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Assaf N, Chamseddine F, Taher A, Mahfouz R. Prevalence of thrombophilia-associated mutations and their clinical significance in a large cohort of Lebanese patients. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Whole grain intake compared with cereal fibre intake in association to CVD risk factors: a cross-sectional analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (UK). Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:1392-1403. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019004221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:To investigate how intakes of whole grains and cereal fibre were associated to risk factors for CVD in UK adults.Design:Cross-sectional analyses examined associations between whole grain and cereal fibre intakes and adiposity measurements, serum lipid concentrations, C-reactive protein, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, HbA1c, homocysteine and a combined CVD relative risk score.Setting:The National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) Rolling Programme 2008–2014.Participants:A nationally representative sample of 2689 adults.Results:Participants in the highest quartile (Q4) of whole grain intake had lower waist–hip ratio (Q1 0·872; Q4 0·857; P = 0·04), HbA1c (Q1 5·66 %; Q4 5·47 %; P = 0·01) and homocysteine (Q1 9·95 µmol/l; Q4 8·76 µmol/l; P = 0·01) compared with participants in the lowest quartile (Q1), after adjusting for dietary and lifestyle factors, including cereal fibre intake. Whole grain intake was inversely associated with C-reactive protein using multivariate analysis (P = 0·02), but this was not significant after final adjustment for cereal fibre. Cereal fibre intake was also inversely associated with waist–hip ratio (P = 0·03) and homocysteine (P = 0·002) in multivariate analysis.Conclusions:Similar inverse associations between whole grain and cereal fibre intakes to CVD risk factors suggest the relevance of cereal fibre in the protective effects of whole grains. However, whole grain associations often remained significant after adjusting for cereal fibre intake, suggesting additional constituents may be relevant. Intervention studies are needed to compare cereal fibre intake from non-whole grain sources to whole grain intake.
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Das JK, Salam RA, Mahmood SB, Moin A, Kumar R, Mukhtar K, Lassi ZS, Bhutta ZA. Food fortification with multiple micronutrients: impact on health outcomes in general population. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 12:CD011400. [PMID: 31849042 PMCID: PMC6917586 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011400.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamins and minerals are essential for growth and maintenance of a healthy body, and have a role in the functioning of almost every organ. Multiple interventions have been designed to improve micronutrient deficiency, and food fortification is one of them. OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of food fortification with multiple micronutrients on health outcomes in the general population, including men, women and children. SEARCH METHODS We searched electronic databases up to 29 August 2018, including the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial (CENTRAL), the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) Group Specialised Register and Cochrane Public Health Specialised Register; MEDLINE; Embase, and 20 other databases, including clinical trial registries. There were no date or language restrictions. We checked reference lists of included studies and relevant systematic reviews for additional papers to be considered for inclusion. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cluster-RCTs, quasi-randomised trials, controlled before-after (CBA) studies and interrupted time series (ITS) studies that assessed the impact of food fortification with multiple micronutrients (MMNs). Primary outcomes included anaemia, micronutrient deficiencies, anthropometric measures, morbidity, all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality. Secondary outcomes included potential adverse outcomes, serum concentration of specific micronutrients, serum haemoglobin levels and neurodevelopmental and cognitive outcomes. We included food fortification studies from both high-income and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened, extracted and quality-appraised the data from eligible studies. We carried out statistical analysis using Review Manager 5 software. We used random-effects meta-analysis for combining data, as the characteristics of study participants and interventions differed significantly. We set out the main findings of the review in 'Summary of findings' tables, using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS We identified 127 studies as relevant through title/abstract screening, and included 43 studies (48 papers) with 19,585 participants (17,878 children) in the review. All the included studies except three compared MMN fortification with placebo/no intervention. Two studies compared MMN fortification versus iodised salt and one study compared MMN fortification versus calcium fortification alone. Thirty-six studies targeted children; 20 studies were conducted in LMICs. Food vehicles used included staple foods, such as rice and flour; dairy products, including milk and yogurt; non-dairy beverages; biscuits; spreads; and salt. Fourteen of the studies were fully commercially funded, 13 had partial-commercial funding, 14 had non-commercial funding and two studies did not specify the source of funding. We rated all the evidence as of low to very low quality due to study limitations, imprecision, high heterogeneity and small sample size. When compared with placebo/no intervention, MMN fortification may reduce anaemia by 32% (risk ratio (RR) 