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Cheng WL, Chew S, Sethi SK, Ho CS, Loh TP. Methanol interference in LC-MS/MS vitamin D: need for lot-to-lot verification. Pathology 2024; 56:730-732. [PMID: 38395678 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Ling Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.
| | - Suru Chew
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sunil Kumar Sethi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Chung Shun Ho
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
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2
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Ovbude ST, Sharmeen S, Kyei I, Olupathage H, Jones J, Bell RJ, Powers R, Hage DS. Applications of chromatographic methods in metabolomics: A review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1239:124124. [PMID: 38640794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Chromatography is a robust and reliable separation method that can use various stationary phases to separate complex mixtures commonly seen in metabolomics. This review examines the types of chromatography and stationary phases that have been used in targeted or untargeted metabolomics with methods such as mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. General considerations for sample pretreatment and separations in metabolomics are considered, along with the various supports and separation formats for chromatography that have been used in such work. The types of liquid chromatography (LC) that have been most extensively used in metabolomics will be examined, such as reversed-phase liquid chromatography and hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography. In addition, other forms of LC that have been used in more limited applications for metabolomics (e.g., ion-exchange, size-exclusion, and affinity methods) will be discussed to illustrate how these techniques may be utilized for new and future research in this field. Multidimensional LC methods are also discussed, as well as the use of gas chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography in metabolomics. In addition, the roles of chromatography in NMR- vs. MS-based metabolomics are considered. Applications are given within the field of metabolomics for each type of chromatography, along with potential advantages or limitations of these separation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan T Ovbude
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Sadia Sharmeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Isaac Kyei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Harshana Olupathage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Jacob Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Richard J Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA; Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
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3
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Abdelaziz R, Elsheshtawy HM, El-Houseiny W, Aloufi AS, Alwutayd KM, Mansour AT, Hadad G, Arisha AH, El-Murr AE, M Yassin A. A novel metabolite of Streptomyces coeruleorubidus exhibits antibacterial activity against Streptococcus agalactiae through modulation of physiological performance, inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, and oxidative stress-correlated gene expressions in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109496. [PMID: 38461875 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Using the unique structures found in natural materials to produce new antibacterial drugs is crucial. Actinobacteria is well-known for its ability to produce naturally occurring chemicals with a variety of structural features that can be used as weapons against infectious bacteria. In the present study, the Streptomyces coeruleorubidus metabolites were characterized and their efficacy in suppressing Streptococcus agalactiae growth was carried out both in vitro and in vivo. The metabolites of S. coeruleorubidus were purified and identified as octasiloxane-hexadecamethyl (OHM). In vivo antibacterial activity of OHM revealed an inhibitory minimum concentration value of 0.5 μg/ml against S. agalactiae and induced ultrastructural cell changes revealed by scanning electron microscope. The safe concentration of OHM was determined as 0.8 mg/L for Nile tilapia. Four in vivo treatments were treated with 0 and 0.8 mg/L OHM and with or without challenge by S. agalactiae (1 × 107 CFU/mL) named control, OHM, S. agalactiae, and S. agalactiae + OHM groups. The OHM treatment improved the survival of Nile tilapia by 33.33% than S. agalactiae challenge group. Waterborne OHM treatment significantly mitigated the deleterious effects of S. agalactiae on hematological, hepato-renal functions, stress indicators, and antioxidant balance. OHM significantly alleviated nitric oxide levels, complement 3, IgM, and lysozyme activity, downregulation of liver antioxidant genes expression in S. agalactiae group. Furthermore, the addition of OHM to challenged fish with S. agalactiae-significantly reversed dramatic negative regulation of inflammatory, apoptosis, and immune related gene expression (caspase-3, bax, pcna, tnf-α, ifn-γ, il-8 il-1β, il-10, tgf-β, and bcl-2 in the Nile tilapia spleen. Additionally, the damaged hepatic and splenic structure induced by bacterial infection was restored with OHM treatment. Finally, S. coeruleorubidus metabolites (mainly OHM) revealed in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity and showed alleviated effects on the physiological status of S. agalactiae infected tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rewan Abdelaziz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassnaa Mahmoud Elsheshtawy
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Walaa El-Houseiny
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Abeer S Aloufi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Tageldein Mansour
- Animal and Fish Production Department, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Fish and Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Ghada Hadad
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Arisha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Abd Elhakeem El-Murr
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amany M Yassin
- Laboratories Unit, Microbiology Department, Zagazig Univeristy Hospiltals, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Guzmán-Lorite M, Rosu F, Marina ML, García MC, Gabelica V. miRNA and DNA analysis by negative ion electron transfer dissociation and infrared multiple-photon dissociation mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1299:342431. [PMID: 38499418 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of simple and hybrid fragmentation techniques for the identification of molecules in tandem mass spectrometry provides different and complementary information on the structure of molecules. Nevertheless, these techniques have not been as widely explored for oligonucleotides as for peptides or proteins. The analysis of microRNAs (miRNAs) warrants special attention, given their regulatory role and their relationship with several diseases. The application of different fragmentation techniques will be very interesting for their identification. RESULTS Four synthetic miRNAs and a DNA sequence were fragmented in an ESI-FT-ICR mass spectrometer using both simple and hybrid fragmentation techniques: CID, nETD followed by CID, IRMPD, and, for the first time, nETD in combination with IRMPD. The main fragmentation channel was base loss. The use of nETD-IRMPD resulted in d/z, a/w, and c/y ions at higher intensities. Moreover, nETD-IRMPD provided high sequence coverage and low internal fragmentation. Native MS analysis revealed that only miR159 and the DNA sequence formed stable dimers under physiological ionic strength. The use of organic co-solvents or additives resulted in a lower sequence coverage due to lesser overall ionization efficiency. NOVELTY This work demonstrates that the combination of nETD and IRMPD for miRNA fragmentation constitutes a suitable alternative to common fragmentation methods. This strategy resulted in efficient fragmentation of [miRNA]5- using low irradiation times and fewer internal fragments while ensuring a high sequence coverage. Moreover, given that such low charge states predominate upon spraying in physiological-like conditions, native MS can be applied for obtaining structural information at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Guzmán-Lorite
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - Frédéric Rosu
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, IECB, UAR3033, US01, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - María Luisa Marina
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. Del Río", Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - María Concepción García
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. Del Río", Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain.
