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Mikami H, Noguchi S, Akatsuka J, Hasegawa H, Obayashi K, Takeda H, Endo Y, Toyama Y, Takei H, Kimura G, Kondo Y, Takizawa T. snRNAs from Radical Prostatectomy Specimens Have the Potential to Serve as Prognostic Factors for Clinical Recurrence after Biochemical Recurrence in Patients with High-Risk Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1757. [PMID: 38730709 PMCID: PMC11083327 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In patients with high-risk prostate cancer (HRPC) after radical prostatectomy (RP), biochemical recurrence (BCR) increases the risk of distant metastasis. Accordingly, additional prognostic biomarkers are required to identify the subpopulation of patients with HRPC who develop clinical recurrence (CR) after BCR. The objective of this study was to identify biomarkers in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) RP samples that are prognostic for CR in patients with HRPC who experience BCR after RP (post-RP BCR). First, we performed a preliminary RNA sequencing analysis to comprehensively profile RNA expression in FFPE RP samples obtained from patients with HRPC who developed CR after post-RP BCR and found that many snRNAs were very abundant in preserved FFPE samples. Subsequently, we used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to compare the expression levels of highly abundant snRNAs in FFPE RP samples from patients with HRPC with and without CR after post-RP BCR (21 CR patients and 46 non-CR patients who had more than 5 years of follow-up after BCR). The qPCR analysis revealed that the expression levels of snRNA RNU1-1/1-2 and RNU4-1 were significantly higher in patients with CR than in patients without CR. These snRNAs were significantly correlated with clinical recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with HRPC who experienced post-RP BCR. Furthermore, snRNA RNU1-1/1-2 could serve as an independent prognostic factor for clinical RFS in post-RP BCR of HRPC cases where known prognostic factors (e.g., Gleason score) cannot distinguish between CR and non-CR patients. Our findings provide new insights into the involvement of snRNAs in prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Mikami
- Department of Urology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan; (H.M.); (J.A.); (H.H.); (K.O.); (H.T.); (Y.E.); (Y.T.); (G.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Syunya Noguchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan;
| | - Jun Akatsuka
- Department of Urology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan; (H.M.); (J.A.); (H.H.); (K.O.); (H.T.); (Y.E.); (Y.T.); (G.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hiroya Hasegawa
- Department of Urology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan; (H.M.); (J.A.); (H.H.); (K.O.); (H.T.); (Y.E.); (Y.T.); (G.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kotaro Obayashi
- Department of Urology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan; (H.M.); (J.A.); (H.H.); (K.O.); (H.T.); (Y.E.); (Y.T.); (G.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hayato Takeda
- Department of Urology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan; (H.M.); (J.A.); (H.H.); (K.O.); (H.T.); (Y.E.); (Y.T.); (G.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yuki Endo
- Department of Urology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan; (H.M.); (J.A.); (H.H.); (K.O.); (H.T.); (Y.E.); (Y.T.); (G.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yuka Toyama
- Department of Urology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan; (H.M.); (J.A.); (H.H.); (K.O.); (H.T.); (Y.E.); (Y.T.); (G.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hiroyuki Takei
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan;
| | - Go Kimura
- Department of Urology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan; (H.M.); (J.A.); (H.H.); (K.O.); (H.T.); (Y.E.); (Y.T.); (G.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yukihiro Kondo
- Department of Urology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan; (H.M.); (J.A.); (H.H.); (K.O.); (H.T.); (Y.E.); (Y.T.); (G.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Toshihiro Takizawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan;
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Kabzinski J, Kucharska-Lusina A, Majsterek I. RNA-Based Liquid Biopsy in Head and Neck Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:1916. [PMID: 37508579 PMCID: PMC10377854 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a prevalent and diverse group of malignancies with substantial morbidity and mortality rates. Early detection and monitoring of HNC are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Liquid biopsy, a non-invasive diagnostic approach, has emerged as a promising tool for cancer detection and monitoring. In this article, we review the application of RNA-based liquid biopsy in HNC. Various types of RNA, including messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), circular RNA (circRNA) and PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), are explored as potential biomarkers in HNC liquid-based diagnostics. The roles of RNAs in HNC diagnosis, metastasis, tumor resistance to radio and chemotherapy, and overall prognosis are discussed. RNA-based liquid biopsy holds great promise for the early detection, prognosis, and personalized treatment of HNC. Further research and validation are necessary to translate these findings into clinical practice and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kabzinski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, MolecoLAB A6, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kucharska-Lusina
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, MolecoLAB A6, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, MolecoLAB A6, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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Xu X, Ma L, Zhang X, Guo S, Guo W, Wang Y, Qiu S, Tian X, Miao Y, Yu Y, Wang J. A positive feedback circuit between RN7SK snRNA and m 6A readers is essential for tumorigenesis. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1615-1635. [PMID: 36566349 PMCID: PMC10277899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification, methylation at the N6 position of adenosine, plays critical roles in tumorigenesis. m6A readers recognize m6A modifications and thus act as key executors for the biological consequences of RNA methylation. However, knowledge about the regulatory mechanism(s) of m6A readers is extremely limited. In this study, RN7SK was identified as a small nuclear RNA that interacts with m6A readers. m6A readers recognized and facilitated secondary structure formation of m6A-modified RN7SK, which in turn prevented m6A reader mRNA degradation from exonucleases. Thus, a positive feedback circuit between RN7SK and m6A readers is established in tumor cells. From findings on the interaction with RN7SK, new m6A readers, such as EWS RNA binding protein 1 (EWSR1) and KH RNA binding domain containing, signal transduction-associated 1 (KHDRBS1), were identified and shown to boost Wnt/β-catenin signaling and tumorigenesis by suppressing translation of Cullin1 (CUL1). Moreover, several Food and Drug Administration-approved small molecules were demonstrated to reduce RN7SK expression and inhibit tumorigenesis. Together, these findings reveal a common regulatory mechanism of m6A readers and indicate that targeting RN7SK has strong potential for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Rd, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Rd, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Rd, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Rd, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Susu Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Rd, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wanxin Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Rd, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yikun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Rd, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shiyu Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Rd, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Rd, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaoting Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Rd, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yayou Miao
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Rd, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yongchun Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Rd, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Rd, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Rd, Shanghai 200030, China; College of Medical Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin ER Rd, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Ding S, Dong X, Song X. Tumor educated platelet: the novel BioSource for cancer detection. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:91. [PMID: 37170255 PMCID: PMC10176761 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets, involved in the whole process of tumorigenesis and development, constantly absorb and enrich tumor-specific substances in the circulation during their life span, thus called "Tumor Educated Platelets" (TEPs). The alterations of platelet mRNA profiles have been identified as tumor markers due to the regulatory mechanism of post-transcriptional splicing. Small nuclear RNAs (SnRNAs), the important spliceosome components in platelets, dominate platelet RNA splicing and regulate the splicing intensity of pre-mRNA. Endogenous variation at the snRNA levels leads to widespread differences in alternative splicing, thereby driving the development and progression of neoplastic diseases. This review systematically expounds the bidirectional tumor-platelets interactions, especially the tumor induced alternative splicing in TEP, and further explores whether molecules related to alternative splicing such as snRNAs can serve as novel biomarkers for cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Xingguo Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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Kärkkäinen E, Heikkinen S, Tengström M, Kosma VM, Mannermaa A, Hartikainen JM. Expression profiles of small non-coding RNAs in breast cancer tumors characterize clinicopathological features and show prognostic and predictive potential. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22614. [PMID: 36585466 PMCID: PMC9803687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26954-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine approaches are required for more effective therapies for cancer. As small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) have recently been suggested as intriguing candidates for cancer biomarkers and have shown potential also as novel therapeutic targets, we aimed at profiling the non-miRNA sncRNAs in a large sample set to evaluate their role in invasive breast cancer (BC). We used small RNA sequencing and 195 fresh-frozen invasive BC and 22 benign breast tissue samples to identify significant associations of small nucleolar RNAs, small nuclear RNAs, and miscellaneous RNAs with the clinicopathological features and patient outcome of BC. Ninety-six and five sncRNAs significantly distinguished (Padj < 0.01) invasive local BC from benign breast tissue and metastasized BC from invasive local BC, respectively. Furthermore, 69 sncRNAs significantly associated (Padj < 0.01) with the tumor grade, hormone receptor status, subtype, and/or tumor histology. Additionally, 42 sncRNAs were observed as candidates for prognostic markers and 29 for predictive markers for radiotherapy and/or tamoxifen response (P < 0.05). We discovered the clinical relevance of sncRNAs from each studied RNA type. By introducing new sncRNA biomarker candidates for invasive BC and validating the potential of previously described ones, we have guided the way for further research that is warranted for providing novel insights into BC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi Kärkkäinen
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sami Heikkinen
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ,grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria Tengström
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ,grid.410705.70000 0004 0628 207XCancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland ,grid.410705.70000 0004 0628 207XDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland ,grid.410705.70000 0004 0628 207XDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M. Hartikainen
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
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6
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Pantazi P, Clements T, Venø M, Abrahams VM, Holder B. Distinct non-coding RNA cargo of extracellular vesicles from M1 and M2 human primary macrophages. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12293. [PMID: 36544271 PMCID: PMC9772496 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important antigen presenting cells which can release extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying functional cargo including non-coding RNAs. Macrophages can be broadly classified into M1 'classical' and M2 'alternatively-activated' macrophages. M1 macrophages have been linked with inflammation-associated pathologies, whereas a switch towards an M2 phenotype indicates resolution of inflammation and tissue regeneration. Here, we provide the first comprehensive analysis of the small RNA cargo of EVs from human M1 and M2 primary macrophages. Using small RNA sequencing, we identified several types of small non-coding RNAs in M1 and M2 macrophage EVs including miRNAs, isomiRs, tRNA fragments, piRNA, snRNA, snoRNA and Y-RNA fragments. Distinct differences were observed between M1 and M2 EVs, with higher relative abundance of miRNAs, and lower abundance of tRNA fragments in M1 compared to M2 EVs. MicroRNA-target enrichment analysis identified several gene targets involved in gene expression and inflammatory signalling pathways. EVs were also enriched in tRNA fragments, primarily originating from the 5' end or the internal region of the full length tRNAs, many of which were differentially abundant in M1 and M2 EVs. Similarly, several other small non-coding RNAs, namely snRNAs, snoRNAs and Y-RNA fragments, were differentially enriched in M1 and M2 EVs; we discuss their putative roles in macrophage EVs. In conclusion, we show that M1 and M2 macrophages release EVs with distinct RNA cargo, which has the potential to contribute to the unique effect of these cell subsets on their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paschalia Pantazi
