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Chakrabarty B, Winder M, Kanai AJ, Hashitani H, Drake M, Abrams P, Fry CH. Nitric oxide signaling pathways in the normal and pathological bladder: Do they provide new pharmacological pathways?-ICI-RS 2023. Neurourol Urodyn 2024; 43:1344-1352. [PMID: 37902298 DOI: 10.1002/nau.25321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The nitric oxide (NO•)/soluble guanylate cyclase/cyclic-GMP (cGMP) signaling pathway is ubiquitous and regulates several functions in physiological systems as diverse as the vascular, nervous, and renal systems. However, its roles in determining normal and abnormal lower urinary tract functions are unclear. The aim was to identify potential therapeutic targets associated with this pathway to manage lower urinary tract functional disorders. METHODS This review summarizes a workshop held under the auspices of ICI-RS with a view to address these questions. RESULTS Four areas were addressed: NO• signaling to regulate neurotransmitter release to detrusor smooth muscle; its potential dual roles in alleviating and exacerbating inflammatory pathways; its ability to act as an antifibrotic mediator; and the control by nitrergic nerves of lower urinary tract vascular dynamics and the contractile performance of muscular regions of the bladder wall. Central to much of the discussion was the role of the NO• receptor, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) in regulating the generation of the enzyme product, the second messenger cGMP. The redox state of sGC is crucial in determining its enzymic activity and the role of a class of novel agents, sGC activators, to optimize activity and to potentially alleviate the consequences of lower urinary tract disorders was highlighted. In addition, the consequences of a functional relationship between nitrergic and sympathetic nerves to regulate vascular dynamics was discussed. CONCLUSIONS Several potential NO•-dependent drug targets in the lower urinary tract were identified that provide the basis for future research and translation to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basu Chakrabarty
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael Winder
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anthony J Kanai
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hikaru Hashitani
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Marcus Drake
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paul Abrams
- Bristol Urological Institute, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Christopher H Fry
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Zheng K, Layton AT. Predicting sex differences in the effects of diuretics in renal epithelial transport during angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F737-F750. [PMID: 38482554 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00398.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic angiotensin II (ANG II) infusion is an experimental model that induces hypertension in rodents. The natriuresis, diuresis, and blood pressure responses differ between males and females. This is perhaps not unexpected, given the rodent kidney, which plays a key role in blood pressure regulation, exhibits marked sex differences. Under normotensive conditions, compared with males, the female rat nephron exhibits lower Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) activity along the proximal tubule but higher Na+ transporter activities along the distal segments. ANG II infusion-induced hypertension induces a pressure natriuretic response that reduces NHE3 activity and shifts Na+ transport capacity downstream. The goals of this study were to apply a computational model of epithelial transport along a rat nephron 1) to understand how a 14-day ANG II infusion impacts segmental electrolyte transport in male and female rat nephrons and 2) to identify and explain any sex differences in the effects of loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, and K+-sparing diuretics. Model simulations suggest that the NHE3 downregulation in the proximal tubule is a major contributor to natriuresis and diuresis in hypertension, with the effects stronger in males. All three diuretics are predicted to induce stronger natriuretic and diuretic effects under hypertension compared with normotension, with relative increases in sodium excretion higher in hypertensive females than in males. The stronger natriuretic responses can be explained by the downstream shift of Na+ transport load in hypertension and by the larger distal transport load in females, both of which limit the ability of the distal segments to further elevate their Na+ transport.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sex differences in the prevalence of hypertension are found in human and animal models. The kidney, which regulates blood pressure, exhibits sex differences in morphology, hemodynamics, and membrane transporter distributions. This computational modeling study provides insights into how the sexually dimorphic responses to a 14-day angiotensin II infusion differentially impact segmental electrolyte transport in rats. Simulations of diuretic administration explain how the natriuretic and diuretic effects differ between normotension and hypertension and between the sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Zheng
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anita T Layton
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Cheriton School of Computer Science, and School of Pharmacology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Schwartz KS, Lang JA, Stanhewicz AE. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor-mediated dilation is greater in the cutaneous microvasculature of premenopausal women compared with men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:1236-1242. [PMID: 37823205 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00382.