| | - Valérie Gabelica
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, IECB, UAR3033, US01, F-33600, Pessac, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600, Pessac, France
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Ialongo C, D'alessandro A, Sapio M, Angeloni A, Porzio O. Evaluation of the interchangeability between the new fully-automated affinity chrome-mediated immunoassay (ACMIA) and the Quantitative Microsphere System (QMS) with a CE-IVD-certified LC-MS/MS assay for therapeutic drug monitoring of everolimus after solid organ transplantation. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:245-250. [PMID: 36330751 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the interchangeability between the Siemens Healthineers' "EVRO" new affinity chrome-mediated immunoassay (ACMIA/EVRO) and Thermo Fisher Scientific's "EVER" Quantitative Microsphere System (QMS/EVER) with Chromsystems' CE-IVD-certified "MassTox" liquid-chromatography/tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for the therapeutic drug monitoring of everolimus. METHODS A single lot of reagent, calibrators and controls were used for each assay. A total of 67 whole blood samples (n=67) from patients receiving solid organ transplant were analyzed (n=31 with kidney transplant and n=36 with liver transplant); Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman difference plot were used to evaluate bias and individual agreement; LC-MS/MS analysis was used to measure the actual concentrations of calibrators and controls compared to the assigned value. RESULTS ACMIA/EVRO did not show any systematic bias compared to LC-MS/MS (intercept=0.244 ng/mL, 95% CI: -0.254 to 0.651 ng/mL). Nevertheless, significant proportional bias (slope=1.511, 95% CI: 1.420 to 1.619) associated to a combined bias of 44.8% (95% CI: 41.2-48.3%) was observed. Conversely, QMS/EVER did not show any bias at both systematic (intercept=-0.151 ng/mL, 95% CI: -0.671 to 0.256 ng/mL) and proportional level (slope=0.971, 95% CI: 0.895 to 1.074) with a non-statistically significant combined bias of -3.6% (95% CI: -8.4-1.1%). Based on a concentration of calibrators and controls above the assigned value for both the analytical methods, in the ACMIA/EVRO a correction which was approximately one-third of the correction for the QMS/EVER was observed. CONCLUSIONS ACMIA/EVRO but not QMS/EVER shows a lack of interchangeability with the CE-IVD-certified LC-MS/MS assay. We hypothesize that, as the ACMIA/EVRO uses an anti-sirolimus antibody, the under-corrected assigned value in the assay calibrators was not sufficient to reproduce the everolimus metabolites cross-reactivity occurring in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Ialongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Sapio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Angeloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ottavia Porzio
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, IRCCS "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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6
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Rappold BA. Review of the Use of Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Clinical Laboratories: Part II-Operations. Ann Lab Med 2022; 42:531-557. [PMID: 35470272 PMCID: PMC9057814 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2022.42.5.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is increasingly utilized in clinical laboratories because it has advantages in terms of specificity and sensitivity over other analytical technologies. These advantages come with additional responsibilities and challenges given that many assays and platforms are not provided to laboratories as a single kit or device. The skills, staff, and assays used in LC-MS/MS are internally developed by the laboratory, with relatively few exceptions. Hence, a laboratory that deploys LC-MS/MS assays must be conscientious of the practices and procedures adopted to overcome the challenges associated with the technology. This review discusses the post-development landscape of LC-MS/MS assays, including validation, quality assurance, operations, and troubleshooting. The content knowledge of LC-MS/MS users is quite broad and deep and spans multiple scientific fields, including biology, clinical chemistry, chromatography, engineering, and MS. However, there are no formal academic programs or specific literature to train laboratory staff on the fundamentals of LC-MS/MS beyond the reports on method development. Therefore, depending on their experience level, some readers may be familiar with aspects of the laboratory practices described herein, while others may be not. This review endeavors to assemble aspects of LC-MS/MS operations in the clinical laboratory to provide a framework for the thoughtful development and execution of LC-MS/MS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Rappold
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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7
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García Valverde M, Martínez Bueno MJ, Gómez-Ramos MM, Aguilera A, Gil García MD, Fernández-Alba AR. Determination study of contaminants of emerging concern at trace levels in agricultural soil. A pilot study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146759. [PMID: 33838369 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to develop and validate a quick, easy, and robust extraction method for the simultaneous determination of 30 organic contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) including some transformation products in soil samples. Three different extraction methods based on an ultrasonic cylindrical probe (UAE), a pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and a QuEChERS method were compared. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used for identification and quantification of the target analytes. A modified QuEChERS method showed the best results in terms of extractability and accuracy. The extraction procedure developed provided adequate extraction performances (70% of the target analytes were recovered within a 70-99% range), with good repeatability and reproducibility (variations below 20%) and great sensitivity (LOQ < 0.1 ng/g in most cases). No matrix effects were observed for 70% of the compounds. Finally, the analytical methodology was applied in a pilot study where agricultural soil was irrigated with reclaimed water spiked with the contaminants under study. Of the 25 CECs added in irrigation water, a total of 13 pesticides and 5 pharmaceutical products were detected at concentration ranges from 0.1 to 1.2 ng/g (d.w) and from 0.1 to 2.0 ng/g (d.w), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M García Valverde
