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Bell SM, Hariharan R, Laud PJ, Majid A, de Courten B. Histidine-containing dipeptide supplementation improves delayed recall: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:1372-1385. [PMID: 38013229 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Histidine-containing dipeptides (carnosine, anserine, beta-alanine and others) are found in human muscle tissue and other organs like the brain. Data in rodents and humans indicate that administration of exogenous carnosine improved cognitive performance. However, RCTs results vary. OBJECTIVES To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of histidine-containing dipeptide (HCD) supplementation on cognitive performance in humans to assess its utility as a cognitive stabiliser. DATA SOURCES OVID Medline, Medline, EBM Reviews, Embase, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases from 1/1/1965 to 1/6/2022 for all RCT of HCDs were searched. DATA EXTRACTION 2653 abstracts were screened, identifying 94 full-text articles which were assessed for eligibility. Ten articles reporting the use of HCD supplementation were meta-analysed. DATA ANALYSIS The random effects model has been applied using the DerSimonian-Laird method. HCD treatment significantly increased performance on Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) -2 Delayed recall (Weighted mean difference (WMD) (95% CI (CI)) = 1.5 (0.6, 2.5), P < .01). Treatment with HCDs had no effect on Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (WMD (95% CI) = -0.2 (-1.1, 0.7), P = .65, I2 = 0%), Mini-Mental State Examination (WMD (95% CI) = 0.7 (-0.2, 1.5), P = .14, I2 = 42%), The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Digit span Backward (WMD (95% CI) = 0.1 (-0.3, 0.5), P = .51, I2 = 0%), WAIS digit span Forward (WMD (95% CI) = 0.0 (-0.3, 0.4), P = .85, I2 = 33%) and the WMS-1 Immediate recall (WMD (95% CI) = .7 (-.2, 1.5), P = .11, I2 = 0%). The effect on delayed recall remained in subgroup meta-analysis performed on studies of patients without mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and in those without MCI where average age in the study was above 65. CONCLUSION HCD, supplementation improved scores on the Delayed recall examination, a neuropsychological test affected early in Alzheimer's disease. Further studies are needed in people with early cognitive impairment with longer follow-up duration and standardization of carnosine doses to delineate the true effect. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42017075354.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Bell
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rohit Hariharan
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Peter J Laud
- Statistical Services Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Arshad Majid
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Australia
- Health & Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Tsuji T, Furuhara K, Guo E, Wu Y, Zhong J, Higashida H, Yamamoto Y, Tsuji C. Oral Supplementation of L-Carnosine Attenuates Acute-Stress-Induced Corticosterone Release and Mitigates Anxiety in CD157 Knockout Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:2821. [PMID: 39275136 PMCID: PMC11396873 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Corticosterone, an end product of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, is a crucial stress hormone. A dysregulated HPA axis and corticosterone release play pivotal roles in the onset and persistence of symptoms of stress-related psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety. The intake of nutrients, probiotics, and prebiotic supplements decreases blood corticosterone levels. The dipeptide L-carnosine is composed of beta-alanine and L-histidine and is commercially available as a nutritional supplement for recovery from fatigue. L-carnosine is involved in stress-induced corticosterone responses and anxiety behaviors in rodents. Here, we assessed the effect of L-carnosine in CD157 knockout (KO) mice, a murine model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The uptake of L-carnosine suppressed the increase in plasma corticosterone levels in response to acute stress and attenuated anxiety-like behaviors in CD157 KO mice. These results suggest that L-carnosine supplementation may relieve anxiety by suppressing excessive stress responses in individuals with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tsuji
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
- Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Kazumi Furuhara
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Erchu Guo
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yijing Wu
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Physiological Department, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Chiharu Tsuji
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
- Department of Socioneurosciences, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Kanazawa Campus, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
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Luo S, Tamada A, Saikawa Y, Wang Y, Yu Q, Hisatsune T. P2Y1R silencing in Astrocytes Protected Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Decline in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1969-1988. [PMID: 37962465 PMCID: PMC11272185 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, the major non-dividing glial cells in the central nervous system, exhibit hyperactivation in Alzheimer's disease (AD), leading to neuroinflammation and cognitive impairments. P2Y1-receptor (P2Y1R) in AD brain has been pointed out some contribution to AD pathogenesis, therefore, this study aims to elucidate how astrocytic P2Y1R affects the progression of AD and explore its potential as a new target for AD therapy. In this study, we performed the two-steps verification to assess P2Y1R inhibition in AD progression: P2Y1R-KO AD mice and AD mice treated with astrocyte-specific P2Y1R gene knockdown by using shRNAs for P2Y1R in adeno-associated virus vector. Histochemistry was conducted for the assessment of amyloid-beta accumulation, neuroinflammation and blood brain barrier function. Expression of inflammatory cytokines was evaluated by qPCR after the separation of astrocytes. Cognitive function was assessed through the Morris water maze, Y maze, and contextual fear conditioning tests. P2Y1R inhibition not only by gene knockout but also by astrocyte-specific knockdown reduced amyloid-beta accumulation, glial neuroinflammation, blood brain barrier dysfunction, and cognitive impairment in an AD mice model. Reduced neuroinflammation by astrocytic P2Y1R silencing in AD was further confirmed by the reduction of IL-6 gene expression after the separation of astrocytes from AD mouse brain, which may relate to the amelioration of blood brain barrier as well as cognitive functions. Our results clearly note that P2Y1R in astrocyte contributes to the progression of AD pathology through the acceleration of neuroinflammation, and one-time gene therapy for silencing astrocytic P2Y1R may offer a new therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Luo