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) likely contributes to sex differences in cardiovascular outcomes in premenopausal women compared with age-matched men. Women demonstrate reduced activation of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1R) compared with men, and evidence suggests that women also likely have increased sensitivity of the vasodilatory angiotensin II type 2 receptors (AT2R). However, few in vivo studies have directly examined sex differences in AT2R-mediated dilation, or the balance between AT1R- and AT2R-mediated vascular responses in humans. Using the cutaneous microcirculation as a model, we hypothesized that AT2R-mediated dilation would be greater in premenopausal women compared with men, and that AT1R-blockade would augment AT2R-mediated dilation to a greater extent in men than in women. Twelve healthy women (22 ± 3 yr) and 12 men (23 ± 5 yr) had two intradermal microdialysis fibers placed in the ventral forearm for graded infusions of compound 21 (AT2R agonist; 10-12 to 10-8 M) in a control fiber site and a site treated with 43 µM losartan (AT1R antagonist). Red blood cell flux was measured continuously by laser-Doppler flowmetry, and cutaneous vascular conductance [CVC = flux/mean arterial pressure (MAP)] was normalized to maximum [%max; 28 mM sodium nitroprusside (SNP) + 43 °C]. Women had greater AT2R-mediated dilation compared with men (women: 25 ± 4 vs. men: 15 ± 2%max, P = 0.03). Local AT1R inhibition increased AT2R-mediated dilation in men (losartan: 26 ± 4 vs. control: 15 ± 2%max, P < 0.001) but had no effect in women (losartan: 27 ± 6 vs. control: 25 ± 4%max, P > 0.05). These data suggest that premenopausal women have a greater AT2R-mediated vasodilation response than men, and that AT1R activation inhibits AT2R-mediated dilation in men, but not in women.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Premenopausal women have greater protection against cardiovascular disease than age-matched men. However, the role of vasoconstrictor angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1R) and vasodilatory angiotensin II type 2 receptors (AT2R) in mediating these sex differences is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that women have greater AT2R-mediated vasodilation than men and that AT1R negates AT2R-mediated dilation in men, but not in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey S Schwartz
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - James A Lang
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - Anna E Stanhewicz
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
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Edwards A, Ralph DL, Mercado A, McDonough AA. Angiotensin II hypertension along the female rat tubule: predicted impact on coupled transport of Na + and K . Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F733-F749. [PMID: 37823196 PMCID: PMC10878725 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00232.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic infusion of subpressor level of angiotensin II (ANG II) increases the abundance of Na+ transporters along the distal nephron, balanced by suppression of Na+ transporters along the proximal tubule and medullary thick ascending limb (defined as "proximal nephron"), which impacts K+ handling along the entire renal tubule. The objective of this study was to quantitatively assess the impact of chronic ANG II on the renal handling of Na+ and K+ in female rats, using a computational model of the female rat renal tubule. Our results indicate that the downregulation of proximal nephron Na+ reabsorption (TNa), which occurs in response to ANG II-triggered hypertension, involves changes in both transporter abundance and trafficking. Our model suggests that substantial (∼30%) downregulation of active NHE3 in proximal tubule (PT) microvilli is needed to reestablish the Na+ balance at 2 wk of ANG II infusion. The 35% decrease in SGLT2, a known NHE3 regulator, may contribute to this downregulation. Both depression of proximal nephron TNa and stimulation of distal ENaC raise urinary K+ excretion in ANG II-treated females, while K+ loss is slightly mitigated by cortical NKCC2 and NCC upregulation. Our model predicts that K+ excretion may be more significantly limited during ANG II infusion by ROMK inhibition in the distal nephron and/or KCC3 upregulation in the PT, which remain open questions for experimental validation. In summary, our analysis indicates that ANG II hypertension triggers a series of events from distal TNa stimulation followed by compensatory reduction in proximal nephron TNa and accompanying adjustments to limit excessive K+ secretion.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used a computational model of the renal tubule to assess the impact of 2-wk angiotensin II (ANG II) infusion on the handling of Na+ and K+ in female rats. ANG II strongly stimulates distal Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion. Simulations indicate that substantial downregulation of proximal tubule NHE3 is needed to reestablish Na+ balance at 2 wk. Proximal adaptations challenge K+ homeostasis, and regulation of distal NCC and specific K+ channels likely limit urinary K+ losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Edwards
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Donna L Ralph
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Adriana Mercado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alicia A McDonough
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
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Alhummiany B, Sharma K, Buckley DL, Soe KK, Sourbron SP. Physiological confounders of renal blood flow measurement. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023:10.1007/s10334-023-01126-7. [PMID: 37971557 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-023-01126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Renal blood flow (RBF) is controlled by a number of physiological factors that can contribute to the variability of its measurement. The purpose of this review is to assess the changes in RBF in response to a wide range of physiological confounders and derive practical recommendations on patient preparation and interpretation of RBF measurements with MRI. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted to include articles reporting on physiological variations of renal perfusion, blood and/or plasma flow in healthy humans. RESULTS A total of 24 potential confounders were identified from the literature search and categorized into non-modifiable and modifiable factors. The non-modifiable factors include variables related to the demographics of a population (e.g. age, sex, and race) which cannot be manipulated but should be considered when interpreting RBF values between subjects. The modifiable factors include different activities (e.g. food/fluid intake, exercise training and medication use) that can be standardized in the study design. For each of the modifiable factors, evidence-based recommendations are provided to control for them in an RBF-measurement. CONCLUSION Future studies aiming to measure RBF are encouraged to follow a rigorous study design, that takes into account these recommendations for controlling the factors that can influence RBF results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashair Alhummiany
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9NL, UK.