- University of Almería, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M J Martínez Bueno
- University of Almería, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M M Gómez-Ramos
- University of Almería, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A Aguilera
- University of Almería, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M D Gil García
- University of Almería, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A R Fernández-Alba
- University of Almería, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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8
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Ghosh C. Relative matrix effects: A step forward using standard line slopes and ANOVA analysis. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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9
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Vavrouš A, Ševčík V, Dvořáková M, Čabala R, Moulisová A, Vrbík K. Easy and Inexpensive Method for Multiclass Analysis of 41 Food Contact Related Contaminants in Fatty Food by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10968-10976. [PMID: 31487165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Food contact materials (FCMs) may release their chemical components into food and thus raise safety concerns. This paper attempted to study the presence of four major groups of FCM-related endocrine disruptors in fatty food: dialkyl phthalates, bisphenols, printing ink photoinitiators, and polyfluoroalkyl substances. All 41 target compounds were analyzed simultaneously by means of liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The sample preparation was significantly streamlined to reduce analysis costs by employing acetonitrile extraction, extract modification by water, and refrigeration at 5 °C. The new method was validated and applied to 60 real samples, including edible oils, butter, and chocolate, where 16 target compounds were measured at levels ≤13000 ng/g. The study also described the blank level increase and sensitivity loss caused by impurities present in the HPLC methanol solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Vavrouš
- Centre of Toxicology and Health Safety , National Institute of Public Health , Srobarova 48 , 100 00 Praha 10 , Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University in Prague , Hlavova 8 , 128 43 Praha 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Václav Ševčík
- Centre of Toxicology and Health Safety , National Institute of Public Health , Srobarova 48 , 100 00 Praha 10 , Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University in Prague , Hlavova 8 , 128 43 Praha 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Dvořáková
- Centre of Toxicology and Health Safety , National Institute of Public Health , Srobarova 48 , 100 00 Praha 10 , Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine , Charles University in Prague , Ruska 87 , 100 00 Prague 10 , Czech Republic
| | - Radomír Čabala
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University in Prague , Hlavova 8 , 128 43 Praha 2 , Czech Republic
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, First Faculty of Medicine , Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital , 121 08 Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Alena Moulisová
- Centre of Toxicology and Health Safety , National Institute of Public Health , Srobarova 48 , 100 00 Praha 10 , Czech Republic
| | - Karel Vrbík
- Centre of Toxicology and Health Safety , National Institute of Public Health , Srobarova 48 , 100 00 Praha 10 , Czech Republic
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Ahern KW, Serbulea V, Wingrove CL, Palas ZT, Leitinger N, Harris TE. Regioisomer-independent quantification of fatty acid oxidation products by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of sodium adducts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11197. [PMID: 31371760 PMCID: PMC6671977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47693-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite growing acknowledgement of the role of oxidized fatty acids (oxFA) as cellular signaling molecules and in the pathogenesis of disease, developing methods to measure these species in biological samples has proven challenging. Here we describe a novel method utilizing HPLC-ESI-MS/MS to identify and quantify multiple full-length oxFA species in a regioisomer-independent manner without the need for time-consuming sample preparation or derivatization. Building on recent progress in the characterization of FA and their oxidation products by MS/MS, we employed positive-ion ionization by measuring sodium adducts in conjunction with Differential Energy Qualifier Ion Monitoring to unequivocally verify the presence of the hydroperoxide, hydroxide, and ketone oxidation products of linoleic and arachidonic acid. Our HPLC method achieved separation of these oxidized species from their unoxidized counterparts while maintaining regioisomer-independent elution, allowing quantification over a 5 log10 range with a lower limit of quantification of 0.1 picomoles. With a simple sample preparation and a runtime as low as 11 minutes, our method allows the rapid and facile detection and measurement of full-length oxFA in biological samples. We believe this approach will allow for new insight and further investigation into the role of oxFA in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn W Ahern
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, United States
| | - Vlad Serbulea
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, United States
| | - Catherine L Wingrove
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, United States
| | - Zachary T Palas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, United States
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, United States
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, United States.