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Ami Tamada
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yuichi Saikawa
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Hisatsune
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
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Wurtz LI, Knyazhanskaya E, Sohaei D, Prassas I, Pittock S, Willrich MAV, Saadeh R, Gupta R, Atkinson HJ, Grill D, Stengelin M, Thebault S, Freedman MS, Diamandis EP, Scarisbrick IA. Identification of brain-enriched proteins in CSF as biomarkers of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. Clin Proteomics 2024; 21:42. [PMID: 38880880 PMCID: PMC11181608 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-024-09494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a clinically and biologically heterogenous disease with currently unpredictable progression and relapse. After the development and success of neurofilament as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker, there is reinvigorated interest in identifying other markers of or contributors to disease. The objective of this study is to probe the predictive potential of a panel of brain-enriched proteins on MS disease progression and subtype. METHODS This study includes 40 individuals with MS and 14 headache controls. The MS cohort consists of 20 relapsing remitting (RR) and 20 primary progressive (PP) patients. The CSF of all individuals was analyzed for 63 brain enriched proteins using a method of liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Wilcoxon rank sum test, Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA, logistic regression, and Pearson correlation were used to refine the list of candidates by comparing relative protein concentrations as well as relation to known imaging and molecular biomarkers. RESULTS We report 30 proteins with some relevance to disease, clinical subtype, or severity. Strikingly, we observed widespread protein depletion in the disease CSF as compared to control. We identified numerous markers of relapsing disease, including KLK6 (kallikrein 6, OR = 0.367, p < 0.05), which may be driven by active disease as defined by MRI enhancing lesions. Other oligodendrocyte-enriched proteins also appeared at reduced levels in relapsing disease, namely CNDP1 (carnosine dipeptidase 1), LINGO1 (leucine rich repeat and Immunoglobin-like domain-containing protein 1), MAG (myelin associated glycoprotein), and MOG (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein). Finally, we identified three proteins-CNDP1, APLP1 (amyloid beta precursor like protein 1), and OLFM1 (olfactomedin 1)-that were statistically different in relapsing vs. progressive disease raising the potential for use as an early biomarker to discriminate clinical subtype. CONCLUSIONS We illustrate the utility of targeted mass spectrometry in generating potential targets for future biomarker studies and highlight reductions in brain-enriched proteins as markers of the relapsing remitting disease stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincoln I Wurtz
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Dorsa Sohaei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ioannis Prassas
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sean Pittock
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Ruba Saadeh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ruchi Gupta
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hunter J Atkinson
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Diane Grill
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Simon Thebault
- Department of Medicine and The Ottawa Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis, Department of Neurology, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Mark S Freedman
- Department of Medicine and The Ottawa Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Isobel A Scarisbrick
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Liu X, Song L, Xue B, Chi Z, Wang Y, Wen S, Lv W, Hu Q, Guo Q, Wang S, Wu D, Liang G, Jing D. Organic acid and sugar components accumulation and flavor associated metabolites dynamic changes in yellow- and white-fleshed seedless loquats ( Eriobotrya japonica). Food Chem X 2024; 21:101046. [PMID: 38173902 PMCID: PMC10762357 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Triploid loquats are divided into yellow- and white-fleshed cultivars. To better understand taste variations in triploid loquat fruits, we used a UPLC-ESI-QTRAP-MS/MS-based widely targeted metabolomic analysis to examine the metabolic composition of two different color fleshed triploid loquats with a sample size of 54 and external validation method within a confidence level of P<0.05. We identified key flavor-related differentially accumulated metabolites using the variable importance in projection (VIP) value (VIP ≥ 1.0) and fold change ≥ 2 or ≤ 0.5. Furthermore, the results of the HPLC analysis showed that white-fleshed loquats had a low malic acid content. We also performed the UPLC-MS/MS system to investigate the carotenoids contents and lipidome in four triploid cultivars. In the fruits of white-fleshed varieties, the carotenoids contents were significantly downregulated, but the contents of most glycerolphospholipids were increased. Our results reveal the metabolomic changes between the yellow- and white-fleshed cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liqin Song
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Baogui Xue
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Jiuquan Forest Fruit Service Center, Jiuquan, Gansu 735000, China
| | - Zhuoheng Chi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Songqin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenjuan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiankun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qigao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shuming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guolu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Danlong Jing
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
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Yang F, Ma J, Zhu D, Wang Z, Li Y, He X, Zhang G, Kang X. The Role of S100A6 in Human Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1139. [PMID: 37509175 PMCID: PMC10377078 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