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental BiologyDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion, and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Toby Clements
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental BiologyDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion, and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Vikki M. Abrahams
- Department of ObstetricsGynecology and Reproductive SciencesYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Beth Holder
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental BiologyDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion, and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Bao F, Liu J, Chen H, Miao L, Xu Z, Zhang G. Diagnosis Biomarkers of Cholangiocarcinoma in Human Bile: An Evidence-Based Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163921. [PMID: 36010914 PMCID: PMC9406189 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A liquid biopsy has the characteristics of low trauma and easy acquisition in the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Many researchers try to find diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers of CCA through blood, urine, bile and other body fluids. Due to the close proximity of bile to the lesion and the stable nature, bile gradually comes into people’s view. The evaluation of human bile diagnostic biomarkers is not only to the benefit of screening more suitable clinical markers but also of exploring the pathological changes of the disease. Abstract Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a multifactorial malignant tumor of the biliary tract, and the incidence of CCA is increasing in recent years. At present, the diagnosis of CCA mainly depends on imaging and invasive examination, with limited specificity and sensitivity and late detection. The early diagnosis of CCA always faces the dilemma of lacking specific diagnostic biomarkers. Non-invasive methods to assess the degree of CAA have been developed throughout the last decades. Among the many specimens looking for CCA biomarkers, bile has gotten a lot of attention lately. This paper mainly summarizes the recent developments in the current research on the diagnostic biomarkers for CCA in human bile at the levels of the gene, protein, metabolite, extracellular vesicles and volatile organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Bao
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic-Biliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116011, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic-Biliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic-Biliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Lu Miao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhaochao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guixin Zhang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian 116044, China
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic-Biliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116011, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (G.Z.)
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8
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Jia M, Wang Z. MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Ionizing Radiation Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:861451. [PMID: 35309926 PMCID: PMC8927810 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.861451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Accidental radiation exposures such as industrial accidents and nuclear catastrophes pose a threat to human health, and the potential or substantial injury caused by ionizing radiation (IR) from medical treatment that cannot be ignored. Although the mechanisms of IR-induced damage to various organs have been gradually investigated, medical treatment of irradiated individuals is still based on clinical symptoms. Hence, minimally invasive biomarkers that can predict radiation damage are urgently needed for appropriate medical management after radiation exposure. In the field of radiation biomarker, finding molecular biomarkers to assess different levels of radiation damage is an important direction. In recent years, microRNAs have been widely reported as several diseases’ biomarkers, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases, and microRNAs are also of interest to the ionizing radiation field as radiation response molecules, thus researchers are turning attention to the potential of microRNAs as biomarkers in tumor radiation response and the radiation toxicity prediction of normal tissues. In this review, we summarize the distribution of microRNAs, the progress on research of microRNAs as markers of IR, and make a hypothesis about the origin and destination of microRNAs in vivo after IR.
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Zuo J, Zhang Z, Li M, Yang Y, Zheng B, Wang P, Huang C, Zhou S. The crosstalk between reactive oxygen species and noncoding RNAs: from cancer code to drug role. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:30. [PMID: 35081965 PMCID: PMC8790843 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS), characterized by the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is an emerging hallmark of cancer. Tumorigenesis and development driven by ROS require an aberrant redox homeostasis, that activates onco-signaling and avoids ROS-induced programmed death by orchestrating antioxidant systems. These processes are revealed to closely associate with noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). On the basis of the available evidence, ncRNAs have been widely identified as multifarious modulators with the involvement of several key redox sensing pathways, such as NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling, therefore potentially becoming effective targets for cancer therapy. Furthermore, the vast majority of ncRNAs with property of easy detected in fluid samples (e.g., blood and urine) facilitate clinicians to monitor redox homeostasis, indicating a novel method for cancer diagnosis. Herein, focusing on carcinoma initiation, metastasis and chemoradiotherapy resistance, we aimed to discuss the ncRNAs-ROS network involved in cancer progression, and the potential clinical application as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Maomao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bohao Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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Li W, Nie A, Jin L, Cui Y, Xie N, Liang G. Long non-coding RNA terminal differentiation-induced non-coding RNA regulates cisplatin resistance of choroidal melanoma by positively modulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 via sponging microRNA-19b-3p. Bioengineered 2022; 13:3422-3433. [PMID: 35067169 PMCID: PMC8973966 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2014618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of long non-coding RNA terminal differentiation-induced non-coding RNA (TINCR) in cisplatin (DDP) resistance of choroidal melanoma (CM) and the potential molecular mechanisms. CM and non-CM tissues were collected from 60 CM patients. DDP-resistant CM cells were obtained by selection with linearly increased DDP treatment. The expression levels of TINCR, microR-19b-3p (miR-19b-3p), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK-2) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) assay was utilized to detect chemosensitivity and cell viability. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to detect apoptotic cells. The protein levels of Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved-caspase-3, ERK-2, and nuclear factor-kappa B p65 were measured by Western blot. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to determine the relationship among TINCR, miR-19b-3p, and ERK-2. The results showed that the levels of TINCR and ERK-2 were markedly increased in DDP-resistant CM tissues and cells, while miR-19b-3p level was significantly reduced. TINCR knockdown reduced DDP resistance and cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis, while TINCR overexpression exhibited opposite effects. TINCR and ERK-2 were direct targets of miR-19b-3p. Further experiments revealed that TINCR enhanced DDP resistance in CM cells by regulating the miR-19b-3p/ERK-2/NF-kb axis. Taken together, our study revealed a critical role of TINCR in regulating DDP resistance in CM and suggested that TINCR is a potential cisplatin-resistant CM therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 518000 P. R. China
| | - Aiqin Nie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 518000 P. R. China
| | - Longyu Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 518000 P. R. China
| | - Yubo Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 518000 P. R. China
| | - Ning Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 518000 P. R. China
| | - Gaohua Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationlities, Guangxi, Baise, 533000, China
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11
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Circulating MicroRNAs as Cancer Biomarkers in Liquid Biopsies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1385:23-73. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08356-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Cammarata G, de Miguel-Perez D, Russo A, Peleg A, Dolo V, Rolfo C, Taverna S. Emerging noncoding RNAs contained in extracellular vesicles: rising stars as biomarkers in lung cancer liquid biopsy. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221131229. [PMID: 36353504 PMCID: PMC9638531 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221131229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has a high morbidity and mortality rate, and affected patients have a
poor prognosis and low survival. The therapeutic approaches for lung cancer
treatment, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, are not completely
effective, due to late diagnosis. Although the identification of genetic drivers
has contributed to the improvement of lung cancer clinical management, the
discovery of new diagnostic and prognostic tools remains a critical issue.
Liquid biopsy (LB) represents a minimally invasive approach and practical
alternative source to investigate tumor-derived alterations and to facilitate
the selection of targeted therapies. LB allows for the testing of different
analytes such as circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs),
tumor-educated platelets, and cell-free nucleic acids including DNAs, RNAs, and
noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Several regulatory factors control the key cellular
oncogenic pathways involved in cancers. ncRNAs have a wide range of regulatory
effects in lung cancers. This review focuses on emerging regulatory ncRNAs,
freely circulating in body fluids or shuttled by EVs, such as circular-RNAs,
small nucleolar-RNAs, small nuclear-RNAs, and piwi-RNAs, as new biomarkers for
early detection, prognosis, and monitoring of therapeutic strategy of lung
cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cammarata
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Diego de Miguel-Perez
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Medical Oncology Unit, A.O. Papardo & Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ariel Peleg
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1079, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Simona Taverna
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, Palermo 90146, Italy
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13
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Khan MA, Vikramdeo KS, Sudan SK, Singh S, Wilhite A, Dasgupta S, Rocconi RP, Singh AP. Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: From drug resistance mechanisms to liquid biopsy-based biomarkers for disease management. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 77:99-109. [PMID: 34418576 PMCID: PMC8665066 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy is a major clinical challenge in ovarian cancer, contributing to the high mortality-to-incidence ratio. Management of the platinum-resistant disease has been difficult due to diverse underlying molecular mechanisms. Over the past several years, research has revealed several novel molecular targets that are being explored as biomarkers for treatment planning and monitoring of response. The therapeutic landscape of ovarian cancer is also rapidly evolving, and alternative therapies are becoming available for the recurrent platinum-resistant disease. This review provides a snapshot of platinum resistance mechanisms and discusses liquid-based biomarkers and their potential utility in effective management of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aslam Khan
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, United States; Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, United States
| | - Kunwar Somesh Vikramdeo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, United States; Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, United States
| | - Sarabjeet Kour Sudan
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, United States; Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, United States
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, United States; Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, United States
| | - Annelise Wilhite
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, United States
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, United States; Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, United States
| | - Rodney Paul Rocconi
- Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, United States
| | - Ajay Pratap Singh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, United States; Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, United States.