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56 to 0.84; 11 studies, 3746 participants; low-quality evidence), iron deficiency anaemia by 72% (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.39; 6 studies, 2189 participants; low-quality evidence), iron deficiency by 56% (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.60; 11 studies, 3289 participants; low-quality evidence); vitamin A deficiency by 58% (RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.62; 6 studies, 1482 participants; low-quality evidence), vitamin B2 deficiency by 64% (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.68; 1 study, 296 participants; low-quality evidence), vitamin B6 deficiency by 91% (RR 0.09, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.38; 2 studies, 301 participants; low-quality evidence), vitamin B12 deficiency by 58% (RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.71; 3 studies, 728 participants; low-quality evidence), weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ) (mean difference (MD) 0.1, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.17; 8 studies, 2889 participants; low-quality evidence) and weight-for-height/length z-score (WHZ/WLZ) (MD 0.1, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.18; 6 studies, 1758 participants; low-quality evidence). We are uncertain about the effect of MMN fortification on zinc deficiency (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.08; 5 studies, 1490 participants; low-quality evidence) and height/length-for-age z-score (HAZ/LAZ) (MD 0.09, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.18; 8 studies, 2889 participants; low-quality evidence). Most of the studies in this comparison were conducted in children. Subgroup analyses of funding sources (commercial versus non-commercial) and duration of intervention did not demonstrate any difference in effects, although this was a relatively small number of studies and the possible association between commercial funding and increased effect estimates has been demonstrated in the wider health literature. We could not conduct subgroup analysis by food vehicle and funding; since there were too few studies in each subgroup to draw any meaningful conclusions. When we compared MMNs versus iodised salt, we are uncertain about the effect of MMN fortification on anaemia (R 0.86, 95% CI 0.37 to 2.01; 1 study, 88 participants; very low-quality evidence), iron deficiency anaemia (RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.09 to 1.83; 2 studies, 245 participants; very low-quality evidence), iron deficiency (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.17; 1 study, 88 participants; very low-quality evidence) and vitamin A deficiency (RR 0.19, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.55; 2 studies, 363 participants; very low-quality evidence). Both of the studies were conducted in children. Only one study conducted in children compared MMN fortification versus calcium fortification. None of the primary outcomes were reported in the study. None of the included studies reported on morbidity, adverse events, all-cause or cause-specific mortality. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The evidence from this review suggests that MMN fortification when compared to placebo/no intervention may reduce anaemia, iron deficiency anaemia and micronutrient deficiencies (iron, vitamin A, vitamin B2 and vitamin B6). We are uncertain of the effect of MMN fortification on anthropometric measures (HAZ/LAZ, WAZ and WHZ/WLZ). There are no data to suggest possible adverse effects of MMN fortification, and we could not draw reliable conclusions from various subgroup analyses due to a limited number of studies in each subgroup. We remain cautious about the level of commercial funding in this field, and the possibility that this may be associated with higher effect estimates, although subgroup analysis in this review did not demonstrate any impact of commercial funding. These findings are subject to study limitations, imprecision, high heterogeneity and small sample sizes, and we rated most of the evidence low to very low quality. and hence no concrete conclusions could be drawn from the findings of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai K Das
- Aga Khan University HospitalDivision of Women and Child HealthStadium RoadPO Box 3500KarachiSindPakistan
| | - Rehana A Salam
- Aga Khan University HospitalDivision of Women and Child HealthStadium RoadPO Box 3500KarachiSindPakistan
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia
| | - Salman Bin Mahmood
- Aga Khan University HospitalDepartment of PaediatricsKarachiSindhPakistan
| | - Anoosh Moin
- Aga Khan University HospitalDivision of Women and Child HealthStadium RoadPO Box 3500KarachiSindPakistan
| | - Rohail Kumar
- Aga Khan University HospitalDivision of Women and Child HealthStadium RoadPO Box 3500KarachiSindPakistan
| | - Kashif Mukhtar
- Aga Khan University HospitalDivision of Women and Child HealthStadium RoadPO Box 3500KarachiSindPakistan
| | - Zohra S Lassi
- Aga Khan University HospitalDivision of Women and Child HealthStadium RoadPO Box 3500KarachiSindPakistan
- University of AdelaideRobinson Research InstituteAdelaideAustraliaAustralia
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- The Hospital for Sick ChildrenCentre for Global Child HealthTorontoCanada