S100A6, also known as calcyclin, is a low-molecular-weight Ca2+-binding protein from the S100 family that contains two EF-hands. S100A6 is expressed in a variety of mammalian cells and tissues. It is also expressed in lung, colorectal, pancreatic, and liver cancers, as well as other cancers such as melanoma. S100A6 has many molecular functions related to cell proliferation, the cell cycle, cell differentiation, and the cytoskeleton. It is not only involved in tumor invasion, proliferation, and migration, but also the pathogenesis of other non-neoplastic diseases. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of S100A6 in tumors, nervous system diseases, leukemia, endometriosis, cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, and other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengguang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jinglin Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Daxue Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhaoheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yanhu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xuegang He
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
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7
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Ishibashi A, Udono M, Sato M, Katakura Y. Molecular Mechanisms for the Carnosine-Induced Activation of Muscle-Brain Interaction. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061479. [PMID: 36986209 PMCID: PMC10057344 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnosine is known to improve brain function. The molecular basis for the carnosine-mediated interaction between intestinal cells and neuronal cells is that carnosine acts on intestinal cells and stimulates exosome secretion, which can induce neurite outgrowth in neuronal cells. This study aimed to infer the carnosine-mediated interaction between muscle cells and neuronal cells. The results revealed that carnosine induces muscle cell differentiation, as well as the secretion of exosomes and myokines that can act on neuronal cells. Carnosine acts not only on intestinal cells but also on muscle cells, stimulating the secretion of secretory factors including exosomes that induce neurite outgrowth in neuronal cells, as well as myokines known to be involved in neuronal cell activation. As the miRNAs in exosomes secreted from intestinal cells and muscle cells upon carnosine treatment are different, it could be assumed that carnosine acts on each cell to interact with neuronal cell through separate factors and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Miyako Udono
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mikako Sato
- R&D Center, NH Foods, Ltd., Tsukuba 300-2626, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Katakura
- Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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8
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Sakurai K, Okada E, Anzai S, Tamura R, Shiraishi I, Inamura N, Kobayashi S, Sato M, Matsumoto T, Kudo K, Sugawara Y, Hisatsune T. Protein-Balanced Dietary Habits Benefit Cognitive Function in Japanese Older Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030770. [PMID: 36771475 PMCID: PMC9920661 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since daily dietary habits can affect cognitive function, dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay diet have been proposed as interventions to slow cognitive decline. However, because dietary habits vary widely among different food cultures, it is necessary to establish dietary pattern intervention methods that are appropriate for each population. Therefore, in this study, the dietary patterns of elderly Japanese individuals were classified using cluster analysis, and their relationship with cognitive function was investigated. We then modeled the dietary patterns and applied them to another cohort of elderly Japanese individuals to determine whether differences in dietary patterns could predict cognitive decline. One hundred and fifty older adults ≥ 65 years of age in the community were recruited. Their daily food intake and cognitive function were measured using the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire and Montreal Cognitive Assessment, respectively. K-means cluster analysis identified a high-carbohydrate (HC) dietary pattern with high cereal intake and a protein-balanced (PB) dietary pattern with high intake of legumes, vegetables, seafood, meat, and eggs. Cognitive function was significantly higher in the PB group than in the HC group. Furthermore, to classify the new data into HC and PB patterns, a classification model was created by discriminant analysis using food groups with significantly different intakes among dietary patterns. Next, we recruited 267 new older adults ≥ 65 years of age and measured food intake and cognitive function assessed using the memory performance index score. Individuals with cognitive decline were identified and their detailed cognitive functions were assessed using the neurocognitive index score. Cognitive function was significantly impaired in the HC pattern in both the general elderly and cognitively impaired cohorts. These findings suggest that a dietary pattern of low carbohydrate and high protein intake is associated with good cognitive function in elderly Japanese individuals. Classification by these dietary patterns can predict cognitive reservation in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sakurai
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Erika Okada
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Saya Anzai
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Risako Tamura
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Izumi Shiraishi
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Noriko Inamura
- Urban Design Center Kashiwanoha (UDCK), Kashiwa 277-0871, Japan
- Community Health Promotion Laboratory, Mitsui Fudosan, Co., Ltd., Kashiwa 277-8519, Japan
| | - Satoru Kobayashi
- Community Health Promotion Laboratory, Mitsui Fudosan, Co., Ltd., Kashiwa 277-8519, Japan
| | - Mikako Sato
- Research & Development Center, NH Foods Ltd., Tsukuba 300-2646, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Research & Development Center, NH Foods Ltd., Tsukuba 300-2646, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kudo
- Lifestyle Research Office, NH Foods Ltd., Shinagawa, Tokyo 141-6014, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugawara
- Research & Development Center, NH Foods Ltd., Tsukuba 300-2646, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Hisatsune
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-04-7136-3632
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9