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11
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Rappold BA. Special Considerations for Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method Development. Clin Lab Med 2018; 38:539-551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Shipkova M, Valbuena H. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs: Achievements, lessons and open issues. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Colizza K, Mahoney KE, Yevdokimov AV, Smith JL, Oxley JC. Acetonitrile Ion Suppression in Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:1796-1804. [PMID: 27576486 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to analyze trace levels of cyclic peroxides by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry gave evidence that acetonitrile suppressed ion formation. Further investigations extended this discovery to ketones, linear peroxides, esters, and possibly many other types of compounds, including triazole and menadione. Direct ionization suppression caused by acetonitrile was observed for multiple adduct types in both electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. The addition of only 2% acetonitrile significantly decreased the sensitivity of analyte response. Efforts to identify the mechanism were made using various nitriles. The ion suppression was reduced by substitution of an acetonitrile hydrogen with an electron-withdrawing group, but was exacerbated by electron-donating or steric groups adjacent to the nitrile. Although current theory does not explain this phenomenon, we propose that polar interactions between the various functionalities and the nitrile may be forming neutral aggregates that manifest as ionization suppression. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Colizza
- Chemistry Department, University of Rhode Island, 51 Lower College Rd., Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Keira E Mahoney
- Chemistry Department, University of Rhode Island, 51 Lower College Rd., Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Alexander V Yevdokimov
- Chemistry Department, University of Rhode Island, 51 Lower College Rd., Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - James L Smith
- Chemistry Department, University of Rhode Island, 51 Lower College Rd., Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Jimmie C Oxley
- Chemistry Department, University of Rhode Island, 51 Lower College Rd., Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
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Shipkova M, Svinarov D. LC–MS/MS as a tool for TDM services: Where are we? Clin Biochem 2016; 49:1009-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Tulipani S, Mora-Cubillos X, Jáuregui O, Llorach R, García-Fuentes E, Tinahones FJ, Andres-Lacueva C. New and Vintage Solutions To Enhance the Plasma Metabolome Coverage by LC-ESI-MS Untargeted Metabolomics: The Not-So-Simple Process of Method Performance Evaluation. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2639-47. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503031d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tulipani
- Biomarkers & Nutrimetabolomic Lab., Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Campus Torribera, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research
Institute (IBIMA), Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Malaga
Hospital Complex (Virgen de la Victoria), Campus de Teatinos s/n, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Ximena Mora-Cubillos
- Biomarkers & Nutrimetabolomic Lab., Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Campus Torribera, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Jáuregui
- Scientific and Technological Centres of the University of Barcelona (CCIT-UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Llorach
- Biomarkers & Nutrimetabolomic Lab., Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Campus Torribera, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Biomedical Research
Institute (IBIMA), Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital
Regional Universitario, Plaza del Hospital Civil s/n, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología
de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Biomedical Research
Institute (IBIMA), Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Malaga
Hospital Complex (Virgen de la Victoria), Campus de Teatinos s/n, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología
de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Andres-Lacueva
- Biomarkers & Nutrimetabolomic Lab., Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Campus Torribera, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Morlock GE. BACKGROUND MASS SIGNALS IN TLC/HPTLC–ESI-MS AND PRACTICAL ADVICES FOR USE OF THE TLC-MS INTERFACE. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2014.907000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gertrud E. Morlock
- a Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Nutritional Science, Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ) , Giessen , Germanyand University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry, Stuttgart, Germany
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Monaghan PJ, Keevil BG, Trainer PJ. The use of mass spectrometry to improve the diagnosis and the management of the HPA axis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2013; 14:143-57. [PMID: 23494459 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-013-9240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is becoming a standard analytical tool in the clinical laboratory for the measurement of small molecules, including steroid hormones. Endocrinologists are coming to acknowledge the superior quality of measurement that is achievable by LC-MS/MS through the enhanced analytical specificity and high sensitivity that this technique offers over conventional immunoassay (IA) methodologies. Additionally, LC-MS/MS overcomes many of the problems encountered in immunoassays, such as anti-reagent antibody interferences and cross-reactivity with structurally related compounds. The potential benefits of applying LC-MS/MS for the assessment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are beginning to be realised. This review critically evaluates recent developments in the application of LC-MS/MS for measurement of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids towards the diagnosis and management of HPA axis disorders and aims to address the current unmet need in this expanding field of endocrinology for which future studies into the potential applications of LC-MS/MS should be directed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Monaghan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
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18
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Vanderschueren D, Pye SR, O'Neill TW, Lee DM, Jans I, Billen J, Gielen E, Laurent M, Claessens F, Adams JE, Ward KA, Bartfai G, Casanueva FF, Finn JD, Forti G, Giwercman A, Han TS, Huhtaniemi IT, Kula K, Lean MEJ, Pendleton N, Punab M, Wu FCW, Boonen S. Active vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) and bone health in middle-aged and elderly men: the European Male Aging Study (EMAS). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:995-1005. [PMID: 23386642 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT There is little information on the potential impact of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] on bone health including turnover. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine the influence of 1,25(OH)2D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] on bone health in middle-aged and older European men. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Men aged 40-79 years were recruited from population registers in 8 European centers. Subjects completed questionnaires that included questions concerning lifestyle and were invited to attend for quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the heel, assessment of height and weight, and a fasting blood sample from which 1,25(OH)2D, 25(OH)D, and PTH were measured. 1,25(OH)2D was measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Bone markers serum N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP) and crosslinks (β-cTX) were also measured. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip and lumbar spine was performed in 2 centers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) QUS of the heel, bone markers P1NP and β-cTX, and DXA of the hip and lumbar spine were measured. RESULTS A total of 2783 men, mean age 60.0 years (SD 11.0) were included in the analysis. After adjustment for age and center, 1,25(OH)2D was positively associated with 25(OH)D but not with PTH. 25(OH)D was negatively associated with PTH. After adjustment for age, center, height, weight, lifestyle factors, and season, 1,25(OH)2D was associated negatively with QUS and DXA parameters and associated positively with β-cTX. 1,25(OH)2D was not correlated with P1NP. 25(OH)D was positively associated with the QUS and DXA parameters but not related to either bone turnover marker. Subjects with both high 1,25(OH)2D (upper tertile) and low 25(OH)D (lower tertile) had the lowest QUS and DXA parameters and the highest β-cTX levels. CONCLUSIONS Serum 1,25(OH)2D is associated with higher bone turnover and poorer bone health despite being positively related to 25(OH)D. A combination of high 1,25(OH)2D and low 25(OH)D is associated with the poorest bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Vanderschueren