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Figueroa-Soto CG, Valenzuela-Soto EM. Glycine betaine rather than acting only as an osmolyte also plays a role as regulator in cellular metabolism. Biochimie 2018; 147:89-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Plasma and Aorta Biochemistry and MMPs Activities in Female Rabbit Fed Methionine Enriched Diet and Their Offspring. J Nutr Metab 2017; 2017:2785142. [PMID: 28133545 PMCID: PMC5241488 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2785142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether a high Met diet influences biochemical parameters, MMPs activities in plasma, and biochemical and histological remodeling in aorta, in both pregnant female rabbits and their offspring. Four female rabbit groups are constituted (each n = 8), nonpregnant control (NPC), pregnant control (PC) that received normal commercial chow, nonpregnant Met (NPMet), and pregnant Met (PMet) that received the same diet supplemented with 0,35% L-methionine (w/w) for 3 months (500 mg/d). All pregnant females realize 3 successive pregnancies. Plasma results showed that Met excess increased Hcy, raised CRP in NPMet and decreased it in PMet, enhanced significantly proMMP-2 and proMMP-9 activities in NPMet, and reduced them in PMet. Aorta showed a rise in collagen level, essentially in PMet, a reduction of elastin content in both PMet and NPMet, and a significant decrease in lipid content in PMet, with histological changes that are more pronounced in NPMet than PMet. Met excess enhanced proMMP-9 activities in NPMet while it decreased them in PMet. PMet newborn presented increase in uremia and CRP and significant rise of active MMP-2 and MMP-9 forms. In aorta, media and adventitia thickness increased, total lipids content decreased, proMMP-9 activity decreased, and proMMP-2 activity increased.
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Díaz-Santiago E, Rodríguez-Caso L, Cárdenas C, Serrano JJ, Quesada AR, Medina MÁ. Homocysteine pre-treatment increases redox capacity in both endothelial and tumor cells. Redox Rep 2016; 22:183-189. [PMID: 27198616 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2016.1183348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied the modulatory effects of homocysteine pre-treatment on the disulfide reduction capacity of tumor and endothelial cells. METHODS Human MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma and bovine aorta endothelial cells were pre-treated for 1-24 hours with 0.5-5 mM homocysteine or homocysteine thiolactone. After washing to eliminate any rest of homocysteine or homocysteine thiolactone, cell redox capacity was determined by using a method for measuring disulfide reduction. RESULTS Homocysteine pre-treatments for 1-4 hours at a concentration of 0.5-5 mM increase the disulfide reduction capacity of both tumor and endothelial cells. This effect cannot be fully mimicked by either cysteine or homocysteine thiolactone pre-treatments of tumor cells. DISCUSSION Taken together, our data suggest that homocysteine can behave as an anti-oxidant agent by increasing the anti-oxidant capacity of tumor and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Díaz-Santiago
- a Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica , Facultad de Ciencias, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), Universidad de Málaga , Andalucía Tech , Spain
| | - Luis Rodríguez-Caso
- a Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica , Facultad de Ciencias, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), Universidad de Málaga , Andalucía Tech , Spain
| | - Casimiro Cárdenas
- a Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica , Facultad de Ciencias, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), Universidad de Málaga , Andalucía Tech , Spain.,b Research Support Central Services (SCAI) of the University of Málaga , Spain
| | - José J Serrano
- a Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica , Facultad de Ciencias, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), Universidad de Málaga , Andalucía Tech , Spain
| | - Ana R Quesada
- a Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica , Facultad de Ciencias, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), Universidad de Málaga , Andalucía Tech , Spain.,c CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) , E-29071 Málaga , Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- a Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica , Facultad de Ciencias, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), Universidad de Málaga , Andalucía Tech , Spain.,c CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) , E-29071 Málaga , Spain
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Zanin RF, Bergamin LS, Morrone FB, Coutinho-Silva R, de Souza Wyse AT, Battastini AMO. Pathological concentrations of homocysteine increases IL-1β production in macrophages in a P2X7, NF-ĸB, and erk-dependent manner. Purinergic Signal 2015; 11:463-70. [PMID: 26265456 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-015-9464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy) are associated with the development of coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral vascular disease, and atherosclerosis. Hyperhomocysteinemia is likely related to the enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of Hcy in immune cells are not completely understood. Recent studies have established a link between macrophage accumulation, cytokine IL-1β, and the advance of vascular diseases. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of Hcy on IL-1β secretion by murine macrophages. Hcy (100 μM) increases IL-1β synthesis via enhancement of P2X7 expression and NF-ĸB and ERK activation in murine macrophages. In addition, the antioxidant agent N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduces NF-κB activation, ERK phosphorylation, and IL-1β production in Hcy-exposed macrophages, indicating the importance of ROS in this pro-inflammatory process. In summary, our results show that Hcy may be involved in the synthesis and secretion of IL-1β via NF-ĸB, ERK, and P2X7 stimulation in murine macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Fernandes Zanin
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, 2600-anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Faculdades de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular e Instituto de Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Mestrado em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano do Unilasalle, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Scussel Bergamin