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Toviwek B, Koonawootrittriron S, Suwanasopee T, Pongprayoon P. Molecular insights into the binding of carnosine and anserine to human serum carnosinase 1 (CN1). PEERJ PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj-pchem.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosine (CAR) and anserine (ANS) are histidine-containing dipeptides that show the therapeutic properties and protective abilities against diabetes and cognitive deficit. Both dipeptides are rich in meat products and have been used as a supplement. However, in humans, both compounds have a short half-life due to the rapid degradation by dizinc carnosinase 1 (CN1) which is a hurdle for its therapeutic application. To date, a comparative study of carnosine- and anserine-CN1 complexes is limited. Thus, in this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to explore the binding of carnosine and anserine to CN1. CN1 comprises 2 chains (Chains A and B). Both monomers are found to work independently and alternatingly. The displacement of Zn2+ pair is found to disrupt the substrate binding. CN1 employs residues from the neighbour chain (H235, T335, and T337) to form the active site. This highlights the importance of a dimer for enzymatic activity. Anserine is more resistant to CN 1 than carnosine because of its bulky and dehydrated imidazole moiety. Although both dipeptides can direct the peptide oxygen to the active Zn2+ which can facilitate the catalytic reaction, the bulky methylated imidazole on anserine promotes various poses that can retard the hydrolytic activity in contrast to carnosine. Anserine is likely to be the temporary competitive inhibitor by retarding the carnosine catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borvornwat Toviwek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Thanathip Suwanasopee
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prapasiri Pongprayoon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food and Agricultural Industries, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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10
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Unveiling the Hidden Therapeutic Potential of Carnosine, a Molecule with a Multimodal Mechanism of Action: A Position Paper. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103303. [PMID: 35630780 PMCID: PMC9143376 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a naturally occurring endogenous dipeptide and an over-the-counter food supplement with a well-demonstrated multimodal mechanism of action that includes the detoxification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, the down-regulation of the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, the inhibition of aberrant protein formation, and the modulation of cells in the peripheral (macrophages) and brain (microglia) immune systems. Since its discovery more than 100 years ago, a plethora of in vivo preclinical studies have been carried out; however, there is still substantial heterogeneity regarding the route of administration, the dosage, the duration of the treatment, and the animal model selected, underlining the urgent need for "coordinated/aligned" preclinical studies laying the foundations for well-defined future clinical trials. The main aim of the present position paper is to critically and concisely consider these key points and open a discussion on the possible "alignment" for future studies, with the goal of validating the full therapeutic potential of this intriguing molecule.
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11
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Hiemori-Kondo M, Shinya D, Ueta R. Development of a quantitative method for analyzing three imidazole dipeptides using high-performance liquid chromatography and its application for meat and fish. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Weingrill RB, Paladino SL, Souza MLR, Pereira EM, Marques ALX, Silva ECO, da Silva Fonseca EJ, Ursulino JS, Aquino TM, Bevilacqua E, Urschitz J, Silva JC, Borbely AU. Exosome-Enriched Plasma Analysis as a Tool for the Early Detection of Hypertensive Gestations. Front Physiol 2022; 12:767112. [PMID: 34970155 PMCID: PMC8712450 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.767112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are closely associated with prematurity, stillbirth, and maternal morbidity and mortality. The onset of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is generally noticed after the 20th week of gestation, limiting earlier intervention. The placenta is directly responsible for modulating local and systemic physiology by communicating using mechanisms such as the release of extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes. In this study, we postulated that an analysis of exosome-enriched maternal plasma could provide a more focused and applicable approach for diagnosing HDP earlier in pregnancy. Therefore, the peripheral blood plasma of 24 pregnant women (11 controls, 13 HDP) was collected between 20th and 24th gestational weeks and centrifuged for exosome enrichment. Exosome-enriched plasma samples were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and by proton nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics (1H NMR). Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to analyze the Raman data, from the spectral region of 600–1,800 cm–1, to determine its potential to discriminate between groups. Using principal component analysis, we were able to differentiate the two groups, with 89% of all variances found in the first three principal components. In patients with HDP, most significant differences in Raman bands intensity were found for sphingomyelin, acetyl CoA, methionine, DNA, RNA, phenylalanine, tryptophan, carotenoids, tyrosine, arginine, leucine, amide I and III, and phospholipids. The 1H NMR analysis showed reduced levels of D-glucose, L-proline, L-tyrosine, glycine, and anserine in HDP, while levels of 2-hydroxyvalerate, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were increased. 1H NMR results were able to assign an unknown sample to either the control or HDP groups at a precision of 88.3% using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and 87% using logistic regression analysis. Our results suggested that an analysis of exosome-enriched plasma could provide an initial assessment of placental function at the maternal-fetal interface and aid HDP diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, as well as to detect novel, early biomarkers for HDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Barbano Weingrill
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade da Região de Joinville - UNIVILLE, Joinville, Brazil.,Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Sandra Luft Paladino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade da Região de Joinville - UNIVILLE, Joinville, Brazil
| | - Matheus Leite Ramos Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade da Região de Joinville - UNIVILLE, Joinville, Brazil.,High Risky Gestation Ambulatory, Darcy Vargas Maternity, Joinville, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Manoel Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade da Região de Joinville - UNIVILLE, Joinville, Brazil
| | - Aldilane Lays Xavier Marques
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jeferson Santana Ursulino
- Nucleus of Analysis and Research in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mendonça Aquino
- Nucleus of Analysis and Research in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Estela Bevilacqua