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14
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Ravegnini G, De Iaco P, Gorini F, Dondi G, Klooster I, De Crescenzo E, Bovicelli A, Hrelia P, Perrone AM, Angelini S. Role of Circulating miRNAs in Therapeutic Response in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Revision. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101316. [PMID: 34680433 PMCID: PMC8533254 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide, mostly due to nonspecific symptoms and a lack of screening tests, which, taken together, contribute to delayed diagnosis and treatment. The current clinical biomarker is serum CA-125, which allows the identification of most advanced primary and relapsed disease and correlates with disease burden; however, as well highlighted in the literature, CA-125 often lacks sensitivity and specificity, and is not helpful in monitoring chemotherapeutic response or in predicting the risk of relapse. Given that, the identification of novel biomarkers able to foster more precise medical approaches and the personalization of patient management represents an unmet clinical requirement. In this context, circulating miRNAs may represent an interesting opportunity as they can be easily detected in all biological fluids. This is particularly relevant when looking for non-invasive approaches that can be repeated over time, with no pain and stress for the oncological patient. Given that, the present review aims to describe the circulating miRNAs currently identified as associated with therapeutic treatments in OC and presents a complete overview of the available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ravegnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (P.H.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pierandrea De Iaco
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (P.D.I.); (G.D.); (E.D.C.); (A.B.); (A.M.P.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMEC, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie Ginecologiche, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Gorini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (P.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Giulia Dondi
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (P.D.I.); (G.D.); (E.D.C.); (A.B.); (A.M.P.)
| | - Isabella Klooster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Eugenia De Crescenzo
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (P.D.I.); (G.D.); (E.D.C.); (A.B.); (A.M.P.)
| | - Alessandro Bovicelli
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (P.D.I.); (G.D.); (E.D.C.); (A.B.); (A.M.P.)
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (P.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Anna Myriam Perrone
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (P.D.I.); (G.D.); (E.D.C.); (A.B.); (A.M.P.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMEC, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie Ginecologiche, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Angelini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (P.H.); (S.A.)
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15
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Ye M, Lin Y, Pan S, Wang ZW, Zhu X. Applications of Multi-omics Approaches for Exploring the Molecular Mechanism of Ovarian Carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:745808. [PMID: 34631583 PMCID: PMC8497990 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.745808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer ranks as the fifth most common cause of cancer-related death in females. The molecular mechanisms of ovarian carcinogenesis need to be explored in order to identify effective clinical therapies for ovarian cancer. Recently, multi-omics approaches have been applied to determine the mechanisms of ovarian oncogenesis at genomics (DNA), transcriptomics (RNA), proteomics (proteins), and metabolomics (metabolites) levels. Multi-omics approaches can identify some diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer, and these molecular signatures are beneficial for clarifying the development and progression of ovarian cancer. Moreover, the discovery of molecular signatures and targeted therapy strategies could noticeably improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhi-wei Wang
- Center of Uterine Cancer Diagnosis & Therapy Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Center of Uterine Cancer Diagnosis & Therapy Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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16
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Intratumour heterogeneity in microRNAs expression regulates glioblastoma metabolism. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15908. [PMID: 34354095 PMCID: PMC8342598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While specific microRNA (miRNA) signatures have been identified in glioblastoma (GBM), the intratumour heterogeneity in miRNA expression has not yet been characterised. In this study, we reveal significant alterations in miRNA expression across three GBM tumour regions: the core, rim, and invasive margin. Our miRNA profiling analysis showed that miR-330-5p and miR-215-5p were upregulated in the invasive margin relative to the core and the rim regions, while miR-619-5p, miR-4440 and miR-4793-3p were downregulated. Functional analysis of newly identified miRNAs suggests their involvement in regulating lipid metabolic pathways. Subsequent liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) profiling of the intracellular metabolome and the lipidome of GBM cells with dysregulated miRNA expression confirmed the alteration in the metabolite levels associated with lipid metabolism. The identification of regional miRNA expression signatures may underlie the metabolic heterogeneity within the GBM tumour and understanding this relationship may open new avenues for the GBM treatment.
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17
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Baraniak D, Boryski J. Triazole-Modified Nucleic Acids for the Application in Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry. Biomedicines 2021; 9:628. [PMID: 34073038 PMCID: PMC8229351 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review covers studies which exploit triazole-modified nucleic acids in the range of chemistry and biology to medicine. The 1,2,3-triazole unit, which is obtained via click chemistry approach, shows valuable and unique properties. For example, it does not occur in nature, constitutes an additional pharmacophore with attractive properties being resistant to hydrolysis and other reactions at physiological pH, exhibits biological activity (i.e., antibacterial, antitumor, and antiviral), and can be considered as a rigid mimetic of amide linkage. Herein, it is presented a whole area of useful artificial compounds, from the clickable monomers and dimers to modified oligonucleotides, in the field of nucleic acids sciences. Such modifications of internucleotide linkages are designed to increase the hybridization binding affinity toward native DNA or RNA, to enhance resistance to nucleases, and to improve ability to penetrate cell membranes. The insertion of an artificial backbone is used for understanding effects of chemically modified oligonucleotides, and their potential usefulness in therapeutic applications. We describe the state-of-the-art knowledge on their implications for synthetic genes and other large modified DNA and RNA constructs including non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Baraniak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland;
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18
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Turanli B, Yildirim E, Gulfidan G, Arga KY, Sinha R. Current State of "Omics" Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:127. [PMID: 33672926 PMCID: PMC7918884 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal malignancies and the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths related to late diagnosis, poor survival rates, and high incidence of metastasis. Unfortunately, pancreatic cancer is predicted to become the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the future. Therefore, diagnosis at the early stages of pancreatic cancer for initial diagnosis or postoperative recurrence is a great challenge, as well as predicting prognosis precisely in the context of biomarker discovery. From the personalized medicine perspective, the lack of molecular biomarkers for patient selection confines tailored therapy options, including selecting drugs and their doses or even diet. Currently, there is no standardized pancreatic cancer screening strategy using molecular biomarkers, but CA19-9 is the most well known marker for the detection of pancreatic cancer. In contrast, recent innovations in high-throughput techniques have enabled the discovery of specific biomarkers of cancers using genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, glycomics, and metagenomics. Panels combining CA19-9 with other novel biomarkers from different "omics" levels might represent an ideal strategy for the early detection of pancreatic cancer. The systems biology approach may shed a light on biomarker identification of pancreatic cancer by integrating multi-omics approaches. In this review, we provide background information on the current state of pancreatic cancer biomarkers from multi-omics stages. Furthermore, we conclude this review on how multi-omics data may reveal new biomarkers to be used for personalized medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beste Turanli
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; (B.T.); (E.Y.); (G.G.)
| | - Esra Yildirim
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; (B.T.); (E.Y.); (G.G.)
| | - Gizem Gulfidan
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; (B.T.); (E.Y.); (G.G.)
| | - Kazim Yalcin Arga
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; (B.T.); (E.Y.); (G.G.)
