora University, Department of Biology, Aurora, IL, USA
| | - Ryan S Doster
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jacky Lu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Miriam A Guevara
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sabrina K Spicer
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca E Moore
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jamisha D Francis
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lisa M Rogers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kathryn P Haley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, USA
| | - Amondrea Blackman
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kristen N Noble
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alison J Eastman
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Janice A Williams
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Steven M Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - C Henrique Serezani
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David M Aronoff
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shannon D Manning
- Michigan State University, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Center for Medicine, Health, and Society, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Nashville, TN, USA.
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17
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Hill PWS, Moldoveanu AL, Sargen M, Ronneau S, Glegola-Madejska I, Beetham C, Fisher RA, Helaine S. The vulnerable versatility of Salmonella antibiotic persisters during infection. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:1757-1773.e10. [PMID: 34731646 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tolerance and persistence are superficially similar phenomena by which bacteria survive bactericidal antibiotics. It is assumed that the same physiology underlies survival of individual tolerant and persistent bacteria. However, by comparing tolerance and persistence during Salmonella Typhimurium infection, we reveal that these two phenomena are underpinned by different bacterial physiologies. Multidrug-tolerant mutant Salmonella enter a near-dormant state protected from immune-mediated genotoxic damages. However, the numerous tolerant cells, optimized for survival, lack the capabilities necessary to initiate infection relapse following antibiotic withdrawal. In contrast, persisters retain an active state. This leaves them vulnerable to accumulation of macrophage-induced dsDNA breaks but concurrently confers the versatility to initiate infection relapse if protected by RecA-mediated DNA repair. Accordingly, recurrent, invasive, non-typhoidal Salmonella clinical isolates display hallmarks of persistence rather than tolerance during antibiotic treatment. Our study highlights the complex trade-off that antibiotic-recalcitrant Salmonella balance to act as a reservoir for infection relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W S Hill
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Ana Laura Moldoveanu
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Molly Sargen
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Séverin Ronneau
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Izabela Glegola-Madejska
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Catrin Beetham
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Robert A Fisher
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sophie Helaine
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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18
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Verstraete L, Van den Bergh B, Verstraeten N, Michiels J. Ecology and evolution of antibiotic persistence. Trends Microbiol 2021; 30:466-479. [PMID: 34753652 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria have at their disposal a battery of strategies to withstand antibiotic stress. Among these, resistance is a well-known mechanism, yet bacteria can also survive antibiotic attack by adopting a tolerant phenotype. In the case of persistence, only a small fraction within an isogenic population switches to this antibiotic-tolerant state. Persistence depends on the ecological niche and the genetic background of the strains involved. Furthermore, it has been shown to be under direct and indirect evolutionary pressure. Persister cells play a role in chronic infections and the development of resistance, and therefore a better understanding of this phenotype could contribute to the development of effective antibacterial therapies. In the current review, we discuss how ecological and evolutionary forces shape persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Verstraete
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Van den Bergh
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Verstraeten
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Michiels
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium.