- Laboratory for Maternal-Fetal Interactions and Placenta Research, Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Johann Urschitz
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Jean Carl Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade da Região de Joinville - UNIVILLE, Joinville, Brazil.,High Risky Gestation Ambulatory, Darcy Vargas Maternity, Joinville, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Urban Borbely
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
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13
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2-Oxo-Imidazole-Containing Dipeptides Play a Key Role in the Antioxidant Capacity of Imidazole-Containing Dipeptides. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091434. [PMID: 34573066 PMCID: PMC8466808 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is substantial evidence for the antioxidant functions of imidazole-containing dipeptides (IDPs), including carnosine and anserine, under physiological and pathological conditions in vivo. However, the detailed mechanism underlying the antioxidant functions is still poorly understood. Recently, we discovered the endogenous production of 2-oxo-imidazole-containing dipeptides (2-oxo-IDPs), such as 2-oxo-carnosine and 2-oxo-anserine, as novel derivatives of IDPs in mouse tissues and revealed that the antioxidant capacity of 2-oxo-carnosine was much greater than that of carnosine. However, the antioxidant capacity of 2-oxo-IDPs still remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated 2-oxo-carnosine and 2-oxo-anserine by multiple in vitro assays, such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing/antioxidant power, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays in comparison with the corresponding IDPs, carnosine and anserine. All the assays employed herein demonstrated that 2-oxo-carnosine and 2-oxo-anserine exhibited a greater antioxidant capacity than that of the corresponding IDPs. Quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry revealed that commercial IDPs standards were contaminated with a certain amount of 2-oxo-IDPs, which was correlated with the antioxidant capacity. DPPH radical scavenging assay revealed that the elimination of contaminated 2-oxo-IDPs from the IDPs standards caused a significant decrease in the antioxidant capacity compared to the original IDPs standards. These results suggest that the main driver of the antioxidant capacity of IDPs is 2-oxo-IDPs; accordingly, the conversion of IDPs to 2-oxo-IDPs may be a critical step in the antioxidant functions.
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14
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Molinari GS, Wojno M, McCracken VJ, Kwasek K. The use of dipeptide supplementation as a means of mitigating the negative effects of dietary soybean meal on Zebrafish Danio rerio. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 257:110958. [PMID: 33865992 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Soybean meal (SBM) inclusion in aquaculture diets has been found to negatively affect growth and induce intestinal inflammation in fish. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of health-promoting dipeptide supplementation into SBM-based feeds on growth performance, intestinal health, and muscle free amino acid composition, an indicator of dietary amino acid availability, in a zebrafish model. There were five treatment groups in this study. The first group ((+) Control) received a fishmeal-based diet. The second group ((-) Control) received SBM-based diet. The last three groups (Ala-Glu, Car, and Ans) were fed SBM-based diets, supplemented with alanyl-glutamine, carnosine, and anserine respectively. The Ala-Glu and Car groups experienced a significantly higher weight gain than the (-) Control group, weighing 35.38% and 33.96% more, respectively at the conclusion of the study. There were no significant differences in gene expression among the groups, but Ala-Glu had the highest expression of both nutrient absorption genes measured, PepT1 and fabp2. Ala-Glu had significantly longer intestinal villi, and a significantly higher villus length-to-width ratio than the (-) Control group. The Car group had a significantly higher post-prandial tissue concentration of lysine, compared to the (-) Control group. The increase in villus surface area and expression of nutrient absorption genes represent an improvement in intestinal absorptive capacity in the Ala-Glu group. The results from this study provide support for the use of alanyl-glutamine and carnosine supplementation as a means of improving growth performance of zebrafish fed with a high level SBM-based diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni S Molinari
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, 1125 Lincoln Dr, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Michal Wojno
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, 1125 Lincoln Dr, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Vance J McCracken
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, 44 Circle Dr, Edwardsville, IL 62025, USA
| | - Karolina Kwasek
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, 1125 Lincoln Dr, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
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15
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Masuoka N, Lei C, Li H, Hisatsune T. Influence of Imidazole-Dipeptides on Cognitive Status and Preservation in Elders: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020397. [PMID: 33513893 PMCID: PMC7912684 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide increase in the number of patients with dementia is becoming a growing problem, while Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a primary neurodegenerative disorder, accounts for more than 70% of all dementia cases. Research on the prevention or reduction of AD occurrence through food ingredients has been widely conducted. In particular, histidine-containing dipeptides, also known as imidazole dipeptides derived from meat, have received much attention. Imidazole dipeptides are abundant in meats such as poultry, fish, and pork. As evidenced by data from recent human intervention trials conducted worldwide, daily supplementation of carnosine and anserine, which are both imidazole dipeptides, can improve memory loss in the elderly and reduce the risk of developing AD. This article also summarizes the latest researches on the biochemical properties of imidazole dipeptides and their effects on animal models associated with age-related cognitive decline. In this review, we focus on the results of human intervention studies using supplements of poultry-derived imidazole dipeptides, including anserine and carnosine, affecting the preservation of cognitive function in the elderly, and discuss how imidazole dipeptides act in the brain to prevent age-related cognitive decline and the onset of dementia.