- Department of Andrology and Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Abstract
Mass spectrometry methods have the potential to measure different hormones during the same analysis and have improved specificity and a wide analytical range compared with many immunoassay methods. Increasingly in clinical laboratories liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assays are replacing immunoassays for the routine measurement of testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and other steroid hormones. Reference LC-MS/MS methods for steroid, thyroid, and peptide hormones are being used for assessment of the performance and calibration of commercial immunoassays. In this chapter, the general principles of tandem mass spectrometry and examples of hormone assays are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen P Field
- Department of Specialist Laboratory Medicine, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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Buchwald A, Winkler K, Epting T. Validation of an LC-MS/MS method to determine five immunosuppressants with deuterated internal standards including MPA. BMC CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 12:2. [PMID: 22236286 PMCID: PMC3398287 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6904-12-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs in organ-transplanted patients is crucial to prevent intoxication or transplant rejection due to inadequate dosage. The commonly used immunoassays have been gradually undergoing replacement by mass spectrometry, since this physical method offers both a higher sensitivity and specificity. However, a switch should be carefully considered because it is a challenging procedure and needs to be thoroughly validated. From an economic perspective it is reasonable to include mycophenolic acid into the assay, because this saves the necessity for an additional measurement. However, to date very few validation protocols for the measurement of immunosuppressants, including mycophenolic acid, are available. In order to adequately compensate for matrix effects, the use of stable isotope labeled internal standards is advisable. Here, the authors describe a single method suitable for the quantification of cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus and mycophenolic acid, based on deuterated internal standards. Methods Plasma proteins were precipitated with zinc-sulfate, followed by an online solid phase extraction in the flow-through direction. Chromatographic separation was performed by a c18-phenyl-hexyl column. For subsequent mass spectrometric analysis stable-isotope-labeled internal standards were used. Results were available after 3.5 minutes. Results Low quantification limits (accuracy: 104 - 118%) and linearity resulted in 2 -1250 ng/ml for cyclosporine A; 0.5 - 42.2 ng/ml for tacrolimus; 0.6 - 49.2 ng/ml for sirolimus; 0.5 - 40.8 ng/ml for everolimus and 0.01 - 7.5 μg/ml for mycophenolic acid. Intra-assay precision revealed a coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.9 - 14.7%, with an accuracy of 89 - 138%. The CV of inter-assay precision was 2.5 - 12.5%, with an accuracy of 90 - 113%. Recovery ranged from 76.6 to 84%. Matrix effects were well compensated by deuterated internal standards. Conclusions The authors present a fast, economical and robust method for routine therapeutic drug monitoring comprising five immunosuppressants including mycophenolic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Buchwald
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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Effect of methanol quality on the ionisation of herbicides, insecticides and fungicides using gradient elution liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1219:83-92. [PMID: 22137780 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper explores the changes in the electrospray signal response of 39 structurally different compounds caused by the quality of the methanol, when used as a component in a gradient elution mobile phase. When three batches of LC-MS grade methanol from one manufacturer were evaluated, the largest variation in the electrospray signal responses of the 39 compounds examined was 18%. However, significant enhancement of the electrospray signals of up to 106% were observed among different brands of LC-MS grade methanol from different manufacturers. The effect of methanol quality on signal response was found to be compound dependent. This study also demonstrated that the senescence of the methanol was important. Using an expired batch of LC-MS grade methanol, electrospray signals were suppressed by as much as 95% for all compounds measured using positive mode electrospray. Conversely, the negative mode electrospray signals of compounds such as 4-octyl benzoic acid showed an enhancement of up to 96% when using the same batch of methanol. Linuron was used as a model compound to examine the change in the electrospray response, during gradient elution, when the proportion of an expired batch of methanol was varied. An infusion experiment showed that the linuron signal intensity decreased as the proportion of expired methanol increased in the mobile phase, which was in direct contrast to the increase in linuron signal observed with a non-expired batch of methanol. A series of isocratic experiments also showed that the linuron signal decreased as the proportion of expired methanol increased in the mobile phase. The ion ratios of several of the compounds studied changed significantly when using the expired batch of LC-MS methanol. The change in the ion ratios accentuates the difficulty of identifying compounds from in-source spectral libraries. A protocol is recommended for assessing the quality of methanol for LC-MS applications.
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Abstract
Quantification of endogenous hormonal steroids and their precursors is essential for diagnosing a wide range of endocrine disorders. Historically, these analyses have been carried out using immunoassay, but such methods are problematic, especially for low-concentration analytes, due to assay interference by other endogenous steroids. MS offers improved specificity over immunoassay and can be highly sensitive. GC–MS, with use of stable isotopically labeled internal standards, is considered the ‘gold standard’ method for serum steroid analysis. GC–MS is the method of choice for profiling steroid metabolites in urine, but these techniques are not appropriate for routine use in clinical laboratories owing to a need for extensive sample preparation, as well as analytical expertise. LC–MS/MS compares well to GC–MS in terms of accuracy, precision and sensitivity, but allows simplified sample preparation. While most publications have featured only one or a limited number of steroids, we consider that steroid paneling (which we propose as the preferred term for multitargeted steroid analysis) has great potential to enable clinicians to make a definitive diagnosis. It is adaptable for use in a number of matrices, including serum, saliva and dried blood spots. However, LC–MS/MS-based steroid analysis is not straightforward, and understanding the chemical and analytical processes involved is essential for implementation of a robust clinical service. This article discusses specific challenges in the measurement of endogenous steroids using LC–MS/MS, and provides examples of the benefits it offers.
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Toxic marine puffer fish in Thailand seas and tetrodotoxin they contained. Toxins (Basel) 2011; 3:1249-62. [PMID: 22069694 PMCID: PMC3210459 DOI: 10.3390/toxins3101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 155 puffers caught from two of Thailand's seas, the Gulf of Siam and the Andaman seas, during April to July 2010 were included in this study. Among 125 puffers from the Gulf of Siam, 18 were Lagocephalus lunaris and 107 were L. spadiceus which were the same two species found previously in 2000-2001. Thirty puffers were collected from the Andaman seas, 28 Tetraodon nigroviridis and two juvenile Arothron reticularis; the two new species totally replaced the nine species found previously in 1992-1993. Conventional mouse bioassay was used to determine the toxicity in all fish tissue extracts, i.e., liver, reproductive tissue, digestive tissue and muscle. One of each of the species L. lunaris and L. spadiceus (5.56 and 0.93%, respectively) were toxic. All 28 T. nigroviridis and 2 A. reticularis (100%) from the Andaman seas were toxic. The toxicity scores in T. nigroviridis tissues were much higher than in the respective tissues of the other three fish species. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed that the main toxic principle was tetrodotoxin (TTX). This study is the first to report TTX in L. spadiceus. Our findings raised a concern for people, not only Thais but also inhabitants of other countries situated on the Andaman coast; consuming puffers of the Andaman seas is risky due to potential TTX intoxication.