| | - Kanishka Sharma
- Department of Imaging, Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - David L Buckley
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9NL, UK
| | - Kywe Kywe Soe
- Department of Imaging, Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Steven P Sourbron
- Department of Imaging, Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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Trainor PJ, Brambatti M, Carlisle SM, Mullick AE, Shah SJ, Kahlon T, Mostacero DO, Mousavi H, Morgan ES, Tami Y, Michos ED, Ouyang P, Tsimikas S, DeFilippis AP. Blood Levels of Angiotensinogen and Hypertension in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 81:1248-1259. [PMID: 36990544 PMCID: PMC10352958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensinogen is the proximal precursor of the angiotensin peptide hormones of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Clinical trials are ongoing targeting angiotensinogen for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. The epidemiology of angiotensinogen is not well defined, particularly its relationship to ethnicity, sex, and blood pressure (BP)/hypertension. OBJECTIVES The authors sought to determine the relationship of circulating angiotensinogen levels to ethnicity, sex, BP, incident hypertension, and prevalent hypertension in a modern sex-balanced ethnically diverse cohort. METHODS Plasma angiotensinogen levels were measured in 5,786 participants from the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). Linear, logistic, and Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to examine the associations of angiotensinogen with BP, prevalent hypertension, and incident hypertension, respectively. RESULTS Angiotensinogen levels were significantly higher in females than males and differed across self-reported ethnicities with the ordering (from highest to lowest): White, Black, Hispanic, and Chinese adults. Higher levels were associated with higher BP and odds of prevalent hypertension, after adjusting for other risk factors. Equivalent relative differences in angiotensinogen were associated with greater differences in BP in males vs females. In males not taking RAAS-blocking medications, a standard deviation increment in log-angiotensinogen was associated with 2.61 mm Hg higher systolic BP (95% CI: 1.49-3.80), while in females the same increment in angiotensinogen was associated with 0.97 mm Hg higher systolic BP (95% CI: 0.30-1.65). CONCLUSIONS Significant differences in angiotensinogen levels are present between sexes and ethnicities. A positive association is present between levels and prevalent hypertension and BP, which differs between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Trainor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; Molecular Biology and Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Program, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Samantha M Carlisle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; Molecular Biology and Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Program, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tanvir Kahlon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Yvonne Tami
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pamela Ouyang
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrew P DeFilippis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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7
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Daugherty A, Lu HS, Bakris GL. Angiotensinogen in Sex and Hypertension: New Insights From the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 81:1260-1262. [PMID: 36990545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Daugherty
- Saha Aortic Center, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
| | - Hong S Lu
- Saha Aortic Center, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - George L Bakris
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Song CY, Singh P, Motiwala M, Shin JS, Lew J, Dutta SR, Gonzalez FJ, Bonventre JV, Malik KU. 2-Methoxyestradiol Ameliorates Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension by Inhibiting Cytosolic Phospholipase A 2α Activity in Female Mice. Hypertension 2021; 78:1368-1381. [PMID: 34628937 PMCID: PMC8516072 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. We tested the hypothesis that CYP1B1 (cytochrome P450 1B1)-17β-estradiol metabolite 2-methoxyestradiol protects against Ang II (angiotensin II)–induced hypertension by inhibiting group IV cPLA2α (cytosolic phospholipase A2α) activity and production of prohypertensive eicosanoids in female mice. Ang II (700 ng/kg per minute, SC) increased mean arterial blood pressure (BP), systolic and diastolic BP measured by radiotelemetry, renal fibrosis, and reactive oxygen species production in wild-type mice (cPLA2α+/+/Cyp1b1+/+) that were enhanced by ovariectomy and abolished in intact and ovariectomized-cPLA2α−/−/Cyp1b1+/+ mice. Ang II–induced increase in SBP measured by tail-cuff, renal fibrosis, reactive oxygen species production, and cPLA2α activity measured by its phosphorylation in the kidney, and urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane A2 metabolites were enhanced in ovariectomized-cPLA2α+/+/Cyp1b1+/+ and intact cPLA2α+/+/Cyp1b1−/− mice. 2-Methoxyestradiol and arachidonic acid metabolism inhibitor 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid attenuated the Ang II–induced increase in SBP, renal fibrosis, reactive oxygen species production, and urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2, and thromboxane A2 metabolites in ovariectomized-cPLA2α+/+/Cyp1b1+/+ and intact cPLA2α+/+/Cyp1b1−/− mice. Antagonists of prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane A2 receptors EP1 and EP3 and TP, respectively, inhibited Ang II–induced increases in SBP and reactive oxygen species production and renal fibrosis in ovariectomized-cPLA2α+/+/Cyp1b1+/+ and intact cPLA2α+/+/Cyp1b1−/− mice. These data suggest that CYP1B1-generated metabolite 2-methoxyestradiol mitigates Ang II–induced hypertension and renal fibrosis by inhibiting cPLA2α activity, reducing prostaglandin E2, and thromboxane A2 production and stimulating EP1 and EP3 and TP receptors, respectively. Thus, 2-methoxyestradiol and the drugs that selectively block EP1 and EP3 and TP receptors could be useful in treating hypertension and its pathogenesis in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Young Song
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee HSC, Memphis (C.Y.S., P.S., M.M., J.S.S., J.L., S.R.D., K.U.M.)
| | - Purnima Singh
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee HSC, Memphis (C.Y.S., P.S., M.M., J.S.S., J.L., S.R.D., K.U.M.)
| | - Mustafa Motiwala
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee HSC, Memphis (C.Y.S., P.S., M.M., J.S.S., J.L., S.R.D., K.U.M.)
| | - Ji Soo Shin
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee HSC, Memphis (C.Y.S., P.S., M.M., J.S.S., J.L., S.R.D., K.U.M.)
| | - Jessica Lew
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee HSC, Memphis (C.Y.S., P.S., M.M., J.S.S., J.L., S.R.D., K.U.M.)
| | - Shubha R. Dutta
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee HSC, Memphis (C.Y.S., P.S., M.M., J.S.S., J.L., S.R.D., K.U.M.)