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16
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Consumption of Oleic Acid on the Preservation of Cognitive Functions in Japanese Elderly Individuals. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020284. [PMID: 33498506 PMCID: PMC7909548 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We recruited 154 community-dwelling elderly individuals and conducted a cohort study to find out the nutrient intake that is suitable for maintaining cognitive function in Japanese elders. Cognitive function was evaluated by the two functional tests, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Wechsler Memory Scale-Delayed Recall (WMS-DR), and daily nutrient intake was estimated from a Brief-type Self-administered Diet History Questionnaire (BDHQ). By a multiple regression analysis, among the four major nutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrate and ash), we detected a significant correlation between the score of cognitive functions assessed by both MoCA and WMS-DR and daily consumption of fat (p = 0.0317 and p = 0.0111, respectively). Among categories of fatty acid, we found a significant correlation between the score of both MoCA and WMS-DR and consumption of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (p = 0.0157 and p = 0.0136, respectively). Finally, among MUFAs, we observed a significant correlation between the score of both MoCA and WMS-DR and consumption of oleic acid (p = 0.0405 and p = 0.0165, respectively). From these observations, we can propose that daily consumption of fat, especially in oleic acid, has a beneficial effect against cognitive decline in community-dwelling Japanese elderly individuals.
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17
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Masuoka N, Lei C, Li H, Inamura N, Shiotani S, Yanai N, Sato K, Sakurai K, Hisatsune T. Anserine, HClO-scavenger, protected against cognitive decline in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:1729-1741. [PMID: 33472172 PMCID: PMC7880346 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has been recognized as a promising target when considering strategies for treating AD. In particular, it has been shown that neutrophils and MPO-mediated neuroinflammatory responses with the production of HClO play a role in the progression of AD. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of anserine, a scavenger of HClO, on the protection of cognitive declines in persons with MCI. Fifty-eight elderly volunteers were screened, and 36 MCI individuals were assigned either to an active arm, who received 500 mg anserine per day, or a placebo arm, for 12-weeks. To assess cognitive function, we performed MMSE at baseline and after the ingestion. The data of the MMSE for 30 subjects who completed the follow-up tests were analyzed. A significant difference was detected in the change score of MMSE between the active arm (1.9 ± 2.0; n = 15) and the placebo arm (0 ± 2.8; n = 15) (p = 0.036). After the correction with the daily intake of anserine, the significance was elevated (p = 0.0176). Our results suggest that anserine protects elderly persons with MCI from cognitive declines by suppressing MPO-mediated neuroinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Masuoka
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Chenxu Lei
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Haowei Li
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Noriko Inamura
- Community Hearth Promotion Laboratory, Mitsui Fudosan, Co., Ltd., Kashiwa, Japan.,Urban Design Center Kashiwanoha (UDCK), Kashiwa, Japan
| | | | - Nobuya Yanai
- Research Division, Tokai Bussan Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Keisuke Sakurai
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Hisatsune
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
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18
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Hyaluronan-carnosine conjugates inhibit Aβ aggregation and toxicity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15998. [PMID: 32994475 PMCID: PMC7524733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72989-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Finding a pharmacological approach that cures and/or prevents the onset of this devastating disease represents an important challenge for researchers. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, increases in extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) levels give rise to different aggregated species, such as protofibrils, fibrils and oligomers, with oligomers being the more toxic species for cells. Many efforts have recently been focused on multi-target ligands to address the multiple events that occur concurrently with toxic aggregation at the onset of the disease. Moreover, investigating the effect of endogenous compounds or a combination thereof is a promising approach to prevent the side effects of entirely synthetic drugs. In this work, we report the synthesis, structural characterization and Aβ antiaggregant ability of new derivatives of hyaluronic acid (Hy, 200 and 700 kDa) functionalized with carnosine (Car), a multi-functional natural dipeptide. The bioactive substances (HyCar) inhibit the formation of amyloid-type aggregates of Aβ42 more than the parent compounds; this effect is proportional to Car loading. Furthermore, the HyCar derivatives are able to dissolve the amyloid fibrils and to reduce Aβ-induced toxicity in vitro. The enzymatic degradation of Aβ is also affected by the interaction with HyCar.
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19
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Jindal C, Kumar S, Sharma S, Choi YM, Efird JT. The Prevention and Management of COVID-19: Seeking a Practical and Timely Solution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3986. [PMID: 32512826 PMCID: PMC7312104 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We read with interest several manuscripts recently published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) on the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. While these articles provide a well-rounded overview on the risk and current status of this virus, we herein add some relevant information on its etiology, prevention and management, especially for resource-limited healthcare systems. The use of protective actions is both complex and expensive. Affordable options are essential to respond to this and future viral outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charulata Jindal
- Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia;
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Surgery, King George Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India;
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Department of Medicine, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | | | - Jimmy T. Efird
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Health Services Research and Development (DVAHCS/Duke Affiliated Center), Durham, NC 27705, USA
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20
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Wu G. Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health. Amino Acids 2020; 52:329-360. [PMID: 32072297 PMCID: PMC7088015 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Taurine (a sulfur-containing β-amino acid), creatine (a metabolite of arginine, glycine and methionine), carnosine (a dipeptide; β-alanyl-L-histidine), and 4-hydroxyproline (an imino acid; also often referred to as an amino acid) were discovered in cattle, and the discovery of anserine (a methylated product of carnosine; β-alanyl-1-methyl-L-histidine) also originated with cattle. These five nutrients are highly abundant in beef, and have important physiological roles in anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory reactions, as well as neurological, muscular, retinal, immunological and cardiovascular function. Of particular note, taurine, carnosine, anserine, and creatine are absent from plants, and hydroxyproline is negligible in many plant-source foods. Consumption of 30 g dry beef can fully meet daily physiological needs of the healthy 70-kg adult human for taurine and carnosine, and can also provide large amounts of creatine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline to improve human nutrition and health, including metabolic, retinal, immunological, muscular, cartilage, neurological, and cardiovascular health. The present review provides the public with the much-needed knowledge of nutritionally and physiologically significant amino acids, dipeptides and creatine in animal-source foods (including beef). Dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline are beneficial for preventing and treating obesity, cardiovascular dysfunction, and ageing-related disorders, as well as inhibiting tumorigenesis, improving skin and bone health, ameliorating neurological abnormalities, and promoting well being in infants, children and adults. Furthermore, these nutrients may promote the immunological defense of humans against infections by bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses (including coronavirus) through enhancing the metabolism and functions of monocytes, macrophages, and other cells of the immune system. Red meat (including beef) is a functional food for optimizing human growth, development and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA.