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Abstract
Due to their narrow therapeutic indices and highly variable pharmacokinetics, therapeutic drug monitoring is necessary to individualize immunosuppressant dosage following organ transplantation. Until recently, monitoring was performed primarily using immunoassays, however, there is an increasing shift to HPLC coupled with MS/MS, due to its greater sensitivity and specificity. Online sample clean-up with either a single analytical column or with 2D chromatography significantly reduces manual handling and is essential to minimize matrix effects and maximize specificity and, coupled with rapid chromatography, allows the simultaneous analysis of the major immunosuppressants, with rapid sample throughput. Thus, LC-MS/MS is an attractive and versatile technique that facilitates rapid development of analytical methods, including new immunosuppressants as they become approved for clinical use.
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Honour JW. Development and validation of a quantitative assay based on tandem mass spectrometry. Ann Clin Biochem 2011; 48:97-111. [DOI: 10.1258/acb.2010.010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many routine hospital and clinical research assays have relied upon immunoassay procedures to achieve sensitive measurements of a range of important analytes. Some of the methods have been developed in-house but increasingly commercial kits and automated analysers have become commonplace. The accuracies of these methods are under question in health care. Mass spectrometry (MS) is potentially a more accurate technique with the ability to demonstrate specificity. An introduction of the basic analytical aspects of liquid chromatography (LC)–MS/MS leads on to the validation of the method before general use. LC coupled with MS and tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) is being adopted in a number of hospital laboratories for the quantitative analysis of a number of analytes from physiological matrices, but standards for development and validation of such assays are not easily available. Most assays can be regarded as in-house methods and herein may lay the failure so far for mass spectrometric methods to improve quality of results between laboratories for an analyte using the same technology. Manufacturers are taking on board the experience of clinical laboratories with kits containing all or most of the disposable items and reagents. A number of documents and guidelines have been consulted. These documents are expensive to purchase, are often very long and not easy to read. This review highlights the specific requirements for introduction of a tandem mass spectrometric test for small molecules into a routine hospital laboratory. A number of experiments need to be planned and executed in order to describe a new quantitative method in terms of selectivity, accuracy, imprecision, sensitivity and stability. The introduction of a quantitative method based on tandem MS requires careful validation. This review has distilled out important points from a number of key documents in order to provide a working validation guideline for clinical laboratories. In a supplementary file a working document for assembling the assay validation is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Honour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University College London Hospitals, 60 Whitfield Street, London W1T 4EU, UK
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Swancutt KL, Cullen TD, Mezyk SP, Elias G, Bauer WF, Ball RD, Peterman DR, Riddle CL, Mincher BJ, Muller JJ. The Radiation Chemistry of the Cs-7SB Modifier used in Cs and Sr Solvent Extraction. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2011.539151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dieguez S, Soraci A, Tapia O, Carciochi R, Pérez D, Harkes R, Romano O. DETERMINATION OF ANTIBIOTIC FOSFOMYCIN IN CHICKEN SERUM BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2010.526873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Dieguez
- a Laboratorio de Toxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNCPBA , Tandil, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Soraci
- a Laboratorio de Toxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNCPBA , Tandil, Argentina
| | - Ofelia Tapia
- a Laboratorio de Toxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNCPBA , Tandil, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Carciochi
- a Laboratorio de Toxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNCPBA , Tandil, Argentina
| | - Denisa Pérez
- a Laboratorio de Toxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNCPBA , Tandil, Argentina
| | - Roberto Harkes
- b Bedson S.A., Las Palmeras 2240 , La Lonja, Pilar, Argentina
| | - Omar Romano
- b Bedson S.A., Las Palmeras 2240 , La Lonja, Pilar, Argentina
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Couchman L, Morgan PE. LC-MS in analytical toxicology: some practical considerations. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:100-23. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
The acetonitrile shortage during 2008 to 2009 challenged bioanalytical scientists due to the ubiquitous role that acetonitrile plays in sample preparation and analysis. Replacement, reduction and reuse of acetonitrile were the core tenants behind each approach used to tackle the shortage. Sample preparation of biological matrices can be accomplished by protein precipitation using a variety of solvents; methanol is usually the best substitute for acetonitrile. The potential liabilities in using methanol can be handled with appropriate modifications. Often methanol is superior to acetonitrile for both protein precipitation and chromatography if phospholipid interference is a problem. Solvent consumption can be minimized by reducing column dimensions and particle size. Separations can be achieved at greatly reduced run times using sub-2-μm and fused-core particle columns. Emerging technologies, such as desorption ESI, direct analysis in real time and laser diode thermal desorption, eliminate the need for chromatography and achieve significant solvent and time savings. Acetonitrile recyclers can purify HPLC waste for reuse.
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Vogeser M, Seger C. Pitfalls Associated with the Use of Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry in the Clinical Laboratory. Clin Chem 2010; 56:1234-44. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2009.138602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Novel mass spectrometric techniques such as atmospheric pressure ionization and tandem mass spectrometry have substantially extended the spectrum of clinical chemistry methods during the past decade. In particular, liquid chromatography tandem–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has become a standard tool in research laboratories as well as in many clinical laboratories. Although LC-MS/MS has features that suggest it has a very high analytical accuracy, potential sources of inaccuracy have recently been identified.