- Turkish Institute of Public Health and Chronic Diseases, 34718 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Raghu Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Yang J, Wang WG, Zhang KQ. LINC00452 promotes ovarian carcinogenesis through increasing ROCK1 by sponging miR-501-3p and suppressing ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21129-21146. [PMID: 33168781 PMCID: PMC7695380 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer refers to all sorts of cancerous growth that starts from the ovary. Dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is associated with ovarian cancer development and progression. Cellular expression and localization of LINC00452 in ovarian cancer cells were detected by qPCR and FISH. The roles of LINC00452 in ovarian carcinogenesis were characterized by MTT, transwell and colony-formation assays in vitro as well as xenograft mouse model. The underlying mechanism was explored by microarray, RIP, Co-IP and luciferase reporter assays. This study identified a novel lncRNA LINC00452 being elevated in both ovarian cancer cells and tumor tissues in patients. Such aberrant expression of LINC00452 was negatively correlated with relapse-free survival of ovarian cancer patients. Overexpression of LINC00452 potentiated CaOV3 cell viability, migration and invasion in vitro as well as xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Evidence from the current study suggests that the carcinogenicity of LINC00452 is partially due to competitive sponging of miR-501-3p followed with release of repression on the ROCK1, a key effector in Rho signaling pathway. Irrespective of its miRNA sponge function, LINC00452 is capable of preventing ROCK1 protein from ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation via their mutual physical interaction. Our study makes LINC00452 a potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology Ward 5, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Gang Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology Ward 5, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology Ward 5, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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20
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Zhang X, Xie K, Zhou H, Wu Y, Li C, Liu Y, Liu Z, Xu Q, Liu S, Xiao D, Tao Y. Role of non-coding RNAs and RNA modifiers in cancer therapy resistance. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:47. [PMID: 32122355 PMCID: PMC7050132 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As the standard treatments for cancer, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been widely applied to clinical practice worldwide. However, the resistance to cancer therapies is a major challenge in clinics and scientific research, resulting in tumor recurrence and metastasis. The mechanisms of therapy resistance are complicated and result from multiple factors. Among them, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), along with their modifiers, have been investigated to play key roles in regulating tumor development and mediating therapy resistance within various cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, etc. In this review, we attempt to elucidate the mechanisms underlying ncRNA/modifier-modulated resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, providing some therapeutic potential points for future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Honghua Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Chan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yating Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zhaoya Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
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21
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Pratama MY, Cavalletto L, Tiribelli C, Chemello L, Pascut D. Selection and validation of miR-1280 as a suitable endogenous normalizer for qRT-PCR Analysis of serum microRNA expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3128. [PMID: 32081930 PMCID: PMC7035418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Normalization procedures for the qRT-PCR analysis of miRNA in biological samples are recommended to reduce the variability caused by pre-analytical factors. Since there is no universal standardized normalization strategy for miRNA qRT-PCR studies, we conducted a throughout study to evaluate a panel of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) as reference gene candidate for biomarker studies in serum samples of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Five sncRNAs (miR-1280, miR-1275, SNORD-116, SNORD-68, and U6) were chosen as candidate of reference genes. This study included 122 patients with HCC and was organized into a "pilot phase" consisting of 20 serum samples of HCC patients, and a "validation phase" of 102 patients. Expression level of these candidates were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Assessment of gene stability was performed using four different integrative platforms (geNorm NormFinder, Bestkeeper, and the Delta Ct method). To determine the gene stability during the follow-up of the patient, we extend the analysis of the validation cohort at T1 (1 month after treatment) and T2 (6 month after treatment). MiR-1280 was identified as the most stably expressed reference gene in both pilot and validation phase also during the follow-up. MiR-1280 appears a reliable reference gene candidate in biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yogi Pratama
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato - ONLUS, Liver Research Center, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Universitas Hasanuddin, Faculty of Medicine, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Luisa Cavalletto
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato - ONLUS, Liver Research Center, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Liliana Chemello
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Devis Pascut
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato - ONLUS, Liver Research Center, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
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22
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer has the worst survival rate because it is typically diagnosed at advanced stage. Despite treatment, the disease commonly recurs due to chemo-resistance. Liquid biopsy, based on minimally invasive blood tests, has the advantage of following tumor evolution in real time, offering novel insights on cancer prevention and treatment. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating cell-free microRNAs (cfmiRNAs) and circulating exosomes represent the major components of liquid biopsy. In this chapter, we provide an overview of recent research on CTCs, ctDNA, cfmiRNAs and exosomes in ovarian cancer. We also focus on the clinical value of liquid biopsy in early diagnosis, prognosis, treatment response, as well as screening in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Giannopoulou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, University Campus, Athens, Greece
| | - Evi S Lianidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, University Campus, Athens, Greece.
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23
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Rahman MM, Lai YC, Husna AA, Chen HW, Tanaka Y, Kawaguchi H, Hatai H, Miyoshi N, Nakagawa T, Fukushima R, Miura N. Aberrantly expressed snoRNA, snRNA, piRNA and tRFs in canine melanoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:353-361. [PMID: 31769925 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs/sRNAs), the functional regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been studied in canine oral melanoma (COM). However, the expression level of other sncRNAs, like small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), in COM is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate sncRNAs other than miRNAs in COM from our small RNA sequencing project (PRJNA516252). We found that several snRNAs and piRNAs were upregulated, whereas tRFs and snoRNAs were downregulated in COM. Upregulation of U1 snRNA and piR-972, and downregulation of tRNA-ser (1) and snoRA24 was confirmed in dog melanoma tissue and cell lines by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Consistently, the expression of tRNA-ser (1) and snoRA24 in plasma of COM cases was also decreased. Finally, we found a similar expression trend of U1 and snoRA24 in the human cutaneous melanoma cell line, MEWO, compared with human epidermal melanocyte cells (HEMa-Lp). In our study, snRNA, snoRNA, tRFs and piRNA were dysregulated during melanoma progression. Moreover, the melanoma-associated expression of U1 and snoRA24 was similar in human and dog melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahfuzur Rahman
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yu-Chang Lai
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Al Asmaul Husna
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hui-Wen Chen
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuiko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kawaguchi
- Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hatai
- Department of Veterinary Histopathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Noriaki Miyoshi
- Department of Veterinary Histopathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Fukushima
- Animal Medical Centre, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Miura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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24
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MicroRNA Regulation of the Autotaxin-Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091369. [PMID: 31540086 PMCID: PMC6770380 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The revelation that microRNAs (miRNAs) exist within the human genome uncovered an underappreciated mechanism of gene expression. For cells to regulate expression of their genes, miRNA molecules and argonaute proteins bind to mRNAs and interfere with efficient translation of the RNA transcript. Although miRNAs have important roles in normal tissues, miRNAs may adopt aberrant functions in malignant cells depending on their classification as either a tumor suppressor or oncogenic miRNA. Within this review, the current status of miRNA regulation is described in the context of signaling through the lysophosphatidic acid receptors, including the lysophosphatidic acid-producing enzyme, autotaxin. Thus far, research has revealed miRNAs that increase in response to lysophosphatidic acid stimulation, such as miR-21, miR-30c-2-3p, and miR-122. Other miRNAs inhibit the translation of lysophosphatidic acid receptors, such as miR-15b, miR-23a, and miR200c, or proteins that are downstream of lysophosphatidic acid signaling, such as miR-146 and miR-21. With thousands of miRNAs still uncharacterized, it is anticipated that the complex regulation of lysophosphatidic acid signaling by miRNAs will continue to be elucidated. RNA-based therapeutics have entered the clinic with enormous potential in precision medicine. This exciting field is rapidly emerging and it will be fascinating to witness its expansion in scope.
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25
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Madadi S, Schwarzenbach H, Lorenzen J, Soleimani M. MicroRNA expression studies: challenge of selecting reliable reference controls for data normalization. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3497-3514. [PMID: 31089747 PMCID: PMC11105490 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accurate determination of microRNA expression levels is a prerequisite in using these small non-coding RNA molecules as novel biomarkers in disease diagnosis and prognosis. Quantitative PCR is the method of choice for measuring the expression levels of microRNAs. However, a major obstacle that affects the reliability of results is the lack of validated reference controls for data normalization. Various non-coding RNAs have previously been used as reference controls, but their use may lead to variations and lack of comparability of microRNA data among the studies. Despite the growing number of studies investigating microRNA profiles to discriminate between healthy and disease stages, robust reference controls for data normalization have so far not been established. In the present article, we provide an overview of different reference controls used in various diseases, and highlight the urgent need for the identification of suitable reference controls to produce reliable data. Our analysis shows, among others, that RNU6 is not an ideal normalizer in studies using patient material from different diseases. Finally, our article tries to disclose the challenges to find a reference control which is uniformly and stably expressed across all body tissues, fluids, and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Madadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Heidi Schwarzenbach
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johan Lorenzen
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Meysam Soleimani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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26
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Dvinge H, Guenthoer J, Porter PL, Bradley RK. RNA components of the spliceosome regulate tissue- and cancer-specific alternative splicing. Genome Res 2019; 29:1591-1604. [PMID: 31434678 PMCID: PMC6771400 DOI: 10.1101/gr.246678.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs plays a pivotal role during the establishment and maintenance of human cell types. Characterizing the trans-acting regulatory proteins that control alternative splicing has therefore been the focus of much research. Recent work has established that even core protein components of the spliceosome, which are required for splicing to proceed, can nonetheless contribute to splicing regulation by modulating splice site choice. We here show that the RNA components of the spliceosome likewise influence alternative splicing decisions. Although these small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), termed U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6 snRNA, are present in equal stoichiometry within the spliceosome, we found that their relative levels vary by an order of magnitude during development, across tissues, and across cancer samples. Physiologically relevant perturbation of individual snRNAs drove widespread gene-specific differences in alternative splicing but not transcriptome-wide splicing failure. Genes that were particularly sensitive to variations in snRNA abundance in a breast cancer cell line model were likewise preferentially misspliced within a clinically diverse cohort of invasive breast ductal carcinomas. As aberrant mRNA splicing is prevalent in many cancers, we propose that a full understanding of such dysregulated pre-mRNA processing requires study of snRNAs, as well as protein splicing factors. Together, our data show that the RNA components of the spliceosome are not merely basal factors, as has long been assumed. Instead, these noncoding RNAs constitute a previously uncharacterized layer of regulation of alternative splicing, and contribute to the establishment of global splicing programs in both healthy and malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Dvinge
- Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Jamie Guenthoer
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Peggy L Porter
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Robert K Bradley
- Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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27
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Pardini B, Sabo AA, Birolo G, Calin GA. Noncoding RNAs in Extracellular Fluids as Cancer Biomarkers: The New Frontier of Liquid Biopsies. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1170. [PMID: 31416190 PMCID: PMC6721601 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The last two decades of cancer research have been devoted in two directions: (1) understanding the mechanism of carcinogenesis for an effective treatment, and (2) improving cancer prevention and screening for early detection of the disease. This last aspect has been developed, especially for certain types of cancers, thanks also to the introduction of new concepts such as liquid biopsies and precision medicine. In this context, there is a growing interest in the application of alternative and noninvasive methodologies to search for cancer biomarkers. The new frontiers of the research lead to a search for RNA molecules circulating in body fluids. Searching for biomarkers in extracellular body fluids represents a better option for patients because they are easier to access, less painful, and potentially more economical. Moreover, the possibility for these types of samples to be taken repeatedly, allows a better monitoring of the disease progression or treatment efficacy for a better intervention and dynamic treatment of the patient, which is the fundamental basis of personalized medicine. RNA molecules, freely circulating in body fluids or packed in microvesicles, have all the characteristics of the ideal biomarkers owing to their high stability under storage and handling conditions and being able to be sampled several times for monitoring. Moreover, as demonstrated for many cancers, their plasma/serum levels mirror those in the primary tumor. There are a large variety of RNA species noncoding for proteins that could be used as cancer biomarkers in liquid biopsies. Among them, the most studied are microRNAs, but recently the attention of the researcher has been also directed towards Piwi-interacting RNAs, circular RNAs, and other small noncoding RNAs. Another class of RNA species, the long noncoding RNAs, is larger than microRNAs and represents a very versatile and promising group of molecules which, apart from their use as biomarkers, have also a possible therapeutic role. In this review, we will give an overview of the most common noncoding RNA species detectable in extracellular fluids and will provide an update concerning the situation of the research on these molecules as cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pardini
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy.
- Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Exposome, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Alexandru Anton Sabo
- Department of Pediatrics, Marie Curie Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 077120 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Giovanni Birolo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Exposome, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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28
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Liquid Biopsies for Ovarian Carcinoma: How Blood Tests May Improve the Clinical Management of a Deadly Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2019. [PMID: 31167492 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060774]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers (OvC) are frequent, with more than 22,000 new cases each year for 14,000 deaths in the United States. Except for patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, diagnostic methods, prognostic tools, and therapeutic strategies have not much improved in the last two decades. High throughput tumor molecular analyses have identified important alterations involved in ovarian carcinoma growth and spreading. However, these data have not modified the clinical management of most of patients. Moreover, tumor sample collection requires invasive procedures not adapted to objectives, such as the screening, prediction, or assessment of treatment efficacy, monitoring of residual disease, and early diagnosis of relapse. In recent years, circulating tumor biomarkers (also known as "liquid biopsies") such as circulating tumor cells, circulating nucleotides (DNA or miRNA), or extracellular vesicles, have been massively explored through various indications, platforms, and goals, but their use has not yet been validated in routine practice. This review describes the methods of analysis and results related to liquid biopsies for ovarian epithelial cancer. The different settings that a patient can go through during her journey with OvC are explored: screening and early diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of response to systemic therapies for advanced stages, and monitoring of residual subclinical disease.
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29
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Mari R, Mamessier E, Lambaudie E, Provansal M, Birnbaum D, Bertucci F, Sabatier R. Liquid Biopsies for Ovarian Carcinoma: How Blood Tests May Improve the Clinical Management of a Deadly Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E774. [PMID: 31167492 PMCID: PMC6627130 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers (OvC) are frequent, with more than 22,000 new cases each year for 14,000 deaths in the United States. Except for patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, diagnostic methods, prognostic tools, and therapeutic strategies have not much improved in the last two decades. High throughput tumor molecular analyses have identified important alterations involved in ovarian carcinoma growth and spreading. However, these data have not modified the clinical management of most of patients. Moreover, tumor sample collection requires invasive procedures not adapted to objectives, such as the screening, prediction, or assessment of treatment efficacy, monitoring of residual disease, and early diagnosis of relapse. In recent years, circulating tumor biomarkers (also known as "liquid biopsies") such as circulating tumor cells, circulating nucleotides (DNA or miRNA), or extracellular vesicles, have been massively explored through various indications, platforms, and goals, but their use has not yet been validated in routine practice. This review describes the methods of analysis and results related to liquid biopsies for ovarian epithelial cancer. The different settings that a patient can go through during her journey with OvC are explored: screening and early diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of response to systemic therapies for advanced stages, and monitoring of residual subclinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Mari
- CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
- CRCM-Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Emilie Mamessier
- CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Eric Lambaudie
- CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
- CRCM-Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Magali Provansal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - François Bertucci
- CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
- CRCM-Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Renaud Sabatier
- CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
- CRCM-Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
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30
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Mari R, Mamessier E, Lambaudie E, Provansal M, Birnbaum D, Bertucci F, Sabatier R. Liquid Biopsies for Ovarian Carcinoma: How Blood Tests May Improve the Clinical Management of a Deadly Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2019. [PMID: 31167492 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060774] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers (OvC) are frequent, with more than 22,000 new cases each year for 14,000 deaths in the United States. Except for patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, diagnostic methods, prognostic tools, and therapeutic strategies have not much improved in the last two decades. High throughput tumor molecular analyses have identified important alterations involved in ovarian carcinoma growth and spreading. However, these data have not modified the clinical management of most of patients. Moreover, tumor sample collection requires invasive procedures not adapted to objectives, such as the screening, prediction, or assessment of treatment efficacy, monitoring of residual disease, and early diagnosis of relapse. In recent years, circulating tumor biomarkers (also known as "liquid biopsies") such as circulating tumor cells, circulating nucleotides (DNA or miRNA), or extracellular vesicles, have been massively explored through various indications, platforms, and goals, but their use has not yet been validated in routine practice. This review describes the methods of analysis and results related to liquid biopsies for ovarian epithelial cancer. The different settings that a patient can go through during her journey with OvC are explored: screening and early diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of response to systemic therapies for advanced stages, and monitoring of residual subclinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Mari
- CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
- CRCM-Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Emilie Mamessier
- CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Eric Lambaudie
- CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
- CRCM-Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Magali Provansal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - François Bertucci
- CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
- CRCM-Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Renaud Sabatier
- CRCM-Predictive Oncology laboratory, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
- CRCM-Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, 232 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
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31
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Liquid biopsy in ovarian cancer: the potential of circulating miRNAs and exosomes. Transl Res 2019; 205:77-91. [PMID: 30391474 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer still remains the most lethal female cancer, since in most cases it is diagnosed at an advanced stage. Usually after completion of primary treatment chemoresistance occurs, and recurrent disease is finally observed. Liquid biopsy, based on minimally invasive and serial blood tests, has the advantage of following tumor evolution in real time, offering novel insights on precision medicine. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating cell-free microRNAs (cfmiRNAs) and circulating exosomes represent the major components of liquid biopsy analysis. Liquid biopsy has been already implemented in ovarian cancer, and most studies so far are mainly focused on CTCs and ctDNA. This review is mainly focused on the clinical potential of circulating miRNAs and exosomes as a source of liquid biopsy biomarkers in ovarian cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment.
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32
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Sole C, Arnaiz E, Manterola L, Otaegui D, Lawrie CH. The circulating transcriptome as a source of cancer liquid biopsy biomarkers. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 58:100-108. [PMID: 30684535 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive biomarkers or liquid biopsies have the potential to revolutionise cancer patient management as repeated sampling allows real-time monitoring of disease progression and response to treatment. This allows for earlier intervention and dynamic treatment management; both cornerstones of personalised medicine. The circulating transcriptome represents a rich source of potential cancer biomarkers that includes many classes of RNA, both coding and non-coding, that are only now beginning to be explored. In particular the increasing power and availability of RNAseq techniques have pushed studies beyond circulating miRNAs, to other classes of RNA including mRNA, snRNA, snoRNA, piRNA, YRNA, lncRNA and circRNA. In this review we focus on the emerging potential for these different classes of RNA as cancer biomarkers, and in particular the barriers and limitations that remain to be overcome if these molecules are to become part of routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sole
- Molecular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Research Institute, Paseo Doctor Begiristain, s/n, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Esther Arnaiz
- Molecular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Research Institute, Paseo Doctor Begiristain, s/n, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Lorea Manterola
- Molecular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Research Institute, Paseo Doctor Begiristain, s/n, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - David Otaegui
- Multiple Sclerosis Group, Biodonostia Research Institute, Paseo Doctor Begiristain, s/n, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Charles H Lawrie
- Molecular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Research Institute, Paseo Doctor Begiristain, s/n, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz Haroko Kalea, 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
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Kuhlmann JD, Chebouti I, Kimmig R, Buderath P, Reuter M, Puppel SH, Wimberger P, Kasimir-Bauer S. Extracellular vesicle-associated miRNAs in ovarian cancer – design of an integrated NGS-based workflow for the identification of blood-based biomarkers for platinum-resistance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 57:1053-1062. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested as promising biomarkers for blood-based cancer diagnosis. However, one of the major limitations for the use of EVs with diagnostic purpose is the lack of standardized EV-profiling techniques. In this regard, the objective of our study was to design an integrated next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based workflow for analyzing the signature of EV-associated miRNA in the plasma of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients.
Methods
For EV-extraction, different enrichment methods were compared (ExoQuick vs. exoRNeasy). NGS was performed with the Illumina platform.
Results
We established an integrated NGS-based workflow, including EV-enrichment with the ExoQuick system, which resulted in an optimal RNA-yield and consistent small RNA libraries. We applied this workflow in a pilot cohort of clinically documented platinum-sensitive (n=15) vs. platinum-resistant (n=15) ovarian cancer patients, resulting in a panel of mature EV-associated miRNAs (including ovarian cancer associated miR-181a, miR-1908, miR-21, miR-486 and miR-223), which were differentially abundant in the plasma of platinum-resistant patients.