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21
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Yin S, Xu Y, Huang J, Xiong N, Han C, Ma K, Guo XF, Xia Y, Wan F, Kou L, Sun Y, Wu J, Wang T. Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Secondary to Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia and Cryptococcal Meningitis. Front Neurol 2019; 10:812. [PMID: 31447756 PMCID: PMC6691054 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 47-year-old HIV-seronegative woman with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) was treated with corticosteroids for 8 months. She developed central nervous system dysfunction and was diagnosed with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) after detecting cryptococcus neoformans in the cerebrospinal fluid. The patient's clinical symptoms were worsened and unusual MRI findings of white matter lesions were noticed even after adequate treatment, which were quite unusual compared with typical characteristics of CM. This led us to carry out further investigations. Similar cases have been reported previously in published literature. Combined with clinical symptoms and MRI findings, the most likely diagnosis was Cryptococcal Meningitis-Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome. Unfortunately, the patient deteriorated and died of respiratory failure. Cryptococcal Meningitis-Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome may have MRI changes during the early onset of the disease (bilateral basal ganglia). We propose that close monitoring of the condition, meticulous MRI follow-up and brain biopsies should be indicated in such cases for treating them actively, so as to avoid worsening of the patients' condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- SiJia Yin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinsha Huang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Fang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Wan
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Kou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yadi Sun
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Tao Wang
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22
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Tian ZY, Wang CY, Wang T, Li YC, Wang ZY. Glial S100A6 Degrades β-amyloid Aggregation through Targeting Competition with Zinc Ions. Aging Dis 2019; 10:756-769. [PMID: 31440382 PMCID: PMC6675528 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence has been accumulating that zinc ions can trigger β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and senile plaque formation in the brain, a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Chelating zinc inhibits Aβ aggregation and may hold promise as a therapeutic strategy for AD. S100A6 is an acidic Ca2+/Zn2+-binding protein found only in a small number of astrocytes in the normal brain. However, in the AD brain, S100A6 is highly expressed in astrocytes around Aβ plaques. The role of the astrocytic S100A6 upregulation in AD is unknown. In the present study, we examined the effects of S100A6 on Aβ plaques and intracellular zinc levels in a mouse model of AD. Chronic exposure to zinc increased Aβ deposition and S100A6 expression, both reversible by the zinc chelator clioquinol, in the brains of amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice. To examine whether exogenous S100A6 could induce Aβ plaque disaggregation through competition for zinc in vitro, we incubated APP/PS1 mouse brain sections with recombinant human S100A6 protein or co-incubated them with human S100A6-expressing cells. Both treatments efficiently reduced the Aβ plaque burden in situ. In addition, treatment with exogenous S100A6 protected cultured COS-7 cells against zinc toxicity. Our results show for the first time that increased S100A6 levels correlate with both Aβ disaggregation and decrease of Aβ plaque-associated zinc contents in brain sections with AD-like pathology. Astrocytic S100A6 in AD may protect from Aβ deposition through zinc sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ying Tian
- 1Institute of Health Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Chun-Yan Wang
- 1Institute of Health Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Tao Wang
- 1Institute of Health Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yan-Chun Li
- 2Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- 1Institute of Health Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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23
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Effects of Anserine/Carnosine Supplementation on Mild Cognitive Impairment with APOE4. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071626. [PMID: 31319510 PMCID: PMC6683059 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral supplementation of anserine/carnosine helps preserve cognitive functions in healthy older adults. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transition between cognitive-normal and dementia. Therefore, it needs to investigate whether anserine/carnosine supplementation (ACS) has effects on subjects with MCI. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-week trial was performed. Fifty-four subjects with MCI were randomized to an active group ingesting 750 mg of anserine and 250 mg of carnosine per day or a placebo (1:1). Evaluation of cognitive change was conducted utilizing a psychometric test battery. Results: The score improvement in the global Clinical Dementia Rating (gloCDR) was superior in the active group than placebo (p = 0.023). No beneficial effect in the active group was detected in the other psychometric tests including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Wechsler Memory Scale, and the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS). When APOE4 positive (APOE4 (+)) or negative (APOE4 (-)) subjects were separately analyzed, beneficial change in the APOE4 (+) subjects was observed in MMSE (p = 0.025) as well as in gloCDR (p = 0.026). Conclusions: The present study might suggest that protective effects against cognitive decline in APOE4 (+) MCI subjects exist.