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, 2600-anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bueno Morrone
- Faculdades de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular e Instituto de Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Angela Terezinha de Souza Wyse
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, 2600-anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Oliveira Battastini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, 2600-anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Jung S, Je Y, Giovannucci EL, Rosner B, Ogino S, Cho E. Derivation and validation of homocysteine score in u.s. Men and women. J Nutr 2015; 145:96-104. [PMID: 25527664 PMCID: PMC4264025 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.192716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-carbon metabolism, which is crucial in DNA synthesis and genomic stability, is an interrelated network of biochemical reactions involved in several dietary and lifestyle factors. The development of the homocysteine score using these factors may be useful to reflect the status of one-carbon metabolism in large epidemiologic studies without biologic samples to measure homocysteine directly. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop an homocysteine score that reflects one-carbon metabolism better than individual dietary or lifestyle factors. METHODS We divided 2023 participants with measured plasma total homocysteine data in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study into training (n = 1619) and testing (n = 404) subsets. Using multivariable linear regression, we selected lifestyle determinants of plasma homocysteine in the training set and derived the homocysteine score weighted by the β coefficient for each predictor. The validation of the homocysteine score was assessed using the plasma homocysteine in the independent samples of the training set. RESULTS In the training set, smoking, multivitamin use, and caffeine, alcohol, and dietary and supplemental folate intake were significant independent determinants of plasma homocysteine in multivariable linear regression (P ≤ 0.01) and were included in the derivation of the homocysteine score. The Pearson correlation of the homocysteine score with plasma homocysteine was 0.30 in the testing subset (P < 0.001). The homocysteine score was positively associated with the plasma homocysteine concentration in the testing subset and in an independent population of women; the mean difference of plasma homocysteine concentration between the extreme quintiles of homocysteine score ranged from 0.83 μmol/L to 1.52 μmol/L. Population misclassification either from the lowest quintile of plasma homocysteine into the highest quintile of the homocysteine score or from the highest quintile of plasma homocysteine into the lowest quintile of the homocysteine score was ≤12%. CONCLUSION These data indicate that the homocysteine score may be used with relatively inexpensive and simple questionnaires to rank an individual's one-carbon metabolism status when homocysteine data are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyoun Jung
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Youjin Je
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Epidemiology, and,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
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Lever M, George PM, Slow S, Bellamy D, Young JM, Ho M, McEntyre CJ, Elmslie JL, Atkinson W, Molyneux SL, Troughton RW, Frampton CM, Richards AM, Chambers ST. Betaine and Trimethylamine-N-Oxide as Predictors of Cardiovascular Outcomes Show Different Patterns in Diabetes Mellitus: An Observational Study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114969. [PMID: 25493436 PMCID: PMC4262445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Betaine is a major osmolyte, also important in methyl group metabolism. Concentrations of betaine, its metabolite dimethylglycine and analog trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in blood are cardiovascular risk markers. Diabetes disturbs betaine: does diabetes alter associations between betaine-related measures and cardiovascular risk? METHODS Plasma samples were collected from 475 subjects four months after discharge following an acute coronary admission. Death (n = 81), secondary acute MI (n = 87), admission for heart failure (n = 85), unstable angina (n = 72) and all cardiovascular events (n = 283) were recorded (median follow-up: 1804 days). RESULTS High and low metabolite concentrations were defined as top or bottom quintile of the total cohort. In subjects with diabetes (n = 79), high plasma betaine was associated with increased frequencies of events; significantly for heart failure, hazard ratio 3.1 (1.2-8.2) and all cardiovascular events, HR 2.8 (1.4-5.5). In subjects without diabetes (n = 396), low plasma betaine was associated with events; significantly for secondary myocardial infarction, HR 2.1 (1.2-3.6), unstable angina, HR 2.3 (1.3-4.0), and all cardiovascular events, HR 1.4 (1.0-1.9). In diabetes, high TMAO was a marker of all outcomes, HR 2.7 (1.1-7.1) for death, 4.0 (1.6-9.8) for myocardial infarction, 4.6 (2.0-10.7) for heart failure, 9.1 (2.8-29.7) for unstable angina and 2.0 (1.1-3.6) for all cardiovascular events. In subjects without diabetes TMAO was only significant for death, HR 2.7 (1.6-4.8) and heart failure, HR 1.9 (1.1-3.4). Adding the estimated glomerular filtration rate to Cox regression models tended to increase the apparent risks associated with low betaine. CONCLUSIONS Elevated plasma betaine concentration is a marker of cardiovascular risk in diabetes; conversely low plasma betaine concentrations indicate increased risk in the absence of diabetes. We speculate that the difference reflects control of osmolyte retention in tissues. Elevated plasma TMAO is a strong risk marker in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lever