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (F.J.G.)
| | - Joseph V. Bonventre
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.V.B.)
| | - Kafait U. Malik
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee HSC, Memphis (C.Y.S., P.S., M.M., J.S.S., J.L., S.R.D., K.U.M.)
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Herrera-Zelada N, Zuñiga-Cuevas U, Ramirez-Reyes A, Lavandero S, Riquelme JA. Targeting the Endothelium to Achieve Cardioprotection. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:636134. [PMID: 33603675 PMCID: PMC7884828 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.636134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable improvements in the treatment of myocardial infarction, it is still a highly prevalent disease worldwide. Novel therapeutic strategies to limit infarct size are required to protect myocardial function and thus, avoid heart failure progression. Cardioprotection is a research topic with significant achievements in the context of basic science. However, translation of the beneficial effects of protective approaches from bench to bedside has proven difficult. Therefore, there is still an unmet need to study new avenues leading to protecting the myocardium against infarction. In line with this, the endothelium is an essential component of the cardiovascular system with multiple therapeutic targets with cardioprotective potential. Endothelial cells are the most abundant non-myocyte cell type in the heart and are key players in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. These cells can regulate vascular tone, angiogenesis, hemostasis, and inflammation. Accordingly, endothelial dysfunction plays a fundamental role in cardiovascular diseases, which may ultimately lead to myocardial infarction. The endothelium is of paramount importance to protect the myocardium from ischemia/reperfusion injury via conditioning strategies or cardioprotective drugs. This review will provide updated information on the most promising therapeutic agents and protective approaches targeting endothelial cells in the context of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Herrera-Zelada
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ursula Zuñiga-Cuevas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andres Ramirez-Reyes
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jaime A. Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Sex differences in cardiovascular actions of the renin-angiotensin system. Clin Auton Res 2020; 30:393-408. [PMID: 32860555 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-020-00720-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a worldwide public health concern despite decades of research and the availability of numerous targeted therapies. While the intrinsic physiological mechanisms regulating cardiovascular function are similar between males and females, marked sex differences have been established in terms of CVD onset, pathophysiology, manifestation, susceptibility, prevalence, treatment responses and outcomes in animal models and clinical populations. Premenopausal females are generally protected from CVD in comparison to men of similar age, with females tending to develop cardiovascular complications later in life following menopause. Emerging evidence suggests this cardioprotection in females is, in part, attributed to sex differences in hormonal regulators, such as the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). To date, research has largely focused on canonical RAS pathways and shown that premenopausal females are protected from cardiovascular derangements produced by activation of angiotensin II pathways. More recently, a vasodilatory arm of the RAS has emerged that is characterized by angiotensin-(1-7) [(Ang-(1-7)], angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and Mas receptors. Emerging studies provide evidence for a shift towards these cardioprotective Ang-(1-7) pathways in females, with effects modulated by interactions with estrogen. Despite well-established sex differences, female comparison studies on cardiovascular outcomes are lacking at both the preclinical and clinical levels. Furthermore, there are no specific guidelines in place for the treatment of cardiovascular disease in men versus women, including therapies targeting the RAS. This review summarizes current knowledge on sex differences in the cardiovascular actions of the RAS, focusing on interactions with gonadal hormones, emerging data for protective Ang-(1-7) pathways and potential clinical implications for established and novel therapies.
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Shete A. Urgent need for evaluating agonists of angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis for treating patients with COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 96:348-351. [PMID: 32389847 PMCID: PMC7204665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ACE2 is a receptor of entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells, and its upregulation has been implicated in increasing susceptibility of individuals to this infection. The clinical picture of COVID-19 suggests a role of ACE2 blockade, rather than its overexpression, in causing the pathogenesis. ACE2 blockade results in increased angiotensin II activity with simultaneous hampering of functions of angiotensin-(1-7)/MasR axis. Acute respiratory distress due to interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, cardiomyopathy and shock reported in COVID-19 patients can be explained by imbalanced angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7) activities. Failure of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers to control the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections indicates the importance of simultaneous induction of angiotensin-(1-7)/MasR axis for correcting pathological conditions in COVID-19 through its anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and cardioprotective roles. MasR agonists have also shown organ protective effects in a number of animal studies. Unfortunately, these agonists have not been tested in clinical studies. Their evaluation in seriously ill COVID-19 patients is urgently warranted to reduce mortality due to infection.