CONTENT
The sources of inaccuracy in LC-MS/MS methods used in the routine quantification of small molecules are described and discussed. Inaccuracy of LC-MS/MS methods can be related to the process of ionization through the insource transformation of conjugate metabolites or target analytes and may also be attributable to ionization matrix effects that have a differential impact on target analytes and internal-standard compounds. Inaccuracy can also be associated with the process of ion selection, which mainly occurs when compounds from the sample matrix share mass transitions with a target analyte. In individual assays, most potential sources of inaccuracy can be controlled by sufficient LC separation–based sample workup before MS analysis.
SUMMARY
LC-MS/MS methods should undergo rigorous and systematic validation before introduction into patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vogeser
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hospital of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Seger
- Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (ZIMCL), University Hospital Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Medvedovici A, Albu F, David V. HANDLING DRAWBACKS OF MASS SPECTROMETRIC DETECTION COUPLED TO LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY IN BIOANALYSIS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2010.484375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Medvedovici
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Bucharest , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Florin Albu
- b Bioanalytical Laboratory , S.C. LaborMed Pharma S.A. , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Victor David
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Bucharest , Bucharest , Romania
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Herath HMDR, Shaw PN, Cabot P, Hewavitharana AK. Effect of ionization suppression by trace impurities in mobile phase water on the accuracy of quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:1502-1506. [PMID: 20486245 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column is capable of enrichment/pre-concentration of trace impurities in the mobile phase during the column equilibration, prior to sample injection and elution. These impurities elute during gradient elution and result in significant chromatographic peaks. Three types of purified water were tested for their impurity levels, and hence their performances as mobile phase, in HPLC followed by total ion current (TIC) mode of MS. Two types of HPLC-grade water produced 3-4 significant peaks in solvent blanks while LC/MS-grade water produced no peaks (although peaks were produced by LC/MS-grade water also after a few days of standing). None of the three waters produced peaks in HPLC followed by UV-Vis detection. These peaks, if co-eluted with analyte, are capable of suppressing or enhancing the analyte signal in a MS detector. As it is not common practice to run solvent blanks in TIC mode, when quantification is commonly carried out using single ion monitoring (SIM) or single or multiple reaction monitoring (SRM or MRM), the effect of co-eluting impurities on the analyte signal and hence on the accuracy of the results is often unknown to the analyst. Running solvent blanks in TIC mode, regardless of the MS mode used for quantification, is essential in order to detect this problem and to take subsequent precautions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M D R Herath
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Critical topics in ensuring data quality in bioanalytical LC–MS method development. Bioanalysis 2010; 2:1051-72. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.10.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of LC–MS for bioanalysis of pharmaceuticals is entering its third decade and may be considered to be a mature technology. In many respects this is true, considering the advances made in such areas as instrument performance, electronics, software and automation of use. However, there remain instrumental and noninstrumental areas that require significant attention to ensure data quality. Increasing regulatory focus on analytical method performance and unaddressed method issues require the bioanalyst to understand those areas that most greatly impact data quality. This review will focus on instrumental and noninstrumental areas that can influence data quality, including reference standard and internal standard quality and physicochemical properties, matrix effects, stability in matrix, sample preparation, LC and MS.
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Kushnir MM, Rockwood AL, Bergquist J. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry applications in endocrinology. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2010; 29:480-502. [PMID: 19708015 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been recognized as a primary methodology for the accurate analysis of endogenous steroid hormones in biological samples. This review focuses on the use of LC-MS/MS in clinical laboratories to assist with the diagnosis of diverse groups of endocrine and metabolic diseases. Described analytical methods use on-line and off-line sample preparation and analytical derivatization to enhance analytical sensitivity, specificity, and clinical utility. Advantages of LC-MS/MS as an analytical technique include high specificity, possibility to simultaneously measure multiple analytes, and the ability to assess the specificity of the analysis in every sample. All described analytical methods were extensively validated, utilized in routine diagnostic practice, and were applied in a number of clinical and epidemiological studies, including a study of the steroidogenesis in ovarian follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Kushnir
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
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Badawi N, Simonsen KW, Steentoft A, Bernhoft IM, Linnet K. Simultaneous Screening and Quantification of 29 Drugs of Abuse in Oral Fluid by Solid-Phase Extraction and Ultraperformance LC-MS/MS. Clin Chem 2009; 55:2004-18. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2008.122341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The European DRUID (Driving under the Influence of Drugs, Alcohol And Medicines) project calls for analysis of oral fluid (OF) samples, collected randomly and anonymously at the roadside from drivers in Denmark throughout 2008–2009. To analyze these samples we developed an ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for detection of 29 drugs and illicit compounds in OF. The drugs detected were opioids, amphetamines, cocaine, benzodiazepines, and Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol.
Method: Solid-phase extraction was performed with a Gilson ASPEC XL4 system equipped with Bond Elut Certify sample cartridges. OF samples (200 mg) diluted with 5 mL of ammonium acetate/methanol (vol/vol 90:10) buffer were applied to the columns and eluted with 3 mL of acetonitrile with aqueous ammonium hydroxide. Target drugs were quantified by use of a Waters ACQUITY UPLC system coupled to a Waters Quattro Premier XE triple quadrupole (positive electrospray ionization mode, multiple reaction monitoring mode).
Results: Extraction recoveries were 36%–114% for all analytes, including Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and benzoylecgonine. The lower limit of quantification was 0.5 μg/kg for all analytes. Total imprecision (CV) was 5.9%–19.4%. With the use of deuterated internal standards for most compounds, the performance of the method was not influenced by matrix effects. A preliminary account of OF samples collected at the roadside showed the presence of amphetamine, cocaine, codeine, Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, tramadol, and zopiclone.