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Peter M. George
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sandy Slow
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - David Bellamy
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Joanna M. Young
- The Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Markus Ho
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Jane L. Elmslie
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Wendy Atkinson
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sarah L. Molyneux
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Richard W. Troughton
- The Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Christopher M. Frampton
- The Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - A. Mark Richards
- The Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Stephen T. Chambers
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Fernane A, Taghlit A, Messili A, Othmani-Mecif K, Benazzoug Y. P064 Hyperhomocystéinémie induite et tissu cardiaque. NUTR CLIN METAB 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0985-0562(13)70396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zanin RF, Bergamin LS, Braganhol E, Sévigny J, de Souza Wyse AT, Battastini AMO. Homocysteine modifies extracellular ATP availability in macrophages. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:2273-8. [PMID: 24055814 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of plasma homocysteine (hyperhomocysteinemia-HHcy) are associated to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral vascular disease and thrombosis. In addition, recent studies have shown that inflammation, probably mediated by macrophages, mediates the pathogenesis associated to high levels of homocysteine (Hcy). In the present study, we evaluated the Hcy effects in the ATP hydrolysis and its breakdown products in murine macrophages. The results showed that micromolar concentrations of Hcy increased the ATP, ADP and AMP hydrolysis. Additionally, our results show decreased inosine levels in the extracellular milieu of Hcy-exposed macrophages. The increasing in ATP, ADP and AMP hydrolysis are not explained by increased transcription or protein expression of NTPDases and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (ecto-5'-NT/CD73) enzymes. Moreover, the formation of reactive oxygen species did not interfere in the Hcy effects, which suggest that Hcy or Hcy metabolites act directly on the modulation of NTPDases and ecto-5'-NT/CD73 activities. In conclusion, Hcy induces the rapid breakdown of ATP, ADP and AMP to adenosine (ADO), which is classically known as an anti-inflammatory response in immune cells. However, by the action of these enzymes, the extracellular adenosine generated during Hcy treatment probably is uptaken into the cells, as evidenced by the decreased in inosine formation, and thus collaborating to the inflammatory complications associates to HHcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Fernandes Zanin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular e Instituto de Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul-PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Das P, Mandal AK, Reddy G U, Baidya M, Ghosh SK, Das A. Designing a thiol specific fluorescent probe for possible use as a reagent for intracellular detection and estimation in blood serum: kinetic analysis to probe the role of intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6604-14. [PMID: 23986325 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41284a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A new and simple chemodosimetric probe L1 is utilized for the selective detection of biothiols in the presence of other relevant amino acids under physiological conditions (pH = 7.4). This eventually led to a turn-off luminescence response due to an effective photoinduced electron transfer based signaling mechanism. A comparison of the results of the fluorescence kinetic analysis and (1)H NMR studies of the reaction between thiol and L1 or the analogous compound L2 revealed the role of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in activating the imine functionality towards nucleophilic addition. Such an example is not common in contemporary literature. Conventional MTT assay studies revealed that this probe (L1) has low cytotoxicity. Results of the cell imaging studies revealed that this probe was cell membrane permeable and could detect the intracellular distribution of biothiols within living HeLa cells. Furthermore, our studies with human blood plasma demonstrated the possibility of using this reagent for the quantitative optical detection of total biothiols in biological fluid. Such an example for the detection of biothiols in real biological samples is rare in the contemporary literature. These results clearly demonstrate the possibility of using this reagent in medicinal biology and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadip Das
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India
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13