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24
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Pirone L, Di Gaetano S, Rizzarelli E, Bellia F, Pedone E. Focusing on the functional characterization of the anserinase from Oreochromis niloticus. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:158-165. [PMID: 30797810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carnosine, anserine and homocarnosine are the three most representative compounds of the histidine dipeptides family, widely distributed in mammals in different amounts depending on the species and the tissue considered. Histidine dipeptides are mainly degraded by two different carnosinase homologues: a highly specific metal-ion dependent carnosinase (CN1) located in serum and brain and a non-specific cytosolic form (CN2). The hydrolysis of such dipeptides in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is also catalyzed by the anserinase (ANSN). Such naturally occurring dipeptides represent an interesting topic because they seem to have numerous biological roles such as potential neuroprotective and neurotransmitter functions in the brain and therefore ANSN results to be a very interesting target of study. We here report, for the first time, cloning, expression of ANSN from the fish Oreochromis niloticus both in a mammalian and in a prokaryotic system, in order to perform deep functional studies by enzymatic assays in the presence of different metals and substrates. Furthermore, by means of a mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach, we analysed protein sequence and the potential presence of post-translational modifications in the mammalian recombinant protein. Finally, a preliminary structural characterization was carried out on ANSN produced in Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pirone
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - S Di Gaetano
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - E Rizzarelli
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR, Catania, Italy; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - F Bellia
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR, Catania, Italy.
| | - E Pedone
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR, Napoli, Italy.
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25
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Sugihara Y, Onoue S, Tashiro K, Sato M, Hasegawa T, Katakura Y. Carnosine induces intestinal cells to secrete exosomes that activate neuronal cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217394. [PMID: 31136600 PMCID: PMC6538158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we showed that imidazole dipeptide such as carnosine contained abundantly in chicken breast meat improves brain function in a double-blind randomized controlled trial. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we investigated whether carnosine activates intestinal epithelial cells and induces the secretion of factors that activate brain function. We focused on exosomes derived from intestinal epithelial cells as mediators of brain-gut interaction. Results showed that exosomes derived from Caco-2 cells treated with carnosine significantly induced neurite growth in SH-SY5Y cells. To clarify the molecular basis of this finding, we performed integrated analysis of microRNAs (miRNAs) with altered expression in exosomes in response to carnosine treatment and mRNAs with altered expression in target cells in response to exosome treatment to identify related miRNAs and their target genes. The combination of miR-6769-5p and its target gene ATXN1 was found to be involved in the exosome-induced activation of neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Sugihara
- Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shiori Onoue
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tashiro
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mikako Sato
- R&D Center, NH Foods, Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Yoshinori Katakura
- Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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26
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Schön M, Mousa A, Berk M, Chia WL, Ukropec J, Majid A, Ukropcová B, de Courten B. The Potential of Carnosine in Brain-Related Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of Current Evidence. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061196. [PMID: 31141890 PMCID: PMC6627134 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders represent a serious burden because of their increasing prevalence, risk of disability, and the lack of effective causal/disease-modifying treatments. There is a growing body of evidence indicating potentially favourable effects of carnosine, which is an over-the-counter food supplement, in peripheral tissues. Although most studies to date have focused on the role of carnosine in metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, the physiological presence of this di-peptide and its analogues in the brain together with their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier as well as evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies suggest carnosine as a promising therapeutic target in brain disorders. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of carnosine in neurological, neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders, summarizing current evidence from cell, animal, and human cross-sectional, longitudinal studies, and randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schön
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 81439 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - Michael Berk
- School of Medicine, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
- Orygen, The Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Wern L Chia
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 81439 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Arshad Majid
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK.
| | - Barbara Ukropcová
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 81439 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, 81469 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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27
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Anserine (beta-alanyl-3-methyl-L-histidine) improves neurovascular-unit dysfunction and spatial memory in aged AβPPswe/PSEN1dE9 Alzheimer's-model mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12571. [PMID: 28974740 PMCID: PMC5626714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12785-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anserine/carnosine supplementation improves cerebral blood flow and verbal episodic memory in elderly people, as we previously reported. Anserine’s buffering activity is superior to that of carnosine at neutral pH. In human sera, carnosine but not anserine is rapidly cleaved by carnosinase, limiting its effectiveness. This study examined the effects of anserine on AβPPswe/PSEN1dE9 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model mice over 18-months old, an age at which these mice exhibit detectable memory deficits. We found that 8 weeks of anserine treatment completely recovered the memory deficits, improved pericyte coverage on endothelial cells in the brain, and diminished chronic glial neuroinflammatory reactions in these mice. These results suggest that anserine (beta-alanyl-3-methyl-L-histidine) supplementation improved memory functions in AD-model mice by exerting a protective effect on the neurovascular units, which are composed of endothelial cells, pericytes, and supporting glial cells.
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