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19
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Pasqua M, Bonaccorsi di Patti MC, Fanelli G, Utsumi R, Eguchi Y, Trirocco R, Prosseda G, Grossi M, Colonna B. Host - Bacterial Pathogen Communication: The Wily Role of the Multidrug Efflux Pumps of the MFS Family. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:723274. [PMID: 34381818 PMCID: PMC8350985 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.723274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens are able to survive within diverse habitats. The dynamic adaptation to the surroundings depends on their ability to sense environmental variations and to respond in an appropriate manner. This involves, among others, the activation of various cell-to-cell communication strategies. The capability of the bacterial cells to rapidly and co-ordinately set up an interplay with the host cells and/or with other bacteria facilitates their survival in the new niche. Efflux pumps are ubiquitous transmembrane transporters, able to extrude a large set of different molecules. They are strongly implicated in antibiotic resistance since they are able to efficiently expel most of the clinically relevant antibiotics from the bacterial cytoplasm. Besides antibiotic resistance, multidrug efflux pumps take part in several important processes of bacterial cell physiology, including cell to cell communication, and contribute to increase the virulence potential of several bacterial pathogens. Here, we focus on the structural and functional role of multidrug efflux pumps belonging to the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS), the largest family of transporters, highlighting their involvement in the colonization of host cells, in virulence and in biofilm formation. We will offer an overview on how MFS multidrug transporters contribute to bacterial survival, adaptation and pathogenicity through the export of diverse molecules. This will be done by presenting the functions of several relevant MFS multidrug efflux pumps in human life-threatening bacterial pathogens as Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella/E. coli, Acinetobacter baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Pasqua
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Fanelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Ryutaro Utsumi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Eguchi
- Department of Science and Technology on Food Safety, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Japan
| | - Rita Trirocco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Prosseda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Milena Grossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Colonna
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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20
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Prudent V, Demarre G, Vazeille E, Wery M, Quenech'Du N, Ravet A, Dauverd-Girault J, van Dijk E, Bringer MA, Descrimes M, Barnich N, Rimsky S, Morillon A, Espéli O. The Crohn's disease-related bacterial strain LF82 assembles biofilm-like communities to protect itself from phagolysosomal attack. Commun Biol 2021; 4:627. [PMID: 34035436 PMCID: PMC8149705 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Crohn's disease exhibit abnormal colonization of the intestine by adherent invasive E. coli (AIEC). They adhere to epithelial cells, colonize them and survive inside macrophages. It appeared recently that AIEC LF82 adaptation to phagolysosomal stress involves a long lag phase in which many LF82 cells become antibiotic tolerant. Later during infection, they proliferate in vacuoles and form colonies harboring dozens of LF82 bacteria. In the present work, we investigated the mechanism sustaining this phase of growth. We found that intracellular LF82 produced an extrabacterial matrix that acts as a biofilm and controls the formation of LF82 intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs) for several days post infection. We revealed the crucial role played by the pathogenicity island encoding the yersiniabactin iron capture system to form IBCs and for optimal LF82 survival. These results illustrate that AIECs use original strategies to establish their replicative niche within macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Prudent
- CIRB - Collège de France, CNRS-UMR7241, INSERM U1050, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Demarre
- CIRB - Collège de France, CNRS-UMR7241, INSERM U1050, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Vazeille
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte. UMR Inserm/ Université de Clermont -Auvergne U1071, USC INRA 2018, Clermont, Ferrand, France
| | - Maxime Wery
- ncRNA, Epigenetic and Genome Fluidity, Institut Curie, Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR 3244, Paris, France
| | - Nicole Quenech'Du
- CIRB - Collège de France, CNRS-UMR7241, INSERM U1050, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Antinéa Ravet
- CIRB - Collège de France, CNRS-UMR7241, INSERM U1050, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Julie Dauverd-Girault
- CIRB - Collège de France, CNRS-UMR7241, INSERM U1050, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Erwin van Dijk
- Next-Generation Sequencing Service - I2BC, I2BC-CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Bringer
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte. UMR Inserm/ Université de Clermont -Auvergne U1071, USC INRA 2018, Clermont, Ferrand, France
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Marc Descrimes
- ncRNA, Epigenetic and Genome Fluidity, Institut Curie, Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR 3244, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte. UMR Inserm/ Université de Clermont -Auvergne U1071, USC INRA 2018, Clermont, Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvie Rimsky
- CIRB - Collège de France, CNRS-UMR7241, INSERM U1050, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Antonin Morillon
- ncRNA, Epigenetic and Genome Fluidity, Institut Curie, Sorbonne University, CNRS UMR 3244, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Espéli
- CIRB - Collège de France, CNRS-UMR7241, INSERM U1050, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
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21