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12
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Jha S, Taschler U, Domenig O, Poglitsch M, Bourgeois B, Pollheimer M, Pusch LM, Malovan G, Frank S, Madl T, Gruber K, Zimmermann R, Macheroux P. Dipeptidyl peptidase 3 modulates the renin-angiotensin system in mice. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13711-13723. [PMID: 32546481 PMCID: PMC7535908 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP3) is a zinc-dependent hydrolase involved in degrading oligopeptides with 4-12 amino acid residues. It has been associated with several pathophysiological processes, including blood pressure regulation, pain signaling, and cancer cell defense against oxidative stress. However, the physiological substrates and the cellular pathways that are potentially targeted by DPP3 to mediate these effects remain unknown. Here, we show that global DPP3 deficiency in mice (DPP3-/-) affects the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). LC-MS-based profiling of circulating angiotensin peptides revealed elevated levels of angiotensin II, III, IV, and 1-5 in DPP3-/- mice, whereas blood pressure, renin activity, and aldosterone levels remained unchanged. Activity assays using the purified enzyme confirmed that angiotensin peptides are substrates for DPP3. Aberrant angiotensin signaling was associated with substantially higher water intake and increased renal reactive oxygen species formation in the kidneys of DPP3-/- mice. The metabolic changes and altered angiotensin levels observed in male DPP3-/- mice were either absent or attenuated in female DPP3-/- mice, indicating sex-specific differences. Taken together, our observations suggest that DPP3 regulates the RAS pathway and water homeostasis by degrading circulating angiotensin peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalinee Jha
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrike Taschler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Benjamin Bourgeois
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marion Pollheimer
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lisa M Pusch
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Grazia Malovan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Gruber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Macheroux
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria.
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13
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White MC, Fleeman R, Arnold AC. Sex differences in the metabolic effects of the renin-angiotensin system. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:31. [PMID: 31262355 PMCID: PMC6604144 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic that greatly increases risk for developing cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. Sex differences in the obese phenotype are well established in experimental animal models and clinical populations. While having higher adiposity and obesity prevalence, females are generally protected from obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular complications. This protection is, at least in part, attributed to sex differences in metabolic effects of hormonal mediators such as the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Previous literature has predominantly focused on the vasoconstrictor arm of the RAS and shown that, in contrast to male rodent models of obesity and diabetes, females are protected from metabolic and cardiovascular derangements produced by angiotensinogen, renin, and angiotensin II. A vasodilator arm of the RAS has more recently emerged which includes angiotensin-(1-7), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), mas receptors, and alamandine. While accumulating evidence suggests that activation of components of this counter-regulatory axis produces positive effects on glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and energy balance in male animal models, female comparison studies and clinical data related to metabolic outcomes are lacking. This review will summarize current knowledge of sex differences in metabolic effects of the RAS, focusing on interactions with gonadal hormones and potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C White
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Fleeman
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Mail Code H109, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Amy C Arnold
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Mail Code H109, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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14
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Stanhewicz AE, Wenner MM, Stachenfeld NS. Sex differences in endothelial function important to vascular health and overall cardiovascular disease risk across the lifespan. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1569-H1588. [PMID: 30216121 PMCID: PMC6734083 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00396.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diseases of the cardiovascular system are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in men and women in developed countries, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is becoming more prevalent in developing countries. The prevalence of atherosclerotic CVD in men is greater than in women until menopause, when the prevalence of CVD increases in women until it exceeds that of men. Endothelial function is a barometer of vascular health and a predictor of atherosclerosis that may provide insights into sex differences in CVD as well as how and why the CVD risk drastically changes with menopause. Studies of sex differences in endothelial function are conflicting, with some studies showing earlier decrements in endothelial function in men compared with women, whereas others show similar age-related declines between the sexes. Because the increase in CVD risk coincides with menopause, it is generally thought that female hormones, estrogens in particular, are cardioprotective. Moreover, it is often proposed that androgens are detrimental. In truth, the relationships are more complex. This review first addresses female and male sex hormones and their receptors and how these interact with the cardiovascular system, particularly the endothelium, in healthy young women and men. Second, we address sex differences in sex steroid receptor-independent mechanisms controlling endothelial function, focusing on vascular endothelin and the renin-angiotensin systems, in healthy young women and men. Finally, we discuss sex differences in age-associated endothelial dysfunction, focusing on the role of attenuated circulating sex hormones in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Stanhewicz
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Megan M Wenner
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware
| | - Nina S Stachenfeld
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and Yale School of Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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15