Conclusions
This is the first study, analyzing the profile of EV-associated miRNAs in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients. We provide rationale to further validate these miRNA candidates in an independent set of patients, in order to characterize their biomarker potential as predictors for platinum-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dominik Kuhlmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden , Dresden , Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Issam Chebouti
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University Hospital Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Rainer Kimmig
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University Hospital Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Paul Buderath
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University Hospital Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Michael Reuter
- Department of Diagnostics , Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Sven-Holger Puppel
- Department of Diagnostics , Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden , Dresden , Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University Hospital Essen , Essen , Germany
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Qin XG, Zeng JH, Lin P, Mo WJ, Li Q, Feng ZB, Luo DZ, Yang H, Chen G, Zeng JJ. Prognostic value of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) for digestive tract pan- adenocarcinomas identified by RNA sequencing data. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 215:414-426. [PMID: 30455130 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Malignant tumors of the digestive tract include esophageal, gastric, and colorectal carcinomas, which all have high global mortality rates. A clinical role for small nuclear RNA (snRNA), a type of small non-coding RNA, has not yet been documented for digestive tract pan-adenocarcinomas. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify differentially expressed snRNAs and to explore their prognostic implications in pan-adenocarcinomas from the esophagus, stomach, colon, and rectum. The pan-carcinoma RNA-sequencing data of four types of digestive tract cancers with 1, 102 cases obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project were analyzed and the differentially expressed snRNAs were evaluated using the edgeR package. The prognostic value of each of the selected snRNAs was determined by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. All the digestive tract pan-adenocarcinomas showed differential expression of three snRNAs: the up-regulated RNU1-106 P and RNU6-850 P and the down-regulated RNU6-529 P. Interestingly, RNU6-101 P appeared to be a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma (ESAD) and RNVU1-4 was potentially a protective factor for stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) survival. This consistent finding of differential expression of all three snRNAs in all four types of digestive system cancers suggests potential roles for these snRNAs in the tumorigenesis of digestive system cancers. RNU6-101 P could play a pivotal role in the progression of ESAD and RNVU1-4 could perform a protective role in STAD. However, since the current findings were based on RNA-sequencing data mining, more studies are needed for verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Gan Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, Nanning, PR China
| | - Jiang-Hui Zeng
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, Nanning, PR China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, Nanning, PR China
| | - Wei-Jia Mo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, Nanning, PR China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, Nanning, PR China
| | - Zhen-Bo Feng
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, Nanning, PR China
| | - Dian-Zhong Luo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, Nanning, PR China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, Nanning, PR China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, Nanning, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Zeng
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, Nanning, PR China.
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Zhou Q, Zuo MZ, He Z, Li HR, Li W. Identification of circulating microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for ovarian cancer:A pooled analysis of individual studies. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 33:1724600818766500. [PMID: 29683066 DOI: 10.1177/1724600818766500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are proposed as promising non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for many cancers. However, the diagnostic value of circulating miRNAs in ovarian cancer is inconsistent in different studies. Thus we performed this meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the diagnostic value of circulating miRNAs in ovarian cancer. METHODS Eligible studies that were published prior to 30 June 2017 were searched from the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. All analyses were performed using STATA 12.0 software. A bivariate regression was used to calculate pooled diagnostic accuracy estimates. RESULTS A total of 36 studies from 16 publications were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio of circulating miRNAs for ovarian cancer diagnosis were 0.76 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.69, 0.81), 0.81 (95% CI 0.74, 0.87), 4.00 (95% CI 2.70, 5.30), 0.30(95% CI 0.24, 0.37) and 13.00 (95% CI 9.00, 19.00), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.85 (95% CI 0.82, 0.88). Subgroup analyses showed that multiple miRNA assays yielded better diagnostic characteristics than a single miRNA assay, and plasma miRNAs were better than serum miRNAs for ovarian cancer detection. CONCLUSION Circulating miRNAs, especially the combination of multiple circulating miRNAs, are promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. However, further large-scale prospective studies are necessary to validate the applicability of the miRNAs in the early detection of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the People's Hospital of Three Gorges University/The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Man-Zhen Zuo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the People's Hospital of Three Gorges University/The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Ze He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the People's Hospital of Three Gorges University/The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Hai-Rong Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the People's Hospital of Three Gorges University/The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the People's Hospital of Three Gorges University/The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
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Liu K, Xuekelati S, Zhou K, Yan Z, Yang X, Inayat A, Wu J, Guo X. Expression Profiles of Six Atherosclerosis-Associated microRNAs That Cluster in Patients with Hyperhomocysteinemia: A Clinical Study. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:189-198. [PMID: 29461880 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to discuss the hypothesis that expression of plasma atherosclerosis-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) in hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) patients could predict the presence of atherosclerosis from different channels. Six plasma miRNAs (miR-145, miR-155, miR-222, miR-133, miR-217, and miR-30) selected for our study have been confirmed as critical gene regulators involved in atherosclerosis and can be steadily determined in plasma. Expression of the above six plasma circulating miRNAs revealed significant upregulation of two miRNAs (miR-133 and miR-217) and downregulation of three miRNAs (miR-145, miR-155, and miR-222). Six candidate miRNAs showed a significant correlation with homocysteine (Hcy) or lipid parameters. The results of this study indicated that miR-217 was further significantly upregulated in Hhcy + ATH groups than in normal control, Hhcy-, and atherosclerosis-alone (ATH) groups and it showed a significant negative correlation with Hcy and triglycerides. More specifically, miR-217 showed the most specific expression patterns in all patients with atherosclerosis (ATH and Hhcy + ATH groups), which may have been a diagnostic value for Hhcy complicated with atherosclerosis, and predicted the progress of atherosclerosis in Hhcy patients effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejian Liu
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China .,2 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi, China
| | - Saiyare Xuekelati
- 3 The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University , Shihezi, China
| | - Kang Zhou
- 2 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi, China
| | - Zhitao Yan
- 2 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi, China
| | - Xu Yang
- 2 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi, China
| | - Azeem Inayat
- 3 The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University , Shihezi, China
| | - Jiangdong Wu
- 3 The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University , Shihezi, China
| | - Xiaomei Guo
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
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Zaporozhchenko IA, Ponomaryova AA, Rykova EY, Laktionov PP. The potential of circulating cell-free RNA as a cancer biomarker: challenges and opportunities. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18:133-145. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1425143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A. Zaporozhchenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Centre of New Surgical Technologies, E.N. Meshalkin Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Ponomaryova
- Laboratory of Immunology, Tomsk Cancer Research Institute of SB RAMS, Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Applied Physics, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Elena Yu Rykova
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Centre of New Surgical Technologies, E.N. Meshalkin Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel P. Laktionov
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Centre of New Surgical Technologies, E.N. Meshalkin Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Li C, Qin F, Hu F, Xu H, Sun G, Han G, Wang T, Guo M. Characterization and selective incorporation of small non-coding RNAs in non-small cell lung cancer extracellular vesicles. Cell Biosci 2018; 8:2. [PMID: 29344346 PMCID: PMC5763536 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in intercellular communication through the delivery of their cargoes, which include proteins, lipids, and RNAs. Increasingly, multiple studies have reported the association between EV small non-coding RNAs and cancer, due to their regulatory functions in gene expression. Hence, analysis of the features of small non-coding RNA expression and their incorporation into EVs is important for cancer research. Results We performed deep sequencing to investigate the expression of small RNAs in plasma EVs from lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) patients, lung squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) patients, and healthy controls. Then, eighteen differently expressed miRNAs in plasma EVs was validated by QRT-PCR. The small RNA expression profiles of plasma EVs were different among lung ADC, SQCC patients, and healthy controls. And many small RNAs, including 5′ YRNA hY4-derived fragments, miR-451a, miR-122-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-30b-5p, and miR-665, were significantly upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) EVs. And the cell viability assays indicated that hY4-derived fragments inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer cell A549. By comparing the cellular and EV expression levels of six miRNAs in NSCLC cells, we found that miR-451a and miR-122-5p were significantly downregulated in NSCLC cell lysates, while significantly upregulated in NSCLC EVs. Conclusions The differently expressed EV small RNAs may serve as potential circulating biomarkers for the diagnosis of NSCLC. Particularly, YRNA hY4-derived fragments can serve as a novel class of biomarkers, which function as tumor suppressors in NSCLC. Additionally, miR-451a and miR-122-5p may be sorted into NSCLC EVs in a selective manner. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13578-018-0202-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Li
- 1Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Qin
- 1Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Hu
- 2Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- 2Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Guihong Sun
- 3School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Han
- 4Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, 116 Zhuodaoquan South Road, Wuhan, 430079 Hubei People's Republic of China.,5Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhangzhidong Street, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- 2Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxiong Guo
- 1Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei People's Republic of China