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Mahfouz RA, Cortas NK, Charafeddine KM, Abdul Khalik RN, Sarieddine DS, Kadi RH, Daher RT. Correlation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms with homocysteine metabolism in healthy Lebanese adults. Gene 2012; 504:175-80. [PMID: 22652272 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with several vascular and teratogenic conditions. Determinants of total homocysteine concentrations include genetic and nutritional factors. This study assesses the relation between homocysteine concentrations and MTHFR gene polymorphisms at two common alleles (C677T (rs1801133) and A1298C (rs1801131)) as well as other predictors of homocysteine (folate, vitamin B(12), body mass index (BMI), age, and gender) in a group of healthy Lebanese: 109 males and 124 females aged 17-55years. We used serum for the determination of homocysteine, folate and vitamin B(12) levels and blood drawn in EDTA tubes for molecular analysis of MTHFR polymorphisms. Hyperhomocysteinemia was present in 59/233 (25.3%) of the subjects, with male/female ratio of 1.95. Multivariable regression analysis showed that homocysteine levels were negatively related to folate and vitamin B(12) and positively related to male gender and C677T homozygosity; but not A1298C polymorphism, BMI or age. The prevalence of wild, heterozygous, and homozygous C677T genotypes was 45.0%, 43.3% and 11.6%, respectively; with a carrier frequency of 54.9% and allelic frequency of 33.3%. The A1298C genotypic prevalence was 39.5%, 30.9%, and 29.6% respectively; with a carrier frequency of 60.5% and allelic frequency of 45.1%. C677T/A1289C compound heterozygosity was present in 47/233 (20.2%) of volunteers. In this first pilot study, gender, folate, vitamin B(12) and C677T mutational status could explain around 32% of homocysteine variations. Future larger studies are recommended to investigate other predictors of homocysteine variation and combine them with markers explored in this and other studies, in order to evaluate their impact on vascular and/or congenital diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami A Mahfouz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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14
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Lever M, George PM, Atkinson W, Elmslie JL, Slow S, Molyneux SL, Troughton RW, Richards AM, Frampton CM, Chambers ST. The contrasting relationships between betaine and homocysteine in two clinical cohorts are associated with plasma lipids and drug treatments. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32460. [PMID: 22396767 PMCID: PMC3292573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urinary betaine excretion positively correlated with plasma homocysteine in outpatients attending a lipid disorders clinic (lipid clinic study). We aimed to confirm this in subjects with established vascular disease. Methods The correlation between betaine excretion and homocysteine was compared in samples collected from subjects 4 months after hospitalization for an acute coronary episode (ACS study, 415 urine samples) and from 158 sequential patients visiting a lipid disorders clinic. Principal findings In contrast to the lipid clinic study, betaine excretion and plasma homocysteine did not correlate in the total ACS cohort. Differences between the patient groups included age, non-HDL cholesterol and medication. In ACS subjects with below median betaine excretion, excretion correlated (using log transformed data) negatively with plasma homocysteine (r = −0.17, p = 0.019, n = 199), with no correlation in the corresponding subset of the lipid clinic subjects. In ACS subjects with above median betaine excretion a positive trend (r = +0.10) between betaine excretion and homocysteine was not significant; the corresponding correlation in lipid clinic subjects was r = +0.42 (p = 0.0001). In ACS subjects, correlations were stronger when plasma non-HDL cholesterol and betaine excretion were above the median, r = +0.20 (p = 0.045); in subjects above median non-HDL cholesterol and below median betaine excretion, r = −0.26 (p = 0.012). ACS subjects taking diuretics or proton pump inhibitors had stronger correlations, negative with lower betaine excretion and positive with higher betaine excretion. Conclusions Betaine excretion correlates with homocysteine in subjects with elevated blood lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lever
- Canterbury Health Laboratories, Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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15
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Švagera Z, Hanzlíková D, Šimek P, Hušek P. Study of disulfide reduction and alkyl chloroformate derivatization of plasma sulfur amino acids using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 402:2953-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Effect of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR 677C>T) polymorphism on plasma homocysteine concentrations in healthy children is influenced by consumption of folate-fortified foods. Nutrition 2010; 26:969-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Plasma homocysteine—a marker of vascular disease in elderly patients with mental illness. Clin Biochem 2010; 43:1056-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Lever M, Slow S. The clinical significance of betaine, an osmolyte with a key role in methyl group metabolism. Clin Biochem 2010; 43:732-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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19