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Clotet-Freixas S, Soler MJ, Palau V, Anguiano L, Gimeno J, Konvalinka A, Pascual J, Riera M. Sex dimorphism in ANGII-mediated crosstalk between ACE2 and ACE in diabetic nephropathy. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1237-1249. [PMID: 29884907 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 play a critical role in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) by altering angiotensin II (ANGII) levels, thus governing its deleterious effects. Both enzymes are altered by sex and diabetes, and play an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Importantly, previous evidence in diabetic and ACE2-deficient (ACE2KO) males suggest a sex-dependent crosstalk between renal ACE and ACE2. In the present work, we aimed to study the sex-specific susceptibility to diabetes and direct infusion of ANGII in kidney disease progression, with a special focus on its link to ACE2 and ACE. In our mouse model, ANGII promoted hypertension, albuminuria, reduced glomerular filtration, and glomerular histological alterations. ANGII adverse effects were accentuated by diabetes and ACE2 deficiency, in a sex-dependent fashion: ACE2 deficiency accentuated ANGII-induced hypertension, albuminuria, and glomerular hypertrophy in diabetic females, whereas in diabetic males exacerbated ANGII-mediated glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial expansion, and podocyte loss. At the molecular level, ANGII downregulated renal ACE gene and enzymatic activity levels, as well as renin gene expression in ACE2KO mice. Interestingly, male sex and diabetes accentuated this effect. Here we show sex dimorphism in the severity of diabetes- and ANGII-related renal lesions, and demonstrate that ACE2- and ACE-related compensatory mechanisms are sex-specific. Supporting our previous findings, the modulation and ANGII-mediated crosstalk between ACE2 and ACE in DN progression was more evident in males. This work increases the understanding of the sex-specific role of ACE2 and ACE in DN, reinforcing the necessity of more personalized treatments targeting RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Clotet-Freixas
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar - IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Maria Jose Soler
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar - IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Vanesa Palau
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar - IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Anguiano
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar - IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Gimeno
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar - IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Konvalinka
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Julio Pascual
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar - IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Riera
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar - IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Shukri MZ, Tan JW, Manosroi W, Pojoga LH, Rivera A, Williams JS, Seely EW, Adler GK, Jaffe IZ, Karas RH, Williams GH, Romero JR. Biological Sex Modulates the Adrenal and Blood Pressure Responses to Angiotensin II. Hypertension 2018; 71:1083-1090. [PMID: 29686001 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.11087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between biological sex and aldosterone on blood pressure (BP) is unclear. We hypothesized that sex would modify the interaction between aldosterone and vascular responses to salt intake and angiotensin II (AngII). To test this hypothesis, in 1592 subjects from the well-controlled Hypertensive Pathotype cohort, we compared responses of women and men to chronic (BP and aldosterone levels in response to dietary salt) and acute (BP, renal plasma flow, and aldosterone responses to AngII infusion) manipulations. Women had a 30% higher salt sensitivity of BP than men (P<0.0005) regardless of age or hypertension status, a greater BP response to AngII, and a 15% greater aldosterone response to AngII on both restricted and liberal salt diets (P<0.005). Furthermore, there was an interaction (P=0.003) between sex and aldosterone on BP response to AngII. Women also had a greater (P<0.01) increment in renal plasma flow in response to AngII than men. To assess potential mechanisms for this sex effect, we compared aldosterone responses to AngII or potassium from rat zona glomerulosa cells and observed greater aldosterone production in female than male zona glomerulosa cells basally and in response to both agonists (P<0.0001). In a rodent model of aldosterone-mediated cardiovascular disease induced by increased AngII and low NO, circulating aldosterone levels (P<0.01), myocardial damage (P<0.001), and proteinuria (P<0.05) were greater in female than male rats despite having similar BP responses. Thus, increased aldosterone production likely contributes to sex differences in cardiovascular disease, suggesting that women may be more responsive to mineralocorticoid receptor blockade than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zaki Shukri
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.Z.S., J.W.T., W.M., L.H.P., J.S.W., E.W.S., G.K.A., G.H.W., J.R.R.)
| | - Jia Wei Tan
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.Z.S., J.W.T., W.M., L.H.P., J.S.W., E.W.S., G.K.A., G.H.W., J.R.R.)
| | - Worapaka Manosroi
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.Z.S., J.W.T., W.M., L.H.P., J.S.W., E.W.S., G.K.A., G.H.W., J.R.R.)
| | - Luminita H Pojoga
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.Z.S., J.W.T., W.M., L.H.P., J.S.W., E.W.S., G.K.A., G.H.W., J.R.R.)
| | - Alicia Rivera
- and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (A.R.)
| | - Jonathan S Williams
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.Z.S., J.W.T., W.M., L.H.P., J.S.W., E.W.S., G.K.A., G.H.W., J.R.R.)
| | - Ellen W Seely
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.Z.S., J.W.T., W.M., L.H.P., J.S.W., E.W.S., G.K.A., G.H.W., J.R.R.)
| | - Gail K Adler
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.Z.S., J.W.T., W.M., L.H.P., J.S.W., E.W.S., G.K.A., G.H.W., J.R.R.)
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J., R.H.K.)
| | - Richard H Karas
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J., R.H.K.)
| | - Gordon H Williams
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.Z.S., J.W.T., W.M., L.H.P., J.S.W., E.W.S., G.K.A., G.H.W., J.R.R.)
| | - Jose R Romero
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.Z.S., J.W.T., W.M., L.H.P., J.S.W., E.W.S., G.K.A., G.H.W., J.R.R.)
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17
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Akomolafe OR, Imafidon CE, Olukiran OS, Oladele AA, Akanji BO. Sub-acute administration of lower doses of nicotine caused sex-dependent improvement of renal function in Wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2018; 4:535-542. [PMID: 29657920 PMCID: PMC5897321 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to nicotine is associated with sex-dependent variation in electrolyte disturbances. Lower doses of sub-acute nicotine administration enhanced renal function. Nicotine-enhanced renal function is more pronounced in female than in male Wistar rats. Nicotine-enhanced renal function may be mediated through α7-nAchR.