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Mayorgas A, Dotti I, Martínez-Picola M, Esteller M, Bonet-Rossinyol Q, Ricart E, Salas A, Martínez-Medina M. A Novel Strategy to Study the Invasive Capability of Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli by Using Human Primary Organoid-Derived Epithelial Monolayers. Front Immunol 2021; 12:646906. [PMID: 33854511 PMCID: PMC8039293 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.646906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) has been linked to the pathogenesis of Crohn’s Disease. AIEC’s characteristics, as well as its interaction with the gut immune system and its role in intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, have been extensively studied. Nevertheless, the currently available techniques to investigate the cross-talk between this pathogen and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are based on the infection of immortalized cell lines. Despite their many advantages, cell lines cannot reproduce the conditions in tissues, nor do they reflect interindividual variability or gut location-specific traits. In that sense, the use of human primary cultures, either healthy or diseased, offers a system that can overcome all of these limitations. Here, we developed a new infection model by using freshly isolated human IECs. For the first time, we generated and infected monolayer cultures derived from human colonic organoids to study the mechanisms and effects of AIEC adherence and invasion on primary human epithelial cells. To establish the optimal conditions for AIEC invasion studies in human primary organoid-derived epithelial monolayers, we designed an infection-kinetics study to assess the infection dynamics at different time points, as well as with two multiplicities of infection (MOI). Overall, this method provides a model for the study of host response to AIEC infections, as well as for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in adhesion, invasion and intracellular replication. Therefore, it represents a promising tool for elucidating the cross-talk between AIEC and the intestinal epithelium in healthy and diseased tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Mayorgas
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBER-EHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabella Dotti
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBER-EHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez-Picola
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBER-EHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Esteller
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBER-EHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Queralt Bonet-Rossinyol
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Elena Ricart
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBER-EHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Salas
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBER-EHD, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Bulman CA, Chappell L, Gunderson E, Vogel I, Beerntsen B, Slatko BE, Sullivan W, Sakanari JA. The Eagle effect in the Wolbachia-worm symbiosis. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:118. [PMID: 33627171 PMCID: PMC7905570 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04545-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Onchocerciasis (river blindness) and lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) are two human neglected tropical diseases that cause major disabilities. Mass administration of drugs targeting the microfilarial stage has reduced transmission and eliminated these diseases in several countries but a macrofilaricidal drug that kills or sterilizes the adult worms is critically needed to eradicate the diseases. The causative agents of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis are filarial worms that harbor the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia. Because filarial worms depend on Wolbachia for reproduction and survival, drugs targeting Wolbachia hold great promise as a means to eliminate these diseases. Methods To better understand the relationship between Wolbachia and its worm host, adult Brugia pahangi were exposed to varying concentrations of doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline and rifampicin in vitro and assessed for Wolbachia numbers and worm motility. Worm motility was monitored using the Worminator system, and Wolbachia titers were assessed by qPCR of the single copy gene wsp from Wolbachia and gst from Brugia to calculate IC50s and in time course experiments. Confocal microscopy was also used to quantify Wolbachia located at the distal tip region of worm ovaries to assess the effects of antibiotic treatment in this region of the worm where Wolbachia are transmitted vertically to the microfilarial stage. Results Worms treated with higher concentrations of antibiotics had higher Wolbachia titers, i.e. as antibiotic concentrations increased there was a corresponding increase in Wolbachia titers. As the concentration of antibiotic increased, worms stopped moving and never recovered despite maintaining Wolbachia titers comparable to controls. Thus, worms were rendered moribund by the higher concentrations of antibiotics but Wolbachia persisted suggesting that these antibiotics may act directly on the worms at high concentration. Surprisingly, in contrast to these results, antibiotics given at low concentrations reduced Wolbachia titers. Conclusion Wolbachia in B. pahangi display a counterintuitive dose response known as the “Eagle effect.” This effect in Wolbachia suggests a common underlying mechanism that allows diverse bacterial and fungal species to persist despite exposure to high concentrations of antimicrobial compounds. To our knowledge this is the first report of this phenomenon occurring in an intracellular endosymbiont, Wolbachia, in its filarial host.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Bulman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura Chappell
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Emma Gunderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ian Vogel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brenda Beerntsen
- Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Barton E Slatko
- Molecular Parasitology Division, New England Biolabs Inc, Ipswich, MA, USA
| | - William Sullivan
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Judy A Sakanari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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23
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Ohno M, Hasegawa M, Hayashi A, Caballero-Flores G, Alteri CJ, Lawley TD, Kamada N, Núñez G, Inohara N. Lipopolysaccharide O structure of adherent and invasive Escherichia coli regulates intestinal inflammation via complement C3. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008928. [PMID: 33027280 PMCID: PMC7571687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis associated with intestinal inflammation is characterized by the blooming of particular bacteria such as adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC). However, the precise mechanisms by which AIEC impact on colitis remain largely unknown. Here we show that antibiotic-induced dysbiosis worsened chemically-induced colitis in IL-22-deficient mice, but not in wild-type mice. The increase in intestinal inflammation was associated with the expansion of E. coli strains with genetic and functional features of AIEC. These E. coli isolates exhibited high ability to out compete related bacteria via colicins and resistance to the host complement system in vitro. Mutation of wzy, the lipopolysaccharide O polymerase gene, rendered AIEC more sensitive to the complement system and more susceptible to engulfment and killing by phagocytes while retaining its ability to outcompete related bacteria in vitro. The wzy AIEC mutant showed impaired fitness to colonize the intestine under colitic conditions, but protected mice from chemically-induced colitis. Importantly, the ability of the wzy mutant to protect from colitis was blocked by depletion of complement C3 which was associated with impaired intestinal eradication of AIEC in colitic mice. These studies link surface lipopolysaccharide O-antigen structure to the regulation of colitic activity in commensal AIEC via interactions with the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ohno