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Ishikawa H, Nobe Y, Izumikawa K, Taoka M, Yamauchi Y, Nakayama H, Simpson RJ, Isobe T, Takahash N. Truncated forms of U2 snRNA (U2-tfs) are shunted toward a novel uridylylation pathway that differs from the degradation pathway for U1-tfs. RNA Biol 2017; 15:261-268. [PMID: 29168419 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1408766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the biogenesis of U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein, a small population of U1 snRNA molecules acquires an extra methylation at the first transcribed nucleotide and a nucleolytic cleavage to remove the 3' structured region including the Sm protein-binding site and stem-loop 4. These modifications occur before hypermethylation of the monomethylated 5' cap, whereby producing truncated forms of U1 snRNA (U1-tfs) that are diverted from the normal pathway to a processing body-associated degradation pathway. Here, we demonstrate that a small population of U2 snRNA molecules receives post-transcriptional modifications similar to those of U1 to yield U2-tfs. Like U1-tfs, U2-tfs molecules were produced from transcripts of the U2 snRNA gene having all cis-elements or lacking the 3' box. Unlike U1-tfs, however, a portion of U2-tfs received additional uridylylation of up to 5 nucleotides in length at position 87 (designated as U2-tfs-polyU) and formed an Sm protein-binding site-like structure that was stabilized by the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein SmB/B' probably as a part of heptameric Sm core complex that associates to the RNA. Both U2-tfs and U2-tfs-polyU were degraded by a nuclease distinct from the canonical Dis3L2 by a process catalyzed by terminal uridylyltransferase 7. Collectively, our data suggest that U2 snRNA biogenesis is regulated, at least in part, by a novel degradation pathway to ensure that defective U2 molecules are not incorporated into the spliceosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Ishikawa
- a Department of Applied Biological Science , Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu-shi, Tokyo , Japan.,b Global Innovation Research Organization , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yuko Nobe
- c Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Hachiouji-shi, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Keiichi Izumikawa
- a Department of Applied Biological Science , Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu-shi, Tokyo , Japan.,b Global Innovation Research Organization , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masato Taoka
- c Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Hachiouji-shi, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamauchi
- c Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Hachiouji-shi, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakayama
- d Biomolecular Characterization Unit , RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , Wako , Saitama , Japan
| | - Richard J Simpson
- b Global Innovation Research Organization , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo , Japan.,e Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS) , La Trobe University , Melbourne Victoria , Australia
| | - Toshiaki Isobe
- c Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Hachiouji-shi, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Takahash
- a Department of Applied Biological Science , Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu-shi, Tokyo , Japan.,b Global Innovation Research Organization , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo , Japan
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Klotz DM, Wimberger P. Cells of origin of ovarian cancer: ovarian surface epithelium or fallopian tube? Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 296:1055-1062. [PMID: 28940023 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer in women and one of the leading causes of death from gynecological malignancies. Despite of its clinical importance, ovarian tumorigenesis is poorly understood and prognosis remains poor. This is particularly true for the most common type of ovarian cancer, high-grade serous ovarian cancer. RESULTS Two models are considered, whether it arises from the ovarian surface epithelium or from the fallopian tube. The first model is based on (1) the pro-inflammatory environment caused by ovulation events, (2) the expression pattern of ovarian inclusion cysts, and (3) biomarkers that are shared by the ovarian surface epithelium and malignant growth. The model suggesting a non-ovarian origin is based on (1) tubal precursor lesions, (2) genetic evidence of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, and (3) recent animal studies. Neither model has clearly demonstrated superiority over the other. Therefore, one can speculate that high-grade serous ovarian cancer may arise from two different sites that undergo similar changes. Both tissues are derived from the same embryologic origin, which may explain how progenitor cells from different sites can respond similar to stimuli within the ovaries. However, distinct molecular drivers, such as BRCA deficiency, may still preferentially arise from one site of origin as precancerous mutations are frequently seen in the fallopian tube. CONCLUSIONS Confirming the origin of ovarian cancer has important clinical implications when deciding on cancer risk-reducing prophylactic surgery. It will be important to identify key biomarker to uncover the sequence of ovarian tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martin Klotz
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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41
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Jackowiak P, Hojka-Osinska A, Philips A, Zmienko A, Budzko L, Maillard P, Budkowska A, Figlerowicz M. Small RNA fragments derived from multiple RNA classes - the missing element of multi-omics characteristics of the hepatitis C virus cell culture model. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:502. [PMID: 28666407 PMCID: PMC5493846 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3891-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pool of small RNA fragments (RFs) derived from diverse cellular RNAs has recently emerged as a rich source of functionally relevant molecules. Although their formation and accumulation has been connected to various stress conditions, the knowledge on RFs produced upon viral infections is very limited. Here, we applied the next generation sequencing (NGS) to characterize RFs generated in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) cell culture model (HCV-permissive Huh-7.5 cell line). RESULTS We found that both infected and non-infected cells contained a wide spectrum of RFs derived from virtually all RNA classes. A significant fraction of identified RFs accumulated to similar levels as miRNAs. Our analysis, focused on RFs originating from constitutively expressed non-coding RNAs, revealed three major patterns of parental RNA cleavage. We found that HCV infection induced significant changes in the accumulation of low copy number RFs, while subtly altered the levels of high copy number ones. Finally, the candidate RFs potentially relevant for host-virus interactions were identified. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that RFs should be considered an important component of the Huh-7.5 transcriptome and suggest that the main factors influencing the RF biogenesis are the RNA structure and RNA protection by interacting proteins. The data presented here significantly complement the existing transcriptomic, miRnomic, proteomic and metabolomic characteristics of the HCV cell culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Jackowiak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Hojka-Osinska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Philips
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zmienko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland.,Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3A, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Lucyna Budzko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Patrick Maillard
- Institut Pasteur, Hepacivirus and Innate Immunity, CNRS, UMR3569, 75724, Paris, France
| | - Agata Budkowska
- Institut Pasteur, Hepacivirus and Innate Immunity, CNRS, UMR3569, 75724, Paris, France.,Scientific Advisor for the Department of International Affairs, Institut Pasteur, 75724, Paris, France
| | - Marek Figlerowicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland. .,Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3A, 60-965, Poznan, Poland.
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Liu K, Xuekelati S, Zhang Y, Yin Y, Li Y, Chai R, Li X, Peng Y, Wu J, Guo X. Expression levels of atherosclerosis-associated miR-143 and miR-145 in the plasma of patients with hyperhomocysteinaemia. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2017. [PMID: 28633641 PMCID: PMC5477732 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-017-0596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An elevated level of homocysteine (Hcy) in the blood is designated hyperhomocysteinaemia (Hhcy) and is regarded as a strong risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis (ATH), although the association remains controversial. Considered to be essential gene expression regulators, micro-RNAs (miRNAs) modulate cardiovascular disease development and thus can be regarded as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis. The aim of the current study is to investigate the expression levels of atherosclerosis-associated miR-143 and miR-145 in Hhcy patients and predict the progress of atherosclerosis in Hhcy patients. Methods A total of 100 participants were enrolled and included normal control subjects (NC = 20), hyperhomocysteinaemia alone subjects (Hhcy = 25), hyperhomocysteinaemia and carotid artery atherosclerosis combined subjects (Hhcy + ATH = 30) and patients with standalone carotid artery atherosclerosis (ATH = 25). Plasma Hcy, supplementary biochemical parameters and carotid artery ultrasonography (USG) were measured in all participants. MicroRNA expression levels in the peripheral blood were calculated by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The correlations of miR-143 and miR-145 with Hcy, blood lipid parameters and carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to evaluate the capacities of miR-143 and miR-145 for the detection of Hhcy and atherosclerosis patients. Results MiR-143 and miR-145 exhibited trends towards significance with stepwise decreases from the NC to Hhcy groups and then to the Hhcy + ATH and ATH groups. Similar results were observed in the carotid artery plaque group (Hhcy + ATH and ATH grups) compared with the no-plaque group (NC and Hhcy groups). The miR-143 expression level exhibited significant negative correlations with Hcy, total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). The miR-145 expression level exhibited significant negative correlations with Hcy, TC, triglyceride (TG) and LDL-c. MiR-143 and miR-145 exhibited the greatest area under the curves (AUCs) (0.775 and 0.681, respectively) for the detection of every Hhcy patient, including those in the Hhcy and Hhcy + ATH groups, from among all subjects. Conclusion The results indicated that the levels of atherosclerosis-associated circulating miR-143 and miR-145 are linked to Hhcy. MiR-143 may be used as a potential non-invasive biomarkers of Hhcy and thus may be helpful in predicting the progress of atherosclerosis in Hhcy patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12872-017-0596-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Saiyare Xuekelati
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Yin Yin
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Rui Chai
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yi Peng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiangdong Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.
| | - Xiaomei Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Loosen SH, Neumann UP, Trautwein C, Roderburg C, Luedde T. Current and future biomarkers for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317692231. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317692231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sven H Loosen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), Division of GI Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf P Neumann
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), Division of GI Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), Division of GI Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), Division of GI Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Comprehensive analysis on diagnostic value of circulating miRNAs for patients with ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66620-66628. [PMID: 29029542 PMCID: PMC5630442 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic accuracy of circulating miRNA for patients with ovarian cancer. We systematically searched several online databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang from inception to February 20, 2017. We used the bivariate mixed-effect models to pool positive likelihood ratios, negative likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratios and their 95% CI confidence intervals (CIs). We used the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 for quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. This meta-analysis included ten studies with the number of 1356 participants. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.75 (95%CI: 0.69-0.80) and 0.75 (95%CI: 0.69-0.81). We also calculated the positive likelihood ratios (3.03, 95%CI: 2.44-3.76), and negative likelihood ratios (0.33, 95%CI: 0.27-0.41). The diagnostic odds ratio was 9.09 (95%CI: 6.51-12.69). The summary receiver operator characteristic was 0.82 (95%CI: 0.78-0.85). Sensitivity analysis showed similar results. No publication bias existed (t=0.380, P=0.712). The diagnostic ability of miRNAs were moderate for ovarian cancer. Further research was required to obtain accurate results.