The adverse and beneficial health effects of nicotine (NIC), the major alkaloid found in cigarettes and tobacco, are controversial. Most studies on NIC have focused on its effects on cardiovascular and nervous functions. This study aimed at determining dose- and sex-specific effects of sub-acute (28 days) NIC administration on some indices of kidney function in Wistar rats. Forty rats (20 males and 20 females), 8–9 weeks old (each housed in separate metabolic cage), were used for this study such that graded doses of NIC (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg i.p. for 28 days) were administered to both sexes while each control received distilled water at 0.2 mL/100 g i.p. Blood was collected under ketamine anesthesia (10 mg/kg i.m) for analyses and results obtained were compared at p < 0.05. The result showed beneficial alterations in plasma and urine level of creatinine, urea and uric acid (p < 0.05) as well as plasma and urine electrolyte level (Na+ and K+) in both sexes (p < 0.05). Also, there was significant improvement in creatinine clearance (p < 0.05) with no appreciable difference in their histological examination. Although these beneficial effects were more pronounced in the female than in the male (p < 0.05), administration at the highest dose showed potentially deleterious alterations from normal beneficial trend (p < 0.05) in both sexes. It was concluded that sub-acute administration of lower doses of NIC improves kidney function of Wistar rats; an effect that was more pronounced in the females than their male counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojo Rufus Akomolafe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Christian Eseigbe Imafidon
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olaoluwa Sesan Olukiran
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Ayowole Abraham Oladele
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Oludare Akanji
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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18
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Chollet C, Placier S, Chatziantoniou C, Hus-Citharel A, Caron N, Roussel R, Alhenc-Gelas F, Bouby N. Genetically increased angiotensin I-converting enzyme alters peripheral and renal vascular reactivity to angiotensin II and bradykinin in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H350-H358. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00356.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) levels in humans are under strong genetic influence. Genetic variation in ACE has been linked to risk for and progression of cardiovascular and renal diseases. Causality has been documented in genetically modified mice, but the mechanisms underlying causality are not completely elucidated. To further document the vascular and renal consequences of a moderate genetic increase in ACE synthesis, we studied genetically modified mice carrying three copies of the ACE gene (three-copy mice) and littermate wild-type animals (two-copy mice). We investigated peripheral and renal vascular reactivity to angiotensin II and bradykinin in vivo by measuring blood pressure and renal blood flow after intravenous administration and also reactivity of isolated glomerular arterioles by following intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Carrying three copies of the ACE gene potentiated the systemic and renal vascular responses to angiotensin II over the whole range of peptide concentration tested. Consistently, the response of isolated glomerular afferent arterioles to angiotensin II was enhanced in three-copy mice. In these mice, signaling pathways triggered by endothelial activation by bradykinin or carbachol in glomerular arterioles were also altered. Although the nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS)/NO pathway was not functional in arterioles of two-copy mice, in muscular efferent arterioles of three-copy mice NOS3 gene expression was induced and NO mediated the effect of bradykinin or carbachol. These data document new and unexpected vascular consequences of a genetic increase in ACE synthesis. Enhanced vasoconstrictor effect of angiotensin II may contribute to the risk for cardiovascular and renal diseases linked to genetically high ACE levels. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A moderate genetic increase in angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) in mice similar to the effect of the ACE gene D allele in humans unexpectedly potentiates the systemic and renal vasoconstrictor responses to angiotensin II. It also alters the endothelial signaling pathways triggered by bradykinin or carbachol in glomerular efferent arterioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Chollet
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Placier
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMRS 1155, Hopital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Christos Chatziantoniou
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMRS 1155, Hopital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Annette Hus-Citharel
- College de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, INSERM U1050, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Caron
- Université de Namur, Faculté de Medecine, Namur, Belgium
| | - Ronan Roussel
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- Department of Diabetology-Endocrinology-Nutrition, DHU FIRE, Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - François Alhenc-Gelas
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Bouby
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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19
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Toering TJ, Gant CM, Visser FW, van der Graaf AM, Laverman GD, Danser AHJ, Faas MM, Navis G, Lely AT. Sex differences in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system affect extracellular volume in healthy subjects. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 314:F873-F878. [PMID: 28592435 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00109.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies reported sex differences in aldosterone. It is unknown whether these differences are associated with differences in volume regulation. Therefore we studied both aldosterone and extracellular volume in men and women on different sodium intakes. In healthy normotensive men ( n = 18) and premenopausal women ( n = 18) we investigated plasma aldosterone, blood pressure, and extracellular volume (125I-iothalamate), during both low (target intake 50 mmol Na+/day) and high sodium intake (target intake 200 mmol Na+/day) in a crossover setup. Furthermore, we studied the adrenal response to angiotensin II infusion (0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 ng·kg-1·min-1 for 1 h) on both sodium intakes. Men had a significantly higher plasma aldosterone, extracellular volume, and systolic blood pressure than women during high sodium intake ( P < 0.05). During low sodium intake, extracellular volume and blood pressure were higher in men as well ( P < 0.05), whereas the difference in plasma aldosterone was no longer significant ( P = 0.252). The adrenal response to exogenous angiotensin II was significantly lower in men than in women on both sodium intakes. Constitutive sex differences in the regulation of aldosterone, characterized by a higher aldosterone and a lower adrenal response to exogenous angiotensin II infusion in men, are associated with a higher extracellular volume and blood pressure in men. These findings suggest that sex differences in the regulation of aldosterone contribute to differences in volume regulation between men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsjitske J Toering