Conclusions: The UPLC-MS/MS method makes it possible to detect all 29 analytes in 1 chromatographic run (15 min), including Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and benzoylecgonine, which previously have been difficult to incorporate into multicomponent methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Badawi
- Section of Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen
| | - Kirsten Wiese Simonsen
- Section of Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen
| | - Anni Steentoft
- Section of Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen
| | | | - Kristian Linnet
- Section of Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen
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Sillén H, Magnell N. Screening ionisation and chromatography conditions for quantitative LC/MS methods. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:3581-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Boyd JC, Rifai N, Annesley TM. Preparation of Manuscripts for Publication: Improving Your Chances for Success. Clin Chem 2009; 55:1259-64. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2009.129916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James C Boyd
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Nader Rifai
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Children’s Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas M Annesley
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
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Napoli KL. More on Methanol-Associated Matrix Effects in Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Clin Chem 2009; 55:1250-2. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2009.126508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Napoli
- Division of Immunology and Organ Transplantation, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, retired
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A rapid HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, sirolimus and everolimus in human blood samples. Nat Protoc 2009; 4:526-34. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2009.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lecchi P, Zhao J, Wiggins WS, Chen TH, Yip PF, Mansfield BC, Peltier JM. A method for monitoring and controlling reproducibility of intensity data in complex electrospray mass spectra: a thermometer ion-based strategy. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:398-410. [PMID: 19036606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Reproducibility in mass spectral data is important in both biomarker discovery and spectral database searching. We report a strategy, employing a series of substituted benzylpyridinium thermometer ions that can be used to monitor changes in performance of multiple aspects of an electrospray ionization source that impact the intensity axis of a spectrum. Performance attributes, which could confound even isotope-based quantification strategies, are readily assessed using a mixture of thermometer ions. Based on the observed behavior of the ions, a procedure is proposed for monitoring instrument performance and compensating for factors that affect reproducibility across both time and instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Lecchi
- Correlogic Systems, Inc., Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
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De Jesus VR, Zhou H, Vogt RF, Hannon WH. Changes in Solvent Composition in Tandem Mass Spectrometry Multiplex Assay for Lysosomal Storage Disorders Do Not Affect Assay Results. Clin Chem 2009; 55:596-8. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2008.122176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor R De Jesus
- Newborn Screening and Molecular Biology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Robert F Vogt
- Newborn Screening and Molecular Biology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - W Harry Hannon
- Newborn Screening and Molecular Biology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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O'Halloran S, Ilett KF. Evaluation of a deuterium-labeled internal standard for the measurement of sirolimus by high-throughput HPLC electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 2008; 54:1386-9. [PMID: 18664442 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2008.103952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix effects in HPLC-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)1 can cause differences in the ionization of an internal standard (IS) compared with the analyte of interest. Unless sample cleanup or chromatographic conditions eliminate or minimize ion suppression or enhancement, variability in interpatient matrices may cause erroneous results. A stable isotope-labeled IS can be used to minimize analytical interpatient variation. METHODS We used protein precipitation and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS to quantify sirolimus (SIR) with both desmethoxyrapamycin (DMR) and deuterium-labeled sirolimus (SIR-d(3)) as the IS to analyze a range of whole-blood and extraction-matrix samples, and to estimate recovery, matrix effects, process efficiency, and interpatient variation. We also analyzed a series of blood samples from 72 patients taking SIR, including external proficiency-testing samples, with these ISs. RESULTS The range of interpatient assay imprecision (CV) values for the SIR assay was consistently lower with SIR-d(3) (2.7%-5.7%) than with DMR (7.6%-9.7%). The results obtained with the 2 different ISs for the patient samples showed a linear relationship, but the results were higher with DMR as the IS than with SIR-d(3). CONCLUSIONS The use of SIR-d(3) as the IS in the high-throughput HPLC-ESI-MS/MS assay of SIR yielded improved results compared with the use of DMR. SIR-d(3) appears to be less affected by differences in the ionization of SIR and its IS caused by the variability of interpatient matrices. The IS-related difference in SIR estimation needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean O'Halloran
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Australia. sean.o'
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Recent development in application of high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressants. J Immunol Methods 2008; 336:98-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Revised: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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A decade of HPLC-MS/MS in the routine clinical laboratory--goals for further developments. Clin Biochem 2008; 41:649-62. [PMID: 18374660 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Revised: 02/17/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, tandem mass spectrometry hyphenated to liquid chromatography separation systems (HPLC-MS/MS) has developed to an important technology in clinical chemistry - not only for research purposes but also for routine use. At present, most important application fields are target analyses in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and metabolic disorders diagnosis. The essential strengths of HPLC-MS/MS include potentially high analytical specificity, wide range of applicability to small and large molecules, capability of multi- and mega-parametric tests, and the opportunity to develop powerful assays with a high degree of flexibility within a short time frame. The technique has overcome important limitations of GC-MS and is characterized by short analytical runtimes, applicability to thermo labile, polar and large molecules, and straightforward sample preparation. However, implementation of HPLC-MS/MS assays still requires substantial expertise and know-how. At the present, its application is limited to a rather small number of clinical routine laboratories. Nonetheless, HPLC-MS/MS has the potential to be further developed to a commonly applied high-throughput technique in clinical chemistry, complementary to present standard techniques as photometry and ligand binding methods. This review intends to characterize working characteristics of present day HPLC-MS/MS instrumentations used in clinical routine laboratories. Limitations of currently available systems and applications will be critically discussed. Required instrument improvements supporting the successful spreading of HPLC-MS/MS in laboratory medicine within the next decade will be outlined.
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