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Nilsson K, Gustafson L, Nornholm M, Hultberg B. Plasma homocysteine, apolipoprotein E status and vascular disease in elderly patients with mental illness. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010; 48:129-35. [PMID: 19943806 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2010.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) concentration is increased in elderly patients with mental illness. Also, patients with vascular disease have significantly higher plasma tHcy concentration compared with patients without vascular disease. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) status is associated with cardiovascular disease and a major genetic risk factor is inheritance of the e4 allele. In the present study, we investigated the association between plasma tHcy and apoE status. METHODS The relation between apoE status, plasma tHcy and vascular disease was investigated in a cohort of consecutively enrolled elderly patients with mental illness (n=328). RESULTS Plasma tHcy concentrations were increased (p<0.01) in carriers of APOE4 (13.6 micromol/L; 9.2-21.7 micromol/L) compared to non-carriers (12.4 micromol/L; 8.3-19.9 micromol/L). The proportion of patients with vascular disease was significantly (p<0.001) increased among carriers (61%) compared to non-carriers (42%). An increased percentage (p<0.001) of APOE4 carriers was observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) with (71%) or without vascular disease (42%), and in patients with vascular dementia (VaD) (54%) compared to a reference group (34%). CONCLUSIONS Since carriers of APOE4 showed an increased likelihood of vascular disease, these patients need more intensive control of other modifiable vascular risk factors. Furthermore, the association between plasma tHcy and the presence of APOE4 might be attributed to an increased proportion of vascular disease in APOE4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Nilsson
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Clinical Science, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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20
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Ploder M, Kurz K, Spittler A, Neurauter G, Roth E, Fuchs D. Early increase of plasma homocysteine in sepsis patients with poor outcome. Mol Med 2010; 16:498-504. [PMID: 20386870 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2010.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia is a well-established coronary risk factor that develops when dietary supply with folate and/or vitamin B(12) is inadequate. Recently, stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were shown to produce homocysteine. Thus, the stimulated immune system may contribute to moderate hyperhomocysteinemia during certain diseases. Because multiple trauma and sepsis are accompanied by often strong inflammatory responses, we investigated whether hyperhomocysteinemia may develop in patients. Total homocysteine and cysteine concentrations were measured in 83 plasma specimens from 18 patients (14 men, 4 women; 15 posttrauma with sepsis and 3 with sepsis alone) every third day of follow-up. Finally results were compared with concentrations of cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, the immune activation marker neopterin and the extent of tryptophan degradation as indicated by the kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (kyn/trp). Compared with baseline, average total homocysteine (P < 0.05, d 4-d 10) and cysteine (P < 0.05, d 7-d 13) concentrations increased during follow-up of patients. However, only the increase of homocysteine was related to the survival status: total homocysteine was significantly higher in nonsurvivors (P < 0.05, d 4 and d 10) than in survivors, whereas cysteine concentrations increased in both subgroups. Homocysteine correlated with kyn/trp but not with neopterin concentrations. Increase of total homocysteine is common in patients after trauma with unfavorable outcome. Because all patients received standardized enteral nutrition after the end of hypodynamic shock, inconsistent vitamin supply is unlikely to be the reason for hyperhomocysteinemia in some of the patients; rather, it is associated with a stronger proinflammatory response. Certainly, the number of patients in our study is still small and results can only be regarded as preliminary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ploder
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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21
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Martí-Carvajal AJ, Solà I, Lathyris D, Salanti G. Homocysteine lowering interventions for preventing cardiovascular events. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009:CD006612. [PMID: 19821378 PMCID: PMC4164174 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006612.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease such as coronary artery disease, stroke and congestive heart failure, is a leading cause of death worldwide. A postulated risk factor is elevated circulating total homocysteine (tHcy) levels which is influenced mainly by blood levels of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12), folic acid (vitamin B9) and pyridoxine (vitamin B6). There is uncertainty regarding the strength of association between tHcy and the risk of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVES To assess the clinical effectiveness of homocysteine-lowering interventions (HLI) in people with or without pre-existing cardiovascular disease. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) on The Cochrane Library (issue 3 2008), MEDLINE (1950 to August 2008), EMBASE (1988 to August 2008), and LILACS (1982 to September 2, 2008). We also searched in Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED; 1985 to August 2008), ISI Web of Science (1993 to August 2008), and the Cochrane Stroke Group Specialised Register (April 2007). We hand searched pertinent journals and the reference lists of included papers. We also contacted researchers in the field. There was no language restriction in the search. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised clinical trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of HLI for preventing cardiovascular events with a follow-up period of 1 year or longer. We considered myocardial infarction and stroke as the primary outcomes. We excluded studies in patients with end-stage renal disease. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We independently performed study selection, risk of bias assessment and data extraction. We estimated relative risks (RR) for dichotomous outcomes. We measured statistical heterogeneity using I(2). We used a random-effects model to synthesise the findings. MAIN RESULTS We included eight RCTs involving 24,210 participants with a low risk of bias in general terms. HLI did not reduce the risk of non-fatal or fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or death by any cause (pooled RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.13, I(2) = 0%; pooled RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.08, I(2) = 15%); and pooled RR 1.00 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.09, I(2): 0%), respectively. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Results from available published trials suggest that there is no evidence to support the use of HLI to prevent cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Solà