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Biersack B. Interactions between anticancer active platinum complexes and non-coding RNAs/microRNAs. Noncoding RNA Res 2017; 2:1-17. [PMID: 30159416 PMCID: PMC6096430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum(II) complexes such as cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are clinically approved for the therapy of various solid tumors. Challenging pathogenic properties of cancer cells and the response of cancers towards platinum-based drugs are strongly influenced by non-coding small RNA molecules, the microRNAs (miRNAs). Both increased platinum activity and formation of tumor resistance towards platinum drugs are controlled by miRNAs. This review gives an overview of the interactions between platinum-based drugs and miRNAs, and their influence on platinum activity in various cancer types is discussed.
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Key Words
- 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil
- Anticancer drugs
- CBDCA, cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate
- Carboplatin
- Cisplatin
- DACH, 1,2-diaminocyclohexane
- DDP, cisplatin
- EGCG, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate
- EOX, epirubicin/oxaliplatin/xeloda
- FOLFOX, folinate/5-FU/oxaliplatin
- GC, gemcitabine/cisplatin, gastric cancer
- LNA, locked nucleic acid
- MVAC, methotrexate/vinblastine/adriamycin/cisplatin
- MicroRNA
- Oxaliplatin
- Platinum complexes
- XELOX, xeloda/oxaliplatin
- dTTP, deoxythymidine triphosphate
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Huang Y, Tang S, Huang C, Chen J, Li J, Cai A, Feng Y. Circulating miRNA29 family expression levels in patients with essential hypertension as potential markers for left ventricular hypertrophy. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 39:119-125. [PMID: 28287884 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2016.1226889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of microRNAs (miRs,miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, as well as their diagnostic potential, has recently attracted much attention. However, target-organ damage (TOD) of hypertension remains a substantial challenge due to the lack of specific biomarkers. The present study was undertaken to identify and validate the potential of circulating miRs as novel biomarkers for TOD. METHODS We assessed the expression levels of miR-29a, miR-29b, and miR-29c in 54 patients with untreated essential hypertension and 30 healthy individuals. All patients underwent two-dimensional echocardiography, office, and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of selected miRs. The expression level of miR-29a, miR-29b, and miR-29c correlations between blood pressure and echocardiography parameters were assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS We observed higher expression levels of miR-29a (31.50 ± 3.90 vs 26.55 ± 1.74; p < 0.001), miR-29b (32.31 ± 2.85vs 27.21 ± 1.59; p < 0.001), and miR-29c (31.13 ± 3.42 vs 25.96 ± 1.88; p < 0.001) in hypertensive patients compared with healthy control individuals. In hypertension patients, 25 patients were left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), miR-29a (32.82 ± 4.06 vs 30.07 ± 3.68; p = 0.012), miR-29b (33.27 ± 2.84 vs 30.71 ± 3.04; p = 0.02), and miR-29c (32.33 ± 3.52 vs 29.55 ± 3.46; p = 0.005) in LVH patients compared with nLVH patients. We found miR-29a, miR-29b, and miR-29c expression levels showed significant positive correlations with office SBP (p = 0.579, p < 0.001; r = 0.576, p < 0.001; r = 0.598, p < 0.001), office DBP (p = 0.243, p = 0.026; r = 0.304, p = 0.005; r = 0.287, p = 0.008), office PP(r = 0.49, p < 0.001; r = 0.442, p < 0.001; r = 0.479, p < 0.001), 24 h mean SBP(p = 0.511, p < 0.001; r = 0.6, p < 0.001; r = 0.533, p < 0.001), 24 h mean DBP (p = 0. 304, p = 0.005; r = 0.283, p = 0.009; r = 0.340, p = 0.002), and 24 h mean PP (p = 0.385, p < 0.001; r = 0. 506, p < 0.001; r = 0.386, p < 0.001), respectively. The expression levels of miR-29a, miR-29b, and miR-29c were positively related to LVMI (r = 0.65, p < 0.001; r = 0.715, p < 0.001; r = 0.654, p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION Circulating the miR-29 family may possibly represent potential non-invasive markers of hypertension and TOD in essential hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Huang
- a Department of Cardiology , Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Songtao Tang
- b Community Health Center of Liaobu County , Donguang , Guangdong , China
| | - Cheng Huang
- a Department of Cardiology , Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jiyan Chen
- a Department of Cardiology , Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jie Li
- a Department of Cardiology , Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Anping Cai
- a Department of Cardiology , Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yingqing Feng
- a Department of Cardiology , Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
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Huang Y, Chen J, Zhou Y, Tang S, Li J, Yu X, Mo Y, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Feng Y. Circulating miR155 expression level is positive with blood pressure parameters: Potential markers of target-organ damage. Clin Exp Hypertens 2016; 38:331-6. [PMID: 27028953 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2015.1116551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship of miR155 with office and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) parameters and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with hypertension and healthy controls. METHODS We assessed the expression level of the miR155 in 50 patients with essential hypertension and 30 healthy individuals. All patients underwent two-dimensional echocardiography, office BP monitoring and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of selected miR155. The miR155 correlations between BP parameters and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS We observed higher expression level of miR155 (33.22 ± 2.59 vs. 27.30 ± 1.76; p < 0.001) in hypertensive patients compared with healthy control individuals, as well as in LVH to nLVH group (33.00 ± 2.78 vs. 27.28 ± 1.76; p < 0.001). MiR155 expression level showed significant positive correlations with office measurement of systolic blood pressure (SBP) (r = 0.634, p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (r = 0.222, p < 0.05), pulse pressure (PP) (r = 0.564, p < 0.001), respectively. And explored miR155 expression level in relation to 24-h ABPM parameters showed significant positive correlation with 24 h mean SBP (r = 0.67, p < 0.001), 24 h mean DBP (r = 0.257, p < 0.05), 24 h mean PP (r = 0.597, p < 0.001), respectively, as well as with LVMI (r = 0.591, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Circulating miR155 may possibly represent potential non-invasive marker of hypertension and target organ damage (TOD) in essential hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Huang
- a Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , The First Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jiyan Chen
- a Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , The First Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yingling Zhou
- a Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , The First Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Songtao Tang
- b Community Health Center of Liaobu County , Donguang , Guangdong , China
| | - Jie Li
- a Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , The First Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xueju Yu
- a Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , The First Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yujing Mo
- a Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , The First Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ying Wu
- a Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , The First Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ying Zhang
- a Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , The First Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yingqing Feng
- a Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , The First Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
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Afonso MB, Rodrigues PM, Simão AL, Castro RE. Circulating microRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5030030. [PMID: 26950158 PMCID: PMC4810101 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome are growing epidemics worldwide and greatly responsible for many liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD often progresses to cirrhosis, end-stage liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver cancer and one of the leading causes for cancer-related deaths globally. Currently available tools for the diagnosis of NAFLD staging and progression towards HCC are largely invasive and of limited accuracy. In light of the need for more specific and sensitive noninvasive molecular markers, several studies have assessed the potential of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers of liver injury and hepatocarcinogenesis. Indeed, extracellular miRNAs are very stable in the blood, can be easily quantitated and are differentially expressed in response to different pathophysiological conditions. Although standardization procedures and larger, independent studies are still necessary, miRNAs constitute promising, clinically-useful biomarkers for the NAFLD-HCC spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta B Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - André L Simão
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Rui E Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Köhler J, Schuler M, Gauler TC, Nöpel-Dünnebacke S, Ahrens M, Hoffmann AC, Kasper S, Nensa F, Gomez B, Hahnemann M, Breitenbuecher F, Cheufou D, Özkan F, Darwiche K, Hoiczyk M, Reis H, Welter S, Eberhardt WEE, Eisenacher M, Teschler H, Stamatis G, Schmiegel W, Hahn SA, Baraniskin A. Circulating U2 small nuclear RNA fragments as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in lung cancer patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 142:795-805. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Kuhlmann JD, Wimberger P, Wilsch K, Fluck M, Suter L, Brunner G. Increased level of circulating U2 small nuclear RNA fragments indicates metastasis in melanoma patients. Clin Chem Lab Med 2015; 53:605-11. [PMID: 25741740 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2014-1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Background: Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer and, despite recent advances in therapy, about 20% of the patients die of their disease. Early relapse detection and monitoring of therapy response are crucial for efficient treatment of advanced melanoma. Thus, there is a need for blood-based biomarkers in melanoma management. Serum-derived U2 small nuclear RNA fragments (RNU2-1f) were previously shown to be blood-based biomarkers for gastrointestinal and gynecologic malignancies. Here we examined whether RNU2-1f may also serve as diagnostic biomarker in advanced melanoma. METHODS Circulating RNU2-1f levels were quantified by comparative reverse transcription PCR in a training cohort of patients with metastatic melanoma (n=33, thereof regionally metastasized to skin and lymph nodes, n=23, and distantly metastasized, n=10) vs. patients with benign naevi (n=16) vs. healthy controls (n=39). RESULTS were validated in an independent patient cohort with distant metastasis (n=16) vs. controls (n=18). RESULTS Circulating RNU2-1f levels in the training cohort were significantly increased in serum of regionally and distantly metastatic patients, compared with patients with benign naevi or healthy controls (p<0.0001) and allowed accurate detection of regional (AUC 0.80) as well as distant (AUC 0.84) metastasis. In the validation cohort, increased RNU2-1f levels were confirmed and enabled highly specific detection of distant metastasis (sensitivity 81%, specificity 100%, AUC 0.94). CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to suggest a blood-based snRNA serving as a diagnostic biomarker for melanoma metastasis. Our data provide a rationale for further defining clinical utility of circulating RNU2-1f in metastasis detection in the management of melanoma patients at risk of relapse and/or with advanced disease.
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