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Christina M Gant
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Ziekenhuisgroep Twente Almelo, Almelo, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Ziekenhuisgroep Twente Almelo, Almelo, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Marijn van der Graaf
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Gozewijn D Laverman
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Ziekenhuisgroep Twente Almelo, Almelo, The Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - A Titia Lely
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands
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20
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Elmarakby AA, Bhatia K, Crislip R, Sullivan JC. Hemodynamic responses to acute angiotensin II infusion are exacerbated in male versus female spontaneously hypertensive rats. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/1/e12677. [PMID: 26755738 PMCID: PMC4760407 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) are more sensitive to chronic angiotensin (Ang) II‐induced hypertension compared with female rats. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that anesthetized male SHRs are also more responsive to acute Ang II‐induced increases in blood pressure and renal hemodynamic changes when compared with female SHRs. Baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) was higher in male SHRs than in female SHRs (135 ± 2 vs. 124 ± 4 mmHg, P < 0.05). Acute intravenous infusion of Ang II (5 ng/kg/min) for 60 minutes significantly increased MAP to 148 ± 2 mmHg in male SHRs (P < 0.05) without a significant change in MAP in female SHRs. Baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was also higher in male SHRs than in female SHRs (2.6 ± 0.3 vs. 1.3 ± 0.1 mL/min, P < 0.05). Ang II infusion for 60 min significantly decreased GFR in male SHRs (2.0 ± 0.2 mL/min; P < 0.05) without significant changes in urine flow rate, sodium, or chloride excretion. In contrast, Ang II infusion increased GFR in female SHRs (1.9 ± 0.2 mL/min; P < 0.05). The increase in GFR upon Ang II infusion in female SHRs was associated with increases in urine flow rate (4.3 ± 0.3 to 7.1 ± 0.9 μL/min), sodium excretion (0.16 ± 0.04 to 0.4 ± 0.1 μmol/min), and chloride excretion (0.7 ± 0.08 to 1.1 ± 0.1 μmol/min; for all P < 0.05). These findings support the hypothesis that there is sex difference in response to acute Ang II infusion in SHRs with females being less responsive to Ang II‐induced elevations in blood pressure and decreases in GFR relative to male SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Elmarakby
- Departments of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Kanchan Bhatia
- Departments of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ryan Crislip
- Departments of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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Zordoky BN, Radin MJ, Heller L, Tobias A, Matise I, Apple FS, McCune SA, Sharkey LC. The interplay between genetic background and sexual dimorphism of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. CARDIO-ONCOLOGY 2016; 2:4. [PMID: 28758028 PMCID: PMC5533296 DOI: 10.1186/s40959-016-0013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Doxorubicin (DOX) is a very effective anticancer medication that is commonly used to treat hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Nevertheless, DOX is known to have cardiotoxic effects that may lead to cardiac dysfunction and failure. In experimental studies, female animals have been shown to be protected against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity; however, the evidence of this sexual dimorphism is inconclusive in clinical studies. Therefore, we sought to investigate whether genetic background could influence the sexual dimorphism of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Methods Male and female Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and Spontaneous Hypertensive Heart Failure (SHHF) rats were used. DOX was administered in eight doses of 2 mg/kg/week and the rats were followed for an additional 12 weeks. Cardiac function was assessed by trans-thoracic echocardiography, systolic blood pressure was measured by the tail cuff method, and heart and kidney tissues were collected for histopathology. Results Female sex protected against DOX-induced weight loss and increase in blood pressure in the WKY rats, whereas it protected against DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction and the elevation of cardiac troponin in SHHF rats. In both strains, female sex was protective against DOX-induced nephrotoxicity. There was a strong correlation between DOX-induced renal pathology and DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of studying the interaction between sex and genetic background to determine the risk of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. In addition, our findings suggest that DOX-induced nephrotoxicity may play a role in DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction in rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beshay N Zordoky
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard St S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - M Judith Radin
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lois Heller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School-Duluth, 1035 University Drive, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Anthony Tobias
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, University of Minnesota, 1352 Boyd Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Ilze Matise
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, 1365 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Fred S Apple
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hennepin County Medical Center and University of Minnesota, 701 Park Ave S, Minneapolis, MN, 55404, USA
| | - Sylvia A McCune
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, 354 UCB, Clare Small 114, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Leslie C Sharkey
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, University of Minnesota, 1352 Boyd Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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Sexually dimorphic proteinuria in Wistar rats: Relevance to clinical models. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2016; 23:51-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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