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Georgia Salanti
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina 45110, Greece
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22
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23
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Zhang WL, Lopez-Garcia E, Li TY, Hu FB, van Dam RM. Coffee consumption and risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality among women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2009; 52:810-7. [PMID: 19266179 PMCID: PMC2666099 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Coffee has been linked to both beneficial and harmful health effects, but data on its relationship with cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes are sparse. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study including 7,170 women with diagnosed type 2 diabetes but free of cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline. Coffee consumption was assessed in 1980 and then every 2-4 years using validated questionnaires. A total of 658 incident cardiovascular events (434 coronary heart disease and 224 stroke) and 734 deaths from all causes were documented between 1980 and 2004. RESULTS After adjustment for age, smoking and other cardiovascular risk factors, the relative risks were 0.76 (95% CI 0.50-1.14) for cardiovascular diseases (p trend = 0.09) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.55-1.14) for all-cause mortality (p trend = 0.05) for the consumption of >or=4 cups/day of caffeinated coffee compared with non-drinkers. Similarly, multivariable RRs were 0.96 (95% CI 0.66-1.38) for cardiovascular diseases (p trend = 0.84) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.54-1.07) for all-cause mortality (p trend = 0.08) for the consumption of >or=2 cups/day of decaffeinated coffee compared with non-drinkers. Higher decaffeinated coffee consumption was associated with lower concentrations of HbA(1c) (6.2% for >or=2 cups/day versus 6.7% for <1 cup/month; p trend = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence that habitual coffee consumption is not associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases or premature mortality among diabetic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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24
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Onat A, Hergenç G, Küçükdurmaz Z, Can G, Ayhan E, Bulur S. Serum folate is associated with coronary heart disease independently of homocysteine in Turkish men. Clin Nutr 2008; 27:732-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2008.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Revised: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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van Dam RM. Coffee Consumption and Coronary Heart Disease: Paradoxical Effects on Biological Risk Factors versus Disease Incidence. Clin Chem 2008; 54:1418-20. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2008.111542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rob M van Dam
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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26
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Ueland PM, Hustad S. Homocysteine and folate status in an era of folic acid fortification: balancing benefits, risks, and B-vitamins. Clin Chem 2008; 54:779-81. [PMID: 18443174 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2008.103218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Magne Ueland
- Section for Pharmacology, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen and Haukeland Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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28
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29
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Nilsson K, Gustafson L, Hultberg B. Plasma homocysteine and vascular disease in elderly patients with mental illness. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 46:1556-61. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2008.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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30
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Bailey LB. The rise and fall of blood folate in the United States emphasizes the need to identify all sources of folic acid. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 86:528-30. [PMID: 17823413 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/86.3.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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31
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Ueland PM, Midttun Ø, Windelberg A, Svardal A, Skålevik R, Hustad S. Quantitative profiling of folate and one-carbon metabolism in large-scale epidemiological studies by mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 45:1737-45. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2007.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AbstractClin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:1737–45.
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