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Mizuho Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Atsushi Hayashi
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Central Research Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Gustavo Caballero-Flores
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Alteri
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Trevor D. Lawley
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Naohiro Inohara
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Moldoveanu AL, Rycroft JA, Helaine S. Impact of bacterial persisters on their host. Curr Opin Microbiol 2020; 59:65-71. [PMID: 32866708 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic failure poses a severe threat to global health. There is growing concern that this failure is not solely driven by stable antibiotic resistance but also by a subpopulation of transiently non-growing, antibiotic tolerant bacteria. These 'persisters' have been proposed to seed relapsing infections, an important clinical outcome of treatment failure - although definitive evidence for this direct link remains elusive. Recent advances in the field have revealed the complex nature of intra-host persisters which drive their high adaptability through biosynthetic activity. These features of persisters contribute to evolution of antimicrobial resistance and modulation of host immune responses, despite clinically efficacious treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Moldoveanu
- Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Julian A Rycroft
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Ave Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sophie Helaine
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Ave Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Fanelli G, Pasqua M, Colonna B, Prosseda G, Grossi M. Expression Profile of Multidrug Resistance Efflux Pumps During Intracellular Life of Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Strain LF82. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1935. [PMID: 33013734 PMCID: PMC7462009 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Efflux pumps (EPs) are present in all living cells and represent a large and important group of transmembrane proteins involved in transport processes. In bacteria, multidrug resistance efflux pumps (MDR EPs) confer resistance to antibiotics at different levels and are deeply implicated in the fast and dramatic emergence of antibiotic resistance. Recently, several reports have outlined the great versatility of MDR EPs in exporting a large variety of compounds other than antibiotics, thus promoting bacterial adaptation to a wide range of habitats. In several bacterial pathogens, MDR EPs contribute to increase the virulence potential and are directly involved in the crosstalk with host cells. In this work, we have investigated the possible role of MDR EPs in the infectious process of the adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC), a group of pathogenic E. coli that colonize the ileal mucosa of Crohn disease (CD) patients causing a strong intestinal inflammation. The results we have obtained indicate that, with the exception of mdtM, all MDR-EPs encoding genes present in E.coli K12 are conserved in the AIEC prototype strain LF82. The analysis of MDR EP expression during LF82 infection of macrophages and epithelial cells reveals that their transcription is highly modulated during the bacterial intracellular life. Notably, some EP genes are regulated in a cell-type specific manner, strongly suggesting that their function is required for LF82 successful infection. AIEC are able to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells and, importantly, to survive and multiply within macrophages. Thus, we further investigated the role of EPs specifically induced by macrophage environment. We present evidence indicating that deletion of mdtEF genes, encoding an MDR EP belonging to the resistance nodulation division (RND) family, significantly impairs survival of LF82 in macrophages and that the wild type phenotype can be restored by trans-complementation with functional MdtEF pump. Altogether, our results indicate a strong involvement of MDR EPs in host pathogen interaction also in AIEC and highlight the contribution of MdtEF to the fitness of LF82 in the macrophage environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fanelli
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza-Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Pasqua
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza-Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Colonna
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza-Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Prosseda
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza-Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Milena Grossi
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza-Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Chervy M, Barnich N, Denizot J. Adherent-Invasive E. coli: Update on the Lifestyle of a Troublemaker in Crohn's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3734. [PMID: 32466328 PMCID: PMC7279240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides genetic polymorphisms and environmental factors, the intestinal microbiota is an important factor in the etiology of Crohn's disease (CD). Among microbiota alterations, a particular pathotype of Escherichia coli involved in the pathogenesis of CD abnormally colonizes the intestinal mucosa of patients: the adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) pathobiont bacteria, which have the abilities to adhere to and to invade intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), as well as to survive and replicate within macrophages. AIEC have been the subject of many studies in recent years to unveil some genes linked to AIEC virulence and to understand the impact of AIEC infection on the gut and consequently their involvement in CD. In this review, we describe the lifestyle of AIEC bacteria within the intestine, from the interaction with intestinal epithelial and immune cells with an emphasis on environmental and genetic factors favoring their implantation, to their lifestyle in the intestinal lumen. Finally, we discuss AIEC-targeting strategies such as the use of FimH antagonists, bacteriophages, or antibiotics, which could constitute therapeutic options to prevent and limit AIEC colonization in CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Chervy
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.C.); (N.B.)
- Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Génie Biologique, 63172 Aubière, France
| | - Jérémy Denizot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.C.); (N.B.)
- Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Génie Biologique, 63172 Aubière, France
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Bustamante P, Vidal R. Repertoire and Diversity of Toxin - Antitoxin Systems of Crohn's Disease-Associated Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli. New Insight of T his Emergent E. coli Pathotype. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:807. [PMID: 32477289 PMCID: PMC7232551 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) corresponds to an E. coli pathovar proposed as a possible agent trigger associated to Crohn's disease. It is characterized for its capacity to adhere and to invade epithelial cells, and to survive and replicate inside macrophages. Mechanisms that allow intestinal epithelium colonization, and host factors that favor AIEC persistence have been partly elucidated. However, bacterial factors involved in AIEC persistence are currently unknown. Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are recognized elements involved in bacterial persistence, in addition to have a role in stabilization of mobile genetic elements and stress response. The aim of this study was to elucidate the repertoire and diversity of TA systems in the reference AIEC NRG857c strain and to compare it with AIEC strains whose genomes are available at databases. In addition, toxin expression levels under in vitro stress conditions found by AIEC through the intestine and within the macrophage were measured. Our results revealed that NRG857c encodes at least 33 putative TA systems belonging to types I, II, IV, and V, distributed around all the chromosome, and some in close proximity to genomic islands. A TA toxin repertoire marker of the pathotype was not found and the repertoire of 33 TA toxin genes described here was exclusive of the reference strains, NRG857c and LF82. Most toxin genes were upregulated in the presence of bile salts and acidic pH, as well as within the macrophage. However, different transcriptional responses were detected between reference strains (NRG857c and HM605), recalling the high diversity associated to this pathotype. To our knowledge this is the first analysis of TA systems associated to AIEC and it has revealed new insight associated to this emergent E. coli pathotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Bustamante
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Vidal
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Laumay F, Chaïb A, Linares R, Breyton C. "French Phage Network" Annual Conference-Fifth Meeting Report. Viruses 2020; 12:v12040446. [PMID: 32295276 PMCID: PMC7232257 DOI: 10.3390/v12040446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Attracting about 100 participants, the fifth edition of our French Phages.fr annual conference was once more a success. This year’s conference took place at the Institute for Structural Biology on the European Electron and Photon Campus in Grenoble, 8–9 October 2019. Similar to previous years, our meeting gathered scientists mainly working in France, from academic labs and hospitals as well as from industry. We also had the pleasure of welcoming attendees from different European countries and even beyond. The conference was divided into four sessions: Ecology and Evolution, Phage Therapy and Biotechnology, Structure and Assembly and Phage–Host Interaction, each opened by a keynote lecture. The talks, selected from abstracts, gave the opportunity for young scientists (especially students and post-docs) to present their project and results in a friendly atmosphere. Poster sessions also favoured interactions and discussions between young researchers and more senior scientists. Here, we provide a summary of the topics developed during the conference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Laumay
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Amel Chaïb
- ISVV, EA4577 Œnologie, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, 33140 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Romain Linares
- CNRS, CEA, IBS, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Cécile Breyton
- CNRS, CEA, IBS, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
- Correspondence:
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